040: there on Audrey Walker there. interviewer: {NW} 040: they really used the interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: maybe #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 040: {D: maybe that's why I thought they were there.} interviewer: Yeah. That's uh- 040: They got these old words interviewer: Yeah. But I heard I was- I had to laugh when I left uh mr uh {B} {X} had the radio on after eleven after {X} 040: #1 Yeah that- # interviewer: #2 {X} # that was uh- uh- 040: Well they refer to such things as the police they don't say police they say police. interviewer: The police yeah. Well I just noticed that they- what they've done in that program they just kind of focus on all of the #1 uh # 040: #2 Uh-huh. # interviewer: the most uh uh country kind of type and old-fashioned type pronunciations. But uh. But I've heard most of them in person you know I mean like most every one of them the one- I- I've never heard anyone say human {C: pronunciation} for human. 040: {NW} No. interviewer: Uh uh Now. You said that was a faucet at the- at the sink how bout uh in the yard? Where you um 040: The spigot? interviewer: Okay. Would that- would you ever call it a- a spigot at the sink? 040: Some people would. interviewer: Would you? 040: Nah I've- I've heard it- no I would say faucet. interviewer: Okay and how bout a barrel? 040: I'd call it a spigot. interviewer: Okay. And uh the- It got very cold last night and the pipe? 040: Burst. interviewer: Okay. 040: Most- Here a lot of people say it busted. interviewer: Sure. Um something that um uh- a large container that pickles used to come in? 040: A crock? interviewer: Larger than that something that maybe meal and flour great big thing bout #1 this high. # 040: #2 A barrel? # interviewer: Yeah. And the uh things that are used to keep the- the staves in place or kids- 040: The bands? interviewer: Yeah okay. Now it- That's fine now that's one perfectly good word for it but do you ever call it anything else? What children played with several years ago. Hula? 040: Hoops. interviewer: Yeah. 040: Hoops. interviewer: Would you ever use the term hoops on a barrel? Or don't- don't you think of that? 040: No I would say- But now some would. The older generation I'm sure would say hoop. Barrel hoop. interviewer: And if you're pouring liquid from one a large container to a smaller one and using such a {D: look} sor- sorta like that- 040: That's a phone. interviewer: Okay. And. To make a horse go you have to crack a? 040: Whip? interviewer: Alright. and you go to the store and buy a dozen oranges and the grocer puts them in a 040: Now there you are {NW} It's according to who you are some of the people will say bag some will say put it in a sack. And some will say they put it in a poke. interviewer: Okay now- 040: Poke is an East Tennessee word. interviewer: Would you use- do- do you use poke ever-naturally? Is it in- in uh- 040: Yeah sometimes when I'm using slang I'll say poke. interviewer: It's perfectly uh uh- 040: It's acceptable around here. interviewer: Sure well oh mr mr {B} said- {X} thought about some of the writings something down said he wrote it down on poke paper. 040: Yeah uh-huh. interviewer: Uh the um- Um- 040: Or brown bag. interviewer: Yeah. Now are- are sack and poke ever used as terms of measure? Are the terms ever used you know for measurements? 040: I've never heard of it- interviewer: You know poke or something means a certain amount. 040: No. interviewer: Alright. And what is a- 040: Peck now you- you have your pecks. interviewer: Yeah. But that's more like a -a bushel I'd say. What about um um uh what's a- what's the uh uh the uh the poke made of now? {D: You're talking a minute.} 040: Brown bag? interviewer: Yeah. {X} What is that made of what's the substance? 040: Paper. interviewer: Alright. Um. Now. What about something made of cloth? a uh- a- a smaller cloth container? 040: It's- it's more of a sack I'd say. interviewer: Alright. Would you ever call a cloth a- a- a- a small cloth container a poke? 040: No I never did. interviewer: Would a poke ever- could a poke ever be a lard? Is a poke always paper? 040: To me it is. interviewer: Alright. Did they ever- did the teachers in school get onto kids for using poke? 040: Uh. interviewer: Was that a- #1 I don't think- I don't think that would come up to much. # 040: #2 I don't remember it though- # I would say that they did. interviewer: Uh-huh. But uh. Okay. Now how bout a large um uh cloth sack of rough material? maybe put a hundred pounds of fertilizer or a grain- 040: Well that's a peat sack- #1 or. # interviewer: #2 Alright peat sack. # Now did you ever hear of any other- know of any other terms for that? Another sack. Aux: {X} 040: What is it? Aux: {NW} Well some call it a {D: bagstack} and uh burlap. 040: Burlap bag. interviewer: Sure. But how- there's another term I'll bet you know too. That I'll bet you both know. 040: I don't recall it. interviewer: How bout toe sack? Aux: Yes 040: Oh yes {X} interviewer: Would you ever use that term? 040: Yes. {NW} We might say a toe sack. interviewer: Okay. Um but never croaker sack? 040: No. No I haven't heard that. interviewer: Now see that's really- that's one of the terms that's very useful in separating the speech of of Tennessee of- of and- and Northern Georgian Tennessee Northern Georgia you get toe sack but at the Chattahoochee River from the Chattahoochee River south nobody say toe sack virtually. 