040:  Have you not seen the paper last week {X}? {X}
Aux:  Well {X}
040:  Going to the summer.
interviewer:  alright first uh I've tried to make some uh information about you um uh and some pronunciations could you just give me the date first? Today is
040:  #1 Wednesday
. #
interviewer:  #2 Today. #
040:  June ninth. Nineteen seventy-one.
interviewer:  Alright and then name of this community?
040:  Sweetwater.
interviewer:  And #1 the county? #
040:  #2 Tennessee. # Monroe.
interviewer:  Alright. And your full name?
040:  {B}
interviewer:  And your address?
040:  {B}
interviewer:  And your place of birth.
040:  Sweetwater.
interviewer:  Okay. And oh is there a- what is the zip- the zip code here?
040:  Three seven eight seven four.
interviewer:  Okay. And your age?
040:  Thirty-eight.
interviewer:  And re- a religion?
040:  Baptist. Southern Baptist.
interviewer:  And you're occupation?
040:  Assistant reporter.
interviewer:  Okay. And your formal education?
040:  High school.
interviewer:  Well what where the names of the schools that were there? Are there two high schools in-
040:  No just one in Sweetwater. {X} High School.
interviewer:  Well who are the- I saw Sweetwater What's the name of the Sweetwater hi-?
040:  Wildcats.
interviewer:  Wildcats and what is Athens? Are they the Cherokees?
040:  Cherokees.
interviewer:  That's what it is because I- I came- I came from Athens on my way up here and I thought there must be two high schools and-
040:  No just uh. Did they have anything on the bulletin board out in front of the motel down there yet?
interviewer:  No it just says uh June is national berry month.
040:  It's supposed we're having a class reunion down there Saturday night.
interviewer:  Is that right? Oh that's fine. Uh. Look what uh what year did you uh did you uh did you- you went to the same elementary school all the way through?
040:  Yes. {D} Elementary.
interviewer:  Okay and they- and what year did you graduate?
040:  From high school?
interviewer:  From elementary school?
040:  Forty Six I guess
interviewer:  Okay and then high school?
040:  Fifty-one.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. Now. What uh {D: you were in} This is just to get some ideas of kinds of people you um uh uh you work with and associate with. Get some idea of your you know the social uh your social context um In addition to the people at- at City Hall are there any other- cuz I suppose you meet just about every variety of
040:  Well we meet most everybody in town.
interviewer:  And how bout your- your close friends who are they um um
040:  I would say middle-class people.
interviewer:  And people from Sweetwater?
040:  Most all of them are from this vicinity.
interviewer:  What do they call people from Sweetwater? Do they have a name like Floridians or are #1 the called Sweetwaterians? #
040:  #2 No just Sweetwaters. #
interviewer:  Sweetwaters #1 Okay. #
040:  #2 {NW} #
interviewer:  And your church I
040:  First Baptist.
interviewer:  First Baptist. And do you belong to any clubs?
040:  No just the PTA.
interviewer:  And how bout tra- have you traveled much out of uh
040:  Uh no I've traveled to Florida and Texas and Chicago and Washington.
interviewer:  What's the longest time you've been out of uh say you've been out of- out of town? Or away from- from home?
Aux:  {D: A week at a time}
040:  Oh about a week. Ten #1 days. #
interviewer:  #2 {X}. # Okay and uh you never lived- you never lived anyplace
040:  No.
interviewer:  Well that's- that's fine I- I interviewed a- I interviewed a man in- in uh in Aliston Alabama I told you I went with {NW} and I got through the whole interview and I found that he was out he- that he had been away for about thirty years.
040:  {NW} You know and it really that- that really No I was raised about two blocks up the #1 hill. #
interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # Oh you're a- you're a fine uh uh uh representative of a native {X} Now how bout your mother's place of birth?
040:  She was born in Miller city.
interviewer:  That's where uh- That's where mr {D: Pedison} was born.
040:  Is that right?
interviewer:  Yeah.
040:  I didn't know.
interviewer:  And your father's place of birth?
040:  Sweetwater. No near Sweetwater.
Aux:  Well now he's from {D: Mell} but he was raised here.
040:  Moved here shortly after.
interviewer:  Mell is between here and Athens isn't it? um and how bout your parents' education?
040:  My mother's eight-grade graduate and my father was fifth grade.
interviewer:  Alright and uh your father's occupation?
040:  He was a maintenance man. Carpenter.
interviewer:  Okay and your mother- your mother worked?
040:  She was cafeteria.
interviewer:  Okay.
Aux:  High school I mean school.
040:  School cafeteria.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. Now um your maternal- your- your maternal grandparents where were they born?
040:  They were- they lived in Athens.
interviewer:  Uh-huh.
Aux:  Papa was going to pass on and uh grandmama says to my mother from {X} Tennessee.
040:  That's near Chattanooga.
Aux:  Past a little- just a little crooked road {X} Bout six miles outside of Clayton.
interviewer:  And- and how bout their- their- their uh earlier ancestors and great grandparents were they from uh
Aux:  {D: Well they're off if you could uh}
interviewer:  As far back as you know
Aux:  {D: As far back as I know}
interviewer:  You got no recollection of their- of when they came to the- when they- when they came to this country that's
Aux:  No. you know
interviewer:  No?
Aux:  Grandpa was a {B} And my grandmother was a {B}
interviewer:  That's very hard for me to- to imagine see because all the people that I grew up with were either just about second generation my- my grandparents were born Europe and um they um uh Everybody is uh- is second or third generation But all {D: first interview} that I interview in the South you know.
040:  And now if you'll read in the Sweetwater {X} History which we told you about {X} 'til somebody decided they wanted to disappear. But my grandfather on my father's side is listed in there. under {B}
interviewer:  What is your uh- what is your uh My maiden name was {B} Now. And how bout your- your grand your grandparents have any formal education?
Aux:  Yes Grandpa Sully was a preacher. And papa was a- a {X} performer {D: in Reno}.
interviewer:  Okay and your- how bout your uh paternal grandparents?
040:  No I don't know what my grandfather did for a living uh
Aux:  Your grandpa?
040:  Uh-huh. Daddy. Daddy.
Aux:  Daddy- daddy was the Methodist preacher. {NS} We are Baptist.
interviewer:  Okay. Now um Is your husband deceased?
040:  Yes.
interviewer:  {X} Was he a native of- of Sweetwater?
040:  Yes he was raised right down here at the {X}. This was on his land.
interviewer:  And Baptist?
040:  Yes he was.
interviewer:  And education?
040:  High school with some training in
interviewer:  #1 refrigeration. #
040:  #2 What- what was #
interviewer:  uh and his ancestors also uh-
040:  Yes they were born out about {D: Paint Rock} which is about fifteen twenty miles from here.
interviewer:  And what his occupation?
040:  He was a draftsman {D: lace} draftsman.
interviewer:  Now um could you just give me {D: the view} would be terrific of this a- a brief community sketch just how would you describe um um Sweetwater? I can get- I can get most of this. But just talk a little bit about Sweetwater about the the his- you know the his- the the social composition the history and so forth it's just to get a little um
040:  Well I'd say for the major part uh the people in Sweetwater are made up of a middle-class income. We have a few who are quite wealthy and we have some who are quite poor but for the most part the people in Sweetwater are Middle-class people. Day-laborers. A lot of the people work out of town because of lack of industry here. We're a farming community more or less raising tobacco mostly.
interviewer:  What about the um is uh mr um {B} mentioned a um a woolen mill is that- was that here at Sweetwater?
040:  That was the major industry at one time was the woolen mill
interviewer:  {D: Interesting} how when did that?
040:  It's been down for might say twenty-five years or longer.
interviewer:  And the uh ind-
040:  Longer than that no it's been down thirty years.
interviewer:  And I- I- I heard on the Sweetwater um radio station or one of the Sweetwater radio stations when I was coming into town there was a they were talking about social security and giving information about uh disability checks and they were talking about about black- uh black lung disease. Is there a lot of coal mining that- How close is it?
040:  No we're not close to coal mining.
interviewer:  I see.
040:  We have a {D: bear-teeth} mining.
Aux:  We did have one {X}
040:  Bear teeth?
Aux:  Uh-huh.
040:  Yes.
Aux:  {B} {X}.
040:  No we had it {D: Why did I just throw out the Sunday? We ain't got big bear teeth mama}.
Aux:  I thought- I thought he was in this here concrete business.
040:  No ab {B} {B} But we're- {D: Bear-teeth} is the biggest natural-
interviewer:  What is that? {NW}
040:  It's a rock ore.
interviewer:  Uh-huh.
040:  And what they make with it I don't know. But the {B} people here in Sweetwater people by the name of {B} have owned this. mr {B} became quite wealthy at it and then his son next door neighbor up here is uh taken over the #1 business. #
interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # I see. And uh is there uh What about the- the most of the- the uh the biggest sale crop is tobacco you said?
040:  Uh yes. For profit it's a {D: Weir} cattle raisers. {D: Berry} cattle mostly.
interviewer:  Um most of the farms small or are there #1 essentially large? #
040:  #2 No we have # some uh quite large farms. Some people who uh work at farming and that's all. Overseer. In the farming business.
interviewer:  I see. But it is today it's a Saturday and then the principle that industry there right now is agriculture as far as the um the most- say most of the people?
040:  We have uh the vast in manufacturing which is a metal
interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
040:  industry which is quite large.
interviewer:  The population seems quite if I read that right it uh only City Hall is the only thing {X} gradually larger it isn't near as in declining is it?
040:  Yes it has declined. Uh. From nineteen-fifty to nineteen sixty it did go down. Bout- bout fifty something. Then from sixty to seventy it increased. But we annexed some territory.
interviewer:  Uh-huh.
040:  Which made the increase.
interviewer:  Was Sweetwater at one time as big as Athens?
040:  No.
interviewer:  It never was-
040:  No never was quite as big but Athens has expanded quite rapidly.
interviewer:  They have a col- a college there.
040:  They have a college and quite a few industries.
Aux:  We have T-M-I too.
040:  We have a prep school.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. Yes uh Tennessee Military Academy I saw that. #1 Is that
- #
040:  #2 {X} #
interviewer:  does that draw students from a large area?
040:  Now they have students from most every state in the Union.
interviewer:  I started off teaching at a military academy.
Aux:  Oh really?
interviewer:  {D: Morty Far} and she taught my son there for two years.
Aux:  {X}
040:  Well {D: Shneld} Industry I guess employs quite a few people but the place {X} they {D: scale you too high}
Aux:  {X}
040:  Yeah we have poultry now.
interviewer:  Now I'll just- We'll start with some of these um uh uh {X} as i said it's just a matter mainly a matter of of pronunciation and vocabulary choice if you if you don't have rain for a long period of time what would you call that?
040:  I'd say a drought.
interviewer:  Okay. Uh Now would a drought be a long or short duration? How how What would it uh If you just don't have rain for a while what would you call that? say you don't have rain for a couple weeks.
040:  I'd say it's a dry spell.
interviewer:  Okay. Now when would it be a drought? What would make it a drought?
040:  I would say a drought would have to be as long as four five weeks.
interviewer:  And and what what is the uh um just in terms of time you say in terms of time four or five weeks.
040:  I may be doing without water.
interviewer:  Yeah yeah yeah but it's water if you associate it with anything else. A drought I mean uh just.
040:  No I wouldn't s- {B}
interviewer:  Let's talk about it in terms of the crops you know you could say that that you know {X} He said about the same amount of time but he said that's how long it takes to kill most of the kinds of crops.
040:  Oh well yes any vegetation will have to have water.
interviewer:  Now if you had a a- a heavy rain of short duration just started to rain terrifically um and and uh just for a short period of time what would you call that?
040:  Well I'd- Sometimes we refer to them as cloudbursts.
interviewer:  Yeah. Okay now. How bout if it has uh if there's a thunder and lightning?
040:  Oh we call 'em storms
interviewer:  Okay. Um Now there another thing in there there are some verb forms I just wanna get the principal parts of verbs now. Uh. Let's talk about the wind {NW} I ask you uh Did it what hard? Did it-
040:  Blow?
interviewer:  Yeah. You say yes it really-
040:  Blew.
interviewer:  Yeah. And it has- But it has even harder than this it has-
040:  Blown.
interviewer:  Uh Now the wind is coming from the direction of of um of uh Athens let's say, say the wind's coming from the
040:  Southwest?
interviewer:  Okay. And if it's coming from the uh Uh Um more from the the Dock town Tennessee.
040:  Well the Dock Town is more southeast.
interviewer:  Yeah. Now would you call that d-do you use terms like uh any special terms for for winds from other directions?
040:  Uh no I don't but I'm sure that some of the older generation would
interviewer:  How bout the wind- how bout a wind coming from the- from the areas in the vicinity of Chatta- or from the city of Uh St. Johnson City? If the winds coming from
040:  The northern wind?
interviewer:  Okay. Now But how bout with east and west? say it's coming from
040:  No I wouldn't I'd just say the wind's blowing from the west or blowing from the east.
interviewer:  Okay. But you- just speaking of it in terms of direction you'd say Johnson City is where from here?
040:  Northeast.
interviewer:  And Louisville Kentucky is
040:  It's north. Isn't it?
interviewer:  Yeah north but north?
040:  East.
interviewer:  Perfect. I don't know how you all mix up certain direction {X}
040:  Northwest.
interviewer:  Yeah.
040:  Northwest I'd say. Or-
interviewer:  Okay. Uh if it's just raining a little bit um um Just a very slight rain but-
040:  It's a drizzle. {NW}
interviewer:  Okay. Now is there anything that- what uh between uh uh any any vari- vari- variation there between the drizzle and going up to a cloudburst?
040:  Well we have a good steady rain.
interviewer:  Okay. Uh. Anything slighter than a drizzle?
040:  A mist.
interviewer:  Alright. Now if you look out the window and some day and can hardly see across the street but it's not raining. uh What would you call that?
040:  It's foggy.
interviewer:  Okay. And you call that substance?
040:  Fog.
interviewer:  Okay. Uh If it has- if the wind hasn't been blowing and suddenly it begins you might say the wind is
040:  I don't know what you're-
interviewer:  Alright. Well the wind hasn't been blowing the wind isn't blowing then suddenly the wind-
040:  Is getting up?
interviewer:  Okay that's that's fine. And if it's been blowing hard and then um it uh
040:  It's laying.
interviewer:  It's stops then what do you say?
040:  We're- it's laying. The wind's laying.
interviewer:  Okay. Good that's just the sort of If uh and a uh a fall day you go outside and say I'd better put on a sweater because it's this morning it's
040:  It's cool.
interviewer:  Okay. Uh you look out the window early in the morning in the Fall and you see some white stuff on the ground but it hasn't snowed?
040:  Frost.
interviewer:  Alright. And talking about the the water in the- in the pond um say the water in the pond dropped down to almost zero last night the water in the pond.
040:  Is muddy?
interviewer:  Yeah but it got cold dropped down to about zero so the water?
040:  Is frozen?
interviewer:  Yeah huh. But if you were just talking about {D: glace something} but the water last night.
040:  The water froze.
interviewer:  Yeah. Uh. And if it um if it gets down to uh if it suddenly drops down below um thirty-two degrees um you'd call that- what would you call that?
040:  Freezing.
interviewer:  Alright. Now do you make a distinction the different kinds of- of freezing weather?
040:  Well yes we talk about the uh colder weather more I would say uh I don't know how we would refer to it except that it's
interviewer:  I was thinking about terms like a killing frost or a hard freeze if those are those words-
040:  Yes we do have a killing frost that we call that down here. We have a hard freeze yes we refer to that.
interviewer:  And what would that be?
040:  A hard- a hard freeze?
interviewer:  Yeah.
040:  I would say it would have to be ten below.
interviewer:  Alright. And what- what is-
040:  I mean ten degrees or below.
interviewer:  Okay. Now what- what is hard about that? Why is it called a ha- why do you
040:  Because the water I suppose freezes.
interviewer:  The water- the water ran through the ground and comes back {X}
040:  Well the ground will freeze hard too.
interviewer:  Okay. Now uh what- what do you call this room in your house?
040:  This is the living room.
interviewer:  Alright. um. And you talk- how high is the ceiling in here would you imagine?
040:  The ceiling's eight feet.
interviewer:  Okay. Now. would you just describe for me the what you call the- the rooms in the house and where they're- where they're located this is to get the names of the rooms. And how- how do you designate the name of one bedroom from another? That sort of thing. So if um this is the living room here what do you call that right over there?
040:  We call that the front room. Front bedroom.
interviewer:  Where-
040:  My bedroom. {NW}
interviewer:  Alright and then you Well how bout when you come into the house? What do you call that part right there?
040:  That's the foyer.
interviewer:  Okay. Usually call it that?
040:  Well the {X} usually around here you- you'd call it the front hall.
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  I'm about fixing to say the front hall.
interviewer:  Would you let her call it the foyer in- in just in casual conversation?
040:  No I'd-
interviewer:  You tell your son to get his toys out the foyer?
040:  No I'd say get your toys out the hall.
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  {NW}
interviewer:  And and this and you call now what do you call your your bedroom?
040:  I'd say the front bedroom.
interviewer:  Now. So does that go all the way over to the wall?
040:  Yes.
interviewer:  Okay. And then what's beh- what's
040:  The next bedroom would be uh of course I would refer to it as {B}'s room. Or the middle bedroom.
interviewer:  Alright and then what then?
040:  Then the back bedroom or {B}'s bedroom.
interviewer:  Okay. Now. That that goes along that wall now how bout?
040:  Well now we have I would say the big bath.
interviewer:  Okay. Now let's come down this way.
040:  Now we have a half-bath.
interviewer:  The big bath is next to the back bedroom and {X}
040:  Yes.
interviewer:  Okay. That's the big bath. And then west?
040:  And the dining room.
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  And then the kitchen. And this room over here would be referred to as mama's bedroom. Or in most houses it might be a den.
interviewer:  Okay. Now. Do you have a s- Do you have another bathroom?
040:  We have a half-bath.
interviewer:  Okay now what do you-
040:  I'd say the middle bath.
interviewer:  Okay now where is that located?
040:  It's off of the front bedroom.
interviewer:  Okay {X} You call it the little bath.
040:  Uh-huh.
interviewer:  Is there- is there a bathroom in there?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Okay. No that's- see that's the kind of stuff {X} It's in- it's also interesting that there's front middle and back although I don't think there's anything regionally strange about you know That's exactly how uh mr {B} designated that. It's interesting to see if people designate rooms by the people who- who live in the rooms or sleep in the rooms or by you know location or by {X} Now. Um. In a house that has a fireplace uh what do you call the- the uh well you have it in in uh in a hous- every house has one and the smoke goes up?
040:  Well if it's a fireplace it's a chimney but if it's a a stove of some sort it's a flue.
interviewer:  Okay. um. Now part of the fireplace it extends out on the floor.
040:  That's the hearth.
interviewer:  Okay and the two things in the fireplace that keep the logs in place?
040:  I don't know.
interviewer:  Don't remember that.
040:  {NW}
interviewer:  Uh. How bout the top of the fireplace something that you put- you might put things on?
040:  That's the mantel.
interviewer:  Okay. And You have a- a big piece of wood that might burn for a couple of days.
040:  Well now I don't call it this but I think the old people call it a backlog?
interviewer:  Uh-huh. {B} it's called a back stick.
040:  Right. Back stick. Or back log.
interviewer:  And how uh- Have you ever lived in a house that had a fireplace?
040:  No.
interviewer:  yeah well that makes it-
Aux:  {X} we had grates down
040:  We had a what we call a grate.
interviewer:  Okay. Now. When you sa- Was it a fireplace with a grate? Did it burn coal?
040:  Yes it burned coal.
interviewer:  A coal-burning firep- Uh what did you call um um fatty kindling sticks to start a fire with?
040:  Kindling.
interviewer:  Alright. Did you make any distinction between those- the uh- the small ones perhaps? What'd- did you have a special name?
040:  The- the kindling is the smaller wood and the stove wood is the larger.
interviewer:  Alright. But even a special kind of kindling wood which was smaller.
Aux:  Pine.
040:  No.
Aux:  {X}
interviewer:  Okay. And uh they uh- Talking about um {X} that kind of fireplace you'd say we would burn coal what the fireplace we would burn coal.
040:  In the fireplace?
interviewer:  Yeah. And the black stuff you cle- you clean out the stovepipe.
040:  Called soot.
interviewer:  Okay. And uh the uh uh color of this paper?
040:  It's white.
interviewer:  Alright. And the um um cigarette the end of a cigarette the burnt part it's called the
040:  The butts or the
interviewer:  Yeah. yeah but the- the um uh Well the way you clean out the fireplace that's better. After the fire's out you clean out
040:  Clean out the klinkers
interviewer:  Yeah or- you don't have to
040:  {D: slashes}
interviewer:  Sure. Um and I'm sitting in a?
040:  Chair.
interviewer:  And what do you call this piece of furniture?
040:  We call it a couch.
interviewer:  Okay. Now what are some other- what's another name for it?
040:  Davenport. Sofa.
interviewer:  Yeah. Okay now they're all the same thing though as far as you're concerned? Uh. How- this is a- a piece of furniture in the bedroom that has uh a well uh what- what about the furniture in the bedroom besides the bed?
040:  Well you have your chest of drawers and the dresser.
interviewer:  Okay what's- what's the difference between a chest of drawers and a dresser?
040:  A dresser has a mirror.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. How about a What do you hang your clothes in then? In the bedroom.
040:  In the closet.
interviewer:  Now did you- have you ever had a movable one? It's like a closet only it's movable?
040:  Are you referring to a chifforobe?
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  I like that. {NW}
interviewer:  Yeah that's right that's right. Uh. And all the uh tables and chairs in the house you call those all different pieces of?
040:  Furniture.
interviewer:  And um you ever lived in a house that had a kind of a little alcove in the bedroom containing a bed? Maybe a- an extra bed in the bedroom in a little kind of room off to the side?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Uh. On a single window uh something you pull up and down.
040:  A shade?
interviewer:  Okay you just call it a plain shade? What about the kind with the slats?
040:  Those are Venetian blinds.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. Uh but I don't know- I don't think you have one in this house. But in a- in- in older houses uh you have a- an area between the ceiling and the second
040:  It's called a loft?
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  Is it the attic?
interviewer:  Okay both of those are fine. Now. Oh. I I'll bet you skipped a- no you didn't {X} ask you about the kitchen
040:  {NW}
interviewer:  {X} kitchen Um. Now did you ever live in a house that had a um Um um. Uh. Had a- had a separate {D:cab} where the kitchen was seperated from the house? That's quite some-
040:  No no.
interviewer:  Uh or a room off the kitchen that you put uh
040:  Pantry?
interviewer:  Yeah. You ever call that anything else?
040:  No we used to-
interviewer:  Did you ever call it anything else besides a pantry?
Aux:  {X}
interviewer:  The word safe. Do you know that word?
040:  Oh we have safes but they're
Aux:  {X}
interviewer:  What size- something more like a breadbox?
040:  It's movable. A safe to me is movable.
interviewer:  Is it like a breadbox? Do you have one {X}
040:  Yeah. {NW} {X}
interviewer:  Oh this whole thing?
040:  That's- that's what we call a safe.
interviewer:  That whole uh-
040:  Uh-huh It's a China closet is what it is That's what the old people refer to it as.
Aux:  Old people call it the pie safe.
interviewer:  Pie safe {NW} That's cute.
Aux:  You see it has uh uh down in the middle there where the bottom is it has a screen then they put the pies
040:  Uh-huh. Yeah.
Aux:  {X}
interviewer:  So a safe is but what would say {X}
040:  I would say it was movable.
interviewer:  Uh-huh
040:  A safe would be movable and a pantry would be stationary.
interviewer:  And the- and- and what's the other name for this other than the safe what might it be called?
040:  China closet.
interviewer:  Yep. Um. Now a- a name for old worthless furniture and implements just things you haven't gotten around to throwing away that probably will never use. that really couldn't be classified as antiques? Just things that-
Aux:  {X}
040:  Well we'd call it junk around here.
interviewer:  Okay that's fine. Um and- and if you have a little room that you kept things like that in what would you call that?
040:  The junk room.
interviewer:  Alright. And every morning uh uh around the house someone has to
040:  Sweep or vacuum?
interviewer:  Yeah. Not specifically uh- I mean they're just kind of going around and-
040:  Pick up.
