105: Make it in a a pan for either uh muffins or corn sticks or corn corn bread. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh and you just answered the next thing. Do you uh have you ever had the kind that doesn't have anything in it except cornmeal salt and water? 105: Yes I had some of it not too long ago and I ca- didn't like it so I didn't eat it I just it was she made some because she couldn't use any shortening she wasn't supposed to have any grease Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: and it just crumbles up it just doesn't stay right. {NW} Interviewer: Um are there any kinds that might be cooked in ashes? 105: Um you mean corn bread? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 105: Well it could be if it's cooked in a pan it might could be fried what you might say it like that. #1 Used to # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 105: put 'em on {NS} #1 hot coals and let it and then turn it and keep it turning until it cooks. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: {NW} Interviewer: Uh what kind is about an inch thick very large and round that you might cook in a skillet? 105: {NW} It's about an inch thick? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: And large and might what? Interviewer: Might cook it in a skillet. 105: {NW} Well uh Interviewer: What would you call that? 105: Just cornbread is all. Interviewer: Okay. Um then there's the kind that's small and kinda shaped like this that has maybe onion or pepper. And you fry them in grease and eat 'em with fish. 105: #1 Uh those are hush puppies. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 # 105: #1 Couple of onion in 'em too. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh oh yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # That what you had for lunch she was saying she had fish for lunch. 105: No we didn't have any hush #1 puppies. # Interviewer: #2 Mm I love 'em. # 105: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Uh. 105: {NW} Interviewer: There are two kinds of bread there's homemade bread and the kind that you buy at the store called 105: bakery. Interviewer: Okay. What is fried in deep fat that has a hole in the middle? 105: Doughnuts. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um if you take a lump of doughnut dough and dip it with a spoon without making any hole in it do you have a name for it? You just take the dough and put it in without making the hole. 105: Well uh if it's doughnut dough it'd still be a doughnut without a hole in it. {NS} Interviewer: Um suppose that you make up a batter and fry three or four of these at once and eat them with syrup and butter. #1 What would you call? # 105: #2 That's a hotcake. # Interviewer: Okay. 105: #1 Pancakes. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 105: #1 Flapjacks whatever the # Interviewer: #2 If you yeah # 105: Well it depends on where you're living. Interviewer: If you had to go to the store and buy some flour you might go in and buy two 105: two pounds. Interviewer: Um what do you use to make bread that's not baking powder or soda it comes in a little packet and it's usually dry and granulated and makes the bread rise. 105: Yeast. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What are the two parts in the in an egg? 105: Yolk and the white. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And one is white and the other is what color? 105: Yellow. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh if you cook 'em in hot water what do you call it? 105: Boiled eggs. Interviewer: Okay. If you crack 'em and let 'em fall out of the shells into the hot water what do you call 'em? 105: Yeah. Poached. Interviewer: I don't like poached eggs. Um {NS} what do you call the salt or sugar cured meat that you might boil with greens? 105: {NS} Fat back or uh side meat. Streak a lean streak a fat. Interviewer: #1 Okay if it didn't have any lean in it at all? # 105: #2 It's just fat back. # Interviewer: Okay if it had a large amount of lean? 105: We'd call it streak a lean streak a fat. Interviewer: When you cut the side of a hog what do you call it? 105: That's the uh um that's what we call the side bellies. Interviewer: Yeah. Um what kind of meat do you buy that's sliced thin to eat with eggs? 105: Bacon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: That comes from the sides of pigs. Interviewer: Yeah. Um what's the rim of a bacon #1 that you cut off before you start # 105: #2 Rind. # Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} You're zipping though on this. The kind of meat that you buy well I've already done that. Um the kind of meat that comes in little links on a chain. 105: Uh sausage. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call a man who kills and sells meat? 105: Uh he's a butcher. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} If meat's been kept too long you might says it's gone 105: Rancid. Interviewer: Okay. After you butcher a hog what do you make with the meat from its head? 105: Makes souse meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I had forgotten about that. 105: {NW} Interviewer: I don't #1 {X} # 105: #2 Pressed meat. # Some of 'em call it pressed meat we used to call it soused meat. Down here they call it pressed meat now. Interviewer: What do you call the dish prepared by cooking and grinding up hog liver? 105: Well uh I don't like it and so I just don't like hog livers and so I just don't know what they'd call that {X} Interviewer: You ever heard of anything being made out of hog blood? 105: No. Never have. Interviewer: #1 I never had either. # 105: #2 The uh # butchers uh slaughter houses don't lose anything but #1 the squeal they say. # Interviewer: #2 I know. # They take everything. Um suppose you'd kept bird too long and it didn't taste good. What would you call the taste or how would you describe #1 it? # 105: #2 Rancid. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Interviewer: Thick milk thick sour milk that you keep on hand is called. 105: Buttermilk. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 105: #2 {X} # Yeah and you make churn it and make buttermilk. Interviewer: Okay. #1 What kind of cheese could you make from it? # 105: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Well you'd just make uh plain cheese I guess on that it's uh would be uh depends on I guess what you put in it to what Interviewer: Mm. 105: you'd call it. Just regular cheese. Interviewer: Okay if you well you probably know this better than I. What do you do to milk the first thing after milking it? 105: Strain it. Interviewer: Um what's baked in a deep dish that has that made of apples with a crust on the top? 105: Pies. Co- Cobblers. Interviewer: Okay. If somebody has a good appetite you might say he sure likes to put away his 105: food. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That's me. # 105: Huh? Interviewer: That's me. 105: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Okay what do you call oh # 105: #2 You don't look like you eating over. # Interviewer: I do. What do you call milk or cream that's mixed with sugar and nutmeg that you might pour over a pie? 105: Uh that's a puddings. Interviewer: Okay. Food that's taken between your regular meals? 105: Uh snacks. Interviewer: Okay. You might say I what breakfast at seven oh clock? 105: Ate. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Yesterday at that time I had already 105: Eaten. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um what do you drink for breakfast? 105: Coffee. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 105: J- orange juice and coffee. Interviewer: Alright if you're just thirsty you might go in the kitchen and get a glass a 105: water. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you would drink it out of a 105: glass. Interviewer: Okay. 105: Or a cup. Paper cup. Interviewer: The glass fell off the sink and 105: broke. Interviewer: Okay you might say I didn't 105: knock it off. Interviewer: Okay but somebody has 105: knocked it off. {NS} Interviewer: If I ask you how much you drink {NW} you might say {NS} 105: very little. Interviewer: {NW} Okay using the word drink. 105: Uh-huh. Uh I I drink um very little uh. Interviewer: Okay. Then you might ask me the same question what would you say? 105: How much do you drink? Interviewer: Okay. If I said um we had a gallon of water and if between us it was all gone what would you say we'd done to it? 105: #1 We drank a gallon of water. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # When dinner's on the table and family's waiting around for it to begin what would you say to them? 105: Dinner's ready. Interviewer: Okay and if you had company what would you say? 105: Dinner's being served. Interviewer: Okay nicer then. 105: Uh-huh. {NS} Interviewer: Uh if somebody comes into the dining room you might ask him 105: sit here or there wherever. Pick out a place for 'em. Interviewer: Okay. 105: {NW} Interviewer: Uh then once you had told him to sit down he 105: would sit down. Interviewer: Okay. And if everybody was nobody was uh any longer standing they would all be 105: sitting. Interviewer: Okay. If you want somebody not to wait until the potatoes are passed you might say to them 105: um go ahead uh go ahead. Start eating whatever the case may be. Interviewer: Uh if #1 you told him to help him # 105: #2 Pass the potatoes. # Interviewer: yeah. You told him to help himself uh 105: Help yourself to the potatoes and pass 'em. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. If you decide not to eat something you say I don't 105: care for it. Interviewer: Okay. If the food's been cooked and served a second time you'd say it has been 105: warmed over. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. When you put food in your mouth what do you do to it? 105: Chew it. Interviewer: Um did you ever take corn meal and boil it with salt and water and eat it that way? 105: No. Interviewer: What do you call peas and beets and beans and? 105: Vegetables. Interviewer: Okay. Uh would you call them anything different if you raised them at home or if you bought them at the store? 105: No they'd still be vegetables. {NW} Interviewer: What do you s- call a small plot of land near the house where you might grow #1 vegetables? # 105: #2 Garden. # Interviewer: Okay. What's a particularly s- you can tell a Northerner made this up. What's a particularly Southern food that's often served with sausage and eggs that's made out of ground corn and #1 boiled and served? # 105: #2 That's grits. # Interviewer: Yeah. 105: {NW} Interviewer: What do you call the dish made from the whole grains of corn? 105: Hominy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um what's the starch made from the inside of a grain that's raised uh in Louisiana or Arkansas or #1 Texas? # 105: #2 Rice. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What are some names for non-tax paid alcoholic beverages? 105: Um I call beverages. Interviewer: Mm-hmm that doesn't pay state tax or they make it up in the mountains. 105: Coca-colas and #1 the soft drinks are what I'd say. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 What are alcoholic beverages though that # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 105: C- #1 corn squeezins I guess they'd call it. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 Bootleg whiskey. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 If it's # not a very high quality and is um very unsanitary would it have a different name? {X} The dog. Injury. 105: Yeah I that's uh now then I can't think of that name what you call it it's uh but um it is um #1 it's still bootleg whiskey but it's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: I can't think a what to call it that's not that. {NS} #1 So I'll have to pass that one up. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh if something's cooking and it makes a good impression on your nose you say to #1 somebody mm-hmm. # 105: #2 oo that smells so good. # {NW} Interviewer: Uh if you crush sugarcane and boil the juice you make 105: sugar. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh what's if I ask you what's the difference between syrup and molasses uh you might say molasses is 105: {NW} dark and s- syrup's is clearer. Interviewer: What do you call the sweet sticky liquid that you put on flapjacks? 105: Syrup. Interviewer: Okay. Uh this is an imitation of maple syrup it's 105: it's imitation of maple syrup it'd be just an imitation. Interviewer: If it's not imitation. 105: Oh it's pure. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 105: Pure syrup. Interviewer: What might you read on belts that tell you it's cowhide and nothing else. 105: It uh that's what you read it they're made of cowhide. Interviewer: Um when sugar isn't prepackaged but {X} you say it's sold 105: loose. Interviewer: What do you call the sweet spread that you make by boiling sugar and the juice of apples or peaches or strawberries? 105: The sweet bread? Interviewer: Sweet spread. 105: Sweet spread oh that was Interviewer: you put on toast in the mornings. 105: Yeah well that's uh and made out oh that would be jellies or jams. Interviewer: Okay. What do you keep on your table to season your food with? 105: Salt and pepper. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If there's some apples in a bowl and a child wants one he would say 105: may I have an apple? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If he was nice. 105: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 If I # 105: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # One of my granddaughters shes eats apples every time she come and we just buy apples for her. Interviewer: {NW} 105: She loves 'em. Interviewer: My mother does that cuz she says my little girl doesn't get enough fruits. 105: How old is she? Interviewer: She's three. 105: Three. Did you read the paper about this little three year old up here at the lake? Interviewer: No. 105: Yeah little three year old his daddy run the lake up uh run run this place there and he's always cautioned him to never get on the dock cuz if you fall off you'll die. #1 He didn't say you'll drown you'll die. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: Well he was sitting on the bank and this little it was in last week's paper and I don't know exactly what had happened the week or so ago but this uh he was playing on the bank this particular three year old and on the dock was a boy that was visiting somebody there he fell in the water and he ran around on the dock and reached over and got him by the hair that laid down on the dock and got him by the hair and by hand and began to holler for help. Interviewer: #1 This was a three year old? # 105: #2 That # three year old. And he was doing that and he said that uh he uh would hold him there and hollering for help I don't want Joey to die. See #1 that's what he had been taught if you fall in there you will die # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 105: and um there was some commotion out there and so his daddy came out to the door and heard him and he broke off down there right close and just went right on into the water and got the child and gave him and and brought him back to life alright he was just about out and he gave him artificial respiration and uh pumped him a little bit and he was alright and then he was telling his sister about that at the table about he was a hero and she's ups and says second or third time she say I don't want to hear any more about that. But him three years old #1 and save that kid's life. # Interviewer: #2 I never hardly believe that a # 105: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 child that young would have the presence of mind to do something like that. # 105: #1 Well that's was in the paper last week about that in the Marietta Journal. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: #1 on there that's three years old. # Interviewer: #2 That's amazing. # I wouldn't think of my three year old knowing to do 105: #1 Well now if you had told him # Interviewer: #2 something # 105: #1 and you live there close and know he's going to play on this # Interviewer: #2 yeah yeah. # 105: play around there and Karen don't you get out on that dock if you fall off in there you'll die. Interviewer: Yeah then he 105: #1 Say you'll drown he don't know what drown means # Interviewer: #2 yeah yeah. # 105: he may have taught him to s- to know what #1 uh die means that you're gone you see. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: And that was what he that was his first thought. Interviewer: That's amazing. 105: Isn't that something? Interviewer: Cuz some adults would have panicked #1 and not know what to do # 105: #2 Yeah that's right. # Interviewer: #1 yeah yeah yeah. # 105: #2 Or they'd jumped in and grabbed him right quick. # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 105: #2 I remember we were up there after this boat we was telling you about we made # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # and my son and all we were all up there and my uh youngest granddaughter then not well at the time she was the youngest so this had to too and I imagine she was about she was about uh three or four and uh we was there but all of us was there by the boat and all and she standing on the dock she began to look and look look and she kept looking until she got overbalanced and into the water she went and uh the son and I were in the boat and boy oh we were over that Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: windshield we went and grabbed her out of there. Interviewer: Oh. 105: She didn't even get strangled you see. Interviewer: She didn't have that much time. 105: Well it #1 well she wasn't in there long enough and she knew not to breathe you see. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: Cuz she loved to play in the water. Interviewer: You know sometimes I think it's amazing that children ever grow up. 105: That's right. That's right. Interviewer: #1 Because when I think of all the things that could happen to mine and I just # 105: #2 Sure. # Interviewer: it's overwhelming. 105: {NW} So many things can happen is right. Interviewer: Um. If you're Excuse me. 105: Now we'll go back. Interviewer: Okay. {NW} #1 This is nice to get off yeah. # 105: #2 Put these answers for a different huh? # Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 105: #2 # Interviewer: It's nice to get off from this sometimes cuz this gets a little boring it's 105: #1 Sometimes but you know if something comes up like that # Interviewer: #2 just question answer yeah. # 105: #1 and you think to mention it and all it's # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh if you're pointing to a tree that's a way off in the distance you might say it's 105: so far I mean what I mean is so many feet or distance if I'd say try to tell yards or whatever the case may be that you think it would be. Interviewer: Okay if somebody comes to your door and is asking about somebody who lives maybe 105: #1 next door or # Interviewer: #2 a # 105: #1 ways down you might say # Interviewer: #2 down the street # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: they live further down the street. Interviewer: If I tell you don't do it that way do it 105: this way. {NS} Interviewer: When somebody speaks to you and you don't hear exactly what he said what do you say to him to ask him to re- 105: I didn't understand you. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh if a man has plenty of money he doesn't have anything to worry about but life is hard on a man 105: that doesn't. Interviewer: Okay. 105: {NW} Interviewer: If you have several peach trees you or a lot of peach trees you have 105: an orchard. Or grove peach grove peach peach orchard yeah it's orchard that's right. Interviewer: Um when I was a boy my father was poor but next door was a boy 105: father was rich. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Um what's inside a cherry the part that you don't eat? 105: That's the seed. Interviewer: Okay. #1 Inside a # 105: #2 Pit. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm inside of a peach? 105: That's a that's a peach seed. Interviewer: Okay. Um what kind of peach is it where the flesh is tight against the stone? 105: That's a free no that's a oh I was thinking that's not a free stone cuz free stone turns loose but uh uh that's a cling I guess. Yeah. Interviewer: Um what do you call the part of the apple that you throw away? 105: Core. {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} when you cut up apples or peaches and dry them 105: #1 They're dried fruit. # Interviewer: #2 what do you # Okay. Um what kind of nuts do you pull up out of the ground and roast? 105: Peanuts. Interviewer: Okay do you know any slang words for peanuts? 105: Isn't that goobers? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Um what other kind of nuts are grown maybe around here not necessarily #1 South? # 105: #2 Um # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # well we have uh the hickory nuts and walnuts pecans {NS} they're all nice nuts. {NS} Interviewer: Um what's the hard covering of a say a walnut called? 105: It's it's the uh oh I I don't know. A walnut would be a shell. Interviewer: What's another kind of nut that grows down south? I may have some friends in Mississippi who have them they're long and uh flat you make a pie out of 'em. 105: Uh nuts? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: Not pecans. Interviewer: Yeah well I didn't mean flat I meant 105: #1 I don't pecans? # Interviewer: #2 yeah. # Yes yeah. 105: #1 Is that it? # Interviewer: #2 That's what mm-hmm. # 105: #1 Is that it? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: #1 I had already mentioned pecans the reason I didn't know whether that was what you mean. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh the kind of fruit that grows in Florida. 105: Oranges and apples and grapefruit and lemons Interviewer: If 105: #1 the like. # Interviewer: #2 you # you had a bowl of oranges on the tables and there weren't anymore you might say that the oranges are 105: gone. Old. Interviewer: Um a small red vegetable that grows you eat the part that's underneath the ground. 105: That's a radish. {NS} Interviewer: Uh the kind of red vegetables that grow it says here on a bush I call 'em a vine. That you slice 'em up and eat 'em on lettuce. 105: Tomatoes. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 105: Had some for dinner. Interviewer: Yeah well uh 105: Got s- I got some plants right out there. Interviewer: Really? I have some that just they haven't done a bit at all. 105: #1 One a these are growing now # Interviewer: #2 We called little # 105: we got some nice ones #1 about this big. # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # Mine grow about like this and then just quit. What do you call little bitty tomatoes? 105: They uh they're called uh {NS} hmm I had that right on {NS} um what is that called I can't think a that name but it's little. It's a little one I know they use 'em for uh decorating to like more or less. Interviewer: #1 Yeah they put on the tops of salads to make it pretty. # 105: #2 Yeah uh-huh. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Interviewer: Um if you had steak you might also have a baked 105: Potato. Interviewer: Okay. What kinds of different potatoes can you name? 105: #1 What kind of different potatoes? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: {X} potatoes sweet potatoes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um how about a potato that has yellow inside? 105: Yams. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay something else that grows in the ground and you eat the part mostly that's in the ground and has a strong odor that #1 makes you cry? # 105: #2 Onions? # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 105: #2 {NW} # #1 They love that one down in Louisiana. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: Are you from down that way? Interviewer: No I'm from Tennessee really. 105: Tennessee huh? Interviewer: Uh what do you call the young fresh ones that you eat? 105: Shallots. Spring onions. Interviewer: Um this is another one another vegetable. And a lot of people grow them in their gardens but you can use it in gumbo or you can use it in homemade soup it's green and long and #1 slimy. # 105: #2 Peppers. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Interviewer: Slimy when you cut it. 105: #1 Oh okra? # Interviewer: #2 You might fry it # 105: #1 Okra. # Interviewer: #2 yeah. # 105: #1 Okra yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: #1 Uh we eat fried okra but not boiled. # Interviewer: #2 Uh # Oh I don't like it boiled. If you leave a plum or an apple out in the sun it will dry up and 105: make a it'll make a prune. Interviewer: Okay. Um the kind of vegetable that comes in large leafy heads. 105: Lettuce. Interviewer: #1 Okay or the kind that # 105: #2 Cabbage. # Interviewer: Yeah. If you wanted to take the beans out of the pods by hand you'd have to 105: take the beans uh well you shell 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh the kind of large flat bean that you don't eat in the pod. 105: That's a butter bean a lima bean. Interviewer: Okay. 105: {NW} Interviewer: Uh the kind of beans that you eat pod and all. 105: #1 Green beans. # Interviewer: #2 That you break up. # 105: Snap. String beans is what it. Interviewer: Okay. You take the tops of turnips and cook 'em and make a mess of 105: greens turnip greens. {NS} Interviewer: Um the green stuff that you put in salads. 