interviewer: Now the last thing we talked about last night is what uh- the uh- talked about the horse and about that. Right. Um. Did I ask you about the- the uh- something being a considerable distance away what you'd call that? Something was a- you say that- that- that's- that's really- you might say it's a- 040: Um far off. interviewer: Okay and something a short distance you could say it's a- 040: Close. interviewer: Okay. {X} it's a little- 040: Away. Aux: {X} interviewer: Okay. Um. How bout little pieces you ever use that? 040: Yeah we use that sometimes. There's slow people there. interviewer: Okay. And if something isn't difficult to find you say oh we can- you can find that just about any 040: I tend to say you can find that most anywhere. Any where. interviewer: And if someone fell this way you'd say he- he fell- 040: Backwards? interviewer: Okay he fell this way. 040: That's forwards. interviewer: Okay. And um if I ask you are there any left and you say oh n- {NS} 040: I would say not any. interviewer: Okay. Um. Someone asks you if you've done something wrong and you say no I- 040: I haven't. interviewer: {D: Say the whole thing} 040: I haven't done anything. interviewer: Okay. Um. And someone had a um a someone broke a {X} let's say and you'd say oh that's alright {X} Oh that's alright I didn't like it very much {X} Someone passing out uh um samples and you say well you didn't give me- 040: Any. interviewer: Okay. And if a little boy is uh uh seems to be uh spoiled. Uh. {D: That's not quite a thing to say} But he grows up he'll have his trouble. Thinking here about something like um probably likely to not or {X} to not 040: Most likely is what I'd probably say. interviewer: And what do you call the trenches dug by a plow? 040: A furrow. interviewer: And the uh the new ways that they select {X} corn {X} 040: {X} interviewer: And uh- before we plant it we have to the land? 040: {X} the land? interviewer: Yeah. And if uh you have one crop of uh hay let's say and then uh the end- the uh {X} another {X} you call that a- 040: A separate crop Or a meat crop. interviewer: Okay. Uh. And wheat tied up is called a- 040: Shock. interviewer: Alright. Now. 040: Or a bale. interviewer: Alright what's the difference between a bale and a shock? 040: Well a shock is loose- more loose than a- interviewer: Okay. If you have one bushel and you have thirty-nine then you have- 040: Bushels. interviewer: Okay. And if- speaking of- of oats say you're talking about oats that- after they're- they're cut they they're gathered they say oats- a machine that does this. 040: Are ground I guess. interviewer: Alright. Would you ever use the term threshed or creshed? 040: Yes I would uh-huh. interviewer: Which- which one sounds better to you? 040: Um. We would say threshing. interviewer: Okay. And talking about uh the two of us doing something you know nobody else is gonna do it. Uh we'll have to do it. You say you- 040: Alone? interviewer: No two people are gonna do it. You're talking to me and you say {X} who's gonna move that? And we're going to move it but you want to say- instead of saying we you say- 040: You and I? interviewer: Yeah. That's the {X} so forth. And speaking of two people you'd say um uh uh Someone's trying to separate one of the {X} you say that {X} 040: {X} interviewer: Yep. And um Who is coming over you would say um you're going over there with uh your son you'd say {X} pronouns you'd say- 040: Uh we're coming home. interviewer: Alright now separate those and usually you'd say- 040: He and I are coming. interviewer: Yeah. And someone says uh {D: Did you train for the {X}} and you say you ask the opponent someone asks you and you might say its- 040: I would say it is ours but most- most people here say it differently. interviewer: Okay and if there's- and how bout with uh someone else? you say um uh Ask about uh say uh um- Mr Carver'd say it- {NS} 040: It's for you or what's- interviewer: Would you say its in reference to something that mr Carver would say it's 040: Busy? interviewer: Alright and- and the female would say- 040: It is chilly. interviewer: Alright and a number of people would even say- 040: Well we use {D: they they}. interviewer: Alright. Does that sound like it's they {X} 040: To me you'd {X} interviewer: If you talk about someone's height you'd say uh she isn't as tall something something. She isn't as tall as- 040: For most women we would say me. interviewer: Alright. I'm not as tall as- 040: As she is. interviewer: Okay. Um. But uh he can do it better than- Speak for yourself now. 040: Well I would- I would say he can do it better than I can. interviewer: Alright. You're talking about the- the business you go on and the walks they were several miles is- 040: Is too far? interviewer: Yes but you want to make it uh- to show that it's- It's as far as you can go you'd say two miles is as far as I can go. But how bout using something like all the farther all the further or farthest something like that. 040: {X} interviewer: Okay. And if something- if I ask you uh {D: now with {X} you'd say it's- 040: That's yours. interviewer: And if it belonged to both of us you'd say it's- 040: Ours. interviewer: And if it belonged to {X} you'd say it's- 040: It's theirs. interviewer: And if it belonged to him? 040: It's his. interviewer: And it belonged to her. 040: It's hers. interviewer: Okay. So that's for {X} and so forth Now at- with- with a- uh that's fairly common isn't it? 040: Yes. interviewer: Especially with old people And also they use a- {NS} a {X} 040: Yeah. Yeah. interviewer: If you had some friends over and they {X} they left uh anything you might say? When are- coming again when are- 040: When are you all. interviewer: Okay. Yeah. Now would you ever use that in the singular? Just one person? 