040: Have you not seen the paper last week {X}? {X} Aux: Well {X} 040: Going to the summer. interviewer: alright first uh I've tried to make some uh information about you um uh and some pronunciations could you just give me the date first? Today is 040: #1 Wednesday . # interviewer: #2 Today. # 040: June ninth. Nineteen seventy-one. interviewer: Alright and then name of this community? 040: Sweetwater. interviewer: And #1 the county? # 040: #2 Tennessee. # Monroe. interviewer: Alright. And your full name? 040: {B} interviewer: And your address? 040: {B} interviewer: And your place of birth. 040: Sweetwater. interviewer: Okay. And oh is there a- what is the zip- the zip code here? 040: Three seven eight seven four. interviewer: Okay. And your age? 040: Thirty-eight. interviewer: And re- a religion? 040: Baptist. Southern Baptist. interviewer: And you're occupation? 040: Assistant reporter. interviewer: Okay. And your formal education? 040: High school. interviewer: Well what where the names of the schools that were there? Are there two high schools in- 040: No just one in Sweetwater. {X} High School. interviewer: Well who are the- I saw Sweetwater What's the name of the Sweetwater hi-? 040: Wildcats. interviewer: Wildcats and what is Athens? Are they the Cherokees? 040: Cherokees. interviewer: That's what it is because I- I came- I came from Athens on my way up here and I thought there must be two high schools and- 040: No just uh. Did they have anything on the bulletin board out in front of the motel down there yet? interviewer: No it just says uh June is national berry month. 040: It's supposed we're having a class reunion down there Saturday night. interviewer: Is that right? Oh that's fine. Uh. Look what uh what year did you uh did you uh did you- you went to the same elementary school all the way through? 040: Yes. {D} Elementary. interviewer: Okay and they- and what year did you graduate? 040: From high school? interviewer: From elementary school? 040: Forty Six I guess interviewer: Okay and then high school? 040: Fifty-one. interviewer: Okay. Um. Now. What uh {D: you were in} This is just to get some ideas of kinds of people you um uh uh you work with and associate with. Get some idea of your you know the social uh your social context um In addition to the people at- at City Hall are there any other- cuz I suppose you meet just about every variety of 040: Well we meet most everybody in town. interviewer: And how bout your- your close friends who are they um um 040: I would say middle-class people. interviewer: And people from Sweetwater? 040: Most all of them are from this vicinity. interviewer: What do they call people from Sweetwater? Do they have a name like Floridians or are #1 the called Sweetwaterians? # 040: #2 No just Sweetwaters. # interviewer: Sweetwaters #1 Okay. # 040: #2 {NW} # interviewer: And your church I 040: First Baptist. interviewer: First Baptist. And do you belong to any clubs? 040: No just the PTA. interviewer: And how bout tra- have you traveled much out of uh 040: Uh no I've traveled to Florida and Texas and Chicago and Washington. interviewer: What's the longest time you've been out of uh say you've been out of- out of town? Or away from- from home? Aux: {D: A week at a time} 040: Oh about a week. Ten #1 days. # interviewer: #2 {X}. # Okay and uh you never lived- you never lived anyplace 040: No. interviewer: Well that's- that's fine I- I interviewed a- I interviewed a man in- in uh in Aliston Alabama I told you I went with {NW} and I got through the whole interview and I found that he was out he- that he had been away for about thirty years. 040: {NW} You know and it really that- that really No I was raised about two blocks up the #1 hill. # interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Oh you're a- you're a fine uh uh uh representative of a native {X} Now how bout your mother's place of birth? 040: She was born in Miller city. interviewer: That's where uh- That's where mr {D: Pedison} was born. 040: Is that right? interviewer: Yeah. 040: I didn't know. interviewer: And your father's place of birth? 040: Sweetwater. No near Sweetwater. Aux: Well now he's from {D: Mell} but he was raised here. 040: Moved here shortly after. interviewer: Mell is between here and Athens isn't it? um and how bout your parents' education? 040: My mother's eight-grade graduate and my father was fifth grade. interviewer: Alright and uh your father's occupation? 040: He was a maintenance man. Carpenter. interviewer: Okay and your mother- your mother worked? 040: She was cafeteria. interviewer: Okay. Aux: High school I mean school. 040: School cafeteria. interviewer: Uh-huh. Now um your maternal- your- your maternal grandparents where were they born? 040: They were- they lived in Athens. interviewer: Uh-huh. Aux: Papa was going to pass on and uh grandmama says to my mother from {X} Tennessee. 040: That's near Chattanooga. Aux: Past a little- just a little crooked road {X} Bout six miles outside of Clayton. interviewer: And- and how bout their- their- their uh earlier ancestors and great grandparents were they from uh Aux: {D: Well they're off if you could uh} interviewer: As far back as you know Aux: {D: As far back as I know} interviewer: You got no recollection of their- of when they came to the- when they- when they came to this country that's Aux: No. you know interviewer: No? Aux: Grandpa was a {B} And my grandmother was a {B} interviewer: That's very hard for me to- to imagine see because all the people that I grew up with were either just about second generation my- my grandparents were born Europe and um they um uh Everybody is uh- is second or third generation But all {D: first interview} that I interview in the South you know. 040: And now if you'll read in the Sweetwater {X} History which we told you about {X} 'til somebody decided they wanted to disappear. But my grandfather on my father's side is listed in there. under {B} interviewer: What is your uh- what is your uh My maiden name was {B} Now. And how bout your- your grand your grandparents have any formal education? Aux: Yes Grandpa Sully was a preacher. And papa was a- a {X} performer {D: in Reno}. interviewer: Okay and your- how bout your uh paternal grandparents? 