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  Tidy up.
interviewer:  Right. Both of those you equally- And to sweep the floor uh from the use- just a hand the hand is a-
040:  It's a broom.
interviewer:  Okay. And if we're talking about where a broom was here's the door and the broom is here this is the door you'd say the broom is?
040:  Behind the door.
interviewer:  Uh. And on Monday traditionally women did what?
040:  Did their washing.
interviewer:  Okay and on Tuesday they did their?
040:  Ironing.
interviewer:  And together you might call that?
040:  The laundry.
interviewer:  Right. Now. To get up from the um uh to get into- up up to the house y- you don't have many out there but say if you had four or five or six to walk up from the sidewalk up
040:  Steps?
interviewer:  Okay. Now if you had a two story house and you had to get from the first floor to the second floor what would you call that?
040:  Well I'd either say the stairway or the stairs.
interviewer:  Okay. Would you ever call it a stairway outside?
040:  No. No.
interviewer:  Now What about right outside here what do you call that?
040:  That's a porch.
interviewer:  Alright now do you- do you make any distinction of among different kinds of porches
040:  Well in older houses they had porches on both sides of the house. And they'd say the side porch.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. But no- no other name?
Aux:  {X}
interviewer:  The gallery or veranda or {X}?
040:  Not here.
interviewer:  How about a I don't think these- I'm certain these aren't used. I'm not certain but I don't think they're used much. It's a damp cloth um for wiping the floor a special kind of a- a cloth for wiping the floor?
040:  Not for wiping floor we call them dust cloth.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. {X}
040:  Wiping furniture.
interviewer:  Have you ever heard of a file cloth?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Now if the door was open and you didn't want it that way you'd say?
040:  Shut the door.
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  Close the door.
interviewer:  Okay. What's the difference between those two is there any?
040:  No not for when you're referring to a door.
interviewer:  Yep. Well what- when would there be a difference?
040:  Well I don't know.
interviewer:  Do you have some kind of feeling about that I mean about one-
040:  No.
interviewer:  I mean the sense of one word being less
040:  Well shut it more pronounced I guess you might say.
interviewer:  Shut your mouth or close your mouth.
040:  When you say shut the door you mean it. {NW}
interviewer:  Uh-huh okay {NW}. Now on our frame house something they put- they- they sometimes put this uh uh uh these uh boards on.
040:  Siding.
interviewer:  Okay. Uh. Say did you uh uh you take a nail and you have to do what? You have to-
040:  You have to hammer it.
interviewer:  Okay. When you get in a car you have to.
040:  {X}
interviewer:  Somebody asks y'all need to start the motor and then do what to the car? you- Say I know I- I have my license because I know how to?
040:  Drive.
interviewer:  Okay. Yesterday I-
040:  Drove.
interviewer:  And many times I have?
040:  Driven.
interviewer:  Okay. Um that's the hardest thing in the world to get through you know something like this {B}
040:  {NW}
interviewer:  Nobody {X} what I'm uh- what I'm after and so I've just skipped over a lot of those. The outer part of the house that the the rain falls on is the? The outside.
040:  The roof?
interviewer:  Sure. Uh. And uh around the edge the- the- the water runs off and- and runs into the?
040:  Gutter.
interviewer:  Alright and then it comes down the?
040:  Drainpipe.
interviewer:  Okay. And if you had an uh- um a joining roof we have several peaks on the house do you have a name for that low part? Down in here?
040:  Gable?
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  {NW}
interviewer:  Yeah that's fine.
040:  The gables.
interviewer:  Uh this is a small uh outbuilding for wood or tools. Just uh either separate or built on.
040:  Well a lot of people would re- refer to that as the coal house. Or in the country more remote areas around here it would be the smokehouse.
interviewer:  Uh-huh.
040:  Where they used to cure meat. But uh.
interviewer:  Okay. How bout something that- and- and you can use later for keeping tools in or something like that?
040:  Well you might refer to it as the shed.
interviewer:  Yeah okay that's one of the words there. Now the foyer has indoor plumbing um uh it has to have a separate structure instead of a bathroom what was that called?
040:  Called the outhouse.
interviewer:  Okay. Now. Uh. Any jocular terms for that?
040:  {NW} I think it was referred to as a johnny.
interviewer:  Okay. Okay.
Aux:  {D: privy} {NW}
040:  No privy is the correct word I believe.
interviewer:  Now. Well I don't- the um the best one both of those are- you know all of those are
040:  And they're called a {D: vlosser} if that's what it refers to.
interviewer:  Privy is the that's the official term now that's a- that is a- I didn't know that. {D: one year it's} still the garden house that's {NW}
040:  {NW} no I wouldn't have {X}that.
interviewer:  Um. Uh. Firthman says uh uh speak about trouble and say I what? My trouble I? You- you your trouble and I-
040:  Have my trouble?
interviewer:  Yeah that's right. Um and then um if um there's a sound you say you?
040:  Hear.
interviewer:  Okay and yesterday you?
040:  Heard?
interviewer:  And you have? Second time. Um. You say have you seen him you say no I
040:  I have not seen him. Course that might.
interviewer:  Do you know the expression ? Is that used at all?
040:  What?
interviewer:  {X} Um In the sense of um I suppose the sense of uh ancient.
040:  No I don't uh-
interviewer:  I don't know if that's uh um {X}
040:  Might be more in the mountain areas.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. {D: Verson} says you uh uh um is that um um Have you ever done that you say a- all the time I?
040:  I do this.
interviewer:  Yeah and um he
040:  Did it.
interviewer:  And for the present he
040:  He is doing it?
interviewer:  Yeah. An-
040:  Or done.
interviewer:  Or. How would you use that?
040:  I have done it.
interviewer:  Okay. And um I don't smoke cigarettes but he?
040:  Does.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. Let's say a person um uh no longer uh takes uh care of his {X} he just doesn't about anything anymore.
040:  Doesn't care about anything?
interviewer:  Okay. um If you're not certain about something you say I am not?
040:  Sure.
interviewer:  Okay. um. Would you say um you say I don't know if he did it or not but people
040:  Well we would say think he did or believe he did.
interviewer:  Okay. And uh they uh using a form of say. Say they they say he did it.
040:  They say he does.
interviewer:  Okay. And a- a dwelling person lives in is a?
040:  House.
interviewer:  And the plural?
040:  Houses?
interviewer:  And the largest outbuilding on a farm?
040:  Barn.
interviewer:  And a building for storing corn?
040:  Crib.
interviewer:  And any oth- any other kind of buildings for storing grain?
040:  Silo? No that's more of a-
interviewer:  That's good. But I was- I was- Is the word grainery or granary used here at all? Is that-
040:  No we don't- we don't have those.
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  Those large.
interviewer:  How bout the other part of the barn? uh
040:  It's the loft.
interviewer:  Okay. Now but you use the term loft you're familiar with the term loft either as in a household barn?
040:  Uh-huh. A loft in a house is usually larger than an attic.
interviewer:  Is there any special uh
040:  No that would be the
interviewer:  Um uh a large collection of hay outside.
040:  A shock? Is that what you're
interviewer:  Alright now something larger than that if you're driving along the road and you see this gre- I don't know you don't see that much in the South.
Aux:  Haystack.
interviewer:  Yeah.
040:  Well uh a shock is a haystack.
interviewer:  It's the same thing as a haystack to you? Shock of hay and a-
Aux:  Now a stack is a- a big pile of it.
040:  Stack of hay.
interviewer:  You don't see many haystacks-
040:  No we don't We bail it now.
interviewer:  Sure. You know what they call those things when they set 'em up before they bail them? The hay in the field you see it in the-
040:  Well we call 'em haystacks or-
interviewer:  Before they bail. Does the term-
040:  Closer now than when they were cut and bailed all together in a bailer.
interviewer:  Well he uh mr {B} was talking about uh windrows.
040:  Oh a windrow is when you like if you're raking leaves you uh windrow 'em. Or uh If you're la- raking up brush you'll windrow it. You'll make a row of them. As if to break the wind. It's uh-
interviewer:  It's not to protect them from the wind-
040:  No it's just a term. Windrow it means to row it uh make it in a long row.
interviewer:  I see. I see. Um and the place in the- for hay in the barn you said is the?
040:  Th- the loft.
interviewer:  Okay. And how bout a shelter for cows?
040:  That's a barn.
interviewer:  Is it uh how bout it's something built maybe built down in the barn you ever seen a barn you know in the back there's a kind of a little-
040:  I'm not much of a farmer.
interviewer:  Okay. You know I was thinking of either a cow barn or-
040:  Just a shed or-
interviewer:  Yeah that's fine. How bout a place for hogs?
040:  Well the correct one is sty but we call 'em pigpens.
interviewer:  Okay. Uh and do you have any special name for the ones with the- with the- the covering on them?
040:  I don't know what it would be.
interviewer:  Okay. How bout a place where cows are staked or penned for milking?
040:  No. Stalls? is that what you're?
interviewer:  Oh well I was thinking something- could be stall that's fine. Or something like a cowpen or a cuppen or {D: milk gap}
040:  No I believe they call 'em stalls. The one I've heard.
interviewer:  How bout shelter for horses?
040:  Stable is that what-
interviewer:  Sure that's fine. And um a lot that-uh uh- a farm that- that produces milk
040:  It's a dairy farm.
interviewer:  Okay. Now does dairy mean anything else to you? Do you ever use that word for anything other than- does the word dairy mean a particular kind of farm to you? Is that the only sense you?
040:  Well when we speak of dairy farms they have what we call milk cows.
interviewer:  Sure. but just about the word dairy by itself I mean does the word dairy mean anything to you besides uh um
040:  No.
interviewer:  A company that sells milk. Would you ever call them-
040:  Well yes we call them dairies.
interviewer:  Uh-huh.
040:  The company that sells it.
interviewer:  In Chicago for example that's all they call it I mean that's all that dairy means the dairy just means the milk company.
040:  Well they just don't know wh-
interviewer:  That's right. That's right sure.
040:  They don't have no land up there vacant to house a farm.
interviewer:  How bout a place where- where stock is kept or fed uh right outside the barn? Near the barn maybe fenced in. Small area.
040:  Feeding lot.
interviewer:  Okay. And the place where sheep and cows graze?
040:  The pasture.
interviewer:  And they don't grow any cotton around here. You know anything about cotton?
040:  Very little. We don't- well we don't have any In this {X}
interviewer:  Do you know a name for weeding cotton though?
040:  No. No I don't.
interviewer:  Or the- or undesirable grass in a cotton field?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Well okay. Now I mentioned that- the word I just mentioned for a- a large uh planting of crop. For a large um large area.
040:  Maybe a {D: corn}.
interviewer:  Yeah. Now a farm might be divided into several
040:  Acres? Or um.
interviewer:  What would you call maybe one crop say you just grow cotton there or- or corn or something that would be a?
040:  Field.
interviewer:  Alright how bout something smaller than that? Just grow- you grew some say some watermelons or something.
040:  Well we have what we call garden spots.
interviewer:  Alright. Now-
040:  That's when- that's where they grow all their food that they eat in the house.
interviewer:  I was thinking of something between a garden and a field.
040:  I don't know what that-
interviewer:  Now if you just raised a little tobacco say or a little-
040:  Plot? Little plot?
interviewer:  Plot okay I was thinking of patch.
040:  Well patch yeah we use that. Well know patch that's-
interviewer:  Now uh several different kinds of of uh of fences. A fence around a- uh a house that has a um- um- uh there diff- Different materials.
040:  Oh we- sometimes we have a picket fence.
interviewer:  Alright. Now What's the picket fence? Describe that.
040:  Well a picket fence is usually made of wood. Rails.
interviewer:  And are they separated from one another?
040:  Yes. Like stacking 'em.
interviewer:  Alright do they have to be pointed?
040:  You mean each- each log? No.
interviewer:  Now when you say- what do you mean by stacking them?
040:  Well uh I guess we might refer to that too as a log fence or um Rail fence.
interviewer:  Uh-huh.
040:  And a picket fence too could be made of {D: Gresswood}
interviewer:  Uh-huh. But um How bout if they- you think of picks usually as spaced.
040:  Yes.
interviewer:  Alright now if there was- if they were right next to each other and flat on the top and the boards were white what would you call a fence like that?
040:  You mean the one's who have the the point on top?
interviewer:  Not necessarily pointed just-
040:  We would call them picket fence too that's
interviewer:  Okay. Wouldn't have to be pointed then?
040:  No.
interviewer:  How bout some fences used in fields?
040:  Well they're usually barbed wire.
interviewer:  Alright. Now how bout a wire fence that- that isn't uh doesn't have the barbs on it?
040:  It's just a wire fence.
interviewer:  Okay you don't uh What is hog wire?
040:  I don't know.
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  {NW}
interviewer:  Alright and-
040:  I'm not a farmer.
interviewer:  Alright now you say- well you doing pretty well.
040:  {NW}
interviewer:  Uh. The uh the rail fence though um
040:  Now the rail fence is what makes those logs that I was s-
interviewer:  And how are they joined?
040:  They're- they're stacked just on top of each other.
interviewer:  I see and then and then uh
040:  Interwoven you might say.
interviewer:  Yeah and then zig-zag
040:  Uh-huh.
interviewer:  Y- you don't call that anything but a rail fence though?
040:  No no that would be a rail.
interviewer:  Okay. And something you drive into the ground if you're putting up a fence? If you put in a-
040:  A post.
interviewer:  Okay and two of those would be two?
040:  Two posts.
interviewer:  Okay. And loose stone or rock piled up put around a like a fence.
040:  Gravel? Is that what you're
interviewer:  No this you know larger stones or rocks that I don't know that you have that much uh I was thinking of something like a stone a- a- a a stone wall or rock a stone fence or a
040:  We don't have many of those.
interviewer:  Okay. Well which ones are- Which of th- which of these things-
040:  I would say that we might refer to as uh stone stone walls something like that.
interviewer:  Okay. Alright. Um And uh Expensive dishware sometimes called?
040:  China?
interviewer:  Yeah and you remember uh hearing about about about the kind of of um egg that was put in to uh- just to fool a chicken?
040:  No. {X}
Aux:  Glass egg.
040:  No. Setting egg.
interviewer:  Alright. Glass egg's okay you'd ever heard it called a Chi- has one of you ever heard it called a China egg?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Okay. And something uh- a wooden vessel you use for carrying water?
040:  Pale?
interviewer:  Alright Um Do you ever call it anything else?
040:  A bucket?
interviewer:  What's the difference between those two in your mind? between those two-
040:  Uh there isn't any difference between a bucket and a pale.
interviewer:  I mean do you think-
040:  Not to me.
interviewer:  Alright would you use one as likely as the other?
040:  Yeah.
interviewer:  You'd think- I mean you wouldn't think one is more prestigious or than the other? or more uh more formal or
040:  What I would say in- in the older generation it would be more bucket.
interviewer:  Okay saying- saying pale is a newer term. How bout something that you- you're going out to feed the hogs in a farm uh and you take the food from the house what do you call that?
040:  You slop the hogs.
interviewer:  And what do you call the thing you carry it out in?
040:  Slop bucket.
interviewer:  Okay. Um And some- and to fry eggs? Fry eggs?
040:  Well you fry them in a skillet.
interviewer:  Okay. Now you ever call it anything else?
040:  We have that with a frying pan?
interviewer:  What- you had - what were you saying?
040:  One time when i was on a bus trip the bus driver we said something about the skillet and he thought we'd flipped our lid. {NW}
interviewer:  You used the term skillet and he had never heard that?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Oh.
040:  That was out in Georgia by the way.
interviewer:  Now Is that right? Really? the- the word skillet now has become you know very a- became a commercial term.
040:  Skillet.
interviewer:  You remember any uh uh things like this that had three legs? That were used in a- in a um
040:  Stool?
interviewer:  Yeah no this is something like a frying pan.
040:  Oh.
Aux:  {X} {X}
040:  Kettle is that what you-
interviewer:  Well now kettle I- I was thinking something like a spider or a creeper I don't know if you ever- Do you ever use the word spider for a a frying pan that you use in the fireplace? Something like a frying pan it's got three legs and you put it right in the ashes.
Aux:  {X}
040:  I wish you would talk. Uh-huh. I got a friend you need to talk with on them things like that he c- he can give you those old terms. {NW}
interviewer:  Yeah.
Aux:  Oven we call that
interviewer:  Uh-huh. Now a- a kettle what would you call something that- that um um This is just a big- a big heavy iron pot with a large opening you call that a?
040:  A kettle.
interviewer:  A kettle. Do you ever use the term pot or did you ever use the term pot for that? What's the difference between a pot and a kettle?
040:  Well I would of a pot being maybe smaller than a kettle.
interviewer:  Okay. Something you could put flowers in?
040:  That's a pot.
interviewer:  Okay. uh what's another name for it? Little more formal.
040:  Oh a vase?
interviewer:  Okay. And the three utensils you use at the table?
040:  Knife fork and spoon.
interviewer:  Alright and one knife, one more then you have two?
040:  knives.
interviewer:  Okay And after uh a meal you say now I must what the dishes?
040:  Just wash the dishes or clear the dishes.
interviewer:  Okay and after she washes the dishes in hot soapy water she might hold them under uh cold water and she
040:  Rinses.
interviewer:  Holds them under what do you say?
040:  The faucet?
interviewer:  Right that's another word I'm- we have to ask you so we we get that out of the way um and something you might use for getting food off the plates? such a- a piece of cloth.
Aux:  {D: spec b gone}
040:  No.
interviewer:  {NW} I'm just thinking of a piece of cloth that you might use in washing dishes.
040:  Oh that's a dish rag.
interviewer:  Okay and how about someth- and you dry the dishes?
040:  You dry 'em with a dry cloth.
interviewer:  Okay now you call that drying the dishes or wiping the dishes?
040:  We call 'em drying the dishes or I do.
interviewer:  Okay. And something you might use um uh on your face um with soap and in the bathroom a piece of cloth
040:  That's the washcloth the wash rag.
interviewer:  Okay can you use either one of those?
040:  Uh-huh.
040:  there on Audrey Walker there.
interviewer:  {NW}
040:  they really used the
interviewer:  Uh-huh.
040:  maybe #1 {X} #
interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
040:  {D: maybe that's why I thought they were there.}
interviewer:  Yeah. That's uh-
040:  They got these old words
interviewer:  Yeah. But I heard I was- I had to laugh when I left uh mr uh {B} {X} had the radio on after eleven after {X}
040:  #1 Yeah that- #
interviewer:  #2 {X} # that was uh- uh-
040:  Well they refer to such things as the police they don't say police they say police.
interviewer:  The police yeah. Well I just noticed that they- what they've done in that program they just kind of focus on all of the #1 uh #
040:  #2 Uh-huh. #
interviewer:  the most uh uh country kind of type and old-fashioned type pronunciations. But uh. But I've heard most of them in person you know I mean like most every one of them the one- I- I've never heard anyone say human {C: pronunciation} for human.
040:  {NW} No.
interviewer:  Uh uh Now. You said that was a faucet at the- at the sink how bout uh in the yard? Where you um
040:  The spigot?
interviewer:  Okay. Would that- would you ever call it a- a spigot at the sink?
040:  Some people would.
interviewer:  Would you?
040:  Nah I've- I've heard it- no I would say faucet.
interviewer:  Okay and how bout a barrel?
040:  I'd call it a spigot.
interviewer:  Okay. And uh the- It got very cold last night and the pipe?
040:  Burst.
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  Most- Here a lot of people say it busted.
interviewer:  Sure. Um something that um uh- a large container that pickles used to come in?
040:  A crock?
interviewer:  Larger than that something that maybe meal and flour great big thing bout #1 this high. #
040:  #2 A barrel? #
interviewer:  Yeah. And the uh things that are used to keep the- the staves in place or kids-
040:  The bands?
interviewer:  Yeah okay. Now it- That's fine now that's one perfectly good word for it but do you ever call it anything else? What children played with several years ago. Hula?
040:  Hoops.
interviewer:  Yeah.
040:  Hoops.
interviewer:  Would you ever use the term hoops on a barrel? Or don't- don't you think of that?
040:  No I would say- But now some would. The older generation I'm sure would say hoop. Barrel hoop.
interviewer:  And if you're pouring liquid from one a large container to a smaller one and using such a {D: look} sor- sorta like that-
040:  That's a phone.
interviewer:  Okay. And. To make a horse go you have to crack a?
040:  Whip?
interviewer:  Alright. and you go to the store and buy a dozen oranges and the grocer puts them in a
040:  Now there you are {NW} It's according to who you are some of the people will say bag some will say put it in a sack. And some will say they put it in a poke.
interviewer:  Okay now-
040:  Poke is an East Tennessee word.
interviewer:  Would you use- do- do you use poke ever-naturally? Is it in- in uh-
040:  Yeah sometimes when I'm using slang I'll say poke.
interviewer:  It's perfectly uh uh-
040:  It's acceptable around here.
interviewer:  Sure well oh mr mr {B} said- {X} thought about some of the writings something down said he wrote it down on poke paper.
040:  Yeah uh-huh.
interviewer:  Uh the um- Um-
040:  Or brown bag.
interviewer:  Yeah. Now are- are sack and poke ever used as terms of measure? Are the terms ever used you know for measurements?
040:  I've never heard of it-
interviewer:  You know poke or something means a certain amount.
040:  No.
interviewer:  Alright. And what is a-
040:  Peck now you- you have your pecks.
interviewer:  Yeah. But that's more like a -a bushel I'd say. What about um um uh what's a- what's the uh uh the uh the poke made of now? {D: You're talking a minute.}
040:  Brown bag?
interviewer:  Yeah. {X} What is that made of what's the substance?
040:  Paper.
interviewer:  Alright. Um. Now. What about something made of cloth? a uh- a- a smaller cloth container?
040:  It's- it's more of a sack I'd say.
interviewer:  Alright. Would you ever call a cloth a- a- a- a small cloth container a poke?
040:  No I never did.
interviewer:  Would a poke ever- could a poke ever be a lard? Is a poke always paper?
040:  To me it is.
interviewer:  Alright. Did they ever- did the teachers in school get onto kids for using poke?
040:  Uh.
interviewer:  Was that a- #1 I don't think- I don't think that would come up to much. #
040:  #2 I don't remember it though- # I would say that they did.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. But uh. Okay. Now how bout a large um uh cloth sack of rough material? maybe put a hundred pounds of fertilizer or a grain-
040:  Well that's a peat sack- #1 or. #
interviewer:  #2 Alright peat sack. # Now did you ever hear of any other- know of any other terms for that? Another sack.
Aux:  {X}
040:  What is it?
Aux:  {NW} Well some call it a {D: bagstack} and uh burlap.
040:  Burlap bag.
interviewer:  Sure. But how- there's another term I'll bet you know too. That I'll bet you both know.
040:  I don't recall it.
interviewer:  How bout toe sack?
Aux:  Yes
040:  Oh yes {X}
interviewer:  Would you ever use that term?
040:  Yes. {NW} We might say a toe sack.
interviewer:  Okay. Um but never croaker sack?
040:  No. No I haven't heard that.
interviewer:  Now see that's really- that's one of the terms that's very useful in separating the speech of of Tennessee of- of and- and Northern Georgian Tennessee Northern Georgia you get toe sack but at the Chattahoochee River from the Chattahoochee River south nobody say toe sack virtually.
040:  What do they say?
interviewer:  Croaker sack.
040:  Oh.
interviewer:  Croker sack or croker sack. {C: pronunciation}
040:  No I've never heard of that.
interviewer:  If they pronounce their Rs they say croker if they don't they say croker {C: pronunciation}
040:  Oh {NW}
interviewer:  So it's- no it's a- a- that's uh- that's invented. Toe sack I think is a- is a North Carolina word that has you know moved this way. How bout the- the amount of corn or meal or water that you could carry to a- to a mill at one time?
040:  I don't know.
interviewer:  Um. Did you ever use the term a turn is that- A turn of corn is that at all familiar to you?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Um. How bout the amount of wood you can carry in both arms like this?
040:  Armload.
interviewer:  Okay. And how bout not a- a full load in a way do you have a special name for a a- a- a half load or a partial load?
040:  Not to me.
interviewer:  Okay. And. Um. Wait let me um
040:  You need Cart Walker-
interviewer:  The light goes out you have to- you have to put in a new?