040: What do they say? interviewer: Croaker sack. 040: Oh. interviewer: Croker sack or croker sack. {C: pronunciation} 040: No I've never heard of that. interviewer: If they pronounce their Rs they say croker if they don't they say croker {C: pronunciation} 040: Oh {NW} interviewer: So it's- no it's a- a- that's uh- that's invented. Toe sack I think is a- is a North Carolina word that has you know moved this way. How bout the- the amount of corn or meal or water that you could carry to a- to a mill at one time? 040: I don't know. interviewer: Um. Did you ever use the term a turn is that- A turn of corn is that at all familiar to you? 040: No. interviewer: Um. How bout the amount of wood you can carry in both arms like this? 040: Armload. interviewer: Okay. And how bout not a- a full load in a way do you have a special name for a a- a- a half load or a partial load? 040: Not to me. interviewer: Okay. And. Um. Wait let me um 040: You need Cart Walker- interviewer: The light goes out you have to- you have to put in a new? 040: Bulb. interviewer: Alright and the whole thing would be a- That's right but then- 040: New bulb? interviewer: Yeah but what kind of a- a- 040: A light bulb. interviewer: Right. Say it again I might have mi- 040: Light bulb. interviewer: Okay. And then Uh when you d- uh do your laundry you're hanging it outside you take the- the wet clothes outside and uh- 040: You hang them up. interviewer: You carry them out in a? 040: I'm trying to think of the word maybe you want we carried them out in a- just a basket. interviewer: That's the word I wanted. So that's- that's fine Did you have a spe- 040: Clothes basket. interviewer: Alright. Now this is something uh like a um um a- a barrel but much smaller and used for um uh uh well nails for example. One of the small- 040: A keg? interviewer: Alright. And uh something you put in the top of a bottle? 040: A cork? interviewer: Alright now does that have to be made of cork to be called that? or can it be- 040: No. interviewer: Like made of rubber? 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: Something a- a musical instrument that you blow on bout this long. Has reeds in it. 040: You talking bout the French harp? interviewer: Yeah. Okay now um the one you hold between your teeth and twang? 040: Mm. That's a- Aux: Jew's harp. 040: Jew's harp. interviewer: Okay. And the part of a wagon that goes up between two 040: #1 tongue. # interviewer: #2 horses? # And they part of the wagon in the back that the horses pull on. It's right up against the- 040: I don't know. interviewer: And then- 040: I know what a- I know what you're talking about. interviewer: Uh-huh do you re- 040: Right behind the horses? interviewer: {X} there's a doubletree and a singletree I just wanted- or- or 040: Yes I- interviewer: Sometimes they're called wippletrees of wiffletrees or swingletrees or- But- You're not familiar with those? 040: No. interviewer: Okay. Um and the parts of a buggy that go up under the side of the horse? Alright and the steel rim of a- of a whee- of- of a- the steel part of a wheel? 040: Wouldn't that be called a hoop? interviewer: Could- yeah I suppose or- or- I used the word rim it could be called a rim too. 040: Yeah. I say more- the rim of the wheel. interviewer: You know the term felly? 040: No. interviewer: At all? Okay. And a man's going back and forth with wood in his wagon you'd say he was doing what he was? 040: Well in the days when they used wagons I'd say they were toting it. interviewer: Okay. They use that for a- for a um um And what would they use now I mean- Aux: Hauling it. 040: Hauling it. interviewer: okay but you think of toting meaning the same thing- 040: Toting is carrying something or transporting it interviewer: Okay. And. They cut a lot of tree down in the field and now they have- and- and then they and so they um they drag it off- today they drag it off yesterday they 040: They drug it. interviewer: Okay. And the um uh different different kinds of- of um um implements used for uh breaking up the ground? 040: Plows? interviewer: Do you know any different kinds of plows? 040: Not familiar enough to uh- I know they have a different shape that they call different kinds but I'm not familiar with- interviewer: Okay. How bout something that uh that's used to break up the clods in the smaller- 040: Uh that's called a cutting {X} interviewer: Okay. And the part that goes from one wheel to the other on a wagon? 040: That's the axle. interviewer: Okay. And if sawing wood um you uh one uh if you use two of these things one kind is shaped like an X. You put a log on it. do you know what that's called? 040: It's called a horse. interviewer: Alright. Well now there's one that's shaped like a A-frame and there's one that has an X-frame 040: No I've saw loads of them but I didn't know what they were called. interviewer: Okay. And might use a comb on your hair or you might use a? 040: Brush? interviewer: Alright and to sharpen a ra- A- a straight razor use a? 040: Leather strap. interviewer: Okay. 040: Uh you'll- the older people u- use the word strap. interviewer: Okay but the word strap is- is- uh is- you wouldn't- 040: I wouldn't but- but uh more familiar people would ei- would certainly use strap I'm sure. interviewer: Okay now that's what uh mr uh- 040: He probably used strap then. interviewer: Sure. Yeah. Um. And then a um uh You might speak of this as a shell what you fire in a- in a riot. Or you might call it a- 040: Bullet? interviewer: Yeah or you might called it- 040: Cartridge? interviewer: Yeah. Say it again. 040: Cartridge. interviewer: Um and uh something that one child sits on either side and goes up and down? 040: That's a see-saw. interviewer: And when they're doing that you say they are? 040: They're see-sawing. interviewer: Okay. And have you ever seen one of these um something similar to that except its just one long plank that's fixed at either end and they kind of sit on it and the board is limber it's a limber plank that they kind of bounce up and down on? 040: No. interviewer: Okay. Um. And something that has two um- how bout a homemade merry-go-round? 