040: No I don't know what my grandfather did for a living uh Aux: Your grandpa? 040: Uh-huh. Daddy. Daddy. Aux: Daddy- daddy was the Methodist preacher. {NS} We are Baptist. interviewer: Okay. Now um Is your husband deceased? 040: Yes. interviewer: {X} Was he a native of- of Sweetwater? 040: Yes he was raised right down here at the {X}. This was on his land. interviewer: And Baptist? 040: Yes he was. interviewer: And education? 040: High school with some training in interviewer: #1 refrigeration. # 040: #2 What- what was # interviewer: uh and his ancestors also uh- 040: Yes they were born out about {D: Paint Rock} which is about fifteen twenty miles from here. interviewer: And what his occupation? 040: He was a draftsman {D: lace} draftsman. interviewer: Now um could you just give me {D: the view} would be terrific of this a- a brief community sketch just how would you describe um um Sweetwater? I can get- I can get most of this. But just talk a little bit about Sweetwater about the the his- you know the his- the the social composition the history and so forth it's just to get a little um 040: Well I'd say for the major part uh the people in Sweetwater are made up of a middle-class income. We have a few who are quite wealthy and we have some who are quite poor but for the most part the people in Sweetwater are Middle-class people. Day-laborers. A lot of the people work out of town because of lack of industry here. We're a farming community more or less raising tobacco mostly. interviewer: What about the um is uh mr um {B} mentioned a um a woolen mill is that- was that here at Sweetwater? 040: That was the major industry at one time was the woolen mill interviewer: {D: Interesting} how when did that? 040: It's been down for might say twenty-five years or longer. interviewer: And the uh ind- 040: Longer than that no it's been down thirty years. interviewer: And I- I- I heard on the Sweetwater um radio station or one of the Sweetwater radio stations when I was coming into town there was a they were talking about social security and giving information about uh disability checks and they were talking about about black- uh black lung disease. Is there a lot of coal mining that- How close is it? 040: No we're not close to coal mining. interviewer: I see. 040: We have a {D: bear-teeth} mining. Aux: We did have one {X} 040: Bear teeth? Aux: Uh-huh. 040: Yes. Aux: {B} {X}. 040: No we had it {D: Why did I just throw out the Sunday? We ain't got big bear teeth mama}. Aux: I thought- I thought he was in this here concrete business. 040: No ab {B} {B} But we're- {D: Bear-teeth} is the biggest natural- interviewer: What is that? {NW} 040: It's a rock ore. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: And what they make with it I don't know. But the {B} people here in Sweetwater people by the name of {B} have owned this. mr {B} became quite wealthy at it and then his son next door neighbor up here is uh taken over the #1 business. # interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # I see. And uh is there uh What about the- the most of the- the uh the biggest sale crop is tobacco you said? 040: Uh yes. For profit it's a {D: Weir} cattle raisers. {D: Berry} cattle mostly. interviewer: Um most of the farms small or are there #1 essentially large? # 040: #2 No we have # some uh quite large farms. Some people who uh work at farming and that's all. Overseer. In the farming business. interviewer: I see. But it is today it's a Saturday and then the principle that industry there right now is agriculture as far as the um the most- say most of the people? 040: We have uh the vast in manufacturing which is a metal interviewer: Mm-hmm. 040: industry which is quite large. interviewer: The population seems quite if I read that right it uh only City Hall is the only thing {X} gradually larger it isn't near as in declining is it? 040: Yes it has declined. Uh. From nineteen-fifty to nineteen sixty it did go down. Bout- bout fifty something. Then from sixty to seventy it increased. But we annexed some territory. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: Which made the increase. interviewer: Was Sweetwater at one time as big as Athens? 040: No. interviewer: It never was- 040: No never was quite as big but Athens has expanded quite rapidly. interviewer: They have a col- a college there. 040: They have a college and quite a few industries. Aux: We have T-M-I too. 040: We have a prep school. interviewer: Uh-huh. Yes uh Tennessee Military Academy I saw that. #1 Is that - # 040: #2 {X} # interviewer: does that draw students from a large area? 040: Now they have students from most every state in the Union. interviewer: I started off teaching at a military academy. Aux: Oh really? interviewer: {D: Morty Far} and she taught my son there for two years. Aux: {X} 040: Well {D: Shneld} Industry I guess employs quite a few people but the place {X} they {D: scale you too high} Aux: {X} 040: Yeah we have poultry now. interviewer: Now I'll just- We'll start with some of these um uh uh {X} as i said it's just a matter mainly a matter of of pronunciation and vocabulary choice if you if you don't have rain for a long period of time what would you call that? 040: I'd say a drought. interviewer: Okay. Uh Now would a drought be a long or short duration? How how What would it uh If you just don't have rain for a while what would you call that? say you don't have rain for a couple weeks. 