interviewer: um yeah now what was that 025: they called it chopping cot- #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: the weeds outta it I reckon interviewer: Do they call that here too? 025: nah they ain't nobody ever raised any cotton in here from the market they just raise it for their own use ya know {C: bell sounds} interviewer: I see. 025: and then have to gather that stuff ya know and then pick the seeds out of it {D: and now that} take them old batting card like I's telling you about interviewer: #1 {X} # 025: #2 {X} # make 'em into baths put 'em into quilts interviewer: ah, what kind of w- weeds were there d- did ya. What are some of the worst kind of weeds you have to deal with out here 025: Crabgrass Crabgrass, that's just a thing that'll grow here in your land ain't too good here just take your garden or whatever you- #1 you've got # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 025: another mean weed in this here it ain't so bad in this country but it's all over {X} county and a lot of it in Meyer's cove. Is what they call Johnson grass It's a thing that'll grow from seed out first thing you know a field's covered up in it. Can't get rid of it. But these different kind of weeds that'll give you trouble used to people had a lotta trouble with the ragweed, they're about played out Used to there's the stuff that get down near your feet {X} it was just the stuff that matted 'til people got to relying on their land and fertilizing it and getting the grass to grow so rank and it choked it out ya know #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 hmm # 025: none of it anymore interviewer: yeah, is there any of that kinda looks like clover that grows this flat along the ground got a name for that stuff? 025: ah there's a lot of things like #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 it- it- grows # especially where there's a lot of water ah where it's damp where the water where the the 025: you wouldn't call that watercreepers would ya interviewer: maybe so 025: uh? interviewer: that might be. I was uh there's some stuff in Georgia called bouncing Betty and I just #1 wanted # 025: #2 I never # hear a tell of that it might be the same thing here called something else interviewer: That's the kind of stuff that uh you can you can get rid of that with lime too if there's a uh uh #1 uh # 025: #2 well # cuz I know I've got anything like that hear a lot cuz somebody but these old water grasses {X} who can't get it rid of 'em take roots in down in the mud ya know and they have to clean your spring branch out two or three times a year interviewer: How is your farm laid out now in terms of the fields? they um when you were ah 025: Well, they was laid out just sort of the way it comes in handy ya know it would be have the field over yonder five or six acres ain't it on that side of the road and over here there'd be one with that much get on down the bottom lands down here my lands goes for miles one end to the other and then the forty acre fields down there. interviewer: your your farm is a mile 025: #1 a mile long # interviewer: #2 cause it # 025: #1 a mile # interviewer: #2 right about it # 025: well you'd have to go around the road. it wouldn't be quite that to go straight through. interviewer: Alright. 025: #1 great # interviewer: #2 is it # either side of the road? 025: on both sides 'til you get on down yonder then it stops and mine's on the other side. #1 and down # interviewer: #2 okay # 025: it's on both sides of the road until you get out through the patch of woods down there and it goes on and every field's got to get water in every field. interviewer: How big is that patch of woods you talked about? Is that 025: eh right at there the patch has got about two acres in it. {NS} Then over here on the hell I used have sixty acres over yonder in timberland and I sold several years ago couldn't been mile a way from home. people mistreated me over there. they cut my stuff and hauled it out lightning would strike the trees and kill 'em and first thing you know you had to go there and cut out a great big boundary of pine trees to get shed of the worms interviewer: mm-hmm 025: Then I've got some over here back when my son-in-law was there and there's two parts of that wood I guess that's there four acres of {X} ain't much down {D: Berness} country anymore ain't good timber up here. white oak and big black oak hey and big trees you can bring and make boards out of. interviewer: ah well you've a ah interested in how how you um make a difference between a field and a patch? Is there any sharp 025: Well a field is big piece of ground and a patch is maybe a half acre maybe an acre, maybe less. {X} patch We used to have a garden, half acre We'd never called it a patch we called it the garden. Well a patch I don't know what you mean what you're talking about. A patch is a little place out there somewhere that you've got cleaned up for certain things ya know call it a turnip patch er bean patch #1 I uh # interviewer: #2 or a # 025: patch or something interviewer: A patch usually has only one crop in it at a time? 025: just a little something interviewer: But is it or as big as say three acres you'd probably call it a field 025: yeah I'd call it a field. interviewer: Yesterday we were talking about fences and you mentioned your picket fence. uh and you mentioned the um uh the uh rail fence and the wire fence uh did uh would you uh tell me how uh I'm sure you've, you've made picket fences 025: I've seen 'em made #1 yah. # interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: Don't know why there's two or three ways you can make them and that is through {X} they'd take them and put them in there posts very close together there's a mean fence posts beginning to get weak then blow down and uh it had any amount of 'em and then take put two bars down here at the bottom and two bars up here you know and then you're {X} had this thing in there between them you could turn that back to forward and put them pickets in there and then crush your oars and another ya know and then when you got to the full of your nail and you all and then there's another way you could put you up couple of planks and nail your pickets to them. The picket fence was a mean fence. They they kissed a lot of wind and blow down. We just whatever happened to 'em. I don't even fool with them anymore. You've got your get wore you know and that wind'll go through the lore Devil will picket fence'll blow down on interviewer: Yeah Picket fences were but they will spaced weren't they? was there space 025: #1 The pickets were # interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: #1 {D: dryna a na na} # interviewer: #2 # 025: {D: under enough a nothing} hogs nothing's gonna get them. Some people a getting close enough to chickens and couldn't get them. just depends on what you gonna put in now {NS} interviewer: How did how did they make the pickets? 