040: #1 I don't know. # interviewer: #2 I don't think they make those anymore. # I've seen some flying Jenny or uh 040: No well I've heard of that one uh-huh interviewer: or ridey- do they use the term ridey horse here for that? 040: No. We have a rocky horse. interviewer: What's- that's something {X} 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: {X} like a hobby horse or- 040: Yeah. interviewer: Yeah. Um and two ropes or chains suspended from a limb or- 040: Swings. interviewer: Alright. And when you have a coal sto- a coal stove you um something that might be placed beside the stove just keep a small amount of coal in it? 040: It's a- the wood box? is that what you're- interviewer: Well this is something that you could carry with you 040: Oh a coal scuttle. interviewer: Right. And um the s- the I was talking before about the soot. you said the soot is- goes- is- is taken out of the- 040: The flu? interviewer: Alright. You might call it a flue there's another more uh- uh uh just a name for the- Aux: The stove pipe. 040: The stovepipe? #1 Is that what you're-. # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # But you wouldn't use that you'd- you'd call it the flue. not the stovepipe. 040: Well the flue ah was built into the house and stovepipe would be connected to interviewer: #1 Next to it. # 040: #2 the flu. # interviewer: I see. The stovepipe's attached to the- to the 040: #1 back # interviewer: #2 goes to the stove to the- # 040: #1 to the flue. # interviewer: #2 to the flue. # 040: That- that would be my interpretation interviewer: #1 Okay. # 040: #2 of it. # interviewer: And this is a- a- uh something for carrying dirt uh has one wheel and two handles. 040: Wheelbarrow. interviewer: Alright. Something you carry in your hand for sharpening a- a side or a knife something a uh 040: File. interviewer: Okay. 040: Is that what you're wanting? interviewer: Well that's one kind. This is more like a- a stone or a rock. 040: A whetrock? interviewer: Okay. How bout one that's mounted on a treble or a handle? 040: {X} Flat stone? interviewer: Okay. 040: #1 No.Okay. # interviewer: #2 Okay. # 040: #1 That's still not it. # interviewer: #2 Um. # 040: We got- we had one downstairs. interviewer: No I was- it might be called a- a griding stone 040: Grinding stone grinding stone. interviewer: Alright. And this uh vehicle I drove up in is a? 040: Is a car. interviewer: Alright. And uh you might take it in and to a- a service station they put it up on a- on a rack and get under it and? 040: Grease it? interviewer: Alright. And so yesterday he? 040: Greased. interviewer: Alright and the surface after you- if you fried some eggs in a frying pan then didn't wash it you'd say the surface is awfully? 040: It's greasy. interviewer: Okay. And at the service station they might also check the water and? 040: Oil. interviewer: Before they had- um uh electricity people used to burn what in lamps? 040: Kerosene? Coal oil. interviewer: #1 Call- # 040: #2 I guess. # interviewer: call both. 040: That's- the more interviewer: #1 the local terms # 040: #2 main term because it- # was coal oil. interviewer: Okay. Have you ever seen a makeshift lamp or torch made with a rag uh or a piece of cloth and a bottle or can in kerosene? Do you have a name- special name for that? Aux: {X} 040: A wick is that what you're- interviewer: Well the wick is part of it but no I'm- what I'm really checking here is that- is that um we- we got the word from a folk informant you know really uh uh uh a person that's lived their whole life in the country and she called it a flambeau. Which I thought was- 040: I've heard of them. Flambeau. interviewer: For- for- for a homemade- 040: #1 Uh-huh. # Aux: #2 {X} # interviewer: Have you called it that? Aux: No I've never called 'em that before. 040: But I have heard that term. interviewer: Uh-huh. But used in the country {X} Not a uh yeah But I usually think of that as a um uh something more- more elegant you know a flambeau or something. Out of Shakes- a Shakespeare play or you know in a fancy restaurant or something rather than- 040: Maybe they're just taken the- interviewer: Sure well its interesting it's probably French borrowed from you know it might be borrowed from- from French I'm not sure. Uh in. {X} American English. In uh- toothpaste comes in a- 040: Tube. interviewer: Alright and if they build a boat and they take it down to the water they say now we're going to? 040: Launch it? interviewer: Alright And a small small boat um that um might be used on a river? 040: A motorboat? interviewer: Now something that you wouldn't- uh wouldn't have the- wouldn't have- 040: Row boat. interviewer: Alright do you have any other names for that? 040: Canoes? interviewer: Do you know the term- uh do you ever use the term either John boat or bateau? 040: No. interviewer: Neither of those. Um. Say that someone says have you been to the store yet? Uh and you say no but I am- 040: Going? interviewer: Say the whole thing. 040: Going. interviewer: Yeah. 040: I am going. interviewer: Yeah. And we 040: We are going? interviewer: #1 They- # 040: #2 No we- # They are going. interviewer: Alright and someone's passing around a- a some um some dessert and they seem to have skipped past you and- and you might say am I? To get some. 040: Am I going to get some? interviewer: And then speaking of that they've been- say They going to get some. 040: They're going to get some. interviewer: Question though. 040: Are they going to get some? interviewer: And a child has been um uh is uh one of your children looking for um uh uh article of clothing um you find the clothing you might say here- 040: Here it is. interviewer: Okay. Using the word clothes. Would you- would- using the word clothes would you als- always used that as- would you always say here are your clothes would you ever say here is your clothes? 