040:  Bulb.
interviewer:  Alright and the whole thing would be a- That's right but then-
040:  New bulb?
interviewer:  Yeah but what kind of a- a-
040:  A light bulb.
interviewer:  Right. Say it again I might have mi-
040:  Light bulb.
interviewer:  Okay. And then Uh when you d- uh do your laundry you're hanging it outside you take the- the wet clothes outside and uh-
040:  You hang them up.
interviewer:  You carry them out in a?
040:  I'm trying to think of the word maybe you want we carried them out in a- just a basket.
interviewer:  That's the word I wanted. So that's- that's fine Did you have a spe-
040:  Clothes basket.
interviewer:  Alright. Now this is something uh like a um um a- a barrel but much smaller and used for um uh uh well nails for example. One of the small-
040:  A keg?
interviewer:  Alright. And uh something you put in the top of a bottle?
040:  A cork?
interviewer:  Alright now does that have to be made of cork to be called that? or can it be-
040:  No.
interviewer:  Like made of rubber?
040:  Uh-huh.
interviewer:  Something a- a musical instrument that you blow on bout this long. Has reeds in it.
040:  You talking bout the French harp?
interviewer:  Yeah. Okay now um the one you hold between your teeth and twang?
040:  Mm. That's a-
Aux:  Jew's harp.
040:  Jew's harp.
interviewer:  Okay. And the part of a wagon that goes up between two
040:  #1 tongue. #
interviewer:  #2 horses? # And they part of the wagon in the back that the horses pull on. It's right up against the-
040:  I don't know.
interviewer:  And then-
040:  I know what a- I know what you're talking about.
interviewer:  Uh-huh do you re-
040:  Right behind the horses?
interviewer:  {X} there's a doubletree and a singletree I just wanted- or- or
040:  Yes I-
interviewer:  Sometimes they're called wippletrees of wiffletrees or swingletrees or- But- You're not familiar with those?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Okay. Um and the parts of a buggy that go up under the side of the horse? Alright and the steel rim of a- of a whee- of- of a- the steel part of a wheel?
040:  Wouldn't that be called a hoop?
interviewer:  Could- yeah I suppose or- or- I used the word rim it could be called a rim too.
040:  Yeah. I say more- the rim of the wheel.
interviewer:  You know the term felly?
040:  No.
interviewer:  At all? Okay. And a man's going back and forth with wood in his wagon you'd say he was doing what he was?
040:  Well in the days when they used wagons I'd say they were toting it.
interviewer:  Okay. They use that for a- for a um um And what would they use now I mean-
Aux:  Hauling it.
040:  Hauling it.
interviewer:  okay but you think of toting meaning the same thing-
040:  Toting is carrying something or transporting it
interviewer:  Okay. And. They cut a lot of tree down in the field and now they have- and- and then they and so they um they drag it off- today they drag it off yesterday they
040:  They drug it.
interviewer:  Okay. And the um uh different different kinds of- of um um implements used for uh breaking up the ground?
040:  Plows?
interviewer:  Do you know any different kinds of plows?
040:  Not familiar enough to uh- I know they have a different shape that they call different kinds but I'm not familiar with-
interviewer:  Okay. How bout something that uh that's used to break up the clods in the smaller-
040:  Uh that's called a cutting {X}
interviewer:  Okay. And the part that goes from one wheel to the other on a wagon?
040:  That's the axle.
interviewer:  Okay. And if sawing wood um you uh one uh if you use two of these things one kind is shaped like an X. You put a log on it. do you know what that's called?
040:  It's called a horse.
interviewer:  Alright. Well now there's one that's shaped like a A-frame and there's one that has an X-frame
040:  No I've saw loads of them but I didn't know what they were called.
interviewer:  Okay. And might use a comb on your hair or you might use a?
040:  Brush?
interviewer:  Alright and to sharpen a ra- A- a straight razor use a?
040:  Leather strap.
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  Uh you'll- the older people u- use the word strap.
interviewer:  Okay but the word strap is- is- uh is- you wouldn't-
040:  I wouldn't but- but uh more familiar people would ei- would certainly use strap I'm sure.
interviewer:  Okay now that's what uh mr uh-
040:  He probably used strap then.
interviewer:  Sure. Yeah. Um. And then a um uh You might speak of this as a shell what you fire in a- in a riot. Or you might call it a-
040:  Bullet?
interviewer:  Yeah or you might called it-
040:  Cartridge?
interviewer:  Yeah. Say it again.
040:  Cartridge.
interviewer:  Um and uh something that one child sits on either side and goes up and down?
040:  That's a see-saw.
interviewer:  And when they're doing that you say they are?
040:  They're see-sawing.
interviewer:  Okay. And have you ever seen one of these um something similar to that except its just one long plank that's fixed at either end and they kind of sit on it and the board is limber it's a limber plank that they kind of bounce up and down on?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. And something that has two um- how bout a homemade merry-go-round?
040:  #1 I don't know. #
interviewer:  #2 I don't think they make those anymore. # I've seen some flying Jenny or uh
040:  No well I've heard of that one uh-huh
interviewer:  or ridey- do they use the term ridey horse here for that?
040:  No. We have a rocky horse.
interviewer:  What's- that's something {X}
040:  Uh-huh.
interviewer:  {X} like a hobby horse or-
040:  Yeah.
interviewer:  Yeah. Um and two ropes or chains suspended from a limb or-
040:  Swings.
interviewer:  Alright. And when you have a coal sto- a coal stove you um something that might be placed beside the stove just keep a small amount of coal in it?
040:  It's a- the wood box? is that what you're-
interviewer:  Well this is something that you could carry with you
040:  Oh a coal scuttle.
interviewer:  Right. And um the s- the I was talking before about the soot. you said the soot is- goes- is- is taken out of the-
040:  The flu?
interviewer:  Alright. You might call it a flue there's another more uh- uh uh just a name for the-
Aux:  The stove pipe.
040:  The stovepipe? #1 Is that what you're-. #
interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # But you wouldn't use that you'd- you'd call it the flue. not the stovepipe.
040:  Well the flue ah was built into the house and stovepipe would be connected to
interviewer:  #1 Next to it. #
040:  #2 the flu. #
interviewer:  I see. The stovepipe's attached to the- to the
040:  #1 back #
interviewer:  #2 goes to the stove to the- #
040:  #1 to the flue. #
interviewer:  #2 to the flue. #
040:  That- that would be my interpretation
interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
040:  #2 of it. #
interviewer:  And this is a- a- uh something for carrying dirt uh has one wheel and two handles.
040:  Wheelbarrow.
interviewer:  Alright. Something you carry in your hand for sharpening a- a side or a knife something a uh
040:  File.
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  Is that what you're wanting?
interviewer:  Well that's one kind. This is more like a- a stone or a rock.
040:  A whetrock?
interviewer:  Okay. How bout one that's mounted on a treble or a handle?
040:  {X} Flat stone?
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  #1 No.Okay. #
interviewer:  #2 Okay. #
040:  #1 That's still not it. #
interviewer:  #2 Um. #
040:  We got- we had one downstairs.
interviewer:  No I was- it might be called a- a griding stone
040:  Grinding stone grinding stone.
interviewer:  Alright. And this uh vehicle I drove up in is a?
040:  Is a car.
interviewer:  Alright. And uh you might take it in and to a- a service station they put it up on a- on a rack and get under it and?
040:  Grease it?
interviewer:  Alright. And so yesterday he?
040:  Greased.
interviewer:  Alright and the surface after you- if you fried some eggs in a frying pan then didn't wash it you'd say the surface is awfully?
040:  It's greasy.
interviewer:  Okay. And at the service station they might also check the water and?
040:  Oil.
interviewer:  Before they had- um uh electricity people used to burn what in lamps?
040:  Kerosene? Coal oil.
interviewer:  #1 Call- #
040:  #2 I guess. #
interviewer:  call both.
040:  That's- the more
interviewer:  #1 the local terms #
040:  #2 main term because it- # was coal oil.
interviewer:  Okay. Have you ever seen a makeshift lamp or torch made with a rag uh or a piece of cloth and a bottle or can in kerosene? Do you have a name- special name for that?
Aux:  {X}
040:  A wick is that what you're-
interviewer:  Well the wick is part of it but no I'm- what I'm really checking here is that- is that um we- we got the word from a folk informant you know really uh uh uh a person that's lived their whole life in the country and she called it a flambeau. Which I thought was-
040:  I've heard of them. Flambeau.
interviewer:  For- for- for a homemade-
040:  #1 Uh-huh. #
Aux:  #2 {X} #
interviewer:  Have you called it that?
Aux:  No I've never called 'em that before.
040:  But I have heard that term.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. But used in the country {X} Not a uh yeah But I usually think of that as a um uh something more- more elegant you know a flambeau or something. Out of Shakes- a Shakespeare play or you know in a fancy restaurant or something rather than-
040:  Maybe they're just taken the-
interviewer:  Sure well its interesting it's probably French borrowed from you know it might be borrowed from- from French I'm not sure. Uh in. {X} American English. In uh- toothpaste comes in a-
040:  Tube.
interviewer:  Alright and if they build a boat and they take it down to the water they say now we're going to?
040:  Launch it?
interviewer:  Alright And a small small boat um that um might be used on a river?
040:  A motorboat?
interviewer:  Now something that you wouldn't- uh wouldn't have the- wouldn't have-
040:  Row boat.
interviewer:  Alright do you have any other names for that?
040:  Canoes?
interviewer:  Do you know the term- uh do you ever use the term either John boat or bateau?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Neither of those. Um. Say that someone says have you been to the store yet? Uh and you say no but I am-
040:  Going?
interviewer:  Say the whole thing.
040:  Going.
interviewer:  Yeah.
040:  I am going.
interviewer:  Yeah. And we
040:  We are going?
interviewer:  #1 They- #
040:  #2 No we- # They are going.
interviewer:  Alright and someone's passing around a- a some um some dessert and they seem to have skipped past you and- and you might say am I? To get some.
040:  Am I going to get some?
interviewer:  And then speaking of that they've been- say They going to get some.
040:  They're going to get some.
interviewer:  Question though.
040:  Are they going to get some?
interviewer:  And a child has been um uh is uh one of your children looking for um uh uh article of clothing um you find the clothing you might say here-
040:  Here it is.
interviewer:  Okay. Using the word clothes. Would you- would- using the word clothes would you als- always used that as- would you always say here are your clothes would you ever say here is your clothes?
040:  No I would say here are but-
interviewer:  Even if it's just the one sweater?
040:  No I would refer to the article.
interviewer:  You wouldn't call it clothes.
040:  No.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. You see I don't th- think so but many people there uh- many people that um
040:  #1 Think so or thought so? #
interviewer:  #2 {X} # Yeah we say there are many people that think so or uh there's many- do you ever say there's many people?
040:  Yeah that- that's used. There is.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. Can you say the whole thing then?
040:  There is many people.
interviewer:  Alright.
040:  Most-
interviewer:  Now would you say that thinks so or that think so?
040:  That think so.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. Is the expression right smart used much in this area?
040:  Right smart? Yes.
interviewer:  Now. In ha- how- now how would- how is it- would it uh Would it be used? In what kinds of different ways?
040:  Well you were referring to the weather a while ago we might say that it uh it rained a right smart last night.
interviewer:  Okay. How bout um um- Would you ever use it to- for instance uh to indicate a difference? Someone says is there much difference between this and that?
040:  Yes.
interviewer:  And you say?
040:  There's a right smart difference.
interviewer:  Okay a right smart- would you ever used that in your #1 own- okay #
040:  #2 Yes I would. #
interviewer:  Now. Are there any other ways you use it?
040:  No I don't know-
interviewer:  Right smart of ways I use it.
040:  {NW}
interviewer:  {NW}
040:  There's many ways I'm sure but they're less used.
interviewer:  Yeah what- what I was thinking of it used um um Would you ever just say something is right smart?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Uh. Would you ever s- would you ever say um uh Right smart of them do. For many of them who whichever-
040:  No. No.
interviewer:  But the only way you'd use the term apparently is- is to mean just uh
040:  A great- a great {X}
interviewer:  Many and then a right smart uh it rained- it rained right smart or
040:  Uh-huh.
interviewer:  #1 Uh #
040:  #2 The- # large amount or
interviewer:  Okay. Right. And um if you're petting a dog and the dog shied away from you you might say come here I to hurt you I?
040:  I'm not going to hurt you?
interviewer:  Alright. And if you're not certain that you're right about something you might say I'm right You- you're trying to confirm it with someone else. They'd say I'm right.
040:  Am I not?
interviewer:  Well is- would that be natural for you to say am I not?
040:  Well it would be to me but uh
interviewer:  You wouldn't- it wouldn't-
040:  Lot of- a lot of the times you would say ain't I?
interviewer:  Uh-huh. Now how- how- Where do you stand on the use of ain't?
040:  I don't care for it.
interviewer:  Okay. How about would you ever say I'm right aren't I? that sounds foreign or- or
040:  No I don't-
interviewer:  {X}
040:  I don't like that.
interviewer:  Okay. So you'd say I'm right am I not?
040:  That- that's what I would say.
interviewer:  Okay well that's all I'm you know interested in. They um uh something happened uh um and um oh someone- someone took something away and um uh and you might say uh oh that's alright going to do it anyway we- That isn't a very good example the i- the idea is um uh someone apologizes for doing something to something weird then you say um
040:  Well that's alright.
interviewer:  You say that's alright because we- going to do it anyway we-
040:  We are. We #1 were. #
interviewer:  #2 in the past. # Yeah that's it. Um someone says did you break that um did you break that window and you'd say no it-
040:  It wasn't me.
interviewer:  Okay. That's- that's um uh How bout the use of the- of the uh expression be? I be or he be does that- is that um-
040:  Uh-uh.
interviewer:  He's busier than I be?
040:  No we don't-
interviewer:  Never uh how be you? For how are you?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Is that used at all?
040:  I don't ever hear it.
interviewer:  Okay. If you were going to get some um uh some uh uh drapes and you are- or some uh uh some upholstery you had some upholstery then you might stop at the store and bring home a small piece of cloth what would you call that?
040:  A sample.
interviewer:  Alright. And talking about a- uh a uh a dress. Say that's a uh what kind of a dress? It's attractive it's a- it's a
040:  Pretty?
interviewer:  Yeah.
040:  Pretty.
interviewer:  Alright if that dress is pretty
040:  #1 Now that- #
interviewer:  #2 then- #
040:  That's the word you'll find pronounced most anywhere around here some of them say pretty.
interviewer:  Uh-huh.
040:  Some will say pretty.
interviewer:  Uh-huh.
040:  And uh it's-
interviewer:  Some will say pretty huh?
040:  It's just plain old pretty.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. And a- and a- what is- is- if this dress is pretty but the other dress is even?
040:  Prettier.
interviewer:  Okay. And something you might wear over a a- a dress when you're um um cooking?
040:  Apron?
interviewer:  Alright. And s- this is a?
040:  A pen.
interviewer:  And something used to a- a diaper?
040:  A pin.
interviewer:  Okay. Alright do you hear a difference in those two sounds when you say 'em or are they about the same?
040:  No not when we're talking there's no difference.
interviewer:  Okay. They're both pen or both pin?
040:  Pin. Both pin.
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  Closer to pin.
interviewer:  Alright. and if um and a beggar might use a cup made of-
040:  Metal?
interviewer:  Yeah what do they call that metal though?
040:  Tin cup.
interviewer:  Okay and uh a dime is
040:  Silver.
interviewer:  Yeah you might call it a dime or you might- might even a nickel five?
040:  Well it's ten cents.
interviewer:  Okay. How bout tin and ten are those about the same as pin and pen?
040:  Uh yes.
interviewer:  Okay. And if you go out on a cold day you might put on a-
040:  A sweater or a coat.
interviewer:  Okay. And
040:  #1 A wrap. #
interviewer:  #2 speaking of that- # Oh pardon?
040:  A lot of people will refer to it as a wrap.
interviewer:  Okay. Now if you're talking about something with buttons you'd say that coat has buttons
040:  On it?
interviewer:  Yeah Um and something a man might wear between a coat and a shirt?
040:  It's a vest.
interviewer:  Okay. And these are?
040:  We usually refer to them as pants.
interviewer:  Okay do you ever call them anything else?
040:  Well they're trousers.
interviewer:  How bout- do you ever-
040:  Britches?
interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
040:  #2 Britches. #
interviewer:  Now. u- under what circumstance would you use britches would you use that seriously or just jokingly or wha-
040:  Well I would sue it jokingly but now the- the older generation would- and your- your more rural area will say britches and-
interviewer:  {B} that he just said that's-
040:  Britches?
interviewer:  Britches is the natural expression and then trousers is you know kind of an expectation.
040:  Yeah. When you're trying impress the-
interviewer:  Sure. Um. And if someone said uh uh did you bring my coat you say yes I have-
040:  Brought it?
interviewer:  Yeah. And try the coat on he says how does that coat fit he tried the coat on yesterday. He said that coat
040:  Fits I guess.
interviewer:  Okay yesterday then I tried that coat on yesterday and it?
040:  It fit.
interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
040:  #2 Don't know what else to say. #
interviewer:  And you- a man buys a coat and pants and he has a-
040:  Suit.
interviewer:  And it's not an old one but a-
040:  New.
interviewer:  Okay. Say the whole thing again.
040:  New suit.
interviewer:  Okay. And the pockets are all filled up with things say the pocket's-
040:  Bulging.
interviewer:  Okay. And the uh uh if- if you wash something in um uh I'm not sure if it's cold or hot water but it might?
040:  Shrink?
interviewer:  Okay. And yesterday it?
040:  Shrank.
interviewer:  And it has-
040:  Shrunk.
interviewer:  Okay. Um and a- a woman uh enjoys uh putting on um uh uh fancy clothes you say she likes to?
040:  Dress up.
interviewer:  Alright now how bout uh a term for putting on make-up? It's kind of fussing around putting on make-up. Would you talk about that in terms of dressing up or might you-
040:  A lot of people might call it a hair sprucing-up.
interviewer:  Okay. How bout the term primp up or
040:  Yeah primp. Yeah primp is more when you're fixing #1 your face. #
interviewer:  #2 put- put make-up. # You wouldn't talk about that with reference to the clothing? That would be-
040:  No. No.
interviewer:  Um something that you put um- uh coins in. Carry a small coin
040:  Purse?
interviewer:  Alright.
040:  #1 Pocket book? #
interviewer:  #2 and #
040:  Pocket book is referred to a lot around here.
interviewer:  Now is- either one is a pocket book
040:  #1 Uh-huh yes. #
interviewer:  #2 or are they two different things? #
040:  Pocket book and a purse is the same.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. But that's the outside that's the- the thing you buy that
040:  #1 Uh-huh yes #
interviewer:  #2 makes it # Okay. That's not the small change thing is it?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Uh. On a wrist that uh a um- might have a watch or just a-
040:  Bracelet.
interviewer:  Alright. And around neck you might wear a?
040:  A necklace.
interviewer:  Alright. Now if you're talking about it in terms- with reference to beads. You might call it a what of beads?
040:  A string of beads.
interviewer:  Okay. And men uh sometimes wear a belt or sometimes wear
040:  Galluses.
interviewer:  Okay now is that- that word is the- is the usual um
040:  Suspenders.
interviewer:  Yeah well both of them but how- how do you- Well I want to get into the- you know the word galluses but you- How do you use it I mean it what- under what circumstance or it just one is as good as the other?
040:  {D: Another me one big or the other}
interviewer:  Okay. Bucket or pale same- that sort of thing. And something you open up on a rainy day?
040:  An umbrella.
interviewer:  Alright. And something you put over the uh after you've made up the bed you put this over?
040:  The spread?
interviewer:  Okay. Um. Something you rest your- when you go to bed you rest your head on a?
040:  Pillow.
interviewer:  Now a large pillow that goes-
040:  Now that spread back there on the bed a lot of people call it a counterpane.
interviewer:  It- do you ever use that?
040:  No I don't but the older generation might.
interviewer:  Okay so same thing though?
040:  #1 Uh-huh. #
interviewer:  #2 as a- #
040:  A spread and a counterpane.
interviewer:  How bout a large pillow? A- a long pillow? Maybe a round one that goes-
040:  No I don't know what it's called but a pillow.
interviewer:  Okay your- term bolster you don't-
040:  No.
interviewer:  And if something doesn't go partway across you say that goes?
040:  All the way across.
interviewer:  Okay. You never use clean or clear or plumb or-
040:  Uh you'll find the older generation using clean across.
interviewer:  Okay. Now this is something that you um uh something its uh washable impossible ti- uh but not tied. something like a blanket. Women used to make these.
040:  Quilt?
interviewer:  No. Um. In a bed made up on the floor-
040:  Pallet.
interviewer:  And if soil is very rich say this is what kind of soil?
040:  Well we'd say it's good soil or uh referred to as top soil #1 sometimes. #
interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # But uh something that starts with fur some fur.
040:  I don't know. This would be a- Fur?
interviewer:  Yeah that's it. Now how bout low lying land along a stream? So its like what in the spring and fog later
040:  It's a swamp?
interviewer:  Okay. Now. This is some- but uh
040:  Uh the bottomland.
interviewer:  Alright.
040:  #1 That's what the farmers- #
interviewer:  #2 Now is there a difference- #
040:  Farmers if they're- if you're gonna plow it it would be a far- a bottom land.
interviewer:  But the part- the- the um uh
040:  A swamp wouldn't be called anything.
interviewer:  Alright how bout low lying grasslands?
040:  I don't know what that'd-
interviewer:  Um well just uh just a um um. There was a song that was very popular when you were about a sophomore or junior in high school and the last part of it was in the meadow. There's something in the #1 meadow. #
040:  #2 Yeah. #
interviewer:  Well meadow is the word I'm-
040:  Meadow.
interviewer:  Meadow so for the term meadow uh
040:  Uh it's not too familiar.
interviewer:  The term meadow is used- meadow's the word I want you to pronounce so I- so I see that I left the tree out and gave you the word meadow. How bout a um- um uh now swamps uh you think of and uh any kind of uh inland uh-
040:  Low area that's not cultivated.
interviewer:  And there's usually water in there all the time. Um. Any name for poor sandy soil?
040:  Now we- No. We have rocky soil more here we don't have sandy.
interviewer:  Do you use the word loam or loom for anything that you use in reference to soil?
040:  No not for soil.
interviewer:  Okay. What do you think a loam is?
040:  Well loom uh something looms over you I- we use that some.
interviewer:  No this is a-
040:  Referring to soil no.
interviewer:  And if they uh- they wanted to- to plant the bottom land or- or they wanted- they wanted to plant a swamp they might uh have to have to do what?
040:  They have to clear it.
interviewer:  And then- alright and then they have to- to get the water off they have to
040:  Grain it?
interviewer:  Sure and they might then they have to cut a-
040:  A ditch.
interviewer:  Okay. And um a um uh just bodies of maybe just a couple of- of um um bodies of water around here.
040:  Well we have ponds we have rivers we have creeks
interviewer:  What- what are the names of some of the ponds? Are they- do they have name?
040:  They don't they don't have-
interviewer:  Ponds don't have names. How bout the- the- what rivers are there around here?
040:  Well there's the {X} river and the {X} river.
interviewer:  Alright how bout creeks?
040:  Louden River and Tennessee River. We have Sweetwater Creek uh We have um Head of the Creek and uh that's more referred to the Sweetwater Creek.
interviewer:  Head of the Creek is part of the- the Sweetwater Creek is that right?
040:  Yes it's-
Aux:  {D: Nochta Creek}
040:  The Notcha Creek's over in Monroe county. Other part of Blue Springs.
interviewer:  Do you have any branches?
040:  We don't refer to ba- branches much. They're not named.
interviewer:  You know I see but a- a branch is a branch
040:  A branch is smaller than a creek.
interviewer:  Is it bigger than a stream- than a- a spring?
040:  A branch would be what comes from the spring.
interviewer:  I see-
040:  A spring branch.
interviewer:  I see so a spring becomes a-
040:  Well we call it a spring branch yeah.
interviewer:  I see. But you have names for the springs but not for the branches? Is that right?
040:  Usually yeah uh yeah.
interviewer:  Okay. Um how bout a- a um um a uh a deep narrow valley of a small stream? um it's a- a uh a uh- a- a- a-
040:  A ditch or a-
interviewer:  Yeah something dug by a channel Dug by a- you know created by a stream. I don't think you use the term I'm referring to gully or a- or a-
040:  Yeah. Gully is quite familiar. {NW}
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  Washing out the gullies.
interviewer:  Yeah now that- that's isn't that more of a channel cut by erosion though?