025: made them like them {D: microsticks}. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: While you are in {D: Cut ya} down the tree it'll split Whatever size ya want 'em go on four feet six feet or whatnot Take that bust 'em in two and get 'em to where you can put them in to get your big ol' fork and find you a fork and play somewhere There's about six inch through I don't know. Cut it off here you know where the fork started and then let it go on out there and then to the fork and then you'd stake that down and you'd cut your boards or your pickets in there dry wet fur in there and mash down on it and then split them right on interviewer: I see. Did they ever call those Palings? #1 Is that something different? # 025: #2 ya they call 'em # Paling fences sometimes or pickets fences interviewer: ya uh Is there any difference between the two? 025: no There's Palings and pickets {D:what whichever} some people call them one thing, some another ya know. interviewer: When when you're clearing a field you talked to me yesterday about clearing your field you had a lot of rocks or stones probably that 025: Well some people did but we never was bothered with that out here. But now up here by where my wife was raised and over here on down this mountain they'd pick up them rocks and they had rock fences over there it's been there I guess for a hundred years They'd make fences out of them rocks. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: Lord did every time with them up there where she raised they had a big rock fence you know they had all them fences of rocks up there ya know And they'd lay their {X} And uh the rabbits would get in there you know and snakes and things they were dangerous {NS} be careful about it, {D: That old year I uh was trying to this mountain} there's one place over there that's got a lot of them rock fences. But up there where she was raised I think that fence is still there. interviewer: #1 How high is it? # 025: #2 It's a good one. # interviewer: How high did it stand? 025: huh? interviewer: How high did it stand? 025: eh just like any other fence. Four or five feet. interviewer: Is that right? 025: #1 it must have cattle # interviewer: #2 {X} # 025: {D: and nothing more.} interviewer: Some job putting up a fence like that? 025: That'd be something them rocks in there interviewer: Sure. 025: getting them off the field now and the best way to do that is to kill two birds with one rock er ya know and made 'em a fence interviewer: #1 {NS} # 025: #2 {X} # interviewer: Sure, sure 025: {D: They forgot that how fancy's them day} interviewer: ah what does it it put it it in a nest ah to fool a chicken? 025: do what? interviewer: you know, fool a chicken to, most of the time fool, a hen? 025: Well you could get artificial eggs and put them through that one's just get a egg that's you know extra white for them to sit on n' they won't hatch and take some of them if you want the good eggs something to lay in there and level better if there's an egg that goes with the nest egg interviewer: eh ah what 025: Chick-chickens in good luck and lay that one egg and interviewer: What are the artificial ones made of? 025: I don't know I guess there's some of 'em's glass and some of 'em's something else I've seen 'em I don't know if there's any here but I've seen 'em. Some of 'em would get gorge little gorge The chicken wouldn't know the difference and they's just still lay it But if you took all 'em out a lot of times the hen could used to now of course in the houses chickens has to lay wherever they are put. But used to you know, people didn't pen their chicken. They just let them run out and hide in places from the land They'd lay in the barn or wherever. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: And that a way, if you didn't do something a lot of times they'd move their nests somewhere else interviewer: mm-hmm 025: and get to places you wouldn't ever find them 'til they set on with nasty chickens and run off with 'em. interviewer: What kinds of gourds did they use? When they 025: Honest little gourds you know you know {D: punch your gourd-ner} along the fence or some more later one the fence and have some gourds there big gourds, little gourds, and all kinds of gourds. interviewer: Any kinds of called semolina? 025: huh? interviewer: Semolina 025: I never hear- interviewer: Semolina 025: Ah I don't know them little gourds they slow as my I've got a lot of them out there on the fence. I just laid out there and a lot of them rotted there might be some here somewhere But I don't know where they're at. They used to have a big gourd oh some of them hold a gallon or more you can make martin boards out of them you know. Take 'em and put them full big and high on a pole and cut a hole of out 'em and the Martin's would come over in spring and reason we done that Martin's would keep the crows off the crows would catch your chicken off the crow but the but the hawks would catch your chicken {NW} These your What have you lost? interviewer: nothing I though I smelled something burning I just wanted to be sure. 025: I don't reckon I don't flat myself before I do that sometimes. She made me a burn something in there interviewer: oh okay, well that's it ya oh it is, ya that's 025: Let me see if I can got off interviewer: ya that's right 025: cooking stove Yeah {X} interviewer: though i smelled {X} Auxiliary: Ya I burned {X} interviewer: oh well I was just afraid I