330: {X} Interviewer: So you but you're not sure? 330: No I I've done this done slipped me {X} seems true I don't I've never hadn't told nothing like that but I have heard people way back old time talking about {X} you know {X} and they they couldn't get a doctor in there just an old lady to come. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I heard 'em talking about it. {C: tape overlaid here} Interviewer: Okay and one has the same color hair same color eyes that his father has same {X} nose and so forth you'd say the boy 330: was the image of his father. Interviewer: Okay. Any other way you'd say that? 330: Well just like his dad. Interviewer: Okay. would you say takes after, resembles, 330: #1 resembles # Interviewer: #2 or looks like? # 330: takes after his father. Interviewer: Okay. What if you don't necessarily look like him but he has the same behavior? 330: #1 As his # Interviewer: #2 Same # 330: father? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well he had some of his father's habits. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: I'd say he don't uh he doesn't don't look exactly look like him but takes {D: after him} Interviewer: What if it's bad that he does? If his father wasn't {X} 330: Well his father was cruel, is that too much it's bad he just maybe he has some of his good habits uh I hope well of course naturally I hope he don't have the bad habits. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I I I know I wouldn't want mine to have the bad habits. And I guess you'd just say just he he has some maybe has some of his bad features features or something. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay look um so if the mother's looked after three children until they're all grown up you'd say that she's what three children she's 330: She's uh has raised three children. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Grew them to be women I'd say girls grown people. she looked at 'em watched after 'em. Interviewer: Okay. Um if a child was misbehaving you'd say, "Now if you do that again you're gonna get a..." 330: Whipping. Interviewer: Okay. Any other word for that? Any other expression? 330: Uh if you don't mind now I'm gonna have to I'm gonna have to get a hold of you something or another {X} if you don't do something right get a hold of it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But I'd say best would be best thing would be to say if you don't mind, I'm gonna whip you. If you don't #1 quit # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: doing something. Interviewer: Okay um a child that's born to a woman that's not married you'd call that child a 330: {X} illegitimate child. illegitimate Interviewer: Okay any other word you may have heard people say? 330: well let's uh yeah a {D: wild woods kid} Interviewer: A what? 330: I've heard 'em say {NW} {D: woods colt} I don't know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You ever heard that? I've heard 'em say woods colt. Interviewer: Yeah. Anything else? Wasn't very nice maybe to say, or 330: uh Interviewer: you heard people say? Did people use the word bastard? 330: Yeah yeah I've heard 'em say #1 that # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Is that not is that a 330: #1 I I I # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: yeah I wouldn't want to use it as a saying but I've heard 'em say that, a bastard child. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay um talk about the word "loving." You say, "James is a loving child but Peggy is even..." 330: {X} Interviewer: Okay. But talk about "loving," so you say, "James is loving but Peggy is even..." 330: Uh uh more Interviewer: More loving than 330: More loving I guess. Interviewer: Okay. Um so your brother's son would be called your 330: My brother's son? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Would be called my my boy. I guess. Interviewer: Okay um wouldn't be your niece, it'd be your 330: Child. Interviewer: You wouldn't he wouldn't be your niece, he'd be your 330: You talking about my son you talking about? Interviewer: Yes. 330: Oh. Interviewer: Your your brother's son. 330: Oh yeah yeah yeah be my nephew. Yeah I I just I didn't really get the point of what you Interviewer: Yeah. Okay a child that's lost both parents is called a 330: Orphan. Interviewer: Okay. 330: {C: tape overlaid here} Interviewer: And the person appointed to look after the orphan is called a 330: Guard a guardian. Interviewer: Huh? 330: Guardian. Interviewer: Okay. And a woman who gives a party and invites all the people that are related to her you'd say she asked all her 330: Friends no her kin people her related or something I don't know exactly. You said she invited all the people Interviewer: That are related 330: related to her. She asked all her all the kin people I guess. Interviewer: Okay. Any other word for that? 330: Well it'd be all her folks I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. Um you'd say well she has the same family name and she looks a little bit like me but actually I'm no 330: Has the same family name? Interviewer: And she looks like me but actually we're no 330: No kin. Interviewer: Okay. Um somebody comes into town and nobody's ever seen him before. You'd say that he's a 330: Stranger. Interviewer: Okay. What if he comes from a different country? 330: He's a he's a foreigner. Interviewer: Okay. um {D: the names of some names} um the name of the mother of Jesus 330: Huh? Interviewer: The name of the mother of Jesus. 330: Uh Mary. Interviewer: Okay. And George Washington's wife. 330: Martha. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you ever heard the song "wait till the sun shines?" 330: Song "wait till the #1 sun shines?" # Interviewer: #2 "sun shines," yeah. # 330: Yeah I believe I have #1 been a long time, I # Interviewer: #2 What's his name? # 330: I don't I I couldn't tell you I believe I've heard "wait till the sun shines," I don't it's been so long I don't know what to call it. Interviewer: Um it's a nickname for Helen starting with an N. 330: Helen? Interviewer: Yes. Starts with an N. {NS} 330: Nickname for Helen. I just don't know I couldn't couldn't figure that out. {X} Interviewer: What about Nellie? 330: About what? Interviewer: Nellie? Nellie? 330: Nellie. Interviewer: Nellie the girl? 330: Oh yeah yeah {X} I can't even hear what you're saying {NS} {X} {NS} {NS} {NS} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} Interviewer: Okay um nickname for a boy named William. 330: Bill. Interviewer: Okay or Bill 330: Huh? Interviewer: What do you call a male goat? 330: Male goat? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Ram. Interviewer: Okay or a 330: A billy or I mean a male goat billy and a ram is a sheep yeah I got {X} Interviewer: Okay um the who wrote the first of the four gospels? goes something Mark Luke and John 330: {X} I couldn't tell you to save my life. Interviewer: starts Ma- 330: Matthew? Interviewer: Okay. Um a woman who conducts school is called a 330: Uh conducts it? Teacher? Interviewer: Okay. What'd you call 'em when you went to school? 330: I well I called 'em I called her my teacher. Interviewer: Okay. You never heard school schoolmarm or school ma'am or anything like that? 330: Uh-uh. {X} Interviewer: Okay. Um this is a common family name. It's it's the name of a barrel maker. It's a family name. 330: Family name. Family name. Interviewer: You ever heard of Cooper, a cooper? 330: {D: a cooper} Interviewer: Yes. Did you ever hear that? 330: I don't I don't remember if I'd ever heard it before. Not as I not as I remember. Interviewer: And what would you call a married woman by that name? 330: A married woman by her {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Call her her husband would be Mr she'd Cooper, she'd be 330: Mrs Cooper. Interviewer: Okay or you'd just call her missus? 330: Just Ms Cooper. Interviewer: Okay. Um a preacher that's not really trained doesn't have a regular pulpit, he sorta preaches here and there, not a real preacher, you might call him a what 330: {NS} {NW} Wasn't a real preacher just a substitute preacher like {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} wasn't ordained to preach. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I guess you'd call him a just a kind of a speaker. Interviewer: Yeah. Do you ever use the word "jackleg" or "yard ax" for {X} preacher? 330: Well {NW} I've heard that said about a lot of 'em that preaches Interviewer: Yeah? 330: something like that about 'em. Interviewer: What's that? 330: About 'em being a jackleg preacher. That's what a lot of people says about {D: second} preachers there. Interviewer: How what does that word mean? 330: Just what wasn't any good at it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: what I'm saying. Interviewer: Would you use the word about something other than a preacher? 330: About the jackleg? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Jackleg oh I bet I've seen jacklegs of all trades. Try to be do something of everything, you know? Call 'em jackleg {X} Did you ever hear that? Interviewer: Yeah. Jack uh jack 330: {X} Jacklegs of all trades. hey Interviewer: Would you talk about a jackleg teacher, jackleg lawyer? 330: Mm-hmm. Yeah. Interviewer: What about jackleg mechanic? 330: Uh we have them too I'd say. Interviewer: Would you say jackleg to that? 330: Well there wouldn't be no good one {X} I'd call 'em something like jackleg Interviewer: yeah 330: Till they got uh better training or something you know. Or just a or just a I don't know {D: fakeout} And I think we got more jacklegs than we have mechanics, too. Interviewer: {NW} Um what relation would my mother's sister be to me? 330: Uh your mother's sister? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 Your aunt. # Interviewer: Okay. Um the name of the wife of Abraham 330: I couldn't I couldn't tell I couldn't say for my life {X} Interviewer: It's a girl's name starting with an S. 330: Uh her name starts with S? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or Sally is a nickname for 330: Oh Sally is {X} Interviewer: Yeah it's a nickname for what? 330: Sally is? Interviewer: Sa- 330: Sarah. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Sarah. Interviewer: Um okay the if someone's nicknamed Bill his full name is 330: Someone nicknamed Bill is William, full name William. Interviewer: Okay if your had a brother by that name you'd call him 330: Uncle Bill. Interviewer: or 330: Uh Uncle William. Interviewer: By his full name, call him by his full name, "Uncle..." 330: Uncle Uncle uh I'd call that name uh William or Bill. Interviewer: Uh-huh, William. 330: I called my uncle Bill. Interviewer: Okay. Um let's see what let's see the highest rank in the army. 330: A general Interviewer: Okay. What about a little bit lower than that? 330: Major. Interviewer: What else? 330: Well there's a there's a well of course sergeant's on down below that way down below it isn't it? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I guess a a lieutenant. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I'd say. Interviewer: The old man that introduced Kentucky Fried Chicken what's his? 330: Colonel. Interviewer: Colonel? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call the man in charge of a ship? 330: Uh yeah I can't think of anything in my life. Interviewer: C cap 330: Captain? Interviewer: Okay. Um did you ever hear that word used by colored people talking to white people? 330: About captain? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {X} They say that? 330: I heard 'em call cap many times so and so old cap old cap. Interviewer: Old cap? 330: Mm-hmm old cap called 'em old cap. I have a lot of 'em call me old cap. It says they think a lot of me you know Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They call me sit down and take your hat off call me old cap come out I'll talk to you. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You know they want something Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: you know when they come up like that} Yeah always wanting me to do something for 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. The man who presides over a court what do you call him? 330: He's attorney general. Interviewer: Okay yeah. 330: Or foreman. There's a foreman of the grand jury {X} course the guy who {X} court is a would be the attorney general wouldn't it? Interviewer: Yeah. Go back to the one who decides the case 330: Judge. Interviewer: Yes. You sound like you know pretty much about courts. 330: Hmm? Me? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I I ain't never been in court now don't get {NW} Interviewer: It's been what I was wondering when you said attorney general you just been watching Watergate? #1 A lot? learn with that or what? # 330: #2 {C: 330 mumbling sounds in denial of interviewer's statement} # No I never watched Watergate. I well I've seen it come on and I'd get up and go {X} and turn it off. Interviewer: {NW} 330: I told her I ain't gonna be watching it I ain't gonna do it. {X} ain't none of my business, I ain't had nothing to do with it I ain't too worried about it. Interviewer: Tell me huh? 330: {X} You take a judge had a lot to put up with and a lot of the times the judges caused a lotta this stuff. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It goes on they don't they don't get nothing {D: finally} {D: like mister} {X} before you came in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And and nothing that he did she's talking about {X} daughter down in there colored guy come out followed her around there the other night she got all worried. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh she finally got in the car {D: even got in the car} and locked the car and she sat sit there and he set and set and watched her. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: So finally she decided to start the drive round and go around the block or two Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 330: #2 something or other. # 330: then come back see if he's still around. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 And she # She then come back and he wasn't then she run on home. And she said there's gonna have to be something done about it. {X} asked me if I {X} I said I'd definitely do it. {C: tape overlaid} We gonna have to have something done you see before we can lay down and sleep. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: It's dangerous now to even uh I thought about it last night maybe somebody might stop you and do something to you you know you don't ever know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It's just awful. It ain't as bad in the country as it is in these big cities you know of course but still we have a lotta stuff go on. I tell you. And there's got to be something done with 'em not just arrest 'em then turn 'em loose don't they gonna just keep getting worse and worse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Robbing banks, steal robbing people. They're snatching people. I read about it this week {X} people were shopping and and those uh {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Why And they grabbed those poor women's pocketbooks and run with 'em take 'em out just check 'em off snatch 'em {X} snatch 'em. And that's all. You can't go in and look to try to buy you a dress or something or other you know without somebody one of them grabbing your Interviewer: Yeah. 330: purse. Course I wouldn't want to kill nobody for that but I mean there's a lot of things they do do and killing people and all like that I think you should take some of 'em's lives like #1 they took # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: that poor man and woman's life. And you know we didn't have things this bad back uh a few years ago it wasn't like this. It just got outta hand the last two or three years it got worse and worse. Interviewer: What would they do with people then? Well you had the electric chair. 330: Uh they well some of 'em gas 'em. Course {X} but now we passed a law {X} {X} {X} passed it you gonna they gonna kill 'em. For certain crimes you know. Interviewer: Yeah 330: I believe it's three or four crimes they do. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They will kill 'em. Interviewer: But when you were growing up they didn't gas 'em then did they? 330: No they they way back little when I was real small they they I uh you know they'd hang 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: But then they got to electrocuting 'em. And electrocuting 'em what they say is I don't know I never been in the penitentiary but they sit down in the chair they strap these things around 'em Interviewer: yeah 330: and they have a uh quite a lotta buttons and they have quite a several different ones push 'em or push a button and nobody knows which one pushed the right button {X} you #1 see. # Interviewer: #2 Hmm. # 330: Anyway nobody knows who killed him. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: So that wouldn't be too bad. I couldn't stand {D: folks who'd kill that way} kill him if I knew I killed him you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But uh well they well that's what they told me of course. Now I may be wrong but #1 I been # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: told that's the way it is in there. There are a whole bunch of buttons then and several punch a button but they don't know which one punched the right button. Interviewer: Yeah. So you um before before they had the electric chair murderers were {C: tape overlaid} 330: Well they'd just they they they they thought about a lot of stuff, you know and all and {D: nobody was really} gonna be something done with 'em. Put in the pen for life or kill 'em #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: something be done. Interviewer: If they tied a rope around 'em they were 330: Swung up hung Interviewer: they were 330: I've seen 'em hung. pictures of 'em where they're #1 hung # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: you know. {NS} You let one string up let 'em see it it it it'd shake up the country you know, they ain't gonna they gonna think about that before they go do some of that stuff. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay someone who goes to school would be called a 330: somebody that goes to school? #1 Pupil? # Interviewer: #2 Yes. # Okay. Any other name for that? 330: Well Interviewer: Talking about college 330: You talking about going to college? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Uh college student. Interviewer: Okay. Um woman who works in an office, takes care of the mail and does the typing and stuff well she's called 330: Secretary Interviewer: Okay. And a man on the stage would be an actor, a woman would be {X} 330: A man on stage is actor, then a woman would be Interviewer: Yeah what? You wouldn't call her an actress an actor you'd 330: Actress. Wasn't it? Interviewer: Okay um if you were born in the United States you'd be called a 330: American. Interviewer: Okay. And um let's see what names are there for colored people? What different names are there? 330: For colored Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well well the one that I reckon {X} as a nigger you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And colored people too of course some of 'em call 'em I never do call him a nigger right to his face. Always call 'em colored. And uh some of 'em call 'em Negroes some of 'em nigger. And colored black people. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: {X} I've heard 'em called. Interviewer: What about joking words or insulting words? 330: {X} Interviewer: Yeah referring to colored people. Or something worse. 330: I don't know what you mean, what you what you'd say to 'em, something? Interviewer: Well like um say I've heard the word coon. 330: Oh well I've heard niggers say we call 'em coons. Somehow I never heard nobody call 'em coons in my life. Interviewer: Yeah. You've heard colored people say 330: I've heard them say that yeah I've heard colored people say so and so call 'em coons. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And you know I've read in the paper you know they'd say that man or person called 'em a coon. Interviewer: Any other words like that? 330: Well no I don't know. I guess probably they have been called to me some devil. Interviewer: {NW} Mm-hmm. 330: {X} Interviewer: Okay but so you you were or me would be called a 330: Uh what are we called? Interviewer: Yeah we wouldn't be colored we'd be 330: We'd be white. Interviewer: Okay. Any other names for white people? 330: Well um yeah there's uh uh white people there are Jews and Indians and {C: pronunciation as injuns} {X} I guess you would have to be wouldn't called white. Interviewer: Indians are white? 330: Mm-hmm. They're they're a little brown #1 I mean but # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: {D: they stay out uh live out in the open} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 like uh # but their color's a little bit different. But as far as that goes I'd call 'em a white Interviewer: Yeah. 330: person. Interviewer: Would you call people from Japan white? 330: Japanese. Interviewer: are they #1 white? # 330: #2 Yeah # I'd say so uh they uh they uh are a little different in the face and all Interviewer: Yeah. 330: talk different of course but I guess you'd have to call 'em as a kind of a white person. Interviewer: Japanese and Chinese and 330: Mm-hmm they look a little funny in the eyes and face but I guess you'd call 'em a white. Interviewer: Yeah. Um what about a a child where one parent's white and one of 'em's colored? 330: Well I don't know what you'd call it. I guess a {NS} um {X} it would be mixed. I don't know what you'd call it I I guess there would be something out there to call it I know I know some I know a few that was raised in this country. Interviewer: One parent's white and one parent's black? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What do they think of themselves then? 330: well they they they had to go most of 'em {D: to be with the colored people} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And uh they each time the ones I'm talking about their father was wealthy the man had a colored woman stay with him cook for him #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: And uh one of 'em had one child boy one of 'em had two boys and a girl. And both of 'em were wealthy men. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And uh one of 'em sent his kids off you know to go to school because they wouldn't let 'em go to white school in this country you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And sent two of 'em went off and the girl married some {X} She was the pretty girl now that you ever looked at. Interviewer: She married a what? 330: she married a white fellow {X} something {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: What's that? 330: {X} farmer some kind of Interviewer: Yeah. 330: guy that I don't know what you'd they call him {X} {C: tape overlaid} Well they come from a foreign country. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: He didn't he uh she was a good-looking girl now this other a brother of hers was smart as a whip too and this third child they had was wasn't too smart but he was a good boy there wasn't ever {X} a better boy. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But this other guy {X} and busted 'em all to pieces spent every bit the money {X} and this boy wasn't wasn't too smart uh his daddy came home at uh {D: never could get any weight on him} and uh this sister here went in and got all in debt for her mother kind of mother like that was her some way or another and uh she died {X} all the expenses and they didn't have it so they'd come back here and sold {C: tape overlaid} or both brothers farm to get the money to pay the expenses. I I uh I heard I heard {X} It's a shame that poor boy had to give up {X} sell his farm. today Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} to never be bought sold or nothing. and he got a little old shack {X} two room thing lives in {X} I reckon he make a good living {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} {X} best boys I ever knew, real friendly. But it's right funny they said they didn't know what they were called didn't know #1 what # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: they'd be called that's right. {X} I told him I don't know what to call 'em. Interviewer: {NW} 330: I don't. They the the white people didn't want 'em, the colored people didn't want 'em Interviewer: Yeah. 330: neither one of 'em wanted 'em with 'em you know. Interviewer: That's really sad. 330: And one of 'em this one did never did marry, the one I'm telling you about until he finally got {X} finally married a colored girl. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Then she wouldn't live with him, she left him went run off with another nigger. And uh had left him all with a house full of children and his wife's mother then {X} and I guess {D: she got the} children raised 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Course I don't know if she still got 'em. Her husband died and his uh wife mother husband was the other one man didn't have one boy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: they were only married boy boy he was {X} and a good boy too. Interviewer: What's um {C: tape overlaid} colored people call the white men they worked for? 330: Boss. Old boss. Interviewer: Boss? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did they ever use a word like master marse 330: Yeah I've heard 'em call 'em master too. Interviewer: Who'd they call who'd call that 330: {NW} the colored guy call his his white boss or master or boss or master, something or other. and it mighta been that they may have called him other things but Interviewer: Yeah. 330: but like I said your colored guy that lived with a white fellow and they was good to him. They never turn in against him. No uh colored person never turn in against his boss. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: They would never believe that but it was true you know. Interviewer: What names are there for different types of white people 330: #1 Huh? # Interviewer: #2 like # What names are there for different types of white people like white people that don't have any money but they don't seem to care 330: #1 they don't care about anything # Interviewer: #2 yeah they don't work # they you said that 330: common trash Interviewer: Okay. 330: I guess you'd call it. They don't care about nothing you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Yeah we got a lot of those country. Just like I got some good colored friends talked to me about it here a while back said Mr Johnny says I tell you say our country's getting in a tough seat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: He says that uh uh uh "my class of people just robbing and killing stealing and doing everything {X} want the government to keep 'em up, just oughta get 'em {X} railroad {X} ready to retire" {X} {X} And and uh he said "then you've got a bunch of you white colored trash ain't they just as low down as my folks" I said "that's right. That's right." We have a terrible bunch of 'em and you could give 'em a million dollars today let's say Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: and in thirty days they wouldn't have a dime of it. They'd go out and throw it away do something with it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} don't want nothing {NS} Wouldn't happen. You couldn't give it to 'em. {C: tape overlaid} {X} that they really commoner than the colored person. {X} Course there's no cure in the world for nobody be that common. Way I see it #1 shouldn't be # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: that common. Interviewer: What do you mean common? 330: Don't care don't care nothing about nobody just live like cats and dogs Interviewer: Yeah. What'd you call someone who lives way up in the mountains? 330: #1 Well uh # Interviewer: #2 Does # 330: what I call 'em? Interviewer: Yeah is there an expression for them? 330: I don't know much about up in the mountains now I couldn't tell you too much on that I never have been up in there. Interviewer: Maybe a word like Hoosier or hillbilly or cracker. 330: Something like that? Interviewer: Yeah have you ever do you use any of these words? 330: Well I never like I said I never have been there up up in those I don't know what I guess you'd maybe some of 'em are called hillbillies, I don't know or mountaineers or something. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Mountaineers I'd guess you'd call 'em. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Okay suppose someone was waiting for you to get ready to go somewhere. They call out to you to ask if you'll be ready soon, you'd say oh I'll be with you in 330: In uh fifteen minutes. Interviewer: Or in 330: {NS} or in a minute Interviewer: Just a 330: a little while {NS} {NS} {NS} Interviewer: {NS} Okay or if you were just fixing to be ready you might say I'll be with you in a 330: In a in a in a {X} Interviewer: or just 330: a little while Interviewer: just a minute 330: minute Interviewer: what's that 330: a minute, a shortly, a little while uh which'd be the best? Shortly? Interviewer: yeah I was I was thinking of expressions just I'll be with you in just 330: Just a jiffy. Interviewer: {C: tape overlaid} Um {NS} so if someone said {C: tape overlaid} offered you a choice of two things asked you which one you wanted you say oh it doesn't make any difference to me just give me you want 330: This one. Interviewer: Or just give me {C: tape overlaid} I don't 330: Give me that one or something. Interviewer: Yeah I don't care I'll take 330: I'll take this one. Interviewer: Or I'll take 330: I'll take uh this one or that one, either one, wouldn't make any difference to me I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. Um talk about parts of your body this part of your head is called your 330: Forehead. Interviewer: Okay. And this is your 330: Hair. Interviewer: And on a man this is uh 330: Whiskers Interviewer: or 330: beard. Interviewer: Okay and this is my 330: ear Interviewer: Which one? 330: Uh your your left ear. Interviewer: Okay and this is my 330: Right ear. Interviewer: Huh? 330: Right ear. Interviewer: Okay. And this is my 330: Mouth. Interviewer: Okay and this is the 330: {D: toe} Interviewer: or the whole thing is the 330: {D: nape} Interviewer: Okay. What about this? 330: {X} Interviewer: Okay um that little thing that sits 330: Swallow? Interviewer: yeah it's what what's {D: guzzle} mean? 330: well that's a that there's I I'd say that the thing right there what #1 I call it # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # it moves up and down 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay this is a 330: Teeth? Interviewer: Or just one 330: Gum? {C: tape overlaid} The teeth there? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Teeth Interviewer: Yeah this is my front 330: front teeth Interviewer: Or just one is a just my front 330: Tooth. Interviewer: Okay. And these are my 330: Front teeth. Interviewer: The flesh around the teeth is the 330: Your gum. Interviewer: Okay and this is the what part of my hand? 330: Palm of your hand. Interviewer: Okay this is a 330: Fist. Interviewer: Make two 330: Two fists. Interviewer: Okay um and where the bones come together you call that a 330: Joint. Interviewer: Okay. And on a man this is the 330: Breast? Interviewer: What about 330: Shoulder? Interviewer: Yeah on a man do you say breast? 330: Chest? Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay um these are my 330: Shoulders. Interviewer: Okay. Um and this is a 330: Hand. Interviewer: Two 330: Two hands. Interviewer: Huh? 330: Hand, right hand and left hand. Interviewer: Or two 330: Two hands. Interviewer: Okay um this is my 330: Knee. Interviewer: The whole thing's the 330: Leg. Interviewer: Okay and this is one 330: Foot. Interviewer: Two 330: Two feet. Interviewer: Okay. Um and this bone here 330: It's that's your shin. Interviewer: Okay. What if I get down in in this position? 330: Squat? Interviewer: Yeah any other expression for that? 330: Just uh sat down squat uh Interviewer: Yeah. Do you say get down on your 330: Hunkers. Interviewer: Hunkers? 330: {NS} That's what I'd say I don't know. Interviewer: Um is that different from squatting #1 down? # 330: #2 Yes # well they're probably the same thing but I told you get #1 down # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 330: on your squat would be hunkers. Interviewer: Okay. If I'm someone who's been sick for a while, can you say well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit 330: Pale. Interviewer: Or okay any other word for that he still #1 looks a bit # 330: #2 Well he # still looks thin. Interviewer: Okay. Um someone who's in real good shape can lift heavy weights and stuff what do you say? 330: Strong strong as a giant. Interviewer: Okay. Any other expression for that? 330: Well he's strong as a ox. Interviewer: Okay. Um would you say he's big and 330: Strong. Interviewer: Okay do you use the word stout? 330: Stout? I'd say stout as a ox or giant or something or other. Interviewer: What does the word stout mean? 330: {D: just strong} strong, big stout. That's what I'd say. Interviewer: Okay um would you ever use the word stout talking about butter that was turning bad? 330: Butter? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Talking about butter that was turning bad would you say it was stout? 330: I don't know what we called it it would be smelling stout or something you mean? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I don't know. I never heard it called stout. Of course it's sour you might smell you might say smell rank Interviewer: Yeah. 330: instead of stout. I'd say it smelled rank. Interviewer: Okay. Um someone who's real easy to get along with never loses his temper you'd say he's very 330: He's he is very pleasant. Interviewer: Okay. Would you use that word about a horse? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Would you use that word about an animal? Like a horse? 330: If it's quiet? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Yeah a horse I'd say is is is often good and gentle. Interviewer: Yeah. Would you say the horse is pleasant? 330: Mm-hmm yeah I think {X} when he's gentle and quiet you know I'd say he's pleasant. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay say a teenage boy who just seems to be all arms and legs always stumbling over things dropping things how'd you describe him? 330: {NW} Awkward? Interviewer: Okay. Any other words like that? 330: Well he'd kinda be unbalanced I'd #1 say # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: couldn't exactly handle himself like sure. Interviewer: Someone uh that just keeps on doing things that they just don't make any sense you say that person's just a plain 330: Plain fool. Interviewer: Okay. Is that a nice word to use? 330: Well it wouldn't be uh no I wouldn't think it'd be too nice but that's what I'd have to say if he done kept doing something bad and wouldn't stop Interviewer: Yeah. 330: you asked him to stop. {NS} I'd say he was {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Someone who doesn't spend any money at all you say they're 330: A miser. Interviewer: Okay. Any other word for that? 330: well {X} I guess {X} Interviewer: Okay so let's say an old person still gets around real well still is active and so forth you say that they're 330: {X} still uh active uh getting around being {X} or something like that you would say Interviewer: Do you use the word 330: remarkable. Interviewer: spry or #1 happy? # 330: #2 Spry # #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 or something? # 330: remarkable spry to be old Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I'd say Interviewer: Do you use that word about children? 330: say {X} Interviewer: say would you say that about children that children were spry? 330: Well I I actually I might say the the children were active quick or something #1 like # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 330: that I'd say. Interviewer: It sounds funny to say that they're spry? 330: Well I think it would. Interviewer: Yeah. Say say your children were out later than usual you'd say well I guess there's anything wrong but still I can't help feeling a little 330: worried worried about 'em. Interviewer: Or a little 330: uneasy about 'em. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say I'm not going upstairs in the dark I'm 330: {X} Interviewer: Okay. 330: {X} Interviewer: Huh? 330: Little scared to go up in the dark. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say you know that song the old gray mare she ain't 330: {NW} what she used to be. Interviewer: Okay. You say I don't understand why she's scared of the dark now she 330: Can't see. Interviewer: Yeah or say um I don't see why she's afraid now she's 330: Gotten old? Interviewer: Yeah. What's the opposite of used to be? 330: Opposite of what you used to be? Interviewer: Yes. You say she 330: Has gotten Interviewer: So she used to be or didn't used to be or 330: Be scared? Interviewer: used not to be? Yeah how would you say that? {NS} 330: Well she uh used to didn't be scared. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And then and she gotten old she shouldn't be scared now. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I'd say. Interviewer: Okay and someone who goes out and leaves a lot of money on the table then goes out and doesn't even bother to lock the door you say that he's {X} what? 330: {D: honest} Interviewer: Yeah or he's mighty what with his money? 330: Mighty careless with his money. Interviewer: Okay. 330: The guy that left the money Interviewer: Yeah. 330: mighty careless. Interviewer: Um what about someone who's you say there's nothing really wrong with that lady but sometimes she acts kinda {C: tape overlaid} 330: Crazy? Interviewer: Okay. What about another word for that? 330: Acts kinda silly sometimes I'd say. Interviewer: Okay what about the word queer or quare? 330: Yeah queer I guess I guess that would be alright. Interviewer: What's that mean? 330: {D: that's something same thing doing something that} {D: was just a little bit} funny to you. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Queer. Interviewer: Has that word changed meanings recently? Do you still use that word? 330: Uh yeah I guess so. Guess it would be used. Interviewer: Would you ever say someone is you'd say would you ever say he's a queer? To mean that he's 330: He's I wouldn't say that he's a queer boy, or so lot of people say it I don't know if I'd ever say it. I've heard other people say it about you know boys hey that's a that's a that's a terrible queer boy. Interviewer: What does that mean? 330: just peculiar and funny I imagine {X} curious kinda what I think. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Set in his ways you know little different different than the most average other boys. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Kinda funny. We got a boy {X} here is funny acts like a boy {X} hold a sign and talks carries on acting Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: funny {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} {X} {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: {X} exact right boy I mean talk like he does sixteen year old boy Interviewer: yeah 330: he's not {X} he said somebody {X} this week he {X} kill his dad something I told him yes son that's something you don't never wanna see anybody doing killing your father and mother just forget that you can't do it. And he left home was staying with his grandparents Interviewer: Mm. 330: and wasn't wasn't for {X} and I said a long time I betcha something ain't {X} and he just couldn't get along with his daddy and left left you see somebody look like he gonna have to kill him or something. I hate to hear that. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You just don't want to hear don't want to think about such things, somebody talking about killing their father and mother. Interviewer: Yeah. That is sad. 330: Bad, really bad. Interviewer: Um what about someone who who's just very sure of his own ways and won't listen to anyone else? 330: Set set in his ways. Interviewer: Okay. Any other expressions like that? 330: Well oh I I don't know. Interviewer: Say something headed 330: Had his way {X} couldn't nobody change Interviewer: Yeah would you say mule headed or 330: #1 mule headed # Interviewer: #2 hard headed or # 330: bull headed, one of 'em. Interviewer: Bull headed? 330: I've heard 'em called bull headed cuz they're set in their ways. we had it either one now I don't say bull headed though. Interviewer: What's that? 330: If you say when somebody's set in his ways you couldn't change 'em I'd just say bull headed. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Couldn't change. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. What about someone that you can't joke with without him losing his temper? 330: Flying all to pieces? Flying mad? Interviewer: Yeah say uh um just any little thing will set him off. 330: Came all to pieces. Interviewer: Yeah you'd say he's awfully 330: Nervous. Interviewer: Okay. 330: That's what I'd say Interviewer: Would you use the word tetchy or 330: Tetchy mm #1 no. # Interviewer: #2 Huh? # 330: yeah he's mighty testy, he can't take anything. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I've had some I know quite a few in my time you just couldn't say anything to 'em people go and get mad want to fight you right now. Interviewer: Yeah. Um someone who's about to lose their temper you'd tell them just keep 330: Keep calm. Interviewer: Okay um say you've been working very hard you'd say you're very 330: Tired. Interviewer: Okay if you were very very tired you'd say you're just completely 330: Wore out. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Exhausted's one. Interviewer: Okay. Say someone has been perfectly healthy all of a sudden there's some disease you say well just last Sunday she 330: {X} Interviewer: sick she she 330: {X} last Sunday she was she was alright seemed to be alright. And just tooken sick all of a sudden you say. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Got sick all of a sudden. She'd had a probably a stroke or heart attack or something I think that's what you'd Interviewer: Yeah. You said she just 330: Took sick all at once. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay let's say um well he's sick now, but he'll be well again {X} 330: shortly or soon well Interviewer: Say someone had been out in the um rain you know they came in and started sneezing and coughing you'd say that they had 330: Turn cold tooken cold taken cold being out in the weather. Interviewer: Okay and if it affected their voice you'd say that they were 330: Make 'em hoarse. Interviewer: Okay and go like this you'd say {NW} What's that? 330: Hacking cough. Interviewer: Okay you say, "oh I better go to bed. I'm feeling a little..." what 330: Groggy? Interviewer: Okay. Or another word for that. A feeling {D: a little} 330: Sleepy? Interviewer: Okay. You say six o clock in the morning I'll 330: Time to get up. Interviewer: But before you get up you have to 330: Have to have have at six o clock? Interviewer: Yeah. When your alarm goes off you 330: Have to wake up. Interviewer: Okay. Say he's still sleeping, you better go in there and 330: And rouse him up. Interviewer: Okay. Say if someone was sick and you'd got them some medicine you went in by their bed and said "why haven't you 330: "Why haven't you taken your medicine?" Interviewer: Okay and the person might say, "well I already..." 330: Have. Interviewer: I what's um 330: Well uh maybe some of 'em would say well I forgot it something Interviewer: Yeah. 330: like {X} or said something {X} nasty {X} took his medicine always forgot it. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: and that's happens pretty often. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You get it you know, you getting back in the habit of it, I I hadn't taken much medicine since I had my heart attack. I took a good while for a year Interviewer: Yeah. 330: and uh last time I was back down there he told me that uh need to come back he kept me coming for every five months but two years better. Then he {X} told me he believed I got well enough not come back no more. #1 {D: I assume that's happened} # Interviewer: #2 you have # still have the medicine? 330: I don't take anything. Well I keep some little tablets if I get nervous can't sleep I'll take a little tablet. Interviewer: Yeah. Someone who can't hear at all you say that they're 330: Deaf. Interviewer: Okay. Say you'd been out working in the sun and took off your shirt and it was all wet you'd say 330: Sunburnt? Interviewer: Huh? 330: #1 Hot? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: what Interviewer: You say um well yesterday I worked hard and I what a lot in the sun what about sweat? 330: Uh I got hot and {X} Interviewer: Yeah and I sweat I what a lot in the sun? 330: {X} blood I guess some of 'em say, well I {X} blood today. Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: {X} Interviewer: What do you call a little sore that comes to a head? 330: {NW} A ball? {NW} Interviewer: What do you call the stuff that comes out when 330: Corruption? Interviewer: Okay um you say a bee stung me in my hand 330: and left the stinger in there Interviewer: and my hand did what? 330: swollen up swollen. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Swelled up. Interviewer: My um yesterday my hand 330: swelled up bad. Interviewer: Um when you open a blister the liquid that comes out you call that 330: Water. Interviewer: Okay. And um say if someone got shot or stabbed you'd have to get a doctor to look at the 330: Their wound. Interviewer: Okay. And if some wounds don't heal back right what do you call that? 330: Some wounds what? Interviewer: They don't heal back #1 right? # 330: #2 Oh. # it's just um they don't they don't heal up right there'll have to redo it Interviewer: #1 yeah # 330: #2 something or other # Interviewer: Do you call it some kind of flesh? 330: Mm-hmm probably probably flesh yes. Interviewer: What's that? 330: {X} {X} turn out Interviewer: Yeah. 330: take out cut it out #1 right # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: okay {X} Aux: Well I say when we get down in that last quarter I want some gas in there, I don't want to get below that #1 last # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Aux: quarter. Interviewer: Um we were talking well first of all um talking about flowers, if you went outside and cut some flowers to put them in the house, you'd put them in a 330: Vase. Interviewer: Okay. Okay and we're talking about medicine um this is something that say if you it's a brown liquid medicine and it stings. Say if you had cut your finger or something. 330: Iodine? Interviewer: Okay. And this is a white bitter powder that people used to take for colds. 330: Quinine. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay say if a man was shot and didn't recover you'd say that he 330: Well got shot fatally. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd say the doctor did everything he could but #1 still # 330: #2 {X} # couldn't save him. Interviewer: Okay so the man 330: Died. Interviewer: Okay. Any other ways of saying died? any- 330: Anything else different than than died? Interviewer: Yeah any nicer ways of saying died. 330: Well I guess well I don't I guess I don't I can't think of a word {X} Interviewer: Maybe something like "passed" 330: Passed away? Interviewer: or something. Yeah. Does that sound a little bit nicer? 330: Well I think I've heard it both ways. Passed away died I guess it would. Passed away. Interviewer: Okay what about ways of saying that that aren't very nice, like you'd say um I'm glad that old miser finally 330: {NW} Interviewer: what? 330: {NW} {X} Said you're glad the old miser did did something? {X} Old miser died passed away? Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say kicked the 330: {X} Interviewer: Kicked the 330: Kicked her? Interviewer: Kicked the bucket? 330: Oh yeah yeah I've heard 'em say kicked the bucket. Yeah mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. 