040:  Yes that's- that's erosion gully is.
interviewer:  I was thinking of a ravine or a- a drawl or a gulch or something like that-
040:  No we don't use-
interviewer:  Okay. Um. A s- A small elevation is a?
040:  Hill?
interviewer:  Yeah now what's something a little higher than that a?
040:  A ridge.
interviewer:  And higher than that?
040:  A mountain?
interviewer:  Okay. Now between two mountains there's a- you look and you see two mountains peaks and you see a space what do you call that sp-
040:  Well that's a gap.
interviewer:  Okay. And um. It's a part that um- I've been doing this for about- for about ten years and this is the first part of the test I've been in where people have you know had an answer for this so it's very refreshing. Uh. Something tha-
040:  A gap?
interviewer:  Yeah I mean they have no name at all between mountains uh-
040:  Open up the gap.
interviewer:  Yeah. Gap or pass or-
040:  Yeah.
interviewer:  Close is another one you ever heard of a close?
040:  I've heard it but it's not familiar here.
interviewer:  Alright. Um and something that extends out on a mountain or a high hill that you might be- you might be able to walk out on.
040:  Um. A ledge.
interviewer:  Or a- that's right or another name for it. Usually you think of that in terms of um jumping off a- let's see what- you're less likely to say jumping off a ledge you'd say jumping off a-
040:  A cleft?
interviewer:  Yeah and um the um a place where boats stop and uh upon which freight is unloaded.
040:  A dock.
interviewer:  Okay. and if the- and when the water- the water's running along and suddenly it drops sharply.
040:  A fall. Waterfall.
interviewer:  Okay and something a little smaller than that what would you call it not as much as a fall but just a place where water runs more swiftly. #1 You use the word- #
040:  #2 Rapid. # Rapids?
interviewer:  Okay do you ever use the word shoals around here?
040:  Yes they are used on-
interviewer:  What would be that-
040:  Like around {X} you'll find that word.
interviewer:  What's that thing? Which word?
040:  Shoals.
interviewer:  How do you pronounce it? Um. Alright now this is different kinds of roads the composition of some different kinds of roads.
040:  Well we have asphalt and concrete.
interviewer:  Okay. Um.
040:  Or gravel.
interviewer:  Um what's another name for uh- for a- for a um for asphalt?
040:  Tar.
interviewer:  Okay. And- and a road out in the uh uh off the main that might not get refinished at all that'd be called a-
040:  The country road or the gravel road.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. How bout a small road in the- in a um- um or a s- how would you distinguish a- a uh like the one in front of your house what would you call that?
040:  It's a street.
interviewer:  Okay a street you think of a street as- as opposed- as a smaller something smaller than a- than a road but- but uh um-
040:  A road is usually leading out of town and a street is within a town.
interviewer:  Alright. How bout something that goes to the public road after the house? Or-
040:  The sidewalk?
interviewer:  Well this is something you might be able to drive up on.
040:  Driveway.
interviewer:  Okay. Now I don't- Do you have any grass between your sidewalk and the- and the um- well you have grass- what do they call that officially that'd be interesting if they-
040:  Grass?
interviewer:  Grass between the sidewalk and the street. If they have that in- in Sweetwater.
040:  We don't have that.
interviewer:  Okay. And there's no- the i- the notion I mean the idea of even having a name for that sort of thing then probably is- Hear things like uh a grass strip or a [X} or a parkway or a parking strip or a-
040:  No.
interviewer:  Tree horn none of those?
040:  Uh-uh.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. You pick something up and might pick something up and uh you say he did what at a dog he?
040:  He threw it.
interviewer:  Alright and if you pick something up and it was hard you might call that a what?
040:  A rock?
interviewer:  Okay. Um. You ring the doorbell and- you go to a friend's house and you- and you ring the doorbell and you say well I guess she isn't
040:  Home.
interviewer:  Alright. and um you'd say uh say where is uh where uh- after she gets home say now she's at the house you wanna- something in between that. She's-
040:  At the house?
interviewer:  Okay and and now you're speaking of the kitchen she's-
040:  In the kitchen.
interviewer:  Okay she's at the house but in the kitchen.
040:  Uh-huh. Okay. And um someone asks you um uh See I don't see how he can eat that dry cereal milk I don't see how he can eat that dry cereal- Without?
interviewer:  Yeah. And say I- I'd much rather have it-
040:  With.
interviewer:  You would say both expressions using milk after it though?
040:  I'd much rather have it with milk. With milk. Not without milk.
interviewer:  Right thank you. Um. Say I um I saw someone coming-
040:  Toward?
interviewer:  Yeah. And you might come home and say guess who I ran-
040:  Into.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. And say we named the child- gave the same- the child the same name as the uh- the uncle and- and you say we named the child-
040:  After.
interviewer:  Okay. And a four-legged animal that barks is a-
040:  Dog.
interviewer:  Okay and a call to a dog to attack another dog.
040:  Sic him.
interviewer:  Okay. And the na- a name for a dog of uh of um uh mixed breed.
040:  Of course that was-
interviewer:  Huh.
040:  Uh
Aux:  Mutt.
040:  Well. He's a mixed dog is I guess what we might say or he's a-
interviewer:  I just wanted to use a term like Cur or- or mongrel or feist or scrub or some or any of those.
040:  No he's more of a mixed breed.
interviewer:  #1 Okay #
040:  #2 I'd say # a mixed dog.
interviewer:  Say he was what by a dog?
040:  He was bitten.
interviewer:  Uh. You say I saw the dog-
040:  Bite him?
interviewer:  Yeah and um uh say did the dog- let's see let's see uh you'd say did the dog bite him you say yes the dog
040:  Bit.
interviewer:  Okay. And a uh um The animal the- the principle- the animal on a dairy farm is a-
040:  Cow.
interviewer:  Alright and the male counterpart is a-
040:  Bull.
interviewer:  Alright. Now. Are there any uh uh special terms that you- you remember that might be used in the presence of women to avoid using the term bull is that is that-
040:  {NW} Male cow or-
interviewer:  Uh-huh. yeah
040:  One of our preachers referred to it as a Truman cow.
interviewer:  Or Jefferson cow. {NW} And the uh they have two animals a- a- animals used for plowing other than horses. Sometimes.
040:  Oxen?
interviewer:  Yeah. Uh they use oxen around here?
040:  No.
interviewer:  What do they use- might use around here?
040:  Horse.
interviewer:  Or. anything else?
040:  Mule?
interviewer:  Uh-huh. They use mules around here?
040:  Uh-huh.
interviewer:  Alright now you have two of them working together you
040:  #1 They're a team. #
interviewer:  #2 call it? #
040:  Team of mules.
interviewer:  Okay. And how bout a left shoe and a right shoe you call that a-
040:  Pair.
interviewer:  Would you ever use that with a- referring to mules? working together?
040:  I haven't I've always heard a team of mules.
interviewer:  Okay. And a young cow is a-
040:  Calf.
interviewer:  Alright. And if uh a cow uh you'd say uh Daisy is going to- The cow is- Prefaced with calf you'd say Daisy is going to-
040:  To have a cow?
interviewer:  Yeah. And a um um a male uh the male counterpart of a- of a like the- the male and female horse is a- Well first what's a ri- a riding animal is a-
040:  It's the horse.
interviewer:  Alright and The plura- the plural is-
040:  Horses?
interviewer:  Alright the female horse. The old gray-
040:  Mare?
interviewer:  Yeah. Okay. And how- and how bout male horse?
040:  Uh the stud.
interviewer:  Okay. And tha- speaking of- of a- a in the horse's back and you go for a
040:  Ride?
interviewer:  Yeah and yesterday I-
040:  Went for a ride?
interviewer:  Yeah but yesterday-
040:  I rode?
interviewer:  And many times I have-
040:  Ridden.
interviewer:  Alright. And he was riding on a horse and he fell-
040:  Off.
interviewer:  And the little boy in- in uh uh in bed you say he fell-
040:  Out of bed.
interviewer:  The whole thing.
040:  Out of bed.
interviewer:  Okay. And this is something you pitch at- at uh- A horse wears these things. You pitch them-
040:  Shoe horseshoe.
interviewer:  Alright and plural?
040:  Horseshoes.
interviewer:  And the horse wears them on his?
040:  Feet. No his uh
Aux:  Hooves?
040:  Hoofs?
interviewer:  Yeah and the singular?
040:  Hoof?
interviewer:  Okay. And um a- a um the uh substance that grows on a sheep's back?
040:  Wool.
Aux:  And the male is called a? The male sheep- the female they don't- they don't raise any sheep around here?
040:  No we don't raise sheep.
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  {NW}
interviewer:  Um. How bout a- the animal that pork is got from is a-
040:  Well its a hog or a pig.
interviewer:  Alright what's the male called?
Aux:  Boar.
040:  Boar?
interviewer:  Alright. And the um- uh the the stuff hairs on a hog's back you'd call that?
Aux:  Whiskers.
040:  Bristle?
interviewer:  Okay or a toothbrush. And the- and a- and a um do they have any uh uh wild hogs uh
040:  Yeah they have 'em called boar hunts.
interviewer:  Uh-huh.
040:  Up in Talaco.
interviewer:  What are they called?
040:  Wild boars?
interviewer:  Okay. They call 'em anything else?
040:  No not around here.
interviewer:  And they have- those wild ones have two-
040:  Tusk?
interviewer:  Yeah. Alright. And and the pigs and hogs eat from a-
040:  Trough.
interviewer:  And the plural of that is?
040:  {NW} Troughs I guess.
interviewer:  Sure. Um- The um- uh sound that uh- oh here's it is couple things here a uh- a bone- a chicken bone that- take either- pull on it.
040:  It's called a pulley bone or a wishbone.
interviewer:  Okay. Now what is the uh- what i- what is the uh- What's supposed to happen when you do that? What's the-
040:  You make a wish and whoever gets the short stub I believe I don't know I guess so- Which one is it?
Aux:  {X}
040:  The long side of it.
interviewer:  #1 {X} #
040:  #2 {X} #
interviewer:  Okay. Okay. Um I- do you have another uh a name for the um uh the edible insides of a pig or calf? Alright uh-
040:  What's that the liver or the-
interviewer:  Alright. Yeah. How bout liver and something else? Lights.
040:  Your what?
Aux:  Lights.
interviewer:  Yeah. Your liver and lights?
040:  No.
interviewer:  And then a- the uh- the intestines that are someti- sometimes fried
040:  Oh gee {NW}
interviewer:  You heard of chitlins?
040:  Yeah that's familiar-
interviewer:  But you don't know that word- that word isn't really in your active vocabulary?
040:  Not in mine but maybe it's around here.
interviewer:  Alright and something a chicken lives in is a- A chicken-
040:  Chicken coop.
interviewer:  Alright. And a uh- a- a chicken sitting on an egg is called a?
040:  Setting hen.
interviewer:  Alright and if you go out uh to feed they uh- you'd say I'm going out to feed the-
040:  Chickens.
interviewer:  Alright and if you're going to feed the uh um the o- the animals you say I'm going out to feed the-
040:  The stock?
interviewer:  Okay. And the sound a horse makes at feeding time?
040:  Bray? Or-
interviewer:  Okay I was thinking of something like whinny or- or nicker or wicker-
040:  Now whinny is a-
interviewer:  Alright how bout the sound a cow or calf makes at feeding time?
040:  I don't know.
Aux:  {X}
interviewer:  Alright. And a- the sound a calf makes being weaned Calf being the noise-
040:  No I say they bellow.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. Now let's see. Um. Oh a name for- to- to render a horse bull calf or {D: boy to cat} sterile what's that called?
040:  Spay?
interviewer:  Okay now that's for males or that's- that's for females?
040:  That's for the females.
interviewer:  The males.
040:  I don't know.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. How uh Do you know a name for a- for a uh uh a male hog that has been- been uh uh
040:  No.
interviewer:  Okay. That's a- the term barrel but that's- they have the pronunciation of that as wheelbarrow so- wonder if there's any connection. Now. Um. Do you uh how would you call- did you ever have to call cows in from the pasture?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Okay. Or make them stand still at milking? Uh. Do you have- H- do you know how to do that?
Aux:  Huh?
interviewer:  How would you call out- call in cows from the pasture?
Aux:  {X}
interviewer:  Okay. And how bout to make them stand still at milking?
Aux:  Well I don't know I always just slap 'em on the rump.
interviewer:  Okay you slap 'em You ever said anything like sow or saw or-
Aux:  {D: Yeah saunder.}
interviewer:  {D: Saunder?} And how bout calls to calves? Any special calls to calves?
Aux:  No.
interviewer:  Or calls to horses to make- Oh you know this about making horses turn left and right.
040:  Oh that's gee and haw.
interviewer:  Okay. Do you know which is which?
040:  Gee's to the right and haw's to the left.
interviewer:  Okay. Uh uh calls to horses to get them in from the pasture do you remember?
Aux:  {X}
interviewer:  Okay. And to get a horse started you'd say-
040:  Giddy-up.
interviewer:  And to get a horse to stop?
040:  Whoa.
interviewer:  A call to pigs at feeding time?
040:  Soot.
interviewer:  And calls- well calls the chicken.
Aux:  Chicka chicka.
040:  Chick chick.
interviewer:  Alright. And if you're getting a horse ready for- to take him out for a drive you say I have to do what to the horse I have to?
Aux:  Harness him.
040:  What put the harness on him or
interviewer:  Yeah. Um. What I mean- would you ever just use the term harness? To harness him?
040:  I suppose so.
interviewer:  Alright. And the things you hold when you're plowing?
040:  The reigns?
interviewer:  Alright. you call 'em reigns whether you're plowing or riding horseback?
040:  {X} Reigns yes.
interviewer:  Okay. And the things you put your feet in when you're riding?
040:  The stirrups.
interviewer:  Alright. And do you have a special name for the horse on the left and the horse on the right when plowing?
040:  Yes but now I don't know what they are. I've heard 'em referred to but I don't know.
interviewer:  Ah. If something is in the long distance it's a-
interviewer:  Now the last thing we talked about last night is what uh- the uh- talked about the horse and about that. Right. Um. Did I ask you about the- the uh- something being a considerable distance away what you'd call that? Something was a- you say that- that- that's- that's really- you might say it's a-
040:  Um far off.
interviewer:  Okay and something a short distance you could say it's a-
040:  Close.
interviewer:  Okay. {X} it's a little-
040:  Away.
Aux:  {X}
interviewer:  Okay. Um. How bout little pieces you ever use that?
040:  Yeah we use that sometimes. There's slow people there.
interviewer:  Okay. And if something isn't difficult to find you say oh we can- you can find that just about any
040:  I tend to say you can find that most anywhere. Any where.
interviewer:  And if someone fell this way you'd say he- he fell-
040:  Backwards?
interviewer:  Okay he fell this way.
040:  That's forwards.
interviewer:  Okay. And um if I ask you are there any left and you say oh n- {NS}
040:  I would say not any.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. Someone asks you if you've done something wrong and you say no I-
040:  I haven't.
interviewer:  {D: Say the whole thing}
040:  I haven't done anything.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. And someone had a um a someone broke a {X} let's say and you'd say oh that's alright {X} Oh that's alright I didn't like it very much {X} Someone passing out uh um samples and you say well you didn't give me-
040:  Any.
interviewer:  Okay. And if a little boy is uh uh seems to be uh spoiled. Uh. {D: That's not quite a thing to say} But he grows up he'll have his trouble. Thinking here about something like um probably likely to not or {X} to not
040:  Most likely is what I'd probably say.
interviewer:  And what do you call the trenches dug by a plow?
040:  A furrow.
interviewer:  And the uh the new ways that they select {X} corn {X}
040:  {X}
interviewer:  And uh- before we plant it we have to the land?
040:  {X} the land?
interviewer:  Yeah. And if uh you have one crop of uh hay let's say and then uh the end- the uh {X} another {X} you call that a-
040:  A separate crop Or a meat crop.
interviewer:  Okay. Uh. And wheat tied up is called a-
040:  Shock.
interviewer:  Alright. Now.
040:  Or a bale.
interviewer:  Alright what's the difference between a bale and a shock?
040:  Well a shock is loose- more loose than a-
interviewer:  Okay. If you have one bushel and you have thirty-nine then you have-
040:  Bushels.
interviewer:  Okay. And if- speaking of- of oats say you're talking about oats that- after they're- they're cut they they're gathered they say oats- a machine that does this.
040:  Are ground I guess.
interviewer:  Alright. Would you ever use the term threshed or creshed?
040:  Yes I would uh-huh.
interviewer:  Which- which one sounds better to you?
040:  Um. We would say threshing.
interviewer:  Okay. And talking about uh the two of us doing something you know nobody else is gonna do it. Uh we'll have to do it. You say you-
040:  Alone?
interviewer:  No two people are gonna do it. You're talking to me and you say {X} who's gonna move that? And we're going to move it but you want to say- instead of saying we you say-
040:  You and I?
interviewer:  Yeah. That's the {X} so forth. And speaking of two people you'd say um uh uh Someone's trying to separate one of the {X} you say that {X}
040:  {X}
interviewer:  Yep. And um Who is coming over you would say um you're going over there with uh your son you'd say {X} pronouns you'd say-
040:  Uh we're coming home.
interviewer:  Alright now separate those and usually you'd say-
040:  He and I are coming.
interviewer:  Yeah. And someone says uh {D: Did you train for the {X}} and you say you ask the opponent someone asks you and you might say its-
040:  I would say it is ours but most- most people here say it differently.
interviewer:  Okay and if there's- and how bout with uh someone else? you say um uh Ask about uh say uh um- Mr Carver'd say it- {NS}
040:  It's for you or what's-
interviewer:  Would you say its in reference to something that mr Carver would say it's
040:  Busy?
interviewer:  Alright and- and the female would say-
040:  It is chilly.
interviewer:  Alright and a number of people would even say-
040:  Well we use {D: they they}.
interviewer:  Alright. Does that sound like it's they {X}
040:  To me you'd {X}
interviewer:  If you talk about someone's height you'd say uh she isn't as tall something something. She isn't as tall as-
040:  For most women we would say me.
interviewer:  Alright. I'm not as tall as-
040:  As she is.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. But uh he can do it better than- Speak for yourself now.
040:  Well I would- I would say he can do it better than I can.
interviewer:  Alright. You're talking about the- the business you go on and the walks they were several miles is-
040:  Is too far?
interviewer:  Yes but you want to make it uh- to show that it's- It's as far as you can go you'd say two miles is as far as I can go. But how bout using something like all the farther all the further or farthest something like that.
040:  {X}
interviewer:  Okay. And if something- if I ask you uh {D: now with {X} you'd say it's-
040:  That's yours.
interviewer:  And if it belonged to both of us you'd say it's-
040:  Ours.
interviewer:  And if it belonged to {X} you'd say it's-
040:  It's theirs.
interviewer:  And if it belonged to him?
040:  It's his.
interviewer:  And it belonged to her.
040:  It's hers.
interviewer:  Okay. So that's for {X} and so forth Now at- with- with a- uh that's fairly common isn't it?
040:  Yes.
interviewer:  Especially with old people And also they use a- {NS} a {X}
040:  Yeah. Yeah.
interviewer:  If you had some friends over and they {X} they left uh anything you might say? When are- coming again when are-
040:  When are you all.
interviewer:  Okay. Yeah. Now would you ever use that in the singular? Just one person?
040:  No I nearly say you. That [X} is very familiar.
interviewer:  How bout something belonging to someone else? Might you ever ask if there are several people uh you might ask about their car. Would you ever say is that-
040:  Not their car or-
interviewer:  You're talking to them.
040:  Your.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. Would you ever say is that y'all's car?
040:  No. If it's talking to one person maybe use it.
interviewer:  Alright. If you wanted to know everyone who was at a party you might say was there you might ask someone-
040:  Who all.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. And then you wanted to know everything that- that- that someone said you might ask what?
040:  What did she say?
interviewer:  Okay. If you ever wanted to get everything would you ever- would you ever use what all did they say?
040:  Yes you've heard it uh-huh.
interviewer:  What's that?
040:  What all.
interviewer:  Okay. Um and if um- some people are uh uh people- young couple just moves away you say well now they're moving away from their parents now they're going to have to look out-
040:  For themselves.
interviewer:  And you'd say uh I'd help him but he better do it-
040:  Well you're gonna run into hisself.
interviewer:  Uh-huh.
040:  Mostly but uh I would say themselves.
interviewer:  Okay. One person you'd say he could do it better-
040:  By himself.
interviewer:  Okay. Now here's some different kinds of- of bread. Uh. What do you call uh wheat bread in loaves?
040:  White bread?
interviewer:  Okay. Now D- Do you ever call it- uh do you ever use any other terms for that? Just the usual.
040:  No it's white bread.
interviewer:  Are there any other kinds of bread made with flour or white bread?
040:  Well we have rolls and biscuits.
interviewer:  What kind of rolls?
040:  Well we usually just call 'em hot rolls.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. How do hot rolls differ from biscuits?
040:  They're made with yeast.
interviewer:  That the roll rises and I see. Now what about uh uh corn bread- things made with corn bread.
040:  Well we I- I call it corn bread. A lot of people call it corn pony.
interviewer:  Alright. Now are there any other kinds of bread or cake made with corn meal?
040:  Uh there's um bread called fritter.
interviewer:  Alright. What's that?
040:  Fried.
interviewer:  How bout um something- now this might be what you're talking about. That's something made like a frying pan?
040:  Yes.
interviewer:  But you just pour it in a frying pan. Is it ever called anything else?
040:  Uh yes. Um.
interviewer:  Would you ever call it uh um would- I'm thinking of the term mold cake.
040:  Now that's an old term But they- they just call it mold cake.
interviewer:  Okay. And how bout uh uh corn bread made in the ashes of a fire?
040:  I think they call those corn holes don't they?
interviewer:  Alright. And pa- something made out of board in front of the fire?
040:  That's um- I can't remember what they refer-
interviewer:  Alright. How bout something made in fish grease? You drop- you roll it up and drop it in fish grease.
040:  I don't know.
interviewer:  They put pieces of onion in there and add a corn meal dough and then they Fry fish you wrap that- {NS}
040:  We call it a big fat frying here
interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
040:  #2 {X} #
interviewer:  You ever do that with- with corn bread?
040:  Not with corn bread.
interviewer:  How bout rolling up a- corn- corn bread and uh- boiling it with um- with greens?
040:  No now we'll mix cornbread and corn.
interviewer:  What do you-
040:  Kernels of corn.
interviewer:  I see. Does that just kind of thicken it you mean or-
040:  No you'll fry it hard.
interviewer:  And what's that-
040:  {X} thick.
interviewer:  Uh-huh.
040:  While we used to call it a- uh corn bread of a kind.
interviewer:  I see, what {X} what is the- uh I believe-
040:  I never make it but I have seen it.
interviewer:  The kind of things I was thinking about here are either um uh uh things are called- either called hush puppies. Or um-
040:  Well we have hush puppies.
interviewer:  What- Are they different?
040:  Well its- Its fried its deep fat fried.
interviewer:  Are they small things?
040:  Small.
interviewer:  Alright. And what about uh corn {X}
040:  Well a corn {X} is uh- its baked in the oven more.
interviewer:  Is uh- what does that mean? What #1 {X} #
040:  #2 Corn- # {X} instead of saying corn bread.
interviewer:  I see. That's- that's the same- that's interesting that's the same thing that uh mr uh {B} {X} Corn bread has a number of different meanings.
040:  Uh-huh.
interviewer:  Uh. You distinguish between homemade bread or what you call the other kind?
040:  Store-bought.
interviewer:  Okay. And something baked with a hole in the middle? {X} Uh Alright uh- What's that pastry with the hole in the middle?
040:  A donut?
interviewer:  Alright does it have to have the hole in the middle to be a donut?
040:  No. Jelly filled donut.
interviewer:  Okay how- and- and is that made with um yeast or not?
040:  No I don't- There's some- now some of them do Yes some of them do.
interviewer:  What about-
040:  {X}
interviewer:  Okay what about something that's uh made with a weak batter and cooked in a- a frying pan? Have it for breakfast.
040:  Um. Waffles or-
interviewer:  No. Like waffles except-
040:  A pancake.
interviewer:  Alright you ever call it anything else-
040:  Yes. {NS} um {NS} {X}
interviewer:  Alright. Now. is the term um- any other terms for that? Do you know the term fritters? For pancakes?
040:  Uh-huh.
interviewer:  But it- you wouldn't use it?