040: I'd say it's a dry spell. interviewer: Okay. Now when would it be a drought? What would make it a drought? 040: I would say a drought would have to be as long as four five weeks. interviewer: And and what what is the uh um just in terms of time you say in terms of time four or five weeks. 040: I may be doing without water. interviewer: Yeah yeah yeah but it's water if you associate it with anything else. A drought I mean uh just. 040: No I wouldn't s- {B} interviewer: Let's talk about it in terms of the crops you know you could say that that you know {X} He said about the same amount of time but he said that's how long it takes to kill most of the kinds of crops. 040: Oh well yes any vegetation will have to have water. interviewer: Now if you had a a- a heavy rain of short duration just started to rain terrifically um and and uh just for a short period of time what would you call that? 040: Well I'd- Sometimes we refer to them as cloudbursts. interviewer: Yeah. Okay now. How bout if it has uh if there's a thunder and lightning? 040: Oh we call 'em storms interviewer: Okay. Um Now there another thing in there there are some verb forms I just wanna get the principal parts of verbs now. Uh. Let's talk about the wind {NW} I ask you uh Did it what hard? Did it- 040: Blow? interviewer: Yeah. You say yes it really- 040: Blew. interviewer: Yeah. And it has- But it has even harder than this it has- 040: Blown. interviewer: Uh Now the wind is coming from the direction of of um of uh Athens let's say, say the wind's coming from the 040: Southwest? interviewer: Okay. And if it's coming from the uh Uh Um more from the the Dock town Tennessee. 040: Well the Dock Town is more southeast. interviewer: Yeah. Now would you call that d-do you use terms like uh any special terms for for winds from other directions? 040: Uh no I don't but I'm sure that some of the older generation would interviewer: How bout the wind- how bout a wind coming from the- from the areas in the vicinity of Chatta- or from the city of Uh St. Johnson City? If the winds coming from 040: The northern wind? interviewer: Okay. Now But how bout with east and west? say it's coming from 040: No I wouldn't I'd just say the wind's blowing from the west or blowing from the east. interviewer: Okay. But you- just speaking of it in terms of direction you'd say Johnson City is where from here? 040: Northeast. interviewer: And Louisville Kentucky is 040: It's north. Isn't it? interviewer: Yeah north but north? 040: East. interviewer: Perfect. I don't know how you all mix up certain direction {X} 040: Northwest. interviewer: Yeah. 040: Northwest I'd say. Or- interviewer: Okay. Uh if it's just raining a little bit um um Just a very slight rain but- 040: It's a drizzle. {NW} interviewer: Okay. Now is there anything that- what uh between uh uh any any vari- vari- variation there between the drizzle and going up to a cloudburst? 040: Well we have a good steady rain. interviewer: Okay. Uh. Anything slighter than a drizzle? 040: A mist. interviewer: Alright. Now if you look out the window and some day and can hardly see across the street but it's not raining. uh What would you call that? 040: It's foggy. interviewer: Okay. And you call that substance? 040: Fog. interviewer: Okay. Uh If it has- if the wind hasn't been blowing and suddenly it begins you might say the wind is 040: I don't know what you're- interviewer: Alright. Well the wind hasn't been blowing the wind isn't blowing then suddenly the wind- 040: Is getting up? interviewer: Okay that's that's fine. And if it's been blowing hard and then um it uh 040: It's laying. interviewer: It's stops then what do you say? 040: We're- it's laying. The wind's laying. interviewer: Okay. Good that's just the sort of If uh and a uh a fall day you go outside and say I'd better put on a sweater because it's this morning it's 040: It's cool. interviewer: Okay. Uh you look out the window early in the morning in the Fall and you see some white stuff on the ground but it hasn't snowed? 040: Frost. interviewer: Alright. And talking about the the water in the- in the pond um say the water in the pond dropped down to almost zero last night the water in the pond. 040: Is muddy? interviewer: Yeah but it got cold dropped down to about zero so the water? 040: Is frozen? interviewer: Yeah huh. But if you were just talking about {D: glace something} but the water last night. 040: The water froze. interviewer: Yeah. Uh. And if it um if it gets down to uh if it suddenly drops down below um thirty-two degrees um you'd call that- what would you call that? 040: Freezing. interviewer: Alright. Now do you make a distinction the different kinds of- of freezing weather? 040: Well yes we talk about the uh colder weather more I would say uh I don't know how we would refer to it except that it's interviewer: I was thinking about terms like a killing frost or a hard freeze if those are those words- 040: Yes we do have a killing frost that we call that down here. We have a hard freeze yes we refer to that. interviewer: And what would that be? 040: A hard- a hard freeze? interviewer: Yeah. 040: I would say it would have to be ten below. interviewer: Alright. And what- what is- 040: I mean ten degrees or below. interviewer: Okay. Now what- what is hard about that? Why is it called a ha- why do you 040: Because the water I suppose freezes. interviewer: The water- the water ran through the ground and comes back {X} 040: Well the ground will freeze hard too. interviewer: Okay. Now uh what- what do you call this room in your house? 