040: No I nearly say you. That [X} is very familiar. interviewer: How bout something belonging to someone else? Might you ever ask if there are several people uh you might ask about their car. Would you ever say is that- 040: Not their car or- interviewer: You're talking to them. 040: Your. interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you ever say is that y'all's car? 040: No. If it's talking to one person maybe use it. interviewer: Alright. If you wanted to know everyone who was at a party you might say was there you might ask someone- 040: Who all. interviewer: Uh-huh. And then you wanted to know everything that- that- that someone said you might ask what? 040: What did she say? interviewer: Okay. If you ever wanted to get everything would you ever- would you ever use what all did they say? 040: Yes you've heard it uh-huh. interviewer: What's that? 040: What all. interviewer: Okay. Um and if um- some people are uh uh people- young couple just moves away you say well now they're moving away from their parents now they're going to have to look out- 040: For themselves. interviewer: And you'd say uh I'd help him but he better do it- 040: Well you're gonna run into hisself. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: Mostly but uh I would say themselves. interviewer: Okay. One person you'd say he could do it better- 040: By himself. interviewer: Okay. Now here's some different kinds of- of bread. Uh. What do you call uh wheat bread in loaves? 040: White bread? interviewer: Okay. Now D- Do you ever call it- uh do you ever use any other terms for that? Just the usual. 040: No it's white bread. interviewer: Are there any other kinds of bread made with flour or white bread? 040: Well we have rolls and biscuits. interviewer: What kind of rolls? 040: Well we usually just call 'em hot rolls. interviewer: Uh-huh. How do hot rolls differ from biscuits? 040: They're made with yeast. interviewer: That the roll rises and I see. Now what about uh uh corn bread- things made with corn bread. 040: Well we I- I call it corn bread. A lot of people call it corn pony. interviewer: Alright. Now are there any other kinds of bread or cake made with corn meal? 040: Uh there's um bread called fritter. interviewer: Alright. What's that? 040: Fried. interviewer: How bout um something- now this might be what you're talking about. That's something made like a frying pan? 040: Yes. interviewer: But you just pour it in a frying pan. Is it ever called anything else? 040: Uh yes. Um. interviewer: Would you ever call it uh um would- I'm thinking of the term mold cake. 040: Now that's an old term But they- they just call it mold cake. interviewer: Okay. And how bout uh uh corn bread made in the ashes of a fire? 040: I think they call those corn holes don't they? interviewer: Alright. And pa- something made out of board in front of the fire? 040: That's um- I can't remember what they refer- interviewer: Alright. How bout something made in fish grease? You drop- you roll it up and drop it in fish grease. 040: I don't know. interviewer: They put pieces of onion in there and add a corn meal dough and then they Fry fish you wrap that- {NS} 040: We call it a big fat frying here interviewer: #1 Okay. # 040: #2 {X} # interviewer: You ever do that with- with corn bread? 040: Not with corn bread. interviewer: How bout rolling up a- corn- corn bread and uh- boiling it with um- with greens? 040: No now we'll mix cornbread and corn. interviewer: What do you- 040: Kernels of corn. interviewer: I see. Does that just kind of thicken it you mean or- 040: No you'll fry it hard. interviewer: And what's that- 040: {X} thick. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: While we used to call it a- uh corn bread of a kind. interviewer: I see, what {X} what is the- uh I believe- 040: I never make it but I have seen it. interviewer: The kind of things I was thinking about here are either um uh uh things are called- either called hush puppies. Or um- 040: Well we have hush puppies. interviewer: What- Are they different? 040: Well its- Its fried its deep fat fried. interviewer: Are they small things? 040: Small. interviewer: Alright. And what about uh corn {X} 040: Well a corn {X} is uh- its baked in the oven more. interviewer: Is uh- what does that mean? What #1 {X} # 040: #2 Corn- # {X} instead of saying corn bread. interviewer: I see. That's- that's the same- that's interesting that's the same thing that uh mr uh {B} {X} Corn bread has a number of different meanings. 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: Uh. You distinguish between homemade bread or what you call the other kind? 040: Store-bought. interviewer: Okay. And something baked with a hole in the middle? {X} Uh Alright uh- What's that pastry with the hole in the middle? 040: A donut? interviewer: Alright does it have to have the hole in the middle to be a donut? 040: No. Jelly filled donut. interviewer: Okay how- and- and is that made with um yeast or not? 040: No I don't- There's some- now some of them do Yes some of them do. interviewer: What about- 040: {X} interviewer: Okay what about something that's uh made with a weak batter and cooked in a- a frying pan? Have it for breakfast. 040: Um. Waffles or- interviewer: No. Like waffles except- 040: A pancake. interviewer: Alright you ever call it anything else- 040: Yes. {NS} um {NS} {X} interviewer: Alright. Now. is the term um- any other terms for that? Do you know the term fritters? For pancakes? 