330: So and so kicked the bucket. {X} {D: heard that} quite a few times. Interviewer: Okay you'd say he was a very important man, everybody turned out for his {C: tape overlaid} 330: He's a very important man and then turned out bad? Interviewer: Yeah. Say the man died and everybody came to his 330: Funeral. Interviewer: Okay. And if people are dressed in black you'd say that they're in 330: In mour- in uh they're they're friends mourn Interviewer: Huh? They're in 330: I'd say said they're dressed in black colored {X} well they was they was uh his uh I guess you'd call it close friends {D: is} #1 why # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: you'd dress in black you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You lose your husband. Interviewer: You said if they're in mour- 330: In what? Interviewer: In mourning? 330: In yeah in mourning. They would they would be weeping and black clothes. Interviewer: Okay um what if they were really worked up over his death? I mean just sort of going hysterical? 330: {D: Well uh they were they was uh} about to have a breakdown if they didn't straighten up, you know some of 'em do go just about nuts crazy. In a case like that you know just give up. Say you can't take it can't stand it. {X} {X} breakdown. some folks died Is that anyway Interviewer: Yeah. Okay um suppose someone met you on the street and asked you on a average day how you were feeling you'd say oh 330: Oh just just kinda solid. I'd say I'm very well or something I don't know. There'd be several ways you could put at it. Not too I don't feel too good today now or something or other like that. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Most of 'em I don't feel good either. Now. Interviewer: Okay say um say your children are out late and your wife is getting a little excited about it you'd say oh they'll get home alright, just don't 330: Just quiet down take it easy or something. Interviewer: Just don't 330: er get panicked. Interviewer: Or don't don't you 330: Fret? Interviewer: Okay what about worry? Don't you 330: Worry? Interviewer: Okay. Um when you're getting old and {NW} your joints get all stiff and so forth you'd say you've got 330: Rheumatism. Interviewer: Okay. Any other name for that? 330: {D: arthritis} I'd say. I guess I've heard the doctor say that. {X} Interviewer: Okay um this is a sore throat that children used to die from you'd get blisters on the inside of your throat and they'd they'd choke up 330: Diphtheria? Interviewer: Okay. Um and what about a disease where your your skin turns yellow? 330: Yellow jaundice. Interviewer: Okay. Um and when you have your appendix taken out you say that you've had an attack of 330: Appendicitis. Interviewer: Okay. Is there anything else people used to call that? 330: Well there wasn't very many operated on years ago. I was operated on when I was a young boy but very few very very few times you'd hear older people were scared of it you know to be operated on. And uh instead of being operated on for appendicitis uh something that you uh something else that it could be called? {X} I guess uh just say well uh I had my appendix taken out. {X} Interviewer: Okay um suppose you ate something that didn't agree with you and it came back up, you'd say that you had the 330: Upset stomach. Interviewer: Okay but when it comes back up you'd say you 330: I threw up vomit? Interviewer: Okay um is okay you used two words there, threw up and vomit. 330: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Which # Does one of 'em seem nicer? Or 330: I think I guess uh threw up throwing up would be nicer than vomiting wouldn't it? Interviewer: Okay. What about a really crude way of saying that? 330: Uh nowadays what you say it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Uh oh Interviewer: Or a way of saying that that's not very nice. 330: Way of saying what? Interviewer: A way of saying vomit that's not very nice 330: No, I Interviewer: Joking 330: Uh I can't think of it I've I've heard it {X} but I can't think of what they say call it. Interviewer: You ever heard of puke, or 330: Yes, I've heard of {X} I've heard puke. Interviewer: Is that 330: That sounds better than than throwing up or vomit. Interviewer: Does it sound better to you? Or does it sound worse? 330: Well I think it would wouldn't sound as good to me but now it may it might be the proper way for it to be said. Interviewer: Okay is there anything that sounds worse than puke? 330: {X} Interviewer: Okay if a person vomited you'd say he was sick 330: Deathly sick. Interviewer: Where? 330: Stomach. Interviewer: Huh? 330: Deathly sick in the stomach. Interviewer: Okay. Um Okay suppose someone had gotten some you had just gotten some news that surprised you a lot you know? Um and you went across the street and told your neighbor the news and someone asked you why did you go across the street and you said well I went over there 330: To to tell him about the thing accident? Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you invite someone to come and see you this evening um you might tell 'em now if if he doesn't come I what? 330: Be disappointed? Interviewer: If he what was that? 330: I'd be disappointed if I asked him to come and he didn't come. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use the word shall? I shall be disappointed? 330: Yeah I guess I would. Might be alright. I shall be disappointed if you don't come. Interviewer: Okay um you might tell someone anytime you can come over we'll be 330: Well Interviewer: Or we'll be what to see you? 330: We'd be glad to see you. Interviewer: Okay. Any other words? 330: Well uh Interviewer: Would you say we'll be proud to see 330: Proud to see you? Interviewer: Okay um say if a boy kept going over to a girl's house and was spending a lot of time with her and seriously interested in her you'd say that he was 330: Falling in love with her. Interviewer: Okay. Or um he keeps going over there and he would you say would you use the word courting her or some expression like that? 330: Yes. {D: I would say that he was} courting her. {NS} He was falling in love with her. {D: I never} {X} courting I guess you'd say the same, you know. That's usually what happens when you fall in love, you take 'em by the hand and you get {NW} see 'em pretty often uh Interviewer: Okay um in this case he would be called her 330: Sweetheart. Interviewer: Okay. Um and she would be called his 330: Well well I guess she'd be called his sweetheart, too. Interviewer: Okay. And if the boy came home with lipstick on his collar you'd say that he had been 330: {NW} He'd been kissed. Interviewer: Okay any 330: By the girl by his girlfriend. Interviewer: Any other words you'd use besides kissing? 330: Well uh mooching. Guess you'd they'd been mooching I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um say if he asks her to marry him and she doesn't want to you'd say that she did what to him? 330: She uh she well she didn't want when he asked her to marry him she didn't want to? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well she didn't lo- I'd say she didn't love him Interviewer: Okay. 330: well enough. Interviewer: Would you say she she gave him the gate, or threw him over or jilted him, or 330: Well something like that, she she uh she had made her led him wrong to believing that you know that she he thought she did and then you know talked pretty to him and then she she turned him down. {D: Nine times outta ten though} there would be another boy in the in the picture I'd say. Most times are you know there's another boy. {X} {D: just figures} Interviewer: {X} 330: Yeah. Something like that {X} another girl in the picture. {X} {NS} Interviewer: Okay so you say that she didn't turn him down, you'd say they went ahead and got 330: Gotten married. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Set the date and got married. Interviewer: Any other word you'd use besides married? They 330: Well well I've heard of get getting hitched. And uh well I don't know how {D: too many things about} about marrying but they tied tied it tied tied up I guess. You could say. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Sometimes. Interviewer: Okay at a wedding the boy that stands up with the groom you'd call him the 330: The wedding what? Interviewer: At the wedding you know the boy that stands up with the groom? 330: His uh well the usual thing is that the it's his best friend, boy Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That stands up for him. Interviewer: What do you call him? 330: Oh. Oh I guess best man. Interviewer: Okay. What about the woman that stands up with the bride? 330: Best uh maid, uh {D: isn't it} best uh well it's the best girlfriend she she would have that would be a {NW} Interviewer: Would you say brides 330: I bridesmaid I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. Um what about this is kind of old fashioned but maybe you'll remember say after a wedding the people in the town would get together make a lot of noise you know ring cowbells and fire pistols and and ride the the groom on the rail a rail or something like that 330: Celebrate? The wedding? Interviewer: Okay do do you remember what that was called? 330: Well just a just a a celebration. Like I guess I don't know what it would be. You know the name for it to have. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They said that a whole bunch would get together and celebrate? I {D: well they} I guess happiness celebration I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear shivaree or serenade or 330: Serenade, yeah I've heard serenade. Interviewer: What's that? 330: Well {NW} I've seen 'em tie tin cans and cups to the cars {D: everybody young you know lit 'em} they'd start off dragging 'em with noise Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I've seen that happen a lot of the time. Tin can full of full of gravel something that'll {D: start off you know...} I've seen that done quite a few times. Interviewer: And you'd call that a serenade? 330: Mm-hmm serenade. That's what I called it. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Okay. Um I'm interested in words like up or down or over like talking about location, like would okay how would you say I was up in Nashville or over in Nashville or 330: I'd down to Nashville. Interviewer: What's that? 330: Down {C: stuttering} to Nashville or up up to Nashville. Interviewer: Would you say down to Nashville or up to Nashville? 330: Well uh went to Nashville. Interviewer: Yeah but using one of these other words like 330: Up or down? Interviewer: Yeah. How do people #1 usually # 330: #2 I'd say # Interviewer: say that? 330: I'd say going up to Nashville. Interviewer: Okay. What about say Knoxville? 330: Oh went up to Knoxville. Last week I just did or something or other I did. Interviewer: Okay. What about Chattanooga? 330: Same thing, I'd say. Up to Chattanooga. Interviewer: You wouldn't say over to Chattanooga or down to Chattanooga? 330: Well I'd say up to it. Interviewer: Okay what about Atlanta? 330: Well I went down to Atlanta. Last just did last week. Something. That's what I'd say, going down. Interviewer: Did you ever use over? 330: #1 Over to Atlanta? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah what about to Franklin, how would you say that? 330: Well going over to Franklin. {X} {X} going on to Franklin just did so and so Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: That's the way I'd I'd say that. Interviewer: What do those words mean to you? Like does up mean north, or does it mean does it have to do with direction? Or elevation? Or 330: Why elevation I'd say. Up, down here I said Knoxville. Chattanooga is just kinda up {X} would be on flatter ground downgrade. Interviewer: So you'd say you went down to Nashville? 330: Mm-hmm down to Nashville. Day before yesterday. That's the way I'd say it. Interviewer: Okay um what did y'all used to do for entertainment? 330: {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well we had parties. {X} parties. And we had some things called dances in the community. Interviewer: What what tell me about these dances. What types did you have {X} 330: They were they were square dances, we called 'em Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: No one had a couple, boys and girls Interviewer: {NW} 330: They'd dance and then they'd have a guy setting up guy sitting up on a table in the room to take everything out of the room big room, where the wanted to give us to dance and put the eating table up in there that the men would get up on to make the music. And the men called sets. Have you ever seen anybody you've you never seen anybody dance those television? Interviewer: I may have seen it on television but I've never been to one. 330: {D: they have it on television very pretty you know} call it, and dancing with a girl boy they really they really can {X} Interviewer: They really could what? 330: They really I I'd say putting on the dog. {D: cutting up extra good dancing} we {X} I danced one for years and years. {X} everybody but {X} girlfriend came out another night to get my buggy. The girls go home and {D: snowed in I put my boot rubs on my horse} {D: and there'd be snow six inches deep on him} {C: tape overlaid} and had to take it off and and all the way we had to have it in a heat would be {X} {D: like Atlanta} {X} Interviewer: A buggy ride? What was that you said? 330: Great big heavy rug with a you kept to keep yourself warm you somebody rode with you you and the girl you know wrapped around the legs, feet kept warm. Had a lining had a lining on it. I did that first car cuz car didn't have no heaters you know they didn't Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I kept it in the mean time that's my buggy rug I used it on that car. {D: I kept the buggy rug and we'd take the lining and set down} floor boards under that rug and it'd keep us as warm as a stove under there. Interviewer: Wasn't that dangerous? 330: You've seen a lined one haven't you? Interviewer: Yeah but wasn't there a chance of the buggy rug catching fire? 330: Mm-mm not on that lining. Uh it wouldn't get hot enough on top. It had a metal top you up there to it know it wouldn't get hot enough to it'd it'd get warm but I mean it wouldn't set to fire. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} It'd be almost you know real down close to zero and I did it. Course if it wasn't too cold you didn't need nothing but the rug. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But I kept it up like even where I am to ball games it'd be in zero. {D: car} I kept that down under. {X} too cold to play ball. Well the gym wasn't too good now back in that day it was right cold. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} all we had was big stove make {X} and you and gym wouldn't be tight. You'd feel the air blowing in on you {X} Interviewer: Okay say if children got out of school at four oh clock you'd say at four oh clock school 330: Turns out. Interviewer: Okay. And then children might ask um after vacation they might ask what time does school 330: Start? Interviewer: Okay. Um say if a boy left home to go to school and never showed up in school that day you'd say that he 330: Played hooky. Interviewer: Okay 330: That's what I'd say, I don't know. I don't know of anyone that has played hooky {X} I mean a lot of 'em do now I guess but {X} they tell me course I don't know but they used to have to be {X} hide or go someplace or get into {X} lay out till school time then come back and people'd think that he was at school all day {X} I never did I know I know other boys who did. Interviewer: Okay say you go to school to get a what? 330: Uh a girls and boys going to school together? Interviewer: Yeah why why would people go to school? 330: They go to school to to learn. Interviewer: Okay or to get a 330: {X} to learn how to do do make a living life Interviewer: Okay. 330: I'd say. {X} lot of 'em didn't get much I didn't now nowadays everybody can get a high school education {X} just wasn't money in the high schools back then my time hardly at all And I don't imagine there's a Interviewer: {NW} 330: oh I don't imagine twenty-five percent of the people got a high school education back when I was young. Most all of 'em dropped out some of 'em did start but didn't go long you know, just drop out. {X} Interviewer: Nowadays after high school people a lot of times go on to 330: College. Interviewer: Okay. And after kindergarten you go into the 330: Go into the grammar school. Interviewer: Which which grade though? 330: First grade. Interviewer: Okay. Is that is there an older word for first grade? Older expression? 330: Uh well I uh I guess you could call it grammar. Grammar they had {X} before anything Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: steady} I never have really known nothing about this the kindergarten what they really do. {X} they sort of train 'em don't they? To get along with one another act and know how to do and behave. Interviewer: Yeah. I think they teach 'em a few things. Like counting. 330: Yeah I got a little grandson in Memphis that {NW} {X} say something, a little speech or something or other. {X} {X} {D: now he's ready for school} Interviewer: {NW} 330: He's a character. Smart as a whip though. He's too too smart {X} He sits there watch television and he can tell you everything what he's seen. For weeks. {X} We never dreamt there never would ever be such a thing I still didn't believe it when they first kept talking about it you're gonna have television I didn't think it'd ever come. I didn't believe they could be talking in New York we could sit and watch 'em. But it sure did happen. Interviewer: I guess that was kinda surprising your first television. 330: {D: this radio was sure a shock} Interviewer: How was that? 330: Well there there's a party that one night a bunch of us boys and girls fellow from Nashville came out at his home and bought this uh little radio and just a little bitty thing had one ear phone just like you put up to your ear and talk in the telephone. Fact and uh he little old bitty thing piece of wood had a little bitty magnet there and had a little bitty he called it catgut {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It just stuck on that magnet. {NS} And you could hear music things playing. {X} and we'd pass it round each one would hold it a little while and listen some of 'em didn't {X} you know uh {X} {X} I said to him {X} {X} we just played rook did you ever play rook? Interviewer: Um maybe a couple of times I don't really know how. 330: We we we played a lot of rook back there then those boys and me. {X} couples you know and we'd {X} six or eight different people three or four couples can play. Maybe ten eleven oh clock. Have pop some popcorn, make some molasses balls {X} heat the molasses and pop this popcorn, roll it in and make balls about that big eat them We used to have we we we used to have a lot of fun, we enjoyed ourselves. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But we couldn't get a {X} over furthest we went was being on the horse and buggy you know you couldn't go very far at night in the buggy and come back. wouldn't get too far from home. Interviewer: Okay a long time ago people used to children used to sit on benches at school but now they sit at 330: They uh huh? Nowadays I guess they sit in uh I guess they have chairs, I don't know what really I hadn't been in a classroom {X} {X} I guess that they have do they have chairs now? Interviewer: Yeah it's something kinda like a chair only it's got a top to it, and a place to store things. 330: Okay. Interviewer: You'd call it a 330: Desk? Interviewer: Okay. So um {NS} so maybe thirty children would be in a room and then um and they'd be sitting at these 330: Th- these desks? Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you wanted to check out a book in town you'd go to the 330: Principal. Interviewer: Okay or to the public 330: Library. Interviewer: Okay. And if you wanted to mail a letter, you'd go to the 330: Post office. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd stay overnight in a strange town at a 330: Spent the night in a so and so Interviewer: Yeah 330: sp- I spent the night last in Knoxville at a Asheville, North Carolina {X} Interviewer: Okay you'd um the building that you'd stay in you'd call that a 330: Motel Interviewer: Or a 330: A hotel. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you wanted to see a play or a movie you'd go to the 330: Go to see a play or m- movie go to the picture show Interviewer: Okay or another name for that you'd go to the 330: The um uh Interviewer: Go to the the- 330: Um Interviewer: The- 330: This uh {X} Interviewer: Hmm? 330: Go to a {X} to see the show practice show {X} used to come on stage in Nashville. We'd go down there and tell all the people come on {D: ask 'em} People come up there on stage and they'd show there's still some other name that I should call it? The theater? Interviewer: Yeah. What was that prince? 330: That's what we called it {X} people in sales would come out there and put it on it wasn't a it wasn't like the you know when they were back see when I first started going to shows uh the guy had to announce 'em you know. Interviewer: Yes. 330: And then they finally got to where they they uh say that announcer guy were was {X} do the talking and then then they come along behind that with people I mean a lot of live people would come out Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And put the show on {X} in front of 'em. We called it {X} {D: apprentice} down there in Nashville. Theater Interviewer: {D: How'd you get that?} 330: {D: apprentice} theater. Interviewer: {X} 330: That's what I that's what we that's what we called it {D: apprentice} theater in Nashville where they come out perform and the auditorium now they got a big auditorium down there where they have all this stuff at show you know putting on the show Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I've never been in it but they have one of course seven thousand people in that thing. But some of 'em {X} I think you'd get to see well you don't know what's going on but you got one of those things you you have to look through a little Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} place like that see 'em put on. Interviewer: Okay if you were real sick you might have to go into the 330: Hospital? Interviewer: Okay and the woman that'd look after you 330: Nurse. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you wanted to catch a train you'd go to the 330: Depot. Interviewer: Okay. Any or or you might call it the rail 330: Station. Interviewer: The what? 330: Railroad station. Interviewer: Okay. Um and the place in town with the you know the around the courthouse with all the grass and trees and so forth 330: Uh what'd you call that around the courthouse? Courthouse yard? Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: Long call that I'd call that yard it's like that {X} in Franklin where we have a big place sitting around there most of 'em too some playing chess {X} meets there every day sit down there and play chess. Interviewer: {NW} 330: And I've seen it done in Jackson too great big time. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: People sitting there early morning they'd be come out there and park out there on their benches and chairs and sit out there in the courtyard {X} I guess they get a big kick out of it or they I mean they're most aged people like Interviewer: Yeah. 330: to come out there and just spend their time out there I never did have no time to sit on a courtyard I have to have stopped a few times coming back {D: course I was gonna watch 'em play} chess little old Franklin they have the time Interviewer: {NW} 330: You can {X} {X} Interviewer: Okay two streets cross, say um or say say there's a a big um lot and you could go around it on the sidewalk like this you know or but instead of doing that you go like this you say you're walking 330: On the pavement? Interviewer: Okay or you're you're walking you're technically short cut see you say you're walking 330: Oh {X} making a short cut across I'd go across the street. Interviewer: Yeah um you ever heard kitty cornered, or catty cornered, or catty-wampus, or any word like that? 330: {X} Interviewer: Say you're two streets intersect and you start walking from one corner and walk across to the other corner 330: There? Does it stop? The corner? Be uh like a stop light you know. Stopping one corner to the other. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And you call it uh uh walking with the traffic. Way I'd call it, I've seen a blind man do that go across the street and he start out with his walking stick and then he'd hear the traffic he'd take on with 'em and go across that Interviewer: Yeah but say {NS} say it's it's across like this and you're supposed to walk say if you wanted to get from this corner to this one over here you're supposed to go this way and then this way see? But instead you just cut 330: Cross. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: cut across. Interviewer: Okay would you have an expression for that? 330: Short way. Interviewer: Okay. 330: It'd be the short way. Cross, I'd say. Interviewer: Okay um and before they had buses in the cities they used to have 330: Street cars. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd tell the bus driver this next corner is where I want 330: Get off. Interviewer: Okay. Um and {NS} you hear in this county um Franklin is the 330: County seat? Interviewer: Okay. And say if you were um an FBI agent you'd be working for the federal 330: Government. Interviewer: Okay. And the police in the town are supposed to maintain 330: Order. Peace and order. Interviewer: Okay. Or another word you might use law 330: Law in law enforcement law and order Interviewer: Okay. Um and the fight that they had in this country between the north and the south was called the 330: The uh oh uh uh heck uh no nothing {X} Interviewer: Did you hear the civ- 330: Civil War? Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: Is that right, Civil War? Interviewer: {X} Um okay these are some names of some states and some cities um the biggest city in this country is in what state? 330: Well it's in New York I I guess New York still has got the largest city. Interviewer: Okay. Um and Baltimore is in 330: Baltimore Massachusetts? Interviewer: Okay. Um and Richmond is the capital of 330: Virginia? Interviewer: Okay name some of the states around here. In the South. 330: In this in the country? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well Mississippi, Alabama Louisiana Georgia Tennessee South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia Arkansas Interviewer: Okay. 330: I guess that's about really all that claim to be southern states isn't it? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: did I name 'em all?} Eleven of 'em I think Texas! Texas Interviewer: Okay. Um what about some there's another state I'm thinking of that's {NS} near Arkansas but it's not um it's not really southern it didn't it was on the Yankee side in the Civil War. 330: {X} it's close to Arkansas? Interviewer: Yeah it's it's around that area. 330: Oklahoma? Interviewer: Okay um what about some other states? 330: Well Missouri is up there Kentucky Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: And uh Indiana Interviewer: Okay. What about um {NW} you'd say the states from Maine to Connecticut you call those the 330: To Connecticut? Interviewer: Yeah that that area you'd call that 330: Eastern well Interviewer: Yeah or what about the New 330: New New England states? Interviewer: Okay. Um and the state where you get a lot of oranges from. 330: Florida? Interviewer: Okay. Um and {NS} the state um the capital of this country is in 330: Washington, D.C. Interviewer: Okay. What about a state near that? 330: Near Washington? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Virginia? Interviewer: Okay what about another one? 330: Uh uh I guess you mean just beyond Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 Washington? # Interviewer: #1 # 330: #2 # Interviewer: Starts with an M. 330: Maryland? Interviewer: Okay. What's the biggest city in Maryland? 330: Balt- it's Balt- Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Baltimore? Interviewer: Okay. Um and the biggest city in Missouri 330: Uh I guess it's Cin- {X} well it's Cincinnati. Ohio is Cincinnati Saint Louis I guess is the biggest one I don't know. Interviewer: Um yeah that's what I'd say. Um this is a sea port in South Carolina. It's real old. A historical sea port. 330: Sea port? It's uh Myrtle Beach? Interviewer: I'm thinking of Char- 330: Huh? Interviewer: Charles- 330: Charleston? South Carolina? Interviewer: Okay. Um and the big steel making city in Alabama 330: Steel? Interviewer: Steel-making. 330: Oh. In Alabama? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Iron iron steel Interviewer: I'm thinking of Birm- well what are some of the big cities in Alabama? 330: Birmingham. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Biggest one Interviewer: Okay um what about a city in Illinois? Big city. 330: Ohio I meant uh Chicago. Interviewer: Okay. Um and 330: Chicago is total large city Interviewer: Yeah 330: It's one of the big ones. I guess Los Angeles is next to New York I'd say. And I imagine Chicago's about there Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Largest city. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Um what are some other cities in Alabama? 330: Mobile Decatur Huntsville Interviewer: What about the capital? 330: That's uh that's uh Montgomery. Interviewer: Okay. Um and the city up in the mountains in North Carolina 330: Asheville? Interviewer: Okay. And um let's see the the four biggest cities in Tennessee. 330: Memphis the largest, then Nashville, then Knoxville, then Chattanooga. Interviewer: Memphis is the largest? 330: Mm-hmm by far. {X} Interviewer: I thought Nashville #1 was the largest. # 330: #2 Mm-mm # {D: way behind} {X} always we always had the number one {X} until things got to changing {X} give it to Memphis. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: that's really what all's been. {X} course Nashville being the capital you know Interviewer: Yeah. 330: It has to be number one, the government. {X} But now he brought 'em a {D: plane} we don't have to have a car. Interviewer: {NW} 330: {D: someone raided the sandbox said} we had to buy it I said I don't wanna I don't care if we buy two planes I just we just had to pay our taxes and what they do with it I've got nothing to do with that. Interviewer: Yeah. {X} 330: Yeah I bet. Chattanooga's not huge but it it's a big one. And and uh Jackson, Jackson's a pretty good size, too. {D: I take my} Chattanooga's fourth. Interviewer: Okay um what about some cities in Georgia? 330: In Georgia? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well Fitzgerald um Atlanta and uh Waycross Statesboro Interviewer: What about the city the sea port in Georgia? Way over in east Georgia? 330: East Georgia. Interviewer: An older seaport. 330: I never been to Georgia much I don't know. Interviewer: What about Sav- Savan- 330: Sava- Savannah, Georgia? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Yeah I've heard of it. Is that the old Interviewer: Yeah. 330: old uh sea port? Interviewer: What about a city in southern Georgia? It's it's not sixty miles out of Atlanta I think. 330: Way down south? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well Statesboro is down there a good piece. And uh and Waycross is too. Interviewer: Yeah. I'm thinking of a city that's right in the middle though. Sort of of Georgia. It starts with an M. 330: Macon, Georgia? Interviewer: Okay. Um and you know Fort Benning? 330: Fort Benning? Interviewer: Yeah do you know what what city is that near? 330: Uh {X} Interviewer: Think Colu- 330: Columbus? Georgia? Interviewer: Huh? 330: Columbus? Interviewer: Yeah okay um what about some cities in Louisiana? 330: Well um {NW} {NW} I don't know much about Louisiana I never been there in my life. I guess uh um {X} Interviewer: The city where they have Mardi Gras, you know. 330: I just can't Interviewer: New New Or- 330: New Orleans? Isn't it? Big school in uh L-S-U big school but I don't know what where Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {NW} city or {NS} I guess it's I don't know what's the biggest city in {X} and that course {X} some people talk but I never been out there in my life. Interviewer: Yeah. What about the capital of Louisiana? 330: It's uh {NW} uh I really don't know Interviewer: What about Bat- 330: Baton Rouge? Interviewer: Yeah. That's what I was thinking of. Okay what about the biggest city in southern Ohio? 330: Biggest city in Ohio? Interviewer: Yeah. Southern Ohio. 330: I guess Cleveland. Interviewer: Okay what but in southern Ohio you know. 330: Southern Ohio? Interviewer: Yeah. Cin- 330: Cincinnati? Interviewer: Okay. And the biggest 330: {X} Interviewer: Huh? 330: Cincinnati is right out of Louisville, right? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Up the river. Interviewer: Okay. 330: I've never been there, but I've been to Louisville. Interviewer: You have? 330: Louisville Kentucky great big place. And then down to {X} great big place too. Interviewer: How'd you get to go up there? 330: We went I went up there once trip with uh four kennel of pigs up at night came back the next day daytime where I could see. Interviewer: You brought a what load? 330: {D: ket load} pigs up there {D: fellow did sell} you know {D: all pigs up there and sell 'em} Interviewer: You brought a 330: {X} in a big truck Interviewer: Yeah what what kind of load did you call that? Ket? 330: Pigs? Little bitty small pigs. Interviewer: Yeah you used the word you didn't say car load of pigs, you said 330: Truck load. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Had three {X} {X} three hundred and ten. One load. {D: that night} we we stopped up there just before we got to Louisville at the truck stop and eating some supper then started to drink some coffee cuz we got in the {X} {D: got exhausted} {X} took the road all night long all day next day coming back. {X} That's the only time I'd ever been up in there. I never had been up in in {X} or {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Louisville {X} never been to Louisville I been to a lot of you know southern states. I mean uh counties I been to Bowling Green and Franklin Scottsboro, and uh another one, too. {X} {X} I been to quite a few in Kentucky. Never been to Florida but one time when I {X} {NW} Interviewer: Oh yeah you were telling me about that. 330: {X} {NS} Interviewer: About how far would you say it is from here to Nashville? 330: Thirty miles, about thirty miles. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if someone asked you to go with 'em someplace but you're not sure you want to you'd say well I'm not sure 330: That I care to go? Interviewer: Okay. Um and say you had a choice of two things and you say well first of all I was I was gonna do this but then I decided that I'd do that in 330: I I would do do uh something else? Interviewer: {X} I'll do that in- 330: Instead of going you mean? Interviewer: Huh? 330: Instead of going? Someplace with somebody? Interviewer: Okay. Um and say say if a man is really funny and you like him for that reason you'd say well I like him 330: But he's real he's real jolly? Interviewer: Okay. Um what are some names names of some of the churches big churches around in the south? 330: Big churches? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well there's there's uh Missionary Baptists Christian people {X} they don't like most of 'em don't like to be called but the {X} churches {NS} {D: and Methodists} Catholics and uh uh Interviewer: What was that first thing you said? 330: Presbyterians? Interviewer: Mission 330: Missionary Baptist. Interviewer: Okay. Um say two people become members of a church you'd say they 330: They joined the church. Interviewer: Okay. And you go to church to pray to 330: A million dollar thing you know out there and it opened up some time in April {X} go out there for {D: certain} certain amount of money I've forgotten how much I'd reckon see everything you {D: out there} spend a whole day Interviewer: #1 At the Opry Land? # 330: #2 {D: go out there and take} # Uh-huh take a whole day to see {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I couldn't wear seems to me like it was five five something or seven something of 'em oh that they charge you when you go in {D: That} lets you see most of it I think. Interviewer: Expensive. 330: I like to see it. {C: tape overlaid} {D: it's a good thing to look at} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Enjoy all kinds of things to ride and see and do. I don't know if I'd ride all of 'em but I'd like to see it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: sit out there one day just looking at it} I never been to the Grand Ole Opry House in my life. Interviewer: #1 They're gonna tear that down. # 330: #2 {X} # Never did go there in my never have been. They're gonna I guess they're doing away gonna do away with it way I understand it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} it'd be history real quick I understand it. That old place they used to meet you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Just do away with it, I don't know what they'd do. Interviewer: I heard something about they were gonna tear it down but then use the same material to build a chapel at Opry Land. But they might not do that. 330: I doubt it. {D: they might but I doubt it} Uh we got some I got a good friend Sam McGee you've heard of him I'm sure heard of McGee? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Sam's going on eighty years old {X} and uh he's been going there a long long time. {D: And uh a while back} Franklin Station before they had our {X} farm {X} {D: usually} {D: talking all} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I enjoyed it. I loved every bit of it. {D: he carried on talking telling all kinda tales} {D: how long you been on there} {D: I'm} {D: Aunt Day making used to} {X} {D: he lived with a family in} China China {X} and had a great big sign up out there where he lived. {X} I played I played ball with his boy, both boys Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: one time} And he {X} picked a bank oh he hollered {X} {X} um well shoot you might of heard some of his records Have you ever heard any of his records? Interviewer: I think so. 330: Most people don't like didn't like him you know of course called it old country people coming on up people but now {X} coming back and they come they come home all they want you know come home get an aspirin. Every Saturday night you know. I reckon every state in the union had people there. They announced so and so {X} different towns. Big crowd and of course {X} I get I'm pretty sure. I've never been but I don't know cost you a little something but get him to get you a ticket or #1 something you know # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: maybe they go {X} And all the southern states I'd say South Carolina, Virginia, North Carolina people and they may I guess {X} come down in this tobacco biz and the first thing they want to do is head to Nash- the Grand Ole Opry. Interviewer: {NW} 330: Every one of 'em. It's the craziest thing what you ever seen in your life. {X} best friends I ever had {X} and he brought an old bank and {X} listened to it every time I had to fix that thing used to pick it we'd play cards and eat {X} we had a good time. But I tell you they made a they made a they made a lot of money out of it {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: These people raise uh raised money for the crippled people and have a show every year. And they really they really go up in a thousand dollars. Of course Kentucky was into it with us, southern Kentucky. And then Tennessee. All that money at that I I forgotten how many {D: they'd run up in} thousand thousand dollars every year. {D: hang up there} crippled children you know Their play in Saint {D: they call in California again and put on here put the show on everywhere in the country} entertainment and then they lot of 'em will sing you know pick music anything and they'll ask for a telephone number of each county each uh place to call. Have operators up there sitting up there to take calls {D: how much they want to donate to 'em} That's interesting. I went to see 'em course that's a good cause. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's a wonderful cause you know. People that have a little handicapped child can't help themself needs help Interviewer: Yeah. 330: and they they march them around through auditorium where I live singing you know little kids, and some of 'em you lead 'em or hold 'em, some of 'em have to {X} some of 'em hobble kinda {D: use poles} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They have 'em all they have a lot of {D: different ones too but this in Nashville} goes on one a week don't know much about it but they's talking about it and they come in here how's this one {X} course it didn't matter to me {C: tape overlaid} {D: there's a lot of us left that come from other places} little Joe's been down there quite a few times, but he wasn't down there this year. But he has been several times. {X} Interviewer: Little Joe from 330: {X} Interviewer: {X} 330: Mm-hmm. Old {X} {D: old horse} died I hate that I Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} {X} {D: long green} he's been several times. {X} Do you know he's not the not the I don't know why he's older than I thought he was he had about a three four year old child baby I didn't know that. {X} {NS} some of 'em say {D: just a few years older} than we thought he was I've forgotten now how old they claim wasn't nothing like my Interviewer: Yeah. 330: anyway {X} {NS} Interviewer: Okay you you say you you go to church to worship 330: Worship the Lord. Interviewer: Okay. Or you another name 330: Uh God Interviewer: Okay. Um and the preacher preaches a {NS} 330: Sermon. Interviewer: Okay. And you say the choir and the organ provide the 330: Music. Interviewer: Okay. And if you really like the music you might say oh that music was just 330: Just just out of this world. Interviewer: Or just 330: Beautiful. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if you were on your way to church one morning and then you had to change a flat tire you'd say oh church is going to be over 330: {X} you wouldn't be in any shape if you had to change a flat tire much to go Interviewer: {NW} 330: {X} Interviewer: Okay 330: Church'll be over before we get there. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 330: #2 I'd say. # Interviewer: Um the enemy of God is called the 330: Devil. Interviewer: Okay. Any other names for that? 330: Uh {D: I guess} Interviewer: What would you tell children was gonna come get 'em if they didn't behave? 330: Bad man? Interviewer: Okay. 330: {NW} That bad man would get you. Interviewer: Okay. Um was there any one house you know that that people were scared of when you were growing up? 330: A house? Interviewer: Yeah. Like no one would go 330: A haunted house? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: Goat's house} or one of the other ones that's what we called it is that kinda what you're talking about? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Mm-hmm. Yeah uh I I've heard of people being scared said they could hear noises in certain places you know and different times that there was a ghost. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: But there wasn't there's not any ghosts in my book. I don't believe it I don't believe in #1 ghosts. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: Somebody was doing it you know they finally caught him. Or what I'm speaking of {X} Somebody slip in there and doing it and he they'd go there same hour and listen you know and they could hear different racket and things they'd say a ghost was living in that home. {NS} There's not any ghosts. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. It'd be awful scary though. 330: {NW} Yeah. It can be scary. Interviewer: Okay now you might tell someone okay you better put on a sweater cuz it's getting what? Chilly 330: Get it's getting cold outside. Interviewer: But not really cold it's just getting 330: Chilly? Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say it's getting what? 330: Cool? Interviewer: Okay. Would you say it's getting kinda chilly or sorta chilly or 330: Uh-huh Interviewer: rather chilly or 330: Getting ra- right cool outside or getting chilly out there you better put on a coat wrap or something go out. Interviewer: Um You say if you had a choice of two things you'd say Well I what do this and that? 330: I'd rather I- I- I- prefer this this other than the other Interviewer: Okay. Um say if a close friend of yours you hadn't seen him in a long time um 330: Close what? Interviewer: A close friend of yours? 330: Oh yeah. Interviewer: And you just saw him and you hadn't seen him in a long time you might say I'm 330: I I sure enjoyed uh seeing my friend or meeting my friend Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But you might tell him I'm what glad to see 330: Glad to see you. Interviewer: Um would you say I'm I'm 330: Real proud to see you Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} You say someone owned say about five hundred acres of land you'd say that that would be a what of land? 330: Well it'd it would be a terrible big farm ranch I'd call it {D: a terrible ranch} Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use the expression a good deal of land, or a right smart of land? 330: Well it would be a good deal I guess or {X} owned just a good deal of it Interviewer: What about the expression right smart? Do you ever use that? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What does that mean? 330: Well that's a that's a whole lot more than than a small amount you know right smart. A right smart of money. Something anyway that's the way I've heard it. Heard that spoken quite a few times so and so had a right smart money or right much money {D: was in good shape or} something like that. Interviewer: Yeah. Would you say it rained right smart? 330: It rained rained right smart? It poured down. It poured down yesterday. We had a flood yesterday. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: We had a {D: flied rush just} {X} day before yesterday. {D: right down below the sewer down here} {X} Interviewer: Okay you'd say it's not just a little cold this morning, it was 330: It it was severe cold. Interviewer: Or it was re- 330: Re- downright cold. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if someone says something kind of shocking and you sort of resented it you might say well I'm very what of you saying that, I'm very 330: uh uh uh very shocking? #1 Someone had told you something shocking? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah. You were sort of insulted with him saying that, you might say well I'm very what of you saying that? 330: Very Interviewer: Very i- 330: {X} {X} Interviewer: What was that? 330: very idea of saying so and so? Interviewer: Okay. Um okay when you meet someone what do you say by way of greeting? What do you ask them? 330: Good morning! Interviewer: Okay and then you ask them how 330: How are you today? Interviewer: Okay. And what about when you're introduced to a stranger? What do you ask 'em? 330: This uh {X} {X} what to ask to them? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Stranger? I'd say uh what what's your name? Mine is so and so. Interviewer: Okay. Um and say if you were um if you were excited about something or something like that what might you say if you were surprised? You might say well 330: Uh uh uh I that sure did surprise me. {D: got frightened by something} Interviewer: Okay. Suppose that say a man had been doing some work say you'd say hit his hit his thumb with a hammer what might he say? 330: {NW} {D: he mashed his mashed his thumb} Interviewer: Yeah. What what word would he say then? 330: Gosh. I- I- I- mashed my thumb. is- what I'd say. Interviewer: Anything stronger than that? 330: {NW} {NW: I've heard some of 'em} I've heard I've heard 'em say things a little worse than that I imagine hitting a hammer thumb. Oh hell I've mashed my thumbnail off or something. Mashed my thumb you know if it were me I wouldn't want to {X} say but I wouldn't say that Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Man I mashed I've mashed mine some too. Interviewer: {NW} 330: It hurts. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} Interviewer: What might you say if you were sorta disgusted with yourself like if you had done something kinda stupid and you'd just realized that you'd done something stupid. 330: Well I've been disgusted with myself a lotta time uh I why I did that something like that. You you can be disgusted with doing a heap of different things. And can't do like uh get disgusted because I can't do it like I ought to do it even now. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's the only thing I get to where I can't do anything right anymore. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Okay um say someone had been over to visit you and was about to leave, you'd tell 'em well I hope you'll come back 330: Come back and and sit visit us uh see us soon Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 330: #2 Come back # again and visit us. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Enjoyed your your company. Interviewer: Okay what do you say when you meet someone on Christmas? 330: Christmas gift. Interviewer: Okay. Um when do you say Christmas gift? Just at Christmas, or 330: Mm-hmm. Yeah uh yeah that's when I would say Christmas gift, but course have birthday uh birthday gift too but Christmas is when you that's the most of the giving Interviewer: Yeah. 330: part we have. Interviewer: You just say Christmas gift on Christmas Day? 330: Well I guess I guess you'd say it any {X} say any Christmas. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But of course in the morning on Christmas morning is the main time we have a Christmas you know and meet and talk Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Children all the children and grandchildren come in with us at least all mine do come in Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Christmas morning. Interviewer: What about another expression that you might say around Christmas? You might tell someone me- 330: About uh me- me- about just uh what we do Christmas? Interviewer: Yeah well like what do your Christmas cards say on them? They say 330: Happy Christmas. Interviewer: Okay. Or not Happy Christmas, they say 330: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you tell someone on January first? 330: New Year's. Interviewer: Yeah 330: Uh Interviewer: Yeah what do you what greeting do you have? 330: Merry Chri- uh uh Happy New Year. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Um do you ever say New Year's gift? 330: Mm-hmm. New Year's New Year {NS} yeah I say Interviewer: Okay um suppose someone had done you a favor, you might tell 'em, well thank you, I'm much 330: I uh I really appreciate it. Interviewer: I'm much o- 330: I'm much obliged? Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} you say I have to go downtown to do some 330: Shopping? Interviewer: Okay any other word? Old fashioned word for that? 330: Well um had to go down there to shopping and uh and uh {X} well to go buy Interviewer: Yeah. 330: So and so. Go to buy me a suit or go to buy me a pair of shoes or {D: go to town to buy me a} shirt or anything. Interviewer: Okay. You said say you just bought something and the storekeeper's got a piece of paper and what you know? 330: I just bought me a a new shirt? Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 330: {D: wrapped it up} Interviewer: Okay and when I got home I 330: Unwrapped it? Interviewer: Okay. Um if you had to sell something for less than you paid for it you'd say you were selling it at a 330: A loss. Interviewer: Okay. Um now suppose you saw something that you liked but you didn't have enough money to buy it, you'd say well I like it but it 330: I just don't have the {D: wherewith to buy it} Interviewer: Okay 330: That's what I'd say. Interviewer: It what too much, it 330: Money don't have enough my money to buy it. Interviewer: It 330: It's just too high. Interviewer: It or it what too much it co- 330: Costs too much? Interviewer: Okay um you'd say when it's time to pay the bills you know on the first of the month you'd say the bill is 330: Due. Interviewer: Okay. And if you belong to a club you have to pay your 330: Have to have to pay your dues. Interviewer: Okay. And if you don't have enough money you might go to a friend and try to 330: Borrow some? Interviewer: Okay. And you say in the thirties, money was 330: {D: say what?} Interviewer: In the thirties. 330: Oh money was tight. Interviewer: Okay or money was 330: Well Interviewer: Another word for that. Money was 330: Uh well short. Interviewer: Or sca- 330: Scarce? Interviewer: Okay. 330: And it really was. Interviewer: You remember that very well? 330: Oh I mean I do. Mm mm mm. We sold {X} {D: for a time we just couldn't even care for money, had to give a script} Interviewer: Had to give you what? 330: Script, piece of paper. We called it. Bought something there wasn't just wasn't any money {D: I haven't seemed to understand it yet} Times sure did get bad then. I never could see any need for it to let it got that bad, either. It was like they never have any more of it it may be worse this time than it was before, but well thing is going now you know I believe things are going to have to change some. I may be wrong but I believe {X} make a change. Two years maybe maybe less than maybe less than two years. Maybe. {D: there'll be a change made} I don't believe it can he's talking about freezing {D: right now but I hadn't freezed nothing} {D: food stuff} {X} {D: why} makes the man {X} scarce makes the man in the market for anything. And freezing it ain't gonna do no good. And the farmers not getting enough {D: work no way} They don't get nothing for raising this stuff all the time. Interviewer: He's not freezing farm prices. 330: {X} farm prices, just gonna freeze these big {X} {X} {D: ours} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: thing but} supermarket {NS} from the first to the eighth. {D: it's a high stage} {X} {C: tape overlaid} But {X} {X} respect on him was people {X} and things you still passing out talking about striking going on strike we got all those people {X} maybe save fifty dollars a day it may be more than that a lot of 'em do. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: What {NS} didn't say anything about day pack {D: we're making all this money you know} {X} {D: sand takes a lot of it out of 'em of course} {NS} {NS} I just don't know I don't {NS} I believe something's gonna happen. I don't think he's got the solution to it at all {X} Interviewer: He doesn't seem to know what he's doing much. {NS} 330: {D: my my} I don't know what we're gonna have to do but there's gonna have to be something done adjusted in some way or another I think. Something's gonna have to be adjusted. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} {C: tape overlaid} Okay you say um oh someone's coming up to your yard. {NS} {NS} {NS} {NS} 330: {NW: Hey George, how are you?} George: How you doing? 330: Come in. George: I ain't I ain't got time, son, I Unknown: {X} 330: {NS} {NS} {X} Interviewer: Okay say you talking about swimming and things, you'd say somebody ran down the street {X} 330: Leaped off in the water. Interviewer: Okay or going head first you know you'd say he 330: Jumped off? Interviewer: Or another word. 330: Uh you mean off the ground and swi- swimming pool, he ran down the board and jumped? Fell off? Interviewer: Yeah but if he goes head first 330: Dived in. Interviewer: Okay. You say um um nine or ten children have already what off that springboard 330: Done jumped in? Interviewer: Or have have already 330: Dived in. Interviewer: Okay. You say but I was too scared to 330: {NW} Uh I was too scared to jump? Interviewer: Or 330: Dive in? Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: {D: I wouldn't be the first} {X} There was {X} {D: and we were} never been to the swimming pool. A whole bunch of girls and boys liked to go down there And I go in the swimming pool. It cost us something of course but go in Interviewer: Yeah. 330: we paid {X} a quarter I think a piece. And they had one diving board {X} third one. I don't believe it was three but that third one some were getting way up in the air. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And I could do anything in the world, swim like a duck or jump {X} and we was having a {X} I said well I'll uh I'm gonna jump off that {X} {X} but when they got {X} down I wouldn't jump. My feet slipped out from under me and I just hit it {D: on my skunk right} I fell uh Interviewer: Did you hit the water? 330: Mm-hmm. {X} I thought for sure I was gonna drown. Interviewer: {NW} 330: I couldn't get my breath none {X} {D: just like nerves had got me} {D: enough breath to swim out of this place} I never did go back anymore, said that would be the last. I never did go jump off that thing one more time. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well my feet just that board was wet people running up there and jumping off you know there was a whole lot of other people up there too and they'd run up there and just jump off of that thing and {D: boom just wet as could be} my feet slipped out from under me before I could get it wouldn't hurt you if you went off of it right you know {X} {D: and your face} {X} but I didn't go off that way {C: tape overlaid} {X} Interviewer: {NW} Well what would you call the way that when you hit the water flat on your stomach? What do you call that? 330: I called it belly-bust. Interviewer: {NW} 330: It it knocked ha ha it knocked the the breath plumb out of me, Lord have mercy. {D: why I just raised blood when I hit that water} {D: yeah I was way up in there} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That thing was way up I mean {X} But uh {D: they wouldn't allow us small ones} to go up there and jump you know but I was just I was a grown boy. {D: they do care} I learned I didn't have and then I went and got {X} knocked into {X} I believed I was actually drowning. Couldn't get the breath. But they just thought I was to do so and so you know them pegged you a ninny or {X} go down {X} Interviewer: Okay um {D: if a child puts his} head on the ground turns over you'd say 330: Somersault? Interviewer: A what? 330: Somersault? Interviewer: Okay. 330: -sault I don't know what the proper name for somersault is Interviewer: Yeah. Okay um say um and he dived in the water and he what 330: Swam? Interviewer: Or he dived in, he what across the lake? He dived in and he 330: Swum across the lake? Interviewer: Okay. You say um I have what in that lake many times myself. 330: I've swum in that lake many a time. Interviewer: Okay. Um if you say someone got in the water and didn't know how to swim you'd say that he did what he 330: He uh he went down. Interviewer: Or he 330: Didn't know how to swim. Interviewer: And then he 330: Uh had to be gotten I'd say. Somebody would have to get him. Interviewer: Yeah but if no one got him out you'd say that he 330: Drowned. Interviewer: Okay. Um what does a baby do before it can walk? 330: Crawl. Interviewer: Okay. You say that'd be a hard mountain to 330: Climb? Interviewer: Okay. But my neighbor what it last year? 330: #1 My neighbor climbed # 330: #2 {C: pronunciation as "clumbed"} # Interviewer: Okay. But I've never 330: I've never climbed in my life.{C: pronunciation as "clumb"} Interviewer: Okay. Um you say she walked up to the altar and she what down? 330: Kneeled down. Blacked out? Interviewer: Yeah. But when you you go to pray you know 330: Oh kneel down. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Kneel down. Oh Interviewer: Okay. Say if you were really tired you'd say I think I'll go and 330: And rest. Interviewer: Or go what down for a while go 330: Go down take a nap? Interviewer: Okay um {NS} Okay you say he was really sick um he just what in bed all day he just 330: {X} he was what'd you say if he's really sick? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: He was really bad off all day. Interviewer: Yeah. Or he just la- 330: Unconscious? Interviewer: Okay. Um talking about things that you see in your sleep you'd say this is what I 330: Dreamt last night. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say often when I go to sleep I 330: {NW: Dream?} Interviewer: But I usually can't remember what I have 330: What what you dreamt about? Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: And and sometimes you can though you know. {X} some of 'em you will {X} what you did dream last night. {NS} {D: okay} next morning I think about it part of it will just come back to you, what you #1 dream about. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Okay you say I dreamed I was falling, but just when I was fixing to hit the ground, I 330: {NW} I'd say the stop woke me up. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Woke up about that time, I guess you'd say. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I have, too, I have have you ever think you'd fallen out of a tree top or something weird? {D: and just just just just just know it was gonna kill you gonna kill you and} and then wake up just like all of a sudden? Scared to death. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. {C: tape overlaid} Okay if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor like this you say you 330: Stomped the floor. Interviewer: Okay. Um if a boy sees a girl at church say he wants to go home with her he says may I 330: May I {D: carry you home} Interviewer: Okay. What if he's going on foot? 330: Foot? May I walk you home? Interviewer: Okay. Um to get something to come toward you you take hold of it and you 330: Leap uh uh uh to get something to come to you? Interviewer: Yeah you take hold of it and you 330: Hand? Interviewer: Yeah. Um say if you wanted to get a boat up on land you'd tie a rope to it and you'd 330: Drag it up. Interviewer: Or 330: up on the Interviewer: Another word for that you'd 330: Pull it. Interviewer: Okay. And to get something to go away from you you'd 330: Push it. Interviewer: Okay. Um and you might tell children now now that stove is very hot so don't you 330: Don't you touch it. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if you needed a hammer you'd tell someone go 330: Go go get me a hammer. Interviewer: Okay. Um and playing tag you know what do you call the the tree that children can touch and be safe? 330: {NW} {NW} Home base I guess you'd say, go home plate {NS} {X} {D: hey you running keep you from catching me} Interviewer: Yeah. What about football? 330: Football? Interviewer: Yeah. What are you running toward in football? 330: Goal. Interviewer: Okay. Um you throw a ball and ask somebody to 330: Catch it? Interviewer: Okay. You say so I I threw the ball and he 330: He caught he caught it. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say well I've been fishing all day but I still haven't 330: Haven't caught any. Interviewer: Okay. Um and say there's no need for you to hurry, um if I get there first I'll 330: Wait for you. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if you were about to punish a child he might tell you don't spank me just please what? 330: Uh he said don't spank me just please uh Interviewer: Yeah give me another please give me another 330: Chance? Interviewer: Okay. Um say if a man was in a very good mood you'd say he's in a very good 330: Mood this morning Interviewer: Or in a very good 330: Uh a very uh uh uh very happy this morning. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay um say someone always catches the point of a joke, always catches on to a joke you'd say that he has a good sense of 330: Of uh uh to catch on? Smart yeah he has a good sense of to catch on Interviewer: Yeah. Or if he always sees the funny side of things you'd say that he has a good sense of 330: Uh sees the funny side of something? Interviewer: Yeah um and who can take a joke real well, and would you say that he has a good sense of 330: Of of humor? Interviewer: Okay. Um you say well we've got termites but I'm sure the exterminating company will get 330: Shut of 'em, rid of 'em Interviewer: Okay. Um say if if a boy um left his best pencil on the desk and came back and didn't find it there he'd ask who 330: {NW} Who moved my pencil? Interviewer: Or who 330: Who got it? Interviewer: Okay. Um you say oh I'd forgotten about that but now I 330: Know where it's at? Interviewer: Yeah okay suppose I I ask you um okay you might say to me well you must have a better memory than I do cuz I sure 330: I- I- I- I- forgot? I don't remember what it is. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say I have just what him a letter? I just 330: Received a letter? Interviewer: Um or I have just what him a letter 330: Uh written a letter? Interviewer: Okay. Um you say yesterday he what me a letter yesterday he 330: I received a letter from so and so yesterday. Interviewer: Okay or yesterday he 330: Wrote me one? Interviewer: Okay. And tomorrow I'll what? 330: I'll I'll write I'll write him one. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say well it's time I was getting a 330: {D: call} Interviewer: Yeah. You say I wrote him a letter and I expect to get a 330: Oh an answer. Interviewer: Okay. Um you put that letter in an envelope then you take out your pen and you 330: {D: back it} Interviewer: Okay any other word for that? 330: Address it. Interviewer: Okay. You say well I was gonna write him, but I didn't know his 330: Address. Interviewer: Okay. Say if a a child was just learning something um something new like maybe he learned to whistle or something you want to know where he'd learned that, you'd ask him who 330: Who taught you how to whistle? Interviewer: Okay. Um say what does a child call another child that is always running and telling on the others? 330: Tattle tale. Interviewer: Okay. What do you use this word about adults? 330: Well uh a meddler I'd call him. Interviewer: You wouldn't use the word tattle tale about him? 330: No I'd just call him a meddler guy. {X} you know grown. Person's a meddler in somebody's business always telling something you know. What I'd call it. Interviewer: Okay. 330: He's a regular tattler, he's you'd call him. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: People's business. Interviewer: Okay say if you wanted to brighten up your room for a party or something you'd go out to the garden and 330: Get some flowers? Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} something that a child plays with you'd call a {NS} 330: A child plays with? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Uh um well it'd be it'd toy. Interviewer: Okay. What about the word play-pretty? 330: Uh that'd be alright, play-pretty. Played with 'em, they have a lot of different things, of course. Interviewer: What does play-pretty mean? 330: That's just something the child likes, or it can be anything, uh {D: was uh} a ball or gun or {C: tape overlaid} {D: or any one} just any kinda little toy Interviewer: Yeah. 330: play with. I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. Um now suppose something happened that you had expected to happen, like say someone 330: {X} Interviewer: Yeah. But you'd you'd known it was it was gonna happen 330: Sooner or later? Interviewer: Yeah. You'd and someone came in and told you you say that person had fallen off the fence or something like that you'd say I just 330: I knew it was going to happen. Sooner or later. Interviewer: Okay. Um {C: tape overlaid} okay you say that's really um that's a book that you what me for Christmas, that you 330: Bought me for Christmas? Interviewer: Or that you 330: I- I- got at Christmas. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say okay you say um {NS} talking about the word give, you'd say um you have what me many good books to read you have 330: Have bought me a a lot of 'em. Interviewer: Okay but talk about the word give, you'd say you have 330: Give have given me a lotta books. Interviewer: Okay. And you say when I finish this book I'll what it back? 330: I'll I'll return it back to you. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say I'm glad I carried my umbrella because we hadn't gone half a block when it 330: Started to rain. Interviewer: Okay. Um and you say you might ask someone what time does the movie 330: Start tonight? Interviewer: Or what time does the movie be- 330: O- open? Interviewer: Okay or another word. I'm thinking about the word begi- 330: Begin? Interviewer: Yes what time does this movie 330: Start tonight. Or begin tonight. Interviewer: Okay. And you say uh it already 330: Done started. Interviewer: Okay. Um it um it what at five minutes ago it 330: Oh started uh started uh Interviewer: Okay or another word besides started it it be- 330: It began five minutes ago? Interviewer: Okay. Or you say it must have already 330: Already already started. Interviewer: Or already be- 330: Begin or Interviewer: Okay. Um you say horses gallop but people 330: Run. Interviewer: Okay. You say um I was feeling so good that I what all the way home? 330: I was feeling so good I laughed all the way home. Interviewer: Or that I what using the word run. I was feeling so good that I 330: I was feeling so good that I trotted all the way home. Interviewer: Okay or using the word run. 330: Run? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I ran all the way home. Interviewer: Okay. You'd say um they have what a mile every day this week. 330: have have to they uh run a mile every day for exercise. Interviewer: Okay. Um if you don't know where a man was born you might ask where does he what from? Where does 330: From where is he? From where is he? Reared at, or raised at. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} say he what in on the train last night. 330: He uh rode on the train last night? Interviewer: Okay using the word come he what in on the train last night? 330: Use the word what? Interviewer: Come. 330: He oh he he came on the train? Interviewer: Okay. Say he has what to this town, he has 330: Has what now? Interviewer: He has what to this town 330: Oh Interviewer: on the train. 330: On the train? Interviewer: Yeah he has {NS} 330: Uh we- well he had he uh man had is coming into the town? Interviewer: Okay. 330: He he was conducting? Interviewer: Okay um talk about the word see. You'd say I what her outside a few minutes ago? 330: I I seen so and so a few minutes ago. Interviewer: Okay. You say um we have what so little of you this year? 330: We have we have uh seen you so uh Interviewer: Okay. 330: too little this year. Interviewer: Okay. You say I hope to what you again soon I hope to 330: Hope to see you again soon. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say you can't get through there cuz the highway department has got the machines in it and the road's all 330: Torn off up. Interviewer: Okay. Um you give someone a bracelet say and tell her why don't you 330: Shave with your razor? Interviewer: No a bracelet. 330: Oh. Interviewer: And you you'd tell the person I'd like to see how it looks on you why don't you 330: Put it on, try it on. Interviewer: Okay. Um say I might ask you what's new and you might shrug your shoulders and say uh 330: You ask me what's new today? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And I'd shake my shoulders and say uh uh well nothing that amounts to anything, nothing much. Or something like that. Interviewer: Okay. I might say oh come on now, there must be 330: There must be uh something that's happened. Interviewer: Okay. Um if I asked you how long you've lived here, you'd say well I've what 330: All my life. Interviewer: Or I've all 330: Uh almost my life Interviewer: Yeah um you'd say my family has what lived here my family has 330: For generations. Interviewer: Uh or my family has al- 330: Lived here all their lives. Interviewer: Or alway- 330: All uh all all the time? Interviewer: Yeah I'm thinking about the word always. 330: Always? Uh well if my family's lived here all their lives it'd be uh that'd be always, wouldn't it? Interviewer: Okay. Um or you might say well I've I've lived here ever what I got married ever 330: Ever since I gotten married. Interviewer: Okay. Suppose say you had a question and I say well I don't know the answer to your question you better go over and what? 330: And and check so and so Interviewer: You better go what? Somebody else, you better go a- 330: Yeah ask somebody else? Interviewer: Okay. So you say um so you what him {NS} 330: So he ask him? Interviewer: Okay. And he'd say why you've already what me that? 330: Already you've already a- a- told me? Interviewer: Or you've already a- 330: A- asked me? Interviewer: Yeah say you go ask him and he tells you well you've already 330: Asked me before? Interviewer: Okay. Um okay you say every time you say those boys like to what each other a lot like to 330: Talk? Interviewer: Or like to just like to 330: Play? Interviewer: Or like to fi- 330: Fight? Interviewer: Okay. Um you say every time they met they 330: Had a fight. Interviewer: Or they 330: Boxed. Interviewer: Okay. You say they liked to fight, and every time they met they {NS} 330: Had had had had a {D: wrassle or} Interviewer: Okay. Well you say every time they met they fought or they fit or 330: Fit. Interviewer: Every time they met they 330: Well every time they met they they fought. Interviewer: Okay. You say they have what ever since they were little? 330: They they have uh fought all their lives, I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. You say he what her with a big knife, he 330: With a big knife? Interviewer: Yeah he 330: Cut? He hit her with a big knife. Interviewer: Or he s- 330: Slapped slapped her with a knife? Interviewer: Okay or he 330: Cut her with a knife? Interviewer: Or s- sta- 330: Stabbed her with a knife? Interviewer: Okay. Um and say if you were gonna lift something like a piece of machinery up on a roof you might use pulley blocks and a rope to what it up? 330: To le- to to raise machine machinery sometimes on the roof Interviewer: Yeah. You say you had to 330: Well you used a a pulley. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Some kinda pulley or to pull it up I Interviewer: Okay would you use the word hoist or heist? 330: {X} a a a a {D: horse} I'd say. To pull it up there. Interviewer: Yeah. Would you say you were going to hoist it up or heist it up 330: Heist it up. Interviewer: Okay. Um now could you start counting slowly? Starting just slowly start counting. 330: What just one two Interviewer: Yeah. 330: three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen Interviewer: Okay. Um the number after nineteen is 330: Twenty Interviewer: And after twenty-six 330: Twenty-seven Interviewer: Okay. After twenty-nine 330: Thirty Interviewer: And thirty-nine 330: Forty Interviewer: Sixty-nine 330: Seventy Interviewer: Ninety-nine 330: Hundred Interviewer: And nine hundred ninety-nine 330: Thousand Interviewer: Okay. And say if you were really rich you'd say you had one 330: Million Interviewer: Okay. Um say there was a lot of people standing someplace say that the man at the head of the line would be called the 330: Leader. Interviewer: Or the what {X} 330: The uh now maybe I didn't get that exactly. Interviewer: Okay say you have a line of men standing somewhere 330: Standing out Interviewer: Yeah 330: And the and the men are would be the front of it? The man in front would be what? Interviewer: Yeah. What would say the man say if there were eleven men the man at the back of the line would be the eleventh man the man at the head of the line would be the 330: The head of the line. Interviewer: Yeah would be the 330: Front? Interviewer: Not the eleventh, he'd be the 330: Twelfth oh Interviewer: Oh okay but the man number one would be the 330: Number number one would be the uh first man? Interviewer: Okay keep going. 330: And uh th- th- then the the number two Interviewer: Would be the 330: Second man Interviewer: Okay. Keep going. 330: Number three would be the third man. Number four would be the fourth man. Number five would be the fifth man. Number six would be the sixth man, number seven would be the seventh man, number eight would be the eighth man and number nine would be the ninth man. Interviewer: Okay what about behind him? 330: And number ten would be the number te- first man. Interviewer: Number ten would be the 330: Number ten Interviewer: The te- 330: Tenth? Interviewer: Okay. Um and you say sometimes you feel your good luck comes just a little at a time but your bad luck comes all 330: All at a certain time Interviewer: Or all 330: All at one time, look like. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if you said something two times you'd be saying it 330: Twice. Interviewer: Okay. Um could you name the months of the year slowly? 330: January, February March April May June July August September, October November December Interviewer: Okay. And the days of the week. 330: Monday Tuesday, Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday, Sunday. Interviewer: Okay what does the word Sabbath mean? 330: That's rest day Sunday. Interviewer: Okay and you call that the 330: The last day of the week. Interviewer: Um if you meet someone during the early part of the day what do you say as a greeting? 330: Morning, good morning. Interviewer: Okay. Um how long does morning last? 330: Till noon. Twelve o'clock. Interviewer: Okay and then what 330: Afternoon? Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you say do you ever say good day to people? 330: Yeah I've heard it heard heard good day. Interviewer: When do people say that? 330: Well uh I guess it'd be in the morning I'd think {D: when you see 'em in the morning I'd say} Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call the part of the day after supper? 330: Night. Interviewer: Okay is there a another name for that? 330: Uh evening. Interviewer: What's what's the difference between night and evening? 330: {X} {D: make a difference between night and evening but that's what a lot of 'em do you know} Interviewer: do you use the word evening to mean the same thing as night? 330: Mm-hmm. {X} {X} {X} {X} Interviewer: Okay um what would you say when you're saying goodbye when you're leaving somebody's house at night? {NS} 330: {X} {NS} What would I say when I was leaving somebody's home at night? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I'd say good night. Interviewer: Okay. And you say um say if you had to start work before daylight you'd say we had to we started to work before 330: Before day before daylight Interviewer: Or before sun 330: Before dawn? Interviewer: Or sun 330: Before sun up? Interviewer: Okay. And you'd say we worked until 330: Dark. Interviewer: Or until sun 330: Sunset. Interviewer: Okay. You'd say um you say um this morning I saw the sun 330: Rise? Interviewer: Okay. And you say um the sun what at five o'clock? The sun 330: Set at five. Interviewer: Or the sun 330: Went down Interviewer: Yeah or went up you'd say the sun 330: Went went up Interviewer: Okay. Um you say we were late this morning. When we'd gotten outside the #1 sun had already # 330: #2 Oh sun # sun was way up in the sky. Interviewer: Yeah the sun had already 330: Risen. Interviewer: Okay. And um you say um the sun what at six o'clock this morning, the sun 330: Already done came up. Interviewer: Or the sun r- 330: It was it was up up when I got up. Interviewer: Okay. Would you um you'd say would you say the sun rise at six or the sun rose at six or {C: first pronunciation as rIz} 330: Mm-hmm {X} done risen when I got up. Interviewer: Okay um if somebody came here on Sunday um not the last Sunday but the Sunday before that you'd say he came here Sunday 330: Week ago. Interviewer: Okay. And if he was gonna leave next Sunday um a week after next Sunday you'd say he was gonna leave 330: I'm gonna wait leave next week. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever say um Sunday week? 330: Sunday week? Interviewer: Yeah what does that mean? 330: Well that's uh another another week from the day you're speaking of. It'd be another week. Well the following week. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if someone stayed from the first to the fifteenth you'd say he stayed about 330: About half the month. Interviewer: Okay. Um you'd say Friday is today um Saturday will be 330: Tomorrow. Interviewer: Okay. And if you wanted to know the time you'd ask someone 330: What time is it? Interviewer: Okay. And you might look at your 330: Watch. Interviewer: Okay. And if it was mid way between seven o'clock and eight o'clock you'd say it's 330: Seven thirty. Interviewer: Okay. Or it's half 330: Half past seven. Half past seven. {X} would be halfway between. Interviewer: Okay. And if it's halfway between seven thirty and eight you'd say that it's 330: It was seven thirty. Interviewer: No halfway between seven 330: Oh seven and eight? It'd be a quarter 'til eight. Interviewer: Okay. Um if you'd been doing something for a long time you'd say oh I've been doing that for quite a 330: Quite a while. Interviewer: Okay. Um and you might say nineteen seventy-two was last year but nineteen seventy-three is 330: This year. Interviewer: Okay. Um if a child's just had its third birthday you'd say he's 330: three years old. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if something happened on this day last year you'd say that it happened exactly 330: A year ago. Interviewer: Okay. Um you look up at the sky and say I don't like the looks of those black 330: Clouds. Interviewer: Okay. And on a day when the sun's shining and there aren't any clouds you'd say that that was a very 330: A- a- a- a beautiful sun. A bright sun. Interviewer: Or what kind of day? It was a 330: Oh clear day. Interviewer: Okay. Um and just on a day like today you'd say it was 330: Cloudy day. Interviewer: Okay um or just really I mean even worse than today you'd say it was a 330: It was a dark real dark day. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if it had been fair and then clouds started coming in and you expected it to rain or snow real shortly you'd say that the weather was 330: it was changing. Interviewer: Okay. Um and say that it had been cloudy but then the clouds pull away and the sun comes out you'd say it looks like it's going to 330: Break away. Interviewer: Or it's going to 330: Clear up again. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call a real heavy rain that lasts just a little while? 330: Uh we'd call it a just a regular cloudburst. Interviewer: Okay. Um what about if it's got thunder and lightning? 330: Electrical storm Interviewer: Okay. Um you'd say all night long the wind 330: Blew. Interviewer: Okay. But in years past it has what even harder than that? 330: In what? Interviewer: In um a couple of years 330: Oh Interviewer: ago it has what even harder than that? 330: {X} it was a harder storm than it was last night Interviewer: Yeah the wind has what 330: Blew blew? Hard Interviewer: Okay. Um you say it started to rain and the wind began to 330: To really blow. Interviewer: Okay. Um if the wind's from this direction you'd say it's 330: It's from the east. Interviewer: Okay. A wind halfway between south and west you'd call a 330: Well you'd call it a halfway between south and west you'd call it southwest. Interviewer: Okay. And um halfway between south and east you'd call it a 330: A southeast. Interviewer: Okay and halfway between east and north 330: You'd call it uh northeast. Interviewer: And west and north 330: Well uh northwest. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call okay if it's been raining but not raining very hard you'd call that a 330: A just a slow raining slowly. Not raining hard. Sprinkling. I'd say. I guess. Interviewer: Okay. What if it's 330: Showering just showering. Interviewer: What if it's a little bit lighter than that? 330: Mist. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} say if if you get up in the morning and you can't even see across the road you'd say you had some 330: It's foggy. Interviewer: Okay. Or you'd say that you had some what what do you call that stuff? A real heavy 330: Heavy fog this morning. Interviewer: Okay. If it doesn't rain for weeks and weeks you'd say that you're having a 330: Dry. If it hadn't rained and rained for weeks and weeks we having a dry spell. Interviewer: Okay. Or having a 330: Drought. Interviewer: Okay. Um if the wind had been very gentle and gradually started getting um stronger and stronger you'd say that it was a 330: Gale storm? Interviewer: Yeah or that the wind was 330: Getting stronger? Interviewer: Yeah doing what? 330: Uh like a cyclone? Interviewer: Yeah. You'd say the wind was um picking up #1 or rising or # 330: #2 Pick picking up # Interviewer: coming up 330: Uh-huh, picking up. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if the wind had been strong but was getting weaker and weaker you'd say that it was 330: {D: wind is about to lay} Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} on a morning in the fall when you first go outside it's not really cold, it's just kind of 330: Chilly. Interviewer: Okay. Um and say if it was cold enough to kill the 330: All {D: hole} Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call that that white stuff you have on the ground? 330: Frost. Interviewer: Okay. 330: {X} Interviewer: Um is there any difference saying a frost and a freeze? 330: Well yeah there's there's some difference. A frost is uh {C: tape overlaid} And a freeze would be a freezing the ground. Frost just falls on everything. It kills the leaves and green stuff, frost does, and freeze kills everything if you have a hard freeze. Interviewer: Okay um you'd say it was so cold last night that the lake 330: Frozen over. Interviewer: The lake what? 330: Froze. Interviewer: Okay. Um you'd say it had already what 330: Froze over. Interviewer: Okay. Um you'd say if it gets much colder the lake will 330: Freeze? Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call the room where you you'd entertain company? 330: Uh living room. Interviewer: Okay what did you call it when you were growing up though? 330: Front room. Interviewer: Okay. And talk about how tall rooms are. You'd say this room's about 330: Eight foot tall. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} {NS} {D: well that's it} 330: {B} {D: the kid's school, to go to school by school with} Interviewer: hmm 330: couldn't just, couldn't just find 'em Interviewer: Well I wanted to just ask you some general questions about, you know, yourself, uh. So your your name first of all, full name. 330: {B} {NS} {B} Interviewer: {D: I'd like to know that last name} 330: {B} Interviewer: And your address? 330: {B} Interviewer: Huh? 330: {B} Huh? And I Interviewer: What's the name of this community? 330: {B} Interviewer: Okay. And see, the county is 330: {B} Interviewer: Okay. Um where were you born? 330: I was born down in {B} {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Where's that? 330: Back over there by {B} Fact I was west {B} {D: you you been down this} {B} {X} {B} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well I was born west {D: over round there} {B} {X} {B} community {X} {D: it's a little} {X} {D: couple a years} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 that was over there. # My father {D: bought} a little place down there when he was a young boy. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 330: #2 He was elected # 330: while I was {D: just a} small, elected {D: magistrate} of the district. {B} district. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: {X} {D: this is twenty first} but uh I was born in the {B} district. And uh father was born in a little place down Then he sold that and came back when {X} Another farm, {X} {B} district. {X} And uh that's that's where we lived as long as he lived. Interviewer: Yeah. Was that the city? 330: No it's over there on the other road, goes out this road, turns left then goes out towards Kentucky. Interviewer: Was that called {B} 330: Uh-huh {B} Interviewer: How far away? 330: Huh? Interviewer: How far away? 330: From here? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: It was uh it's a {D: about a mile} {D: I joined} the place, farm, matter of fact, he owned my farm but uh {D: he uh the good hands road, about his} that's why I walked to school. Now the school, the school was right down here, just that house on the left {D: next} somebody in the house. Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: one night we walked back over there} and now the house is gone. {X} {D: very big old house} {X} old brick house {X} {X} all my life, course I was small when we moved there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And we moved there I believe it was {B} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And it {D: came so often} the snow Lord have mercy I never seen such snow in my life. {C: tape runs over itself 'we moved'} It snowed for weeks and weeks. Creeks froze dry {B} froze over. There, uh, some {X} {B} that's all. {X} And rabbits. We got knee-deep in {X} snow, and {X} my brother, who was younger than I was, we'd go out in it. {D: kept on the grass} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: when we jump him up, he just one jump, it was {X} {NS} Interviewer: What? 330: {D: I'd say zero} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 about all the time. # 330: #1 And we # Comment: #2 {C: tape run over itself} # 330: we didn't have any wood. We'd just moved in and we didn't have we didn't have any wood, a whole bunch of wood in the fireplace, so we had nothing to eat. We didn't have any electricity. Interviewer: Yes. 330: we used kerosene {X} lights Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh As good as I remember, I think we got fifteen cents a piece for those rabbits, those boys. {D: we'd take 'em} {X} {D: last minute} I'm telling you {D: about how awful} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Father {D: run the stove} he'd give {D: us} fifteen cents a piece for those rabbits Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 330: #2 then. # 330: {X} {D: big man farm, then people he} {X} Interviewer: {NW} 330: {B} once or twice a week {D: in summer} you know. I imagine he got a quarter for {X} but he gave us each fifteen cents a piece for those rabbits then. {X} {X} and, uh, we got {X} {D: cut down a big tree} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: and {D: we're heat} up in wood keep {D: boy} freezing. It didn't, he couldn't a meal couldn't {X} had to have {X} {D: to fight} had shoes, and metal spikes on them {X} see he always this {X} I guarantee you it was that deep. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: We had {X} a freeze and some of 'em then sometimes wrap a sack around {X} {X} had to keep it from {D: going off} in your shoes. That's the way we were hunting. And we'd get milk. I'd say we milked two or three cows, maybe four, five, I don't know, two, three. And then we sold we sold a little cream, my mother sold uh sold a little cream. Had a separator. Yeah we had one of those #1 cream separators. # Comment: #2 {C: tape run over itself} # 330: Turned it with our hands, just like cranked it that away. And pour this milk up in there, the milk would go one place, and the cream come out another {X} Got the cream alright. Then we got all that cream got separated, that's what we made our butter out of And we we really {X} milked {X} we had a big time we {D: each} {D: just chilling} and go play We {X} grew up, like I said we grew up hard we had the butter. We picked berries from mother's {X} {X} that and strawberry molasses we'd make molasses, we'd draw cane {X} cane and cut those {X} And then he'd make strawberry molasses. we made jam {D: everybody sweet} Course, my daddy wouldn't. And uh, we {X} But he got to catching bees. Anyway he we had a few beehives and we'd get some honey {X} once every year. Maybe about {X} I'd say round the middle of June. We'd rob the bees. {X} They'd bite you, too. Sting. We had a lot of sweets, that and we didn't buy much. what I mean, we raised, uh killing hogs hogs and kill 'em in the fall. I still have hogs and kill 'em. And, uh {NS} we raised five, uh, seven chickens I mean uh geese, my mother raised geese to make us feather beds and clothes out of. And I'd catch 'em, sell 'em, hatch 'em and I kept kept those geese. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 330: And she'd pet 'em and I {X} started off {C: repeated section of tape 'make us feather beds'} I'd have to hold the head {X} and grab 'em, you know for mother. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And pinch 'em. Heads in the little {D: saws in his mouth} He'd just shake, you know, but she'd my mother'd make you stand and hold his head while she picked 'em, she picked 'em and put these feathers in a sack. and then she'd get enough of 'em she'd make a pillow. She made feather beds. Interviewer: {D: you'd pull his all} 330: {X} That's what they raised was geese. {NW} geese {X} half a dozen. Interviewer: And then he grew 'em back didn't he? 330: Yeah, yeah I'd pick 'em. {X} picked 'em twice a year. Yeah, they grow back. Yes, uh the first thing you ever seen grow back. And they'd lay five {X} Interviewer: {NW} 330: {D: go out there, wait a little} {X} {D: I'd set 'em and} {X} Green hands {D: steeped 'em} and I was the one who done it. And I set them rascals old geese are feisty many times old gander would {X} Little ones called called {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And he'd {D: thread} going by and he'd grab run right after me just like a {X} If I'd run, he'd go too, right after me and course when I'd stop, he'd stop. {C: tape sounds like it's been run over itself} {X} chickens We had, my mother had a dozen of those chickens, and we {D: we got eggs} Interviewer: #1 What kind of chickens? # 330: #2 {X} # {X} Just uh general chickens they'd be {X} white white rocks, or {D: lay} ones Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: like binoculars. {X} most {D: ordinary} chickens. We had a lot of different varieties of chicken and and uh we {X} fact {X} is we {D: brought brought} the cream and uh those eggs we just brought to our grocery store Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 330: #2 we had to have. # We didn't have any telephones we didn't have any electricity, you know I didn't know what electricity was {X} at all. And uh little {D: corn} {X} Nowadays I don't see how #1 {D: everybody} # Comment: #2 {C: tape is replayed over itself here} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 330: #2 lives # or that there was kind of conditions. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And uh we {X} we went to school, too I went to school, like I said my sister, I got a sister. {B} She's going on seventy-four years old. She's several years older than I. {X} Interviewer: How old are you? 330: I'm sixty-seven this year. I'll be sixty-seven this year. {B} Interviewer: What um {X} so you said you you just went through the eighth grade of school? 330: I think that's all Interviewer: Is this school {B} 330: Only school I ever went to, only place I ever went in my life. I've got a bunch of pictures up here I can show you. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: When I started, I started at six years old. Do you want to look at them? Interviewer: #1 Yeah I'd like that. # 330: #2 Do you want to get that? # {NS} I've any {X} got to get my glasses, I can't {X} {NS} Interviewer: {NS} 330: {NS} {NS} {NS} This is a old they're folders. {D: I had 'em made} {B} when I was six year old. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: {NS} {NS} Interviewer: Are you in here? 330: Yeah. Yeah right here. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 330: #2 Yeah right here down here. # bout six years old Interviewer: yeah 330: {X} I had a sister there, I'll show you her. Interviewer: You both look funny to me. #1 Now # 330: #2 Huh? # Interviewer: now the clothes look a little funny to me. {D: little sick shirt} 330: That's my sister right here {D: the ribbon to me} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Now you see don't you see little grown men and uh and uh see little grown men Interviewer: #1 Oh yeah. # 330: #2 {X} # {X} All these grown women, they old you see {X} {D: grown man} and he's in his eighties. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And I was going to school there if you can even imagine. See they were they were they was eighteen, eighteen, nineteen, some of 'em mighta been twenty year old. And yeah the teacher right here this part right here Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} Interviewer: And you said {X} 330: Well they'd just get onto the line. {D: didn't get into no} trouble. Interviewer: {NW} 330: And I have a have another one here I'd reckon {D: it's a boy} That's me nineteen twenty. I think {B} right here in this one my teacher's right behind me here. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Yeah right here beside oh I see it got tired of it fourteen years earlier {X} That little girl standing right there beside him {X} four or five years old. {NS} {D: and yeah going again} I never did {X} {B} Interviewer: Hmm. 330: That's right here. Interviewer: Was your sister in this one? 330: No, my oldest sister, I have a I got a young one in this one I think I got a young one, a baby sister. {D: all these years uh} {NS} {D: let me see if I can start again} She's on this on that one no {D: let me find this one again} I got a baby sister {D: she's right here} {B} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: sister {NS} {NS} Interviewer: {D: what kind of sister, one} 330: {D: I wouldn't take nothing from her} Interviewer: {NW} 330: {D: I been more than giving} {X} {X} Interviewer: Yeah, you are {X} 330: {NS} Is that enough? {D: I wouldn't} {X} {NS} and {X} you know Interviewer: {X} you could name all {X} 330: Yeah I'd want to name 'em all {D: turn 'em in the paper} {D: I tell 'em} {X} instead of {X} a good little bit {NS} {D: then I went in with a with a kind of paper} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: then tore, see at the united {X} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: names. They said they doesn't want 'em mixed up {D: wasn't that nineteen ten} I don't know what it is about this one somebody called {X} {D: messed her up} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: My half I would say {X} {D: they were grown men} {D: I might've gotten a step} Interviewer: You just got all kinda books and things, don't you? 330: Uh-huh, yeah. So I can we'll get back on something else. Now you asked me {X} anything Interviewer: Okay well I guess so. Information about let's see, the church you go to 330: Well I don't go to church too much. I I my father and mother were Baptist Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: and my wife here belongs to the Methodists. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I have a nephew that's a Baptist preacher. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {C: tape is overlaid here back at 'father and mother were Baptist'} I never I never did join any church. There's a lot of things going on that I never did appreciate and go for they way they did, and I just there was any church, I just don't believe anybody like at a {X} church, they do things like they done {D: I never did never did join} Interviewer: Yeah. Um what work have you done? Mainly just farm, or {X} 330: I've farmed all my life, like you said I worked a tobacco company thirty-eight years before I had that heart attack. I never missed a a day. {X} Interviewer: And what company 330: {B} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: #1 worked thirty-eight years # Comment: #2 {C: tape is overlaid with 'all my life, like you said'} # Interviewer: What did you do there? 330: Worked down at at What where'd I do that? Interviewer: Uh-huh. What did you do there? 330: Oh! I did a lot of different things, I started out weighing tobacco. First thing you do is {X} {D: weighing and receiving tobacco in the warehouses} I had to weigh it #1 mark it up and then grind it up # Comment: #2 {C: tape overlaid with 'I did a lot of different things, I started out'} # 330: and then make up barrels {D: and put} nine hundred some ten pounds in a barrel, I'd make it up and then these boys would {D: tack it} and hand it to a {X} {D: and two-handed tug} {X} And course before I quit that's all eliminated, they just went in now to machines. and a big {D: thread} comes out of it {X} and uh {C: tape overlaid with 'before I quit'} all gathered up and we would protect {X} When I first started get a little crust to dry {D: dry up if you crushed it} And we I had to have {D: bowls} made {X} to get all packed up. Interviewer: You had what now? 330: bowls {X} {D: lead barrel} And uh they stand over here and {D: lay that tobacco} {X} They'd pick up this {D: board} and lay lay it over here Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: {X} someone would pack it on this side. Interviewer: What's that {D: half or half of} 330: The barrels are round Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: and they have both {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: and they {X} crack the back down then they {X} {X} {X} different men was bosses you know they were old men when I started down there I felt like a {D: school kid} {D: I was scared of him as a bear} #1 {D: he'd come through and # Comment: #2 {C: tape overlaid} # 330: #1 {X} # Comment: #2 {C: tape overlaid} # 330: And he was not {X} about the smoking. {C: tape overlaid} And now they'd do anything in the world and Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: handling handling rocks} {D: pay more attention to nothing nowadays} {X} {X} now but they still don't have the younger generation {D: north} all they have is money up there. They don't care nothing about product with their hands. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: #1 yeah. # 330: #2 like that. # Interviewer: Where was this tobacco company in {B} 330: no, they uh they {X} {B} When I started working for 'em once hired me well I {X} {B} uh-huh. Interviewer: How long did you live in {B} 330: I just I I just worked in {B} Interviewer: #1 Oh you worked there. # 330: #2 {X} # The man's {X} wouldn't hire me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: and uh I I hired a winter this young boy {X} I told him {X} but working {D: had me} years and I never did lose any time. Uh I had my babies born I lost a few hours. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} {X} You know I didn't get the whole day in but I worked some. And other than that that's the only time I lost any I wasn't ever sick or I didn't have to you know have to be out of anything. I worked regular and {X} I'd have to say that, they were really good telling me. I didn't get much money they didn't pay much [X} but it {X} {X} days, you know they grabbed {D: to raise that rate} every year I'd give 'em a little raise {X} the whole time I was there. When I quit I was making ninety dollars a week and they paid me solid. Through when I started {X} closed market closed Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Then they cut me off. And then next fall they picked me up again I kept {X} go get samples we'd go getting {D: cards} all over the country middle Tennessee and and places and pick up samples Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: for 'em and they'd send these samples to Richmond, Virginia to the laboratory and have 'em tested see how much nicotine {D: in 'em} before they go. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} low in nicotine As a matter of fact {X} get in on it If it was heavy they wouldn't buy too much. {C: tape overlaid, unintelligible} I went twenty-some odd years with uh in a {X} {X} {D: didn't happen to get those samples} and I enjoyed it of course. A lot of the time it'd be awful cold but we have a lot of fun, there's a lot of work too, now. fun, too. We enjoy I enjoyed it. Little man the {D: boss} now lives in South Carolina. He {D: begged me not to} Last year and the year before before year before last especially wanted to come down and said just run it. Course I told him I said {NW} you ain't telling me that, I said I know {X} I said no {X} {D: find your way in the world} It won't work. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: If they worked like we grew up {D: working} I wouldn't have enjoyed {X} {NW} Those boys wouldn't work. They want their money but they didn't want to do anything to get it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's why they all {X} Interviewer: Um. What sort of people do you see mostly? you mentioned you just loved traveling testing this tobacco, you know? Did #1 were you ever # 330: #2 Yeah? # Interviewer: active in clubs, or 330: Uh in clubs? Interviewer: Yeah or {NW} How is uh the people that I'm interested- What type of people do you come in contact with and how do you come in contact with them? 330: {D: via this club?} Interviewer: Just generally. I mean, like you say say if you never joined a church then most of your friends wouldn't be people that you'd meet at at your church. You you wouldn't be active at church. But are you active in in clubs or do you travel much or you know meet a lot of people? 330: Oh yeah I I been been round a lot of different folks. And uh had uh We used to have a little meeting here of teacher we had {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: that are had little meetings. We'd met meet once a week. He was helping us people that you know didn't get to have a {X} {C: potentially unintelligible speech from another woman, like his wife} {X} {D: I had my way, I don't say I did a lot} {X} he was taught in schools how to college or how to make a living farming Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: do these things you know and then I {D: bought up on} my father. {X} I wouldn't say that I changed a lot of ways but he had they had a {D: good items} alright. Interviewer: What about 330: {D: I could settle 'em and} {X} {D: what I did I did it that way} {D: if I didn't I wouldn't} change my way of doing it Interviewer: Uh-huh and is this related to farming? #1 {X} # 330: #2 Yeah mm-hmm yeah. # Yeah. Yeah we'd have a meeting once a week. We have 'em for years and then at the end of the schooling you know we'd have he called it a about a six eight weeks meeting he'd hold he'd hold about six eight weeks. And then uh then we'd have a big main supper. Get together a whole community we'd get together all meet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And I made my home here I don't know quite a few times and we'd have supper here. And have a big time oh we'd have a big Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 time. # 330: And he's still a good friend of mine. he put a took his boys over there {X} {D: and put a} {D: bean in the barncloth on me} about about a month ago. {D: and broke now} {X} he and his boys made me a {D: bean tin man} Interviewer: What what's a 330: in the back of the plow that I plow plowed my garden with {X} It's just a plow you use with a mule. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: and uh I plow my garden with it, yeah. Interviewer: And do you put a 330: I made a the {D: bean} in it {X} {D: the boys} was planting tobacco last year and I broke it out. And I got me a a great long piece for that business and {D: cashed over} and then worked on Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 it # put it in the in the shop, you know, and boy he took those boys and {D: they done fixed it} both holes in and put the pieces off my old one and put 'em back together on this one. And he it's like a brand new one. Interviewer: What's {X} {D: you call this place a bean}? 330: Yeah uh-huh bean. Interviewer: #1 What part is that? # 330: #2 Bean uh # Interviewer: And what does it do? 330: That's the main part. It just holds the feet thing to the plow. Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: See that bolt? And they have a thin hole same thing have a bolt goes through the thing in back to keep covered up your tobacco corn, anything, you can {X} anything with it. But I used I didn't I hadn't worked anywhere since I had that heart attack. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I just worked {X} I taught Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 oh I do anything. # Interviewer: You call this a tobacco plow, yes? 330: Mm-hmm, yes. Tobacco plow. Interviewer: What other kinds of plows are there? 330: huh? Interviewer: what other kinds of #1 plows # 330: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: are there? 330: What other kind of plows? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well we used to have a plow we broke our ground with turning plow. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Uh where two mules come and we had we had turn plow but we had three mules too. We'd put three abreast and Interviewer: What did you call this? What did you call the two mules that would work together? 330: The two mules yes uh we you mean this the uh two mules work the one plow? Interviewer: Yeah. Do you call that 330: Well uh I we have a we just called 'em two mules being working {D: to} each other. We had a doubletree. Interviewer: uh-huh 330: and then when we added we bought a bigger plow we there were three mules to it we had a triple-tree, we called it and same tree worked on {X} too. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} We called 'em uh two-team plow and a three-team plow. Interviewer: Two team? The team is two? 330: Yeah two mules. Interviewer: What about three? 330: And uh that that would be three team plow. {X} Interviewer: Let's see also I need to know a little bit about your parents where they were born what education they had what they do. 330: Oh uh I don't imagine they're get down to just tell the truth about it uh my father was elected {D: magistrate} course he went they went to school a little bit. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: but he didn't he didn't get his father died when he was right small He'd been raised right up here above me right on the other side of the road. That's where his father what broke his leg and died. and he fathers four boys {X} and the mother. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And my father was the oldest one. And he uh {X} made a living for Ma and he once {X} what schooling he could get go to. He was elected. He could read and write. He elected {D: magistrate} and served forty-two years and never was beaten till he got where he couldn't hear and then he resigned. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 330: #2 after # he served forty-two years as a {D: magistrate} in county court. You know what that is. Know they elect two out of the district, you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And he was elected we little ones {D: paid} {X} Where I told you I was born he was elected down there. And he went on till he held it forty-two years. He was getting up around eighty when he said he couldn't got where he couldn't hear what the questions they was voting on and he's hard time so resigned to get out so he quit. Interviewer: He was born here? in {B} 330: He was born right up there on this hill right above me down on the side of the road. In the community right above me. Interviewer: Yeah. What about your mother? 330: She was uh she was born up on above where I was raised at on a road on the left. they come in here I could tell you what my grand- what daddy did Alabama. And she was I imagine she was I'm I'm I'm pretty I'm uh pretty sure she was borned up there. My mother had a brother and a sister and then they had uh my grandmother had married before my father married and she had two girls down in Alabama. {X} {D: at the war} So my mother was born I'd I'd say up there above us up there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And her parents were from Alabama? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you know what part of Alabama? 330: No I just just don't Interviewer: #1 Alabama # 330: #2 couldn't tell you, just from # Alabama. {X} They was raising cotton. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And they weren't doing any good to come up here and decide the land was a lot better and thought they could make a better living. And they bought a little place I don't imagine {X} three four hundred dollars for the farm Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 I imagine. # Five hundred I'd sit outside {X} {X} Interviewer: And uh you wouldn't know anything about their education? 330: No I just mm-mm I don't know. Interviewer: Where you wouldn't know anything about your great grandparents would you? #1 Where they # 330: #2 Uh-uh. Don't # know anything bout where they went to school at or anything. I know my like I told you one of my uncles was a Baptist preacher and he had had a little course he he had a little education. He could read the Bible you know. {X} {X} I was small, had the measles and he he come see me every morning first thing {X} till I finally broke out. {X} come in one morning said 'God knows you right now.' {X} A good {X} says, 'you'll get alright now John.' He called me John. And I said, 'Well I hope so.' Everything tasted so bad. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: The red measles is tough I tell you. {C: tape overlaid here} Interviewer: What do you know about um your mother? You said education and 330: Daddy? Interviewer: Your well your mother's her education. 330: I imagine she I she went to school some. I imagine she probably got up to fourth, fifth grade, I don't know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I guess she could read right somebody got sixth grade {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I guess probably got up to sixth grade maybe. They could they could read the paper. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What um did she was she just a housewife? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about your father's um parents? 330: Well my father like I said he was his daddy broken his leg {X} And uh well after he broke his leg he uh I think his mind turned bad and he didn't live no time I don't think. {X} his name was {D: Clay} And he he was lord have mercy my daddy said he never had been no {D: white boy}. He'd get up {D: start climbing} before daylight. It just worked out {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. so they were just four of us there? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Were they born here in {X} 330: Uh I really don't know where my father's {X} born there but I know he lived right up here at a {X} cross the road up here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Well I don't know where he was born. he was he mighta he's born I'd say Tennessee, middle Tennessee I'd imagine maybe he was born in he didn't kinda {X} Alabama. Interviewer: Yeah. You wouldn't know where his family came from before that would you? Where his family your uh your father's side of the family where they came from before? 330: No I just said oh I bet {X} talk about they lived on this little farm, that's it for me. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 330: #2 and uh # and that's all they ever did speak of, about you know They I imagine he lived there when when he was maybe grew up there, I don't know. I never did well the fact of business is I just never did ask him. I was little you know young back then and I never did ask too much about him. I heard him talk about it now my grandmother lived on father's mother lived on a good while. Till they were old men and married. And the fact is she didn't die till World War One. And uh she uh talked to me about it {C: tape overlaid here} about the hard times they used to have, you know when daddy was {X} trying to make a living for the all those boys and then she up and married again. After he died after and they all married each other as old men she married an old man. and later I'd say four or five years maybe more I don't know how long but several years anyway, then she she died during World War One. One. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about your wife? Um how old is she? 330: My wife? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: She's she's fifty-nine. Interviewer: Okay. And she had a high school education right? 330: That's right. Interviewer: Okay. Um do you know anything about her parents, where they were from, or 330: Yeah uh I think I think they were raised down near {B} well her father was and her mother was raised down there too, I think, grew up down there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {C: tape overlaid here} 330: Her father her father was a {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {B} and her mother was a {B} she was named after and {B} her mother was and they been dead since {B} one day she died of a heart attack. Just as World War Two got over. She had three three boys isn't it? One of 'em got back here two or three days before she died and the other two was over in {X} when she died. But her father lived on up till he was almost eighty, I think good long while after that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I guess it's he been dead about eighteen years I'd say her father has something like that. Interviewer: Um is your wife real active in church or any #1 clubs? # 330: #2 Yes, she goes to # Methodist church Interviewer: Would you say she's active in it? 330: Yes she goes every Sunday. Interviewer: Okay um now I'd like to get some idea the house that you grew up in. Could you make a little sketch of it for me? 330: Well um Interviewer: Just sort of a where the rooms were you know? {X} Just on the back of this paper. 330: It's a it's a it's a big uh room so like I said the there was an upstairs and a downstairs and a basement. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh I guess we just {X} well {D: a bit the top} {C: tape overlaid here} and a Interviewer: Just show me how the rooms were. You know like you're looking at it from above. 330: Well uh you want the rooms pictured over here in this line? Interviewer: Yeah. Just like the room here was called so. You know that kind of thing. 330: Uh well {X} well and uh {D: well that well now that} {D: front rooms} here this here's the bedroom we called it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Bed bedroom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} And uh then uh the dining room was back in here Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: and then the kitchen was right here. Kitchen here and uh and uh this is uh dining room here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And this is the yeah 330: D Interviewer: Yeah. 330: dining and then kitchen Interviewer: Yes okay. 330: Kitchen. And uh then with the dining room here we had two big and we had uh big rooms and {D: the biggest lights you ever saw}. Now the upstairs I'm gonna get 'em mixed well that uh we got uh two big rooms. down here would be {D: and the stairs} I would how'd the best way to get it there {NS} uh Interviewer: Just show me where the stairs are and then like you know the 330: Well like well like {D: I was saying} we come in here Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: were stairs. And the front porch that porch, too Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 330: #2 would come right # down here like this {C: tape overlaid here} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} {X} And you'd come in off this porch well I believe it would be on this end here {D: red room} where the stairs really start. And they'd come on up and circle on like this. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And this is {D: up here} and up uh upstairs here and now there's where I slept. Bedroom. Interviewer: Is this is this upstairs now? 330: This is upstairs right here. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: That's where that's the room I slept in. And over here we had two more {X} rooms bedrooms. Slept in. and down here I believe I'm getting it mixed up over this here I've got it I oughta add this bit this other part down here cuz this is the bedroom. That's my father's slept in dining room and kitchen up there and then these bedrooms here. And this is oh that's what this is there'd need to be a porch here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Oh in here in this bedroom here you come in you come in the door here whatever door. Something like this and then this thing the stairway the long line comes in up here. Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: {X} And these others got one back over here that does the same thing going in these other rooms. It just it just winds comes along back up like that. Interviewer: This stairway? 330: Mm-hmm big stairway {X} and there was this is a basement. Well I had a basement. And then this porch here. The basement was lined with uh rock and brick walls and had two {X} {D: built in} you know it was a really built high. They say the brick was built made down in the yard. Interviewer: Hmm. 330: {D: and play time} and I've been told that. I couldn't guarantee that but that's what I've been told in my time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 330: And uh Interviewer: So you had a basement? And then how many rooms did you have on the first floor? 330: Uh in the basement? Interviewer: Uh 330: I mean up in Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 there? # Well up there was uh six six rooms I believe it was. Interviewer: #1 On the first floor? # 330: #2 {NW} # On the main floor. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And a bathroom we we finally put a bathroom in back here off of the kitchen we had a little room built. Had the well was in the porch here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Well had a Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 330: #2 and this is a # bathroom we had a the well was right here close to right here by the edge of the kitchen {C: tape overlaid here} turn the water off in the bathroom. Later when we got electricity Interviewer: So the kitchen was on the the kitchen how many bedrooms were on the first floor, on the main floor? Just one? 330: No there was uh two two bedrooms at twenty-some odd feet {D: square on the} first floor. Then there's another room there's another attic up there in the top we didn't put anything you coulda you coulda had rooms up in there but we just didn't Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 330: #2 talk about it. # 330: That that would've been four stories but we didn't have enough but this Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 {X} # Interviewer: So when you walked into the from the porch on into the house you were in what room? 330: In the bedroom. Interviewer: Uh-huh and then 330: And that's where I said the stairs the stairs came up where I slept at and my brother. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And my sister near me slept over in {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. So you were There were two big bedrooms? {D: down} was there anything where would company sit? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Where would company sit? 330: We we stayed down at their bedroom. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Where my father slept. Interviewer: And then you walked back into the kitchen? 330: Well right into the dining room and then Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 the kitchen. # Interviewer: And then there were three bedrooms upstairs? 330: Um well uh we we we had we would use 'em as you could make three {X} they was big rooms we didn't have but just a bed in each upstairs. {D: what if somebody put} room Interviewer: So you had two huge rooms upstairs? 330: Uh-huh in this attic and in the attic another room. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Oh well I said oh we didn't use it. We just stored stuff in that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Let's see so so you had two huge rooms upstairs and two huge rooms #1 downstairs? # 330: #2 Downstairs. # 330: And then we had here this uh this little bathroom kitchen and dining room. Interviewer: And the bedroom and the bedroom downstairs. 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: So two three bedrooms downstairs and a dining room and a kitchen. 330: That's right. Interviewer: I see. 330: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay tell me something about the how you got heating. You said you had #1 firewood? # 330: #2 Wood. # 330: Cut wood. Interviewer: What would you call you'd lay the wood down on the 330: On the dog iron. Interviewer: Okay. Um and the smoke would go up 330: Long chimney. {D: way the tallest one like a hey you I look at you and I seen that} {X} pretty sure that slavery was what made those brick right there in the yard. I've been told that and I I imagine that's true, course I couldn't guarantee that but I may know {D: what brick} were made there was old houses old old houses. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Course the my father spent too much on it {X} working on it and oh then a cyclone hit it twice. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: During the the period by the time we lived there when I lived there. We were milking and the barn we {X} and we were {X} I was milking in the milk barn behind the stock barn. Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: And the cyclone hit right one afternoon and it killed three cows {X} {X} I came to and my father's hollering crying oh lordy it had killed me. And uh I told him I came to there's a cow laying dead beside of me down on the concrete you know and I came to I jumped up and run inside. And pulled him out. I think I worried worse than he worried trying to pull him out from under the {D: living room steps}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I gave him I told him out on the road then my stepmother told him {X} {X} He was well that came {X} old country there {X} Interviewer: Mm. 330: {D: that's two minutes} {X} you don't have any and they just why you come walk up to this. Filled a room full of cars thing. And I can tell you what year that cyclone was. I imagine {X} round uh round nineteen {X} I think right round nineteen ten {B} when it came through. First and then another one came through. I wasn't living there. Tore uh one side and {X} the house off again. Had to put it back. We were we were gone. My father I had sold it he had died and {X} bought it. and he had uh he put it back he didn't have anybody living in it he had bought it but wasn't anybody I don't think living in there I don't think that second time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: But it killed three cows the first time. In the barn I was milking in, the milk barn. I just a miracle to be living already. {NS} Interviewer: Was a is a milk barn different from a regular barn? 330: Mm-hmm built behind it yeah it joined it but it's behind it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: On each side of it back behind had the straining room where we kept the milk at was there on the south side of it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: {X} Interviewer: Did you ever have a special place for milking cows outside? 330: Uh yeah we after that barn blew away we built another milk barn on the to the we had to build another barn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And then we built a sixteen by eighteen foot shed on the east. {X} {C: tape overlaid here} {C: tape overlaid here} Interviewer: Okay um {NS} so you had that shed 330: Mm-hmm. Concreted and fixed airtight you know wasn't nothing couldn't get in. {D: all you got you got a lock tight on} we first started selling milk we didn't have a thing we just milked 'em right out there in the lot. I was young. Started Interviewer: What what's a lot? 330: Just pasture lot you know where they run at past we drove 'em up past there in the lot milked 'em and {D: set in the spring} big spring down there. And cooled it and that's where they hauled it {X} what you would you talked to him, didn't you? {X} Interviewer: I don't know if I see him. 330: Yeah I said you to talk to well then he started holding our milk then back there when I was a young boy and that's where we milked the right there and set it in the spring. And then they got getting tight on it and tighter on it you know {D: and it's all real different} Interviewer: What do you mean tight? 330: Half bottles you know {D: had to they} got {X} we went for years and years and used ice. We didn't have electricity you know. Interviewer: You used ice? 330: Mm-hmm. To cool it. Big boxes set the milk over in it. And then about three hundred pound block of ice. Put the ice in the box and it'd stay there till it {D: just wh- they get too low with it with all} milk truck would bring us another three hundred pound block. {D: loads in there} That's where we cooled it. Until we got electricity and then we got a refrigerator you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Set them box Interviewer: What'd you call this box? 330: Ice box? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Just 330: Used to call a regular ice box or the milk the milk cooler, we we just it held water it's we uh well I mean we called it the milk cooler. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. This was different from a spring? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: How would you use the spring just for yourself? 330: {D: we wad 'em wad 'em} {D: washed 'em off the top up you know that pump} um Interviewer: Uh-huh 330: Holes like you know to pray wash up in your barn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And use the water in your spring but uh they finally made a bigger well down there I think after we sold it my father died and I sold it. Finally had to dig a well. Interviewer: What um okay now talk about a fireplace um the open well that part right there in front of the fireplace. 330: Hearth? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay #1 um # 330: #2 Hearth. # Interviewer: and the thing that goes up across there that you set vases on. 330: The jamb. {NS} Interviewer: What? 330: Jamb. What the those bricks setting on? Interviewer: What what part is that? The {NS} 330: That's what I call this. Jamb. Interviewer: Hmm. So just the sort of the top part of the that's still the fireplace. 330: It it it's a I we called it the jamb that's what I've always called it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: That there what the holds on it's a big piece of metal Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It cut across there in the brick and set on it you know you see. Interviewer: Oh I see. 330: And it's got a a ventilator up in it. Mine has, now of course our old ones didn't you know, you cut it off and at if you wanted to use electricity all electricity we I use that we use that all the time, I {X} fireplace but if you wanted to use electricity and keep it you'd just flip that thing down in there and {D: just airtight} {D: up in the chimney, see} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And you can keep your air in here, hot air in here. Interviewer: What about that board that goes across the up there 330: Mantel? Interviewer: Yeah. You ever heard that called anything besides that? 330: Mantelpiece is all I {X} is all I I guess all you all I believe it's all I've ever heard it called. Interviewer: Mantelpiece? 330: Mm-hmm. Mantelpiece. {NS} This here we called it the mantel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay say you were gonna make a fire or build a fire first of all {NS} you might if you're gonna start the fire you might use this kinda wood that 330: Kindling? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Get up and kindle it. {C: tape overlaid} {X} Get some kindling, put it in there and uh get your get you some matches {X} a lot of old people did, I never did but a lot of old people heap of 'em would get {D: cogs} and soak 'em in kerosene and lay 'em lay 'em down there and set a match to 'em and start 'em like that. But I never did do it always just have me some uh kindling I'd put up kindling. I have it in the old garage out there and I keep it in there all the time and just bring lay it in there and now I might take some paper and light the paper and then stick it on there you know like that and start it. And it don't take but a few minutes to get really going. I keep this seed wood too you know {X} {D: oh it really burns} Interviewer: What about that you might take a big piece of wood and keep it at the back 330: Back stick? Interviewer: Okay. What 330: You you've seen some wood then. You been around fireplaces? Interviewer: I I never really paid that that close attention. 330: Yeah we uh I have back stick, put it on the back stick. Every morning. Interviewer: Okay. 330: {D: but use one today} and that burns up and at night my my mother used to we she cooked a lot Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: My mother would we'd have jam and had a whole {X} {D: up there} had a metal out of metal pot. We had a big old black pot {D: the way you ever saw one} And a handle on it. {NS} {D: it had a} Y come down and and uh hook come over singletree I'd say that's what it looked like to me, I'm not even sure that's where it came from or what {D: singletree workers} {D: work on mules} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And she hook that thing in there and she'd put her beans uh peas uh something she's wanting to cook slow Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And they'd cook cook 'em in that pot there on that and I've seen 'em {D: my uncle} {NS} uncle {B} come from Alabama lived with us moved back with us and lived with us. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh after we got up {D: later} and uh {D: I'd go he'd go boy come over and eat} {D: supper with me he he was old} when I say old I thought he's old he was seventy years old about I was a kid like you know and I enjoy he'd want to go possum hunting. At night. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And he'd beg me said {D: to Johnny when you get} get through milking don't go eat supper now said {D: Betty that's his wife} she'll have supper cooked for us and we'll get two or three good possums {D: tonight} So I go out and she cooks she had a uh uh thing oven thing oven called like iron and and cooked 'em made that stuff bread stuff and cooked it on in the fire. Interviewer: Yeah. Did that have little legs on it? 330: Uh-huh. Interviewer: That oven? 330: Yeah. Cooked it in there and that was the best bread I thought I'd ever eaten in my life. {D: from ten years since then} And she'd cook us stuff right on that meat stuff right in that thing on that fire. Interviewer: What'd you call that bread do you remember? 330: {C: tape overlaid} Uh I just wouldn't know. Hardly hardly asked uh I'd call it a hoecake. But I don't remember if that's exactly what she called 'em that hoecake I thought best bread I just all together you know just great big thing in that oven and a big rack of skillet big thing and sitting in that fire. And she just make up this corn bread stir it up make it up and pour it in there and put a top on it. And cook it so long and make it was it tasted as good as cake to me. I really enjoyed it. Really enjoyed it. Then after we'd get through eating our supper we'd go {C: tape overlaid} get us a lantern that's all we had, didn't have a flashlight {X} take this lantern old {D: coal light lantern} {D: dog a tree} and he set the lantern on my head and asked me if I could get his eyes possum up in the tree Interviewer: Yeah 330: {NW} I'd say I got him I got him whoa don't shoot yet, don't shoot yet wait wait let me tell you when to shoot John you're getting you're trying to get too quick now son, just wait let me tell you when to pull the trigger. He'd say you see his eyes now? I'd say yeah. Pull the trigger! Uh I {X} possum would hit us on the head {X} {D: come out of that} and I killed a coon one time like that. Dog tree I didn't know it was a coon thought it was a possum. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And uh I had it lying on my head and I I said I can't get but one eye! {D: you seen one eye} cuz that's that don't sound like a possum, John, that sounds like a coon. I said one eye's all I'm getting. Interviewer: Well I guess that 330: He he wouldn't let you get coons unless you see one time he liked possums. And uh so we he said look good now I'll tell you when to shoot. {D: say} I said well I- I- I'll I'll shoot one eye I ain't gonna he ain't never showed me the other one. I don't see but one eye. He said pull the trigger. I I shot me the biggest coon like hit us on the head you ever seen me {B} {D: that named after} that's a coon, t- ain't a possum and it was a grand big coon. {D: ring necked coon} tell you a ring tail coon. Interviewer: How did you shoot holding that lantern on your head? 330: I he held the lantern Interviewer: Yeah but 330: he held the lantern and I held the gun. He had the lantern sitting right on top of my head take my hat off set the lantern up on my head and I had to sight up that straight up in the tree that gun with that light {X} too much light now if we had good lights like you do now they I've got a light in there my kids give me look like a freight train. Just click a button on now if we'd had a light like that we could really hunt but we didn't have it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: We'd go fishing here in our {X} he was the best fisherman I ever saw. Every time we'd come up the rain, get the creeks muddy he'd want to go catch us a mess of fish. And he'd catch 'em just as fast as you could pull the hook in. I couldn't get 'em back mine I'd make {X} one with him you know he'd fix me one I never could catch one. I didn't know how. But he'd catch a great big string of catfish every time we'd go. {D: but he just liked to} do it when he's young you know Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And he poor fellow was the first fellow I ever seen die of cancer and he great big man he'd tell me, I can remember this as well as if it was yesterday he said Johnny I've got to leave my flesh away says I'll live quite a while but says I'm gonna die, I'm gonna leave y'all and I says um {X} you don't know that you don't know when you're gonna die he says yes I do. {X} he had waited on the world of people that's what he {D: fact of most what he did} {D: was set those folks and wait on 'em bunch of day} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And and then he had said people said had cancer he told me he knew and he knew he had it. Well he did. He lived on till he wasn't as big as nothing. When he finally died. Just lived his did it like everything got where he couldn't eat got where long time couldn't eat couldn't keep nothing on his stomach you know just kept falling off falling off till finally he died. Interviewer: Mm. 330: That's a awful way to die that was that cancer but they there's a lot of 'em you know look like me that well we didn't hear as much about it back then when I was a little fellow. Sixty years ago well you do now we looks like all our family's old dying now with it you know just world of people dying. Some of 'em young too you don't have to be an old person now to have cancer and die. My school teacher, the one I was telling you about a little I was standing in her her husband died with it had leukemia, didn't live no time, I didn't even know he was sick. And he died just right now. Interviewer: Okay um talking about a a fireplace that um the black stuff that forms in the chimney 330: Soot? Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you burn something down completely all that would be left would be 330: Ashes. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay let me see the chimney would you call what if you had something sorta like that um in a factory you know that the smoke goes through? 330: {D: a smokestack} Interviewer: Okay. Is that that the same type of thing 330: Factory yeah used to when I would go to town on a wagon we'd haul tobacco stuff down there {D: them smokes} uh way big smoke pipes. And they's burning coal stuff you know and you'd see they come out smoking {D: bawl out 'em} early in the morning they'd light 'em up you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And they'd {D: tell you the truth about it all Nashville} would be covered up in smoke. That's how everything was heated you know burning coal and everybody used it of course. Smoke pipe. {NS} Stack, smoke stack. That's what they called it. #1 Pipe # Interviewer: #2 Smoke # 330: Smoke stack pipe. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Okay. Um and talk about kinds of furniture um what would you call this thing that I'm sitting in now? 330: Well that's a it's just a rocking chair or kind of a rocking chair living room chair something I don't {X} This is what I'd really call a rocking chair. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And that's just a living room chair I reckon you could call it course you {D: some rock in it} {D: rock in it} but I'd call this a rocking chair right here.{NS: knocking} Interviewer: What what about something longer than a chair that two or three people can sit on? 330: Sofa? Interviewer: Okay. Any other names for that, or different types, or 330: devonette I guess some of 'em might call it {X} do do they call 'em devonettes? Interviewer: Yeah I've heard that word. Is that 330: I believe I've heard someone call it I I've always called it sofa see we had one over there sitting over there against the wall Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And lots of 'em made I don't know lots of 'em had well you can turn it down and make a bed out of it you know I expect you've seen those, haven't you? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Just pull 'em down if you ever have some extra company need a bed just pull it down put your mattress on it spring you know let 'em sleep on it. {X} Interviewer: Okay what about um the furniture you might have in your bedroom to it has drawers in it you put clothes in it. 330: Chest of drawers. {X} Uh uh well you used used to used to have a old {NS} we didn't have {X} you know like you said about that and you'd have these things to may uh {NS} uh {D: wash stand} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And ch- an- chest of drawers. Interviewer: What about something that did the same thing as a closet that you you know you hang your clothes up in 330: Hmm that was a Interviewer: But it's not built in 330: Mm I know it I know what you're talking about I can't can't think of what called it then. It was a uh wa- I guess it's a wardrobe. Wardrobe. I guess. Wardrobe. Interviewer: Okay what about something that had a mirror to it? 330: That was a that's just like a mine in the in the in the room here now that's a dresser. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Dresser. Interviewer: Okay and um what general name would you have for uh tables and chairs and sofa and beds so forth you'd call that 330: Well uh {NS} you'd have {NS} dining room set for your kitchen and and uh I mean dining room uh course we have one in our dining room and then we have one in the kitchen too table dining room chairs and we used to eat in the kitchen but we we had extra company we'll eat in the dining room just in here we have here for that too in the in the china ca- cabinet but the kitchen I mean dining room and then the kitchen you have we got uh shelves made you know used to used to be kitchen cabinets. Old time my mother all we had was a kitchen cabinet. She stored her dishes and stuff in it. But now you know there are we got cabinets built around the wall in the kitchen all around and they pull open you know put this and that in it you know Interviewer: Did you ever have a little room built off the kitchen? To put canned goods in and dishes in? 330: No I never have had a we never have had to here now like I said up home they had a they had a great big old thing in the back in the kitchen Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh she kept all her cooking stuff and Interviewer: What'd you call that? 330: I I can't I think she called it a cupboard. I believe that's what she called it. It was a cupboard. Cupboard. Interviewer: Was it a little room or just a 330: Great big old piece of furniture set back Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: had to fit in the corner. Just fit fit tight kinda in the corner latched it like it was a just kinda {X} well it would really bring some money one of those old things it would now you know you'd have to clean it up you know take it out it'd really bring. And my mother had uh uh her daddy give her a clock uh they were there it had two girls and a boy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And those clocks you might be interested in, I never did see nothing like it before. But you wind 'em up with a big weight. Interviewer: Hmm. 330: Just wind 'em up with a big weight go up there and top is locked and it runs twenty to twenty-four hours {D: with get down} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Then you wind him up again. And he had a watch his watch he fought in the war with he give it to his son my uncle Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And it had a key. Only watch I ever saw in my life had a key to it to wind up. To wind that watch up with. {D: I thought that was something sure enough} Interviewer: What war was he were you referring to? 330: th- th- that was when they fighting the Northerners to free the slaves he was fighting. Interviewer: That's really way back there. 