040: This is the living room. interviewer: Alright. um. And you talk- how high is the ceiling in here would you imagine? 040: The ceiling's eight feet. interviewer: Okay. Now. would you just describe for me the what you call the- the rooms in the house and where they're- where they're located this is to get the names of the rooms. And how- how do you designate the name of one bedroom from another? That sort of thing. So if um this is the living room here what do you call that right over there? 040: We call that the front room. Front bedroom. interviewer: Where- 040: My bedroom. {NW} interviewer: Alright and then you Well how bout when you come into the house? What do you call that part right there? 040: That's the foyer. interviewer: Okay. Usually call it that? 040: Well the {X} usually around here you- you'd call it the front hall. interviewer: Okay. 040: I'm about fixing to say the front hall. interviewer: Would you let her call it the foyer in- in just in casual conversation? 040: No I'd- interviewer: You tell your son to get his toys out the foyer? 040: No I'd say get your toys out the hall. interviewer: Okay. 040: {NW} interviewer: And and this and you call now what do you call your your bedroom? 040: I'd say the front bedroom. interviewer: Now. So does that go all the way over to the wall? 040: Yes. interviewer: Okay. And then what's beh- what's 040: The next bedroom would be uh of course I would refer to it as {B}'s room. Or the middle bedroom. interviewer: Alright and then what then? 040: Then the back bedroom or {B}'s bedroom. interviewer: Okay. Now. That that goes along that wall now how bout? 040: Well now we have I would say the big bath. interviewer: Okay. Now let's come down this way. 040: Now we have a half-bath. interviewer: The big bath is next to the back bedroom and {X} 040: Yes. interviewer: Okay. That's the big bath. And then west? 040: And the dining room. interviewer: Okay. 040: And then the kitchen. And this room over here would be referred to as mama's bedroom. Or in most houses it might be a den. interviewer: Okay. Now. Do you have a s- Do you have another bathroom? 040: We have a half-bath. interviewer: Okay now what do you- 040: I'd say the middle bath. interviewer: Okay now where is that located? 040: It's off of the front bedroom. interviewer: Okay {X} You call it the little bath. 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: Is there- is there a bathroom in there? 040: No. interviewer: Okay. No that's- see that's the kind of stuff {X} It's in- it's also interesting that there's front middle and back although I don't think there's anything regionally strange about you know That's exactly how uh mr {B} designated that. It's interesting to see if people designate rooms by the people who- who live in the rooms or sleep in the rooms or by you know location or by {X} Now. Um. In a house that has a fireplace uh what do you call the- the uh well you have it in in uh in a hous- every house has one and the smoke goes up? 040: Well if it's a fireplace it's a chimney but if it's a a stove of some sort it's a flue. interviewer: Okay. um. Now part of the fireplace it extends out on the floor. 040: That's the hearth. interviewer: Okay and the two things in the fireplace that keep the logs in place? 040: I don't know. interviewer: Don't remember that. 040: {NW} interviewer: Uh. How bout the top of the fireplace something that you put- you might put things on? 040: That's the mantel. interviewer: Okay. And You have a- a big piece of wood that might burn for a couple of days. 040: Well now I don't call it this but I think the old people call it a backlog? interviewer: Uh-huh. {B} it's called a back stick. 040: Right. Back stick. Or back log. interviewer: And how uh- Have you ever lived in a house that had a fireplace? 040: No. interviewer: yeah well that makes it- Aux: {X} we had grates down 040: We had a what we call a grate. interviewer: Okay. Now. When you sa- Was it a fireplace with a grate? Did it burn coal? 040: Yes it burned coal. interviewer: A coal-burning firep- Uh what did you call um um fatty kindling sticks to start a fire with? 040: Kindling. interviewer: Alright. Did you make any distinction between those- the uh- the small ones perhaps? What'd- did you have a special name? 040: The- the kindling is the smaller wood and the stove wood is the larger. interviewer: Alright. But even a special kind of kindling wood which was smaller. Aux: Pine. 040: No. Aux: {X} interviewer: Okay. And uh they uh- Talking about um {X} that kind of fireplace you'd say we would burn coal what the fireplace we would burn coal. 040: In the fireplace? interviewer: Yeah. And the black stuff you cle- you clean out the stovepipe. 040: Called soot. interviewer: Okay. And uh the uh uh color of this paper? 040: It's white. interviewer: Alright. And the um um cigarette the end of a cigarette the burnt part it's called the 040: The butts or the interviewer: Yeah. yeah but the- the um uh Well the way you clean out the fireplace that's better. After the fire's out you clean out 040: Clean out the klinkers interviewer: Yeah or- you don't have to 040: {D: slashes} interviewer: Sure. Um and I'm sitting in a? 040: Chair. interviewer: And what do you call this piece of furniture? 040: We call it a couch. interviewer: Okay. Now what are some other- what's another name for it? 040: Davenport. Sofa. interviewer: Yeah. Okay now they're all the same thing though as far as you're concerned? Uh. How- this is a- a piece of furniture in the bedroom that has uh a well uh what- what about the furniture in the bedroom besides the bed? 040: Well you have your chest of drawers and the dresser. interviewer: Okay what's- what's the difference between a chest of drawers and a dresser? 