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: But it- you wouldn't use it? 040: No uh usually a fritter is anything we're talking about is fried in {X} fat interviewer: {X} 040: {X} interviewer: {X} If you had one pound of flour then you had another then you'd have two? 040: Two pounds. interviewer: Alright and the center of an egg is called the- 040: Yolk. interviewer: And it's color? 040: Yellow. interviewer: And a chicken lays a- 040: Egg. interviewer: Alright. And if you put those in water for three minutes you'd have- 040: Boiled egg. interviewer: And what if you opened them up in there? In the water. 040: You'd have a poached egg. interviewer: Alright. Now um this is some different kinds of- of hog meat on the s- uh the- the meat that um uh that is uh uh has very little lean in it? You've seen the side of a hog where- 040: Well you'll refer- lotta- most everybody round here would say fatback. interviewer: Alright. 040: But uh- interviewer: Would that be with no- Does that have some lean in it? 040: Very little. interviewer: #1 Alright. # 040: #2 Very little. # interviewer: Do you have a name for the no lean at all? Or you'd still call that fatback? 040: Well what is it? Is it the meat that you use for seasoning is that what you're- interviewer: Yeah. Right. 040: Well I'd call it seasoning meat. interviewer: Alright. Okay well now {X} 040: Yes. We- we call 'em fatback. interviewer: O-okay. If you're gonna buy bacon at a in a big piece like this what would you call that a- 040: Slab bacon. interviewer: Alright. And if uh you had a fourth that is smoked and salted {X} You know? 040: {X} interviewer: Is uh smoking salted pork? 040: Cured. interviewer: Alright. And you- talking about you get a slab of meat and you cut it up and salt it what do you call that? 040: Ham. interviewer: No this is the- you have a slab and you have it for breakfast every day. 040: Oh. Bacon. interviewer: Alright. Um. And meat packed in a casing? 040: Is that- you mean the ham part or? interviewer: No this is just meat that's ground up and packed in a case there. 040: I don't know. interviewer: Oh sure. What's salami and bologna and- 040: Oh. interviewer: Different kinds of- 040: Well whatever type of {X} ham interviewer: Alright. 040: If we have bologna. interviewer: And what is that though? And how would you- I mean what does bologna and salami and stuff like that have in common they're all a pork- a pork kind too- a pork uh- 040: Well they're all pressed meats and they're packaged and- interviewer: #1 Okay # 040: #2 Sandwich # meats more. interviewer: Right. Yeah now that but um- When you use pork um like sometimes people have pork fried pork for breakfast. Um. Yeah sometimes you get links and sometimes it not. 040: Sausage. Is that what you're- interviewer: That's the word Sure sure. Um Uh and a man who cuts meat is a- 040: Butcher. interviewer: And if meat is left out too long you'd say the meat is- 040: Spoiled. {NS} interviewer: Alright. And now you mentioned pressed meat before what would you call um a uh particular kind made with a- the meat from the- the the head of a hog and its ears and so forth? Made as kind of- 040: {X} meat. interviewer: Okay. Do you have a name for ground beef rolled in tripe and pickled? Do you ever make anything like that? 040: Ground beef? interviewer: Yeah. Rolled in tripe and pickled and then sliced and fried. 040: No. interviewer: Do you eat anything that- that's- that's kind of like that uh made- made with cornmeal in the juice from from {X} meat? 040: No I've seen my mother use it but I don't know what she called it. interviewer: Scrapple or cripple? 040: Something {X} interviewer: Either- either of those? {X} How bout sausage made with liver? 040: Liverwurst. interviewer: Okay. Have you had- do you know what liver mush is? 040: No. We- we make mush from corn meal. interviewer: Okay. Do you make anything with blood with uh the the blood of a #1 freshly uh # 040: #2 No. # interviewer: slaughtered ham? Um if butter's left out too long I don't mean it's getting soft from the heat but I mean if you can't use it you'd say that butter is- 040: Ah I'd say it was spoiled I- interviewer: That's okay uh I was thinking of either uh the other two were- were rancid or throwy. 040: Not throwy we don't use that. interviewer: Okay. 040: I've heard the word rancid. interviewer: Okay. And milk that's allowed to thicken is said to be- What do you call that? 040: Uh {X} interviewer: Alright and a kind of cheese that's similar to that kind of um made out of it? 040: Uh cottage cheese? interviewer: Yeah. And in- years ago when they had to get the- when they wanted to get the impurities out of milk they would- 040: Strain it. interviewer: Alright. And- and this is a a- a pastry made with uh with apples you put uh pear or pastry on and then a layer of apples and another layer of- of {X} 040: Well we call 'em apple betties or apple {X} interviewer: Okay. And they're both the same thing? 040: Uh-huh. To me they are. interviewer: Get out a few of those things there. Before they get all the different kinds of things you eat {X} 040: Food. interviewer: And the name of a sweet liquid you might pour over a pudding? 040: The sauce. interviewer: And uh- a uh something eaten between regular meals? 