040:  No uh usually a fritter is anything we're talking about is fried in {X} fat
interviewer:  {X}
040:  {X}
interviewer:  {X} If you had one pound of flour then you had another then you'd have two?
040:  Two pounds.
interviewer:  Alright and the center of an egg is called the-
040:  Yolk.
interviewer:  And it's color?
040:  Yellow.
interviewer:  And a chicken lays a-
040:  Egg.
interviewer:  Alright. And if you put those in water for three minutes you'd have-
040:  Boiled egg.
interviewer:  And what if you opened them up in there? In the water.
040:  You'd have a poached egg.
interviewer:  Alright. Now um this is some different kinds of- of hog meat on the s- uh the- the meat that um uh that is uh uh has very little lean in it? You've seen the side of a hog where-
040:  Well you'll refer- lotta- most everybody round here would say fatback.
interviewer:  Alright.
040:  But uh-
interviewer:  Would that be with no- Does that have some lean in it?
040:  Very little.
interviewer:  #1 Alright. #
040:  #2 Very little. #
interviewer:  Do you have a name for the no lean at all? Or you'd still call that fatback?
040:  Well what is it? Is it the meat that you use for seasoning is that what you're-
interviewer:  Yeah. Right.
040:  Well I'd call it seasoning meat.
interviewer:  Alright. Okay well now {X}
040:  Yes. We- we call 'em fatback.
interviewer:  O-okay. If you're gonna buy bacon at a in a big piece like this what would you call that a-
040:  Slab bacon.
interviewer:  Alright. And if uh you had a fourth that is smoked and salted {X} You know?
040:  {X}
interviewer:  Is uh smoking salted pork?
040:  Cured.
interviewer:  Alright. And you- talking about you get a slab of meat and you cut it up and salt it what do you call that?
040:  Ham.
interviewer:  No this is the- you have a slab and you have it for breakfast every day.
040:  Oh. Bacon.
interviewer:  Alright. Um. And meat packed in a casing?
040:  Is that- you mean the ham part or?
interviewer:  No this is just meat that's ground up and packed in a case there.
040:  I don't know.
interviewer:  Oh sure. What's salami and bologna and-
040:  Oh.
interviewer:  Different kinds of-
040:  Well whatever type of {X} ham
interviewer:  Alright.
040:  If we have bologna.
interviewer:  And what is that though? And how would you- I mean what does bologna and salami and stuff like that have in common they're all a pork- a pork kind too- a pork uh-
040:  Well they're all pressed meats and they're packaged and-
interviewer:  #1 Okay #
040:  #2 Sandwich # meats more.
interviewer:  Right. Yeah now that but um- When you use pork um like sometimes people have pork fried pork for breakfast. Um. Yeah sometimes you get links and sometimes it not.
040:  Sausage. Is that what you're-
interviewer:  That's the word Sure sure. Um Uh and a man who cuts meat is a-
040:  Butcher.
interviewer:  And if meat is left out too long you'd say the meat is-
040:  Spoiled. {NS}
interviewer:  Alright. And now you mentioned pressed meat before what would you call um a uh particular kind made with a- the meat from the- the the head of a hog and its ears and so forth? Made as kind of-
040:  {X} meat.
interviewer:  Okay. Do you have a name for ground beef rolled in tripe and pickled? Do you ever make anything like that?
040:  Ground beef?
interviewer:  Yeah. Rolled in tripe and pickled and then sliced and fried.
040:  No.
interviewer:  Do you eat anything that- that's- that's kind of like that uh made- made with cornmeal in the juice from from {X} meat?
040:  No I've seen my mother use it but I don't know what she called it.
interviewer:  Scrapple or cripple?
040:  Something {X}
interviewer:  Either- either of those? {X} How bout sausage made with liver?
040:  Liverwurst.
interviewer:  Okay. Have you had- do you know what liver mush is?
040:  No. We- we make mush from corn meal.
interviewer:  Okay. Do you make anything with blood with uh the the blood of a #1 freshly uh #
040:  #2 No. #
interviewer:  slaughtered ham? Um if butter's left out too long I don't mean it's getting soft from the heat but I mean if you can't use it you'd say that butter is-
040:  Ah I'd say it was spoiled I-
interviewer:  That's okay uh I was thinking of either uh the other two were- were rancid or throwy.
040:  Not throwy we don't use that.
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  I've heard the word rancid.
interviewer:  Okay. And milk that's allowed to thicken is said to be- What do you call that?
040:  Uh {X}
interviewer:  Alright and a kind of cheese that's similar to that kind of um made out of it?
040:  Uh cottage cheese?
interviewer:  Yeah. And in- years ago when they had to get the- when they wanted to get the impurities out of milk they would-
040:  Strain it.
interviewer:  Alright. And- and this is a a- a pastry made with uh with apples you put uh pear or pastry on and then a layer of apples and another layer of- of {X}
040:  Well we call 'em apple betties or apple {X}
interviewer:  Okay. And they're both the same thing?
040:  Uh-huh. To me they are.
interviewer:  Get out a few of those things there. Before they get all the different kinds of things you eat {X}
040:  Food.
interviewer:  And the name of a sweet liquid you might pour over a pudding?
040:  The sauce.
interviewer:  And uh- a uh something eaten between regular meals?
040:  A snack.
interviewer:  And you might say how often have you-
040:  Eaten.
interviewer:  Then you answer them I- two meals I-
040:  I have eaten or ate
interviewer:  #1 Yeah and- #
040:  #2 two meals today. #
interviewer:  This evening I will
040:  Eat.
interviewer:  Alright I'm going to What the {X} I'm going to roll {X}
040:  Hot pour or-
interviewer:  Yeah. Hot liquid that-
040:  Coffee.
interviewer:  Yeah. And- and you say what when you're going to prepare that? You'd say-
040:  Well I'd say I'm going to put- put the coffee or I'm gonna fix to put.
interviewer:  You're thirsty and you go to the sink and get a-
040:  Drink of water.
interviewer:  And the thing you-
040:  Glass or cup.
interviewer:  How much water have you-
040:  Drunk.
interviewer:  Yeah. {X}
040:  I've- I have drunk or drank three glasses.
interviewer:  And I will-
040:  Drink.
interviewer:  And people come in sit down you ask them-
040:  To be seated.
interviewer:  Alright. And so then they all-
040:  Sit down.
interviewer:  Alright. And you pass the potatoes down and you say-
040:  Uh. Have some or -
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  help yourself.
interviewer:  And- Alright help yourself and so then they-
040:  They help themselves.
interviewer:  And they had-
040:  Helped.
interviewer:  Sure. And if you don't want any food that's being passed around you'd say-
040:  No thank you.
interviewer:  And food- you had a roast one day and you had the same thing the next?
040:  That's uh leftovers.
interviewer:  {X}
040:  {X}
interviewer:  And the uh the stuff that- said you made it some people had it boiled and some people had it fried.
040:  That's mush.
interviewer:  Alright. And corn and- and uh cabbage and carrots are all different kinds of-
040:  Vegetables.
interviewer:  And a place you grow them in a yard is a-
040:  Garden.
interviewer:  And the uh- uh this is coarsely ground corn. Uh or- or uh its um they have to take when they take the- yellow part off. Its uh a corn product made of corn.
040:  Ho- hominim?
interviewer:  Yeah. And what about if its ground what's that called?
040:  Grits.
interviewer:  Okay. Alright now mr uh {B} didn't know the word grits-
040:  {X}
interviewer:  {X} {D: He loves grits.} Now this is something you might have with um you might have instead of potatoes. White. Looks a little like {X} except it's a- it's a grain that's uh grown in swampy lands.
040:  Well we call it rice.
interviewer:  Sure. And a name for- for cheap whiskey.
040:  Moonshine.
interviewer:  Oh well now that would be home- home brewed but illegally made is there any- any names that come to your mind-
040:  White lightning.
interviewer:  Okay. Now I mean both white lightning-
040:  And those are slang expressions.
interviewer:  Sure. But both of those are- are targeted {X} or the whole group-
040:  Uh yes.
interviewer:  If there's something- something cooking in the kitchen you might tell- tell someone just that. Just.
040:  Smell.
interviewer:  Perfect. And this is something that's made with uh something-something like sugar. It's ground and boiled maybe. Maybe you didn't but- Well- well what do you put on pancakes?
040:  Syrup.
interviewer:  Alright now something similar to syrup.
040:  Um. Are you talking about molasses?
interviewer:  Yeah. Now if we talk about molasses we talk about the molasses we're gonna say it's thick. The eh- you say the molasses-
040:  Uh are they thick or-
interviewer:  Now that's what I mean now that's what-
040:  Saying they're thick or uh a lotta people say they run slower.
interviewer:  Okay. Okay fine. But when you say that you'd- you'd say you'd say that- say that in plural. Molasses are-
040:  Thick.
interviewer:  Okay {X} Do the words long sweetening and short sweetening mean anything to you? In relation to sugar or molasses?
040:  Um not molasses it might refer to being not so sweet with sugar or sweetening something.
interviewer:  The term to short-sweeten.
040:  Uh-huh.
interviewer:  Alright. And if something isn't artificial uh it's you might say it's-
040:  It's uh real or um genuine.
interviewer:  That's the word. Um and sugar- something might be sold in packages or it might be sold in a- In a um- Might just be a big bellow with the sugar in it.
040:  Loose.
interviewer:  Okay. Would you ever use another word something like {D: it was brought in?} But a whole lot {X}
040:  I don't know.
interviewer:  Do you use bulk?
040:  Bulk we use. Bulk uh-huh.
interviewer:  Okay now Somethi- something like jam. Like with a jar.
040:  Jelly?
interviewer:  Alright. And you have three shakers at the table.
040:  Salt and pepper.
interviewer:  Alright and if these- this is a red fruit that grows in trees in lar- in large redwood-
040:  Apple.
interviewer:  Now if you want one you say- you might say to someone please-
040:  Hand me-
interviewer:  G-
040:  Get me one or-
interviewer:  Give.
040:  Give me an apple?
interviewer:  Yeah. And at the- which boys are you talking about are you talking about these boys and you say no-
040:  Those boys.
interviewer:  And I say is it uh I ask you where something is you say its not far its just right-
040:  Right over there.
interviewer:  Alright. And you're showing someone how to do {X} you do it-
040:  This way.
interviewer:  Alright. If you don't hear what someone says you might say-
040:  Pardon.
interviewer:  Alright. And the opposite of rich is?
040:  Poor.
interviewer:  And you might- speaking of a poor man uh having a hard life you say a man- poor. Has a hard life.
040:  Very poor?
interviewer:  A man who has nothing but most anything. {X} A man-
040:  Is very poor?
interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
040:  #2 Is that the right term? #
interviewer:  And uh you say I'm a um speaking of- you'd say I'm not a- a nurse but I have a sister-
040:  Who is.
interviewer:  Okay. {NS} With a- with a very rich father. You might say now um he's um a boy and then father is very rich how would you say that? He's the boy
040:  Who has a wealthy father?
interviewer:  Yeah yeah you wanna say he's uh- He's a boy um father is very rich. You wanna put a word in- in the middle there. He's a boy-
040:  Whose?
interviewer:  Sure. And George Washington chopped down a-
040:  Cherry tree.
interviewer:  And what do you call that thing in the middle of a cherry?
040:  Pit.
interviewer:  And how bout a- in a peach?
040:  The seed.
interviewer:  And a- and a- a um a peach that separates easily from its seed.
040:  Freestone.
interviewer:  Alright and one that does not.
040:  I forget what they call those now.
interviewer:  Well some of the- queenstone or plumpy-
040:  Yes queenstone. Queenstone that's it.
interviewer:  Alright and the middle of an apple is called the-
040:  Core.
interviewer:  And- you have a special name for pieces of dried apple?
040:  No.
interviewer:  #1 You know #
040:  #2 No. #
interviewer:  the word snits? #1 Is that- #
040:  #2 No # No.
interviewer:  That's Pennsylvania where that is. The nut that grows underground?
040:  The peanut?
interviewer:  You call it anything else?
040:  Goobers.
interviewer:  Okay. How bout-
040:  Now that's a very familiar way-
interviewer:  Yeah.
040:  That's more of slang to us.
interviewer:  Sure. Um This is a nut that grows in a tree it has two coverings on it.
040:  A hickory nut or-
interviewer:  Another {X} {X}
040:  Walnut?
interviewer:  Alright. Now what do you call- you have a- you know the name for the outer covering and the inner covering?
040:  {X} I call it the hull.
interviewer:  The outer one? What do you call the inner one?
040:  We call it the shell.
interviewer:  Okay. And now these are a couple kinds of nuts and one kind grows here {X} The kind that grows here and both of them are used in cooking. What kind of nuts you use-
040:  The peanut I mean a- The pecan.
interviewer:  Yeah and then the other one.
040:  The walnut.
interviewer:  Yeah and then there's- so there's another one that you use with cooking sometimes making Christmas cookies. A white- {X}
040:  The almond?
interviewer:  Yeah. And this is the fruit that's grown in Florida.
040:  Oranges or grapefruit.
interviewer:  Oranges and then if your- If you had to make some orange juice you had to send someone to the store for you said the oranges are-
040:  Are all rotten.
interviewer:  Okay. And this is a little red vegetable that grows underground.
040:  A beet?
interviewer:  Smaller than that. It's used in salads.
040:  Um a radish.
interviewer:  Alright. And this is the plural of that.
040:  Radishes.
interviewer:  Alright and this is a- a- something that grows on a vine. You have to put out uh sticks so you'll get plant
040:  Tomatoes.
interviewer:  Alright and these uh vegetables grow underground and you boil them or bake them or fry them.
040:  Potatoes.
interviewer:  Alright now uh what different kinds of potatoes are there?
040:  We have Irish potatoes and sweet potatoes.
interviewer:  Alright. Um. What about the kind that- cut and it makes your eyes water?
040:  Onions.
interviewer:  Do you have a special name for the little ones that grow um- the they got the you know the- the green stalks that you pull on-
040:  Well its uh green onions we call them.
interviewer:  Alright and this is a kind of vegetable that you eat fried. They grow it around here.
040:  The squash?
interviewer:  Something- well what kind of squash are there?
040:  Well we have a um {X}
interviewer:  Uh-huh. What do you call #1 the yellow one? #
040:  #2 the yellow- # There's yellow squash.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. The kind with the green-
040:  The green one I- I call them {D: barking} squash.
interviewer:  Okay #1 what- #
040:  #2 Uh-huh. #
interviewer:  That's a good word. Um. How bout- this is a- a vegetable that you fry and its something like- its a little bit like {X} It's also used in- in soup.
040:  Eggplant is that what you're-
interviewer:  Something- it's not eggplant but its okra.
040:  Okra?
interviewer:  Yeah what do you use that for?
040:  We just fry it.
interviewer:  Yeah well that's- uh I was in the army with a- a boy from Tennessee I'm not sure what town he was from.
040:  Lot of them are bored on beans.
interviewer:  Yeah he was talking about fried okra all the time and I didn't know what okra was. {NW}
040:  No no his fried okra.
interviewer:  Yeah. He loved it.
040:  Good and crisp.
interviewer:  If something- something uh was- was- was bacon for example what might you say of bacon when you- you fry it and- and it- it gets smaller you might say the bacon-
040:  It shrinks.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. Might you use another word for uh shrinked up you might say it Speaking of an old person you'd say why he just you would say he just uh shrunk up and died but you might say-
040:  {D: shrivel?}
interviewer:  Yeah okay. Alright. And speaking of the side of- Hi Howard I'm all over town. {NW} Uh speaking of cabbage and would you say those ca- would you say those cabbages are big or those cabbage are big?
040:  I'd say those cabbage are big.
interviewer:  Okay. And to take beans out of them you do this to a bean.
040:  You break 'em.
interviewer:  Alright Now what do you call a bean that you have to break?
040:  Green bean.
interviewer:  Alright. What about beans that you have to take out of the- out of the pod? You-
040:  Well dried beans.
interviewer:  Yeah-
040:  Or pintos.
interviewer:  Okay. But uh what other kinds are there? {X}
040:  Well you thinking bout lima beans?
interviewer:  That's what I was making sure. I was wondering if you used butter beans.
040:  Uh. We- we do use butter beans.
interviewer:  Are butter beans different from lima beans?
040:  To me a butter bean is a larger more yellow.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. But where- when you're taking lima beans out of the pod what do you say you're doing?
040:  We're shelling.
interviewer:  Okay. And what about beans that um- another kind of of- any other kinds of green beans? Or do they just use that one term or are there different kinds?
040:  Well sometimes we'll refer to them as a type of uh half-runners or peanut bean or something like that but its um they're all a green bean.
interviewer:  What about the ones that are- half-runners are the ones that grow in the ground?
040:  Right well. They're not stuck. In the garden {X}
interviewer:  What about-
040:  Stick beans.
interviewer:  You call 'em stick beans?
040:  Uh-huh. They grow on a stick.
interviewer:  Okay. You call 'em stick beans rather than pole beans.
040:  More- more common I think is stick bean.
interviewer:  And what are confused Kentucky wonders?
040:  Yes.
interviewer:  And what is that, that a kind of stick bean?
040:  That's a stick bean.
interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
040:  #2 Uh-huh. #
interviewer:  And names for the edible {X} and the-
040:  The greens.
interviewer:  Okay. And if you have one head of lettuce and you had another you say you have two-
040:  Two heads.
interviewer:  Okay do you ever use um- Talking to children that uh somebody had five children five- D'you ever use the term {X}?
040:  No you done cattle.
interviewer:  Uh-huh but never with uh with- with kids?
040:  No. not like {X}
interviewer:  The- on a- on an ear of corn the part that you take off
040:  The kernel.
interviewer:  Yeah well this is over the kernel.
040:  Oh the hu- um.
interviewer:  That's right.
040:  The husk and but that's not the one-
interviewer:  Well that's one of them and then there's something between the husk and the corn like fine stuff.
040:  The silk.
interviewer:  Okay. And corn served on the cob what do you call that?
040:  Corn on the cob.
interviewer:  Uh do you have a- do you have another name for it? How bout the type of corn stock that you have to-
040:  That's the tussel.
interviewer:  Okay. And This is a large thing it's something like a squash that grows out the garden from the ground?
040:  Pumpkin.
interviewer:  Yeah. #1 And- #
040:  #2 And # you'll find the pumpkin
interviewer:  #1 Yeah #
040:  #2 round here. #
interviewer:  #1 Sure #
040:  #2 {NW} #
interviewer:  Uh Now this a kind of melon that you chill and then eat for breakfast uh-
040:  Uh Maybe something like a cantaloupe or a um um Lot of times we'll refer- refer to it as a mush melon.
interviewer:  The same thing?
040:  Well it's got it's-
interviewer:  Both of them with the- the kind of- kind of #1 Mush- #
040:  #2 orange-ish inside #
interviewer:  and brownish rough skin. Do you have a different name for the ones that are kind of greenish and white? White and yellow each side? They're about the same size except they're-
040:  Dew melon.
interviewer:  Okay. So honeydew melon or-
040:  Yes-
interviewer:  dew melon?
040:  Well Either. Honey dew or dew.
interviewer:  Okay. What about those long melons that are red-
040:  That's a watermelon.
interviewer:  Okay are there any different kinds of that you know you have names for distinguishable kinds of watermelon?
040:  Well we have the striped and green.
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  That we-
interviewer:  You don't use other- any other terms though for distinguishing-
040:  No.
interviewer:  Okay. um These are little things that grow in- some of them are poisonous. Some of them are not um You have to be very careful if you're picking them when you cook 'em you- you uh use a steak. Slice 'em up and fry them. Put 'em in the fire with butter and it turns into steak. There's also soup made with this cream.
040:  Mushrooms?
interviewer:  Yeah now do you have a name for the flavor of them?
040:  You're talking about the {X}
interviewer:  Okay but- Now if someone has something in his throat it- it- it was stuck in his throat and you'd say he couldn't-
040:  Swallow.
interviewer:  Alright. Um. And two- two kinds of things that people smoke are-
040:  Cigarettes and cigars?
interviewer:  Alright. And if you don't- if you- if you don't have any outstanding debts you might say I'm not anybody I'm not-
040:  I'm not in debt or I don't owe anybody.
interviewer:  Okay. And someone says are you are you able to do this and you say yes I-
040:  Am. Or I can.
interviewer:  Alright. Uh and you'd say no I-
040:  Can't.
interviewer:  When you're very tired {X} really tired because I worked-
040:  Worked hard or?
interviewer:  Yeah well how would that whole thing all the way? I-
040:  I'm tired because I really worked hard all day?
interviewer:  Okay. And if someone is uh uh someone has been uh- been sick for a while and then- and then they died uh {NW} the doctor arrives and you want to tell someone that the person is- is- is dead no longer alive you might say he is-
040:  Well we're just used to say he's dead.
interviewer:  Alright. How bout already? Died you'd hear more Course I don't think you would use it as gone.
040:  No.
interviewer:  No you wouldn't Um If someone i- isn't- isn't careful but uh should be you might say he what to be careful?
040:  He- He ought.
interviewer:  Alright. And if you're gonna tell a child not to go someplace you'd say you-
040:  You can't.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. Uh. How about uh do you ever use dasn't or daren't? Or uh dast?
040:  Now daren't We use that {X}
interviewer:  Uh-huh. If someone doesn't know something that you think they should you might say to know that you-
040:  You ought to know it.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. And- and the person wants to say that to himself. Um. He'd say I'd say- I'd say he had ought to know that. And then if the- negative of that would be he-
040:  He doesn't know it or-
interviewer:  Um have you ever used haven't ought to know. {NS}
040:  Uh yes I've heard that have not to know.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. Someone says will you do this and you say no I-
040:  No I won't.
interviewer:  Alright. And a person wants to know if you'll help them um {NS} if you'll be able to help them you're not sure you say well I be able to help you I-
040:  I might be able to help you?
interviewer:  Alright do you ever use might could? I might could help you?
040:  Now that's frequent uh-huh. I've heard it.
interviewer:  You wouldn't use it yourself though?
040:  No I don't think so.
interviewer:  {X} um If a person- you thought a person should have helped you but didn't you might- you might say to that person you have helped me.
040:  You should have.
interviewer:  Okay. Um This is a kind of a of a- of a bird that makes a- a- a hooting sound.
040:  Wood owl?
interviewer:  Alright now is there another kind of owl that hoot owl that you know?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Kind of makes a kind of screeching sound.
040:  Screech owl.
interviewer:  Do they have those around here too?
040:  {D: Well they're not heard around here.}
interviewer:  Now this is a- a bird that gets up in a tree and-
040:  The woodpecker?
interviewer:  Alright. And this is an animal with a life cycle that uh {X}
040:  There's a skunk.
interviewer:  Okay. And do you have a general name for any kind of animal that might bother chickens? something that might- usually joking would reference a {X}
040:  Uh. I've heard it but I don't remember what it's-
interviewer:  Think varmint.
040:  Well yeah varmints- Varmints can refer to lots of things around here.
interviewer:  What do varmints refer to?
040:  It's an animal.
interviewer:  Yeah but is it-
040:  It would be an animal.
interviewer:  A predatory animal or it would- it would be um an animal that would get into-
040:  Yes a-
interviewer:  Destructive animal.
040:  Mischief.
interviewer:  Yeah. What kinds of animals are varmints?
040:  Well usually a destroying.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. Are there any particular kinds of anim-
040:  No.
interviewer:  Alright. Here's a little animal that uh eats nuts and climbs up in trees.
040:  It's a squirrel.
interviewer:  Are there any different kinds of those?
040:  {NW} Yes. Well we usually just have the squirrel just- or the tree squirrel.
interviewer:  What about the ones that don't get- {NS} But they're not- they're not really squirrels. They would be call- {NS}
040:  {X}
interviewer:  Okay now little we talked about squirrels He said he likes squirrels and uh uh {X} tried to run right past him. {NS}
040:  It's like a gopher? {X} A gopher is smaller than a squirrel. They dig some burrows up in the
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  ground.
interviewer:  Yeah but now if you go to run around the yard you'd say the yard was {X} by the-
040:  A mole?
interviewer:  No I was thinking of something I wouldn't use Either a ground squirrel- Gopher's okay though Gophers we call 'em {X} they had kinda couple strikes on their back dark-
040:  I think so-
interviewer:  Couple shades of brown. Uh what kind of small fish are around here?
040:  I think they have a- a croppy.
interviewer:  Yeah.