040: A dresser has a mirror. interviewer: Okay. Um. How about a What do you hang your clothes in then? In the bedroom. 040: In the closet. interviewer: Now did you- have you ever had a movable one? It's like a closet only it's movable? 040: Are you referring to a chifforobe? interviewer: Okay. 040: I like that. {NW} interviewer: Yeah that's right that's right. Uh. And all the uh tables and chairs in the house you call those all different pieces of? 040: Furniture. interviewer: And um you ever lived in a house that had a kind of a little alcove in the bedroom containing a bed? Maybe a- an extra bed in the bedroom in a little kind of room off to the side? 040: No. interviewer: Uh. On a single window uh something you pull up and down. 040: A shade? interviewer: Okay you just call it a plain shade? What about the kind with the slats? 040: Those are Venetian blinds. interviewer: Okay. Um. Uh but I don't know- I don't think you have one in this house. But in a- in- in older houses uh you have a- an area between the ceiling and the second 040: It's called a loft? interviewer: Okay. 040: Is it the attic? interviewer: Okay both of those are fine. Now. Oh. I I'll bet you skipped a- no you didn't {X} ask you about the kitchen 040: {NW} interviewer: {X} kitchen Um. Now did you ever live in a house that had a um Um um. Uh. Had a- had a separate {D:cab} where the kitchen was seperated from the house? That's quite some- 040: No no. interviewer: Uh or a room off the kitchen that you put uh 040: Pantry? interviewer: Yeah. You ever call that anything else? 040: No we used to- interviewer: Did you ever call it anything else besides a pantry? Aux: {X} interviewer: The word safe. Do you know that word? 040: Oh we have safes but they're Aux: {X} interviewer: What size- something more like a breadbox? 040: It's movable. A safe to me is movable. interviewer: Is it like a breadbox? Do you have one {X} 040: Yeah. {NW} {X} interviewer: Oh this whole thing? 040: That's- that's what we call a safe. interviewer: That whole uh- 040: Uh-huh It's a China closet is what it is That's what the old people refer to it as. Aux: Old people call it the pie safe. interviewer: Pie safe {NW} That's cute. Aux: You see it has uh uh down in the middle there where the bottom is it has a screen then they put the pies 040: Uh-huh. Yeah. Aux: {X} interviewer: So a safe is but what would say {X} 040: I would say it was movable. interviewer: Uh-huh 040: A safe would be movable and a pantry would be stationary. interviewer: And the- and- and what's the other name for this other than the safe what might it be called? 040: China closet. interviewer: Yep. Um. Now a- a name for old worthless furniture and implements just things you haven't gotten around to throwing away that probably will never use. that really couldn't be classified as antiques? Just things that- Aux: {X} 040: Well we'd call it junk around here. interviewer: Okay that's fine. Um and- and if you have a little room that you kept things like that in what would you call that? 040: The junk room. interviewer: Alright. And every morning uh uh around the house someone has to 040: Sweep or vacuum? interviewer: Yeah. Not specifically uh- I mean they're just kind of going around and- 040: Pick up. interviewer: Okay. 040: Tidy up. interviewer: Right. Both of those you equally- And to sweep the floor uh from the use- just a hand the hand is a- 040: It's a broom. interviewer: Okay. And if we're talking about where a broom was here's the door and the broom is here this is the door you'd say the broom is? 040: Behind the door. interviewer: Uh. And on Monday traditionally women did what? 040: Did their washing. interviewer: Okay and on Tuesday they did their? 040: Ironing. interviewer: And together you might call that? 040: The laundry. interviewer: Right. Now. To get up from the um uh to get into- up up to the house y- you don't have many out there but say if you had four or five or six to walk up from the sidewalk up 040: Steps? interviewer: Okay. Now if you had a two story house and you had to get from the first floor to the second floor what would you call that? 040: Well I'd either say the stairway or the stairs. interviewer: Okay. Would you ever call it a stairway outside? 040: No. No. interviewer: Now What about right outside here what do you call that? 040: That's a porch. interviewer: Alright now do you- do you make any distinction of among different kinds of porches 040: Well in older houses they had porches on both sides of the house. And they'd say the side porch. interviewer: Uh-huh. But no- no other name? Aux: {X} interviewer: The gallery or veranda or {X}? 040: Not here. interviewer: How about a I don't think these- I'm certain these aren't used. I'm not certain but I don't think they're used much. It's a damp cloth um for wiping the floor a special kind of a- a cloth for wiping the floor? 040: Not for wiping floor we call them dust cloth. interviewer: Uh-huh. {X} 040: Wiping furniture. interviewer: Have you ever heard of a file cloth? 040: No. interviewer: Now if the door was open and you didn't want it that way you'd say? 040: Shut the door. interviewer: Okay. 040: Close the door. interviewer: Okay. What's the difference between those two is there any? 040: No not for when you're referring to a door. interviewer: Yep. Well what- when would there be a difference? 