afraid I I accidentally dropped a match or something eh Auxiliary: heh no interviewer: oh 025: {X} wood stove all I need is one of 'em irons I can get one hundred and eighty dollars for that thing smokes interviewer: uh-huh eight 025: and one of 'em gon' get so bad that I've got it and {X} not satisfied with that smoke and it don't do it every time interviewer: uh-huh 025: Last winter that coal gray get up and get in there and make a fun We'd smoke to beat the dickens. those stove and before that and stove before that I don't know what the matter's with it. She got it day we got it day {D:several} {X} They don't know that they could suck them into flour up there boy that put 'em up He put new pup in it. interviewer: Yeah 025: took a broom cleaned flew out I don't know what to do Now what I found out what makes it {X} don't do that every time you put flour in it. Just sometimes. interviewer: Alright. I see, well maybe it has something to do with the weather. 025: But you take in the winter time and the doors don't shut you can't stand it. interviewer: uh-huh Ah with the uh, uh talking yesterday about the man with the mule and the {D: hod-too} 025: Yeah. interviewer: di- did he also makes those things that you carry water in? or did you buy them? 025: You mean the little kegs? interviewer: Pardon? 025: Some kind of little wooden kegs? interviewer: Yeah. 025: No, I don't guess he ever made them. interviewer: How about the things with handles on them that you'd a ah go to the down to the spring with? 025: Do what? interviewer: What you would go down to the spring to get water? or you 025: You'd use buckets you own. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: Galvanized buckets Aluminum buckets now interviewer: uh-huh #1 But do you? # 025: #2 carry water # now, when used to people would leave little keg's made out of cedar interviewer: uh-huh 025: and kick the whiskey out of 'em and cider Some of 'em would use 'em There'd be a whole gallon on up, maybe five gallons Here's another way to carry water in They'd use 'em to put their whiskey in A lot of people made whiskey back them days. Boys I know when I was a boy made, much younger than me, fellas make cider and had one of them little things and we'd take a tunnels out and wanna get in this keg of cider interviewer: Okay. 025: and keep up with drunk it up and send somebody else after another came. interviewer: {NW} What was keg cider made of? 025: Eh apples. interviewer: Ah yeah 025: just off and work off and make you drunker than a kick of whiskey. interviewer: {NW} is that right? 025: That's the worst drunk you ever got on is cider drunk it was about {D: ketty-ing} interviewer: Is that right? 025: Yeah Where's the whiskey? interviewer: What'd they call bad whiskey? ah uh stuff that's uh 025: Well there's a lot of people you know just there's people that know how to make whiskey and there's people that didn't know how to make whiskey Amanda learned how to make whiskey make it out of corn and good whiskey interviewer: uh-huh 025: Take a man that didn't know how to make whiskey and tell him to make it right quick to dodge the law and just put anything in it. Pity it. Some of it is poison, it'll kill you interviewer: Yeah. 025: he's got a fellow over here he was He was raised here in valley and lived over in North Dakota in Hampton Hollow and the law went in there and got him and if you know they ever known anything about these old ain't worst of the spliced and he duck him two of these old biggies ain't worst dubs fashion 'em together somewhere or another and they I don't know where you've ever hear {D: dilload} or not but the Rollins, the Watkins niece gotten themselves lemon they call it the red lemon you know that stuff's strong as the dickens, it's you got to mix it with water it's good for a lot of things you know We used to use it for bad colds and it's good to doctor your horses with behind the gongs he's put mud in it interviewer: mm-hmm 025: He's put mack red lemon in it to make it hot interviewer: mm-hmm 025: And that's what you'd call that whiskey. And some of 'em will take their whiskey and scorch it They don't know how to make it you know? they don't know how to make it as well in a in a copper outfit. They let in get through hot and scorch it That'll make you sick interviewer: mm-hmm 025: And they'll put some of 'em used to put this ol' legal lye in 'em to make it bead it is {X} interviewer: They put lye? 025: Why? That's illegal {NW} It'll kill rats or anything else them {X} bound, you know. They'd do a lot of things They'd take three They have me have corn now that corn's sprouted ya know They'd take out the corn and put it in the sack and take it to the barns where your horses was and braid up the manure ah heat up the manure and sprout that corn in a few days ya know interviewer: uh-huh 025: And they'd take it to the mill and grind it. and that made the the whiskey work off the beer. They'd first make beer ya know and put that in it. And then they'd work that beer off ya know #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 025: whiskey. I never did see nothing made, I used to drink ice water whiskey but I never do. not about anything good or anything made I've seen a few stills {X} They stuck with 'em. jail out here. interviewer: Yeah. 025: But they made it all with their {D: s'country} interviewer: Did they have a name for the bad stuff though? I mean does Do they ever call it anything in particular? 025: Well I don't know, I guess they did. They'd call it white lightning and this other now nothing interviewer: Those are the kinds of words I was wondering about, if you can think of any other ones. 025: oh you know interviewer: I just want the words that people might use there's a ah expression that I heard ah eh splo, have you ever heard that? 025: uh-uh interviewer: Never heard splo? 025: uh-uh interviewer: I've heard that in Knoxville for the {X} {NW} in radiator 025: Well, there's different kinds of {D: Rockateau} They was good whiskey. you'd take the old timers that used to make whiskey They painted out a corn Now then they put sugar and everything else in it to make it run quick interviewer: mm-hmm 025: They's whiskey been made today in {X} but I don't know who is making it. That's the thing people don't say too much about. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: People will make whiskey are dangerous. If you turn them in Most of the trouble we used to have in here was one bootlegger fighting another. One of 'em would go along and make his whiskey and not sell it to minors and Just don't sell it to everyone that comes along. Some people shrewd enough to let them do that and ah {x} daddy he used to tell them not to big orchards up there and he'd make them apples up ya know and let them go independent and when they'd get to a certain stage and then make apple brandy. And now that was good. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: But he never would say that around. He was he was that big man that comes in places where {X} This fellow over here he'd let boys run the money he always seemed troubled Whenever you go and let minors have whiskey and them a getting drunk and getting yourself into trouble Law'll get you quick interviewer: Yeah 025: But one thing of these bootleggers They'd fight one another One of them would getting a little better than the other one but The law stuck pretty close on that There used to be dozens in here During World War one it was socked whiskey's made in {X} no briar's about it My granddad owned a lot of land apparent of course he never say nothing about it you know looked up those apples up there and the cattle and holes up there on the side of that mountain I'd raid better apples like on the mountains better apples and go there and do that interviewer: mm-hmm 025: And Ferris Lee I've known his land {X} making liquor Of course my granddad did nothing loved in it the hood and making it settlers that were living on his land was making port of it #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 025: Later because the buff whiskey run 'em later and now you could see where they were furnaces had been ya know interviewer: mm-hmm Did they ever have a place oh back around WWI where you would go off and you would put your money down and you would never see anybody and they'd put the 025: Well people would work that interviewer: Is there a name for a thing like that? 025: Now I don't know where there's a name for it now I had an ol' {X} drunk up all this land down through here interviewer: {NW} 025: Cascades and there's a fellow right back of that mountain over there made liquor and ah this old man he knew my uncle he had a whole lot of land he didn't have any children known hate, so what was made was made to him and his wife and then a third of it went back to the {D: Crowston Federation} interviewer: uh-huh 025: And he could sell it and make quick claim files for it you know as long as he lived. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: All this cascades down through here where you come in interviewer: Yeah true 025: You come to know he sold He drunk that all up of this farm of A-J King's right above it Plum on up until you get to this road turns off and a lot of that turns off a way that way. and but he drunk that all up down there interviewer: mm-hmm 025: And this old man had taken over and put it in holler tree. And then my uncle living over there put the mud {NS} {X} saying He'd put the money in that tree and he'd told that old tree knocks interviewer: {NW} 025: And then say they'd get down there and often Joe didn't have any whiskey and said go back now or Doug said he had plenty of it I said where did you get this so quick uncle Joe? and by god he said I got it at Knox interviewer: {NW} 025: Oh what tree? Knox interviewer: {NW} 025: He broke up a {X} through piece of portion of land now. interviewer: Is that right? 025: And there ain't any children you know. Just him and his wife and they used to He's just a drunk. But now he had good whiskey See they made good whiskey None of them made the best you know Mrs. Pearl they made the best whiskey And then there's Berry Latimore He still lives. He's old on {X}} He'd make good whiskey. There used to be a bunch of paddies over here that would make good whiskey. They called it corn whiskey. Them fellas from cage cool used to make good whiskey. Best place to get raw drunk come from Cage cousins. interviewer: What did it cost for a gallon? 025: Well different price than it used to, way back when you could get it four or five dollars a gallon I don't know what it is now. interviewer: {NW} 025: Just depends, some'll seller sell it to you cheaper than others. interviewer: #1 Basically # 025: #2 Get alright # gallons if you get if for two or three dollars. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: Well and I don't know. interviewer: It's white and it isn't it has no color 025: It's white whiskey. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: Moonshine. We called it. interviewer: yep. 025: Is there whiskey? I'd rather have it down the sheriff Mungun's whiskey. This bonded whiskey doesn't taste like whiskey. Tastes like some {D: drumass} to me. It's for 'em to make you drunk all right. You gon' get drunk. I'm wanting to get drunk I was drunk past dawn. interviewer: eh 025: But it ain't good. it ain't like our old whiskey I've come through Georgia one time down there and I went in there and I was surprised because I've never been whiskey store. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: Me and my son went other there and I said ah I want to stop in down there. And I know to stare down through there and you know they look nobody. You never did see no card hanging around there. You said whiskey store never know crowd {X} How many of her got talking to that man {X} He talked to 'em and explained it and showed 'em what kind of whiskey was what. Now I said I am used to moonshine I said what have you got here that would be the next thing to moonshine. He said right here's some whiskey. It's made right here in Georgia. interviewer: okay 025: I bought two carts of it. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: And it was, it was more like our moonshine. interviewer: Do you remember what it was called? 