040:  And a- course we have some catfish and some trout.
interviewer:  Now- But what is the sh- sh- something like fish uh seafood that is in a- in a shell you break the shell open?
040:  The oyster?
interviewer:  Alright. And this is something- this is some- a thing that uh kind of like a uh another kind of shellfish that lives in the water?
Aux:  The crabs?
interviewer:  Alright you ever call it anything other than crab?
040:  I mean I've heard other names for them but I always called them crab-
interviewer:  Called 'em crawfish or crawdads or-
040:  Crawfish.
interviewer:  Now how bout something that {X} uh the kind of taste after it boils? When you have french fries?
040:  You're not talking about shrimp are you?
interviewer:  Yeah. Um. And now these are things that hop along the ground a bit. They- They make croaking sounds they're down near the water.
040:  Oh a frog?
interviewer:  Yeah now what do you call a great big one?
040:  Bullfrog.
interviewer:  Alright. And what about the ones that are just on the grou- on- on- they never go in the water?
040:  Um. A coke frog?
interviewer:  Okay and do you have a name for the little ones? That uh-
040:  A tadpole?
interviewer:  Well. No I didn't mean that but that's- that's right but I- I was thinking of these very small green frogs that make a kind of piping noise {X} Some over on the trees {X}
040:  No just the frog is all that I know.
interviewer:  You know about tree frogs or tree toads?
040:  I've heard the expression.
interviewer:  Okay. Um What are these things that grow- uh we used to bake the frogs in the ground.
040:  Dinner?
interviewer:  #1 So I'll have that too but- #
040:  #2 {X} #
interviewer:  this is something that uh {X}
040:  The little red ones?
interviewer:  Yep. Now these things that move along the ground very slowly they have a hard shell?
040:  A snail.
interviewer:  Yeah bigger. Some of them you see in water and some of them you see- And when you- and when you frighten them they put their heads in their sh- the shell.
040:  Turtle.
interviewer:  Yeah. And you call 'em turtle in the water or land or both?
040:  Well the dry land turtles we call them.
interviewer:  Okay. #1 Um. #
040:  #2 And- #
interviewer:  And what do you call the ones that are in the water? Do you have any special name for them?
040:  Well there is a difference in them. But I can't think of it right now.
interviewer:  Alright. How bout a- a- these things that fly around uh- or a candle. Around a light bulb.
040:  Tinderflies?
interviewer:  Alright. Now those the same things that get into your clothes?
040:  Moths.
interviewer:  #1 Yeah so different #
040:  #2 We call those moths. #
interviewer:  tan or black?
040:  Uh they're similar.
interviewer:  Okay what would you call it if one if you talk about a moth just one. The singular is-
040:  A moth.
interviewer:  Yeah. And these things that fly around and light up at night?
040:  We call 'em lightning bugs.
interviewer:  Okay. And these moths are things that that- show these wings to fly around-
040:  The butterflies?
interviewer:  See 'em out in the country no they have long slender wings.
040:  I don't know we may-
interviewer:  May call it a snake something.
040:  A snake feeder?
interviewer:  Yeah uh. Would you call it that rather than a- than a dragonfly or a- uh-
040:  I'd say most people would call it a snake feeder.
interviewer:  Okay. And now name a few different kinds of stinging insects.
040:  Like the wasp?
interviewer:  Yeah. What else?
040:  Like a bee.
interviewer:  Yeah.
040:  There's the yellow jacket.
interviewer:  Alright. And another kind?
040:  The bumblebee.
interviewer:  Yeah. What are-
040:  The hornets?
interviewer:  Yeah. Now how bout that doesn't st- doesn't sting that- that builds a nest with uh out of uh uh Tiny bar- wasp that uh uh that doesn't sting.
040:  You call 'em dirt bombers?
interviewer:  Sure. And how bout the brutal things that sting and draw blood in the- in the- the pinch?
040:  Mosquito.
interviewer:  Yeah. Um. Those things that hop along in the grass are-
040:  Grasshoppers?
interviewer:  Yeah and in- up in the corner sometimes you have to dust things out probably made by a spider. Well what's that called?
040:  A web.
interviewer:  Okay. Now its called the same thing indoors or out?
040:  Now some people might refer to them as a cobweb.
interviewer:  But that- where would that be?
040:  That would be inside.
interviewer:  Inside. How bout the part from the tree in the ground?
040:  Underground.
interviewer:  Yeah.
040:  The roots.
interviewer:  Okay. And what's the- name some different kinds of- kinds of trees {X}
040:  Oak.
interviewer:  Alright.
040:  Maple. Elm. {D: Walnut} trees. (D: Sappel} trees.
interviewer:  Uh what kind- are there any different kinds of maple trees?
040:  Yes there's uh Japanese maple I believe and a- I'm not too familiar-
interviewer:  Are there any um uh uh any sugar maples around here?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Okay. Now what would call an- a- a number of maple trees together? Growing together in an area?
040:  I don't know.
interviewer:  Say you saw six or seven of them or maybe more you know growing-
040:  Are you wanting the word clumps?
interviewer:  Something like that Sure that's fine. How bout uh sycamore is that a tree-
040:  We have some.
interviewer:  Some what?
040:  Some sycamore trees.
interviewer:  Okay. Alright. Now na- uh name a couple different kinds of poison um uh things that give you a rash. Some different kinds of bushes or trees that give you a rash.
040:  You talking about the ivy?
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  The poison ivy or poison oak?
interviewer:  Are those different?
040:  Yes.
interviewer:  Okay what's the difference?
040:  Uh poison ivy is uh- well they both grow low on the ground.
interviewer:  Uh-huh.
040:  But there's a difference in the leaves.
interviewer:  How bout a kind of bush-like tree gets bright red in the fall and it does uh it uh also you could get a- get a rash if you're not careful. {NS}
040:  I don't know.
interviewer:  Sumac or shumac?
040:  No. Not familiar with any.
interviewer:  Okay. Now how bout some different kinds of berries?
040:  You mean the berries that we have around here? We have blackberries raspberries and we have uh-
interviewer:  The kinda sell that I woulda liked. In boxes.
040:  Oh strawberries?
interviewer:  Now. You're taking some children out you might say you better be careful in picking those berries cuz some of those berries are-
040:  Poison.
interviewer:  Alright. And this is something like a- a- it's a- it's a tree that grows up in the mountains. Another l-
040:  A pine tree? or-
interviewer:  Another leaf tree.
040:  I don't know.
interviewer:  Some- Some kind of- call 'em mountain something mountain- The laurel tree?
040:  The laurel- Well yeah the laurel tree.
interviewer:  Yeah is that more like a bush than a tree?
040:  It's more like a bush to me it is a tree but it's a small one.
interviewer:  What are some other bushes that are kind of similar to the laurel?
040:  Talking about the rhododendron?
interviewer:  Yeah and then another one which you associate with salad all the time. Great big leaves and they're always shedding all this- {X} Shiny- big shiny leaves. Mac-
040:  I don't know.
interviewer:  They have pretty white flowers.
040:  Oh magnolia?
interviewer:  Sure. Um. Uh. Woman {X} see the manager emergency I'ma ask my-
040:  Husband.
interviewer:  And he would I need to ask my-
040:  Wife.
interviewer:  And a woman who's husband dead is a-
040:  Widow.
interviewer:  Yeah now and your- your- the uh male and female uh- Your- your male parent is your-
040:  Paternal parent.
interviewer:  Or your?
040:  Your father.
interviewer:  Yeah What did you call your father when you were a child?
040:  Daddy.
interviewer:  And what did you- And your- your other parent is your-
040:  My momma.
interviewer:  And- the full word. You called her momma but-
040:  Mother.
interviewer:  Yeah. And together you could they were your-
040:  My parents.
interviewer:  Yeah. Um. And how bout uh their parents what did you call them? Did you know?
040:  I didn't know them but I would have more than likely called 'em grandma. Grandpa.
interviewer:  Alright. And um you're talking about uh your um uh son and you- you have a son and a-
040:  Daughter.
interviewer:  And he's a boy and she's a-
040:  Girl.
interviewer:  And together they are your?
040:  Children.
interviewer:  You ever call 'em anything else any other names like {X}
040:  Uh a lot of people use the word kids but I don't like it I use children.
interviewer:  Okay. How bout- you ever use the term uh- uh together to give a child a name that isn't it's real name and you use that?
040:  Nickname.
interviewer:  Nickname. Uh. Something you take a baby out for a walk in?
040:  A carriage?
interviewer:  Alright. And if you do that you say you're going to what the baby?
interviewer:  Now what might you say is something a little more severe than a spanking?
040:  A whipping.
interviewer:  Okay. And if um uh you might see a little boy you haven't seen for a while you say my how you've-
040:  Grown.
interviewer:  And you say he really what a lot in the last year?
040:  He's- He has grown a lot.
interviewer:  And just without the has you say this year he-
040:  He grew a lot.
interviewer:  Alright. And you could almost see him-
040:  Grow.
interviewer:  Alright and then the name for an illegitimate child {NS}
040:  Well I'd just call 'em an illegitimate child.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. What other terms are there that you're familiar with?
040:  Uh. {NS} I don't know what they would refer it to.
interviewer:  Well that's #1 alright #
040:  #2 {X} #
interviewer:  uh certain-
040:  Uh.
interviewer:  There's the word bastard of course but you're gonna hear also a- you know a- a number of kind of jocular
040:  Uh-huh.
interviewer:  {X} things like uh-
040:  Yeah. You might hear those around here.
interviewer:  Alright.
040:  #1 Those words are- #
interviewer:  #2 If they are- #
040:  are used with- with profanity.
interviewer:  Yeah. I see okay that's good. Um. Now if your talking about say that- that uh uh uh one girl is a loving child the other daughter you say she's- she's even't a-
040:  #1 You want #
interviewer:  #2 Say- #
040:  the opposite of loving or-
interviewer:  No no not the oppos- say Jane is a loving child but Mary is an even-
040:  Uh. More loving?
interviewer:  Yeah or see you say loving or- or more loving exactly. And they um- your brother's um uh your brother's son would be your-
040:  Nephew.
interviewer:  Alright and a child whose parents are dead is a-
040:  Orphan.
interviewer:  And a- cuz the court had to appoint somebody to take care of that child that person would be a-
040:  Guardian.
interviewer:  Alright. And all the people related to you are your-
040:  Relatives.
interviewer:  And if your talking about someone who is not um a um uh uh related to you you might say he is-
040:  Nor kin.
interviewer:  Okay. And a person- you see a person from out of town you say that person is a- never seen 'em before you say that person is a-
040:  Stranger.
interviewer:  Alright. Um. How do you use the word foreigner? What is the word foreigner to you?
040:  A foreigner usually means from a different country.
interviewer:  Okay. And they- when an announcer- announcer uh say's that {D: he tends to do something like} ladies and-
040:  Gentlemen.
interviewer:  Now how do you use that word gentlemen in what- what oth- what sense would you use the word in- in normal conversation?
040:  When you're talking about a man that's rather polite. Or dignified in some sort you refer to that type of man as a gentleman.
interviewer:  Alright but you wouldn't say- cuz then you wouldn't- would you say there's a man at the door or there's a gentleman at the door? Uh when you're talking to someone?
040:  Most of the time you just say there's uh a man at the door.
interviewer:  I see. Okay. And the uh- mother Jesus her name was-
040:  Mary.
interviewer:  And her sister's name was
040:  Martha.
interviewer:  And they uh some- the second part of yearning is uh some- sometimes people have that name and then they Paul for short or nickname would be {B} Yeah and- and with a boy um might be called Bill or he might also be called-
040:  Billy.
interviewer:  Yeah. And his full name would be-
040:  William.
interviewer:  And the first book of the New Testament is-
040:  Genesis. #1 Oh. #
interviewer:  #2 New Testament. #
040:  Matthew.
interviewer:  Yeah. And what would you call a- a- a- a female school teacher? Would you have any special-
Aux:  Wait a minute which one of you two is-
interviewer:  Female school teacher? You'd say she's a-
040:  Well sometimes the people would refer to her as a schoolmarm.
interviewer:  Yeah that's what I meant. Um and a uh- an unskilled or an 'un- a preacher or minister who wasn't ordained you might say he's a-
040:  I guess we'd- I don't know.
Aux:  Would you ever use the term jackleg?
040:  Jackleg? Pretty sure. Jackleg mechanic.
interviewer:  Uh-huh.
040:  Somebody-
interviewer:  #1 Anybody who isn't uh #
040:  #2 {X} #
interviewer:  What would a jackleg mechanic be?
040:  Or we call them a mechanic's shade tree mechanic's one who don't have a-
interviewer:  Shade tree? That's what- I've never heard that one before. One who doesn't have really-
040:  Other than business. Uh.
interviewer:  #1 Oh. #
040:  #2 Or it's- # It's not trained or he just does it on the side.
interviewer:  I see.
040:  He's not actively engaged in that.
interviewer:  S- Ah I see okay wouldn't just be part time though it would mean it's kind of a-
040:  Well yeah it's part time just uh-
interviewer:  #1 Is it used- #
040:  #2 On the side. #
interviewer:  Is it used uh in a derogatory way? I mean would you call- would you call mr uh {B} a shade tree barber?
040:  Yes. I guess so.
interviewer:  Okay something kind of- I mean it is- what I'm getting at is it a non-complement is it-
040:  #1 No no no. #
interviewer:  #2 A jackleg though is isn't it? #
040:  Yes. Uh-huh.
interviewer:  Yeah that's- that's the different
040:  #1 uh-huh. #
interviewer:  #2 terms # I was getting at. Introducing uh uh- uh If you're- you're trying to find some relationships {X} I have the- the man and a woman here. And- and you say now that's- that's your uncle and that woman she's-
040:  Your aunt?
interviewer:  Yeah. And uh the- the name Sally is a nickname for-
040:  Sarah.
interviewer:  Yeah. And the um the uh Kennedy's first name was- President.
040:  John.
interviewer:  Yeah. And the uh- uh Robert E Lee was a-
040:  General?
interviewer:  Yeah and so you'd call him-
040:  General Lee.
interviewer:  Yeah. And a man right under a general would be a-
040:  Colonel.
interviewer:  Yeah. And saying it with Brown you'd say-
040:  Colonel Brown.
interviewer:  Yeah. And then another- another rank would be um in- in the army {D: lord may appear} when speak of the um-
040:  Sergeant?
interviewer:  Higher than sergeant.
040:  Lieutenant?
interviewer:  And higher than lieutenant.
040:  Lieutenant colonel?
interviewer:  Uh-huh but- Now this man right there? This is a word that isn't only- {NS} -it's a kind of you might talk to someone as the- as the- as the chief of police or he co- could also say he's the what of the police? The-
040:  Commander?
interviewer:  Yeah well it's something like- last thing you have to do is throw that- Or the man who runs the ship is the what? Say he's an old sea-
040:  Captain.
interviewer:  Yeah. Now. Alright now is that used- is that word captain used in any other ways that you can think of?
040:  Uh. Someone who's rather uh bossy in a sense might be referred to as the captain.
interviewer:  Okay. But was it- is it ever used for instance uh um by uh by negros uh to- to whites?
040:  #1 No not that I know of. #
interviewer:  #2 {X} # That's used a lot in the South. You know further South. Deep South.
040:  Now my grandfather was referred to as cap.
interviewer:  Uh-huh.
040:  Cap Star. But that was because of his relationship on the railroad.
interviewer:  I see. So is it-
040:  But the colored men did call him that.
interviewer:  Yeah. Uh-huh but that an- as kind of a- a- a reflection an indication of-
040:  Yes.
interviewer:  of authority of something I see. A man who presides over a court is a-
040:  Judge.
interviewer:  Yeah. And a- and a person going to school is a-
040:  Pupil.
interviewer:  Yep. Now how bout-
040:  A student.
interviewer:  Alright. Now what's the difference between a pupil and a student?
040:  Well to me they're the same.
interviewer:  Uh. Would you call a person a college pupil?
040:  Well. I'd- I'd- I'd more say that he's a college student I guess.
interviewer:  If you could have said elementary school student too.
040:  Yes.
interviewer:  A women who takes dictation is a-
040:  Stenographer.
interviewer:  Alright. And in this town in- in some towns we have select men that- in Alder and so forth but in this town they have- Members of-
040:  #1 We have commissioners. #
interviewer:  #2 {X} # And then around the city- now do all three of those commissioners have equal right and then-
040:  #1 Yes. #
interviewer:  #2 they # And yet they're not quite commissioners of water or something like that-
040:  Well they each designate a separate department of the city.
interviewer:  When they run is that- they run?
040:  After they're elected.
interviewer:  I see. That'd mean the three of them are equal- elected equally.
040:  Yes.
interviewer:  I see.
040:  Five.
interviewer:  Oh five. I see okay just three up for election now is that what-
040:  No there's uh one mayor and five commissioners.
interviewer:  Well I thought there was three okay well that's good I think I got it- got it straight I mis- misheard that. A woman on the stage- a male would be called an actor a women is called a-
040:  Actress.
interviewer:  And if there's someone asks you about your nationality you'd say why I'm-
040:  I'm American.
interviewer:  Sure. And a person is black uh black race is-
040:  A negro.
interviewer:  Now any what kinds of derogatory or jocular terms are common? Not necessarily words that you use yourself but-
040:  Well they- sometime referred to as uh round here jiggaboos.
interviewer:  Sure.
040:  And um well colored people.
interviewer:  Yeah what's the- the most- the most common name- the most common names-
040:  Most common used here? Either negro or colored.
interviewer:  Alright. And the most common uncomplimentary term-
040:  Oh I don't know they-
interviewer:  Not negro but-
040:  Nigger.
interviewer:  Yeah. Now how- what percentage would you guess of the population of uh- of Sweetwater is- is black?
040:  Is black?
interviewer:  Yeah.
040:  I'd say less than twenty percent. {NS}
interviewer:  More than fifteen though you'd say fifteen?
040:  I'd say between fifteen and twenty.
interviewer:  Between fifteen or twenty percent. Well that's quite high isn't it for- for eastern Tennessee or is that about is that typically or say in Athens and other-
040:  I'd say we're just most typical.
interviewer:  I see.
040:  Uh in- that book that you have will tell you.
interviewer:  Yeah well I-
040:  But I've- I've-
interviewer:  That is really terrific I want to thank you again for that- I really um appreciate that that's really got a lot of good information. How bout the- the uh uh term used for- for uh uh for whites or uh {NS} or uh if they're down in their luck or- or just simply don't work any special name for people like that?
040:  Are you referring to white trash?
interviewer:  Okay and that'd be- that'll be fine. How bout a term for someone kind of- a neutral or derogatory or jocular term for someone who lives out in the country and really never gets in- in- isn't really in touch with uh with the people in town.
040:  Well we might refer to him as a backwoodsman.
interviewer:  Okay. Are you familiar with the term hoosier at all?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Mountain hoosier?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Well see mr Henry say it that's an old {X} Term hoosier now you probably think of someone from Indiana right?
040:  I would.
interviewer:  Yeah but now because it- it uh He come up in the South but I wonder if he {X} Anybody's-
040:  Oh.
interviewer:  Uh. It's not- you don't know exactly what time- well say what time uh- uh say right now maybe to be exact about the time you'd say why it's- it's- it's uh what three fifteen it's-
040:  It's exactly.
interviewer:  Well it's not- think about it say there's about-
040:  About.
interviewer:  Okay. You'd say about at more than um would you say almost or pretty near or nearly? Which-
040:  Almost I'd #1 say. #
interviewer:  #2 Alright. # If you were running along and you and there's some ice on the ground and you lost- you slipped you'd say I what fell down I-
040:  I almost.
interviewer:  Alright. If someone's rushing you you say just take it easy just I'll be with you in- just-
040:  Just a minute
interviewer:  #1 Okay #
040:  #2 I guess. #
interviewer:  That's exactly. And someone might come in here and ask the distance to Athens would come in here and say how-
040:  Far.
interviewer:  Alright. How'd you use the expression look here?
040:  Uh if you're wanting to get their attention.
interviewer:  Alright. Now the number of t- uh if you want someone to know the number of times you go to a- a- to Knoxville each year someone might say how-
040:  How many times?
interviewer:  Or how?
040:  How often.
interviewer:  That's exactly right. Uh. I tell you something I'm not going to do that and you say am I- If you're not going to do it-
040:  I'm not either.
interviewer:  That's it. Right. And this is my?
040:  {X}
interviewer:  Alright and this is-
040:  Hair.
interviewer:  And if I didn't shave I might grow a-
040:  Beard.
interviewer:  And this is my-
040:  Ear.
interviewer:  Which one the- the-
040:  The left ear.
interviewer:  {X} And this a-
040:  Right ear.
interviewer:  And this is my-
040:  Mouth.
interviewer:  And this is my-
040:  Neck.
interviewer:  Alright and the part that food goes down is your- Something caught in your- {NS}
040:  Well we say adam's apple here #1 {X} #
interviewer:  #2 Okay. # Alright yeah. Alright so a person has a sore-
040:  Well they have a crawl.
interviewer:  Yeah.
040:  I guess-
interviewer:  Or a sore- perso- child has to stay home from school
040:  Sore throat?
interviewer:  Yeah. Do you know the word glizzle?
040:  Yes.
interviewer:  For- for the same thing as crawdad would you ever use that term is that-
040:  Uh. Jokingly I might.
interviewer:  Use what?
040:  {X}
interviewer:  Okay.
Aux:  Hello. How's everybody today?
040:  Alright how are you?
Aux:  Sleepy. {X}
interviewer:  And this is one?
040:  Tooth?
interviewer:  And two?
040:  Teeth.
interviewer:  And above the teeth are?
040:  Gums.
interviewer:  And this is the what of my hand?
040:  Palm.
interviewer:  And thi- I make a-
040:  Fist.
interviewer:  Two?
040:  Fists.
interviewer:  And you might talk about this as the elbow and wrist you might I have pains in the-
040:  Joints.
interviewer:  Okay and this is my-
040:  Chest.
interviewer:  And these are my-
040:  Shoulders.
interviewer:  This is one-
040:  Hand.
interviewer:  Two?
040:  Hands.
interviewer:  And this is my-
040:  Leg.
interviewer:  And at the bottom of the leg is the-
040:  Foot.
interviewer:  You have two-
040:  Feet.
interviewer:  Um and if you kick right here it's-
040:  The shin.
interviewer:  Alright. And a- and a person gets down like they- they sit- sitting in the back part of a leg out in the field for instance checking crouching he's down on-
040:  He's stooping?
interviewer:  Okay. Would you use- ever use the word haunches or honkers?
040:  #1 Yeah he's- #
interviewer:  #2 Honkers? #
040:  Uh-huh.
interviewer:  Which one?
040:  He's down on his- I never did use it.
interviewer:  That's good.
040:  I bet it's the- they use their haunches. Sit down on their haunches.
interviewer:  Okay. Uh if a person looks very white and uh uh {NS} kind of sickly you might the person looks awfully
040:  Pale.
interviewer:  Alright you might say pale. Anything else you might use? {NS} Would you ever use something like peaked or puny? Or uh-
040:  Well sometimes-
interviewer:  {X}
040:  A lot of times they'll use the word peaked.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. And if a person can lift a great weight you'd say he's really-
040:  Strong.
interviewer:  And what um- What does the word stout mean?
040:  Well stout can mean the same as strong but more I think of a stout person as one that's heavy built.
interviewer:  Okay. And a person very easy to get along with you say he's a very what kind of person very-
040:  I'd say he was congenial.
interviewer:  Okay. Um and if a- teenager's always falling over everything you'd say he's awfully-
040:  Clumsy.
interviewer:  Alright. And something might be said about a person who just seems to do everything wrong you might saw oh that- Do you want to put in after that you'd say oh that {NS}
040:  Well I don't know I-
interviewer:  Just well it could- I mean it could be anything like doughhead, dunkerhead, fool or uh fool head {D: whatever have you}
040:  Well we call {NW} sometimes we refer to them a- in our household as knucklehead.
interviewer:  Okay {NW} Alright. A person who is uh- who doesn't uh uh uh is pretty hard to separate from his money you'd say he's a-
040:  He's stingy.
interviewer:  Alright. And- and one who uh- what about- how about someone who gets the most out of other people? Don't you have a- {NS}
040:  Um I'm trying to think of the word that we call 'em um. He's cheap or uh
interviewer:  #1 Did you ever use the word tight? #
040:  #2 I don't know. # Well that- that refers to the same thing as stingy
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  most of the time.
interviewer:  Alright.