040: Well I don't know. interviewer: Do you have some kind of feeling about that I mean about one- 040: No. interviewer: I mean the sense of one word being less 040: Well shut it more pronounced I guess you might say. interviewer: Shut your mouth or close your mouth. 040: When you say shut the door you mean it. {NW} interviewer: Uh-huh okay {NW}. Now on our frame house something they put- they- they sometimes put this uh uh uh these uh boards on. 040: Siding. interviewer: Okay. Uh. Say did you uh uh you take a nail and you have to do what? You have to- 040: You have to hammer it. interviewer: Okay. When you get in a car you have to. 040: {X} interviewer: Somebody asks y'all need to start the motor and then do what to the car? you- Say I know I- I have my license because I know how to? 040: Drive. interviewer: Okay. Yesterday I- 040: Drove. interviewer: And many times I have? 040: Driven. interviewer: Okay. Um that's the hardest thing in the world to get through you know something like this {B} 040: {NW} interviewer: Nobody {X} what I'm uh- what I'm after and so I've just skipped over a lot of those. The outer part of the house that the the rain falls on is the? The outside. 040: The roof? interviewer: Sure. Uh. And uh around the edge the- the- the water runs off and- and runs into the? 040: Gutter. interviewer: Alright and then it comes down the? 040: Drainpipe. interviewer: Okay. And if you had an uh- um a joining roof we have several peaks on the house do you have a name for that low part? Down in here? 040: Gable? interviewer: Okay. 040: {NW} interviewer: Yeah that's fine. 040: The gables. interviewer: Uh this is a small uh outbuilding for wood or tools. Just uh either separate or built on. 040: Well a lot of people would re- refer to that as the coal house. Or in the country more remote areas around here it would be the smokehouse. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: Where they used to cure meat. But uh. interviewer: Okay. How bout something that- and- and you can use later for keeping tools in or something like that? 040: Well you might refer to it as the shed. interviewer: Yeah okay that's one of the words there. Now the foyer has indoor plumbing um uh it has to have a separate structure instead of a bathroom what was that called? 040: Called the outhouse. interviewer: Okay. Now. Uh. Any jocular terms for that? 040: {NW} I think it was referred to as a johnny. interviewer: Okay. Okay. Aux: {D: privy} {NW} 040: No privy is the correct word I believe. interviewer: Now. Well I don't- the um the best one both of those are- you know all of those are 040: And they're called a {D: vlosser} if that's what it refers to. interviewer: Privy is the that's the official term now that's a- that is a- I didn't know that. {D: one year it's} still the garden house that's {NW} 040: {NW} no I wouldn't have {X}that. interviewer: Um. Uh. Firthman says uh uh speak about trouble and say I what? My trouble I? You- you your trouble and I- 040: Have my trouble? interviewer: Yeah that's right. Um and then um if um there's a sound you say you? 040: Hear. interviewer: Okay and yesterday you? 040: Heard? interviewer: And you have? Second time. Um. You say have you seen him you say no I 040: I have not seen him. Course that might. interviewer: Do you know the expression ? Is that used at all? 040: What? interviewer: {X} Um In the sense of um I suppose the sense of uh ancient. 040: No I don't uh- interviewer: I don't know if that's uh um {X} 040: Might be more in the mountain areas. interviewer: Uh-huh. {D: Verson} says you uh uh um is that um um Have you ever done that you say a- all the time I? 040: I do this. interviewer: Yeah and um he 040: Did it. interviewer: And for the present he 040: He is doing it? interviewer: Yeah. An- 040: Or done. interviewer: Or. How would you use that? 040: I have done it. interviewer: Okay. And um I don't smoke cigarettes but he? 040: Does. interviewer: Okay. Um. Let's say a person um uh no longer uh takes uh care of his {X} he just doesn't about anything anymore. 040: Doesn't care about anything? interviewer: Okay. um If you're not certain about something you say I am not? 040: Sure. interviewer: Okay. um. Would you say um you say I don't know if he did it or not but people 040: Well we would say think he did or believe he did. interviewer: Okay. And uh they uh using a form of say. Say they they say he did it. 040: They say he does. interviewer: Okay. And a- a dwelling person lives in is a? 040: House. interviewer: And the plural? 040: Houses? interviewer: And the largest outbuilding on a farm? 040: Barn. interviewer: And a building for storing corn? 040: Crib. interviewer: And any oth- any other kind of buildings for storing grain? 040: Silo? No that's more of a- interviewer: That's good. But I was- I was- Is the word grainery or granary used here at all? Is that- 040: No we don't- we don't have those. interviewer: Okay. 040: Those large. interviewer: How bout the other part of the barn? uh 040: It's the loft. interviewer: Okay. Now but you use the term loft you're familiar with the term loft either as in a household barn? 040: Uh-huh. A loft in a house is usually larger than an attic. interviewer: Is there any special uh 040: No that would be the interviewer: Um uh a large collection of hay outside. 040: A shock? Is that what you're interviewer: Alright now something larger than that if you're driving along the road and you see this gre- I don't know you don't see that much in the South. Aux: Haystack. interviewer: Yeah. 040: Well uh a shock is a haystack. interviewer: It's the same thing as a haystack to you? Shock of hay and a- Aux: Now a stack is a- a big pile of it. 040: Stack of hay. interviewer: You don't see many haystacks- 040: No we don't We bail it now. interviewer: Sure. You know what they call those things when they set 'em up before they bail them? The hay in the field you see it in the- 040: Well we call 'em haystacks or- interviewer: Before they bail. Does the term- 040: Closer now than when they were cut and bailed all together in a bailer. interviewer: Well he uh mr {B} was talking about uh windrows. 