025: huh? interviewer: Do you re-you don't remember the name of it? 025: I don't worries about you know there's plenty all down through North Carolina you know and in Georgia there's whiskey stores every little ways. interviewer: {NW} 025: They'll be one off the that catches traffic going down and they'll be another on the other side to catch it coming up. interviewer: Was it white? the stuff. 025: It was white whiskey just just made in Georgia. Mine showed that it was made in a Georgia in a distillery in Georgia. Now It was now he says now this was the next thing to your moonshine whiskey. interviewer: {NW} 025: It won the heart {X} regular bonded colored whiskey. interviewer: {NW} 025: {NS} back in the old days everybody nearly made whiskey they used it for medicine you know You in {X} my grandpa said in the old days they would get drunk interviewer: uh-huh 025: They just made it for their own use. and drunk it. Thought it would help them when I guess it did. had to even bunker the horses with it when they took to calling and used it for snake bites, or anything. Whiskey good for anything back in them old days they used it for everything. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: {D: jemels want to run a nole} They take that whiskey and scorch it somewhere or another over the stove. Maybe that'll stop your bowels from running. Took a bad cold or the flu {D: or some perdenintal flu} and it just had bad colds and the grip {NW} interviewer: mm-hmm 025: I didn't drink whiskey for that and then claim them the cure. I haven't been to been I don't know, I used to take a lot of it. I'd call the {D: cheb} Take a cold I'd call {D: Polack}. I'd go out here and jade would give me some {NW} had to buy any. I had a politician out there that I would stood behind He'd give me a long court every once in a while of whiskey and I'd take it and get a box of rock candy and put it in that you know not your best couple to smell after ten interviewer: Is that {NW} 025: If it'd do more for you I'd get medicine once time a year as building this road and I reckon the dust done it. resolve myself today. And I went to different doctors I found out last year the doctor that {X} you're allergic to something out here. He said this I said what would it be and He said it could be different things. He said that could've he mentioned dust and I said that's what it is I said that air's coming right out of the West and I said you could write your name with your finger on them chairs and on the wall out there. And I stayed that way and colt I have set up the night. I mean just getting to bed and sit up and sleep and afraid to lay down I'm gonna cough and when it went to raining and stop that dust I'd end up alright. never have I been bothered with it anymore. I had a harsh stack of colds you know. interviewer: How much eh how much rock candy did you put in the fort? 025: oh well there's just a few ounces little box about so long you know interviewer: And that would stop the coughing now? 025: All heading every morning and got the medicine I got the syrups and different kinds and even go to the store and get their syrups, and they just didn't have the benefit but that rock candy would help me. interviewer: Did you ever make that preparation? uh with uh {D: seefer} horses? 025: uh-huh interviewer: Did you ever see them do that for horses? 025: What? interviewer: Uh, use whiskey for #1 horses? # 025: #2 huh? # I heard talk about pouring whiskey in the horse and {X} you know horses take colic from eating too much #1 go work # interviewer: #2 what's the feed? # 025: They'll pour it in the well at the bottom and now a horse is a mean thing to drain {X} drinks cow but horses, I've drenched them it's a hard thing to do. got to get up on the fence or up and away get in a van or a car or something where you can get up and get that horse strangle you to death you know get his head up way up yonder you know and get somebody to hold it there and pour it in out of a long cork bottle man its danger interviewer: uh-huh 025: throw he's all about that bottleneck often for that glass interviewer: yeah 025: but that's all you can use. They're so long-necked. interviewer: #1 Yeah, sure # 025: #2 bottle # I got to taking in I got me some long corked bottles {X} and put a cut a piece of bicycle tube off and interviewer: Yeah that's a good idea. 025: And the put 'em in so much danger interviewer: Alright. 025: but I've used that just on a bottleneck cows you know something to get them every lamb interviewer: uh-huh 025: Help to pull something out. interviewer: you pull a whole court down? 025: Yeah interviewer: and that's called drenching? 025: Well I don't have much whiskey now I don't remember now I never did pour a whiskey in my {D: pearden} tell 'em that {D: pellars that pellars that} tell 'em that poor horse interviewer: Forcing fluids into an animal like that whatever it is, is called drenching #1 I never heard that, you taught me something I'll say it # 025: #2 I have {X} # There's things you can't drench I had some holes one time that got closed on a couple acres down here interviewer: mm-hmm 025: and I didn't want to know about it son of knocked I got to commit but this fellas been working here for me you know and have lived here for twenty years or more with me and he's an awful doctor, Dr. Hall or something I forget what it was now but a poured animal wasn't that many that he poured stuff in They'd die interviewer: mm-hmm 025: so I got the bat and he can wear it on Sunday evenings He got the hunting to see what it was and I found out what it was It was cocoa butter. {X} and he said don't never drench a hog he said, or a dog He said if you drench a hog or a dog He said, you'll strangle them to death every time. So don't never do that and I said I got them hogs out he said get them out of this life. that old sound rude to that get on him and out in the summer and then it would come a-raining these cockabirds would just come up the devil I didn't even know you could poison them I'd heard that but he said you had to have a cockabird to poison interviewer: mm-hmm 025: {X} to do for them hogs He said you can do it just as good as I can I said you get you some Epsom salts and said take a big spoon and he said you can get duck mouth, hog's