040:  Top bark on the tree.
interviewer:  Okay. Now what about- how bout the word common is common ever used in a complementary sense? Talking about- talking about people being common? What would that mean to you?
040:  Uh well a common person would be not uncomplimentary nor complimentary it means he's just uh an ordinary-
interviewer:  Ordinary. Like you- do you ever use the sense common to mean an uncomplimentary sense?
040:  No I wouldn't.
interviewer:  Okay. Um and if a- if someone like mr {B} and uh really uh gets around a lot you'd say he's really- for his age He's really-
040:  Uh- I'd say active.
interviewer:  Okay. And if something makes you a little nervous you'd say I feel a little what about that.
040:  Jittery.
interviewer:  Alright a little-
040:  {D: Juberous.}
interviewer:  Um {X} Let's see uncomfortable another word might be- Uneasy? Yeah. And a little child wants a light in the night because he's what of the dark?
040:  He's afraid.
interviewer:  Alright. And you say- he might say oh well why you- you didn't- um be afraid of the dark.
040:  You need not.
interviewer:  Yeah well its- you're- you're telling him that uh uh- See I didn't know you were afraid of the dark I knew- I knew you what to be afraid of the dark?
040:  You shouldn't?
interviewer:  #1 No use- #
040:  #2 Or you- # Used to be not-
interviewer:  Yeah. You used to be afraid of the dark and then- and then that's right and the other would be- Not so you'd say
040:  Uh. You didn't used to be afraid.
interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
040:  #2 Something like that. #
interviewer:  And if a person doesn't- doesn't watch out what he's doing you say he's an awful what kind of a- let's say a driver he's a-
040:  Terrorist.
interviewer:  Alright. And if something's very strange you might that's awfully-
040:  Odd.
interviewer:  Alright another word similar to that. Starts with a Q
040:  Queer?
interviewer:  Yeah. Now does that have any special connotation?
040:  Well odd- it would mean odd or uh Just not right.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. If someone doesn't- is- is difficult to get along with um refuses to change his mind you might say to that person don't be so-
040:  Stubborn.
interviewer:  Okay. And a person is easily offended you might say he's awfully- Say the least little thing and he gets very angry let's say. {NS} He's awfully-
040:  Touchy or-
interviewer:  Great. That's- that's great. And a person who is touchy he gets awfully what? He's-
040:  He gets mad.
interviewer:  So you might say to him just keep-
040:  Calm.
interviewer:  Say the whole thing.
040:  Just keep calm.
interviewer:  Alright.
040:  Now ya- now that- The older people would say cam.
interviewer:  Uh-huh.
040:  My father might say cam.
interviewer:  Cam? Well that's good right?
040:  To cam.
interviewer:  A- a person who um you say oh hey say I worked all day I'm really-
040:  Tired.
interviewer:  And if you're just- if you just scarcely move you say I'm
040:  Pooped.
interviewer:  Okay. Uh. You say I'm all-
040:  Well I don't wanna- you might say I'm all done in.
interviewer:  Alright that's one. Okay that's fine I was thinking about something with wear- To wear. You know-
040:  Worn out?
interviewer:  Yeah. And someone else might say well he's worked all day and he's had supper and now look at him he's-
040:  Ready to go.
interviewer:  Okay. Um would you ever use raring in that sense?
040:  Raring to go yes.
interviewer:  Alright. And do you ever refer- talking about a very good time you had uh or someone had they speak of a very good time they have at a party they said they had what kind of a good time?
040:  Uh. A heck of a time?
interviewer:  Okay you ever use the expression torn down in that sense? A torn down good time is that at all familiar to you?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Okay. {X} Um. And a- and a- a little girl uh daughter- daughter had to come home from school because she what at school? She-
040:  She got sick?
interviewer:  Alright. And uh say she's sick now but she'll be well again-
040:  Soon.
interviewer:  Okay. Do you ever use by and by in that sense would you use that?
040:  Not very often.
interviewer:  Alright. And a boy is {NW} going like this you say he has a-
040:  Cough.
interviewer:  And he went out and didn't have enough clothes he um what cold? He-
040:  He caught.
interviewer:  Alright and he's talking like this you'd say he's-
040:  Hoarse.
interviewer:  Alright. And a- a person sitting in a chair and his eyes keep opening and closing you'd say he's very-
040:  Sleepy.
interviewer:  Alright. And to wake so- you want someone's life back and you shake him and you say-
040:  Wake up.
interviewer:  Alright and- and so say that the person-
040:  Wakes up?
interviewer:  Alright. A child's sick and you- you go over there and give him some medicine then you might say haven't you what your medicine yet?
040:  Taken.
interviewer:  And he says yes I yesterday I-
040:  I took.
interviewer:  And I will- tomorrow I will-
040:  Will take.
interviewer:  Alright and a person can't hear he's-
040:  Deaf.
interviewer:  Yeah and a person works out in uh in the hot sun all day and he begins to-
040:  Sunburn.
interviewer:  Yeah but he-
040:  Blister.
interviewer:  Water pours-
040:  Oh sweat.
interviewer:  Alright. And a- a discharging sore a large discharging sore would be called a-
040:  Well we'd use I say I guess a running sore.
interviewer:  Alright. Uh you ever use the term either the term boil or rising or raising?
040:  Uh boils are-
interviewer:  Alright and what do you call that uh substance inside a boil?
040:  Pus.
interviewer:  Alright. And my hand I- my hand's infected and it's all-
040:  Swollen.
interviewer:  Um. Uh. As soon as I- see as soon as I got the infection my hand-
040:  Swelled?
interviewer:  Yesterday it really-
040:  Was swollen?
interviewer:  Well think the was not you say yesterday it really-
040:  Swelled?
interviewer:  Okay. And um what is buck fever do you use that word at all?
040:  No
interviewer:  #1 Buck fever? #
040:  #2 I haven't. #
interviewer:  Uh uh what do you call the- the substance in a blister you said it was pus in a um uh pus in a uh in a boil. What about in- just in a blister?
040:  I'd call it water.
interviewer:  Okay. And A person is uh um uh suffers a gunshot-
040:  Wound.
interviewer:  A if it- and if a wound doesn't heal right and they have to cut some of that skin away do you know what they call that? {NS}
040:  Lancing is that what you want?
interviewer:  Well I was thinking do you know the word proud flesh?
040:  I've heard it yes.
interviewer:  You've never used it though?
040:  I- I don't. But I have heard the older people talk about it.
interviewer:  About what?
040:  Proud sore.
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  #1 {NW} proud flesh. #
interviewer:  #2 {X} # Uh something they u- they don't use it as much any more it's kind of a- uh something you put on a burn used to burn a lot something they put on cuts.
040:  Alcohol?
interviewer:  Yeah something that- this was kind of a bluish purplish-
040:  Uh.
interviewer:  Brownish? I'm not sure the exact color.
040:  Iodine?
interviewer:  Yeah. And something you take for malaria? {NW}
040:  Fever?
interviewer:  Yeah something you take for it though.
040:  Oh uh Quinine? Quinine?
interviewer:  Right. And a- a um A person uh uh say uh he was- he was alive uh uh yesterday but he what this morning?
040:  He died?
interviewer:  Yeah.
Aux:  {X}
interviewer:  Um and say them uh any- any uh um Veil terms for this instead of died something you might see in the paper? Well if I was to use the word uh
040:  Tired? Or #1 expired? #
interviewer:  #2 Okay # expired you use that uh {X} {NS}
040:  Yes.
interviewer:  {X}
040:  Uh huh yes or it's tired. {NS}
interviewer:  Um. Anything else that you'd say the person- Might say makes fire here but what would um- So you might say to the uh- Oh something you might say to the
040:  #1 passed away? #
interviewer:  #2 {NS} # Yeah that'd be nice. {NS} Alright. And um say um I don't know what someone is- is they- they don't know the cause of death say I don't know what he died-
040:  Of.
interviewer:  Alright. And a place where a person is buried is a?
040:  Cemetery.
interviewer:  Alright. And a- and the uh- uh box the body's placed in is called a-
040:  Casket.
interviewer:  And the ceremony after death is called a-
040:  Funeral.
interviewer:  And you might say the family is in-
040:  Bereavement.
interviewer:  Yeah another word though. {NS} Sounds something like the early part of the day.
040:  Mourning?
interviewer:  Yeah. Um and would- did that sound the same to you as the part of the day or the same kind of like-
040:  It sound's like it's-
interviewer:  Exactly the same
040:  Mourning. Morning. This morning. I think it sounds pretty much like it.
interviewer:  Okay. And someone says how are you feeling? you don't feel bad you say I feel-
040:  Fine.
interviewer:  Okay. And someone's uh troubled about something you might tell them don't-
040:  Don't worry.
interviewer:  Alright. And a person- an older person- doesn't have to be older person- any person might have weather changes and gets pains in the joints say the person has-
040:  Arthritis.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. Um. {NS} Uh. If a- this is a disease you don't hear much of it any more but a long time ago twenty thirty years ago lot of children died from this and- and effects of this.
040:  Pneumonia?
interviewer:  No it starts with a D.
040:  Diphtheria?
interviewer:  Yeah. And a disease that causes the yellow the uh- uh maybe of the skin a circling of the whites of the eyes. Sometimes called yellow-
040:  Jaundice.
interviewer:  Okay. And you get a pain down the side you might have an operation or {D: you might have an attack of}
040:  Appendicitis.
interviewer:  Right. Person can't keep food down might have to-
040:  Vomit.
interviewer:  Alright. Now are there any crude terms for this?
040:  Throw up. Or um
interviewer:  Alright. And throw up is a- is crude- is- is crude.
040:  Crude for vomit.
interviewer:  For vomit. Um and wh- a person- when a person is that way you might say he is sick- {NS}
040:  Sick to his stomach.
interviewer:  Right. And um catch some news and say he came over what me the news? He came over-
040:  To tell me?
interviewer:  Yeah. And someone says would you- wanna borrow this you'd say well I'd like to borrow but I'd really like to-
040:  Have it.
interviewer:  Yeah okay. Or keep.
040:  #1 To keep it. #
interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Okay. and then you'll take it- If um some- you expect something to happen it doesn't it- you- you're afraid it might not happen you say if that doesn't happen I what be disappointed I-
040:  Will be?
interviewer:  Uh-huh. And if someone comes over you say we- like to see you again in the future we-
040:  #1 {X} #
interviewer:  #2 Well # you're talking about the future you'd say um I'm glad you came uh to visit us and we glad to see you again.
040:  Would like to?
interviewer:  Alright. Yeah but. Not say would but will- um
040:  We will see you again?
interviewer:  Yeah. Um. Would you say I- will you- will be glad to see you again or we shall be glad to see you again? which sounds more-
040:  I'd say we will.
interviewer:  Okay. And if a child's bad you say now if you don't behave yourself I'll spank you you might say I'm going to what and spank you? {NS} Would you ever put anything in- in between? Take and spank you or-
040:  A lot of them will.
interviewer:  Did you-
040:  My husband did that.
interviewer:  You would just say-
040:  I wouldn't-
interviewer:  He would just say what? uh
040:  Uh I'm a take and do so and so.
interviewer:  Okay you'd simply say I'm going to-
040:  I'm going to do it.
interviewer:  I'm going to spank you. Um a young man is going out the door say he is doing what he is- for the America he is-
040:  Leaving?
interviewer:  No. If uh um they're dating you see and there are other words for that for dating you could use that that'd be okay too.
040:  They're going together?
interviewer:  Okay. And uh he is her-
040:  Her fiance is that-
interviewer:  Well before that he just-
040:  Just a boyfriend.
interviewer:  Alright And any- any jocular terms for that? For this term? {NS}
040:  Her fellow.
interviewer:  Alright and she is his-
040:  Girl.
interviewer:  Alright and they're in a uh on a date they uh uh when any t- uh terms for kissing any- any uh um-
040:  Well we use the word smooching here.
interviewer:  Smooching slang for yeah okay. And if um um. He had to propose to her and then she decides she doesn't want to marry him you might say she did what she-
040:  Reneged?
interviewer:  #1 Okay #
040:  #2 Or uh # backed out.
interviewer:  Alright. And but she didn't they- they went ahead and got-
040:  Married?
interviewer:  And the man at the wedding who stands up with the groom is the-
040:  Best man.
interviewer:  And the- with the bride is the-
040:  Maid of honor or maiden.
interviewer:  Yeah or bride's-
040:  Maid.
interviewer:  Bride's maid. Uh. Do you- what about- do you ever- ever have a- a kind of noisy serenade after a wedding? Uh kind of a- um
040:  Um.
interviewer:  Or just the celebration after the ce- after a uh wedding's been {X} {NS}
040:  The reception is that
interviewer:  #1 Yeah- #
040:  #2 what you're- #
interviewer:  Well the- the old- old term I don't know if it has any {D: presence} around here is the word chivalry.
040:  #1 No we don't use that- its {D: now} #
interviewer:  #2 Chivalry- alright. # Um.
040:  We were playing bingo the other night nobody knew what it was.
interviewer:  Is that right?
040:  So.
interviewer:  If uh- uh you're talking about someone uh if you're talking about yourself- being in Knoxville you might say I was-
040:  Was in Knoxville.
interviewer:  But if you're going to talk about it in terms of direction you might say I was- Think. Uh just yesterday I was-
040:  Going? Or went?
interviewer:  Alright I went what to Knoxville you might say I went to Knoxville or you might say I went- {NW}
040:  I went up to Knoxville.
interviewer:  #1 Yeah #
040:  #2 Is that- #
interviewer:  I- I went up to Knoxville would you ever say I was up to Knoxville yesterday or I was up in Knoxville yesterday?
040:  I was up in Knoxville yesterday-
interviewer:  Or how bout uh uh How bout down wh- does up mean north or does it mean that {X}
040:  It means north.
interviewer:  And how bout if you say Chattanooga you'd say-
040:  You'd go down.
interviewer:  Alright. And talk about someone living nearby um say {B} house say well he lives-
040:  Over there.
interviewer:  Uh-huh. And talking about all the people at a dance you might say there was a- uh- uh this is a- a kind of depreciative term. You might say the whole what was there the whole-
040:  The whole gang?
interviewer:  Alright. And the m- music plays you get out on the floor and-
040:  And dance?
interviewer:  Alright. Would you have any special name for a kind of big formal dance uh kind of a-
040:  A ball.
interviewer:  Alright. And at four o'clock in the afternoon or three o'clock or three fifteen school
040:  Is out?
interviewer:  Alright. And uh in the Fall they might ask- someone might call up and ask when does school-
040:  Start or begin.
interviewer:  Okay. And a boy doesn't attend one class you might say- you might say he did what class he-
040:  Um played hooky.
interviewer:  Alright. Now that'll be for one- just one class or is that for the whole day?
040:  Well it's more referred to for one day.
interviewer:  Alright.
040:  He'd skip class.
interviewer:  Alright. And when he does that {X} He's- he's uh depriving himself of a good-
040:  Grade.
interviewer:  And?
040:  Or mark.
interviewer:  Yeah but in all {X} The board of-
040:  Education.
interviewer:  Yeah. And a person goes on from high school might go on to-
040:  College.
interviewer:  And when a person gets out of kindergarten he might go into-
040:  Grade school.
interviewer:  Yeah what's the- the-
040:  Elementary?
interviewer:  And what do you call that uh first year?
040:  Grammar?
interviewer:  #1 Third year is grammar school. #
040:  #2 No first- # First grade.
interviewer:  Okay. And this is a what? {NW}
040:  A desk.
interviewer:  And two of them would be two-
040:  Desks.
interviewer:  Alright. And the place where you get books is a-
040:  Bookstore.
interviewer:  Yeah well you got any partic-
040:  Library.
interviewer:  Alright and a place where you mail a letter?
040:  The post office.
interviewer:  A place you might stay overnight in a strange town?
040:  Be a motel? Or a hotel.
interviewer:  Uh or a what?
040:  A hotel.
interviewer:  Right. And a place you might see a- a- a movie.
040:  Theater.
interviewer:  Alright and a place you might go for an operation.
040:  Hospital.
interviewer:  And in the hospital there are doctor- there's a doctor and a-
040:  Nurse.
interviewer:  And a place you would get on a train is a-
040:  Depot.
interviewer:  And in a town- I don't know if you have one of these in uh- in Sweetwater but its kind of a- Sometimes they have a- where they have a- a uh- some um uh uh a lawn in the middle of the the town you know?
040:  Little park?
interviewer:  Yeah. Okay you don't have any kind of a- of a- of a village greenery do you?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Um how bout when you're walking across an intersection not straight across but you walk over-
040:  Jay walk.
interviewer:  Okay. Yeah that would be- that'd be the- the legal term but I wanted exactly- you ever term such as uh- If you're talking about the direction- something not being-
040:  Catty cornered.
interviewer:  That's it that's it. And they- they don't have these anymore but they used to have- now they have these little buses in cities where one time they had a lot of-
040:  Uh streetcars?
interviewer:  Sure. And if you're on a streetcar or a bus you might tell the driver I want at the next corner I want-
040:  Off.
interviewer:  Alright. And in relation to um um uh to this um this county Madisonville is the-
040:  County seat.
interviewer:  Alright. And that is the- and that is the- the- the seat of the county-
040:  Offices #1 or- #
interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Or- or what's the- he- he works- you might say he works for the post office
040:  #1 Courthouse. #
interviewer:  #2 he works for the # federal-
040:  Government?
interviewer:  Yeah. And the police department is- is uh kept to maintain-
040:  Law and order.
interviewer:  Right. And in eighteen- that war in eighteen s- Between eighteen sixty-one and eighteen sixty-five was the- Well the war you know the Union and Confederacy.
040:  Oh the Civil War.
interviewer:  Alright. Yeah I don't wanna snake you up here on
040:  {NW}
interviewer:  exact days. Um they uh uh th- when a person is executed by- uh with a rope you know you'd say the murderer was-
040:  Was hung.
interviewer:  Alright. And uh if a person um uh He- and- so you might say well a person who committed suicide you might say he what himself? He
040:  Killed himself?
interviewer:  Yeah but with a rope- with this word hang. You'd say he- Would you say he hung himself or he-
040:  Well we- we would say he hung himself.
interviewer:  #1 Alright. #
040:  #2 That would # be hanged.
interviewer:  Okay.
040:  {X}
interviewer:  New York City's- we'll get some geography. New- New York- New York City is where? This is strictly for pronunciation base by the way it's not a-
040:  In New York is that what you-
interviewer:  Yeah you'd call it New York-
040:  New York.
interviewer:  Yeah.
040:  State.
interviewer:  Alright and Baltimore is in-
040:  Maryland.
interviewer:  And Richmond?
040:  Virginia.
interviewer:  And uh Asheville?
040:  North Carolina.
interviewer:  And Greensville?
040:  South Carolina.
interviewer:  And Atlanta?
040:  Georgia.
interviewer:  Tampa?
040:  Florida.
interviewer:  Uh Birmingham?
040:  Alabama.
interviewer:  New Orleans.
040:  Louisiana.
interviewer:  Uh Louisville?
040:  Kentucky.
interviewer:  Right now you're in-
040:  Tennessee.
interviewer:  And St. Louis?
040:  Missouri.
interviewer:  Little Rock?
040:  Arkansas.
interviewer:  Um Jackson?
040:  Mississippi.
interviewer:  And- and Dallas?
040:  Texas.
interviewer:  And Stillwater? Or- or I can't- I just- I was trying to think of one that- Tulsa.
040:  Oklahoma.
interviewer:  Okay. Uh and the big- biggest city in Maryland is?
040:  Baltimore?
interviewer:  Right and the- and the seat of the federal government is
040:  Washington.
interviewer:  #1 {X} #
040:  #2 D.C. # Washington DC.
interviewer:  Alright and the big city in Missouri is-
040:  St. Louis?
interviewer:  And the- the port in South Carolina. An old city-
040:  Charleston?
interviewer:  Yeah. And the steel They- they worked in uh iron works and so forth in uh in Alabama? {X}.
040:  Uh Birmingham.
interviewer:  Right and the big city in Illinois?
040:  Chicago.
interviewer:  And the city in the- just the capital of Alabama is- It was once the capital of the Confederacy it's a- it's a- the state capital.
040:  Um Anniston?
interviewer:  #1 No it's- #
040:  #2 No. #
interviewer:  No it's south of there. Dinah Shore's husband- ex-husband had that- that
040:  #1 No. #
interviewer:  #2 was his last name. # And also the girl in Bewitched her name was- What's her last name?
040:  I don't know.
interviewer:  #1 Alright. #
040:  #2 {NW} #
interviewer:  Mont-
040:  Montgomery?
interviewer:  Yeah. And the- and the- the port in Alabama the old city down there {X} Got it all to Mexico. {NS}
040:  I don't know.
interviewer:  Well there's a- there's a mobile oil company that the city's called-
040:  Mobile Alabama?
interviewer:  Yeah. And the city in North Carolina in the mountains?
040:  Asheville?
interviewer:  Yeah and the city in- in uh University of Tennessee's up at-
040:  Knoxville.
interviewer:  And the city way over on the Mississippi River in Tennessee is-
040:  Memphis?
interviewer:  Yeah and right. The capital of- of Tennessee.
040:  Is Nashville.
interviewer:  And the big city in- the biggest city in uh Georgia?
040:  Atlanta?
interviewer:  And the- this city's something like Charleston but on the- on the coast there.
040:  Charlotte?
interviewer:  In- in uh Georgia. {NS} Old city.
040:  Savannah?
interviewer:  Yeah. And the- the city in Georgia where Fort Benning is {X}
040:  Uh {X} {NS}
interviewer:  Starts with a C. {NS}
040:  I don't know-
interviewer:  The city in Ohio has the same name. Co- Starts with COL.
040:  It's not Calhoun is it?
interviewer:  No that's- no that's not- uh COL uh UM.
040:  Columbus?
interviewer:  Yeah yeah. What was that say it again? That's right.
040:  Columbus.
interviewer:  Yeah and then there's another city in- in- in Georgia that starts with an M. Forever this darn city.
040:  Macon.
interviewer:  Yeah. And the biggest city in- in Louisiana?
040:  New Orleans?
interviewer:  Alright and then the- the- the cappest- the capital of uh Louisiana is? {X}
040:  Uh.
interviewer:  Baton-
040:  Baton Rouge?
interviewer:  Yeah. And the city in- in Ohio down on the river. The baseball team {X}
040:  Well-
interviewer:  Not Cleveland but Cin-
040:  Cincinnati.
interviewer:  Sure. And the- and the uh big city in Kentucky big city in Kentucky is-
040:  Louisville?
interviewer:  Right. And if you're talking about the distance from here to here from- from one place to another you might might talk a little about- or say- might ask you how far is it from here to Athens you could say oh its
040:  Fifteen miles?
interviewer:  Um say that word?
040:  Fifteen miles.
interviewer:  Alright. And if you're not sure you want to do something you might say I don't know I want to do that or not. I don't know whether I want to or #1 Alright. #
040:  #2 not. #
interviewer:  And someone had been sick for a long long time time you'd say why it seemed like-
040:  Forever?
interviewer:  Yeah. Or it seems like- someone who's sick and say it seems like- It's- well how do I get it- Would you say it seems like you'll never pull through or it seems as if you'll never pull through?
040:  We'd probably say seems like he'll heal.
interviewer:  And if you refuse to go someplace by- unless the other person goes also you might say I won't go what?
040:  Unless.
interviewer:  Unless he goes too. And say he had a chan- a choice of doing two things but he did that-
040:  Rather than this.
interviewer:  Alright. Helping me. Say he- You could have done this but you did that.
040:  Instead of?
interviewer:  Sure. Um. You say- I say why do you like him you say he's so funny is the answer, I like him
040:  Because.
interviewer:  Alright. Um and if you refuse to go by yourself say I uh uh I won't uh uh uh-
040:  Will by myself?
interviewer:  Alright.
040:  {X}
interviewer:  And the um um uh what's the largest denomination of church in the South? {NS}
040:  Southern Baptist.
interviewer:  Okay. And a person comes into town and comes uh- says- says- decides he- One Sunday he and his family went down and did what they-
040:  Joined.
interviewer:  The what?