330: That's that's right. Yeah. Now that that great big watch he kept perfect time Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And I'll never forget it, he told me he told 'em all over time he wanted to boy to have a watch and his girls to have a clock each one have a clock and that's where he got 'em. {X} my my mother died not too old {D: and then my step} {D: father married another} woman she tore that clock up and {D: sell knew I had it} {D: come out} wanting to buy it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: After {C: tape overlaid} but she she made her medicine we kept it out of it she said she wanted it she took all the works out of it Interviewer: Mm. 330: made a medicine medicine cabinet out of it. I took we had that old watch now {D: they're like bells} I got that old bell last me I never have put it up I don't know what you'd call it. I bought it but I never have put that I I think they give a hundred dollar picture big old bell red big old line bell you put 'em up on a post have a wire to it you {X} my mother would come out catch that wire pull it {X} great big kno- uh thing inside of it you know swing down hits each side when it comes up Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Ding dong dingling at you and the mules go to braying they know their dinner time when they that bell was ringing you know {D: you couldn't they'd run to the end} {X} our mules would. That may sound funny to you but uh that's uh that's the sure truth. They just you couldn't hold 'em in the field when the bell rang. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They'd know it was dinner time was quitting. {X} thing I ever seen in my life. Interviewer: Well they didn't get fed now did they? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: You fed the mules? 330: Yeah took them put 'em in the barn {X} give 'em let 'em you know return to {X} take 'em put 'em in the barn and give 'em corn. Interviewer: What um say this is something that you might have hanging in the window to keep the the sun out something you can pull down. 330: Window shade? Interviewer: Okay that's just one solid piece of 330: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Window shade. Interviewer: Okay um and what would you call a lot of old worthless things that you're about to throw out? 330: Throw out of what place Interviewer: Oh just just say something just old worthless furniture it's no just no good anymore you just say that it's nothing but a piece of 330: Junk? Interviewer: Okay. And what would you call a room where you use to store just odds and ends you know things that you didn't need particularly. 330: Uh I well that's like I said that's what way we did up by my dad we called it attic ours was I guess you could say down in the basement Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Cuz we got everything our fruit {X} have all kinds of ice flavors stuff anything we don't freeze you know first time we put all our fruit pumpkins taters sweets {X} and kraut everything in the world down in the basement. But the attic and then there we done my mother there we had good basement up there and we kept that stuff down in that down in the ground, basement up there and you could keep it in here I keep stuff you don't want down there in the basement. {X} {D: spring here come and go sprouting} good time to come up be planning to come up but it it'd keep just as good as {X} {X} and my mother used to my step mother and mother both used to keep in that basement now {X} had step going down in it we just dig our taters and put 'em down there have 'em all year. Interviewer: Mm. How'd you get from the it had what going down in it? 330: Steps. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Had had steps. Concrete steps going down into the basement. Interviewer: Would you use that same word steps to talk about going from the first story to the second story? 330: Upstairs? Interviewer: Yeah. Would you use the word steps? 330: I guess so we {C: tape overlaid} {NS} {NS} {D: let's see somebody's there uh} yeah uh {D: stairway} now let me see how how did you ask that now? About the steps? Going going where? Interviewer: Ups- to the second floor. 330: Mm-hmm. Yeah stair stairway steps. That's what we called those. Interviewer: What about outside say for the porch? To the 330: House like we had up there? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well {NS} here's what this we had a a big porch and concrete steps coming up on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh my father stayed out there on it our front porch he stayed that's where he sat {D: sat on down to read the paper come in} he get the paper sat there rest the day and read. He done got old you know, he didn't have to do nothing and he he sat out on that paper and my mother went {NS} down the {X} course I don't know whether you're interested {X} uh {D: well} {D: had some} nephews and {D: live in hands they would} work with me all the time {D: you and me} {D: Sam who did all the work} my nephews were going to school. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh my brother died {X} and uh they they we moved them around the house with 'em and they was living with me. My sister in law and my nephews little boys. And one of 'em they bought a car they got I got to letting him raise a little tobacco too and uh so they bought him a car. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And this hand well they had a lot of fun out and they thought a lot of it. And them boys would pick at him, they lived close together. Two houses were close together. One where my sister in law lived, and this hand. And uh {C: tape overlaid} just one of those boys asked him says {C: tape overlaid} can you drive a car, Dick? {D: cuz we called him Dick} {D: think it was Richard} he said sure yeah. Sure yeah I can drive one. So this nephew of mine started up and told him to {D: take off} my daddy set up on that porch we had a picture of it for years I don't know where that {D: some of it} {D: mighta been here oh what} but he he {D: cocked the seat up over one of those big holes} and sit there and drive back in the rocking chair you know and read {D: and that's where he sat} right close to that concrete step now great big step coming up into the the middle of the porch {D: and this} {D: car} {D: flew} and and it run up over the second or third step {D: about the guys} {D: he fell about out of the chair and he} {D: all the laughing} you ain't never heard laughing {D: and this boy} pull his hands loose from the wheel he just {D: froze} {D: was locked tight} {X} And he scared 'em to death {X} scared him so bad like to die Interviewer: {NW} Okay um did you have a porch on the second floor? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Did you have a porch on the second floor? 330: No I bet I come out up there on the on the second up on the top of that porch Aux: Some of 'em did though. 330: Huh? Yeah no we didn't have one is what I'm saying. But I come out on the top of that porch many a time. Got out on it. Done stuff. It just it just come right up to them windows up there. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Then like I told you they had a attic {D: there's one on up} another story but we'd all we'd use was put the junk stuff in it up there we never did go up in there did nothing but put junk in it. I'm going out on that porch lot of time. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Do stuff every {D: almost class} you know, I'd get out there Interviewer: Were there different names for different types of porches? Like a porch on the second floor or little porch off the back door, or 330: Yeah back porches and front porches There's {X} any about I guess would be a that little porch would be called something different if you had one you know come out that second story I don't know what it'd how they'd ba- well it'd be a balcony porch I guess wouldn't it. Balcony Aux: I never heard of 330: Huh? Aux: {NW} 330: {X} It had to be if you called it a {D: porch it'd have to be from a} it'd come out from up top. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I guess it would be a balcony. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Okay talking about daily house work you'd say that a woman does what every morning? To her house? She has to 330: First thing she has to cook the breakfast meal. And uh wash the dishes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And she cleans cleans up the house. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And and my wife {D: has me milk} Aux: Everybody don't have to do that. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And uh then she {D: has her weave and has her hands} and then she usually go to making preparation about cooking for those hands get on up and for dinner time. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: we usually have two or three hands every day we feed workers for us on the farm. {X} Highest ten twelve at a time but most time just two or three something like that. Interviewer: Yeah. Aux: {D: I had six yesterday} Interviewer: What about um years ago on Monday what kinda work did women do? 330: {D: washed} I'd say that about the real thing after they got through Aux: Was breakfast 330: Breakfast. {D: say were all washed} {D: only thing I ever knew of} Interviewer: What about Tuesday? 330: Well Aux: I had those clothes washed the day before. 330: They would they would get 'em done they would do the ironing I guess you'd say . Interviewer: Would you have a word for um doing this washing and ironing together is there another word for that? Aux: Not that you know of. Interviewer: {NW} 330: Well I guess {X} uh-huh Interviewer: Okay um and the thing 330: I guess ironing Interviewer: The thing that you sweep with, what do you call that? 330: Broom? Interviewer: Okay. Um suppose the broom were in the corner and the door were open so that the door were sort of hiding the broom you'd say that the broom was 330: And and and behind the door? Interviewer: Okay. And um if the door was open and you didn't want it that way, you'd ask someone to 330: To move it. Interviewer: Okay if the if the door is open Aux: Close the door. Interviewer: and 330: Oh you meant you mean the door was open I didn't want it like that tell 'em to close it. Interviewer: Okay or another word you might use is Aux: Shut it. 330: Shut. Shut the door. Interviewer: Okay. Um and what do you call the boards that lap over each other on the outside of the house like this 330: Shingles? Interviewer: Okay but on the outside. I mean on the 330: Siding? Aux: No no on wood. {D: summer} what do you call that? Like you put on a barn. 330: {C: tape overlaid} Aux: {D: you don't have anything to do with that} You don't call it siding, you call it um 330: Boxes? Interviewer: You ever what's the 330: #1 Weatherboard? # Aux: #2 Weatherboard. # Weatherboard. {X} 330: {D: weatherboard, shingle house down here we} shingles and the weatherboard lot of 'em is weatherboard Aux: Weatherboard is what she's trying to do though #1 She said {X} # 330: #2 Weatherboard is what # Interviewer: Yeah is that different from siding? 330: Mm-hmm. Aux: Lay down 330: Weatherboard {X} {X} most uh was out of poplar. And uh back way back {X} Aux: It was in siding it's made some some of it out of aluminum and some out of that uh uh those asbestos shingles 330: Well uh the that Aux: But the 330: weatherboard was Aux: siding made out of aluminum you see. 330: No, weatherboard. Aux: Oh well it's long 330: Siding Aux: I know, just like 330: {D: shed you with like mine did} {X} shingled. And they have two or three different kinds of stuff. {X} shingles where the shingles are Then I don't know it brick some people like brick and I want to {X} I want shingles on a building. I still ain't {D: decided by the way} I could I'll uh I'll come out {X} {D: basement where we could lay brick} {D: if we ever wanted to break the earth} blocks you know, where you just {X} Did I get did I get you right the weatherboard and what you're really interested in? Interviewer: Yeah I think you answered that. Um what do you 330: Saw it you saw it into thin one edge the other you just lay up in you drop back an inch Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And you tack it. Aux: {X} 330: Laps in that's what you you just run then you paint it they paint it you know. {NS} Interviewer: Okay what what do you um call the top part of the house you call that the 330: Roof. Interviewer: Okay. And what about the um things on the edge of the roof that carry the water off? 330: Gutters? Interviewer: Okay. Is that built on, or built into it, or 330: No, you just uh it's uh got a little things that goes back up under there and and attach it on those shingles Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: holds it at that gutters. And they run the water off of it used to years ago there wasn't any didn't see no gutters on the especially in the country you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: But now everybody every home is I reckon built with gutters on it. Put gutters I know that my daddy's home didn't have no gutters on it. Aux: Just poured all the way around. 330: Come on off {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Okay what if you have a house in an L um what do you call the place where the two come together 330: Uh L Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Um valley is it a valley? I've heard it before {D: fixing a valley in a roof} {C: tape overlaid} 330: Well it's you talking about the roof joining coming {D: build two different} sections of it and and Interviewer: No on the roof 330: On the roof? Oh well that would be a Aux: I thought they called it a valley. 330: Well you do have a valley for a you know your your put a drain Aux: {X} 330: {D: drain can have} put that in and they tuck your shingles in {D: and run it off} I don't think you call that a valley. Interviewer: Okay um 330: Course I hope {X} and we'd put that metal up that up this call that gutter like up there then and then they were shingles come out on it you know and then the water runs through down that {X} gutter. I guess it'd be a valley. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Okay um what did you call outdoor toilets? 330: {D: capital I do} Interviewer: What's that? 330: Capital. Aux: Privy 330: Privies. Capital I always call it a capital. Privy When I went to school down here the girls had one we we never did have one down there. {X} {X} Aux: thing you said Interviewer: Yeah I got it. You never had a Aux: {X} 330: We went to the bushes. Back there in the bushes {X} my teacher {X} Why I don't see why they had one Aux: She didn't ask you all that, she just a- asked you what she asked you {NW} 330: The girls had one. Down there but the boys we didn't have one we had go back there in the bushes. Aux: {D: when I went to school with my mama was like a} 330: {X} Aux: Eight years is not much different. 330: We ca- most days we called 'em capitals, I {D: privies} Interviewer: Any joking words? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Any joking words? Aux: Yeah what {NW} 330: Well I I don't know of nothing {X} {C: tape overlaid} {X} {D: they were home} back then most of 'em I guess there were they had some kind of one of 'em some kind of another you know for the home. Most people called it privies I don't know {D: in their homes} Interviewer: Okay what would you call the building where you store corn? 330: Crib. Interviewer: Okay what about a building or a part of a building where you'd store grain? 330: Well there there's bins they got the bins store grain in uh you could store it in the crib. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: You know. But they got a regular metal bin now that people can buy store the beans or wheat or something other blow it in there keeps it the wheat I never got too many cribs down at the barn I'd st- used to put corn in 'em and I still buy feed put in 'em. Interviewer: Did you always have bins? Was there another 330: They got three bins, yeah I got a green {D: right yonder in back} {D: folks used to live here} {D: grew a} enormous amount of wheat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And the {X} cribs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Where they could store I'd say you could store several thousand bushels. Interviewer: Was this granary? 330: I got a granary right here, yeah. Interviewer: What's that? like 330: It's got a great big it's just a building small building and it's got two {X} I called 'em bins {D: got a partition between 'em} and uh they'll hold I'd say they'd hold oh five hundred bushels each one of 'em would side {C: tape overlaid} and then you got things down in it {D: the basement this one had a basement} and the one time was a was a man and his wife lived in there had a baby lived in there down at the the bottom of it {D: had a pipe} they run out the window cut the metal put it in there and they cooked and lived in that granary. Down in the bottom of it. {X} ever I seen. I used to play ball with 'em. {X} {X} And those those fine things those things they had it down there where you just hook your sack up and just fill up the sack push thing back {D: back there} close it up and just take it out and tie it then hook it up again {D: right atop another} Interviewer: How how would they load it? From the side or the top 330: {D: had a door} and load it down at the bottom just pull up outside the door and just pitch 'em on the truck or wagon course it's all wagon then wasn't a thing as a truck. Interviewer: Where would you store hay? 330: In the loft. Barn back mine in back years ago we all called 'em lofts nowadays they building 'em now {D: kinda expenses} they just they just put up shelves. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: and stack a hay store it on the ground over here then there'd be a little rack over here for the cow feed the cows {D: each side of it} side over here that's way they build most of the barns now. See and they don't cost too much that loft costs a lot, just like building a two story house you know, it adds a lot of extra money expense to it. Interviewer: What do they call these things that they build now? 330: Uh they just call 'em I uh cow cow sheds, the cow barn, I don't {X} Interviewer: That they keep hay in? 330: Mm-hmm just {D: start on ground I got} {NS} sister-in-law up there we go {X} {D: we've ever been} we just start back up there and start unloading 'em on the ground and just just kinda go up there and {X} top of the shed now they don't build 'em too high you know {D: go up on the shed} And then and then he uh winter come, they got racks built inside and he lift throw that hay over there in the racks cows go in there and eat. Interviewer: What about if you had too much hay to put in the barn? 330: Stack it outside. Interviewer: You'd call that a haystack? 330: Mm-hmm. Stacking it Interviewer: Yeah. You ever heard of a hayrick? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: What's that? 330: Well {D: they} uh back years ago we hold hay loose Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh well there to tell the truth about it there wasn't a heap of people just didn't have a barn or {X} {D: lots of folks didn't have room to take care of one} {D: six to eight loads of hay} in their little barns and uh they would stack it outside. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {D: a rick it one} some of 'em called it Ricking would be making a big one, a stack we we'd dig a hole, I've done it a million times Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Uh dig a hole in the ground and uh cut a pole about oh twelve foot deep or tall I'd say maybe fifteen and dig a hole and put it down in there about two feet and then we'd uh {NS} just take this hay and {D: come up out of the wagon} {D: throw it off and I'd} sit on the ground just place it round the corners all around me keep working around that pole and keep it tight round the pole so we'd keep {X} and they spring that hay would be just as sound as it would if it had been in the barn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It'd just turn, we'd have it like {D: just turned right off} {X} Interviewer: This was a stack 330: A stack well we'd just we'd just make a big block same way and come up on it like that on top and it it would drain off each way corner just like a house does. Interviewer: Wait which is the the stack you'd have the pole in the middle. 330: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What about the rick? 330: Well I've said we we'd make a a {D: real long} real long uh uh a stack of hay just like across this room here and we'd stack it just keep going up the {D: going about where we're going to make it shorter} {D: to drain it} and then we'd go to bring it in grab a bring 'em in {X} and up top we'd we'd run up a sharp point like and that run water off. Interviewer: So it's not going around a circle? 330: It'd just just run off like coming off a house now. Interviewer: You said the shoulder? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Shoulder the is that the point? 330: That's where we'd start and make it going to a point like. The shoulder we'd put say we'd put ten loads with hay in it main part of it and then we'd say well that's going to be about we ain't got so many more loads, we'll just cap off with them fix it then we start a shingling back, bringing 'em up coming on up then let it be right sharp like up in the top and that's what it really {D: threw it away but now you can keep it} {NS} I kept hay the other way but it wasn't as good as good a way as the other way was with a pole. Interviewer: So you didn't have a pole at all? 330: Hmm? No not that rick. Interviewer: You didn't have anything. 330: Didn't have anything at all. Just a I made I have a a post up Aux: Some people did though 330: You could throw you could throw some brakes down if you wanted to but they Aux: Yeah but I've seen I've passed places where you have that pole {D: you can see part of it} 330: What? Aux: A pole. {X} 330: {X} stack but this other rick is a different {X} a big rick Aux: Well I thought that's what she was talking about. 330: We talked about it. I told her stack we had a pole, dug a hole and put down in the stack Mr John why old man learned me how to do that when I was just a kid. Aux: They didn't bale hay like then 330: It was all loose, kinda loose in the barn but many barns my father had big barn tops whole world of hay but uh many folks lot most people didn't have barn with a hold more than we had a man lived there next to my neighbor my daddy he had hay I best say out that twenty years in them stacks. He wouldn't ever sell one. He'd trade it neat He'd just keep putting 'em up new ones {X} Interviewer: What um you know when you first cut the hay and you let it dry and everything um what do you call the little piles of hay that you rake up you know and then take a pitchfork 330: Well shock 'em, we called 'em shocks we used to shock it when you're hauling it loose and now we wind windrow it for the baler you see. {D: have a side rake} runs out there now and just turned like that just picks it up rows it over and then the baler comes along and bales it. They crimp 'em now, my boy crimp 'em now he crimp and you can the sun is shining you can bale it in twenty-four hours. After you crimp mash the juice out of it it just dries up right now used to it'd take three three days at least maybe four days before you could bale it you just cut it down with all the juice in it you know leave it there to dry. Interviewer: What where did you keep horses? 330: Horses? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Stables. Interviewer: What about hogs? 330: I well I got a shed I kept my {X} all the hogs I have is just uh killing purpose I buy me some {X} pigs and pigs keep 'em I've got a little house just sleep on 'em and I just let 'em run out there in the lot and they come up and I feed 'em. Interviewer: What what lot goes around the barn or 330: Mm-hmm. Round folks's barn have a little barn lot for the hogs Interviewer: Uh-huh. What would you call a place where people have um milk and butter that they a farm where they just have this milk and butter and sell it you know 330: Creamery? Interviewer: Okay but a big place now. 330: Huh? Interviewer: You call that what kinda farm? 330: Um well uh wholesale house I guess or uh like uh pure milk company and {X} selled it you talking about selling big quantity of it? Interviewer: Yeah. Where they have a lot of cows that they milk 330: Oh a dairy? Big big big well they call that a let's see honey what would you call a big dairy uh you know Interviewer: Well that okay that's what I'm getting is that word dairy. 330: Hmm? Interviewer: That word dairy? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: What what does that mean exactly? Do you ever use that word for talking about anything else besides a kinda farm? 330: No I don't not as I know of. {D: I know it could've been used now} It's uh {NS} big milk companies we got a bunch of milk companies now that's all changed like it did it's not like it used to be {D: they'll buy} now they got uh producers uh tell you they'll call these companies you send it off just just like I {D: fool sensational} and uh milk producer and they'll call pure milk companies they'll call judges farm or they call Annie the call this whatever the whole bunch of different milk companies now ask 'em how much milk they want. {D: well seven ton you see} producer {X} where you take your milk to and at that producer's and they sell it for you at these companies where I we used to load it up on the trucks and it went to we sold to a few milk companies. {X} and unload it. But now get it to producers and uh they'll call a few companies and ask 'em how much you want and they {D: care come} {D: same time} and they charge a percent out of it {X} {X} Interviewer: Okay what what would you call a place where you left the the animals go out to graze 330: Pasture? Interviewer: Okay um and let's see did you did you ever raise any cotton? 330: draw a better picture of that house pictures of {X} I will give it to you next time Interviewer: Okay. 330: I know I can be {X} or give you a better picture of it and anything that you want to start with? Interviewer: Okay now tell me about kinds of well first of all you say that say if you were growing um okay you know if you were raising cotton do you know what work you'd do with that you'd go out and 330: In the cotton field? Interviewer: Yeah. You know what you'd call that work that you'd do? 330: Well they uh they cultivate it chop it used to now the old people my see my mother grand grandmother they'd raise it here back then then they the olden days but I never seen any raised. Well one fellow did raise some {X} {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} go to school. That's the only cotton that's ever been raised in this country that I know {C: tape overlaid} yeah they they they chopped it and uh {D: dried it} cultivated it and then {C: tape overlaid} I think they nowadays they {D: pardon the ground} instead of you know killing weeds and stuff like that now. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And for don't have to maybe they they they mashed it they chopped it but you can make corn crop nowadays uh world of people are making the majority of it {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} {D: took this weed pardon} {C: tape overlaid} and the chemical in the ground and just plant it and they {C: tape overlaid} {D: decent} thing I ever seen in my life I can't go I I've raised {X} two three times {X} Interviewer: What do you call those {X} 330: {X} {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Cut little with a plow you'd cut little trenches and then cut 330: Uh furrows? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Furrows. {C: tape overlaid} Make furrows Interviewer: And you'd say say if you grew a lot of corn you'd say that the corn grew up in a corn what 330: Field. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Corn field. Interviewer: What about something smaller than a field 330: {X} A a garden {X} {D: it would be a patch of} {D: corn patch} Interviewer: {X} 330: Yeah I have I just run out there and make {X} {X} And we'll eat roast yams put 'em up, freeze 'em Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And all like that. Pumpkin I planted pumpkin beans and I planted peas {D: peapod plant I'm gonna plant another row in the patch} {C: tape overlaid} about about a week from now so corn won't come in {X} first of July then I'll plant another. Then maybe I'll even another then on later up on in {X} we'll get in. People like to freeze it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm you call that pea patch then or 330: Uh pea patch I have a pea patch I {X} {D: just a day one} planted I have half a bushel {C: tape overlaid} And then peas would come in, pick 'em eat 'em they stand dry weather much better than the bean does. {D: we have four of 'em} course have a heap of {X} {D: feed and uh} always pick my peas and shell 'em {C: tape overlaid} for my seed myself I don't have to buy 'em, I shell 'em. In the winter time you can have 'em ready. {C: tape overlaid} {D: I lay off the rows} {D: wife} could plant 'em plant 'em but they don't get 'em all as thick as I like 'em {D: she makes and just} throws 'em up and down the row then I cover 'em up. With the plow. {X} Interviewer: What um {C: tape overlaid} 330: What kind of peas I plant? Interviewer: Yeah or beans, what kind are there? 330: Well there's we get uh {D: whole bean there's a} corn field bean we put it in a corn and course we plant {D: a bunch bean} we we plant uh {D: top crop} {X} uh Kentucky wonders {X} {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} {D: sixteen running bean, corn field bean} {C: tape overlaid} {X} {X} Interviewer: Is there just a general name for all of these beans that you eat with a {X} 330: Well the uh corn field beans and then the the bunch bean is different a bunch bean we plant in row head you don't have no corn in there with it and they get about that high. I'm {D: I got some in bloom now} I maybe have little beans on 'em. {C: tape overlaid} And uh they uh {C: tape overlaid} we usually plant {D: bunch beans top crop bunch beans} What's that new one I got planted? Huh? Wife: Cumberland. 330: {D: Cumberland?} Aux: {X} 330: {X} {NS} Interviewer: What what other things do you plant in your garden? 330: Huh? Interviewer: What other things 330: Oh we plant uh {NS} we plant all kinds of stuff, cucumbers squash okra {X} lima beans that's butter bean, we call it they're called lima but we always call 'em butter bean {C: tape overlaid} potatoes English peas {C: tape overlaid} onions carrots {D: beets} {D: I think} I see one of 'em here this time, I don't know {D: I got my seeds but I don't got 'em planted I hope to} plant a few watermelon {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: What kinds of watermelon? What kinds of watermelon? 330: What kind of watermelon? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Uh I {D: been down to stone mountain} but I didn't get I got one of those {X} I don't know what they call 'em Interviewer: {D: was the stump still out} 330: It was a great big round one. Green looking. I got the green looking {C: tape overlaid} {NS} {NS} Interviewer: Oh it's okay. 330: What kind of watermelon seeds we plant? I don't know what {X} {NS} they didn't have 'em coming on the market {NS} that's a good one. I believe it's the other one I don't I I hadn't planted any watermelon in years I just stuck to I li- I really like 'em enjoy 'em. Get 'em good and cold and make little {X} fertilizer put fertilizer down the {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} {D: four feet or five} Interviewer: What exactly is a hill? 330: Just a make a dig a dig your dirt up all around {C: tape overlaid} put some manure or fertilizer then in the center put some {X} then plant your seed on top of that. {X} Interviewer: How many seeds? 330: About four five. Interviewer: And all these come up? 330: Hope they do. Come up. That's kinda like a squash cucumber we plant them pretty much the same way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Have you've ever eaten any squash? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They have a little you plant those a little yellow crooked {X} thing {C: tape overlaid} and cucumber long green hope they're long as long as they {X} Interviewer: What other kinds of melons are there besides watermelon? {C: tape overlaid} 330: Well there there {NW} there's uh cantaloupes and {X} different Interviewer: Cantaloupes and what? 330: And {D: cues} {NS} they are different from watermelons {C: tape overlaid} cantaloupe is you ever eaten mushmelon? Yellow yellow Interviewer: Yellow on the inside? 330: Sweet and mm-hmm. About that large around and {D: and the cue is a} {D: great long one} got a crooked handle on they get a lot bigger. Interviewer: Does a cue have yellow meat? 330: {X} Interviewer: And what about a cantaloupe? 330: Same thing only it's just a small one we call them cantaloupes Interviewer: It's the same as a mushmelon? 330: Mm-hmm. Yeah the some of 'em are sweet different than others I haven't {X} in years but they they're mighty good to have I think. It uh you know if you keep bugs you got you have to {X} bugs will get in 'em come up out of the ground and go in 'em and run course if you don't watch after 'em keep 'em seen to course {C: tape overlaid} {X} on the ground some years worse than others. And {X} nowadays course we have to keep everything sprayed really sprayed we don't {X} {X} a cabbage {X} and I believe we had a {X} down in the roots I ain't pull one up the other day {C: tape overlaid} but there some of 'em was dying with nothing I thought maybe {C: tape overlaid} they had a {X} I can get them bugs in there but {D: spraying} buds in the top of 'em but that root I don't know how you'd get something off there. {X} I pulled him up and the of course it done rained you know pulled him out of the ground Interviewer: What about some okay potatoes what different kinds of potatoes are there? 330: We have uh Kennebecs {X} {D: early rose} And Bruce reds and uh {X} mashed potatoes Interviewer: These are all {D: Irish} potatoes? 330: {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} and uh {C: tape overlaid} {X} all I really know {X} hogs and uh when we buy now I quit raising 'em groundhogs eating mine up and I quit raising 'em {X} and uh and I can't think of the names of 'em Interviewer: #1 Do you- # 330: #2 They're # not Nancy hogs. Interviewer: Do you ever use the word yam? 330: Yam? Interviewer: What does that mean? 330: That's a that's a type of sweet potato. Interviewer: Is it a type of sweet potato or is it does it just mean sweet potato? 330: I I just mean the sweet potato I guess that's what it's called. You know people say well we had yams. I reckon that's all ever I knew of I don't know if there's any {NS} not any special variety or anything. Interviewer: Okay this is something that's little and and red and and grows in the ground. 330: Little and red and grows in the in the ground? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Down under the ground or do you have a top up out of the ground? Interviewer: Um the part that you eat is is the root. 330: That's a carrot I guess. Interviewer: Okay but what about something else, little red 330: {C: tape overlaid} Oh {C: tape overlaid} radishes? {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Yeah. Yeah we've had a little {D: I had a lot of those} {X} {X} they're good come in real early. Interviewer: uh-huh. Radishes. Mm-hmm. {C: tape overlaid} and uh {X} course they grew in the ground I like to make pickles out of 'em and cut 'em up and eat 'em in the {X} {X} blood red looking you know real dark red you ever eat any of those? {X} I think so. Um what about something that grows up on a plant that you'd stick a leafy bush 330: Tomato? Interviewer: Okay. {X} What about those things that are only about this big? 330: Uh little yellow {D: mean?} Interviewer: No I'm thinking it never gets any bigger than about this 330: I've seen little bitty yellow ones I don't know what you call 'em though. Oh I don't know {X} Interviewer: Yellow is that the color 330: Color mm-hmm {X} {D: we well we} red you know just blood red Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And uh we plant {X} I don't know button little itty bitty tomatoes I don't know what they some special name they have or not I never had any. But I've seen 'em just as you said no wider than your finger} Interviewer: You ever heard cherry tomatoes or {X} 330: Cherry Interviewer: Cherry tomatoes? {X} {D: salad tomatoes} 330: I never have heard the name. {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} called anything like that. Interviewer: Okay this is something that that'll make your eyes water. 330: That's onions I guess, isn't it? Interviewer: Okay. 330: {NW} They sure will. {C: laughing} You cut a piece and the juice on that {X} but I like 'em. Especially on the hamburgers. Interviewer: uh-huh 330: You know a hamburger's not complete I don't think unless you have special pickles dill pickle and {X} {X} {C: tape overlaid} {X} {C: tape overlaid} you know we had hamburgers course lot of other things too {D: had a great big slice of} {D: fried onion} yeah already eat some on the hamburger I think that it'd take that to make 'em complete. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You know they my my wife won't eat it say it kills her she can't stand 'em. But I like 'em even green. Like you know pull 'em out of the {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: What do you call them? 330: The ones that {X} {D: just grow 'em} Interviewer: You call those green onions? 330: Mm-hmm. Yeah. They pull 'em out {D: fellow over here} raises great big fields of 'em. And he pulls 'em up I imagine course about half a dozen in a bunch of 'em is that about and sells 'em for ten or fifteen cents a bunch. Something like that he make a living make a good living too {X} course he raise tomato okra cucumber beans everything. He don't just raise but onion there's one this big big producing things tomatoes {C: tape overlaid} and raise I guess squash he I've been working these onions for quite a while Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I've heard him say. {C: tape overlaid} Course I I plant potatoes I plant two patches I have potatoes. I {X} {X} {C: tape overlaid} we eat {X} get big enough to eat we start eating peas give out but uh I usually do have beans in my {D: sandwich} about the time that peas give out {X} frost killed freeze killed my first one {D: climb up} that made us {X} on the beans but usually we'll have some by ten days I guess. Interviewer: You mentioned you just said the word frost and then you changed it said freeze is a frost different from a freeze? 330: Uh it uh well uh see if {X} frost is white looks like snow Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And it'll kill {X} stem and stuff and just kill it down to the ground now freeze {X} {X} it makes ice freezes ice like {X} {X} and it got down this year to twenty-four degrees and {X} I had a lot of little corn too, and it killed that Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Had to plant it over. And I've got corn now about knee high in my garden {C: tape overlaid} beans running on it whole beans I think {C: tape overlaid} we'll have all kinds of beans if nothing does happen {X} Oh I'd say less than a month we'll have all kinds of beans and won't be much more than that already got a little of that early corn planted and it won't I say six weeks well it should have some more ears {X} {NS} {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: What about this is a a large leafy vegetable it comes in heads 330: Leafy one Interviewer: Leafy. 330: Huh? Interviewer: I'm thinking of lettuce or cabbage 330: Yeah lettuce. Well we grow we we grow lettuce it is no they they transplant this lettuce now I grow {X} {X} I really like it. And course you can buy it you can't comes from California they transplant it set it out like {X} makes you know nice size heads, I know you eat 'em {X} seen 'em in your lettuce head. {X} cabbage heads you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} I think they're seventy-five eighty cents a piece. {X} Interviewer: Really? 330: Yeah. People just quit buying last ones I noticed in the paper was sixty-eight or sixty-nine. {X} {D: people have to wait for something else to happen} I think it's just just particular time {C: tape overlaid} {D: we're getting the market} and they're more scarcer and they they just put 'em up {C: tape overlaid} and I don't know. I never heard of 'em being that high in my life usual around a quarter. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Maybe twenty-nine cents. Something that's about what we used around round a quarter. Twenty-nine cents we get for 'em if we buy {D: we usually used to keep it all the time} {D: but that's we} {D: I eat this} {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} {D: grows under Canada} I've set it out {D: here} in the garden} Interviewer: It grows under the what? 330: Canvas. Canvas put a canvas over the plant bed and just plant 'em under and it makes it tender. I have a mustard bed out there {D: I sold} {D: I plant it} and then uh {X} it up and sowed the mustard fertilizer sewed it and put the canvas over makes it tender. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And we still make it {C: tape overlaid} we been having it now {D: I think} two or three weeks. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} very good, not as quite as tender as {X} And cabbages {D: they're big enough potatoes both} {D: put it quick} {D: we have potatoes} cabbages to eat. {C: tape overlaid} You- you did raise strawberries but {NW} set a bottom up set 'em out again and freeze killed 'em blanched 'em. {X} bought a few, I guess south of Columbia. Found some and bought {C: tape overlaid} there {X} two or four gallon different places {C: tape overlaid} they're mighty high. Well I I really like those strawberries. Do you like strawberries? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Really really you can get pick 'em so many different ways, you know. They're delicious I think. Course they ship 'em here from California {D: they had 'em shipped} {D: I wanted to grow 'em one day and I thought} the great big crate I asked the guy how much it was said it's almost two gallon. And it's {X} four dollars and eighty cents size of {X} I told him I said {X} no five dollars and eighty cents, that's what it was. And I saved three dollars a gallon. There wasn't a gallon wasn't two gallons of 'em {X} I believe that's a little too it. I bought a quart {X} {C: tape overlaid} But I did buy these three gallon {X} {D: Columbia} for coming down the highway and spied these women {D: picking 'em} {X} {X} {X} said no {D: people these shoots we don't pick 'em} we don't live here. There's a lady up here who {X} one of 'em turns up dead they live there together they have all honey they put up honey {C: tape overlaid} {X} {X} strain it out in that ground you ever see anything like {X} Interviewer: I never seen any. 330: They just like like we used to make molasses. You ever seen anybody make {X} molasses? Well {X} great uncle of mine come from {D: Alabama's one of the best} cookers I ever seen we'd plant sorghum my daddy would lot of it {C: tape overlaid} he'd make he'd make molasses. Cook 'em just like cooking and they always throw in a great big pan and the juice comes in off the out of the {X: gum} through a pipe on one end and just go on and goes on down the it cooks it goes down then gets on the far end it's usually ready {D: go} make sorghum sorghum they cooked in {X} kettle {C: tape overlaid} and then cook a kettle a day that night then they would string it up in buckets sell it. And we we used to get forty fifty cents a gallon for 'em when I was young. Now they cost you two and a half or three dollars. For a little bucket. A half gallon. See the label's got it {D: different} {X} {D: back then} my father would give people two gallon a day to help us working strip strip the leaves off the cane and cut it cut the heads off {C: tape overlaid} then we'd take a slide and load it up and slide it off and put it and stack it {X} then there's be somebody {D: sitting right there} {D: feeding it sticking right in the} two great big rows {X} rows just stick the sorghum in {X} {C: tape overlaid} and another barrel and {C: tape overlaid} and you had to pack 'em up there then run over there pan you just turn a faucet {C: tape overlaid} {D: go in on the pan} and you need Interviewer: Faucet from the 330: From the pipe. Coming out of the big barrel where you {X} pipe to you know up there {D: I've drowned 'em many many a day now great big old pulley {D: thing I mean now} hitch your mules to now I have seen 'em you know and I made the most of 'em and indeed do have 'em. What makes would be a steam power something. I imagine I don't know exactly what kind or would be some kind of a motor I presume to pull it but we used to pull 'em with mules Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh we'd uh they have a lead rein and a great long pole stuck out and we tie that lead rein to that pole {X} and it'd bring 'em around and around and around go round round round these two mules would pulling that thing. {X} But we {X} fellow he said he would make some {X} somebody wants some made but so much work and hard I imagine couple gallon last us a year and I usually buy some gallon or two honey and {X} gallon or two molasses. I we put up a lot of if we had 'em we're not gonna have any this year didn't have any last year {D: probably got a lot of} plums {X} And I like plum jelly plum pie things. {D: we put up a world of 'em} last year we didn't have any and this year {X} {X} scattered few but I believe they gonna be faulty I don't believe they same way of apples {C: tape overlaid} peaches we're not gonna have any fruit at all. Interviewer: Um you mentioned a bucket now is is a bucket different from a pail? 330: Well the just no I same thing a bucket is a little tin bucket that you use to have a little handle on it we call 'em syrup buckets then black or you'd buy 'em and get so much a hundred for 'em and had a little {X} I think nowadays last ones I've seen didn't even have a bail in 'em what I mean a little Y had a little {X} on the side to hook that {X} {X} now I think it would {D: making that} putting that handle on 'em I think you just have to tow 'em with a hand under the bucket. I believe. Last ones I've seen that way. {C: tape overlaid} {X} {D: they're pails} {NW} same thing. Interviewer: You say for syrup? 330: Mm-hmm. We called 'em syrup buckets. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: You can buy syrup in 'em in buckets Interviewer: Is syrup different from molasses? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Which one's thicker? 330: Uh {NW} I guess if you cook it molasses is thicker thick {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And I've never seen never seen anybody making syrup {NS} they cook it I'm that's that's cane just like sugar cane of some {C: tape overlaid} variety I don't know what kind it is. I guess you cook that you don't they get far as I know they get sugar why sugar's made out of cane isn't it? I think it's ground out of cane I don't know. I never seen any growing don't know anything about it. Grows in that swamp? Wetland I think. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Um this is something that you you take the tops of turnips to cook them and make 'em 330: Salad? {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Salad? 