Interviewer: Okay um {NS} so you had that shed 330: Mm-hmm. Concreted and fixed airtight you know wasn't nothing couldn't get in. {D: all you got you got a lock tight on} we first started selling milk we didn't have a thing we just milked 'em right out there in the lot. I was young. Started Interviewer: What what's a lot? 330: Just pasture lot you know where they run at past we drove 'em up past there in the lot milked 'em and {D: set in the spring} big spring down there. And cooled it and that's where they hauled it {X} what you would you talked to him, didn't you? {X} Interviewer: I don't know if I see him. 330: Yeah I said you to talk to well then he started holding our milk then back there when I was a young boy and that's where we milked the right there and set it in the spring. And then they got getting tight on it and tighter on it you know {D: and it's all real different} Interviewer: What do you mean tight? 330: Half bottles you know {D: had to they} got {X} we went for years and years and used ice. We didn't have electricity you know. Interviewer: You used ice? 330: Mm-hmm. To cool it. Big boxes set the milk over in it. And then about three hundred pound block of ice. Put the ice in the box and it'd stay there till it {D: just wh- they get too low with it with all} milk truck would bring us another three hundred pound block. {D: loads in there} That's where we cooled it. Until we got electricity and then we got a refrigerator you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Set them box Interviewer: What'd you call this box? 330: Ice box? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Just 330: Used to call a regular ice box or the milk the milk cooler, we we just it held water it's we uh well I mean we called it the milk cooler. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. This was different from a spring? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: How would you use the spring just for yourself? 330: {D: we wad 'em wad 'em} {D: washed 'em off the top up you know that pump} um Interviewer: Uh-huh 330: Holes like you know to pray wash up in your barn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And use the water in your spring but uh they finally made a bigger well down there I think after we sold it my father died and I sold it. Finally had to dig a well. Interviewer: What um okay now talk about a fireplace um the open well that part right there in front of the fireplace. 330: Hearth? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay #1 um # 330: #2 Hearth. # Interviewer: and the thing that goes up across there that you set vases on. 330: The jamb. {NS} Interviewer: What? 330: Jamb. What the those bricks setting on? Interviewer: What what part is that? The {NS} 330: That's what I call this. Jamb. Interviewer: Hmm. So just the sort of the top part of the that's still the fireplace. 330: It it it's a I we called it the jamb that's what I've always called it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: That there what the holds on it's a big piece of metal Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It cut across there in the brick and set on it you know you see. Interviewer: Oh I see. 330: And it's got a a ventilator up in it. Mine has, now of course our old ones didn't you know, you cut it off and at if you wanted to use electricity all electricity we I use that we use that all the time, I {X} fireplace but if you wanted to use electricity and keep it you'd just flip that thing down in there and {D: just airtight} {D: up in the chimney, see} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And you can keep your air in here, hot air in here. Interviewer: What about that board that goes across the up there 330: Mantel? Interviewer: Yeah. You ever heard that called anything besides that? 330: Mantelpiece is all I {X} is all I I guess all you all I believe it's all I've ever heard it called. Interviewer: Mantelpiece? 330: Mm-hmm. Mantelpiece. {NS} This here we called it the mantel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay say you were gonna make a fire or build a fire first of all {NS} you might if you're gonna start the fire you might use this kinda wood that 330: Kindling? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Get up and kindle it. {C: tape overlaid} {X} Get some kindling, put it in there and uh get your get you some matches {X} a lot of old people did, I never did but a lot of old people heap of 'em would get {D: cogs} and soak 'em in kerosene and lay 'em lay 'em down there and set a match to 'em and start 'em like that. But I never did do it always just have me some uh kindling I'd put up kindling. I have it in the old garage out there and I keep it in there all the time and just bring lay it in there and now I might take some paper and light the paper and then stick it on there you know like that and start it. And it don't take but a few minutes to get really going. I keep this seed wood too you know {X} {D: oh it really burns} Interviewer: What about that you might take a big piece of wood and keep it at the back 330: Back stick? Interviewer: Okay. What 330: You you've seen some wood then. You been around fireplaces? Interviewer: I I never really paid that that close attention. 