mouth open and said you take that big spoon and stick it back in there and I guess where you can stick it and then turn the spoon over. He said they won't put in back interviewer: mm-hmm 025: He said that works on their kidneys and he said that's the only way you can get that poison out of 'em I kept 'em out there in the barn for two or three days and they finally got they can get up. but when I'd pull that I'd give them that two or three times a day and they'd just lay their you know piss and just {X} I was working all their kidneys interviewer: sure. 025: to get the poison out of them that's what he said to do only way you could do it was through their kidneys interviewer: Sure. That makes sense. uh when you feed the hog what did you uh um you had an you had an old bucket that had got kinda black on the bottom and what might and uh you might use that to feed the hogs? 025: Well I'd be all your slop buckets you know I guess the best thing you can do is get these here five young paint cans and then maybe {X} to all carry a whole lot in and then you had troughs you know and you could make troughs and you make 'em like that you know and they stop at both ends pour that slop in then interviewer: uh-huh 025: and then troughs you could make your slop people would get bran and this tankage and other stuff and mix it all up together you know and let it sour {NS} make slop fertile interviewer: What is a tankage? uh uh they uh What was the is was now you mentioned it in all farms dis they have a consistency? was it more of a liquid? Or was it? Was it all? 025: It was them interviewer: Them? 025: It was made out of bone. Somethings like that and just a few stuff from the packing house. for it wouldn't much for new stuff I wouldn't ever one time tuck some bottles in there Negra out there running them in the shoe I was helping him when I said what are you doing with the waste on Mary's heart she said "What?" and I said, "What are you doing waste?" I said, "We have to make way of the cats and all hair and all that cat He's been keeping me so {D: daint} so nothing's lost chair He said there ain't nothing lost but the {X} on the trying to save it interviewer: {NW} 025: It's what that had her into something you know {NS} and prove his lamb and island dock or those That told me this is sacks He lived down there. To this this cattle got to by And this fellow's cattle got to die And he said {X} said he couldn't find one another way and said there's one dead and said because he loped them and see what was the matter with it and it was eating that hog hair interviewer: Oh 025: Kill 'em and stop in this kill 'em interviewer: uh-huh 025: And he just went and got it to truck logs you know and thought it would you know richen his land interviewer: uh-huh 025: killed his hogs. interviewer: I see, yeah. 025: and cattle, killed his cattle interviewer: to top it all off 025: yeah my hair up in here's stuck interviewer: What kind of things do you uh did ya uh you have for uh um for cooking? what kinds of uh utensils and pots and pans and things? 025: Ah skillet, iron skillets. big ol' kettles that would hold a gallon or two. interviewer: How those things are 025: lay it on them. and place them in the kitchen and around the fireplace slide a rod across there. hide them kettles fitting ham there on the hook and hang them right over the fire. if we didn't want to cook 'em on the stove just cook 'em over there with the fire in these big ol' iron kettles ain't some like sure he is interviewer: uh did ah did you ah something like ah uh something like a skillet with uh legs on it that you put in down in the fireplace? 025: the oven? I mean the oven that's what people would cut and put there and put that on the coals you know and that porch right there had four legs on it and ah I don't have to go over it people would bake their potatoes anything more than doing that it just would just sit here over the coals interviewer: Did it have a handle on it too? 025: It had little handles like a washer kettle you know stick your fingers in {D:} tongues they had tongues you know you didn't have to take your finger they had tongues that just plug in there you know and got them in there where you wanted to and then the lid it had a handle on the top of it you got take a rag or something and take that up interviewer: Did you call that bar in the fireplace anything? 025: I don't know what to call it but all of this one they made and there used to be one in yonder that and there's one in their that and the kitchen we tore down and had it up our furnace you know we could just hook these kettles on that and cook your beans or whatever you want to of course most people use their side cook stove a lot of people thought that bread baked in this oven down here on the farm was a lot better than it was made in the stove and I guess it was people just have their ways you know interviewer: How about those great big things you use when you're slaughtering hogs? 025: Well, they're eh steel barrels make sixty gallon wooden barrels. settle in then you know and you can put a hog in there and put some blank out here and back it up against something heat your water in a big horse kettle {NS} pour it in that there and get them to certain people that know how tell 'em just how hot to get it if you got it too hot the higher satin and come on it'll get it hot enough you just know how to get it hot. interviewer: Yeah. 025: You can stick them hogs in there and turn 'em over if you times and then change them and stick the other end in there a few times interviewer: mm-hmm 025: and ah you just pull up and take a look or nothing and just scrape that hair off interviewer: I see. That was boiling that, using that hot water, that was just for uh, just to take the hair off? 025: Yeah that was all My dad These fellows here they got to killing hogs for the public in the last few years. and uh people quit killing their own hogs and would just take 'em to them. They would do it so much quicker and much easier and they didn't charge you. They'd come and kill your hogs and take 'em over there and dress 'em and cut them up and bring them back for five dollars. You couldn't get help in to do