040:  The Baptist.
interviewer:  #1 {X} #
040:  #2 Church or #
interviewer:  Alright. And the name of the supreme being is-
040:  God.
interviewer:  Yeah. And in an oath a person might say my
040:  God.
interviewer:  Yeah and the minister preached a-
040:  Sermon.
interviewer:  And the organ played-
040:  Music.
interviewer:  Alright. And then there's a song oh what a what kind of morning? Oh what a-
040:  Wonderful?
interviewer:  Alright what's another word like wonderful this is sort of a- this isn't a church song being used uh Just the- the song from Oklahoma oh what a-
040:  Beautiful?
interviewer:  Yeah. And uh what'd you um. What is a- a ballad? A ballad.
040:  {NS} B-A-L-L-E-T?
interviewer:  No B-A-L-L-A-D.
040:  #1 Oh #
interviewer:  #2 {NS} #
040:  #1 Uh it's a song. #
interviewer:  #2 {NS} # #1 Okay. #
040:  #2 Or- #
interviewer:  You ever use that for a hymn?
040:  No. Not now we don't.
interviewer:  And- you haven't answered the phone?
040:  No that's the fire-
interviewer:  If- if the um um car broke down on your way to church you'd say church will be over if this thing fixed.
040:  Church will be over before I get there?
interviewer:  Yeah okay or by the time or before. Um And the name for the- the uh {D: prophinder} of Hell is-
040:  The beggar?
interviewer:  Alright. And a pers- and something- Wrecked old house in town which people are- are afraid- the kids are afraid to go in they say what's supposed to be in that house?
040:  Uh. Spooks or-
interviewer:  Okay. Or what?
040:  Or haunted house?
interviewer:  Alright. And you'd say I'll go if you insist {NS} but I'd really what not I'd really-
040:  Rather not.
interviewer:  Okay. {NS} Um if um Jack- you don't wear a sweater today because it's what cold it's-
040:  It's cool?
interviewer:  Alright if you just say it's kinda cold or forever cold or-
040:  It's kinda cold.
interviewer:  Alright. And if um a person uh uh uh you're very happy to see a person and you haven't seen 'em for long and you say well I'm-
040:  Glad.
interviewer:  Alright. But uh wh- wh- wh- especially glad say I'm- {NS}
040:  I'm so glad?
interviewer:  Okay. And a person owns- here- here we talk about this word from last night but- The person owning- Talk about land he- doesn't own just a few acres say he owns a what of land?
040:  A farm?
interviewer:  Alright it's a very large farm so you might say he owns a- {NS}
040:  A ranch?
interviewer:  #1 Yeah #
040:  #2 {X} #
interviewer:  No what I'm talking about- you might say if it has a field and a lot of land it would {D: be a ranch}.
040:  Oh yeah a lot of land but-
interviewer:  Did you ever use the term right smart there?
040:  No right smart doesn't mean that much. {NW}
interviewer:  Okay. Right smart isn't- it's just uh- Okay now that's interesting what is- what-
040:  Right smart is less than a lot to me.
interviewer:  Okay good now that's interesting you mean it's- it's- it's a- it's a considerable amount but it isn't a- {NS} really a whole lot.
040:  {D: No sir.)
interviewer:  {X} {NS} Can I said- you- you uh uh if something uh isn't greatly different from something else you'd say it's not the same it's really a- different It's a-
040:  It's greatly different
interviewer:  No this
040:  #1 {X} #
interviewer:  #2 say it's just a- #
040:  Similar.
interviewer:  Yeah it's just a few little-
040:  It's slight. Slight difference.
interviewer:  Okay. And someone says uh will you be able to do this and you say yes I-
040:  I sure will.
interviewer:  Alright. And um um if something isn't you'd say um talking about recipe you'd say don't put on much {X}
040:  Uh. A little bit or uh- If you're talking about a salt you use a pinch of salt.
interviewer:  Okay. Now if you're talking about someone dreading a place you know you'd say he what- you got to put a word in between.
040:  He really dreads it.
interviewer:  Okay. And if you're talking about it's to be cold weather you'd say it's- today it's cold it's-
040:  It's terribly cold.
interviewer:  Uh-huh.
040:  Or awfully cold.
interviewer:  Alright. Um would you ever use real or really there?
040:  It's really cold-
interviewer:  And how bout good if something- say that's-
040:  That's real good.
interviewer:  Okay. And do you ever use the expression real to meaning something like oh talk about hunting dogs you know and someone might say look at that those are real dog-
040:  Real dogs uh-huh.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. And then uh uh under what- would you ever use the expression uh the idea? Why the idea?
040:  Yes. The very idea of that.
interviewer:  Okay. And how would you um- {D: Did you- with your son-} With a close friend how much you- you uh you you say hello to a close- you might hello or hi or uh what else might you say?
040:  #1 Uh. #
interviewer:  #2 How- # Starting out with something that starts out with how-
040:  Oh howdy?
interviewer:  Yeah or how are-
040:  How are ya?
interviewer:  Alright. And how bout with strangers when someone introduces you to someone you might shake hands and then say how-
040:  How do you do?
interviewer:  Right. And if someone is uh you- you want someone to- to return you might say come-
040:  Come back.
interviewer:  Or come- alright or-
040:  Come again.
interviewer:  Yeah well I wanted both of those and on December twenty-five the usual greeting is?
040:  Merry Christmas.
interviewer:  And then January first?
040:  Happy new year.
interviewer:  Do you know the term Christmas gift? In relation to Christmas as a greeting? {NS}
040:  Uh yes a lot of times when we go visit somebody around Christmas and it's uh an unex-
interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
040:  #2 -pected gift #
interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
040:  #2 Uh. # visit we'll say Christmas gift.
interviewer:  Okay. And if someone does you a favor you might say that they are on much-
040:  Obliged.
interviewer:  Alright. And I say we have time to do it but you're not certain but you say well I-
040:  I think so.
interviewer:  Alright. And you um you're gonna buy- you go buy food you go down to- to what down to the-
040:  To the store.
interviewer:  What kind of store? To buy food?
040:  Uh.
interviewer:  Not necessarily-
040:  A grocery store.
interviewer:  Sure. And you say uh tomorrow I'm not going to go to work I'm going to go downtown I have to do some-
040:  Shopping.
interviewer:  And you buy something at the store- you bought something at the store and the- and the- the clerk uh-
040:  Wraps it.
interviewer:  Okay. Yesterday he-
040:  He wrapped it.
interviewer:  And you took it home there and you-
040:  Unwrapped it.
interviewer:  And you bought something- you got a real bargain on it because he had to sell it at a-
040:  At a loss?
interviewer:  Sure. And say I was worried about him {NS} after what he went through?
040:  The cost.
interviewer:  Alright. Uh. {NS} Um. If um on the first of the month the bill is-
040:  It's due?
interviewer:  Yeah and you belong to a club you have to pay your-
040:  Dues.
interviewer:  And if you don't have enough you might have to go to the bank and-
040:  Borrow.
interviewer:  And- uh in the thirties uh now {X} now money is awfully-
040:  Scarce?
interviewer:  Yeah. And uh a little boy gets up on a toy in the water he gets and he-
040:  Dives.
interviewer:  Yeah yesterday he-
040:  Dove.
interviewer:  And then he dives he has-
040:  Dived.
interviewer:  And if he lands flat on his stomach on the water-
040:  That's a belly-buster.
interviewer:  Okay. And uh he jumped in the water and then he all the way across.
040:  He swam.
interviewer:  Okay yesterday he went- he had this-
040:  He had swum?
interviewer:  Yeah.
040:  Is that r- I don't know-
interviewer:  He likes to-
040:  Swim.
interviewer:  Okay. Any other name for a- a bonus or a gift when a purchase is made or a bill is paid something that you- they might give you at the- at the uh- uh they might throw in something extra. {NS} I'da guessed bo-
040:  Bonus I guess we- what we would call it.
interviewer:  And someone went down for the third time you say he was-
040:  Drowning?
interviewer:  Alright. Uh. Yesterday he-
040:  He drowned?
interviewer:  And several children have-
040:  Drowned.
interviewer:  Alright and a baby on all fours is
040:  Is crawling.
interviewer:  Alright. And uh a little boy up a tree he-
040:  He climbs.
interviewer:  Yesterday he-
040:  Climbed.
interviewer:  And many times he has-
040:  He has climbed but now a lot of people-
interviewer:  Now we talked about- the last list we talked about uh {NS} flying and then uh I said that in- she what down in- she what down and prayed? She-
040:  She kneeled.
interviewer:  Alright and I'm going to what down for a while I'm tired.
040:  Lay down.
interviewer:  And uh he what in bed all day he-
040:  He stayed in bed and laid in bed.
interviewer:  Alright and I- Last night I had a bad-
040:  Dream.
interviewer:  And I- it seemed like I what all night I-
040:  I dreamed. {NS}
interviewer:  And I have-
040:  I have dreamed or dreamt.
interviewer:  Okay. Now what were we {X}
040:  {X}
interviewer:  {X}
040:  Stomp.
interviewer:  And after a dance one might say I- may I-
040:  Take.
interviewer:  The whole thing {X}
040:  Take you home.
interviewer:  Alright and you this on a rope?
040:  You pull.
interviewer:  And you-
040:  Push.
interviewer:  And a heavy bag you?
040:  Tote.
interviewer:  And say um uh tell a child don't-
040:  Touch.
interviewer:  Um. And please- {NS} a knife in the other room please-
040:  Get.
interviewer:  Alright. Um. And the- the line in the game that you run across is the-
040:  The goal line.
interviewer:  And the- and the game of- uh I-
040:  The base.
interviewer:  Okay. And you say I don't know much about fish I have never-
040:  Caught.
interviewer:  Um. Maybe tomorrow I will-
040:  Catch.
interviewer:  Alright. Um. My neighbor yesterday-
040:  Caught. {NS}
interviewer:  Take your time I'll wait
040:  For you?
interviewer:  Uh. And a child's been bad it might plead with you he's afraid he might get a spank it might say please please what me another what?
040:  Give me another chance?
interviewer:  Yeah. And a person who's in a- in a- in- in pleasant spirits you might say that person in a good- {NS} Another word-
040:  Good friend of mine.
interviewer:  Yeah {X} or good-natured but how bout another word you might use? {NS} Well another word for s- for common.
040:  #1 Uh. #
interviewer:  #2 Hu- #
040:  Humorous?
interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
040:  #2 Or- #
interviewer:  Sure. And say I- I had to get some- we had to get some um- some uh-
040:  Well I thought we say he's a monkey.
interviewer:  Okay for someone who's-
040:  Cutting up a lot.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. If you're- you want to um uh say we have to get some- some uh rat poisoning or- or uh if someone really wanted to what those rats- they wanted to get-
040:  Get rid of them.
interviewer:  Alright. Say he doesn't know everything but he what he knew it all he-
040:  He thought he did.
interviewer:  Alright. And a child in school might say- if his pencil is missing he might say who what my pencil? Who-
040:  Who stole my pencil.
interviewer:  Alright. And say um- uh- it's been a long time but I seeing him here before I-
040:  I remember.
interviewer:  Uh-huh and if you don't you say I don't-
040:  I don't remember.
interviewer:  And say did you what that letter did you-
040:  Did you write it?
interviewer:  And you'd say yes I-
040:  Wrote it.
interviewer:  I have-
040:  Written.
interviewer:  Alright and now I expect a- a- the person I've written to now I expect a-
040:  Reply?
interviewer:  Or a-
040:  #1 Answer. #
interviewer:  #2 {X} # Yeah. And you um um uh {NS} What do you put- you put the name and what on your letter?
040:  Address.
interviewer:  Alright. And you might ask someone what is his-
040:  Address.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. A chi- a child- your children comes home with- doing something strange you might say who one earth-
040:  Taught you that.
interviewer:  Yeah. Um. And if you haven't done something yet but you- you uh have it in- in your mind so we haven't done that yet but we- but we what to do it soon? We-
040:  Intend?
interviewer:  Alright. Uh say I'm not sure um uh uh you don't really care one way or the another if a person does something you might say I don't care if you can- You can do that if-
040:  If you want to?
interviewer:  Sure. And a children's nicknames for one who bears tails.
040:  Paddletail.
interviewer:  Alright. You might plot a garden with what something and put them in a vase you might go out and-
040:  Pick.
interviewer:  Pick some-
040:  Flowers.
interviewer:  Alright. And- and something that a child might play with on the floor.
040:  Toy.
interviewer:  Alright. And if something- you've been warning a child not to do something and the child goes ahead and does it anyway you say {X} and he falls down and hurts himself you say I just-
040:  I told you so.
interviewer:  Uh-huh was gonna happen I- what was going to happen?
040:  I knew.
interviewer:  Yeah. Um. Uh. If um um {NS} if someone has something and then person does what to you-
040:  Gives it.
interviewer:  Alright yesterday he-
040:  Gave.
interviewer:  And he has-
040:  Given.
interviewer:  And uh at- you might ask someone what time does the race-
040:  Start.
interviewer:  #1 Or- #
040:  #2 Or begin. #
interviewer:  Alright. Take it again Yesterday it-
040:  Began.
interviewer:  And it has always-
040:  Begun.
interviewer:  And w- and a race- on a foot race you say we'll what race?
040:  We ran.
interviewer:  Alright. {NS} Tomorrow they will-
040:  Run.
interviewer:  And they have-
040:  Run.
interviewer:  Um and um say that uh that old friend of mine uh over to see me yesterday. She- {NS} to see me.
040:  She came?
interviewer:  Yeah. And she has-
040:  Come.
interviewer:  And she will-
040:  Come.
interviewer:  Alright. {NS} Yeah about almost ev- ev- once a week she-
040:  Comes.
interviewer:  Okay. And I- Did you
040:  See.
interviewer:  You say yes I-
040:  Saw.
interviewer:  I have-
040:  Seen.
interviewer:  Alright. Uh and the- we have to take a detour because the road was all- {NS}
040:  Torn up?
interviewer:  Yeah. And so- uh Someone's gives you a present at a bracelet and um uh you say thank you a person might say I'm going to-
040:  Wear it?
interviewer:  Say put-
040:  Put it on?
interviewer:  Yeah. Um. Say uh talking about someone doing something you'd say well he has that before he has-
040:  Done.
interviewer:  He that all the time.
040:  He does.
interviewer:  And he- yesterday he-
040:  Did.
interviewer:  And I say what's new and you'd say-
040:  Nothing.
interviewer:  And I'd say oh there must be-
040:  Something.
interviewer:  You say I think I'll take a walk today if it what a nice day it's-
040:  Mighty nice day?
interviewer:  Yeah okay that's- that's good for another one but but it's um uh a bad boy say he's what a bad boy-
040:  He's a- He's a real bad boy.
interviewer:  No a s- Would you ever use
040:  Such?
interviewer:  Yeah. Um. And the uh {NS} If someone does something all the time you might say oh he what that he- {X}
040:  Went?
aux:  Hey {D: it's none of y'all's business.} Y'all should-
040:  Okay.
interviewer:  You- you might say he- he doesn't do that occasionally you'd say- you might say oh he oft-
040:  Does it all the time?
interviewer:  Or he alwa-
040:  He always um-
interviewer:  Okay and that's- that's the idea and- say a person move here in nineteen sixty-five or something you said oh he's lived here ever-
040:  Ever since?
interviewer:  Yeah. And if someone didn't do something um um uh accidentally you'd say that was no accident he did that-
040:  On purpose.
interviewer:  Alright. And if uh you're not sure but you say well I- something something happened you say well I- I'm not sure but I- I really-
040:  Think so?
interviewer:  Yeah. Um. {NS} Um. You say I'm going to have to what that question I'm going to have to-
040:  Ask?
interviewer:  Yeah and then yesterday I-
040:  Ask.
interviewer:  And I- many times that I have-
040:  Asked.
interviewer:  And those little boys they what all the time those two little boys can't keep 'em apart they always-
040:  They're always fighting?
interviewer:  Yesterday they-
040:  Fought.
interviewer:  And many times they have-
040:  Fought.
interviewer:  Alright and he what the wild hog with a large knife?
040:  He stuck.
interviewer:  Alright. Do you have any special names for a large knife? What might you call a-
040:  A butcher knife.
interviewer:  Alright that'd- and- and if he stuck it in the hog and then he- it out he- {NS}
040:  Pulled it out?
interviewer:  Yeah okay how bout a form with draw?
040:  He drew it out?
interviewer:  Alright. And if they lift something way up in the air you'd say what that they had to-
040:  Raise it.
interviewer:  Okay how bout the term- you ever use the term hoist or heist for something uh-
040:  Well we use hoist.
interviewer:  Okay-
040:  To hoist up heavy objects.
interviewer:  You cut something into two parts you say I'm gonna cut that- {NS}
040:  In two.
interviewer:  Okay. And someone's always talking you might say don't pay-
040:  Any attention?
interviewer:  Okay. And {X} and say seizing someone else and then after first 'til that's alright he didn't-
040:  Didn't mean it.
interviewer:  Would- would you ever use something like- {D:Dad you're bothering} {NS} Say well at least we didn't uh-
040:  Doesn't bother me?
interviewer:  Sure.
040:  Uh-huh.
interviewer:  Um. And when we uh uh someone says something about a- a woman say you better be careful with that woman cause she'll what- She'll who what you out of everything she'll-
040:  Beat you.
interviewer:  Yeah. Well I'm thinking of a term like flatter or sweeten up or sweet talk.
040:  Sweet talk.
interviewer:  Okay. And if you- um waiting for the bell in school a child- the teacher say now listen-
040:  Carefully?
interviewer:  The bell listen-
040:  For the bell?
interviewer:  Alright. And when a child might be- be hiding down behind a piece of furniture and suddenly jump up and what would the child say?
040:  Boo.
interviewer:  Okay. And you might- and someone jumps you say hey you needn't be so-
040:  Scared?
interviewer:  Alright {D: what else?}
040:  Surprised?
interviewer:  Yeah. And um say uh you need a- a- a- I think you'd use this uh- for instance I got- for instance you have an oil and- and if you have an oil can or something you say oh yes I've got- {X} You would say I got-
040:  Some.
interviewer:  Alright. Um. Say I'll do this {X} say I'd rather do this I- rat I'd rather do this-
040:  Than that.
interviewer:  Alright. And how bout if you're gonna- {X} you want to- saw that one person bring another person you'd say I- I'll-
040:  I'll introduce you?
interviewer:  Yeah. Do you ever use the term or know the term Napa Valley does that phrase mean-
040:  No.
interviewer:  Meaning to introduce that isn't familiar at all.
040:  Uh-uh.
interviewer:  No. Someone gives you a whole bunch of reasons for doing something and you say um uh okay I've heard all of that. But despite everything you've said- you might say despite everything you've said I s- won't do it. I-
040:  I still won't do it.`
interviewer:  Okay. Now that- there are just a couple of- of little things here alright we'll get done in- in plenty of time. First is count slowly up to fourteen.
040:  One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Eleven. Twelve. Thirteen. Fourteen.
interviewer:  The number after nineteen?
040:  Twenty.
interviewer:  After twenty-six?
040:  Twenty-seven.
interviewer:  After twenty-nine?
040:  Thirty.
interviewer:  After thirty-nine?
040:  Forty.
interviewer:  After seventy-nine- sixty-nine
040:  Seventy.
interviewer:  After ninety-nine?
040:  One hundred.
interviewer:  After nine hundred and ninety-nine?
040:  One thousand.
interviewer:  And then the next largest number is uh- after a thousand is uh
040:  A million?
interviewer:  Yeah. And if there are- there are eleven men walking along the line you say the last man was the eleventh man who's in front of him?
040:  The tenth.
interviewer:  And then the-
040:  Ninth.
interviewer:  And put man on them too so the ninth man and the-
040:  Eighth man. {NS} Seventh man. {NS} Sixth man. Fifth man. Fourth man. Third man. Second man. And first man.
interviewer:  Okay something happens suddenly you might say it happened suddenly or you might say it happened- all-
040:  All of a sudden?
interviewer:  Okay. And if something is two times as big as something else you might say it's-
040:  It's twice as big.
interviewer:  And the months of the year are-
040:  January. February. March. April. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. And December.
interviewer:  Okay. And the days of the week.
040:  Sunday. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Friday. Saturday. And Sunday.
interviewer:  Okay. Uh how would you greet a person at say ten A-M? {NS}
040:  Uh- It's ten A-M?
interviewer:  Yeah and you- how'd you greet a a person- you see a person in the str-
040:  Oh good morning.
interviewer:  Alright. And how late would you use that?
040:  Til twelve o'clock.
interviewer:  Alright. And um what would you call- what- what part of your- what do you call the part of the day right now say it's four-thirty what do you call this part of the day?
040:  Afternoon.
interviewer:  Um. Would you ever call it anything else? {NS}
040:  Good evening?
interviewer:  Would you ever use evening this time of day?
040:  I wouldn't.
interviewer:  #1 {X} #
040:  #2 But some would. #
interviewer:  How early might they use it?
040:  I would say after six would be-
interviewer:  You would use it after six but they might use it anytime in the #1 afternoon? #
040:  #2 Uh-huh. #
interviewer:  What about a general- a general expression instead of- not having a reference to part of you know the time you might just- when you meet somebody you might say good-
040:  Good day.
interviewer:  Okay. And uh how late does evening last?
040:  Well I would say {NS} 'fore twelve midnight.
interviewer:  Okay. Um. And have you ever used the expression goodnight in meeting someone?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Only {NS} in parting.
040:  In parting.
interviewer:  Okay. And say we got- we got up very early say we started to work before- {NS}
040:  Day break.
interviewer:  Alright or sun-
040:  Sun up.
interviewer:  And we work- and we work until dark then we work until-
040:  Sundown.
interviewer:  Alright and the sun at six A-M you'd say the sun-
040:  Rose.
interviewer:  And I uh if yesterday it at six- six to ten. It has- I-
040:  #1 Risen? #
interviewer:  #2 {X} # Alright and it will-
040:  Rise.
interviewer:  Alright. {NS} And say we work from sunrise until sun-
040:  Set.
interviewer:  Say the whole thing.
040:  Sunset.
interviewer:  And if uh Thursday is today um uh uh Wednesday was-
040:  Yesterday.
interviewer:  And Friday will be-
040:  Tomorrow.
interviewer:  If someone- someone- some- you say he won't be here um this Friday but he'll be here
040:  Next Friday.
interviewer:  Okay. Do you ever use the term week in that expression?
040:  Now that would be a week from Friday or uh Friday week.
interviewer:  But that's in the future?
040:  Uh-huh.
interviewer:  Do you ever use it in the past? {X}
040:  I would refer to it in the future.
interviewer:  Right. Okay. how bout a two week period term do you have any special terms for that?
040:  {D: Cinematé} is that-
interviewer:  Okay. {NS}
040:  He'll be here tomorrow. {NS}
interviewer:  What is that?
040:  That was our big tractor could be the {D: grater}.
interviewer:  Uh. Have you thought about saying fortnight you ever use that at all?
040:  No.
interviewer:  Okay. Um if you want to know the time you might ask someone-
040:  What time is it?
interviewer:  Alright. And on my wrist I have a-
040:  Watch.
interviewer:  And what time was it about five minutes ago?
040:  Four-thirty?
interviewer:  Alright and then in about ten minutes it will be-
040:  Four forty-five.
interviewer:  Okay. Do you ever use any other expressions?
040:  Quarter 'til.
interviewer:  Okay. And um say it hasn't been raining for quite-
040:  Some time.
interviewer:  Alright. Uh in nineteen sixty-nine now that seventy is last year nineteen seventy-one is-
040:  This year.
interviewer:  Alright. Um. A little boy is three you'd say he is three-
040:  Years old.
interviewer:  Alright now something happened on June tenth nineteen seventy you'd say that happened just-
040:  Last year.
interviewer:  Or exactly to this day you'd say that happened just a-
040:  A year ago today.
interviewer:  Right. And if you're talking about the weather today apart from the fact that it's kinda hot you might say it's what kind of day it's a-
040:  Nice day.
interviewer:  Alright. And if there's no sunshine at all you'd say it was what kind of day?
040:  A dreary day.
interviewer:  Alright. And if the weather- if rain or snow is expected you might say the weather is- {NS}
040:  Inclement weather?
interviewer:  Yeah or the weather is- if you have {D: tons of rain}- {NS}
040:  It's going to get worse?
interviewer:  Yeah. Well I was thinking- well I was thinking either breaking or changing or-
040:  Changing.
interviewer:  Alright. And all of lightnings up in the sky a little bit a-
040:  Clouds?
interviewer:  Okay. {NS} And that was it. I rea-