330: Yeah we uh I have back stick, put it on the back stick. Every morning. Interviewer: Okay. 330: {D: but use one today} and that burns up and at night my my mother used to we she cooked a lot Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: My mother would we'd have jam and had a whole {X} {D: up there} had a metal out of metal pot. We had a big old black pot {D: the way you ever saw one} And a handle on it. {NS} {D: it had a} Y come down and and uh hook come over singletree I'd say that's what it looked like to me, I'm not even sure that's where it came from or what {D: singletree workers} {D: work on mules} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And she hook that thing in there and she'd put her beans uh peas uh something she's wanting to cook slow Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And they'd cook cook 'em in that pot there on that and I've seen 'em {D: my uncle} {NS} uncle {B} come from Alabama lived with us moved back with us and lived with us. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh after we got up {D: later} and uh {D: I'd go he'd go boy come over and eat} {D: supper with me he he was old} when I say old I thought he's old he was seventy years old about I was a kid like you know and I enjoy he'd want to go possum hunting. At night. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And he'd beg me said {D: to Johnny when you get} get through milking don't go eat supper now said {D: Betty that's his wife} she'll have supper cooked for us and we'll get two or three good possums {D: tonight} So I go out and she cooks she had a uh uh thing oven thing oven called like iron and and cooked 'em made that stuff bread stuff and cooked it on in the fire. Interviewer: Yeah. Did that have little legs on it? 330: Uh-huh. Interviewer: That oven? 330: Yeah. Cooked it in there and that was the best bread I thought I'd ever eaten in my life. {D: from ten years since then} And she'd cook us stuff right on that meat stuff right in that thing on that fire. Interviewer: What'd you call that bread do you remember? 330: {C: tape overlaid} Uh I just wouldn't know. Hardly hardly asked uh I'd call it a hoecake. But I don't remember if that's exactly what she called 'em that hoecake I thought best bread I just all together you know just great big thing in that oven and a big rack of skillet big thing and sitting in that fire. And she just make up this corn bread stir it up make it up and pour it in there and put a top on it. And cook it so long and make it was it tasted as good as cake to me. I really enjoyed it. Really enjoyed it. Then after we'd get through eating our supper we'd go {C: tape overlaid} get us a lantern that's all we had, didn't have a flashlight {X} take this lantern old {D: coal light lantern} {D: dog a tree} and he set the lantern on my head and asked me if I could get his eyes possum up in the tree Interviewer: Yeah 330: {NW} I'd say I got him I got him whoa don't shoot yet, don't shoot yet wait wait let me tell you when to shoot John you're getting you're trying to get too quick now son, just wait let me tell you when to pull the trigger. He'd say you see his eyes now? I'd say yeah. Pull the trigger! Uh I {X} possum would hit us on the head {X} {D: come out of that} and I killed a coon one time like that. Dog tree I didn't know it was a coon thought it was a possum. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And uh I had it lying on my head and I I said I can't get but one eye! {D: you seen one eye} cuz that's that don't sound like a possum, John, that sounds like a coon. I said one eye's all I'm getting. Interviewer: Well I guess that 330: He he wouldn't let you get coons unless you see one time he liked possums. And uh so we he said look good now I'll tell you when to shoot. {D: say} I said well I- I- I'll I'll shoot one eye I ain't gonna he ain't never showed me the other one. I don't see but one eye. He said pull the trigger. I I shot me the biggest coon like hit us on the head you ever seen me {B} {D: that named after} that's a coon, t- ain't a possum and it was a grand big coon. {D: ring necked coon} tell you a ring tail coon. Interviewer: How did you shoot holding that lantern on your head? 330: I he held the lantern Interviewer: Yeah but 330: he held the lantern and I held the gun. He had the lantern sitting right on top of my head take my hat off set the lantern up on my head and I had to sight up that straight up in the tree that gun with that light {X} too much light now if we had good lights like you do now they I've got a light in there my kids give me look like a freight train. Just click a button on now if we'd had a light like that we could really hunt but we didn't have it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: We'd go fishing here in our {X} he was the best fisherman I ever saw. Every time we'd come up the rain, get the creeks muddy he'd want to go catch us a mess of fish. And he'd catch 'em just as fast as you could pull the hook in. I couldn't get 'em back mine I'd make {X} one with him you know he'd fix me one I never could catch one. I didn't know how. But he'd catch a great big string of catfish every time we'd go. {D: but he just liked to} do it when he's young you know Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And he poor fellow was the first fellow I ever seen die of cancer and he great big man he'd tell me, I can remember this as well as if it was yesterday he said Johnny I've got to leave my flesh away says I'll live quite a while but says I'm gonna die, I'm gonna leave y'all and I says um {X} you don't know that you don't know when you're gonna die he says yes I do. {X} he had waited on the world of people that's what he {D: fact of most what he did} {D: was set those folks and wait on 'em bunch of day} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And and then he