330: {X} Greens few people called 'em just greens Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: {X} Salad's what I always called 'em {X} salad. But greens they call 'em greens. And that's what they call mustard green the greens and they call {C: tape overlaid} uh {NW} {D: you ever} {X} Interviewer: {NW} 330: {X} we called it oh salad in a summer in the winter we'll grow great big turnips. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} And uh we eat those and they stay in the salad {X} turnips stayed all the winter. {C: tape overlaid} and the turnips freezes and the salad dies off, they die and freeze. But the winter turnip just a little you don't ju- just a little bit of color {X} and they're hard {X} have {C: tape overlaid} greens {D: on until} spring. You got turn him under, he'll stay there. {D: that's something different now} And mustard same way now I have a {X} {NW} I used to plant {X} uh great big patch of mustard and winter turnips and summer turnips and that mustard is delicious on up 'til the freeze comes {D: grew up there leaves use two hands} curly you know and just tender as it can be it's really delicious. {C: tape overlaid} but when the freeze when the freeze come it kills 'em just like that it can't take it. And the salad the summer salad {X} it's {D: stronger} mustard {D: it stays along but when a hard freeze comes, you get hit} {D: get hit} course it kills the {D: salad off} winter time but that winter time stays there in the ground then next spring early {C: tape overlaid} I figure that's about as good as greens we have is get 'em when they you know looks about that high and tender {X} spring yeah go down and cut mass Interviewer: {D: is it poke} 330: {C: tape overlaid} Yeah we put 'em I figured every year boy {X} we'd have it all the year do you like poke? Interviewer: I just tried it once and it didn't seem to have much taste. But it may not have been cooked right. 330: Did it have eggs cooked with it? Interviewer: I don't think so. 330: Yeah uh you have to cook eggs with it. Have a lot of use a lot of grease. I think it's pretty good. Some people cooks mix the poke and uh in this mustard together. Cook 'em together. {X} Just uh plain salad {C: tape overlaid} I I like the poke by themselves. {C: tape overlaid} I like it cooked more cooked eggs with it I think it's good. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And one of the times you can go up there and ground froze hard, opened up {D: a can of it} cook it I think it's really delicious. {C: tape overlaid} don't have anything green then {D: it was dead one time and used to} {D: fact} that poke's more natural than anything I think I ever eat at the time you know you put it up a stage it more like it was you know {X} now we she has put up turnip greens same way I don't think they taste near as good as the poke does. And we put up you know all kinds peas {X} {D: while later} {NW} {C: tape overlaid} and you come in {D: go get plant 'em} I go to picking 'em and shelling 'em and we go to putting 'em up. Freeze 'em. And we got two full freezers {C: tape overlaid} we put 'em {C: tape overlaid} seventy-five, a hundred {X} peas Interviewer: {X} 330: Yeah but we use a lot. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Use a lot of 'em. {C: tape overlaid} and course lot of folks eat peas dry but I never did get we have some on the New Year's Day they always say you have some money if you cook peas, you ever hear that? {X} I got the gray ones {C: tape overlaid} whippoorwill there's a we had I got about four four five different kind of peas planted. I got the whippoorwill {C: tape overlaid} and I have a little early uh peas called early peas comes in about ten days too early than the other {D: peas that we plant} and then I got the uh {X} they have two three two three different oh two I have two {X} a brown one and a white one. And then I got uh uh one they call uh {X} {C: tape overlaid} {X} corn then run over top of this house I always plant 'em corn and I got a big brown one {D: I don't} Interviewer: Corn? 330: Red runs up that corn {D: just runs all over this} patch and down every which way. I hadn't planted that yet. I got to plant yet. {C: tape overlaid} Now they they are really you talking about them or one of 'em is a new one, we hadn't had that one yet and that pea get that long. Interviewer: Wow. 330: {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Is that about about a foot long? 330: Just about a foot long I'd say. And it's a great big pea. You you can shell 'em {X} it don't take much just a small amount to make- make a meal of those you know. And wife likes 'em I told her of course she gonna have to shell but about a dozen two but to make a meal Interviewer: When you're talking about lettuce you talk about um say three he- 330: {C: tape overlaid} heads of lettuce? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you would you use that word say if you're talking about someone having two boys or three girls. Would you ever talk about um you have five heads of children? 330: Have what? {NS} Interviewer: Say if you had say five children would you ever talk about five head of children? 330: Five head of children? Interviewer: Or does that sound just funny? 330: Well I never have I never have heard that spoken five head Interviewer: What about the word passel? 330: Passel? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say if you have a lot of children would you talk about having a passel of children? 330: {C: tape overlaid} Yeah I've heard I've heard of I've heard that spoken. Mm-hmm. I've heard a lot of 'em lot some have you know I know I've known families have three or fourteen Interviewer: Really? 330: In a fa- yeah. And I've heard people say yeah sure did raise a passel of children. {X} Man woman did you know. {C: tape overlaid} But uh don't too many people nowadays now whites course coloreds still you know raise terrible lot of 'em but uh not too many white people raise over uh I'd say four. {C: tape overlaid} is about many as you usually hear. Once in a while course one of 'em has I have a neighbor up here lives right up the road here on the left the lady {X} there was twelve thirteen in her family I believe what she said. {C: tape overlaid} And my wife now there was eight raised there and her daddy'd been married twice. He uh married first wife and he had two and his wife died to give birth to the second one and but the first one still living old first child she had {C: tape overlaid} and uh he had nine for her mother. One of 'em died little. {C: tape overlaid} And he raised eight. So he raised nine, that's a right good sized family. {X} Then {X} her- her mother's family that's a right good sized family then for my people it wasn't there wasn't uh well my mother like I said just two girls and then a boy my mother now {C: tape overlaid} my father there was a had seven boys and three about three of 'em died in littles tiny children and four of 'em grew raised to get grown. {C: tape overlaid} and uh {NW} one of 'em {D: lived} next to my father my uncle, the one I was named after I didn't tell you yesterday. Don't know whether you want to know it or not but he when I had my play he started to a little store. {D: he had my play} down south {X} {C: tape overlaid} cuz down south {NW} and he met this girl, Aunt Jenny May who was {D: pretty young girl} {X} {X} summer {D: called} {X} or something high I don't know why but she might've had some people in Texas {NW} {X} down in Texas {D: Uncle John sells out} and followed her {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} and he was seeing her something yeah she told me and um {C: tape overlaid} {D: you want that name} {D: out there} {C: tape overlaid} Brother lived a whole life out there I had my brother I spoke to you about him he's dead and I have four had four boys nephews he went out there. Left {D: last I come} he had to quit school at the end of the eighth grade {C: tape overlaid} and lived with us and {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} {X} {C: tape overlaid} and they raised four boys. {C: tape overlaid} And my brother and he went in store business and opened up store of his own out there in Dallas and {X} worked for a man {C: tape overlaid} {X} {D: begging} {X} she finally got him to come back. {C: tape overlaid} Well now he hadn't been out here {X} my father been out there one time to see them. {C: tape overlaid} The only time he ever went we'd never {X} this fellow did raise here. {D: drummed} {C: tape overlaid} {X} {X} {X} rode all over the country he finally finally before he quit {NS} retired he flew an airplane but he {X} car and he drove and he come out in one of those boys Uncle John's boys {X} was driving. He'd had him driving. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And they come my father's house and we'd never seen this {NW} first cousin of mine and he'd want to just {X} need to get out and get all the {X} quite a few others in this country {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} other three boys, my daddy and {D: two more brothers} {D: later again} and they had three or four five a piece {C: tape overlaid} So he said get out {C: tape overlaid} {D: you think that's my} father and I was named after his father. {X} he said, can you get 'em sorta {X} this Sunday afternoon? I'd like to see them and meet 'em all. But we didn't didn't have any phones then, that's when we {X} Nobody had no phones in the country. I got out in my car once or twice and {D: he said they would come back go ahead and} {C: tape overlaid} places and then they'd come back about lunchtime. And I tried to get 'em to come back and eat dinner with us my father but he said they then come home right after {D: just as quick as they could} {C: tape overlaid} {D: and they did} And I {X} he said {D: he never saw people come in} {X} they come in walking you know he said they he went back home told his father said Lord have mercy daddy says {X} out there come out of them bushes {X} {C: tape overlaid} said you said no {C: tape overlaid} whole road full of 'em walking and talking {D: laughing} Oh they have time in the world and {C: tape overlaid} Well he went back he got to talking and his daddy then decided later on he and Aunt Jenny May they want to come back here and see my {D: father} and the other two {X} my father was {D: still living he was the only one of them} he's still living {C: tape overlaid} all of us {C: tape overlaid} whole bunch of {D: men} you know {NW} and uh {C: tape overlaid} they did {C: tape overlaid} they got on the train and come {C: tape overlaid} and they stayed here about a month. Or maybe six weeks. {X} see all of us {C: tape overlaid} well it'd been forty years since he'd been back here. And everything had changed {D: and of course they had} cameras up here {D: buddy he was} borned and raised he wanted to see {X} {D: I carried him up there} then he wanted me to carry him around see his old men friend that he grew up went to school with school {X} church where my father went to church at my nephew preaches over there now. That's where the school house was. {C: tape overlaid} And he's {C: tape overlaid} boys I {X} see were just like girls grew up they grew up {D: up there} and they was great big men they was between six and seven foot some of 'em was seven foot tall. {D: and my} father was just {D: a little over} {X} {C: tape overlaid} I mean I've {D: Uncle John's a little older than the next Hatchet boy} {D: and when they were young} {NW} my daddy {X} my daddy was old, a little older and then my uncle was a little older than the next Hatchet boy {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} brush 'em up a little school come {D: find one day} {C: tape overlaid} {X} that's the oldest Hatchet {C: tape overlaid} tell me he tell we'd talk they'd talk over that when they come here and they hadn't seen one in forty year and I carried him over there {X} and they first one had to go {X} won't tell me about {X} my daddy {C: tape overlaid} old and I couldn't I just asked {X} so many times you know {NW} and Uncle John said Johnny {NW} I said I know I already told you after my daddy died he came back a second trip, he come back a second trip. {C: tape overlaid} yeah he told me all about it {C: tape overlaid} three years three years he stayed away {X} {C: tape overlaid} {X} {C: tape overlaid} they run they left popping them rough 'em up claimed they whipped 'em you know {D: just get on don't hurt 'em} they's great big giants, these Hatchet boys and finally one day Miss Miller say run {X} {C: tape overlaid} that's all I know. My best friend on ever gonna have to work a little so he just {X} up held it in one hand just whipped him like whipping a baby you know he could do it you know but he didn't want to and uh meantime they {X} {D: one of 'em} my daddy's brother little bitty fellow just started school {X} {C: tape overlaid} {X} he thought he was killing daddy he'd run up to grab you and Miss Miller said he just come running like back like {C: tape overlaid} and slapped {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} and the other part of me learned got up {C: tape overlaid} {X} come on {X} I ain't big enough to fight yet I'll have to eat more biscuits before I get {X} {NS} {X} {X} {C: tape overlaid} but he died here that time he made that trip {D: get him} came back on the train {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} lived out there {X} {X} {D: I count 'em out there} I believe it's two days or three days after {D: got him} out there they called and and said that come see 'em if they want to see 'em took a bad off we went but {C: tape overlaid} they wouldn't let us in, the one of boys had flew here all of a sudden had flew here {X} They said the drug we could go to the door you know look in but they the others wouldn't go in there and he died that night. {C: tape overlaid} Then the next day they bunch of 'em {X} come in a car the other boys did {D: those three the oldest} {D: flew} The others got here and then that one of 'em rode back on the train with his body. And I thought maybe they'd feel kinda bad about him you know coming back thought he maybe mighta did something he woulda- woulda lived wouldn't have died that quick probably if he just stayed there at home. And they said no no no said that's all he'd talk about after you came back was wanting to make another trip to see us all again before he died. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And said he got to do what he wanted to {C: tape overlaid} {X} really happy about it then Aunt Jenny May she lived she come back and see us she lived 'til she ain't been dead about five years I guess she lived a lot longer than any of us boys. They rode with us we didn't go, I'd have loved to {X} ride before I was {X} {X} my nephews wanted {X} go and we tried to make it that day we {D: took} all night to go and drive and then come back I come to aw that's too much too much I'd just rather not go so we just wired and talked to her {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} and another thing I wanted to tell you about is uh I remember when the freight railroad was built over here Interviewer: Oh really? 330: {X} and the train come through that's what I was telling you about my daddy would load something in this carriage, I called it {X} would go to my grandmother's {X} {C: tape overlaid} It worked in a way {X} I thought well I said grandma ain't gonna never get the thing done she said yeah they're gonna finally get it done. And it won't be long before the train'll come through. She said I wish y'all could be up there so they had- they had heard when the train's coming through father carried us over there and it carried two buggy things two {X} drove I I think it goes I'm pretty sure we drew horses I have seen 'em drive mules but I think we drew horses two horses. And we got down on that {X} supposed to come through that morning about ten oh clock {X} {C: tape overlaid} and we {X} my brother {X} got down there at the fence stand right up close to the railroad track and then {X} and that's where a lot of the {C: tape overlaid} apple trees and pear trees peach trees there and cherry trees we'd stand right there and watching for it right we see that big thing coming {C: tape overlaid} and and the smoke you know puffing and smoke blowing out of it that was the awfulest sight I ever seen in my life. We just stood right there and just I reckon coulda heard us breathe, watch it and it got right even with us, that train would {D: about where it'd hit your car in front} {X} he caught a hold of that {X} {NS} Lord {X} running we flew we thought it'd kill us we run in the house and just fell down on the floor just scared to death. Scared us to death. And I know that guy laughed I said {D: nothing he said} {D: Talking about} {C: tape overlaid} y'all been shocked {C: tape overlaid} {D: I told him} {X} {C: tape overlaid} {X} one time since then I was young only time I ever ridden one ridden a train in my life. They getting up {D: scurrying to Nashville} {D: come through Winston County Franklin} too a world of people anybody I believe it's three dollars {D: from there in} Alabama and bring it back and so I made mine I never rode I said aw shoot I'm gonna I'm going on that trip. So we a whole lot of us left I had a community one time got in my car I had a car now ever since I was a kid and rode down there {X} and got on that train had the biggest time I've ever had in my life. We rode Alabama I believe it was Muscle Shoals we just you've heard of Muscle Shoals I know but they just got it built that's what the {X} are for to shores you know down people out of Nashville anyone middle Tennessee could meet 'em you know Nashville or Franklin of course come right through Franklin {C: tape overlaid} I never will forget it we're sitting out there waiting for the looks like never was gonna come {D: when would} one come come up to the depot there in Franklin {C: tape overlaid} well you have to {X} {D: behind we'll load it} {C: tape overlaid} well sun's began to fall and I thought well they ain't gonna get to make the trip now and we got on I believe it was {X} {C: tape overlaid} five train load I believe it was I believe it was we got on in the fourth or fifth one before you could ever get on {C: tape overlaid} we crawled on down we taken to picked up some in Columbia, some on down Mount Pleasant, some on down further others going on down picked 'em up all the way down {C: tape overlaid} fifth one come on got to remain {D: if I believe} going on the fourth one whichever one I don't know but we mighta been on the fifth one we went down there {X} and then we give us time to eat a dinner. Well we {X} {X} I remember just as well as if it was yesterday {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} come around and that's what it was {C: tape overlaid} {X} our bunch that's my my community every one of us ordered fish {C: tape overlaid} she brought us these uh We really eat we's young growing you know and {D: we ordered bonefish} {C: tape overlaid} and it seemed like {X} fish to me {X} {X} and {X} come around again said anything else I could bring you said yeah I'd like to have some more fish {C: tape distorted) {X} 330: {D: saying} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I got out of walking around out there it'd be after dark on the hill and uh {NS} whole bunch of us would {X} she'd picked up a {X} you know we had to run like {X} catch that thing it done taken off course it you know they don't take off too fast especially {X} we run and grabbed it anyway jumped on it and I said Lord I coulda been left down in them bushes we were just plum foo- fools running around out there in them bushes like that but we didn't know {X} put in I didn't care {X} I don't know why we got out there run around we got in the {X} {D: I think it's three slots} course I just different times we have nowadays in summer time wasn't long too long till daylight. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay what on the ear of corn you know the the covering 330: Huh? Interviewer: Okay talking about corn the covering outside covering on the ear of corn what do you call that? 330: Shucks. Interviewer: Okay. And the top of the corn stalk 330: Tassel Interviewer: Okay and the stringy stuff that you pull off 330: That's that that's uh the silk? Interviewer: Okay. And um let's see this is something that it might grow up in in the woods after it's been raining or something. It's little umbrella shaped things 330: Grows up in the woods and it's umbrella shaped. Interviewer: Yeah it's little small things maybe it's white or something or um it's got a little stalk 330: Frogstool? Interviewer: Okay what's can you eat that? 330: Nuh-uh. No I've seen little stools grow up in woods Interviewer: Uh-huh 330: And look like a little umbrella over it still there but no it couldn't eat it. Interviewer: Is there anything similar to that that you can eat? Something like mu- mush- 330: Mushroom it there might I never did I've never seen any. Or eaten any. There might be something other that would grow in the woods, I've never made contact never had any. Now there's uh there's a thing that grows in the woods a ginseng. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: That they make herbs out of sell it terrible high price. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: It looks like a it's got the little forked leaves on it and I I don't know too much about it but I've heard a lot of 'em talk about it you know. And I've heard people that it's actually dug it up cuz the roots is what they want. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And the roots bring way up in the dollars a pound. Ginseng. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: You ever heard anything like that? Interviewer: I've heard of it but I've never seen 330: Well now they grow it they grow it people grow it {X} I reckon that they they grow this marijuana, what do you call it. They say they're growing it in fields now through the country told me they course they {X} down there the other day {X} did {X} that's first time I ever seen any. Interviewer: Was that marijuana? 330: Yes it's uh it's dope you know I guess smoke it don't they? Interviewer: I guess. 330: I think they smoke it. But this {D: sheriff} raided fields and then deputy lives right there right then right above me here and he brought it some of it there and left it there for us all to look at it. It's just a great big plant thing I I don't know. I wouldn't know what it was {X} somebody had some on my face I wouldn't know what it was. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I never did see it. That's first time I'd ever seen the stuff. But he said that's what it was, I guess it was, I don't know. Interviewer: Okay this frogstool, is there another name for that? 330: Uh no I Interviewer: You ever heard of mushroom, or mushroom 330: Yeah I've heard of mushroom yeah. I've heard of it. Interviewer: What's how's that different from a frogstool? 330: I guess it's a it would be some kinda like a a turnip or a carrot or something or other I guess to make soup out of, don't they? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Don't they make mushroom soup? {NS} {NS} I I've never growed any but I've heard of it all my life. Interviewer: Do you know what it looks like? 330: I I think it looks more like a maybe a carrot, I let me ask my wife. Interviewer: Oh it's okay it doesn't matter. 330: It's just a thing that they make a soup out of, it's just {X} I know I've heard 'em talk about it. Interviewer: People don't grow it around here then? 330: I I've never grew any, no. {D: saw people do it} Interviewer: Okay um let's see talking about some fences um what it's a kind of fence that you might have around your yard or garden 330: Garden garden wire? Interviewer: I'm not not wire 330: Hmm? Interviewer: I'm thinking of something maybe just little boards that come up to a point maybe maybe they're 330: Little uh little boards you you mean just on a put on post uh uh {X} {D: right up there and then} little plank there well it would be you see there was a lot of folks has 'em around around a yard or {NS} garden something or other they trim 'em I and uh they they'll have squared posts {D: they'll saw 'em} and then they'll have a the plank course it'd be sawed sawmill just like it is a post and they nail that to the post then they have these little bitty I guess about a two one by three something like that. And then they trim the point 'em up Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And nail 'em on the and paint Interviewer: Do you know what they call those? 330: Uh uh uh la- a lattice I'd call it kind of a lattice. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Like. Be what I'd call it. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of picket or paling? 330: Paneling? Interviewer: Picket fence or paling fence or 330: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 something else? # 330: that there would be it might it might they might call that one of those we I was just talking about might call it a picket fence, I don't I don't know what it uh we used to we used to have rail fences back in my young days. Interviewer: Oh really? 330: Yeah. Whole thing was rails. When you brought that up I've never see I this other I've seen {X} coming up mine I put I had posts squared and uh and planks had dressed and then then put one on the side right there's your post cut one off and put one on top nail. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: You got three plank I mean two planks over there that's the way I fix mine. And my posts I got square posts all up and down the row both sides and I have 'em painted. But now this rail fence we used to have it just I could carry you down to first {X} tell you to go down there and there's still a lot of 'em down in there. Interviewer: Hmm. 330: Uh low in {X} {D: county.} They lay 'em across 'em just like this Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And another one comes on that one another comes on that till about six or seven rails high. And they have two little stakes one each at the e- where they where they uh end you know you cross 'em big down there and tie a wire. Twisted it hold 'em together. Interviewer: {X} 330: I remember seeing it. {X} And you guy set hired a man when I was little small hired a man from to make {X} out of Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: People got to go out in the country wanted to give so much wire for so many pounds. They call each layer a pound that's so many pounds they'd give so many a wire chicken {X} wire {X} so many pounds of the of {NW} so my father dropped all that off and got wire got new wire of course and we got posts and dug holes and {X} this {X} net wire from fencing wire just regular regular fencing wire a net and uh put it up {X} {X} today Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Coulda left 'em you know. That's what they made the caskets out of you know Interviewer: Oh really? 330: Yeah I I could tell you one time I seen one made. Interviewer: A casket? 330: Yeah. Man get in it a little old doctor when I was small uh fellow one of the best carpenters I guess we had in the state of Tennessee. Made this casket, cedar. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And this old doctor would get in it and try it see if you gonna fit. When he had him making it. And I don't believe I ever got in it {X} Interviewer: {NW} 330: fellow doctor uh uh {NS} {X} {NS} and a fellow named {X} carve it build it for him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It's the prettiest thing you ever seen in your life. Beauty thing I ever saw. And he were buried in it, they buried him in it. Interviewer: Yeah. I don't think I'd care to get in it and lie down. 330: No {NW} {X} Interviewer: {NW} 330: And uh I've sat up now many a night I you I know you never have for sure never sat up with anybody dead Interviewer: {X} 330: Way back years ago you see {NW} they always kept 'em at the home. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And the neighbor would go in and sit up. That night With 'em. And they didn't embalm either then back there then. Fifty years ago never was such thing as embalming people. I hope a fellow embalm {X} father and take 'em {X} and he sat in this fellow's home, my grand daddy's home, I went there {X} {D: a day out of Franklin} All I done with him was stuff and he'd drew this blood out of it you know and put this fluid in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And oh that's the first time I ever seen anything like that done you know {X} then after that they begin to more and more begin to embalm 'em you know. {X} Wasn't no time till everybody was embalmed. You see you could keep 'em quite a while. Up till then you couldn't keep 'em just you know just about a few hours. If there's hot weather it's faster you know. And I've sat up many times just might sound funny to you but they didn't have screens on there people's homes didn't have screens on 'em Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Windows back there in them days and we've had I've sat up many nights had to fight had to keep a broom or stick or something to keep {D: cats knocked out} people come come in and getting on eating the body on the body we've sat up many a night. Interviewer: Did it stink? 330: Yeah. Yeah just like something dead, something else that would be dead they would Interviewer: Hmm. 330: And you couldn't like I said you'd have to {D: bury 'em next day} but now you know sometimes they keep 'em well they I I think they freeze the bodies now, don't they? And keep 'em for weeks and weeks. Interviewer: {X} if the ground's too hard to dig. 330: I think I've heard 'em freezing 'em when they hold 'em out for weeks and weeks. Maybe it's you know just saving time. Somebody could come and get there, something or other. I've heard 'em freezing but I never seen one frozen nobody. Interviewer: Didn't you get scared sitting up? 330: Myself? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: The cats made it sorta scary feeling. Why we sitting up one time a whole bunch of friend my friends with a fellow old fellow {X} and we we like I s- talking yesterday we had to all bring wood we wood got {X} in the hou- we had to go out cut some take axes and cut some wood that night {X} real cold and bunch of 'em went out {X} to get some bring some more in two two or three usually three four of us would be sat up the house and there were these cats {X} and two two of them got {D: hung in the} door trying to get in all of 'em get in at one time {NW} {NW} {X} every one of 'em tried to get in the door at the same time {D: cats quarrel awfulest quarrel you ever heard.} Scared 'em to death. They was young and course I was {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But they didn't have to tell 'em to come in they'd come right on in. {X} lot of pranks things did with people like that back in them days I know you {X} well they the old lady was blind {X} tell all this stuff you might there just wouldn't be no kind of use with it. Interviewer: No I'm interested. Go ahead. 330: Said that {NS} she had {D: wool she} {D: was blind but she could really make stuff} she could use her hands you know and setting up {X} or making socks knitting sweaters and things like that, make all kind of stuff. She finally died {NW} A whole bunch of people older than I was now I was just a little small kid when they told me about it they did uh they went down and sat up with her she died. Well somehow or another I don't know {D: they went out to get wood or something} {X} something left and somebody comes in and takes takes her out and put {D: one of them live ones} crawled in and pulled a just just left a sheet over her you know that's all they all {D: lay upon over 'em} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: so you wouldn't see 'em, they'd just cover 'em up that sheet that's all you'd have over 'em and uh {NW} said that they got back in build up a fire sat down and {D: getting to talk} {NS} and this fellow begin to ease his hand out from under the sheet just a little bit and and could talk just exactly like this old lady did old lady Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: and said a little more wool please and a little more cotton please {NS} they told they told when the couldn't get out the door {X} after that {D: leapt up} left that fellow there by himself well now I didn't much blame 'em for going but they left that {D: sitting} but I never did believe in pranks. You know, nothing like that. But now a lot of folks did. Had had you know a lot of fun I thought wasn't nothing wrong with that. I'm guessing nothing wrong but I never did go for pranking or {X} I hope to dig uh I expect five hundred graves in my time for all the people I've sat up with. We had graveyard {X} {D: country} then when one would die we'd go and dig the grave you know bunch of us boys would and cover 'em up too you know in the bed when {X} we some of us had to cover 'em up they didn't have anybody there to cover 'em up. We just us boys would cover 'em up. Interviewer: Did you ever see a a fence or a wall made out of loose stone or rock? 330: A fence? Interviewer: Or a wall made out of stone or rock you know that you get from the field and 330: Yeah. Yeah. I've seen 'em. Sure have. Interviewer: What'd you call that? 330: Well I guess you'd just have to call it a call it a rock fence. I guess what they call it. Yeah I've seen 'em back over {D: days} And uh I've seen graveyard fences made with rock and I've seen 'em out of metal. Set in concrete the posts and {X} and uh {D: steel wire} around the graveyard out in the country. And back olden times way back most all of 'em was uh had some kind of fence {X} in the country you know way back in the little I never never went to a graveyard like in Franklin you know and now we have two down there. New Hope and uh another they got a new one going. Out down down {X} highway. Interviewer: Do you call those graveyards now? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Do they call them graveyard 330: They call they call them gardens you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And I guess that's what they what they called 'em gardens. Interviewer: What about cemetery? 330: Cemeteries or gardens you know. Interviewer: Those those words are new words though? They didn't they called 'em graveyards when you were growing up? 330: Mm-hmm. {C: tape overlaid} And now they call 'em gardens {X} a cemetery. Interviewer: What do they when you were growing up what did they call the boxes that they would bury people in? 330: Well they never like we never heard of {X} see we just had a a plain box called it, it was made out of I I just pine I'd say. Just a pine box. Interviewer: You call it a casket or 330: Oh it uh no you it would be I think they just called 'em boxes. They put this casket in it you know they'd put it down in there then and I didn't when I was young I never seen anybody buried in a vault, I mean a a steel vault. Nothing like that you know, we didn't have 'em. {X} They'd take this box and we'd dig graves Interviewer: Uh-huh 330: Like I said we would dig this grave and we'd dig a step like {X} place and we'd put that box down in there. We fixed that ourselves Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: We put it down in there. And set this lid up on the side of it we'd take a sheet and cut {X} we'd cut it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And pin it into the bank {X} all around all around the grave in around in the bank. Then when they were they bring the body we have to bury it then they'd uh let 'em down with a strip {X} let 'em down with a {X} Interviewer: The body or the 330: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 # 330: #1 Just the casket. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # The casket? 330: Mm-hmm. And about that wide strap Interviewer: Two inches wide? 330: We we'd let 'em down, hold 'em just ease 'em down there'd be some there'd be four of us. Or six or something like that whatever they wanted it to be. {X} you know we'd let 'em down just let 'em slip in the hand, eased 'em down Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And then when they'd got when I was {X} {C: tape overlaid} they'd lay that lid over on top of that then we'd go to shoveling in dirt. On top of 'em you know. But then later on when {X} great big thing you know of metal Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} flat like about each corner Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: You've seen you know those I know. And it has a thing you just clip a little thing you know and then you let it down. Well the first one ever I seen I guess it's been fifty fifty-five {X} just {D: attach a man on} little boy's father {X} on my daddy's place and I I helped dig his grave. And uh they that's the first one they ever seen that man {X} {X} I tell you about it his body and he talking about it and he told me that he wanted a {X} tried out. It's supposed to be alright. So they set it down {X} and this man himself was about six six or six seven {X} and a lot of 'em seven foot younger ones. And he pressed this button that thing fell just {NS} hit the ground just like {X} it didn't hold, and then it go do what it's supposed to do. And they just {D: like to died. You never heard such cantering in your life} {D: gotta let it fall} But there wasn't a thing the undertaker could do about it all these folks to mash that button and release {X} let it down but then they do now you know they just do that thing even some of 'em mash a button still and they just go down to the slow you know then they have {X} get 'em down {D: right even} with the grave now most people do. And then they'll they'll leave something over it and then people the people go off {X} their folks I mean folks would go get in the car and ride off something or other you know, then they they'll let it down {X} colored people covers 'em up now you know graveyards and they fix 'em up. Then these family people would come back Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And look it over see the flowers place some flowers on it {X} gone and bring 'em back. But I like to see it I don't I don't know what they'll do to me though. I don't reckon it makes any difference. But I'd like 'em stay there and see me put me in the ground. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Not get up and ride off. But most everybody does now. Don't even stay to watch it. Don't want to stay. They used to build a the high road here now I could tell you about that. When they's building that highway {D: thirty-one cars} They built it with mules, of course, and scoots. Interviewer: Mules and what? 330: Scoots. To haul move the dirt with, just just a I got one down in my barn scoot. Farm scoot we called 'em. That's what they had and those mules pulled that singletree of course {X} to it and they'd just pull it big niggers would hold them handles had a little handle go in there on the side {D: a cup} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Something like that all clamped over. And they'd hold it down and load that scoot and the colored guy would {X} most of 'em was colored labor and they'd stay right there and and the men would come right behind 'em just a great line of mules Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And they'd load 'em and haul that dirt. Move it and build that build these roads. I seen 'em build that one and I seen 'em build this one from Franklin into Nashville. My time. They'd build 'em with scoots. And uh {D: we side over there a bunch of water} working us boys had old Jim over there colored {X} we all was watch ball games over there and {X} I had a lot of friends course I never did get to go to school or any but I I was pretty friendly over there with 'em the young generation you know so we decide we'd have a boxing match. {NS} And this two colored people from Florida one of 'em great big nigger colored guy one was small. And we had some {X} boxing they'd go put on their {D: exhibition they said} and charge us a dollar we charged them about a dollar a piece to come in the gym. We had us take five or six hundred people in there that maybe a thousand, I don't know. You never saw such a {X} people. #1 You could hardly walk in there. # Interviewer: #2 yes # 330: And {X} gym floor you know had rope had it roped off course these boys that {X} knew how to fix everything we were gonna give the one the colored guy that uh won the money all the money. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: So {X} a little bigger nigger said he he'd take him on. He didn't believe that the big nigger'd hit him {D: believe he could work him} and it went on I don't know {X} one round maybe two rounds that little bit colored guy got up on that old big nigger and he just hit jostling him all in the chest face {X} chin nose old big one just spitting and so you never see this {X} {D: back} and finally he just come around like that {X} and he hit that little nigger right up under there Interviewer: {X} 330: And he just went spinning in the air and hit the floor he laid there we thought he'd killed him. And we run out there to help get him up we told him that we wasn't gonna we wouldn't disqualify him {X} we just we just like we tried to let him go back in, that was wasn't a fair punch. It's just a oh side punch. {D: hit him} Interviewer: That's not legal? 330: He said it was but I {X} tried to get him to fight again you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: He said no sir boss said I'll take said I's ain't going back in, just give all that money to that big nigger says I's ain't going back in there now. Said I don't want all that money but we did give him part of it. We we didn't give the big one all of it. We give him some. But he wasn't fixing to let us get him back in that ring {D: said oh he saw diamonds and} stars when that big nigger's hit him him he said. He didn't want said he'd like to see some more diamonds but he didn't want to stand that kind of lick cuz Interviewer: {NW} {C: tape overlaid} Okay um say if you had some really nice dishes chances are they'd be made out of 330: Uh I pure china Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever see an egg made out of this? 330: Of what? Interviewer: An egg made out of this? 330: Out of dishes? Interviewer: Out of this china. 330: No. No I never did see that. Seen eggs {NS} Interviewer: Okay um let's see what what would you use to carry food to the pigs in? 330: In the just any kind of feed you mean, or slop? Interviewer: Yeah, slop. What would you 330: Slop buckets. Interviewer: Okay. And what would you use to fry eggs in now? 330: Skillets. Interviewer: Okay does that have little legs on it? 330: The skillet? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Uh-uh. Interviewer: It's just flat. 330: Flat skillet with a handle. Interviewer: Okay. And if you wanted to plant some flowers to grow in the house, um what sort of container what would you call the container that you planted 'em in? 330: Well it uh it's a little uh jar of thing, a crock kinda we got we have some of 'em here I could have a little hole in the bottom Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: For water drain out of you know when you feed it with water drain out of it I guess you'd call 'em {NS} I don't know, let me ask my wife. That's what I'd call it. Flower little flower pot. I guess that'd be Interviewer: Yeah. 330: About what you'd call it. But uh they uh about that big around I got a bunch of 'em right there on the back porch now sitting out there. Did you ever gonna plant some {X} and the she just pours water in there you know and that little hole it'll go feed on out goes out of it when it {X} I guess that's what that hole is for, feed out of. Interviewer: Okay what about um if you went out and cut some flowers you'd put them in a {C: audio missing} and if um the things that you eat with, to set the table you everyone has a plate, then everyone has a 330: Fork knife spoon Interviewer: Okay. Um so so you say a spoon and a fork and a 330: And a knife. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} and you said 330: Napkin of course you use give each person with a napkin you know. Interviewer: Okay you say after she washes the dishes, then she what them in clear water? 330: She washed 'em in uh uh uh the detergent waters something you know dish water that Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: She pumped in there. My mother had {X} {D: don't use no soap, just} detergent {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} {X} get on her hands, she uses {X} Interviewer: Then after 330: Then she had a grill she sets 'em in to let 'em drain and dry you know. Interviewer: But to get all the detergent off 'em she what them? 330: #1 Dries 'em. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: #1 Wipes 'em. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: #1 With a cloth. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Runs clear water over them then she 330: Runs clear water over them then take this cloth and dries 'em then she puts 'em in this Interviewer: What do you call it when she's running the clear water over them? You say she's she washes them and then she 330: She she washes 'em in that d- detergent water then she runs uh then she clear water I guess rinse 'em. Rinsed 'em off, that's what I'd Interviewer: So you say she 330: She rinsed 'em off with clear water. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call the cloth or rag that you use when you're washing dishes? 330: Well I'd call it a dish rag. Interviewer: Okay. Um and what about when you're drying them? 330: Well that's a I uh would be a drying cloth Interviewer: Okay. And what do you call a little cloth you use when you're um bathing your face? 330: Uh washrags Interviewer: Okay. And after you take your bath you dry yourself off with a 330: In a towel with a bath towel. Interviewer: And to turn on the water at the sink you turn on the 330: Faucet. Interviewer: Okay. Would you call it the same thing if it were outside? And you hooked your hose up to it? 330: The faucet? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Yeah we have faucets out there. I got have a hose {X} you got one out yonder in the yard faucet you know got the hose we you could put sometimes we'll have two fifty foot hose on there to water something you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Now then I have a big spring down there that pumps it up here got a pump pump laying under the water. I never did I've got my well fixed up before way I use it for years. And uh but this other one spring fixed up, it's a great big spring water Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Come by the {X} out from under the hill up there. In a sandbox then carried over put them in this {D: rudder boy} they're pumps laying on concrete blocks. And that's the way it pumps. And then I got a big trough rudder board below water runs off and what my cattle drinks out of. Interviewer: You you just have one trough? 330: Huh? Interviewer: You just have 330: Just have one trough where the cattle drinks. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Out there. Course I've got twigs running through branches all through my {X} that drink out down there but that thing with this big got two big springs down there. But one of 'em has got a box big concrete box concrete bottom in it then it runs off in there and they drink they even got to go down stick your head in it and then drink, you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} quite a few of 'em can drink at one time. It's a great big thing, holds twelve I reckon five or twelve hundred gallon of water. Interviewer: What do you what would you call a sink that you put food in for the hogs? 330: Hogs? Troughs. Hog troughs. Interviewer: You say it was so cold last night that our water pipes 330: Frozen. Interviewer: Yeah and did what they froze and 330: Busted? Interviewer: Okay. And you say if you stuck a pin in a balloon it would 330: Bust. Interviewer: Okay. Um what did say forty-five fifty pounds of lard used to come in? 330: Lard stands. Interviewer: Okay. Do you talk about molasses stands too? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Yeah molasses stand was just a small one you put your molasses in to have one used to sit on the table used to we used to have molasses stand our {X} what I what I'm going to all I know of it had a little thing to mash down and you let 'em run click then you {X} what you think you need one you know you just {X} get your thumb up that cuts 'em off. Interviewer: How how much molasses would a stand hold? 330: About a quart I'd say. About a quart. Interviewer: What about lard? 330: {X} quart might not have might and a lard stand? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It lard stand hold about six gallons I'd say. We'd put we still buy those and put 'em in every year, put our lard in. Interviewer: Okay. Um suppose you wanted to pour something from a big container, say a pitcher of something into a a container with a real narrow mouth. 330: Now it'd have to have a funnel. Interviewer: Okay. And suppose you were driving horses and you wanted 'em to go faster, you might hit 'em with a 330: Whip. Interviewer: Okay. And if you bought some food at the store the grocer would put it in a 330: Sacks. Interviewer: Okay. What would that be made out of? 330: Well it'd just uh uh it's wood out of wood the way I understand it {NS: rooster crows} a sack is, ain't it? {NS: rooster crows} Made out of wood papers and everything don't it come out of wood? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I don't know what kind of wood, I never did see it made. Interviewer: Yeah but it's paper anyway, not cloth? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever call anything besides a sack? Did you ever call it poke paper poke? 330: Paper poke? Pep paper Interviewer: Huh? 330: A pep is a paper pep or something do you mean like it's you said paper poke? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I believe I've heard it called paper pep a pep {NS:rooster crows} Interviewer: Pep? 330: {D: seem to me like} Interviewer: Hmm. 330: I don't know. Maybe maybe you're right. I don't know too much about that. Interviewer: {X} say that 330: I've heard some people call it paper pep. But I I don't know whether that's right or wrong. Interviewer: Okay how what did flour used to come in? 330: {X} in sacks little sacks. Made cloth sacks. Interviewer: Okay. And what about seed or feed what would that come in? 330: They come in they's come in uh in uh burlap sacks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And now they just {D: by now a} thing of the past, they got so high you know? They put 'em in plastic bags now. Feed in plastic bags. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did you ever call it anything besides burlap sack? 330: Uh well we had a we we had a one a one we used to go down to the mill with call it a mill sack. It's really good thing {D: it was high back in the young days} they cost you here I think about a dollar back in my young days. But that was a real sack. And then we sell our corn and go to the mill Interviewer: How much corn would you take? 330: Usually took about a bushel, a bushel and a half. Interviewer: What would you call that? 330: A ten corn, shell corn? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: We they have a mill a grist mill Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {D: fellow had a grist mill to brine it with} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Well {X} kept wheat. I used to plant way back years ago I planted my own wheat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And {X} I got it threshed Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: At {X} mill. And I sell the miller all but what I figured it would take to run us. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And what I think it take to run us I'd bring me a hundred pound maybe back a hundred fifty pound back and leave the rest of it at the mill. And if I needed flour I'd go get me some more. {D: either way} And I and they always kept plenty, I never did have to buy none out of the store. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {D: but to have on it} but all those mills did away, burned up or what {D: own river} {X} what they they either burned up or one just decayed or I believe oh somebody said the one out here about on the Duck River {X} somebody or other maybe. I never was out to Kingston mill I believe you call it something maybe they maybe they might still make a little I don't know. But that's the only one that I've ever heard of. The rest of 'em all I know of is just used to be one right here down on the river one or two of 'em on the Duck River they all gone. No such thing now. I don't reckon anybody raises wheat and cares to a mill. You know like I did. We all everybody I wasn't the only one. Everybody did. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} wheat get a truck {D: hire a} truck. {NS} and carried up there and unloaded it, weigh it up and test it see what kinda {D: grade is on} {X} high tested {X} flour per bushel they'd give you you know. They they'd make two two different kinds of flour there {X} daisy and {X} lily {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And daisy's supposed to be the best one, course we always got the best. Daisy flour {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: {X} How much wheat would you take? 330: I'd take about uh twenty-five bushels, thirty something like that. {X} bread Interviewer: Okay {X} 330: I mean I'd keep about that much course we'd take all we made you know. We'd sell the rest of it at the end. Interviewer: The corn you take, maybe you take one bushel or two bushels or 330: We'd take over there usually about a bushel or bushel and a half to the mill, and get 'em to grind it. Interviewer: But did you ever have a word for the amount you'd take whether not talking about it's one bushel or one and a half bushels or whatever did you ever have just another word you'd use? Did you ever say I'm gonna take a 330: So many pounds, or Interviewer: Yeah did you ever use the word turn? 330: Turn? Interviewer: Turn of corn? 330: Turn of corn yeah. Interviewer: What what does that mean? 330: Well that just uh that just uh I reckon most {X} yeah that's what they what they if somebody asked you where you going say I'm going to take a turn of corn to the mill. Yeah I say that a million times. I don't know why we say it but that's what they was taught all of our fathers, you know, grandfathers say it. Won't you take a turn of corn to the mill today what my daddy tell me. Well I know what that meant said go down there he finally bought us a corn sheller. Just stick turn a handle like a {D: sawmill} {D: did you ever see a little old sawmill} grind something well that's where they kinda much like corn sheller this corn sheller you'd could clamp it on the box or something other Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And just stick an ear of corn up there in it and it'd just shell it right off and the cob would go off over here in the box another box {X} corn would go another place. Interviewer: Yeah. Do you use the cob for anything? 330: Well like I said, a lot of 'em made kindling out of 'em and Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And oh I never did. But I know other people kept 'em to build fires with cob they'd soak 'em in the kerosene and put 'em up Interviewer: Animals can't eat the cob at all, can they? 330: Well you could now now there's a lot of people lot of people crush 'em and feed 'em to cows. I don't see there'd be a lot of {X} but it wouldn't hurt 'em I don't guess. I've seen people {D: buy crushed cobs} Interviewer: Hmm. 330: I never have. Never think it benefited. Interviewer: Yeah. What would you call the amount of wood that you'd carry in both your arms? 330: Uh armful of wood. Interviewer: Okay. And say nowadays if a light burned out in one of your well that thing you have sitting on the table there. What do you call that? 330: Lamp. Interviewer: Yeah but that you screw into the lamp. 330: Bulb. Interviewer: Okay what kind of bulb? 330: Uh uh a light bulb. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you wanted to carry the wash out to hang it on the line, you'd carry it out in a clothes 330: Uh basket. Interviewer: Okay. And what did nails used to come in? 330: Nails used to come in nail kegs. Interviewer: Okay. And what would run what would you call the thing that runs around the barrel to hold the wood in place? 330: Stave staves. Interviewer: But the thing that would hold that in place. 330: There there was there was a stave at the a little old thin metal thing would run around there and clamp right on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And there's I have seen some of 'em have a wire Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And twisted it so it'd stick on 'em. Around those barrels, hold 'em together. Interviewer: Did you ever hear that called something else? A 330: Uh the the the those metal things to hold it together? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Uh I I think clamps Interviewer: Yeah. Did you ever hear you know women maybe this was before your time but women had these big dresses that'd come out what what would hold them out? 330: Uh I I never did see I've heard of 'em but I never did see. They were oh mighty long {X} I never did see none. Uh some kind of was it bustle? Uh bustle? Interviewer: No I'm thinking about something round. That would go around 330: Great big Interviewer: Yeah. Do you say hoops or hoops 330: Hoops? Interviewer: Yeah. Did you ever hear that? Did you ever hear that talking about a barrel? 330: Talking about wheat? Interviewer: Either the dress or the barrel, the word hoops or hoops. 330: I guess I I may have heard might have heard of hoops I don't know. I never did I don't remember anything about 'em. Interviewer: Okay if you opened a bottle of something and you didn't want the liquid to spill out, you'd stick in a 330: The cork back in? Interviewer: Okay. And this is a musical instrument. You play and you go like this. 330: {NW} Jew's harp. Interviewer: Okay but that's that you twang. 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay what about 330: French harp. Interviewer: Okay um and what do you call a thing that you hit nails with 330: Hammers. Interviewer: Okay. And if you have a wagon and two horses what do you call the long wooden piece that comes between the horses? {NS} 330: The uh coupling pole oh tongue you're talking about {X} {X} tongue Interviewer: What's that other thing you mentioned? 330: Coupling pole what holds the back in the wheels to the front one. Couple pole. Just like your tongue only it runs back there and you gotta put a bolt in Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And that holds 'em together. You can make a have a bed then that sits on it you know. Interviewer: I see. 330: We don't see many wa- more wagons now, like that you know they don't exist. Been gone for years. Interviewer: What um say if you have a horse pulling a buggy before you hitch him up you have to back him in between the 330: Shafts. Interviewer: Okay. And talking about the parts of the wagon wheel now say you start in the middle you know with you call that the hu- 330: Hub. Interviewer: Then the spokes come out and what do they 330: Rim. Interviewer: Okay. And what what goes over the rim? 330: Tire. Interviewer: Okay. Is there another part that um let's see the spokes fit into the is there another name for is there another 330: Hub. Interviewer: Yeah but 330: Hub is one place down there Interviewer: Yeah {X} 330: And then Interviewer: for the rim is there 330: Uh that's what I I called it. The wagon rim. Interviewer: You ever hear {D: felt} 330: Fell? Interviewer: Felly or fellower {D: felly or} 330: I reckon I've heard 'em called I might have heard that heard called heard 'em called but I woulda called 'em rim wagon rim but there might have been maybe some people did call 'em that you know. Interviewer: No this is something it's different from the rim, it's something that just it's just got two spoke holes or it's just it's a different piece from the rim. 330: It is a different piece? Interviewer: I think so. But I don't if you've never heard that word then felly or fell? 330: I don't believe I've ever heard of Interviewer: Okay um now suppose there was a log across the road, you'd say I tied a chain to it and I 330: Drug it across. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd say we have what quite a few logs out of this road we have 330: Uh we have uh we you say we have a bunch of 'em on the road? Interviewer: Yeah. We um if I have what 330: We {X} the logs Interviewer: But I have tied a chain around and logs and I have what many logs out of this road I have 330: Have drug 'em out of the road Interviewer: Okay. Um and what do you call the the thing that the wheels of the wagon fit into that goes across 330: Wheel the the the axle? Interviewer: Okay. And you mentioned plows the other day. Is what would you use to break up the ground, break up those clods? After you plowed? 330: Well uh after turn it uh used a {X} {X} rollers used to be Interviewer: What kinds of harrows are there? 330: Huh? Interviewer: What kinds of harrows are there? 330: Ki- what kinda {X} Interviewer: Harrows 330: Harrows? Oh just a you could get could get a iron a metal harrow with little teeth in it, or you could we back in my day when we were young we had a blacksmith would build 'em out of uh oak {D: four each oak} and then he'd bore holes down through these things {X} and then he'd get those teeth and push 'em in there, drive 'em in there. And they would really tear the ground up. They was heavy. {D: little steel harrows you'd have to put} you know a lot of weight on 'em {X} {X} real heavy {D: pulley charred point} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: All around it and that was old run over hopped and he would uh crush his {X} that {X} would. I never did own one of those, my father never did neither. But I borrowed a lot of 'em you know getting ground for a little seed in good shape you know? It'd just pack it just pack that thing was really heavy. And it'd just mash that ground down just like you'd want to get it down fine for little seeds you know, to have seed bed. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: What would you if you wanted to saw a log chop chop a log, what would you set that on? 330: A to to saw it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or chop it. 330: Well uh Interviewer: Did you ever see anything shaped like this? 330: Mm-hmm. Horses. {C: tape overlaid} I guess you just sit there like that then lay up in there {X} {D: saw 'em} yeah I've that's what I called 'em, horses. I used to we used 'em many ways to buildings houses, too. You'd lay 'em up something up in there horse you know and have legs on it {X} your back rested you know we used to I sawed {X} just hand saw it just cut nowadays they have electric saws you know band saws they call 'em. It runs and they you just cut a piece off just like that people cut 'em off I'd saw sometimes saw deep {X} look like {X} {X} 330: years it'd days been seven mighty good Interviewer: {NW} 330: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: {NS} things have been mighty good. I don't know how they'll come out I guess I expect it'll be as high this fall as it's been be maybe maybe a little higher than it were last year. You know they're trying to make {X} put 'em down to people are says get so high you can't eat it but the farmers are not feeding 'em they hadn't they're not they they're not jumped up nothing like {X} {X} time he feeds 'em and you don't get calves every year sometimes they {X} Now you {C: tape overlaid} farm and feed 'em {X} well you don't got anything to live on you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {C: tape overlaid} A lot of folks don't realize that. That ain't just all free. But that yelling {X} came off that's all the farmers he got to take a have expenses {X} {C: tape overlaid} lots of time you lose some. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {C: tape overlaid} life lose some, have trouble with 'em. {C: tape overlaid} That's what I'm planning on {D: we get seventy-three more years} {C: tape overlaid} to have all these cows {X} {X} {X} {X} sixty-two then and I thought she {X} maybe {C: tape overlaid} and a big cow maybe wouldn't live Interviewer: Yeah. Okay we're talking about you straighten your hair with a comb and a {C: tape overlaid} 330: Brush. Interviewer: Okay. And if you were using one of these you'd say you were going to 330: Use one of those? Interviewer: Yeah you'd say you're gonna 330: {X} Gonna gonna I see I if I was gonna use one of 'em I'd say I was gonna I reckon just gonna comb my hair I reckon. That's what I'd say, wouldn't I? Interviewer: Comb or Wife: Groom. 330: Groom? Wife: Wouldn't it be groom? Interviewer: Okay um or if you used a brush you'd say you were going to 330: To brush it.{NS} Interviewer: Okay. Um and you sharpen a straight razor on a leather 330: Strap. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you put in a pistol? 330: Cartridges. Interviewer: Okay. 330: {X} I've never had my hands on one once but one in my life. But uh I do know that the you have cartridges you put in 'em Interviewer: Yeah. Wife: {X} {NW} Interviewer: Okay um this is something that children play on. You take a board and it rests on a trestle like this and goes up and down. 330: See-saw? Interviewer: Okay. And if you saw some children playing on one you'd say they were 330: See-sawing I guess. Interviewer: Okay. Um this is something that you take a plank and anchor it in the middle and it turns around and around 330: {C: tape overlaid} The plank goes round and round? Well that would be a {C: tape overlaid} merry go round I guess. Interviewer: Okay. Any other names for that? 330: Well I don't know. Interviewer: You ever heard of flying {C: tape overlaid} 330: {X} Wife: {D: I have} 330: Not that's going around. Interviewer: Did you ever hear flying jenny? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Flying jenny? 330: Flying jenny. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: I never heard of it. Interviewer: Um and you'd take a a rope and tie a long rope to a tree limb and put a seat on it and you'd be making 330: Swing Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: {NW} Interviewer: And what do you carry coal in? 330: Scuttle. Coal scuttle. Interviewer: Okay. And what runs from the stove to the chimney? 330: What runs through the stove to the chimney? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Uh heat. {X} say. Interviewer: Okay what what do you call um {C: tape overlaid} okay you have a chimney on a fireplace. What do you have on a stove? Wife: {X} 330: Well you'd have to have a pipe to to carry you know the smoke and heat Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: out Interviewer: What's the pipe fit into? 330: It'd go in the flue. I guess most of 'em do you know {X} to cut a hole through the mantle at mantle and you put pipes in 'em when they go to put 'em in the home but most of 'em just have flues you know, but {X} and you run the pipe up {X} Interviewer: Okay um and this is something you might use if you were um carrying brick somewhere. It has a little wheel in front, and two handles. {C: tape overlaid} 330: That's a wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Okay. Um and what would you use to sharpen say an axe on? 330: Grindstone. Interviewer: Okay. What about something smaller than an axe, like a knife? 330: Well you'd have you'd have you could use a file a whet rock. Interviewer: Okay. And um if something was squeaking, to lubricate it you'd have to do what to it? 330: Gr- oil it. Interviewer: Or 330: Grease it. Interviewer: Okay. So you'd say yesterday I what my car yesterday I 330: Had to grease Interviewer: Okay Um and if grease got all over your hands you'd say your hands were all 330: I {X} I'd say it's messed up my Wife: Greasy. 330: Greasy. Mighty greasy. Interviewer: Um let's see do you ever um it's what the stuff that you'd burn in lamps. What would you call that? 330: Kerosene. Interviewer: Okay, any other name for that? Wife: Coal. 330: Yeah, coal. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever make a lamp using um a rag and a bottle and 330: I've seen it. I never did make one. I've saw 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: People that make 'em and {D: go out} {X} you know camping like and have 'em. {D: and it'll burn right on} burn till it burns every drop of that kerosene out. Interviewer: Yeah. {X} 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you know what they called it? 330: I don't I don't know what they called it but they just stuck a piece of cloth and uh wasn't too wide, stuck it down in there and got just the kerosene on it, stuck a match to it it went to burning, it just burned nearly burned every drop of it out. You could you can take that do the same thing about putting something out to draw you know to draw the water out of a can or something. Interviewer: Mm. 330: Start it {X} pipe and he'd run every drop of it out. Interviewer: {X} 330: {D: siphon} Interviewer: Yeah. {C: tape overlaid} 330: {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Okay um inside the 330: A lot of gas, I imagine {X} had run out of gas, I look it I put {X} I never did see nobody now {D: hoping to go} get mine, I had did have ones that eighteen below zero that when I was working tobacco business in Franklin somebody stole {X} never got home. Interviewer: Really? 330: {X} {X} I put gas in there today. I wouldn't fill it up then like I do now but I'm afraid somebody would get stuck down there you know where I was working. And just {X} {X} {X} I was trying to get home, and everybody's cars and {X} trucks had froze up, and then the fellow stopped {X} came off to get his son said he was drunk awful as {X} fellow's house Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And I told 'em I says oh Mister Bob I been two or three hours trying to get home, I said I can't go. I can't get home.{C: tape overlaid} That's when all my children {X} and I told 'em I I'm going home my wife and babies I said so they got another fellow to get him go get him {C: tape overlaid} and he {C: tape overlaid} {X} two minutes but all that {X} {D: you ever played} {X} little round rings on {X} Interviewer: {C: tape overlaid} 330: It's{C: tape overlaid} it's right interesting. And there's a bunch of 'em {X} and some of 'em playing {X} and this {X} walked in there told 'em call the sheriff she just killed this nigger man, well this boy his son was there. {X} they they doubted it they just didn't think she had she had {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And some of 'em said they {X} hear it and just tried to get out of the way you know so they called the sheriff, boy did that{C: tape overlaid} {B} {X} my brother-in-law {D: wanted to sue them} and he called the sheriff {C: tape overlaid} {D: and she left and went towards Holly Grove} {C: tape overlaid} didn't go very far she she was moaning and groaning and carrying on {D: bloody} she turned and came back then started back told us where she came from over there due west and the sheriff and them picked up this little piece of {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} like that but she told 'em to call come and get her she'd killed him. I I think she {C: tape overlaid} he was had been drinking I reckon really drunk didn't know what he was doing Interviewer: Yeah. 330: She shot a {X} big hole Interviewer: What's that game you said they were playing? 330: {X} Interviewer: Were they 330: It's just a {X} they have a {X} like pool {X} you probably have played a little pool well it has four corners pockets and uh {C: tape overlaid} you played you can play {X} {C: tape overlaid} playing and that one of 'em sits on one side like they had a {X} here {X} you you have shoot yours and these two over here {D: at least} you try to and {C: tape overlaid} I might accidentally a lot of 'em did it on purpose course try to {X} knowing where you could shoot {X} bank against that line behind the line you would have to {X} kick at 'em try to kick 'em in Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And that's {X} I never could learn to do that I never but I I've seen a lot of 'em kick 'em in there just perfect. Interviewer: What what were they trying to kick in? 330: {X} just little round wooden they have some now plastic I see it some of 'em make 'em out of plastic little round wooden {D: ring like} out of wood they're light.{C: tape overlaid} Then you have a toy{C: tape overlaid} that's white and these {X} will be either one one half would be red, {C: tape overlaid} the other would be green. And you'd choose what kind you want and I maybe want {C: tape overlaid} to choose first say well I'll take red and shoot uh if he makes the red he whoever makes green you'd say well I'll take green then he misses and you shoot, you see. It's really interesting all they had they there sure have been a lot of {X} down here in this country Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Had a lot of fun out of it. Lots of fun. Hadn't shot any in years and years. {C: tape overlaid} But we shot {C: tape overlaid} {X} ever I was growing up we shot that every night. Every night, had a board down there on the platform up high where you could stand up and shoot going {X} bench set this {D: bow} down on {D: sat down} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Okay um inside the tire of a car you'd have the 330: Tube. Interviewer: Okay. And if someone had built a boat and they were gonna put it in the water for the first time you'd say that they were going to 330: Now that's something I don't know anything about. Boats I don't know. Wife: {X} 330: Well no they're gonna put it in there to wet it? To I guess soak it to wouldn't it, to make it tighten Interviewer: I think do you know the word launch launch the boat? Did you ever 330: Um I never have heard anything to do with but I been I've been in a three or four different times out in a little boat {X} one boat one time down there at night one was up {X} scared to death never did go back {C: tape overlaid} those big boys come through there in the morning about two oh clock we stayed all night out there. That thing like {X} the little old boat there we had to tie it to a tree Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But that thing that boy could load it you know he'd just {X} set 'em down like that and I'd go {X} {X} Wife: They spent the night. Interviewer: {NW} 330: They never did get me out there but I don't know what you'd use say you {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I guess you'd{C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Do you know names for different kinds of boats? 330: Huh? Interviewer: You know names for different types of boats? {C: tape overlaid} 330: No now I just I just I don't I don't know anything about about boats. {X} Interviewer: Okay um if a child was just learning to dress himself the mother would bring him the clothes and tell him here your clothes here 330: {X} dress him, he he well she brought her clothes in and she'd tell him to put 'em on. Interviewer: Yeah or she'd give it to him and tell him here 330: Uh-huh here's your clothes. Interviewer: Okay. {X} 330: Put on dress yourself now. Interviewer: Okay um say um {C: tape overlaid} say if you were taking a child to the dentist or the or the doctor and the child was afraid and crying you know but the doctor might tell 'em don't be scared, I 330: I'm not gonna hurt you. Interviewer: Okay. Um and uh if a woman wanted to buy a dress of a certain color she'd take along a little square of cloth to use as a 330: Sample? Interviewer: Okay. And she saw a dress that she liked a lot and it looked good on her, she'd say oh that dress is very 330: It it's very pretty. Interviewer: Okay. And a little girl might say well Susie's dress was pretty but mine is even 330: {NW} it'd be prettier. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Would that be right? It'd be prettier? Mine's even lot prettier. Interviewer: Um what might a woman wear over a dress in the kitchen? 330: Well uh uh apron most of 'em do. I imagine. Interviewer: And to sign your name in ink you'd use a 330: Find a pen. Interviewer: Okay. And to hold a baby's diaper in place you'd use a 330: Safety pin. Interviewer: Okay. Um this is a kinda metal that they make some pails or buckets out of 330: A metal. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Wife: Aluminum. 330: I well it it's galvanized and and and there's a there's a aluminum buckets too and a tin bucket Interviewer: Okay. 330: There's a few different kinda buckets you know. Interviewer: Okay. And a dime is worth 330: {C: tape overlaid} Ten cents. Interviewer: Okay. And if it was real cold outside before you went out you might put on your 330: Coat. Interviewer: Okay. And um in a man's sometimes a man would put um put on his shirt you know and then before he puts on a coat he puts on a little 330: Jacket? Interviewer: Okay. Um so a suit consists of a coat is there any other name for jacket? 330: Yeah there is. I don't know, I've never most suits don't have it have vests now, do they? Wife: The back of those aren't {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: No I haven't bought one in years, I've got to get me one {X} Interviewer: {NW} Wife: Vest too on some suits. 330: {D: don't get all puffed now} just want to get a summer suit get one before I can wear cold weather too I hope. I ain't never have two. {NS} I am not Interviewer: Okay um a suit would consist of a coat and a vest and what else? 330: Pants. Interviewer: Okay. Any other name besides pants? 330: Trousers. Interviewer: Okay. What about britches? Do you use that word? 330: Yeah. I've heard yeah yeah.{NW: laughing} Sure. Interviewer: What is does britches sound old funny or old Wife: Yeah sounds like a Southerner. 330: Britches is sorta like the britches on a mule or put on their britches. Interviewer: You put on a mule's 330: as of what you're gonna work 'em to wear you know hold 'em to hold back with you know {C: tape overlaid} {X} That's something I know you never did see. Interviewer: No I 330: Put 'em on. And they #1 haul yeehaw you know then they they'll hold back # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: sit back sit back on that tongue and those britches you put on 'em {D: back off} back leg back in there then they I saw 'em get {C: tape overlaid} {X} themselves {X} they'll hold 'em back for you if you got 'em trained course sometimes they run away too. Interviewer: {NW} 330: I've had 'em run {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Pretty hard to catch. 330: They get scared. Sometimes run away with you. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Mules {X} ride 'em working 'em you know ride 'em in and work. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I {X} 'em I still like to {X} mule sure do. Don't have but one, I still got one old mule. He's about near as old as I am. He gets tired and I do too now he's about uh he's at least thirty years old. Wife: That ain't even half your age. 330: Well that's alright. That's old for a mule. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's a terrible old mule. Interviewer: What do you call that pants you're wearing now? 330: The these? Overalls. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay say if you went outside without your coat um you might ask someone to go what me my coat go into the house and 330: {C: tape overlaid} if I went out side of the house without a coat? Interviewer: Yeah and it was cold and you wanted it. You might ask someone go inside and what 330: Get my coat to get my go in the house and get me a coat. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Uh overcoat or something.{C: tape overlaid} Wife: Bring, too, I guess. Bring me a coat. 330: Yeah I'd I'd say go get it. Interviewer: Okay um and the person would come out and say here I what you your coat here I 330: Here's your coat. I brought it to you. Interviewer: Okay. Um and you say that coat won't fit this year, but last year it what perfectly 330: Uh I guess it it uh got too big, I got too large I guess. For it to fit me. Interviewer: Okay but last year it 330: It fit alright. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you'd just bought a suit it wouldn't be an old suit, it would be a 330: A new one. Interviewer: A new what 330: New well a new suit Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you stuck a lot of things in your pockets, it makes them 330: {D: Poke out.} Interviewer: Okay or another word for that. It makes them 330: Run 'em out of shape, too. Wife: Bulge. 330: Bulge out {X} get out of shape. Interviewer: Okay. Um and you say that um that shirt fit me fine until I washed it and it 330: Grew up. Growed up what. {NW} Shrinks you know. I had a lot of 'em and I've had I'll tell you the truth but I've had 'em bought 'em I reckon you'd call a cheap one and the and the dye would come out. Interviewer: Really? 330: Yeah. Come out fade. What you call that? Fade. Interviewer: Okay you say it seems that every shirt I've washed recently has 330: Drawed up. Interviewer: Or has 330: Faded. Interviewer: Or another word for drawed up. Has 330: Shrunk. Interviewer: Okay. And you say I hope this new shirt won't 330: That's right. Would be better it won't uh it won't uh shrink. And draw up. Like the other one. And it won't. The better the shirt is you know had overalls {X} buy overalls {X} the better ones you get will last longer and won't draw up like a little cheap you know pair. And the shirt's the same way. You buy little cheap shirt, and when you have it washed it {NS} it can't you can't keep {X} {X} Interviewer: Yeah. Okay if a woman likes to spend a lot of time in front of the mirror 330: Primping? Interviewer: Okay. Any other words for that? 330: Well I guess why she well let's see {C: tape overlaid} uh she'd be powdering her probably trying to make herself pretty I reckon. Fixing powdering fix up her makeup. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: She'd be {X} putting on makeup probably. I don't know what you'd call it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But a lot of 'em do you know, put on makeup {X} just the amount you know and go to home {C: tape overlaid} I've seen a lot of women {X} {X} see 'em off then go to their home and #1 just # Wife: #2 They use more # now than they used to. 330: They just you just wouldn't know the woman at all. They put on so much stuff. Wife: Is your sister older or younger than you? Interviewer: Yeah uh older. Wife: Hmm. {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: {C: tape overlaid} Um do you use the word primp about a man? Would you say the man liked to primp? 330: Well I never I never have uh-uh, never have heard that spoken I don't think. He just usually just say well he looked neat. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Or nice. Sure did look nice today with his new suit on or something you know. That's what I'd what I'd always heard said.{C: tape overlaid} About the the man you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: There are a few of 'em there are a few men that {D: primp might be} course they have to use some a lot of stuff they get {D: face lotion and} {C: tape overlaid} shaving lotion {D: cream shave himself it smells when you put it on} but they don't primp like the women. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: not in years} particular. Well some of 'em was mighty curious I guess. Men {X} others. Most of the men that I always heard of just {D: sure the clothes} fit 'em pretty good {D: confident that's the main thing} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They'd like you know. But the women like like uh show the clothes off and oh they primp fix 'em up you know {X} I've seen 'em {X} {NW} long time before we'd ever get ready call 'em {X} Wife: Your wife's not like that, is she? Interviewer: {NW} 330: Well not yet. You don't know half the time you fool around and take {X} to get ready don't start {X} okay I can't get ready to get ready. I have to my friends are leaving every time we going to town this afternoon Wife: {D: I don't tell him} 330: and she's well you go on and get ready you could get ready Wife: {X} 330: Yeah wasn't any {X} {NS} Interviewer: What happened? What happened? 330: {D: She} I I had the little wagon up in front going round she come piddling around back in the back finally bought a little can of I think cherries come up there and {X} ladies {C: tape overlaid} I just what are you doing, getting her something? {NW} Ladies that's alright, I'll I'll take it. Wife: {X} 330: She'd take it, too. Wife: She'd make it so {X} 330: Well it's too high to give away somebody. Interviewer: Yeah. Wife: {X} 330: Gonna have to. {X} Interviewer: {NW} Okay this is a little other container that has a clasp on it and people could carry coins in it 330: Purse. Interviewer: Okay. This is a piece of jewelry a woman might wear around her wrist. 330: Well that's bracelet. Interviewer: Okay. And what about something she might wear around her neck? 330: Pearls. Interviewer: Okay. Or beads do you call that a what of beads? 330: A a string of beads. Interviewer: Okay. And what do men wear to hold up their trousers? 330: Belt. Interviewer: Yeah but what do they use to 330: Oh. {NW} Well you call 'em some of 'em call 'em suspenders. {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Suspenders. Yeah. I wore many of those. Interviewer: You what? 330: I wore many a Interviewer: {NW} {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} Okay if it was raining outside what might you carry over you? 330: Umbrella. Interviewer: Okay. And what's the last thing that you put on a bed? You know, the real fancy top cover. 330: A bedspread. Interviewer: Okay. Um and at the head of the bed you put your head on the 330: Pillows. Interviewer: Okay. And do you remember anything about twice as long as a pillow? 330: Twice as long as a pillow? A bolster. Interviewer: Okay. You say the bolster doesn't go part way across the bed, it goes 330: All the way across the bed. Interviewer: Okay. Um {C: tape overlaid} and something that you might put on the bed for warmth that women would piece together 330: Blanket. Interviewer: Okay but some old fashioned that women would piece together 330: Oh quilts. Interviewer: Okay. 330: {NW} Yeah. I I've helped piece quilts. Interviewer: Oh really? 330: Yeah. Way back when I was younger. I had a lot uh {D: cousin of mine} to make him a quilt before he was married. And I{C: tape overlaid} you know help a little. Got {X} stuff I'd go over there and stay the night, she I don't know how many she Wife: {D: I don't think you ever did any work} 330: huh? Wife: I don't think you did help. 330: I did help her some, too. {NS} Interviewer: Is there anything else women would make? For a bed? 330: For a bed? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well Wife: {X} 330: Yeah you'd have to you'd have to make pillow pillowcases like I told you about my mother picking {D: geese} and I'd hold the head to make pillows Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Yeah you make the pillows and cases to put 'em in you know Interviewer: What about {D: callie} {D: callie pin} 330: Uh-huh. Wife: Yeah that's a 330: {D: callie pin} uh-huh Interviewer: What's that? 330: That's a Wife: {D: uh similar to a spread} 330: Just about the same thing. Interviewer: Yeah? 330: Pick this {X} {D: the lighter} thing I'd call it {X} {X} Wife: They were pretty. Interviewer: Okay suppose you had a lot of company and didn't have enough beds say for you you might make 330: Pallets down Interviewer: Okay. What's that now? 330: Pallets. Spread down. That's where you talking about well I'll tell you about you know {X} families they used to I never did tell you about how you used to come way back years when I was small they'd come in wagons. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And they'd the meeting started on Friday morning, they'd look to come in on Thursday. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And they'd put up at a {D: hot second place} and you'd get the mules wagon now and usually they'd try to put up close enough where they could walk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: To church. Cuz we didn't have any cars in those days. And very few of 'em had buggies. Back when I'm talking about when I was really small. And they'd load up had chairs just like we plain you know straight chair they'd just set that in that wagon and they'd ride in there setting in that all the women had their little children in there and that that used to tickle me to death. {X} {D: farm} they had a meet big meeting like that and {D: break out their horses} all broke loose run off tore the buggies all to pieces and we had an awful time, I'll never forget it. That's been a long time ago. And we had a hailstorm {X} since we were married children were small we thought it was gonna tear the house down. He he got oh he got half knee deep in it outside {C: tape overlaid} stayed on there for about two days {X} ground was just white. {X} snow. And second was it second Sunday in June? Or second Saturday in June I mean wasn't it? Wife: {X} 330: Second Saturday in June. That stuff just covered up the ground and stayed that way it didn't melt for about two days I never seen that and the pieces some of 'em were that big you know they tore out windows, tore the church down church down here blew here {X} it took every window they had out of that church now worse in places than it was in others Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Some places you didn't have very much. Interviewer: Okay um talking about land you'd say 330: Land? Interviewer: Uh-huh. We expect a big crop from that field this year because the soil is very 330: Good. Interviewer: Okay or what about another word you might use 330: Rich? Interviewer: Okay. Is there another word? 330: Uh{C: tape overlaid} Wife: Fertile. 330: Well it's just fertile I guess you'd call it. Real fertile land. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call flat low land among the 330: Bottom land. Interviewer: Bottom land? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Is that good land? 330: Yeah. Some of the best. Usually course {X} too wet water stand get where the water could stand on some of it, it it wouldn't be too good. Course it would drowned out, maybe you know if we had too much rain like we're having this year. Land {X} all of it's good land but this year if you have that boys cutting hay up there in the bottom of mine this morning he's talking about it and they got {X} water didn't have much rain it's stands on it you know, going to just {X} {X} {X} {X} had a terrible time getting out. That's course that water just just {X} the land you know {X} dry not too much rain it'll soak up so much you know. {D: never did have so much trouble before, haven't had so much rain in years} {C: tape overlaid} {D: bit of trouble but now this} first time we ever had {X} {C: tape overlaid} but uh but the other way, that's the kinda thing you want if you're going out to buy some good {D: tenable} {X} land you want bottom land. Low land. Not not no hill. {X} {C: tape overlaid} {X} but it's hard to work. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} steep and there's places between here and up on in the mountains it's straight up I went I never have been up in there but one time in my life. Wasn't any interstates then. We went to this North Carolina about it I told you you know what Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh we went there to see a friend lives out there in North Carolina. And honestly I believe you could almost look down some people's chimneys. {X} I never seen nothing like it, just uh it just {X} this then uh they they had built ways for to pass those trailer trucks. But they said way back there you few he told her a few {X} {D: back} there wasn't any way if you got behind one going up one of those mountains you just had to stay behind it till you got on the top you know. He couldn't get into but now later {X} when we went through they had places where that trailer would pull over and let you come on by. And you know there must have been something have to go up in steep places {X} course you you've been over there to the mountains, haven't you? Interviewer: {X} 330: Between here and Asheville? Asheville? North Carolina? Interviewer: Not not really in the mountains, I've just been on 330: Some of the worst ones I ever seen in my life. {X} couldn't believe that there any any kinda here in the world. {X} two they still got interstates but I think they still {X} now they make make they can make a lot {X} of course Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You get ice {C: tape overlaid} scares 'em Interviewer: I guess so. 330: We're thinking about going out there this hope to go maybe sometime this summer. {X} {D: she knows you} I never have seen {D: Carolina after that time} everybody but since then I've been to I been to Florida fishing {X} never go no more Interviewer: {NW} 330: You ever get seasick ride out on a big boat get seasick? Interviewer: Um I've never been seasick but I can see how you'd get it. 330: {C: tape overlaid} Oh I'd like to die. {X} three hours on there and I think it's about {D: twenty-eight or -nine} like it's dead {D: scattered out just like} they wanted me to go down under the water, down in the bottom said it'd be better, lot of 'em did when I first got sick they were gonna take me down in there I won't go down under that water. way down under in the bottom of that boat. I I needed the air. All the air I could {C: tape overlaid} get. About to die. Just vomit and vomit and vomit get just a little bit better. And that thing fall off another hole that boat Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And could see the water cover slap up {X} just pure water over top of it then get finally {D: pull out} {NW} {X} one hole after another {X} had several people tell me they'd carry me free of cost if I'd just go with 'em. I'll never go never worry about me going back out on that {D: wicked} ocean not no especially that them storms they just hit you too quick Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Oh they stopped everybody over there. They wouldn't let anybody go after {C: tape overlaid} they got everybody off of it that {C: tape overlaid} that night they said I was white as a cloth when I got off stepped off that boat I guess I was {D: I said we took a hard walk} I know that, I never have oh I did didn't eat nothing at all all day you know, and vomiting {X} {C: tape overlaid} when you just get sick you just feel like you're gonna die, that's all. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And I wouldn't have cared much if I did I don't reckon. Fish ain't worth it. I like to fish a little, catch 'em, I like to eat 'em, but sure don't go back out there try to get any more fish. Interviewer: You'd just buy 'em 330: {D: no buy stuff} try to you know if it didn't make you sick you'd you'd have a big time. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Sitting out there fishing, catching those fish just as fast as throw it in there. I caught two or three before I got {X} but I never did come up my friends some boys from Alabama and I told 'em I said I'm gone take 'em up real quick {NS} he said no {NS} {X} I said no this is all it for me, I I ain't gonna be able to fish any more, I can see that now. But I finally got that boy one of them boys to tell you I don't know which one I want left or right of 'em one of 'em took we just stand around there boat you know fishing over the side. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Okay what would you call a land that's not not good for much besides just raising grass or clover or alfalfa. Would you have a name for that? 330: Uh we I uh I'd say yeah uh kind of just a pasture land to would be kinda a wasteland like wouldn't be too good of land. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: What I'd call it. Interviewer: Okay what about land that has water standing in it? 330: Well it'd just drowned out stuff you know you just couldn't make anything, it'd be just what what what you mean now what you call that kinda land? Interviewer: Yeah but most of the time it's got water covered with water. 