040: No I would say here are but- interviewer: Even if it's just the one sweater? 040: No I would refer to the article. interviewer: You wouldn't call it clothes. 040: No. interviewer: Okay. Um. You see I don't th- think so but many people there uh- many people that um 040: #1 Think so or thought so? # interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah we say there are many people that think so or uh there's many- do you ever say there's many people? 040: Yeah that- that's used. There is. interviewer: Uh-huh. Can you say the whole thing then? 040: There is many people. interviewer: Alright. 040: Most- interviewer: Now would you say that thinks so or that think so? 040: That think so. interviewer: Okay. Um. Is the expression right smart used much in this area? 040: Right smart? Yes. interviewer: Now. In ha- how- now how would- how is it- would it uh Would it be used? In what kinds of different ways? 040: Well you were referring to the weather a while ago we might say that it uh it rained a right smart last night. interviewer: Okay. How bout um um- Would you ever use it to- for instance uh to indicate a difference? Someone says is there much difference between this and that? 040: Yes. interviewer: And you say? 040: There's a right smart difference. interviewer: Okay a right smart- would you ever used that in your #1 own- okay # 040: #2 Yes I would. # interviewer: Now. Are there any other ways you use it? 040: No I don't know- interviewer: Right smart of ways I use it. 040: {NW} interviewer: {NW} 040: There's many ways I'm sure but they're less used. interviewer: Yeah what- what I was thinking of it used um um Would you ever just say something is right smart? 040: No. interviewer: Uh. Would you ever s- would you ever say um uh Right smart of them do. For many of them who whichever- 040: No. No. interviewer: But the only way you'd use the term apparently is- is to mean just uh 040: A great- a great {X} interviewer: Many and then a right smart uh it rained- it rained right smart or 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: #1 Uh # 040: #2 The- # large amount or interviewer: Okay. Right. And um if you're petting a dog and the dog shied away from you you might say come here I to hurt you I? 040: I'm not going to hurt you? interviewer: Alright. And if you're not certain that you're right about something you might say I'm right You- you're trying to confirm it with someone else. They'd say I'm right. 040: Am I not? interviewer: Well is- would that be natural for you to say am I not? 040: Well it would be to me but uh interviewer: You wouldn't- it wouldn't- 040: Lot of- a lot of the times you would say ain't I? interviewer: Uh-huh. Now how- how- Where do you stand on the use of ain't? 040: I don't care for it. interviewer: Okay. How about would you ever say I'm right aren't I? that sounds foreign or- or 040: No I don't- interviewer: {X} 040: I don't like that. interviewer: Okay. So you'd say I'm right am I not? 040: That- that's what I would say. interviewer: Okay well that's all I'm you know interested in. They um uh something happened uh um and um oh someone- someone took something away and um uh and you might say uh oh that's alright going to do it anyway we- That isn't a very good example the i- the idea is um uh someone apologizes for doing something to something weird then you say um 040: Well that's alright. interviewer: You say that's alright because we- going to do it anyway we- 040: We are. We #1 were. # interviewer: #2 in the past. # Yeah that's it. Um someone says did you break that um did you break that window and you'd say no it- 040: It wasn't me. interviewer: Okay. That's- that's um uh How bout the use of the- of the uh expression be? I be or he be does that- is that um- 040: Uh-uh. interviewer: He's busier than I be? 040: No we don't- interviewer: Never uh how be you? For how are you? 040: No. interviewer: Is that used at all? 040: I don't ever hear it. interviewer: Okay. If you were going to get some um uh some uh uh drapes and you are- or some uh uh some upholstery you had some upholstery then you might stop at the store and bring home a small piece of cloth what would you call that? 040: A sample. interviewer: Alright. And talking about a- uh a uh a dress. Say that's a uh what kind of a dress? It's attractive it's a- it's a 040: Pretty? interviewer: Yeah. 040: Pretty. interviewer: Alright if that dress is pretty 040: #1 Now that- # interviewer: #2 then- # 040: That's the word you'll find pronounced most anywhere around here some of them say pretty. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: Some will say pretty. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: And uh it's- interviewer: Some will say pretty huh? 040: It's just plain old pretty. interviewer: Uh-huh. And a- and a- what is- is- if this dress is pretty but the other dress is even? 040: Prettier. interviewer: Okay. And something you might wear over a a- a dress when you're um um cooking? 040: Apron? interviewer: Alright. And s- this is a? 040: A pen. interviewer: And something used to a- a diaper? 040: A pin. interviewer: Okay. Alright do you hear a difference in those two sounds when you say 'em or are they about the same? 040: No not when we're talking there's no difference. interviewer: Okay. They're both pen or both pin? 040: Pin. Both pin. interviewer: Okay. 040: Closer to pin. interviewer: Alright. and if um and a beggar might use a cup made of- 040: Metal? interviewer: Yeah what do they call that metal though? 040: Tin cup. interviewer: Okay and uh a dime is 040: Silver. interviewer: Yeah you might call it a dime or you might- might even a nickel five? 040: Well it's ten cents. interviewer: Okay. How bout tin and ten are those about the same as pin and pen? 040: Uh yes. interviewer: Okay. And if you go out on a cold day you might put on a- 040: A sweater or a coat. interviewer: Okay. And 040: #1 A wrap. # interviewer: #2 speaking of that- # Oh pardon? 