had said people said had cancer he told me he knew and he knew he had it. Well he did. He lived on till he wasn't as big as nothing. When he finally died. Just lived his did it like everything got where he couldn't eat got where long time couldn't eat couldn't keep nothing on his stomach you know just kept falling off falling off till finally he died. Interviewer: Mm. 330: That's a awful way to die that was that cancer but they there's a lot of 'em you know look like me that well we didn't hear as much about it back then when I was a little fellow. Sixty years ago well you do now we looks like all our family's old dying now with it you know just world of people dying. Some of 'em young too you don't have to be an old person now to have cancer and die. My school teacher, the one I was telling you about a little I was standing in her her husband died with it had leukemia, didn't live no time, I didn't even know he was sick. And he died just right now. Interviewer: Okay um talking about a a fireplace that um the black stuff that forms in the chimney 330: Soot? Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you burn something down completely all that would be left would be 330: Ashes. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay let me see the chimney would you call what if you had something sorta like that um in a factory you know that the smoke goes through? 330: {D: a smokestack} Interviewer: Okay. Is that that the same type of thing 330: Factory yeah used to when I would go to town on a wagon we'd haul tobacco stuff down there {D: them smokes} uh way big smoke pipes. And they's burning coal stuff you know and you'd see they come out smoking {D: bawl out 'em} early in the morning they'd light 'em up you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And they'd {D: tell you the truth about it all Nashville} would be covered up in smoke. That's how everything was heated you know burning coal and everybody used it of course. Smoke pipe. {NS} Stack, smoke stack. That's what they called it. #1 Pipe # Interviewer: #2 Smoke # 330: Smoke stack pipe. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Okay. Um and talk about kinds of furniture um what would you call this thing that I'm sitting in now? 330: Well that's a it's just a rocking chair or kind of a rocking chair living room chair something I don't {X} This is what I'd really call a rocking chair. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And that's just a living room chair I reckon you could call it course you {D: some rock in it} {D: rock in it} but I'd call this a rocking chair right here.{NS: knocking} Interviewer: What what about something longer than a chair that two or three people can sit on? 330: Sofa? Interviewer: Okay. Any other names for that, or different types, or 330: devonette I guess some of 'em might call it {X} do do they call 'em devonettes? Interviewer: Yeah I've heard that word. Is that 330: I believe I've heard someone call it I I've always called it sofa see we had one over there sitting over there against the wall Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And lots of 'em made I don't know lots of 'em had well you can turn it down and make a bed out of it you know I expect you've seen those, haven't you? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Just pull 'em down if you ever have some extra company need a bed just pull it down put your mattress on it spring you know let 'em sleep on it. {X} Interviewer: Okay what about um the furniture you might have in your bedroom to it has drawers in it you put clothes in it. 330: Chest of drawers. {X} Uh uh well you used used to used to have a old {NS} we didn't have {X} you know like you said about that and you'd have these things to may uh {NS} uh {D: wash stand} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And ch- an- chest of drawers. Interviewer: What about something that did the same thing as a closet that you you know you hang your clothes up in 330: Hmm that was a Interviewer: But it's not built in 330: Mm I know it I know what you're talking about I can't can't think of what called it then. It was a uh wa- I guess it's a wardrobe. Wardrobe. I guess. Wardrobe. Interviewer: Okay what about something that had a mirror to it? 330: That was a that's just like a mine in the in the in the room here now that's a dresser. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Dresser. Interviewer: Okay and um what general name would you have for uh tables and chairs and sofa and beds so forth you'd call that 330: Well uh {NS} you'd have {NS} dining room set for your kitchen and and uh I mean dining room uh course we have one in our dining room and then we have one in the kitchen too table dining room chairs and we used to eat in the kitchen but we we had extra company we'll eat in the dining room just in here we have here for that too in the in the china ca- cabinet but the kitchen I mean dining room and then the kitchen you have we got uh shelves made you know used to used to be kitchen cabinets. Old time my mother all we had was a kitchen cabinet. She stored her dishes and stuff in it. But now you know there are we got cabinets built around the wall in the kitchen all around and they pull open you know put this and that in it you know Interviewer: Did you ever have a little room built off the kitchen? To put canned goods in and dishes in? 330: No I never have had a we never have had to here now like I said up home they had a they had a great big old thing in the back in the kitchen Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh she kept all her cooking stuff and Interviewer: What'd you call that? 330: I I can't I think she called it a cupboard. I believe that's what she called it. It was a cupboard. Cupboard. Interviewer: Was it a little room or just a 330: Great big old piece of furniture set back Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: had to fit in the corner. Just fit fit tight kinda in the corner latched it like it was a just kinda {X} well it would really bring some money one of those old things it would now you know you'd have to clean it up you know take it out it'd really bring. And my mother had uh uh her daddy give her a clock uh they were there it had two girls and a boy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And those clocks you might be interested in, I never did see nothing like it before. But you wind 'em up with a big weight. Interviewer: Hmm. 330: Just wind 'em up with a big weight go up there and top is locked and it runs twenty to twenty-four hours {D: with get down} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Then you wind him up again. And he had a watch his watch he fought in the war with he give it to his son my uncle Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And it had a key. Only watch I ever saw in my life had a key to it to wind up. To wind that watch up with. {D: I thought that was something sure enough} Interviewer: What war was he were you referring to? 330: th- th- that was when they fighting the Northerners to free the slaves he was fighting. Interviewer: That's really way back there. 330: That's that's right. Yeah. Now that that great big watch he kept perfect time Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And I'll never forget it, he told me he told 'em all over time he wanted to boy to have a watch and his girls to have a clock each one have a clock and that's where he got 'em. {X} my my mother died not too old {D: and then my step} {D: father married another} woman she tore that clock up and {D: sell knew I had it} {D: come out} wanting to buy it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: After {C: tape overlaid} but she she made her medicine we kept it out of it she said she wanted it she took all the works out of it Interviewer: Mm. 330: made a medicine medicine cabinet out of it. I took we had that old watch now {D: they're like bells} I got that old bell last me I never have put it up I don't know what you'd call it. I bought it but I never have put that I I think they give a hundred dollar picture big old bell red big old line bell you put 'em up on a post have a wire to it you {X} my mother would come out catch that wire pull it {X} great big kno- uh thing inside of it you know swing down hits each side when it comes up Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Ding dong dingling at you and the mules go to braying they know their dinner time when they that bell was ringing you know {D: you couldn't they'd run to the end} {X} our mules would. That may sound funny to you but uh that's uh that's the sure truth. They just you couldn't hold 'em in the field when the bell rang. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They'd know it was dinner time was quitting. {X} thing I ever seen in my life. Interviewer: Well they didn't get fed now did they? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: You fed the mules? 330: Yeah took them put 'em in the barn {X} give 'em let 'em you know return to {X} take 'em put 'em in the barn and give 'em corn. Interviewer: What um say this is something that you might have hanging in the window to keep the the sun out something you can pull down. 330: Window shade? Interviewer: Okay that's just one solid piece of 330: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Window shade. Interviewer: Okay um and what would you call a lot of old worthless things that you're about to throw out? 330: Throw out of what place Interviewer: Oh just just say something just old worthless furniture it's no just no good anymore you just say that it's nothing but a piece of 330: Junk? Interviewer: Okay. And what would you call a room where you use to store just odds and ends you know things that you didn't need particularly. 330: Uh I well that's like I said that's what way we did up by my dad we called it attic ours was I guess you could say down in the basement Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Cuz we got everything our fruit {X} have all kinds of ice flavors stuff anything we don't freeze you know first time we put all our fruit pumpkins taters sweets {X} and kraut everything in the world down in the basement. But the attic and then there we done my mother there we had good basement up there and we kept that stuff down in that down in the ground, basement up there and you could keep it in here I keep stuff you don't want down there in the basement. {X} {D: spring here come and go sprouting} good time to come up be planning to come up but it it'd keep just as good as {X} {X} and my mother used to my step mother and mother both used to keep in that basement now {X} had step going down in it we just dig our taters and put 'em down there have 'em all year. Interviewer: Mm. How'd you get from the it had what going down in it? 330: Steps. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Had had steps. Concrete steps going down into the basement. Interviewer: Would you use that same word steps to talk about going from the first story to the second story? 330: Upstairs? Interviewer: Yeah. Would you use the word steps? 