040: A snack. interviewer: And you might say how often have you- 040: Eaten. interviewer: Then you answer them I- two meals I- 040: I have eaten or ate interviewer: #1 Yeah and- # 040: #2 two meals today. # interviewer: This evening I will 040: Eat. interviewer: Alright I'm going to What the {X} I'm going to roll {X} 040: Hot pour or- interviewer: Yeah. Hot liquid that- 040: Coffee. interviewer: Yeah. And- and you say what when you're going to prepare that? You'd say- 040: Well I'd say I'm going to put- put the coffee or I'm gonna fix to put. interviewer: You're thirsty and you go to the sink and get a- 040: Drink of water. interviewer: And the thing you- 040: Glass or cup. interviewer: How much water have you- 040: Drunk. interviewer: Yeah. {X} 040: I've- I have drunk or drank three glasses. interviewer: And I will- 040: Drink. interviewer: And people come in sit down you ask them- 040: To be seated. interviewer: Alright. And so then they all- 040: Sit down. interviewer: Alright. And you pass the potatoes down and you say- 040: Uh. Have some or - interviewer: Okay. 040: help yourself. interviewer: And- Alright help yourself and so then they- 040: They help themselves. interviewer: And they had- 040: Helped. interviewer: Sure. And if you don't want any food that's being passed around you'd say- 040: No thank you. interviewer: And food- you had a roast one day and you had the same thing the next? 040: That's uh leftovers. interviewer: {X} 040: {X} interviewer: And the uh the stuff that- said you made it some people had it boiled and some people had it fried. 040: That's mush. interviewer: Alright. And corn and- and uh cabbage and carrots are all different kinds of- 040: Vegetables. interviewer: And a place you grow them in a yard is a- 040: Garden. interviewer: And the uh- uh this is coarsely ground corn. Uh or- or uh its um they have to take when they take the- yellow part off. Its uh a corn product made of corn. 040: Ho- hominim? interviewer: Yeah. And what about if its ground what's that called? 040: Grits. interviewer: Okay. Alright now mr uh {B} didn't know the word grits- 040: {X} interviewer: {X} {D: He loves grits.} Now this is something you might have with um you might have instead of potatoes. White. Looks a little like {X} except it's a- it's a grain that's uh grown in swampy lands. 040: Well we call it rice. interviewer: Sure. And a name for- for cheap whiskey. 040: Moonshine. interviewer: Oh well now that would be home- home brewed but illegally made is there any- any names that come to your mind- 040: White lightning. interviewer: Okay. Now I mean both white lightning- 040: And those are slang expressions. interviewer: Sure. But both of those are- are targeted {X} or the whole group- 040: Uh yes. interviewer: If there's something- something cooking in the kitchen you might tell- tell someone just that. Just. 040: Smell. interviewer: Perfect. And this is something that's made with uh something-something like sugar. It's ground and boiled maybe. Maybe you didn't but- Well- well what do you put on pancakes? 040: Syrup. interviewer: Alright now something similar to syrup. 040: Um. Are you talking about molasses? interviewer: Yeah. Now if we talk about molasses we talk about the molasses we're gonna say it's thick. The eh- you say the molasses- 040: Uh are they thick or- interviewer: Now that's what I mean now that's what- 040: Saying they're thick or uh a lotta people say they run slower. interviewer: Okay. Okay fine. But when you say that you'd- you'd say you'd say that- say that in plural. Molasses are- 040: Thick. interviewer: Okay {X} Do the words long sweetening and short sweetening mean anything to you? In relation to sugar or molasses? 040: Um not molasses it might refer to being not so sweet with sugar or sweetening something. interviewer: The term to short-sweeten. 040: Uh-huh. interviewer: Alright. And if something isn't artificial uh it's you might say it's- 040: It's uh real or um genuine. interviewer: That's the word. Um and sugar- something might be sold in packages or it might be sold in a- In a um- Might just be a big bellow with the sugar in it. 040: Loose. interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use another word something like {D: it was brought in?} But a whole lot {X} 040: I don't know. interviewer: Do you use bulk? 040: Bulk we use. Bulk uh-huh. interviewer: Okay now Somethi- something like jam. Like with a jar. 040: Jelly? interviewer: Alright. And you have three shakers at the table. 040: Salt and pepper. interviewer: Alright and if these- this is a red fruit that grows in trees in lar- in large redwood- 040: Apple. interviewer: Now if you want one you say- you might say to someone please- 040: Hand me- interviewer: G- 040: Get me one or- interviewer: Give. 040: Give me an apple? interviewer: Yeah. And at the- which boys are you talking about are you talking about these boys and you say no- 040: Those boys. interviewer: And I say is it uh I ask you where something is you say its not far its just right- 040: Right over there. interviewer: Alright. And you're showing someone how to do {X} you do it- 040: This way. interviewer: Alright. If you don't hear what someone says you might say- 040: Pardon. interviewer: Alright. And the opposite of rich is? 040: Poor. interviewer: And you might- speaking of a poor man uh having a hard life you say a man- poor. Has a hard life. 040: Very poor? interviewer: A man who has nothing but most anything. {X} A man- 040: Is very poor? interviewer: #1 Okay. # 040: #2 Is that the right term? # interviewer: And uh you say I'm a um speaking of- you'd say I'm not a- a nurse but I have a sister- 040: Who is. interviewer: Okay. {NS} With a- with a very rich father. You might say now um he's um a boy and then father is very rich how would you say that? He's the boy 040: Who has a wealthy father? interviewer: Yeah yeah you wanna say he's uh- He's a boy um father is very rich. You wanna put a word in- in the middle there. He's a boy- 040: Whose? interviewer: Sure. And George Washington chopped down a- 040: Cherry tree. interviewer: And what do you call that thing in the middle of a cherry? 