040: Oh a windrow is when you like if you're raking leaves you uh windrow 'em. Or uh If you're la- raking up brush you'll windrow it. You'll make a row of them. As if to break the wind. It's uh- interviewer: It's not to protect them from the wind- 040: No it's just a term. Windrow it means to row it uh make it in a long row. interviewer: I see. I see. Um and the place in the- for hay in the barn you said is the? 040: Th- the loft. interviewer: Okay. And how bout a shelter for cows? 040: That's a barn. interviewer: Is it uh how bout it's something built maybe built down in the barn you ever seen a barn you know in the back there's a kind of a little- 040: I'm not much of a farmer. interviewer: Okay. You know I was thinking of either a cow barn or- 040: Just a shed or- interviewer: Yeah that's fine. How bout a place for hogs? 040: Well the correct one is sty but we call 'em pigpens. interviewer: Okay. Uh and do you have any special name for the ones with the- with the- the covering on them? 040: I don't know what it would be. interviewer: Okay. How bout a place where cows are staked or penned for milking? 040: No. Stalls? is that what you're? interviewer: Oh well I was thinking something- could be stall that's fine. Or something like a cowpen or a cuppen or {D: milk gap} 040: No I believe they call 'em stalls. The one I've heard. interviewer: How bout shelter for horses? 040: Stable is that what- interviewer: Sure that's fine. And um a lot that-uh uh- a farm that- that produces milk 040: It's a dairy farm. interviewer: Okay. Now does dairy mean anything else to you? Do you ever use that word for anything other than- does the word dairy mean a particular kind of farm to you? Is that the only sense you? 040: Well when we speak of dairy farms they have what we call milk cows. interviewer: Sure. but just about the word dairy by itself I mean does the word dairy mean anything to you besides uh um 040: No. interviewer: A company that sells milk. Would you ever call them- 040: Well yes we call them dairies. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: The company that sells it. interviewer: In Chicago for example that's all they call it I mean that's all that dairy means the dairy just means the milk company. 040: Well they just don't know wh- interviewer: That's right. That's right sure. 040: They don't have no land up there vacant to house a farm. interviewer: How bout a place where- where stock is kept or fed uh right outside the barn? Near the barn maybe fenced in. Small area. 040: Feeding lot. interviewer: Okay. And the place where sheep and cows graze? 040: The pasture. interviewer: And they don't grow any cotton around here. You know anything about cotton? 040: Very little. We don't- well we don't have any In this {X} interviewer: Do you know a name for weeding cotton though? 040: No. No I don't. interviewer: Or the- or undesirable grass in a cotton field? 040: No. interviewer: Well okay. Now I mentioned that- the word I just mentioned for a- a large uh planting of crop. For a large um large area. 040: Maybe a {D: corn}. interviewer: Yeah. Now a farm might be divided into several 040: Acres? Or um. interviewer: What would you call maybe one crop say you just grow cotton there or- or corn or something that would be a? 040: Field. interviewer: Alright how bout something smaller than that? Just grow- you grew some say some watermelons or something. 040: Well we have what we call garden spots. interviewer: Alright. Now- 040: That's when- that's where they grow all their food that they eat in the house. interviewer: I was thinking of something between a garden and a field. 040: I don't know what that- interviewer: Now if you just raised a little tobacco say or a little- 040: Plot? Little plot? interviewer: Plot okay I was thinking of patch. 040: Well patch yeah we use that. Well know patch that's- interviewer: Now uh several different kinds of of uh of fences. A fence around a- uh a house that has a um- um- uh there diff- Different materials. 040: Oh we- sometimes we have a picket fence. interviewer: Alright. Now What's the picket fence? Describe that. 040: Well a picket fence is usually made of wood. Rails. interviewer: And are they separated from one another? 040: Yes. Like stacking 'em. interviewer: Alright do they have to be pointed? 040: You mean each- each log? No. interviewer: Now when you say- what do you mean by stacking them? 040: Well uh I guess we might refer to that too as a log fence or um Rail fence. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: And a picket fence too could be made of {D: Gresswood} interviewer: Uh-huh. But um How bout if they- you think of picks usually as spaced. 040: Yes. interviewer: Alright now if there was- if they were right next to each other and flat on the top and the boards were white what would you call a fence like that? 040: You mean the one's who have the the point on top? interviewer: Not necessarily pointed just- 040: We would call them picket fence too that's interviewer: Okay. Wouldn't have to be pointed then? 040: No. interviewer: How bout some fences used in fields? 040: Well they're usually barbed wire. interviewer: Alright. Now how bout a wire fence that- that isn't uh doesn't have the barbs on it? 040: It's just a wire fence. interviewer: Okay you don't uh What is hog wire? 040: I don't know. interviewer: Okay. 040: {NW} interviewer: Alright and- 040: I'm not a farmer. interviewer: Alright now you say- well you doing pretty well. 040: {NW} interviewer: Uh. The uh the rail fence though um 040: Now the rail fence is what makes those logs that I was s- interviewer: And how are they joined? 