330: I guess so we {C: tape overlaid} {NS} {NS} {D: let's see somebody's there uh} yeah uh {D: stairway} now let me see how how did you ask that now? About the steps? Going going where? Interviewer: Ups- to the second floor. 330: Mm-hmm. Yeah stair stairway steps. That's what we called those. Interviewer: What about outside say for the porch? To the 330: House like we had up there? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well {NS} here's what this we had a a big porch and concrete steps coming up on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh my father stayed out there on it our front porch he stayed that's where he sat {D: sat on down to read the paper come in} he get the paper sat there rest the day and read. He done got old you know, he didn't have to do nothing and he he sat out on that paper and my mother went {NS} down the {X} course I don't know whether you're interested {X} uh {D: well} {D: had some} nephews and {D: live in hands they would} work with me all the time {D: you and me} {D: Sam who did all the work} my nephews were going to school. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh my brother died {X} and uh they they we moved them around the house with 'em and they was living with me. My sister in law and my nephews little boys. And one of 'em they bought a car they got I got to letting him raise a little tobacco too and uh so they bought him a car. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And this hand well they had a lot of fun out and they thought a lot of it. And them boys would pick at him, they lived close together. Two houses were close together. One where my sister in law lived, and this hand. And uh {C: tape overlaid} just one of those boys asked him says {C: tape overlaid} can you drive a car, Dick? {D: cuz we called him Dick} {D: think it was Richard} he said sure yeah. Sure yeah I can drive one. So this nephew of mine started up and told him to {D: take off} my daddy set up on that porch we had a picture of it for years I don't know where that {D: some of it} {D: mighta been here oh what} but he he {D: cocked the seat up over one of those big holes} and sit there and drive back in the rocking chair you know and read {D: and that's where he sat} right close to that concrete step now great big step coming up into the the middle of the porch {D: and this} {D: car} {D: flew} and and it run up over the second or third step {D: about the guys} {D: he fell about out of the chair and he} {D: all the laughing} you ain't never heard laughing {D: and this boy} pull his hands loose from the wheel he just {D: froze} {D: was locked tight} {X} And he scared 'em to death {X} scared him so bad like to die Interviewer: {NW} Okay um did you have a porch on the second floor? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Did you have a porch on the second floor? 330: No I bet I come out up there on the on the second up on the top of that porch Aux: Some of 'em did though. 330: Huh? Yeah no we didn't have one is what I'm saying. But I come out on the top of that porch many a time. Got out on it. Done stuff. It just it just come right up to them windows up there. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Then like I told you they had a attic {D: there's one on up} another story but we'd all we'd use was put the junk stuff in it up there we never did go up in there did nothing but put junk in it. I'm going out on that porch lot of time. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Do stuff every {D: almost class} you know, I'd get out there Interviewer: Were there different names for different types of porches? Like a porch on the second floor or little porch off the back door, or 330: Yeah back porches and front porches There's {X} any about I guess would be a that little porch would be called something different if you had one you know come out that second story I don't know what it'd how they'd ba- well it'd be a balcony porch I guess wouldn't it. Balcony Aux: I never heard of 330: Huh? Aux: {NW} 330: {X} It had to be if you called it a {D: porch it'd have to be from a} it'd come out from up top. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I guess it would be a balcony. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Okay talking about daily house work you'd say that a woman does what every morning? To her house? She has to 330: First thing she has to cook the breakfast meal. And uh wash the dishes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And she cleans cleans up the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And and my wife {D: has me milk} Aux: Everybody don't have to do that. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And uh then she {D: has her weave and has her hands} and then she usually go to making preparation about cooking for those hands get on up and for dinner time. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: we usually have two or three hands every day we feed workers for us on the farm. {X} Highest ten twelve at a time but most time just two or three something like that. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux: {D: I had six yesterday} Interviewer: What about um years ago on Monday what kinda work did women do? 330: {D: washed} I'd say that about the real thing after they got through Aux: Was breakfast 330: Breakfast. {D: say were all washed} {D: only thing I ever knew of} Interviewer: What about Tuesday? 330: Well Aux: I had those clothes washed the day before. 