that you know. And they had something like a bathtub only a whole lot bigger a bathtub or something just like a bathtub only like it was a big ol' arm trunk interviewer: mm-hmm 025: and then they'd put the hogs in that They had the thermometer They could tell just the point of heat to get the hogs They'd kill them's clean most the time's random interviewer: Um did you um ah when you saw a rogue hog would you shoot 'em? 025: yeah, sometimes if you had a gun, if you didn't have a gun you took a ax or a steak hammer or something and knock 'em in the head, all shop, and a lot of times that would join the shooters and go play on the end of their shows They'd take long range man short-rangers of course we go into their shows everybody made the show a real big saucy jam {X} interviewer: The only duty is to slaughter a hog about once a year? or it was more than that? 025: Well in the family we used to could slaughter them in the summer time but {X} we knew all the slaughter through the following year November and December are the best years to slaughter hogs and a lot of times people are out some while I'm out and {D: destin} colds get a few cold nights on me it wouldn't spoil. And sometimes we'd have some awful cold weather in March and we'd always have us one or two to make sausage out of it ya know. Then there's a spring in the air. maybe more Then I'd keep hogs and kill them all until the summer and take them to these here supermarkets, of course they had places to put them you know interviewer: Did had you make anything other than uh, you said you mentioned sausage did you ah did you ever make anything uh with uh uh uh grinding up the meat from the head of the hog? 025: uh sounds meat That's good. #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 how was that # 025: hat grind it all up there and run it through something and then the sausage melts grind it up and that is good I kept thy hap it's real good killing hogs they just send it down here and the grocery stores buy it but it wasn't as good as they used to buy it interviewer: Did you make anything with the liver? of the hog 025: we eat the liver interviewer: Pardon? 025: Most people eat the liver. interviewer: Do they ever grind it up? and make a kind of sausage? 025: There are people who would, crank it you, i think so {X} I don't know what it was {X} or something. interviewer: Did anybody ever? 025: it was good it was good eating It had a lot of iron in it. interviewer: Liver loaf? how was that prepared do you know? 025: I don't know someone else could tell you I don't know enough about what that interviewer: Did you ever ah Did anybody around ever make anything with the blood from the animals? 025: toss the blood interviewer: uh...what? 025: lost the blood interviewer: yeah 025: Shoot a hog and then you stuck in right in the throat. wicker nap went down between his front legs and {NW} and that was it. Hog didn't bleed good did the blood on a big side of it interviewer: uh-huh There were never any people around in the neighborhood or around who um ah who ah used the blood right? 025: no, I don't hear nothing about that interviewer: Where there any German ah Germans in this area? 025: Yeah there's some farming Germans here. out here on the late and the they've property here in Nevada There's a man that lived there that came from Michigan or somewhere him and his boy, his grandson works for him up here They're doing a little {D: demib} over here that's the friends section and ah His wife's a full German but the man's an American I reckon he got here over there and then he work a whole 'nother star interviewer: none of the old settlers though? 025: Oh no German blood {X} interviewer: Mostly Scotts, Irish? 025: huh? interviewer: Mostly Scott-Irish? 025: ah-huh yes different things like that. but there's no German, natural born German. interviewer: No I didn't mean, I just meant you know there ah 025: That's the only German I know of The woman. I knew she's got a sister that out across the mountain down Lowell's creek somebody like that, they're German I reckon one of them {X} is in the army got 'em. Some of 'em come back with Japs and one boy down here that subs her rear without a full blood Jap I'm married I learn England I'm My wife's got a nephew married to a girl in England he brung 'em back here Don't reckon any of them ever bring any niggers back with 'em but this one of them hadn't {NW} interviewer: um they um you talked about that that uh oven that was used did they ever use that for making bread? 025: Yeah interviewer: Is that not what different kinds of bread did ah uh your mother used to make or your wife make? 025: uh Big bread, cornbread interviewer: Ah was there um was the um ah ah how was the corn bread prepared? 025: make it and put it in the you got a big oven here on for cooking a ramp you didn't just put it in the pan any size pan you wanted and put it in the stove take a cat a corner meal and see if they of course now they you know sift in me let's roll and through the mills you know from the old corn mill you had to sift it interviewer: mm-hmm 025: Just make it up make the pans out of it and cut it up any way you wanted to interviewer: Ever made like two kind of 025: loafs you call them or something? yeah I've seen my grandmother do that more often now though we don't cook much bread now, don't like we used to me and her she was just making a small pan and I could pop in or something, I can interviewer: I just wanted 025: you stay when you had work and you just take a big ol' pan you know like to make light of it I used to have a lot of farming and feeing a lot of men some of them something could eat Take a big pan with all of that bread maybe two of them interviewer: ah-huh When when they made it like in these uh in these loaves I wonder if they called them anything other than loaves. 025: I don't reckon they just cornbread interviewer: How about pones? 025: I heard 'em called that and the first light bread I ever hear called pones is light bread interviewer: alright. 