040: Pit. interviewer: And how bout a- in a peach? 040: The seed. interviewer: And a- and a- a um a peach that separates easily from its seed. 040: Freestone. interviewer: Alright and one that does not. 040: I forget what they call those now. interviewer: Well some of the- queenstone or plumpy- 040: Yes queenstone. Queenstone that's it. interviewer: Alright and the middle of an apple is called the- 040: Core. interviewer: And- you have a special name for pieces of dried apple? 040: No. interviewer: #1 You know # 040: #2 No. # interviewer: the word snits? #1 Is that- # 040: #2 No # No. interviewer: That's Pennsylvania where that is. The nut that grows underground? 040: The peanut? interviewer: You call it anything else? 040: Goobers. interviewer: Okay. How bout- 040: Now that's a very familiar way- interviewer: Yeah. 040: That's more of slang to us. interviewer: Sure. Um This is a nut that grows in a tree it has two coverings on it. 040: A hickory nut or- interviewer: Another {X} {X} 040: Walnut? interviewer: Alright. Now what do you call- you have a- you know the name for the outer covering and the inner covering? 040: {X} I call it the hull. interviewer: The outer one? What do you call the inner one? 040: We call it the shell. interviewer: Okay. And now these are a couple kinds of nuts and one kind grows here {X} The kind that grows here and both of them are used in cooking. What kind of nuts you use- 040: The peanut I mean a- The pecan. interviewer: Yeah and then the other one. 040: The walnut. interviewer: Yeah and then there's- so there's another one that you use with cooking sometimes making Christmas cookies. A white- {X} 040: The almond? interviewer: Yeah. And this is the fruit that's grown in Florida. 040: Oranges or grapefruit. interviewer: Oranges and then if your- If you had to make some orange juice you had to send someone to the store for you said the oranges are- 040: Are all rotten. interviewer: Okay. And this is a little red vegetable that grows underground. 040: A beet? interviewer: Smaller than that. It's used in salads. 040: Um a radish. interviewer: Alright. And this is the plural of that. 040: Radishes. interviewer: Alright and this is a- a- something that grows on a vine. You have to put out uh sticks so you'll get plant 040: Tomatoes. interviewer: Alright and these uh vegetables grow underground and you boil them or bake them or fry them. 040: Potatoes. interviewer: Alright now uh what different kinds of potatoes are there? 040: We have Irish potatoes and sweet potatoes. interviewer: Alright. Um. What about the kind that- cut and it makes your eyes water? 040: Onions. interviewer: Do you have a special name for the little ones that grow um- the they got the you know the- the green stalks that you pull on- 040: Well its uh green onions we call them. interviewer: Alright and this is a kind of vegetable that you eat fried. They grow it around here. 040: The squash? interviewer: Something- well what kind of squash are there? 040: Well we have a um {X} interviewer: Uh-huh. What do you call #1 the yellow one? # 040: #2 the yellow- # There's yellow squash. interviewer: Uh-huh. The kind with the green- 040: The green one I- I call them {D: barking} squash. interviewer: Okay #1 what- # 040: #2 Uh-huh. # interviewer: That's a good word. Um. How bout- this is a- a vegetable that you fry and its something like- its a little bit like {X} It's also used in- in soup. 040: Eggplant is that what you're- interviewer: Something- it's not eggplant but its okra. 040: Okra? interviewer: Yeah what do you use that for? 040: We just fry it. interviewer: Yeah well that's- uh I was in the army with a- a boy from Tennessee I'm not sure what town he was from. 040: Lot of them are bored on beans. interviewer: Yeah he was talking about fried okra all the time and I didn't know what okra was. {NW} 040: No no his fried okra. interviewer: Yeah. He loved it. 040: Good and crisp. interviewer: If something- something uh was- was- was bacon for example what might you say of bacon when you- you fry it and- and it- it gets smaller you might say the bacon- 040: It shrinks. interviewer: Uh-huh. Might you use another word for uh shrinked up you might say it Speaking of an old person you'd say why he just you would say he just uh shrunk up and died but you might say- 040: {D: shrivel?} interviewer: Yeah okay. Alright. And speaking of the side of- Hi Howard I'm all over town. {NW} Uh speaking of cabbage and would you say those ca- would you say those cabbages are big or those cabbage are big? 040: I'd say those cabbage are big. interviewer: Okay. And to take beans out of them you do this to a bean. 040: You break 'em. interviewer: Alright Now what do you call a bean that you have to break? 040: Green bean. interviewer: Alright. What about beans that you have to take out of the- out of the pod? You- 040: Well dried beans. interviewer: Yeah- 040: Or pintos. interviewer: Okay. But uh what other kinds are there? {X} 040: Well you thinking bout lima beans? interviewer: That's what I was making sure. I was wondering if you used butter beans. 040: Uh. We- we do use butter beans. interviewer: Are butter beans different from lima beans? 040: To me a butter bean is a larger more yellow. interviewer: Okay. Um. But where- when you're taking lima beans out of the pod what do you say you're doing? 040: We're shelling. interviewer: Okay. And what about beans that um- another kind of of- any other kinds of green beans? Or do they just use that one term or are there different kinds? 040: Well sometimes we'll refer to them as a type of uh half-runners or peanut bean or something like that but its um they're all a green bean. interviewer: What about the ones that are- half-runners are the ones that grow in the ground? 