330: They would they would get 'em done they would do the ironing I guess you'd say . Interviewer: Would you have a word for um doing this washing and ironing together is there another word for that? Aux: Not that you know of. Interviewer: {NW} 330: Well I guess {X} uh-huh Interviewer: Okay um and the thing 330: I guess ironing Interviewer: The thing that you sweep with, what do you call that? 330: Broom? Interviewer: Okay. Um suppose the broom were in the corner and the door were open so that the door were sort of hiding the broom you'd say that the broom was 330: And and and behind the door? Interviewer: Okay. And um if the door was open and you didn't want it that way, you'd ask someone to 330: To move it. Interviewer: Okay if the if the door is open Aux: Close the door. Interviewer: and 330: Oh you meant you mean the door was open I didn't want it like that tell 'em to close it. Interviewer: Okay or another word you might use is Aux: Shut it. 330: Shut. Shut the door. Interviewer: Okay. Um and what do you call the boards that lap over each other on the outside of the house like this 330: Shingles? Interviewer: Okay but on the outside. I mean on the 330: Siding? Aux: No no on wood. {D: summer} what do you call that? Like you put on a barn. 330: {C: tape overlaid} Aux: {D: you don't have anything to do with that} You don't call it siding, you call it um 330: Boxes? Interviewer: You ever what's the 330: #1 Weatherboard? # Aux: #2 Weatherboard. # Weatherboard. {X} 330: {D: weatherboard, shingle house down here we} shingles and the weatherboard lot of 'em is weatherboard Aux: Weatherboard is what she's trying to do though #1 She said {X} # 330: #2 Weatherboard is what # Interviewer: Yeah is that different from siding? 330: Mm-hmm. Aux: Lay down 330: Weatherboard {X} {X} most uh was out of poplar. And uh back way back {X} Aux: It was in siding it's made some some of it out of aluminum and some out of that uh uh those asbestos shingles 330: Well uh the that Aux: But the 330: weatherboard was Aux: siding made out of aluminum you see. 330: No, weatherboard. Aux: Oh well it's long 330: Siding Aux: I know, just like 330: {D: shed you with like mine did} {X} shingled. And they have two or three different kinds of stuff. {X} shingles where the shingles are Then I don't know it brick some people like brick and I want to {X} I want shingles on a building. I still ain't {D: decided by the way} I could I'll uh I'll come out {X} {D: basement where we could lay brick} {D: if we ever wanted to break the earth} blocks you know, where you just {X} Did I get did I get you right the weatherboard and what you're really interested in? Interviewer: Yeah I think you answered that. Um what do you 330: Saw it you saw it into thin one edge the other you just lay up in you drop back an inch Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And you tack it. Aux: {X} 330: Laps in that's what you you just run then you paint it they paint it you know. {NS} Interviewer: Okay what what do you um call the top part of the house you call that the 330: Roof. Interviewer: Okay. And what about the um things on the edge of the roof that carry the water off? 330: Gutters? Interviewer: Okay. Is that built on, or built into it, or 330: No, you just uh it's uh got a little things that goes back up under there and and attach it on those shingles Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: holds it at that gutters. And they run the water off of it used to years ago there wasn't any didn't see no gutters on the especially in the country you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: But now everybody every home is I reckon built with gutters on it. Put gutters I know that my daddy's home didn't have no gutters on it. Aux: Just poured all the way around. 330: Come on off {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Okay what if you have a house in an L um what do you call the place where the two come together 330: Uh L Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Um valley is it a valley? I've heard it before {D: fixing a valley in a roof} {C: tape overlaid} 330: Well it's you talking about the roof joining coming {D: build two different} sections of it and and Interviewer: No on the roof 330: On the roof? Oh well that would be a Aux: I thought they called it a valley. 330: Well you do have a valley for a you know your your put a drain Aux: {X} 330: {D: drain can have} put that in and they tuck your shingles in {D: and run it off} I don't think you call that a valley. Interviewer: Okay um 330: Course I hope {X} and we'd put that metal up that up this call that gutter like up there then and then they were shingles come out on it you know and then the water runs through down that {X} gutter. I guess it'd be a valley. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Okay um what did you call outdoor toilets? 330: {D: capital I do} Interviewer: What's that? 330: Capital. Aux: Privy 330: Privies. Capital I always call it a capital. Privy When I went to school down here the girls had one we we never did have one down there. {X} {X} Aux: thing you said Interviewer: Yeah I got it. You never had a Aux: {X} 330: We went to the bushes. Back there in the bushes {X} my teacher {X} Why I don't see why they had one Aux: She didn't ask you all that, she just a- asked you what she asked you {NW} 330: The girls had one. Down there but the boys we didn't have one we had go back there in the bushes. Aux: {D: when I went to school with my mama was like a} 330: {X} Aux: Eight years is not much different. 330: We ca- most days we called 'em capitals, I {D: privies} Interviewer: Any joking words? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Any joking words? Aux: Yeah what {NW} 330: Well I I don't know of nothing {X} {C: tape overlaid} {X} {D: they were home} back then most of 'em I guess there were they had some kind of one of 'em some kind of another you know for the home. Most people called it privies I don't know {D: in their homes} Interviewer: Okay what would you call the building where you store corn? 330: Crib. Interviewer: Okay what about a building or a part of a building where you'd store grain? 330: Well there there's bins they got the bins store grain in uh you could store it in the crib. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: You know. But they got a regular metal bin now that people can buy store the beans or wheat or something other blow it in there keeps it the wheat I never got too many cribs down at the barn I'd st- used to put corn in 'em and I still buy feed put in 'em. Interviewer: Did you always have bins? Was there another 330: They got three bins, yeah I got a green {D: right yonder in back} {D: folks used to live here} {D: grew a} enormous amount of wheat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And the {X} cribs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Where they could store I'd say you could store several thousand bushels. Interviewer: Was this granary? 330: I got a granary right here, yeah. Interviewer: What's that? like 330: It's got a great big it's just a building small building and it's got two {X} I called 'em bins {D: got a partition between 'em} and uh they'll hold I'd say they'd hold oh five hundred bushels each one of 'em would side {C: tape overlaid} and then you got things down in it {D: the basement this one had a basement} and the one time was a was a man and his wife lived in there had a baby lived in there down at the the bottom of it {D: had a pipe} they run out the window cut the metal put it in there and they cooked and lived in that granary. Down in the bottom of it. {X} ever I seen. I used to play ball with 'em. {X} {X} And those those fine things those things they had it down there where you just hook your sack up and just fill up the sack push thing back {D: back there} close it up and just take it out and tie it then hook it up again {D: right atop another} Interviewer: How how would they load it? From the side or the top 330: {D: had a door} and load it down at the bottom just pull up outside the door and just pitch 'em on the truck or wagon course it's all wagon then wasn't a thing as a truck. Interviewer: Where would you store hay? 330: In the loft. Barn back mine in back years ago we all called 'em lofts nowadays they building 'em now {D: kinda expenses} they just they just put up shelves. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: and stack a hay store it on the ground over here then there'd be a little rack over here for the cow feed the cows {D: each side of it} side over here that's way they build most of the barns now. See and they don't cost too much that loft costs a lot, just like building a two story house you know, it adds a lot of extra money expense to it. Interviewer: What do they call these things that they build now? 330: Uh they just call 'em I uh cow cow sheds, the cow barn, I don't {X} Interviewer: That they keep hay in? 330: Mm-hmm just {D: start on ground I got} {NS} sister-in-law up there we go {X} {D: we've ever been} we just start back up there and start unloading 'em on the ground and just just kinda go up there and {X} top of the shed now they don't build 'em too high you know {D: go up on the shed} And then and then he uh winter come, they got racks built inside and he lift throw that hay over there in the racks cows go in there and eat. Interviewer: What about if you had too much hay to put in the barn? 330: Stack it outside. Interviewer: You'd call that a haystack? 330: Mm-hmm. Stacking it Interviewer: Yeah. You ever heard of a hayrick? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: What's that? 330: Well {D: they} uh back years ago we hold hay loose Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh well there to tell the truth about it there wasn't a heap of people just didn't have a barn or {X} {D: lots of folks didn't have room to take care of one} {D: six to eight loads of hay} in their little barns and uh they would stack it outside. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {D: a rick it one} some of 'em called it Ricking would be making a big one, a stack we we'd dig a hole, I've done it a million times Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Uh dig a hole in the ground and uh cut a pole about oh twelve foot deep or tall I'd say maybe fifteen and dig a hole and put it down in there about two feet and then we'd uh {NS} just take this hay and {D: come up out of the wagon} {D: throw it off and I'd} sit on the ground just place it round the corners all around me keep working around that pole and keep it tight round the pole so we'd keep {X} and they spring that hay would be just as sound as it would if it had been in the barn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It'd just turn, we'd have it like {D: just turned right off} {X} Interviewer: This was a stack 330: A stack well we'd just we'd just make a big block same way and come up on it like that on top and it it would drain off each way corner just like a house does. Interviewer: Wait which is the the stack you'd have the pole in the middle. 