040: A lot of people will refer to it as a wrap. interviewer: Okay. Now if you're talking about something with buttons you'd say that coat has buttons 040: On it? interviewer: Yeah Um and something a man might wear between a coat and a shirt? 040: It's a vest. interviewer: Okay. And these are? 040: We usually refer to them as pants. interviewer: Okay do you ever call them anything else? 040: Well they're trousers. interviewer: How bout- do you ever- 040: Britches? interviewer: #1 Okay. # 040: #2 Britches. # interviewer: Now. u- under what circumstance would you use britches would you use that seriously or just jokingly or wha- 040: Well I would sue it jokingly but now the- the older generation would- and your- your more rural area will say britches and- interviewer: {B} that he just said that's- 040: Britches? interviewer: Britches is the natural expression and then trousers is you know kind of an expectation. 040: Yeah. When you're trying impress the- interviewer: Sure. Um. And if someone said uh uh did you bring my coat you say yes I have- 040: Brought it? interviewer: Yeah. And try the coat on he says how does that coat fit he tried the coat on yesterday. He said that coat 040: Fits I guess. interviewer: Okay yesterday then I tried that coat on yesterday and it? 040: It fit. interviewer: #1 Okay. # 040: #2 Don't know what else to say. # interviewer: And you- a man buys a coat and pants and he has a- 040: Suit. interviewer: And it's not an old one but a- 040: New. interviewer: Okay. Say the whole thing again. 040: New suit. interviewer: Okay. And the pockets are all filled up with things say the pocket's- 040: Bulging. interviewer: Okay. And the uh uh if- if you wash something in um uh I'm not sure if it's cold or hot water but it might? 040: Shrink? interviewer: Okay. And yesterday it? 040: Shrank. interviewer: And it has- 040: Shrunk. interviewer: Okay. Um and a- a woman uh enjoys uh putting on um uh uh fancy clothes you say she likes to? 040: Dress up. interviewer: Alright now how bout uh a term for putting on make-up? It's kind of fussing around putting on make-up. Would you talk about that in terms of dressing up or might you- 040: A lot of people might call it a hair sprucing-up. interviewer: Okay. How bout the term primp up or 040: Yeah primp. Yeah primp is more when you're fixing #1 your face. # interviewer: #2 put- put make-up. # You wouldn't talk about that with reference to the clothing? That would be- 040: No. No. interviewer: Um something that you put um- uh coins in. Carry a small coin 040: Purse? interviewer: Alright. 040: #1 Pocket book? # interviewer: #2 and # 040: Pocket book is referred to a lot around here. interviewer: Now is- either one is a pocket book 040: #1 Uh-huh yes. # interviewer: #2 or are they two different things? # 040: Pocket book and a purse is the same. interviewer: Okay. Um. But that's the outside that's the- the thing you buy that 040: #1 Uh-huh yes # interviewer: #2 makes it # Okay. That's not the small change thing is it? 040: No. interviewer: Uh. On a wrist that uh a um- might have a watch or just a- 040: Bracelet. interviewer: Alright. And around neck you might wear a? 040: A necklace. interviewer: Alright. Now if you're talking about it in terms- with reference to beads. You might call it a what of beads? 040: A string of beads. interviewer: Okay. And men uh sometimes wear a belt or sometimes wear 040: Galluses. interviewer: Okay now is that- that word is the- is the usual um 040: Suspenders. interviewer: Yeah well both of them but how- how do you- Well I want to get into the- you know the word galluses but you- How do you use it I mean it what- under what circumstance or it just one is as good as the other? 040: {D: Another me one big or the other} interviewer: Okay. Bucket or pale same- that sort of thing. And something you open up on a rainy day? 040: An umbrella. interviewer: Alright. And something you put over the uh after you've made up the bed you put this over? 040: The spread? interviewer: Okay. Um. Something you rest your- when you go to bed you rest your head on a? 040: Pillow. interviewer: Now a large pillow that goes- 040: Now that spread back there on the bed a lot of people call it a counterpane. interviewer: It- do you ever use that? 040: No I don't but the older generation might. interviewer: Okay so same thing though? 040: #1 Uh-huh. # interviewer: #2 as a- # 040: A spread and a counterpane. interviewer: How bout a large pillow? A- a long pillow? Maybe a round one that goes- 040: No I don't know what it's called but a pillow. interviewer: Okay your- term bolster you don't- 040: No. interviewer: And if something doesn't go partway across you say that goes? 040: All the way across. interviewer: Okay. You never use clean or clear or plumb or- 040: Uh you'll find the older generation using clean across. interviewer: Okay. Now this is something that you um uh something its uh washable impossible ti- uh but not tied. something like a blanket. Women used to make these. 040: Quilt? interviewer: No. Um. In a bed made up on the floor- 040: Pallet. interviewer: And if soil is very rich say this is what kind of soil? 040: Well we'd say it's good soil or uh referred to as top soil #1 sometimes. # interviewer: #2 Yeah. # But uh something that starts with fur some fur. 040: I don't know. This would be a- Fur? interviewer: Yeah that's it. Now how bout low lying land along a stream? So its like what in the spring and fog later 040: It's a swamp? interviewer: Okay. Now. This is some- but uh 040: Uh the bottomland. interviewer: Alright. 