105: Um well you got your lettuce and your celery and um bell peppers onions you could use and and tomatoes chop up. And um croutons on top is mighty g- #1 good to go with 'em. # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 105: {NW} Interviewer: {X} If you had two bunches of lettuce you would say you had two 105: heads of lettuce. Interviewer: Okay. If you have two boys and three girls you have 105: five children. Interviewer: Okay. 105: {NW} Interviewer: If you if he had seven boys and seven girls you might say he had a 105: big family. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 105: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um have you ever used the work passel? Yeah. 105: I beg your pardon. Interviewer: Have you ever used the word passel? P-A-S-S-E-L 105: I don't know as I have. Interviewer: {X} When you pick corn the green covering which you take off #1 is # 105: #2 shuck. # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} The kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob is 105: Uh boil cor- I mean it's um stewed corn. Interviewer: Okay. Um what's the thing that grows up at the top of the 105: #1 tassel. # Interviewer: #2 corn? # Mm-hmm. The stringy stuff that you have to get off the corn #1 before you # 105: #2 that's # fodder. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} 105: Make fodder out of it. Sure is a hard job to pull fodder too. Interviewer: What can you make a jack-o-lantern out of? 105: Pumpkins. Interviewer: Um a small yellow crook-neck vegetable. 105: Squash. Interviewer: Okay. Uh different kinds of melons. 105: Watermelons. Cantaloupes. Um some of 'em call 'em mushmelons about the same thing as that. And then you can get your honeydew. Interviewer: Mm. 105: Uh there may be others but I just don't ain't gonna think of that I just think a those three more than anything else you have. Such as watermelons ho- honeydews and mushmelons or cantaloupes. We got another one? Interviewer: No that's that's it. 105: Alright. Interviewer: Fact I think you named more than they had. Um what springs up in the woods and fields after a rain the little white umbrella shaped things? 105: Sto- toad stools it's called. Interviewer: Um are there any kinds that you could eat? 105: Uh well yes it's uh {NS} uh had some on some chicken yesterday. Mush- mushroom. Interviewer: Yes oh I love 'em. 105: Uh-huh. My she takes a a chicken breast and put it in the a boiling uh container and pour uh undiluted um mushroom soup over it. Cook it that way. Oh it's delicious. Interviewer: And tender too #1 isn't it? # 105: #2 Oh yes. # It just. Interviewer: Mm. If a man has a sore throat so that the inside of his throat is swollen you could say he couldn't eat that piece of meat because he couldn't 105: swallow. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Um okay what do some people smoke the short white ones? 105: Cigarettes. Interviewer: And the longer brown ones. 105: Cigars. Interviewer: There were a lot of people at the party having a good time they were all standing around the piano 105: singing. Interviewer: Okay and if a funny story had been told they'd all be 105: laughing. Interviewer: Somebody offers to do you a favor you say I appreciate it but I don't want to be 105: obligated to you. Interviewer: Um. 105: Don't want to be just obligated what you might say. Interviewer: Somebody ask you about doing a certain job and you'd say sure I 105: can. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: Had one that called me yesterday wanted to build a gate #1 for a cute little # Interviewer: #2 And you said that? # 105: keep a dog in and the baby in too whenever it comes it hasn't got here yet. When she gets older. {NW} Interviewer: That's what we did we started out buying a gate for a dog and ended up using it for the child. 105: {NW} Interviewer: Um If you're not able to do it you might say I'd like to but I 105: don't have the time. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh somebody ask you about sundown to do some work and you say I got to work before sunup and I 105: cannot work after sundown. {NW} Interviewer: There was a terrible accident up the road that there was none need to call a doctor because by the time we got there the victim was 105: dead. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: #1 Did you hear about that # 105: #2 I # Interviewer: accident what was Harrison? Jack Harrison was that his name the candidate that had oh what was his name? It was last week I think that he was in a car wreck there on 105: #1 Oh Henderson. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: #1 Henderson Jack Henderson uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: Yeah I did I saw him I knew I knew his mother back before and his daddy both before they married. Interviewer: I just heard about it on the radio did they ever find out that's an odd place. 105: That was right down there at uh #1 that traffic light you see just hit that # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: embuttment the embutt- that embuttment there and and his car bursted into flames and he was dead instantly you see with the flames. Interviewer: Somebody said that he had been forced off the road or something. 105: #1 No that that that's uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: some construction people there and they said there wasn't another car anywhere. Interviewer: Huh. 105: They j- just you see there's where your reporters come in and they #1 try to put words in your mouth or they make up something to make people think and start to talking. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. 105: And uh Interviewer: #1 Make it sound more fantastic than it is. # 105: #2 that's correct and # uh they said these construction workers said they was there in thirty seconds and tried to get him out but it was so hot that they couldn't and uh said there wasn't another car anywhere in sight. Interviewer: Oh it's so awful. 