040: Right well. They're not stuck. In the garden {X} interviewer: What about- 040: Stick beans. interviewer: You call 'em stick beans? 040: Uh-huh. They grow on a stick. interviewer: Okay. You call 'em stick beans rather than pole beans. 040: More- more common I think is stick bean. interviewer: And what are confused Kentucky wonders? 040: Yes. interviewer: And what is that, that a kind of stick bean? 040: That's a stick bean. interviewer: #1 Okay. # 040: #2 Uh-huh. # interviewer: And names for the edible {X} and the- 040: The greens. interviewer: Okay. And if you have one head of lettuce and you had another you say you have two- 040: Two heads. interviewer: Okay do you ever use um- Talking to children that uh somebody had five children five- D'you ever use the term {X}? 040: No you done cattle. interviewer: Uh-huh but never with uh with- with kids? 040: No. not like {X} interviewer: The- on a- on an ear of corn the part that you take off 040: The kernel. interviewer: Yeah well this is over the kernel. 040: Oh the hu- um. interviewer: That's right. 040: The husk and but that's not the one- interviewer: Well that's one of them and then there's something between the husk and the corn like fine stuff. 040: The silk. interviewer: Okay. And corn served on the cob what do you call that? 040: Corn on the cob. interviewer: Uh do you have a- do you have another name for it? How bout the type of corn stock that you have to- 040: That's the tussel. interviewer: Okay. And This is a large thing it's something like a squash that grows out the garden from the ground? 040: Pumpkin. interviewer: Yeah. #1 And- # 040: #2 And # you'll find the pumpkin interviewer: #1 Yeah # 040: #2 round here. # interviewer: #1 Sure # 040: #2 {NW} # interviewer: Uh Now this a kind of melon that you chill and then eat for breakfast uh- 040: Uh Maybe something like a cantaloupe or a um um Lot of times we'll refer- refer to it as a mush melon. interviewer: The same thing? 040: Well it's got it's- interviewer: Both of them with the- the kind of- kind of #1 Mush- # 040: #2 orange-ish inside # interviewer: and brownish rough skin. Do you have a different name for the ones that are kind of greenish and white? White and yellow each side? They're about the same size except they're- 040: Dew melon. interviewer: Okay. So honeydew melon or- 040: Yes- interviewer: dew melon? 040: Well Either. Honey dew or dew. interviewer: Okay. What about those long melons that are red- 040: That's a watermelon. interviewer: Okay are there any different kinds of that you know you have names for distinguishable kinds of watermelon? 040: Well we have the striped and green. interviewer: Okay. 040: That we- interviewer: You don't use other- any other terms though for distinguishing- 040: No. interviewer: Okay. um These are little things that grow in- some of them are poisonous. Some of them are not um You have to be very careful if you're picking them when you cook 'em you- you uh use a steak. Slice 'em up and fry them. Put 'em in the fire with butter and it turns into steak. There's also soup made with this cream. 040: Mushrooms? interviewer: Yeah now do you have a name for the flavor of them? 040: You're talking about the {X} interviewer: Okay but- Now if someone has something in his throat it- it- it was stuck in his throat and you'd say he couldn't- 040: Swallow. interviewer: Alright. Um. And two- two kinds of things that people smoke are- 040: Cigarettes and cigars? interviewer: Alright. And if you don't- if you- if you don't have any outstanding debts you might say I'm not anybody I'm not- 040: I'm not in debt or I don't owe anybody. interviewer: Okay. And someone says are you are you able to do this and you say yes I- 040: Am. Or I can. interviewer: Alright. Uh and you'd say no I- 040: Can't. interviewer: When you're very tired {X} really tired because I worked- 040: Worked hard or? interviewer: Yeah well how would that whole thing all the way? I- 040: I'm tired because I really worked hard all day? interviewer: Okay. And if someone is uh uh someone has been uh- been sick for a while and then- and then they died uh {NW} the doctor arrives and you want to tell someone that the person is- is- is dead no longer alive you might say he is- 040: Well we're just used to say he's dead. interviewer: Alright. How bout already? Died you'd hear more Course I don't think you would use it as gone. 040: No. interviewer: No you wouldn't Um If someone i- isn't- isn't careful but uh should be you might say he what to be careful? 040: He- He ought. interviewer: Alright. And if you're gonna tell a child not to go someplace you'd say you- 040: You can't. interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh. How about uh do you ever use dasn't or daren't? Or uh dast? 040: Now daren't We use that {X} interviewer: Uh-huh. If someone doesn't know something that you think they should you might say to know that you- 040: You ought to know it. interviewer: Uh-huh. And- and the person wants to say that to himself. Um. He'd say I'd say- I'd say he had ought to know that. And then if the- negative of that would be he- 040: He doesn't know it or- interviewer: Um have you ever used haven't ought to know. {NS} 040: Uh yes I've heard that have not to know. interviewer: Uh-huh. Someone says will you do this and you say no I- 040: No I won't. interviewer: Alright. And a person wants to know if you'll help them um {NS} if you'll be able to help them you're not sure you say well I be able to help you I- 040: I might be able to help you? interviewer: Alright do you ever use might could? I might could help you? 040: Now that's frequent uh-huh. I've heard it. interviewer: You wouldn't use it yourself though? 