025: First have right here there you know and that was the first white bread we ever got you know it was never sliced or nothing like that, people used to make their own white bread women made better bread giving back than this snow hell get yeast you know at the store some where or another and make that bread rise and i made a lot of them First bread that we ever bought you know was soft interviewer: What would you call that brad as opposed to uh you would call that home-made bread what what would you call that you'd call that instead of home-made bread? 025: What? interviewer: The bread that you got in the store? 025: ah, some people called it bum bread and some called it one thing or another and some called it loaf bread interviewer: say bum bread? 025: bum, I hear it called bum bread interviewer: {NW} 025: when it cold when you got it yeah interviewer: {NW} That good, I never heard that before. 025: "people you story and you in have it" people may even go out or somewhere else and find some of that interviewer: Sure. 025: I don't know I hear them call it different things bump bum bread. I don't know what they wore they got the bum of the bum bread. interviewer: Did ah was there was any uh other kind of uh corn maybe just something made with corn meal, salt and water? 025: Yeah people used to make mush that way. I don't do you? people used to help make hominy They'd take this uh corn meal and grind it right coarse you know and make hominy it was good and on the other way they used to take the old corn kernels and they'd take and ah you'd lie or something and another to cut that ah husk it was awful you had to take that hickory thorn {X} grain interviewer: uh-huh 025: They make {D: kapaloptic} bows yeah {D: goven} hail like it's good just like gloven by you need hominy lotion interviewer: Sure. 025: Playing safe with the mild interviewer: Do you call it the same thing if it's ground up? The uh the uh #1 hominy? # 025: #2 {X} # There's all hominy That and and the and the kernel is hominy but they grind it right coarse you know and that is hominy, that is that was good. interviewer: Yeah. 025: You know they call it grits now it's the same stuff that you buy for grits. We buy it and get grits interviewer: said to call that hominy though? until you 025: We called it hominy interviewer: Oh, they're all hominy? 025: Yeah. Kids glad we had no watermelon there and not the old watermelon people would come in there anymore and then {D: Ecker} had a bushel ground in the hominy. interviewer: eh ah Did you mother ever make ah or your your grandma or ever make any kind of uh of uh ah any kind of cornbread that ah she would before she would make ah she would make it before the fire may or put in or put it in the ashes of the fire? Wrap up a piece of cloth around it? 025: Um, do our {D: stakers} that way. interviewer: What's that? 025: I've seen 'em do our {D: stakers} that a-way. interviewer: Alright 025: I don't know that I've ever seen 'em do bread I remember hearing 'em My granddad and them talk about sometimes Red and olden might tell you what that is They called in snow bread or something. But they've never done much exact to the lab His mother can make it. He never did get much success out of that Maybe she can tell you about how that ah snow bread was made. Some way they put snow on it so interviewer: Snow bread? 025: Called it snow bread. interviewer: Was that made with cornmeal? 025: Yeah. But I don't know how it was done. Now interviewer: I'll ask about that. 025: His mother. interviewer: Huh? 025: I guess my granddad's mother used to make it that-a-way. and now used to they would put our standards on sweet potatoes. That'd never cover 'em up but with anything. They just put 'em in the pot and roast them. interviewer: mm-hmm 025: It's a matter if a lot of people caught that-a-way. Take sweet potatoes and cover 'em up in hot ashes. interviewer: Yeah. 025: and peel it interviewer: Did they ever take some corn meal and kind of roll it up in a ball and then and and boil it with greens? 025: I don't know if ever I've seen that, no. Captain now you getting on to the cooking and I don't know much about it. interviewer: Did you have anything you called corn dodgers? 025: Well, yeah. but a corn dodger was just just like used to, people called all kinds of cornbread corn dodgers, interviewer: I see. How about a big piece and you take the skillet and just cover that whole skillet with it an make it about with corn meal batter about that big and make it about oh 025: I guess that's what they called a corn dodger. I heard of corn dodger all my life. It's just a dodger of cornbread. That's that's pretty common you know. People talk about corn dodger. interviewer: Ah-huh. 025: everybody knows what a corn dodger is You don't have to say bread. It's a corn dodger. interviewer: How about something that day to day skillet did they ever call it a hoe cake? 025: Yeah. interviewer: Was that something done? 025: I don't know just what I think hoecake's made out of, cornmeal I assume. I hear about hoecake and I think that's just I think that that was just cornmeal you know. I don't know whether there was any difference between that corn cake and what's something else in it Said they called it hoecake instead of cornbread and it was all about the same bun interviewer: And never wrote what the cornmeal and a little um it had kind of little balls and fry it with fish? 025: Yeah. I don't know what that was called. My wife still fries a whole lot of cornbread and it's you know just me and her interviewer: uh-huh 025: She'll make it out in little cakes and it seems like it's a whole lot better than just the regular I don't know how she does that bread off again. interviewer: I see. 025: I used to make uh little pans you still you have western sale property'll serve 'em to you interviewer: mm-hmm 025: and ah greased here or something and uh these little pans in the whole maybe it does you all big cat and they call them corn muffins but I don't know the difference between corn muffins and cornbread they there was a difference They were just better than corn had pans and the little place where you had them you just put them in you know interviewer: How's that going to hush have you ever heard of those things called hushpuppies? 025: Well I heard them hushpuppies but I don't really know how they are made.