040: #1 That's what the farmers- # interviewer: #2 Now is there a difference- # 040: Farmers if they're- if you're gonna plow it it would be a far- a bottom land. interviewer: But the part- the- the um uh 040: A swamp wouldn't be called anything. interviewer: Alright how bout low lying grasslands? 040: I don't know what that'd- interviewer: Um well just uh just a um um. There was a song that was very popular when you were about a sophomore or junior in high school and the last part of it was in the meadow. There's something in the #1 meadow. # 040: #2 Yeah. # interviewer: Well meadow is the word I'm- 040: Meadow. interviewer: Meadow so for the term meadow uh 040: Uh it's not too familiar. interviewer: The term meadow is used- meadow's the word I want you to pronounce so I- so I see that I left the tree out and gave you the word meadow. How bout a um- um uh now swamps uh you think of and uh any kind of uh inland uh- 040: Low area that's not cultivated. interviewer: And there's usually water in there all the time. Um. Any name for poor sandy soil? 040: Now we- No. We have rocky soil more here we don't have sandy. interviewer: Do you use the word loam or loom for anything that you use in reference to soil? 040: No not for soil. interviewer: Okay. What do you think a loam is? 040: Well loom uh something looms over you I- we use that some. interviewer: No this is a- 040: Referring to soil no. interviewer: And if they uh- they wanted to- to plant the bottom land or- or they wanted- they wanted to plant a swamp they might uh have to have to do what? 040: They have to clear it. interviewer: And then- alright and then they have to- to get the water off they have to 040: Grain it? interviewer: Sure and they might then they have to cut a- 040: A ditch. interviewer: Okay. And um a um uh just bodies of maybe just a couple of- of um um bodies of water around here. 040: Well we have ponds we have rivers we have creeks interviewer: What- what are the names of some of the ponds? Are they- do they have name? 040: They don't they don't have- interviewer: Ponds don't have names. How bout the- the- what rivers are there around here? 040: Well there's the {X} river and the {X} river. interviewer: Alright how bout creeks? 040: Louden River and Tennessee River. We have Sweetwater Creek uh We have um Head of the Creek and uh that's more referred to the Sweetwater Creek. interviewer: Head of the Creek is part of the- the Sweetwater Creek is that right? 040: Yes it's- Aux: {D: Nochta Creek} 040: The Notcha Creek's over in Monroe county. Other part of Blue Springs. interviewer: Do you have any branches? 040: We don't refer to ba- branches much. They're not named. interviewer: You know I see but a- a branch is a branch 040: A branch is smaller than a creek. interviewer: Is it bigger than a stream- than a- a spring? 040: A branch would be what comes from the spring. interviewer: I see- 040: A spring branch. interviewer: I see so a spring becomes a- 040: Well we call it a spring branch yeah. interviewer: I see. But you have names for the springs but not for the branches? Is that right? 040: Usually yeah uh yeah. interviewer: Okay. Um how bout a- a um um a uh a deep narrow valley of a small stream? um it's a- a uh a uh- a- a- a- 040: A ditch or a- interviewer: Yeah something dug by a channel Dug by a- you know created by a stream. I don't think you use the term I'm referring to gully or a- or a- 040: Yeah. Gully is quite familiar. {NW} interviewer: Okay. 040: Washing out the gullies. interviewer: Yeah now that- that's isn't that more of a channel cut by erosion though? 040: Yes that's- that's erosion gully is. interviewer: I was thinking of a ravine or a- a drawl or a gulch or something like that- 040: No we don't use- interviewer: Okay. Um. A s- A small elevation is a? 040: Hill? interviewer: Yeah now what's something a little higher than that a? 040: A ridge. interviewer: And higher than that? 040: A mountain? interviewer: Okay. Now between two mountains there's a- you look and you see two mountains peaks and you see a space what do you call that sp- 040: Well that's a gap. interviewer: Okay. And um. It's a part that um- I've been doing this for about- for about ten years and this is the first part of the test I've been in where people have you know had an answer for this so it's very refreshing. Uh. Something tha- 040: A gap? interviewer: Yeah I mean they have no name at all between mountains uh- 040: Open up the gap. interviewer: Yeah. Gap or pass or- 040: Yeah. interviewer: Close is another one you ever heard of a close? 040: I've heard it but it's not familiar here. interviewer: Alright. Um and something that extends out on a mountain or a high hill that you might be- you might be able to walk out on. 040: Um. A ledge. interviewer: Or a- that's right or another name for it. Usually you think of that in terms of um jumping off a- let's see what- you're less likely to say jumping off a ledge you'd say jumping off a- 040: A cleft? interviewer: Yeah and um the um a place where boats stop and uh upon which freight is unloaded. 040: A dock. interviewer: Okay. and if the- and when the water- the water's running along and suddenly it drops sharply. 040: A fall. Waterfall. interviewer: Okay and something a little smaller than that what would you call it not as much as a fall but just a place where water runs more swiftly. #1 You use the word- # 040: #2 Rapid. # Rapids? interviewer: Okay do you ever use the word shoals around here? 040: Yes they are used on- interviewer: What would be that- 040: Like around {X} you'll find that word. interviewer: What's that thing? Which word? 040: Shoals. interviewer: How do you pronounce it? Um. Alright now this is different kinds of roads the composition of some different kinds of roads. 040: Well we have asphalt and concrete. interviewer: Okay. Um. 040: Or gravel. interviewer: Um what's another name for uh- for a- for a um for asphalt? 