040: No I don't think so. interviewer: {X} um If a person- you thought a person should have helped you but didn't you might- you might say to that person you have helped me. 040: You should have. interviewer: Okay. Um This is a kind of a of a- of a bird that makes a- a- a hooting sound. 040: Wood owl? interviewer: Alright now is there another kind of owl that hoot owl that you know? 040: No. interviewer: Kind of makes a kind of screeching sound. 040: Screech owl. interviewer: Do they have those around here too? 040: {D: Well they're not heard around here.} interviewer: Now this is a- a bird that gets up in a tree and- 040: The woodpecker? interviewer: Alright. And this is an animal with a life cycle that uh {X} 040: There's a skunk. interviewer: Okay. And do you have a general name for any kind of animal that might bother chickens? something that might- usually joking would reference a {X} 040: Uh. I've heard it but I don't remember what it's- interviewer: Think varmint. 040: Well yeah varmints- Varmints can refer to lots of things around here. interviewer: What do varmints refer to? 040: It's an animal. interviewer: Yeah but is it- 040: It would be an animal. interviewer: A predatory animal or it would- it would be um an animal that would get into- 040: Yes a- interviewer: Destructive animal. 040: Mischief. interviewer: Yeah. What kinds of animals are varmints? 040: Well usually a destroying. interviewer: Uh-huh. Are there any particular kinds of anim- 040: No. interviewer: Alright. Here's a little animal that uh eats nuts and climbs up in trees. 040: It's a squirrel. interviewer: Are there any different kinds of those? 040: {NW} Yes. Well we usually just have the squirrel just- or the tree squirrel. interviewer: What about the ones that don't get- {NS} But they're not- they're not really squirrels. They would be call- {NS} 040: {X} interviewer: Okay now little we talked about squirrels He said he likes squirrels and uh uh {X} tried to run right past him. {NS} 040: It's like a gopher? {X} A gopher is smaller than a squirrel. They dig some burrows up in the interviewer: Okay. 040: ground. interviewer: Yeah but now if you go to run around the yard you'd say the yard was {X} by the- 040: A mole? interviewer: No I was thinking of something I wouldn't use Either a ground squirrel- Gopher's okay though Gophers we call 'em {X} they had kinda couple strikes on their back dark- 040: I think so- interviewer: Couple shades of brown. Uh what kind of small fish are around here? 040: I think they have a- a croppy. interviewer: Yeah. 040: And a- course we have some catfish and some trout. interviewer: Now- But what is the sh- sh- something like fish uh seafood that is in a- in a shell you break the shell open? 040: The oyster? interviewer: Alright. And this is something- this is some- a thing that uh kind of like a uh another kind of shellfish that lives in the water? Aux: The crabs? interviewer: Alright you ever call it anything other than crab? 040: I mean I've heard other names for them but I always called them crab- interviewer: Called 'em crawfish or crawdads or- 040: Crawfish. interviewer: Now how bout something that {X} uh the kind of taste after it boils? When you have french fries? 040: You're not talking about shrimp are you? interviewer: Yeah. Um. And now these are things that hop along the ground a bit. They- They make croaking sounds they're down near the water. 040: Oh a frog? interviewer: Yeah now what do you call a great big one? 040: Bullfrog. interviewer: Alright. And what about the ones that are just on the grou- on- on- they never go in the water? 040: Um. A coke frog? interviewer: Okay and do you have a name for the little ones? That uh- 040: A tadpole? interviewer: Well. No I didn't mean that but that's- that's right but I- I was thinking of these very small green frogs that make a kind of piping noise {X} Some over on the trees {X} 040: No just the frog is all that I know. interviewer: You know about tree frogs or tree toads? 040: I've heard the expression. interviewer: Okay. Um What are these things that grow- uh we used to bake the frogs in the ground. 040: Dinner? interviewer: #1 So I'll have that too but- # 040: #2 {X} # interviewer: this is something that uh {X} 040: The little red ones? interviewer: Yep. Now these things that move along the ground very slowly they have a hard shell? 040: A snail. interviewer: Yeah bigger. Some of them you see in water and some of them you see- And when you- and when you frighten them they put their heads in their sh- the shell. 040: Turtle. interviewer: Yeah. And you call 'em turtle in the water or land or both? 040: Well the dry land turtles we call them. interviewer: Okay. #1 Um. # 040: #2 And- # interviewer: And what do you call the ones that are in the water? Do you have any special name for them? 040: Well there is a difference in them. But I can't think of it right now. interviewer: Alright. How bout a- a- these things that fly around uh- or a candle. Around a light bulb. 040: Tinderflies? interviewer: Alright. Now those the same things that get into your clothes? 040: Moths. interviewer: #1 Yeah so different # 040: #2 We call those moths. # interviewer: tan or black? 040: Uh they're similar. interviewer: Okay what would you call it if one if you talk about a moth just one. The singular is- 040: A moth. interviewer: Yeah. And these things that fly around and light up at night? 040: We call 'em lightning bugs. interviewer: Okay. And these moths are things that that- show these wings to fly around- 040: The butterflies? interviewer: See 'em out in the country no they have long slender wings. 