105: Yeah I remember Jackie when he just uh growing up I say I knew his mother she was a York they that pick that piece in the Constitution was wrong about Ulma Cox being well she did raise him that was his third wife his daddy's third wife but um his r- his wife was a York girl it Evelyn York that lived right over here on where that store was but they torn all those houses down she has a sister and a brother still living here and and one sister I think's living in in Carleton. Interviewer: Yeah. 105: A fine family. She just died young. Interviewer: Um if a man say is climbing a mountain you might say in that situation how should he behave? 105: Climbing the mountain? Interviewer: #1 Yeah or anything dangerous. # 105: #2 He should # Yeah well he should be very cautious. Interviewer: Okay. 105: Careful. Interviewer: I'll dare you to go through the cemetery at night but I'll bet you 105: won't. {NW} Interviewer: If I get after my child and I'll tell her you aren't doing what you 105: supposed to do. Interviewer: Okay. A little boy got a whipping you'd say I bet he did something he 105: shouldn't have. Interviewer: Mm-kay. If I ask you to do something you might say no I 105: cannot do it. Interviewer: Okay. In refusing more strongly you might say no matter how many times you ask me to do that #1 I # 105: #2 I won't # do it. Interviewer: Okay. 105: {NW} Interviewer: When you get something done that hard work all by yourself and your friend was standing around without helping you might say you 105: were no help to me. {NW} Interviewer: Suggesting the possibility of being able to do something you say I'm not sure but I 105: will try. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If or if it quits raining by Thursday I 105: can or I will do that. Interviewer: Okay what kind of bird is it that can see in the dark? 105: What kind of what? Interviewer: What kind of bird can see in the dark? 105: A owl. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh what kind of bird that hoots at night? 105: Hoot owl. Interviewer: The bigger kind with the deeper voice. 105: {NW} Screech owl. Now you take a talking about in the night? You know uh mockingbirds will sing in the night. never heard 'em? Interviewer: Mm-mm. 105: They used to we used to have a a bush out here on had little red balls on it I've got one thing back {X} and there's thorns on it too they come along and eat those and they find they say it kind of makes them drunk and they'll just sing all night long. Interviewer: {NW} 105: You know if I I wondered how they stayed on something they say when a bird clings to it and then they sit down that those leaders just clamp it just like that just. Interviewer: Huh. 105: That's the reason they don't fall off of limbs and all when they get on the limbs and Interviewer: #1 Yeah but they go to sleep yeah. # 105: #2 and they sit down you see and those leaders will pull so tight # that they won't turn loose until they #1 raise up. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Hmm. What kind of bird is it that drills holes in trees? 105: That's a wood pecker wood uh chuck. {NS} Interviewer: What kind of black and white animal has a powerful smell? 105: Oh a skunk. {NW} Interviewer: Know 'em by any other name? 105: Uh polecat. Interviewer: Mm. 105: {NW} Interviewer: Um what kinds of animals might come and raid hen roosts? 105: That's um a fox or a or a opossum. Interviewer: Okay if you got angry you might say I'm gonna get me a gun and #1 some traps and # 105: #2 kill # Interviewer: go shoot those 105: varmints. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 105: {NW} Interviewer: Uh the little bushy tails animals that run up and down trees. 105: Squirrels I got a lot of 'em across the street. Interviewer: Oh. Have you ever heard of a squirrel called a boomer? 105: No I don't think I have. Interviewer: Um. 105: There are flying squirrels. Interviewer: Yeah. Is there anything that's sort of like a squirrel that doesn't climb a tree? 105: Rabbit. Interviewer: Okay. That might look like a squirrel. 105: Well uh don't climb a tree I got a chipmunk right here in the yard that lives in the ground. {NS} Interviewer: I don't know if I've ever seen one. 105: They're little they're kind of brownish red. #1 And they're about this big and they have a bushy tail on 'em too. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # Um if you went fishing what kinds of fish might you catch? 105: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 Around here. # 105: around here you'd catch some crappie or brim bass catfish. Interviewer: Okay. Um what is it that you're not supposed to eat if the name of the month doesn't have an R in it? 105: Uh oysters they say but that ain't true anymore. {NW} Interviewer: Uh {NS} if you lived around a pond what might you hear making noise at night? 105: Frogs. Bullfrogs. Tree frogs. Interviewer: Um {NS} what are the little ones called? 105: Tadpoles. Interviewer: Um you have any name for those kind that hop around in your backyard? 105: Toad frogs. Interviewer: Okay. what do you put on your hook to go fishing with? 105: Well worms or crickets. Interviewer: Okay. uh the hard shell thing that pulls in its neck and legs into its shell. 105: Turtles. Interviewer: Okay. 105: Terrapins. Interviewer: Uh and you just answered okay. 105: Was that another one you had? {NW} Interviewer: A kind of thing that you find in freshwater streams that has claws and when you turn over a rock it often swims away 105: #1 crawfish. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: #1 They eat a lot of them down in Louisiana. # Interviewer: #2 Mm yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Those small fin tail sea animals with the thin almost transparent shell that are caught by dragging nets along the bottom of the bay gulf or ocean. Uh 105: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 You # 105: shrimp Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay the insect that flies around a light and tries to fly into it. 105: Uh well uh most any of the night flies would be a firefly. Interviewer: Okay this one if you grab hold of it a powder comes off in your hand. 105: Oh that's a moth. Interviewer: Um the things that get in your wool clothes and won't come off. 105: They're moths and um #1 silverfish. # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # The things that fly around at night and a little girl loves to go out and catch. 105: #1 Lightning bugs. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: {NW} We used to catch 'em and feed 'em to frogs and they get too so full and {X} they all light up you would see Interviewer: #1 Oh no. # 105: #2 through # Interviewer: #1 I'd never heard of that. # 105: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: See those wild looking lightning bugs. 105: I was with my two grandchildren get out and catch 'em too. Put 'em in a jar. Interviewer: Yeah. Sometimes I'll forget that she has 'em in a jar usually you know she'll catch 'em then I'll let 'em go. 105: {NW} Interviewer: A long thin bodied insect with a hard little beak and two pairs of shiny wings. It hovers around damp places places and eats it's it's own weight in mosquitoes. If you went out maybe to the lake what kind of those big little bugs that #1 fly around. # 105: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Oh my goodness I we used to call 'em snake feeders or something and is that it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 105: Huh. Interviewer: That's it. 105: #1 Oh my goodness they got snake doctor snake feeders. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah. Okay um what kind of stinging insects can you think of? 105: Well there's bees and hornets and yellow jackets. Bumblebees well bumblebee and um honey bee Interviewer: A kind of insect that builds big paper nests the size of a football in trees. 105: #1 Hornets. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 # Uh the kind that builds small paper nests often on the side of a house. 105: That's a wasp. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} The kind that build nests in the ground and swarm all over you. 105: Yellow jackets. Interviewer: The kind that fly around at night. And bite sometimes they carry malaria. 105: That's mosquitoes. Interviewer: Uh if you're walking in the woods without boots these little things burrow in your skin. {NS} 105: Would it be a leech or something like that burrow in your skin. Interviewer: Yeah or just walk out in tall grass lots a times it'll sometimes you have to come back in and you don't have a mosquito bite you have a another kind of bite. {NS} 105: Oh don't be if I don't know I don't think I've ever had the experience like that. {NS} Interviewer: Um {NS} what are the insects sometimes green and sometimes brown that hop along in the grass in summertime? 105: Grasshoppers. {NS} Interviewer: A small fish that you use for bait. 105: Minnow Interviewer: Um {NW} this sounds like my house. What do you find stretched across the corners of the room when it hasn't been cleaned? 105: Uh stretched across the room it has a big white? Interviewer: #1 In the corners of a room maybe up here where it hasn't been cleaned. # 105: #2 Oh cobwebs. # Interviewer: Yeah. 105: {NW} Yeah I bet they are. Interviewer: Oh. Uh the part of the tree that's underneath the ground is called. 105: Roots. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} The kind of tree that you tap for syrup. 105: Is uh {NW} maples. Interviewer: Um what would you call a big roof of these maple trees? 105: Uh would it be a grove? Interviewer: Um a tall shade tree with long white limbs and a white scaly bark. 105: That's poplar I guess. Interviewer: What did George Washington cut down? 105: #1 Cherry tree. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 105: {NW} Interviewer: A shrub whose leaves become very red in the fall and which is poison to some people. 105: Uh poison to some people? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: Oh. Interviewer: #1 Ah let me read you what it says. # 105: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Interviewer: Um a very tall bush or shrub with a stem of leaves growing from it that turns bright red in the fall and has a little red bunch at the top it grows on a hillside. 105: {X} Interviewer: Okay. 105: Huh? Was that it? Interviewer: Um what different kinds of {NS} growths are there I just got this last spring that if you walk through it or get it on your skin it makes you break out. 105: Oh poison ivy or a poison oak or. {NW} Interviewer: Uh the red berries that you eat with sugar and cream. 105: #1 Strawberries. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: Cherries. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh kinds of what other kinds of berries just any other kind. 105: Well uh you got uh blueberries huckleberries uh raspberries Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: let's see there's blackberries. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh some berries that grow in the wood are not good to eat if they kill you you'd say that they are 105: uh poison. Interviewer: Uh tall bush with clusters of beautiful pink and white flowers that bloom in the late spring. 105: Uh pink and white flowers? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: And it's a bush? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: Pink and white oh my goodness I'm in the garden club and can't even think of that. Interviewer: Mountain laurels. 105: Mountain laurel oh yes. Yeah. Interviewer: Uh bigger ones with longer segments of stem these grow further up in the mountains. 105: That's um {NW} mountain laurel and the uh {NS} oh heck been up in there and seen 'em and all but I can't think what they are. Interviewer: Rhododendron. 105: War- yeah rhododendron that's a hard name to be. {NS} Interviewer: Um I was looking to see if I saw one but 105: There's none of 'em around here. Interviewer: No I was thinking about the next one. It's a large flowering tree with shiny leaves and big white flowers that you think of in the South. 105: What is it dogwood? Interviewer: Mm-mm. 105: Big white Interviewer: #1 It's bigger than that. # 105: #2 flowers. # Interviewer: #1 Big tree beautiful tree with big white flowers and # 105: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: #1 shiny leaves yeah. # 105: #2 Oh magnolia I got a big one right here in my backyard beautiful. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Yeah. Interviewer: Love 'em. 105: Magnolia. Yeah there's several across the street. Up here and then I got a big one back here. Interviewer: I wanna plant one we 105: #1 Plant I planted it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 105: just about this big when I put it in the ground. Interviewer: They grow big fast? 105: Yeah they grow pretty fast. Interviewer: That's good. Isn't there uh some kind of maple that grows #1 reasonably fast? # 105: #2 Yeah I have a maple in the back # that's growing pretty #1 fast. # Interviewer: #2 What kind is it? # 105: It's a white silver maple. Silver maple yeah. Have a Sweetgum back there that's growing too. Interviewer: Yeah. 105: Pretty good. Interviewer: We have a uh 105: Grew so well it's all I got in the back. Interviewer: We have a reasonably new house and I want to plant some trees or put out some trees but I don't wanna take thirty years to 105: Uh-huh. Interviewer: see them. 105: Well now these uh this this silver maple that I've had back there it's been up about four or five years it's tall as this room now Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 105: #2 you see. # Interviewer: #1 And uh # 105: #2 Mm. # when you go out to get your car you can see it Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 105: #2 right down # there beside the garage. And that magnolia I planted it about ten years ago and it's I guess it's #1 thirty feet high or so. # Interviewer: #2 Hmm. # That is nice. 105: Yeah. Interviewer: I love them. They're beautiful. Uh if a married woman doesn't want to make up her own mind she says I must ask 105: um #1 her husband. # Interviewer: #2 She's married. # Yeah. 105: Oh. Interviewer: #1 Uh # 105: #2 must ask her husband. # Interviewer: and if a man if he didn't want to make up his own mind would say I must ask 105: #1 my wife. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # A woman who's lost her husband is called 105: a widow. Interviewer: Um the man whose son you are is called your 105: #1 uh father. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Uh what did you call your father? 105: What did I call? Well I called him papa most of the time {X} grew up back then we called him papa. #1 And then uh I guess that's what I've called him all the time papa. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: And my grandchildren called him papa #1 cuz I did. # Interviewer: #2 What'd they call you? # 105: Huh? Interviewer: What do they call you? 105: They call me papa. My grandchildren call me papa. Interviewer: Yeah. 105: But my children I mean called him papa. Interviewer: Yeah. 105: #1 And now my grandchildren call me papa and her mama. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah? 105: Papa and mama because her mother well we always called her Mama Manning ya see and all and the children called her Mama Manning and now then the my grandchildren calls us papa and mama. Interviewer: Yeah. So they call her mama what do they call their mothers? 105: They call their mothers mommy #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 and mother something yeah. # 105: #1 Mommy I think some of them call them mommy. # Interviewer: #2 Uh # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Yeah. If the man whose son you are is your father the woman whose son you are is 105: your mother. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 105: {NW} Interviewer: What would you call her? 105: Me I called her mama. Interviewer: Yeah. 105: Mama and papa. Interviewer: Okay your mother and father together were called your 105: parents. Interviewer: Uh your father's father is your 105: grandfather. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And 105: grandmother. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: #1 That's the one you want next? # Interviewer: #2 {NW} Yeah. # 105: {NW} Interviewer: #1 You're out guessing these {X} # 105: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Interviewer: Um your sons and daughters are called your 105: children. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Uh a chi- a name that a child's known by just in his own family what would that be called? 105: Son or daughter. Interviewer: Yeah but if you called 'em by a name other than their given name but it was just a family kind of name what would you 105: #1 Like a nickname or something like that? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 105: Well it'd be a nickname yeah. Interviewer: Um something that on wheels that you can put the baby in and it can lie down. 105: Carriage or a stroller. Interviewer: Uh 105: See you've got a papoose cage in yours Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 105: #2 car. # Interviewer: Yeah. 105: Seat I mean. #1 You strap that in when you put him in there don't you? # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 105: #1 Good. # Interviewer: #2 She sits there all the time. # 105: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Um {NS} if you were telling about their ages and Sally is twenty and the rest of 'em are younger #1 you'd say Sally is # 105: #2 younger # Interviewer: #1 the # 105: #2 the oldest. # Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} and if John were five you might #1 say okay. # 105: #2 he's the youngest. # Yeah. Interviewer: If okay your children are your sons and your 105: daughters. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Your children are boys and 105: girls. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 105: Uh-huh. {NW} Interviewer: If a woman's going to have a child pretty soon you say she's 105: pregnant. Interviewer: Okay. 105: Or is that the right? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any yeah. 105: Yeah. Interviewer: Um If you didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby the woman you might send for would be called 105: um {NS} uh what are they handmaid uh oh my goodness. I know that as well as I know my she's a {NS} can't think of it but that's uh some of 'em may go to delivers babies is called a holy cow running off a whole lot of tape and I can't even answer it. Interviewer: You want me to tell you? 105: Hand uh what? Interviewer: Midwife. 105: Midwife I was trying to think yeah midwives. Interviewer: You know it's hard when you're trying to called on to give uh an answer #1 to just pop these things out of your head like this. # 105: #2 Fact that's right like that it's hard. # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 105: #2 Fact I know there's a several where I knew what they were but I couldn't think of 'em that was it. # Interviewer: #1 # 105: #2 # Interviewer: Uh if a boy and his father have much they same appearance maybe the same color eyes or hair #1 you'd say the boy # 105: #2 they resemble # Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 105: #2 # resembles his father. {C: tape distorted} Interviewer: If a mother's looked after her three children until they've grown you say she has 105: raised the- Interviewer: Okay. 105: {NW} Interviewer: Uh.