040: Tar. interviewer: Okay. And- and a road out in the uh uh off the main that might not get refinished at all that'd be called a- 040: The country road or the gravel road. interviewer: Okay. Um. How bout a small road in the- in a um- um or a s- how would you distinguish a- a uh like the one in front of your house what would you call that? 040: It's a street. interviewer: Okay a street you think of a street as- as opposed- as a smaller something smaller than a- than a road but- but uh um- 040: A road is usually leading out of town and a street is within a town. interviewer: Alright. How bout something that goes to the public road after the house? Or- 040: The sidewalk? interviewer: Well this is something you might be able to drive up on. 040: Driveway. interviewer: Okay. Now I don't- Do you have any grass between your sidewalk and the- and the um- well you have grass- what do they call that officially that'd be interesting if they- 040: Grass? interviewer: Grass between the sidewalk and the street. If they have that in- in Sweetwater. 040: We don't have that. interviewer: Okay. And there's no- the i- the notion I mean the idea of even having a name for that sort of thing then probably is- Hear things like uh a grass strip or a [X} or a parkway or a parking strip or a- 040: No. interviewer: Tree horn none of those? 040: Uh-uh. interviewer: Okay. Um. You pick something up and might pick something up and uh you say he did what at a dog he? 040: He threw it. interviewer: Alright and if you pick something up and it was hard you might call that a what? 040: A rock? interviewer: Okay. Um. You ring the doorbell and- you go to a friend's house and you- and you ring the doorbell and you say well I guess she isn't 040: Home. interviewer: Alright. and um you'd say uh say where is uh where uh- after she gets home say now she's at the house you wanna- something in between that. She's- 040: At the house? interviewer: Okay and and now you're speaking of the kitchen she's- 040: In the kitchen. interviewer: Okay she's at the house but in the kitchen. 040: Uh-huh. Okay. And um someone asks you um uh See I don't see how he can eat that dry cereal milk I don't see how he can eat that dry cereal- Without? interviewer: Yeah. And say I- I'd much rather have it- 040: With. interviewer: You would say both expressions using milk after it though? 040: I'd much rather have it with milk. With milk. Not without milk. interviewer: Right thank you. Um. Say I um I saw someone coming- 040: Toward? interviewer: Yeah. And you might come home and say guess who I ran- 040: Into. interviewer: Okay. Um. And say we named the child- gave the same- the child the same name as the uh- the uncle and- and you say we named the child- 040: After. interviewer: Okay. And a four-legged animal that barks is a- 040: Dog. interviewer: Okay and a call to a dog to attack another dog. 040: Sic him. interviewer: Okay. And the na- a name for a dog of uh of um uh mixed breed. 040: Of course that was- interviewer: Huh. 040: Uh Aux: Mutt. 040: Well. He's a mixed dog is I guess what we might say or he's a- interviewer: I just wanted to use a term like Cur or- or mongrel or feist or scrub or some or any of those. 040: No he's more of a mixed breed. interviewer: #1 Okay # 040: #2 I'd say # a mixed dog. interviewer: Say he was what by a dog? 040: He was bitten. interviewer: Uh. You say I saw the dog- 040: Bite him? interviewer: Yeah and um uh say did the dog- let's see let's see uh you'd say did the dog bite him you say yes the dog 040: Bit. interviewer: Okay. And a uh um The animal the- the principle- the animal on a dairy farm is a- 040: Cow. interviewer: Alright and the male counterpart is a- 040: Bull. interviewer: Alright. Now. Are there any uh uh special terms that you- you remember that might be used in the presence of women to avoid using the term bull is that is that- 040: {NW} Male cow or- interviewer: Uh-huh. yeah 040: One of our preachers referred to it as a Truman cow. interviewer: Or Jefferson cow. {NW} And the uh they have two animals a- a- animals used for plowing other than horses. Sometimes. 040: Oxen? interviewer: Yeah. Uh they use oxen around here? 040: No. interviewer: What do they use- might use around here? 040: Horse. interviewer: Or. anything else? 040: Mule? interviewer: Uh-huh. They use mules around here? 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: Alright now you have two of them working together you 040: #1 They're a team. # interviewer: #2 call it? # 040: Team of mules. interviewer: Okay. And how bout a left shoe and a right shoe you call that a- 040: Pair. interviewer: Would you ever use that with a- referring to mules? working together? 040: I haven't I've always heard a team of mules. interviewer: Okay. And a young cow is a- 040: Calf. interviewer: Alright. And if uh a cow uh you'd say uh Daisy is going to- The cow is- Prefaced with calf you'd say Daisy is going to- 040: To have a cow? interviewer: Yeah. And a um um a male uh the male counterpart of a- of a like the- the male and female horse is a- Well first what's a ri- a riding animal is a- 040: It's the horse. interviewer: Alright and The plura- the plural is- 040: Horses? interviewer: Alright the female horse. The old gray- 040: Mare? interviewer: Yeah. Okay. And how- and how bout male horse? 040: Uh the stud. interviewer: Okay. And tha- speaking of- of a- a in the horse's back and you go for a 040: Ride? interviewer: Yeah and yesterday I- 040: Went for a ride? interviewer: Yeah but yesterday- 040: I rode? interviewer: And many times I have- 040: Ridden. interviewer: Alright. And he was riding on a horse and he fell- 040: Off. interviewer: And the little boy in- in uh uh in bed you say he fell- 040: Out of bed. interviewer: The whole thing. 040: Out of bed. interviewer: Okay. And this is something you pitch at- at uh- A horse wears these things. You pitch them- 040: Shoe horseshoe. interviewer: Alright and plural? 