040: I don't know we may- interviewer: May call it a snake something. 040: A snake feeder? interviewer: Yeah uh. Would you call it that rather than a- than a dragonfly or a- uh- 040: I'd say most people would call it a snake feeder. interviewer: Okay. And now name a few different kinds of stinging insects. 040: Like the wasp? interviewer: Yeah. What else? 040: Like a bee. interviewer: Yeah. 040: There's the yellow jacket. interviewer: Alright. And another kind? 040: The bumblebee. interviewer: Yeah. What are- 040: The hornets? interviewer: Yeah. Now how bout that doesn't st- doesn't sting that- that builds a nest with uh out of uh uh Tiny bar- wasp that uh uh that doesn't sting. 040: You call 'em dirt bombers? interviewer: Sure. And how bout the brutal things that sting and draw blood in the- in the- the pinch? 040: Mosquito. interviewer: Yeah. Um. Those things that hop along in the grass are- 040: Grasshoppers? interviewer: Yeah and in- up in the corner sometimes you have to dust things out probably made by a spider. Well what's that called? 040: A web. interviewer: Okay. Now its called the same thing indoors or out? 040: Now some people might refer to them as a cobweb. interviewer: But that- where would that be? 040: That would be inside. interviewer: Inside. How bout the part from the tree in the ground? 040: Underground. interviewer: Yeah. 040: The roots. interviewer: Okay. And what's the- name some different kinds of- kinds of trees {X} 040: Oak. interviewer: Alright. 040: Maple. Elm. {D: Walnut} trees. (D: Sappel} trees. interviewer: Uh what kind- are there any different kinds of maple trees? 040: Yes there's uh Japanese maple I believe and a- I'm not too familiar- interviewer: Are there any um uh uh any sugar maples around here? 040: No. interviewer: Okay. Now what would call an- a- a number of maple trees together? Growing together in an area? 040: I don't know. interviewer: Say you saw six or seven of them or maybe more you know growing- 040: Are you wanting the word clumps? interviewer: Something like that Sure that's fine. How bout uh sycamore is that a tree- 040: We have some. interviewer: Some what? 040: Some sycamore trees. interviewer: Okay. Alright. Now na- uh name a couple different kinds of poison um uh things that give you a rash. Some different kinds of bushes or trees that give you a rash. 040: You talking about the ivy? interviewer: Okay. 040: The poison ivy or poison oak? interviewer: Are those different? 040: Yes. interviewer: Okay what's the difference? 040: Uh poison ivy is uh- well they both grow low on the ground. interviewer: Uh-huh. 040: But there's a difference in the leaves. interviewer: How bout a kind of bush-like tree gets bright red in the fall and it does uh it uh also you could get a- get a rash if you're not careful. {NS} 040: I don't know. interviewer: Sumac or shumac? 040: No. Not familiar with any. interviewer: Okay. Now how bout some different kinds of berries? 040: You mean the berries that we have around here? We have blackberries raspberries and we have uh- interviewer: The kinda sell that I woulda liked. In boxes. 040: Oh strawberries? interviewer: Now. You're taking some children out you might say you better be careful in picking those berries cuz some of those berries are- 040: Poison. interviewer: Alright. And this is something like a- a- it's a- it's a tree that grows up in the mountains. Another l- 040: A pine tree? or- interviewer: Another leaf tree. 040: I don't know. interviewer: Some- Some kind of- call 'em mountain something mountain- The laurel tree? 040: The laurel- Well yeah the laurel tree. interviewer: Yeah is that more like a bush than a tree? 040: It's more like a bush to me it is a tree but it's a small one. interviewer: What are some other bushes that are kind of similar to the laurel? 040: Talking about the rhododendron? interviewer: Yeah and then another one which you associate with salad all the time. Great big leaves and they're always shedding all this- {X} Shiny- big shiny leaves. Mac- 040: I don't know. interviewer: They have pretty white flowers. 040: Oh magnolia? interviewer: Sure. Um. Uh. Woman {X} see the manager emergency I'ma ask my- 040: Husband. interviewer: And he would I need to ask my- 040: Wife. interviewer: And a woman who's husband dead is a- 040: Widow. interviewer: Yeah now and your- your- the uh male and female uh- Your- your male parent is your- 040: Paternal parent. interviewer: Or your? 040: Your father. interviewer: Yeah What did you call your father when you were a child? 040: Daddy. interviewer: And what did you- And your- your other parent is your- 040: My momma. interviewer: And- the full word. You called her momma but- 040: Mother. interviewer: Yeah. And together you could they were your- 040: My parents. interviewer: Yeah. Um. And how bout uh their parents what did you call them? Did you know? 040: I didn't know them but I would have more than likely called 'em grandma. Grandpa. interviewer: Alright. And um you're talking about uh your um uh son and you- you have a son and a- 040: Daughter. interviewer: And he's a boy and she's a- 040: Girl. interviewer: And together they are your? 040: Children. interviewer: You ever call 'em anything else any other names like {X} 040: Uh a lot of people use the word kids but I don't like it I use children. interviewer: Okay. How bout- you ever use the term uh- uh together to give a child a name that isn't it's real name and you use that? 040: Nickname. interviewer: Nickname. Uh. Something you take a baby out for a walk in? 040: A carriage? interviewer: Alright. And if you do that you say you're going to what the baby?