330: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What about the rick? 330: Well I've said we we'd make a a {D: real long} real long uh uh a stack of hay just like across this room here and we'd stack it just keep going up the {D: going about where we're going to make it shorter} {D: to drain it} and then we'd go to bring it in grab a bring 'em in {X} and up top we'd we'd run up a sharp point like and that run water off. Interviewer: So it's not going around a circle? 330: It'd just just run off like coming off a house now. Interviewer: You said the shoulder? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Shoulder the is that the point? 330: That's where we'd start and make it going to a point like. The shoulder we'd put say we'd put ten loads with hay in it main part of it and then we'd say well that's going to be about we ain't got so many more loads, we'll just cap off with them fix it then we start a shingling back, bringing 'em up coming on up then let it be right sharp like up in the top and that's what it really {D: threw it away but now you can keep it} {NS} I kept hay the other way but it wasn't as good as good a way as the other way was with a pole. Interviewer: So you didn't have a pole at all? 330: Hmm? No not that rick. Interviewer: You didn't have anything. 330: Didn't have anything at all. Just a I made I have a a post up Aux: Some people did though 330: You could throw you could throw some brakes down if you wanted to but they Aux: Yeah but I've seen I've passed places where you have that pole {D: you can see part of it} 330: What? Aux: A pole. {X} 330: {X} stack but this other rick is a different {X} a big rick Aux: Well I thought that's what she was talking about. 330: We talked about it. I told her stack we had a pole, dug a hole and put down in the stack Mr John why old man learned me how to do that when I was just a kid. Aux: They didn't bale hay like then 330: It was all loose, kinda loose in the barn but many barns my father had big barn tops whole world of hay but uh many folks lot most people didn't have barn with a hold more than we had a man lived there next to my neighbor my daddy he had hay I best say out that twenty years in them stacks. He wouldn't ever sell one. He'd trade it neat He'd just keep putting 'em up new ones {X} Interviewer: What um you know when you first cut the hay and you let it dry and everything um what do you call the little piles of hay that you rake up you know and then take a pitchfork 330: Well shock 'em, we called 'em shocks we used to shock it when you're hauling it loose and now we wind windrow it for the baler you see. {D: have a side rake} runs out there now and just turned like that just picks it up rows it over and then the baler comes along and bales it. They crimp 'em now, my boy crimp 'em now he crimp and you can the sun is shining you can bale it in twenty-four hours. After you crimp mash the juice out of it it just dries up right now used to it'd take three three days at least maybe four days before you could bale it you just cut it down with all the juice in it you know leave it there to dry. Interviewer: What where did you keep horses? 330: Horses? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Stables. Interviewer: What about hogs? 330: I well I got a shed I kept my {X} all the hogs I have is just uh killing purpose I buy me some {X} pigs and pigs keep 'em I've got a little house just sleep on 'em and I just let 'em run out there in the lot and they come up and I feed 'em. Interviewer: What what lot goes around the barn or 330: Mm-hmm. Round folks's barn have a little barn lot for the hogs Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you call a place where people have um milk and butter that they a farm where they just have this milk and butter and sell it you know 330: Creamery? Interviewer: Okay but a big place now. 330: Huh? Interviewer: You call that what kinda farm? 330: Um well uh wholesale house I guess or uh like uh pure milk company and {X} selled it you talking about selling big quantity of it? Interviewer: Yeah. Where they have a lot of cows that they milk 330: Oh a dairy? Big big big well they call that a let's see honey what would you call a big dairy uh you know Interviewer: Well that okay that's what I'm getting is that word dairy. 330: Hmm? Interviewer: That word dairy? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: What what does that mean exactly? Do you ever use that word for talking about anything else besides a kinda farm? 330: No I don't not as I know of. {D: I know it could've been used now} It's uh {NS} big milk companies we got a bunch of milk companies now that's all changed like it did it's not like it used to be {D: they'll buy} now they got uh producers uh tell you they'll call these companies you send it off just just like I {D: fool sensational} and uh milk producer and they'll call pure milk companies they'll call judges farm or they call Annie the call this whatever the whole bunch of different milk companies now ask 'em how much milk they want. {D: well seven ton you see} producer {X} where you take your milk to and at that producer's and they sell it for you at these companies where I we used to load it up on the trucks and it went to we sold to a few milk companies. {X} and unload it. But now get it to producers and uh they'll call a few companies and ask 'em how much you want and they {D: care come} {D: same time} and they charge a percent out of it {X} {X} Interviewer: Okay what what would you call a place where you left the the animals go out to graze 330: Pasture? Interviewer: Okay um and let's see did you did you ever raise any cotton?