040: Horseshoes. interviewer: And the horse wears them on his? 040: Feet. No his uh Aux: Hooves? 040: Hoofs? interviewer: Yeah and the singular? 040: Hoof? interviewer: Okay. And um a- a um the uh substance that grows on a sheep's back? 040: Wool. Aux: And the male is called a? The male sheep- the female they don't- they don't raise any sheep around here? 040: No we don't raise sheep. interviewer: Okay. 040: {NW} interviewer: Um. How bout a- the animal that pork is got from is a- 040: Well its a hog or a pig. interviewer: Alright what's the male called? Aux: Boar. 040: Boar? interviewer: Alright. And the um- uh the the stuff hairs on a hog's back you'd call that? Aux: Whiskers. 040: Bristle? interviewer: Okay or a toothbrush. And the- and a- and a um do they have any uh uh wild hogs uh 040: Yeah they have 'em called boar hunts. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: Up in Talaco. interviewer: What are they called? 040: Wild boars? interviewer: Okay. They call 'em anything else? 040: No not around here. interviewer: And they have- those wild ones have two- 040: Tusk? interviewer: Yeah. Alright. And and the pigs and hogs eat from a- 040: Trough. interviewer: And the plural of that is? 040: {NW} Troughs I guess. interviewer: Sure. Um- The um- uh sound that uh- oh here's it is couple things here a uh- a bone- a chicken bone that- take either- pull on it. 040: It's called a pulley bone or a wishbone. interviewer: Okay. Now what is the uh- what i- what is the uh- What's supposed to happen when you do that? What's the- 040: You make a wish and whoever gets the short stub I believe I don't know I guess so- Which one is it? Aux: {X} 040: The long side of it. interviewer: #1 {X} # 040: #2 {X} # interviewer: Okay. Okay. Um I- do you have another uh a name for the um uh the edible insides of a pig or calf? Alright uh- 040: What's that the liver or the- interviewer: Alright. Yeah. How bout liver and something else? Lights. 040: Your what? Aux: Lights. interviewer: Yeah. Your liver and lights? 040: No. interviewer: And then a- the uh- the intestines that are someti- sometimes fried 040: Oh gee {NW} interviewer: You heard of chitlins? 040: Yeah that's familiar- interviewer: But you don't know that word- that word isn't really in your active vocabulary? 040: Not in mine but maybe it's around here. interviewer: Alright and something a chicken lives in is a- A chicken- 040: Chicken coop. interviewer: Alright. And a uh- a- a chicken sitting on an egg is called a? 040: Setting hen. interviewer: Alright and if you go out uh to feed they uh- you'd say I'm going out to feed the- 040: Chickens. interviewer: Alright and if you're going to feed the uh um the o- the animals you say I'm going out to feed the- 040: The stock? interviewer: Okay. And the sound a horse makes at feeding time? 040: Bray? Or- interviewer: Okay I was thinking of something like whinny or- or nicker or wicker- 040: Now whinny is a- interviewer: Alright how bout the sound a cow or calf makes at feeding time? 040: I don't know. Aux: {X} interviewer: Alright. And a- the sound a calf makes being weaned Calf being the noise- 040: No I say they bellow. interviewer: Okay. Um. Now let's see. Um. Oh a name for- to- to render a horse bull calf or {D: boy to cat} sterile what's that called? 040: Spay? interviewer: Okay now that's for males or that's- that's for females? 040: That's for the females. interviewer: The males. 040: I don't know. interviewer: Okay. Um. How uh Do you know a name for a- for a uh uh a male hog that has been- been uh uh 040: No. interviewer: Okay. That's a- the term barrel but that's- they have the pronunciation of that as wheelbarrow so- wonder if there's any connection. Now. Um. Do you uh how would you call- did you ever have to call cows in from the pasture? 040: No. interviewer: Okay. Or make them stand still at milking? Uh. Do you have- H- do you know how to do that? Aux: Huh? interviewer: How would you call out- call in cows from the pasture? Aux: {X} interviewer: Okay. And how bout to make them stand still at milking? Aux: Well I don't know I always just slap 'em on the rump. interviewer: Okay you slap 'em You ever said anything like sow or saw or- Aux: {D: Yeah saunder.} interviewer: {D: Saunder?} And how bout calls to calves? Any special calls to calves? Aux: No. interviewer: Or calls to horses to make- Oh you know this about making horses turn left and right. 040: Oh that's gee and haw. interviewer: Okay. Do you know which is which? 040: Gee's to the right and haw's to the left. interviewer: Okay. Uh uh calls to horses to get them in from the pasture do you remember? Aux: {X} interviewer: Okay. And to get a horse started you'd say- 040: Giddy-up. interviewer: And to get a horse to stop? 040: Whoa. interviewer: A call to pigs at feeding time? 040: Soot. interviewer: And calls- well calls the chicken. Aux: Chicka chicka. 040: Chick chick. interviewer: Alright. And if you're getting a horse ready for- to take him out for a drive you say I have to do what to the horse I have to? Aux: Harness him. 040: What put the harness on him or interviewer: Yeah. Um. What I mean- would you ever just use the term harness? To harness him? 040: I suppose so. interviewer: Alright. And the things you hold when you're plowing? 040: The reigns? interviewer: Alright. you call 'em reigns whether you're plowing or riding horseback? 040: {X} Reigns yes. interviewer: Okay. And the things you put your feet in when you're riding? 040: The stirrups. interviewer: Alright. And do you have a special name for the horse on the left and the horse on the right when plowing? 040: Yes but now I don't know what they are. I've heard 'em referred to but I don't know. interviewer: Ah. If something is in the long distance it's a-