040: They're- they're stacked just on top of each other. interviewer: I see and then and then uh 040: Interwoven you might say. interviewer: Yeah and then zig-zag 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: Y- you don't call that anything but a rail fence though? 040: No no that would be a rail. interviewer: Okay. And something you drive into the ground if you're putting up a fence? If you put in a- 040: A post. interviewer: Okay and two of those would be two? 040: Two posts. interviewer: Okay. And loose stone or rock piled up put around a like a fence. 040: Gravel? Is that what you're interviewer: No this you know larger stones or rocks that I don't know that you have that much uh I was thinking of something like a stone a- a- a a stone wall or rock a stone fence or a 040: We don't have many of those. interviewer: Okay. Well which ones are- Which of th- which of these things- 040: I would say that we might refer to as uh stone stone walls something like that. interviewer: Okay. Alright. Um And uh Expensive dishware sometimes called? 040: China? interviewer: Yeah and you remember uh hearing about about about the kind of of um egg that was put in to uh- just to fool a chicken? 040: No. {X} Aux: Glass egg. 040: No. Setting egg. interviewer: Alright. Glass egg's okay you'd ever heard it called a Chi- has one of you ever heard it called a China egg? 040: No. interviewer: Okay. And something uh- a wooden vessel you use for carrying water? 040: Pale? interviewer: Alright Um Do you ever call it anything else? 040: A bucket? interviewer: What's the difference between those two in your mind? between those two- 040: Uh there isn't any difference between a bucket and a pale. interviewer: I mean do you think- 040: Not to me. interviewer: Alright would you use one as likely as the other? 040: Yeah. interviewer: You'd think- I mean you wouldn't think one is more prestigious or than the other? or more uh more formal or 040: What I would say in- in the older generation it would be more bucket. interviewer: Okay saying- saying pale is a newer term. How bout something that you- you're going out to feed the hogs in a farm uh and you take the food from the house what do you call that? 040: You slop the hogs. interviewer: And what do you call the thing you carry it out in? 040: Slop bucket. interviewer: Okay. Um And some- and to fry eggs? Fry eggs? 040: Well you fry them in a skillet. interviewer: Okay. Now you ever call it anything else? 040: We have that with a frying pan? interviewer: What- you had - what were you saying? 040: One time when i was on a bus trip the bus driver we said something about the skillet and he thought we'd flipped our lid. {NW} interviewer: You used the term skillet and he had never heard that? 040: No. interviewer: Oh. 040: That was out in Georgia by the way. interviewer: Now Is that right? Really? the- the word skillet now has become you know very a- became a commercial term. 040: Skillet. interviewer: You remember any uh uh things like this that had three legs? That were used in a- in a um 040: Stool? interviewer: Yeah no this is something like a frying pan. 040: Oh. Aux: {X} {X} 040: Kettle is that what you- interviewer: Well now kettle I- I was thinking something like a spider or a creeper I don't know if you ever- Do you ever use the word spider for a a frying pan that you use in the fireplace? Something like a frying pan it's got three legs and you put it right in the ashes. Aux: {X} 040: I wish you would talk. Uh-huh. I got a friend you need to talk with on them things like that he c- he can give you those old terms. {NW} interviewer: Yeah. Aux: Oven we call that interviewer: Uh-huh. Now a- a kettle what would you call something that- that um um This is just a big- a big heavy iron pot with a large opening you call that a? 040: A kettle. interviewer: A kettle. Do you ever use the term pot or did you ever use the term pot for that? What's the difference between a pot and a kettle? 040: Well I would of a pot being maybe smaller than a kettle. interviewer: Okay. Something you could put flowers in? 040: That's a pot. interviewer: Okay. uh what's another name for it? Little more formal. 040: Oh a vase? interviewer: Okay. And the three utensils you use at the table? 040: Knife fork and spoon. interviewer: Alright and one knife, one more then you have two? 040: knives. interviewer: Okay And after uh a meal you say now I must what the dishes? 040: Just wash the dishes or clear the dishes. interviewer: Okay and after she washes the dishes in hot soapy water she might hold them under uh cold water and she 040: Rinses. interviewer: Holds them under what do you say? 040: The faucet? interviewer: Right that's another word I'm- we have to ask you so we we get that out of the way um and something you might use for getting food off the plates? such a- a piece of cloth. Aux: {D: spec b gone} 040: No. interviewer: {NW} I'm just thinking of a piece of cloth that you might use in washing dishes. 040: Oh that's a dish rag. interviewer: Okay and how about someth- and you dry the dishes? 040: You dry 'em with a dry cloth. interviewer: Okay now you call that drying the dishes or wiping the dishes? 040: We call 'em drying the dishes or I do. interviewer: Okay. And something you might use um uh on your face um with soap and in the bathroom a piece of cloth 040: That's the washcloth the wash rag. interviewer: Okay can you use either one of those? 040: Uh-huh.