330: It would be Interviewer: Not just because it's flooded, but just most of the time. 330: Got water on the ground? Be a pond. Interviewer: Okay but I'm thinking of swamp or marsh or bog, something like that. 330: Yeah. Be more like a pond. Wife: Marsh, marsh land. 330: M- m- you said marsh? Soft and boggy {X} if something got out in it you'd just {X} Interviewer: You'd just what? 330: {D: it'd mar up} you know, thick up {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Let's see. Okay um would you have names for real rich soil black soil? 330: Well uh mine is phosphate land here yeah. World of phosphate, and a lot of it is country is rich black dirt. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: But uh then there's a lot of dirt {C: tape overlaid} {X} Wife: She said the call what would you call each dirt? 330: Which dirt? Wife: The kinda land that you {X} 330: Well it it it's uh I don't know what you would call it. Rich land. New ground I guess, call it new land. Interviewer: Okay. 330: I just land that it was it'd be you just had it cleared up would be rich you know, it'd just be new ground like. Interviewer: If you just had it cleared 330: cleared up you know you'd clear it {X} nowadays now you used to dig. You used to have to cut with an axe and saws and {X} and stuff but now they have dozers and they just people just clears up these thickets and things puts it in you know {C: tape overlaid} in land just like the first thing you ever saw and it would got to be rich you know, there's been there for centuries with all those leaves falling on it and rotting in it and {X} we we call it rich land that's what I'd call it. {X} Interviewer: Of loam 330: Loam? Interviewer: Yeah. Loam. 330: {X} Wife: No. Loam. L-O-A-M. 330: Loam. Interviewer: Or loom or something talking about land Wife: Loam. I've heard 'em say loam. 330: Uh what do you mean loam to buy buy buy? Wife: Loam. Interviewer: I guess you haven't heard of it. 330: No, I haven't ever heard of it. Interviewer: Okay if you were getting water off of a swamp you'd say that you were doing what 330: Uh getting it off a swamp? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: That'd be pumping it off. I'd say. Wife: Draining it. 330: Draining. Interviewer: Okay. Um {X} 330: Pumping it, either one. Interviewer: Yeah. What would you call the little things that you dug? 330: {C: tape overlaid} little little things do what? Interviewer: That you dug. The little 330: Dig? Trench. Interviewer: Trench? 330: Mm-hmm. To drain it. Interviewer: Okay. Um what would you call a a deep narrow valley in a field that was had been cut by a stream is it's real wide and real deep. 330: That's a a oh levee, levee Interviewer: A levee? 330: We would call 'em levees. Wife: Gully. 330: Big gulley's washed. Wouldn't be {X} but you cut it I believe they have levees. Wife: Cut by a stream it'd be a gully. {C: tape overlaid} 330: {X} course the rain floods and all wash it out a gully a place that may be what you want Interviewer: What about a ravine or hollow or something? 330: Ravine. Interviewer: Or hollow? 330: {D: I've never heard of that} Interviewer: Okay um say you have a a river now something um smaller than a river would be a 330: Creek. Interviewer: Okay. What else? 330: {D: spring branches} Interviewer: How are they different from a creek? 330: Well they're the smallest the creek is where there's a lot of spring branches in emptied into it and runs you know spring branches like take mine, I got spring branches all over the place here. And uh got two big ones down here now one of 'em {D: that I told you the other day about} {X} house and the other one's on the other side. And they just run off they just run on right down here and there's a lot more comes and meets 'em and there there all kinds springs around through the neighborhood and I call that the creek. Then gets in to be a creek you know. Quite a few of 'em get together. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And then they go on down, a lot of these creeks run in {X} direction going south to Duck River. Line we got a line back over here about uh two and a half three miles before Duck River ridge all the water falls on this side goes in Harpeth river Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And then the then it goes on in to Cumberland. All the water over there goes into Duck River. {C: tape overlaid} course now that's funny it's uh {D: fine line} through the Duck River about two and a half three miles Duck River ridge we call it. Interviewer: Hmm. 330: And all that side goes to Duck River and other side goes to Harpeth River. That's right funny water runs here our water runs due north. Towards Harpeth river. Over there it runs due south. Toward uh just just it just a little above me I couldn't remember {D: understand} in my life why would it split separate down in one water go that way and right {X} the fish in there Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And the drain water come rain it all down this way {X} {X} {X} runs down the other way. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And I guess it I've seen a in Kentucky a river {C: tape overlaid} run go off in the ground I forget the name of it, what they called it, but I been to it. Interviewer: Hmm. 330: When I was young. {C: tape overlaid} I could this fellow {X} he told me the name of it a lot of times I can't even keep keep in mind {X} but this {X} and it's real stream of water and just runs off goes off in the {D: grave} holes like big terrible big hole and it just goes off in there just you know which racket it makes going in there. And I think the silt comes out way off somewhere else maybe but I don't know how far. I wouldn't want to live around there. Be afraid I'd get get off in there. Interviewer: {NW} 330: I never did see nothing like that happen before. Interviewer: Yeah. {C: tape overlaid} 330: And they got a name for it, but I couldn't tell you what it is, what they called it some time river Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Hidden river I believe or something or other they called it. {X} goes off Interviewer: What are some of the names of some of the streams around here? Or creeks? 330: Creeks? Interviewer: Or streams or things. 330: Well there we call this creek here I tell you about the Arno creek. And uh the creek over here where I was telling you about we call it Flat Creek. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It goes into the Duck River towards Columbia call it Flat Creek. And uh there's a course whole lot of small ones Wife: {X} 330: Well Harpeth River they got all the way up to they go in the Harpeth River all the creeks back this way. And uh I imagine, I don't know, but all of 'em I guess got a little name, these creeks have a little name. Wife: I figured it was {D: Yarborough} creek that's around here. 330: that they call it {D: Yarborough} hole. Wife: {X} Interviewer: Was it a hole? 330: It was a big deep hole. We used to kids would go down going swimming you know and we called it {D: Yarborough hole} the old fellow that owned it Wife: {X} 330: Owned the farm and we called that {D: Yardley hole} Interviewer: Is it part of the the creek 330: Just a deep hole Interviewer: Big place? 330: Mm-hmm. They have baptizing there Interviewer: Oh really? 330: Yeah, little people in there baptize 'em. Mm-hmm. {C: tape overlaid} I've seen one time out there what happened right down there in that same hole, she's talking about, I don't know whether she ever heard me talk about it you ever hear me talk about {X} I mean baptizing {D: Hensons} {D: Dave Henson, you know him} crazy son one his sons was crazy and this preacher took him in there and Lord he had to take a half a dozen of 'em to hold him he thought they were gonna drown him to death I never will forget it. {D: oh he throwed a fit} Interviewer: The son did? 330: Huh? Interviewer: The son? 330: Yeah. The man's son. He thought they's gonna drown dead you know, didn't have wasn't right at all, just we've had quite a few of 'em people like that it's pitiful live to be old men this poor fellow did and there's another {D: party} lived close to 'em {D: Hall} and they'd get to fighting they would they'd get to fighting {D: through a gate} they'd take a axe a piece or something, get to fighting tear the gate all to pieces {D: every once in a while} just shut hit that gate I told you I'd kill you kill you I kill you I told you I would just beat that gate all to pieces {X} thing I ever seen I seen it, never have seen nothing as Interviewer: Who were they fighting? 330: They they they just hitting at one another this was a hole minor hole and this fencing fellow I was talking about {X} his daddy {X} Interviewer: Um if you wanted to open a door you'd take hold of the door 330: Knob. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Do you ever use that word knob talking about land? 330: Mm-hmm up on the knob, hill Interviewer: Yeah what's 330: Knob hill back across over here Interviewer: What does knob mean? Talking about land? 330: Tall hill just just a big huh? Wife: {X} 330: Huh? Wife: {X} 330: Well that's a big hill back over back down below {X} where they they used {X} Interviewer: Okay um and the rocky side of a mountain that drops off real sharp 330: Bluff? Interviewer: Okay but like you'd say the man jumped over the 330: Man jumped over the Interviewer: The what? 330: Wall? Interviewer: Okay but in a mountain that drops off just real sharp you know Wife: {X} 330: Ledge? Interviewer: Okay what about cliff? 330: Cliff? Oh yeah cliff yeah that would be better. Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Cliff'd be better. Interviewer: Um and up in the mountains where the road goes across in a low place you'd call that a 330: Valley. Interviewer: Okay but not a valley, it's still up in the mountains. 330: Well you call it a let's see, what would that be Interviewer: Did you ever hear of Cumberland Gap? 330: Uh the Cumberland Gap? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Yeah I think I yeah I think I heard of it, I don't know where it's at, located. Wife: Cumberland Mountain. Interviewer: Do you ever use that word gap? 330: Gap? Yeah, I've heard gap spoken quite a few times in my life. Interviewer: What does it mean? 330: I guess it'd be a place where they went to, this country and would be uh place to get out of to go out in the wilderness like and get out of it, would be out of a into opening, wouldn't it? Get out of the gap I'd say. I don't know whether that's right or what it would mean mean or not but that would be my I imagine getting out of and the opening where you get out of {X} you'd be trying to {X} like going in the gap like in in in sort of enclosure then when you get out opening you'd be out out of that's what I think about it. Interviewer: Okay um suppose you took a piece of wood and made a little cut shaped like a V into it 330: A little canoe? You mean a a great big #1 piece, or just # Interviewer: #2 No no just # Take a little piece and 330: Trough? #1 Make a little trough? # Interviewer: #2 Take your knife # Take your knife and make a cut here and a cut here and you'd call that a little 330: Uh {NS} I just don't know. Interviewer: Okay you know they they say at least you know gun fighters a long time ago that if they kill a man 330: Oh n- yeah oh notch {NW} yeah notch on the there'd be a notch of every man he killed they had to make- he'd make a notch. Cut. Ain't that what you talking about? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Yeah I've heard mm-hmm. Got one more notch. On my gun. Interviewer: Okay. Um and a place where boats stop and um freight's unloaded 330: Dock. Interviewer: Okay. Any other name 330: Uh well let's see I guess a yard, shipping yard be a kind of where the where the boats pull in and out Wife: {X} 330: Matter what? Wife: It'd be {X} 330: Oh I never heard of that. Interviewer: Okay. Suppose you had a stream and it's flowing along and it suddenly dropped off where the water went on over, you'd call that a 330: Waterfall. Interviewer: Okay. And what kinds of roads are there around here? 330: Roads. Interviewer: Yeah. Like made out of okay like that kind that's made out of that that white hard paved road, you'd call that a 330: Concrete road. Interviewer: Okay. #1 Um # 330: #2 Pavement. # Interviewer: What other kinds? 330: Well they have asphalt roads and uh concrete roads and and uh Interviewer: Did you ever use the word blacktop? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: For asphalt? 330: Yeah blacktop. too that's what we called a called a {X} blacktop. That's what they call this one run up in front of the house here you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It's a blacktop road. And uh {NS} they have to build a little hole for the {X} one of these interstates wears out {X} you know places do on 'em they have to patch 'em up. Way back when I was young they had toll gates and all would grab {X} I told you I remember 'em building highway over here and this one over here too west side of us both thirty-one one thirty-one {X} one thirty-one east. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh they would just go out a pipe road, had little houses on the side, had a toll gate. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Would come down over that rock that man'd let it up and he'd charge you a dime to go over it in your buggy and a quarter for a wagon and team. And that's where they they serviced their pipe they'd hire help to haul the gravel and put on it. without the money they got out of this toll you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's where it we come up in my young life I've shoveled gravel many a day {D: haul that} {X} and it started right down here at my tobacco patch. And {X} down to that ninety-six Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Was Arno Pike we called and we'd work it we'd haul gravel all up and down these creeks Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And then spread 'em out on the road Interviewer: What's the word pike mean? I've heard that a lot, but 330: Well, this turnpike. It's paved it's a paved- paved thing {NS} it uh I imagine you've heard of that Interviewer: Yeah. 330: we build a they build a bridges over Tennessee River two different places I know of. I've ferried across. Before they build it. And uh they they that turnpike is they'll charge so much for a car Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: The man sits in a little house 'til they get that bridge paid for then they they quit, they don't charge you any money, it's free that's the way they build 'em, Tennessee does. Across the Tennessee River now I know two that are built across like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Just let it pay for itself #1 then # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: then it's free I never will forget one time we was going {NW} I love to be living, that's all brilliant thing to be living we were going down to the bayou Nineteen forty-one trying to get on that job down there bunch of uh men I had a whole bunch of men in my car and they had suitcases tied on and uh tool boxes and things we'd go going down trying to get on this {X} there's five or six of us in the car, can't remember exactly well either five or six men and we'd get all the way down at night and we come to this they're building this bridge across the Tennessee River and we had to ferry across. In the mean time, just before I got to there my hose one of the hose on my car it busted. And the car's about to burn up. So when this ferrying across my car was the last one they let get on, there's about I'd say ten or twelve of us on the ferry Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It carried across and them others just went right on, course {X} {X} and then I pulled {D: Wallace} it's a guy that drove this ferry told me to pour water he had a cup there he keep telling me talking about this pour water saying that would cool it off going down {X} about two and a half three miles to little town he said I can if I can get 'em up they'll probably be in their beds won't be nobody up but if I can wake somebody up there in that little town maybe they can get somebody to get up and get me a fan belt. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh I started out {X} up that bank you did you ever go across there? Interviewer: Uh-uh. 330: See that ferry knocked water all over the gravel bank there Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: gravel bank, but you climb up as you go up that ferry. So like about that steep, goes up that bank. Well my car tipped down, we had so much of a load on it and now to get parts, you- you've heard that you know you know that much I imagine car gets hot it won't run good and it wasn't running too good, and it choked down Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: and I didn't have the hand brakes on, just foot brake and that darn boat done backed off and long gone, in the dark now we're sitting in the dark left us out in the dark you see Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And I had to hold that {NS} brake with my left foot Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And them men jumped out over there like {X} me to death come every one of my men jumped out over and jumped off and run left us and I finally got my car started held brake with my left foot and got it started and finally got got it climbed up out of this and my heart was just beating, I could hear it just beating #1 was about that # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 330: making that kinda racket I was expecting that thing to go back up in the river {NS} choked down about slipped off back in there with me Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Never scared in my life I said no never go across another ferry if I live to be a million years old I ain't I wouldn't go across one no way shape or fashion Interviewer: What what did your friends do? They just 330: They went off {X} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Some friends you have! # 330: left me. Interviewer: {NW} 330: And I I rode by 'em when I got started you know? And they hollered hey hey hey wait a minute we want to ride with you, I said no I'm going on. Y'all will just have to walk. Course I stopped I let 'em walk about a quarter of a mile, I reckon #1 something # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 330: like that just mean I thought they sure did give me a dozen it wasn't cost 'em nothing to go with me, I didn't charge 'em nothing Interviewer: The least they could have done is try to push the car up. 330: Or stayed with me {X} or hollered they all hollered that scared me so bad I just couldn't I don't know where I {X} said anything to the man with the ferry or not. But he what he all he had on his mind was rushing back and getting another load of cars coming across with him you know. They ought to wait to be sure that man's everybody's going off Interviewer: #1 before # 330: #2 Yeah. # he takes away. Pulls out. And that thing acts like me is missing so I didn't think he'd ever get across with us. I think I tell you he carried way down below where we went we going off in it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: course they they knew how to turn you know hit the place there and come out and it cost you next time I went back another trip went across I went across that there bridge it cost uh I believe it's a dollar for for myself and the car and I believe it's fifty cents a piece for each passenger you have, I believe that's what it was. I made them pay for themselves we come back. I didn't go back across that ferry. But I never did get any job down there. My wife said you're gonna starve to death. We children {X} little fellows you know {X} and she said I spent all the money I can get my hands on {X} we didn't have I never did {X} {D: crop one patch of cows just like we did} {NS} Interviewer: What would you call a a little road that goes off the main road? 330: Well it's a it'd just pulled off a side road Interviewer: Okay. Um any other names like that like 330: For the road? Interviewer: Back road country road 330: Yeah it would call it a gravel road or something like that off the main road I guess you could call it the gravel road. Interviewer: Okay um what um this is something they use in making roads it's black I'm not thinking of asphalt it's black and it's sticky and it has a strong smell. 330: That would be pitch I guess. Interviewer: Okay any other name for that? 330: Kinda like a tar it's {X} something that's what sticks the gravel rock together, what you're talking about Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Mm-hmm I think it's took you just take all the all the flesh off your bones if you were to get some of it on there. It's the hottest stuff you ever saw in your life when they pour pour it you know Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And it's uh See uh that pitch and uh I guess asphalt it's kind of an asphalt Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And and pitch {X} {X} underneath concrete don't you know a lot of 'em we got a lot here state up here just pure concrete. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: They last long time but they don't rise as good as they say these asphalt roads do. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: The concrete's kinda rough they have to have a little {NS} you know little {X} place just blocks like of so often you know to {X} keep from busting all #1 to pieces {X} # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 330: fan and you can tell a car hitting 'em in little places makes a little {X} going over 'em course they they they last for a long time I guess a lot longer than these other ones {X} asphalt it dries so much better {NS} heap better. How'd you come over here? Did you come by Peytonsville or did you did you come out through Peytonsville over here? Interviewer: I couldn't find it on a map, either. Is it should it be on a map? 330: Peytonsville? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} uh away at uh Interviewer: I'm staying near this place that it has a sign that says Peytonsville road. 330: Road I've {X} Interviewer: So I guess I'm near there. 330: Uh-huh you could come right on out there that's good road out here, blacktop roads all the way all the way here Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Up 'til there. You just hit that pavement road come right on, you run over one of the two little stores over there come on down to this last one and then turn to your right and come on up here about three four hundred yards then you turn back to your left and you come head right in straight into Arno. That one goes straight through here from Arno back to way it goes to Harpeth the way it's four thirty-one. Lewisburg Pike. Interviewer: Hmm. 330: But you turn off over right over there go down a steep hill kind of right {X} and go down this little store I'm telling you about then you turn your left just stay right on that road and you'll come out over there at that truck stop. Right in front of it. You'll run right up in front of it. Interviewer: Hmm. 330: So yeah if you've never been there, that would be your have you been going down and coming out ninety-six? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: To here then turn off on Arno Road, have you? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: This would be close to to you course you know you you'd be you're close right there at that truck stop, aren't you? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And it's, what uh at least two and a half three mile ain't it back down to ninety-six? On the interstate, something like that? Interviewer: Something like that, yeah. 330: A little closer but you might better you might head off on the wrong road {X} now in the daytime if you come back in the morning I you come that way, I'd come that way. Course you can see you know and then if you head {X} but you wouldn't want to stop, you'd just stay on that pavement road 'til you get down to that little store. And just turn there come on up, then turn back to your left turn right {X} store there on the corner and you go up and turn back left and you run right up come up a little hill back to Arno Interviewer: Hmm. 330: And you say you didn't have no trouble finding the {X} at all? Interviewer: Finding what? 330: Smithson boy. Interviewer: No. 330: Was his home when you got there? Interviewer: Yeah. He was there. 330: And you remember the {X} Interviewer: Oh I didn't remember him I remembered it after he mentioned it. I remembered his horse's name. You know, after he said it. 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And um yeah he had a picture there I was really surprised that his horse'd take him four at night so is it a good class to 330: That boy that says his horse won it Interviewer: He he won it Thursday night. 330: Uh-huh. Interviewer: He said 330: Wallace won it. {X} Yeah I forget who he said was riding his horse. One one one {X} she a good looking girl? Interviewer: I didn't see it Thursday night. 330: I mean Saturday night. Interviewer: Mm I don't remember. 330: He told me the girl's name, but I I didn't know said she is had a must have been the trainer or he always give her whatever she want Interviewer: Yeah. 330: he's trying to get him up get where he can sell it for a big lot of money Interviewer: uh-huh 330: what he's trying to do. I told him it wouldn't take no {X} but he begged me into it I never got a dime of it in my life I've had it all my life sure never did get a dime out of it. Interviewer: Of what, insurance? 330: Yeah-huh. I told 'em I said I just ain't gonna take it. He said oh you are {X} write you the same one you had last year. I no I ain't gonna take it then said yeah I'll let you give it to these other people, They get- I don't ever get nothing. He said well this year you might could be lucky, you might get terrible killing out of it, I said well dadgummit let me have the thing and I'll sign it. Might be {X} years so much rain we might you know might be {X} to get that much collected. Interviewer: What kinda insurance is this? 330: It's tobacco insurance on my tobacco crop, a thousand dollars. Per acre. On I reckon I have about fifteen hundred dollars in the patch. That would be nothing you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: If we had to get tore to pieces destroy it. And we we we have hailstorms and winds it might it might hit us again too you know, it gets up big gets up large you never have seen any you said grow have you Interviewer: No. 330: It just up we top it up about the size of my head cut the top out of it. Interviewer: Tobacco gets that tall? 330: Yeah. And then it's {D: spray all out here then we get six fif- twelve fifteen feet high you didn't cut the top out of it. But you cut out a lot of it and Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Throw it away. Then these top leaves come over and make great big leaves and what you'll {X} you top 'em then we cut our stalks and {C: tape overlaid} spear 'em on a stick, but out there in your country in Georgia, Florida, and North Carolina and South Carolina they pull the leaves off. Pull 'em off the stalk {X} pull off one or two at three or something the bottom Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: and they take 'em in I reckon still {X} string around 'em a pole or a stick and hang 'em up in the little drying house. Dry 'em up and they they start to sell 'em about the middle of July. {X} Georgia and uh Florida. Then they get through with that those two countries they come over in South Carolina and east North Carolina to start. Come this a way 'til they get through with all that they got a eastern belt in North Carolina, middle belt and old belt. North Carolina really sells I suspect three or four time much as all the other Georgia and Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And Florida Interviewer: #1 oh yeah # 330: #2 together made in # South Carolina too. Interviewer: Winston-Salem and all those places 330: I hope I never been out there to Salem but that's where we going away he wants to wait and go he said if I would never go back no more. He wants to see lot his friends been going out there this Winston North Carolina way out on the coast, I don't know, I never been there. But he wants to go up there and stay two three three four days with some of his friends up there Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} And we gonna stay the boy that I one of my best friends I ever had his house for a few days, then we're going up on the coast. The boy has a trailer house {X} out of glass goes right down to the water spend night gonna stay several nights with him out there on the water {X} Interviewer: Sounds pretty nice. 330: So we'll {X} {X} nothing happen we gonna have a good time I really enjoy cuz I probably never will get to see him anymore. He ain't come here for thirty-some odd years we worked together, he and I. And they retired year before last he won't ever be back, {D: If I can just comes on} visit Interviewer: #1 and he won't # 330: #2 Yeah # ever do it. He getting old, he Last year {X} he's {X} which I'll be sixty-seven this year and he'll be sixty-six. When you get that old so many little things can happen to you just overnight Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And you just probably may not get to make it there at all nothing don't {X} I still plan on I don't care what it costs, I'm gonna go. I sure had a good time out there his wife just as good {X} my wife coulda been, never was I'd never seen her or talked to her on the phone a world of times you know and never seen any of his children you know he had two sons and a daughter. Course they all married and daughter worked, when I went out there she my baby wasn't either girl the same age as her and we had a wonderful time. She every time she went to cook a meal she always come ask me what'd I feel like I could eat for lunch or breakfast or dinner. Eat anything you cook I'll eat some of it. They eat different than we do. They eat they have grits nearly every meal Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: out there do you have it in Georgia, too? Y'all have a lot of grits? Interviewer: For breakfast sometimes. 330: Well they had it dinner {X} out there every every meal I ate a lot with 'em, they thought they had to have it and I could eat a little, too. Well I'm losing your time. You you better go ahead, I ain't gotta get talking now. Interviewer: {NW} Okay what would you call a little road that turns off from the public road down 330: Side road. Interviewer: A side road? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay what if it comes up to a man's house? 330: Private road. I'd say. Goes up to somebody's home. Interviewer: Okay. Um and something on the side of the street for people to walk on 330: Sidewalks. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever call that anything else? 330: Pavement? Interviewer: Pavers? Is that an old fashioned word, or 330: Yeah I'd think so. I it it would be on up on the pavement or sidewalk, either one, say one would what you might call it I've I've called 'em both. But most of the time call 'em sidewalks. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Where people walk. Interviewer: Okay, say you were walking along a road and a dog jumped out at you um what would you pick up and throw? 330: I'd pick a rock up and throw at it. Interviewer: Okay. Um so you say I picked up the 330: Stone? Interviewer: Yeah 330: Threw at him Interviewer: Okay Um suppose you went to someone's house and knocked on the door and no one answered, you'd say well I guess they're not 330: Not at home. Interviewer: Okay. And talking about putting milk in coffee you'd say some people like coffee 330: Cream? Interviewer: Yeah what milk if some people 330: Um in well uh we we we we uh skim it we would {X} the people does you know have just get pure cream the way my wife does is to put in the coffee have some for somebody but we hardly don't do much now or cream? It'd just it's like a just pure rich and it you you thinking of another name that you want we call it? Interviewer: Uh I was saying if you if you like your like milk in your coffee then you say you drink your milk how? 330: Oh I I drink I I drink my milk straight or coffee without without milk? Or something Interviewer: Or you drink your milk or you drink your coffee 330: Uh with uh cream Interviewer: Or talking about milk though, you'd drink your coffee 330: Yeah with with milk. Interviewer: Okay. Um and what if you don't put what about coffee without milk and sugar what do you call that? 330: I just pure coffee I guess you'd call it. Interviewer: Do you call it straight or 330: #1 Straight # Interviewer: #2 Black coffee # 330: Black, some of 'em called it black I'd call it straight. But I didn't most {X} got a sister won't don't drink no use no sugar, cream, or nothing but I have to have a little sugar. I can drink without cream, I hardly use cream, but I got to have a little sugar in mine. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But she works for the government for years and years 'til she retired they'd take her a little coffee breaks you know and my daughter worked down at {X} in Nashville just like little working ten years Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And she married she didn't even drink coffee before she started down there and she got {X} {X} {D: drank herself once every so often} Wife: Would you care for a Coke or a glass of tea? Interviewer: Oh no thank you. Wife: I thought maybe you might. {X} the fridge but I 330: She might eat some popcorn you ain't gonna pop me no corn Wife: Would you like to have some? Interviewer: If you have some. Wife: Okay. {D: will you} Interviewer: Okay if someone were walking in this direction you'd say he was coming straight 330: Walking how now? Interviewer: In your direction you'd say he's coming straight 330: Straight at at me or straight to me Interviewer: Or another word he was walking not away from me, he's walking 330: Toward me. Interviewer: Huh? 330: Walking towards me. Interviewer: Okay. 330: I'd say he's coming straight at me. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you saw someone that you hadn't seen in quite a while you just happen to see 'em, you'd say well today I I ran 330: In into one of my friends I haven't seen in a long time Interviewer: Okay and um so okay talking about kinds of animals {NW} a kind of animal that barks you call that a 330: I I reckon home Interviewer: Huh? 330: We- that bar- That barks away from home? Interviewer: What do you mean? 330: Fox. Fox barks. Interviewer: Okay. But 330: You know you've you've heard of you know foxes, don't you? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They bark come in bark you know you came barking out at night is that what you Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Were speaking about? Interviewer: Okay. What say if you were going hunting you'd take along a good hunting 330: Gun Interviewer: Or a 330: Uh Interviewer: The animal you'd take 330: Uh well I I would take a something to get 'em with? Uh uh uh Interviewer: Well what animals you got out there? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Blackie and the 330: What what if I was going hunting? Interviewer: Yeah what kind of animal do you have out there? 330: Well he's half bird dog half shepherd the black one Interviewer: Okay. 330: And he he he'll point rabbits birds, chickens, anything Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Squirrels And he'll run, he go {X} he's scared of a gun and lightning and thunder and he can't keep him when you shoot he'll run off {X} make him come back to me Interviewer: Have you ever um Mister um Smithson had this dog that it's eyes were sort of whitish or 330: Whitish looking. Interviewer: Do you have a name for that? 330: Glass eyes. Interviewer: Glass? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 What makes a dog like that? # 330: #2 That's what I'd call it. # I don't know. I guess I guess you I think you just naturally born that way, I don't think anything has happened to her. I don't believe I've seen it too. Interviewer: No different from any other 330: I don't know enough it may be now we we used I tell you what we used to call the horses we drove at night you know uh sometimes you get one of the moon eyed Interviewer: Moon eyed. 330: Uh-huh and couldn't see how to go at night. Other words a real horse natured horse Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Had good eyes right {X} you can just {X} wrap 'em around {X} {X} Interviewer: Around your what? 330: Spatter board, that's where out in front they had a little board about that high put in front of your feet you put your feet Interviewer: Yeah 330: out there in the I call 'em the spatter board. Interviewer: Uh-huh 330: And I'd wrap 'em around down there and that horse would carry me anywhere in the world. Bring me back. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And I wouldn't have to guide him. At all. But now you get a one I got one one time a fellow got his horse want me to drive his horse we going he's going with me we going to see two girls and he wanted to drive his horse. He come to my home and he says this this he rode his horse, he didn't have a buggy Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: he says let's let's drive my horse in your buggy tonight. Well I didn't know about the darn horse, and and I said well alright. Don't make no difference to me if it's safe oh he's safe yeah drove off well him and another fellow walked the girls house close to the church and I carried a girl home a good long ways, I went on got the girl and took her on a good piece and I find out after that he was the one and he couldn't see nothing, he'd just run off falling down a gully and {X} everywhere and he couldn't do nothing. I couldn't put him lines on the spatter board that night or wrap around my whip Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And he that horse run couldn't see {X} uh blind real blind at night, couldn't see nothing. And they called 'em moon-eyed. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's what they called 'em. I never had driven one before, didn't know what the thing was but that's what they called 'em moon-eyed. My neighbor was gonna scare me that night. And this other fellow {X} he had the fellow this this girl lived in another direction. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And they took the girls home they took off and run and got to I had to go through the woods {X} actual home Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Great big woods I went through Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And uh {NS} way back in that woods here you know when I come through there gonna grab my horse Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: {D: holler for it} {X} I didn't come {D: the other way} {X} brothers she wanted to go to her brother's that night that Sunday night so I carried her with us due east they they went west started way back west {X} two or three oh clock we {X} I never did come he come in that night, I just took it old horse out my buggy and hitched him {X} barn Interviewer: Yeah. 330: He'd come in that room {X} about three oh clock got on his horse rode it home. Said never {X} I just down there on {X} I knew it, I heard them talking, I said I didn't hear nothing but she just wanted to go to her brother's {X} back home to her mother. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But we went up there. Later good little while, you know, I think I ten thirty maybe eleven come in Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Okay if you wanted your dog to attack another dog what would you tell him? 330: I sic 'em on him. Interviewer: Okay. Um and now I'm interested in what kinda names you have for types of dogs. Not breeds of dogs just um okay like what would you call a a dog that you don't know what kind he is? {C: tape overlaid} 330: {X} well it'd just call it you you mean the just uh stray dog come up and Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And a I'd say well he's a shepherd or he's a cur dog or he's a hound or he's a bird dog, or he's a {NS} a feist or Interviewer: What's a feist? 330: Just a little bitty small dog Interviewer: Yeah. What's a cur dog? 330: That's uh that's uh what you call like that black in his mind, sick head short and the old dog out there is a shepherd. You see his hair used to be that long course a lot of it came out. Some ladies run over him last year and crooked him up. Never has got over it. And the bird dog this dog mammy my son got a bird dog got this dog mammy and then he's got another new boy lives Nashville he keeps one they hunt birds Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: You've heard of bird hunting, haven't you? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: You may have been bird hunting with someone Interviewer: #1 No # 330: #2 maybe # they killed quite a few birds, we have a big bird supper every spring they killed quite a few {X} it's just a lot of {X} to it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They they're like him out there now he was going with me he just did it we went back up there on the {X} king {X} morning I walk in the field checking fences getting {X} cut this piece of hay some of 'em had bloomed down there I was getting 'em cutting 'em toting 'em out and he {NS} oh and he was kinda like {X} just as quiet as {X} on it but I knew I I was pretty sure the rabbit Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: I said get it he jumped in and this rabbit come out he can't run he's so big you know know how big he gets he can't run forever but he run a little piece and then he'll give him up but he would try his best. He'd catch a groundhog took it bring him in the yard and eat some Interviewer: That's why you got that chain around him? So he can't run? 330: Makes noise now you don't get as many. I why I put that chain on him {X} sister when they moved down there {X} {X} Franklin she give Aunt {X} game chickens that her brother had give her I didn't want to bring 'em up here, I tell you he just didn't like the looks of 'em, he he knew they didn't belong here. Interviewer: Yeah 330: And I believe gonna kill every one of 'em he just he just walked behind it and they'd cackle and carrying on and he'd then he jump try to catch 'em {NS} I whipped him then took him and hitched {X} two three days Interviewer: You {X} 330: Hitched him I put that add a little chain on him that a a ring and got one link on it and {X} and well I might as well have killed him he just dropped his head just give up you know he just wanna sleep {X} oh he thought he's killed I went out there one late one afternoon I said now son I'm gonna turn you loose {D: keep cool} now but I don't want you to bother them chickens now he went back straight back laid down where he'd been laying outside his little house he went get up and come in anymore laid down and I come on in the house he was laying there last I seen when he got up that night and left outside but he never has brought 'em I I you seen a he finally laid down out there I make I can make him lay down he hates to do it but he'll #1 finally # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 330: lay down. They're smart. Bird dogs smartest dog on earth. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Training you can really train 'em. I've had some that {X} shepherds are good ones too I used to have a shepherd rode with me everywhere I went. In my buggy then I after I bought a car he'd drive with me then somebody called him out and shot him one night. Interviewer: For real? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 What for? # 330: #2 Killed him. # Killed him. I just don't know. I wasn't there. I had gone off to my sister's to spend the night my daddy and them said they heard the gun fire, heard him heard him {X} they find him laying up in the road the next morning. Interviewer: Mm. 330: They just some mean young boys didn't like him you know, wanted to wanted get shut up I wouldn't I'm I had a man ask me he go get the cows every afternoon by himself wouldn't even have to tell him go get 'em, bring 'em up keep 'em down there before you got through milking used to stand by first time milking in the fence corner Interviewer: Yeah. 330: He'd keep them cows there 'til we got 'em in, then he'd come on on up lay down over there {X} he wouldn't let 'em they'd graze off you know grazing he'd get around and make 'em drive 'em back. And then he'd lay down out there wait 'til we got through, then he {X} I had the fellow tell me just begged me to price him what would it take for him I said well I wouldn't take a million dollar for him. I wouldn't have, either. {X} over there myself, I'd go everywhere. I think a lot of Interviewer: Um if you had a real mean dog, you might tell someone, you better be careful, that dog'll 330: Will bite you. Interviewer: Okay. And you say yesterday that dog what the mailman 330: Bit the mailman. Interviewer: Okay. And you say the mailman had to go to the doctor after he got 330: Bit. Interviewer: Okay do you ever say dog bit after he got dog bit? 330: Mm-hmm. Wife: Would y'all like tea or Coke to go with your popcorn? Interviewer: I guess I would like a tea or Coke doesn't matter. Wife: Either one, I have a 330: Get her some Coke. You'd rather have a Coke, wouldn't you? Wife: {D: huh} {NW} 330: Uh Wife: Johnny, you gonna drink Coke or tea? 330: Yeah I'll drink a little Coke. Wife: Now you oughta have tea. 330: Well bring me tea. {X} drink {X} every day now I didn't for two years, but I don't {X} I'm gonna die, I know I might have a spell and die from pneumonia {D: I feel} bad luck Interviewer: Mm. 330: But I hate not eating nothing I enjoy Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Talking about cows what do you call the male? 330: Bull. Interviewer: Okay. Any other names? Was that word nice to use when you were growing up? 330: Well that's what my folks always called 'em but the bull male cow my mother but I don't mind that word called bull in my life when she always said ma- male I guess. That's what you mean isn't it? Male cow. Interviewer: Did you ever remember work some work animals other than mules and horses? Something that looks sort of like 330: Oxen? Interviewer: Oxen? 330: Mm-hmm. Yeah I've seen one. Drag logs with 'em Interviewer: How would you um see those working together? 330: They they'd work 'em I have a wood stuff across everything in front chest like a we have a collar on the mules the horse and uh have tracks in that thing that pull that mind 'em you know Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: they said just I never did own one, never did but they they used to make logs with 'em. Strong they said. Interviewer: What would you call them? If you have two working together? 330: Well a team of oxen I guess. I guess you'd call it a team that's what we called a team pair of mules you know, a team. Hitch you on a team of oxen. Interviewer: Okay. 330: That's just a big steer you know Interviewer: Yeah. 330: What they were, the oxen, is a big steer. Interviewer: Okay um something a little cow when it's first born it's called a 330: Baby calf. Interviewer: Okay. What if it was a female? 330: Huh? Interviewer: What if it's a female? 330: Little heifer. Interviewer: Okay and male? 330: A little bull. Interviewer: Okay. And if you had a cow that was gonna have a calf you'd say that your cow was going to 330: Calve. Interviewer: Okay. Any other expression? 330: Come fresh. Interviewer: Okay. And the animals that you'd ride you'd call those {C: tape overlaid} 330: {X} Animals I've ridden? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Horses. Or mules. Ponies. Something. Interviewer: What do you call the female horse? 330: Mare. Interviewer: What about the male? 330: Stud. Interviewer: Any other word? 330: Stallion. Interviewer: What did your mother say for that? 330: Well I guess she'd call 'em stallions. Probably. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you couldn't stay on, you'd say I fell 330: I got throwed off. Throwed. Interviewer: Okay so off 330: Off. I've got throwed off. One time one throwed me off {X} young mule and throwed me off and that singletree trace came wrapped around one of my feet Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And he drug me around and around for about fifteen to minutes maybe twenty. Just around and around and around. And I didn't ever lose my head, always my {X} he'd have drug me to death drug my brains out if he run you know, but I just kept on steady him what to do and how to do it I just hope that was the last time finally I said well I'm gonna give a quick jump {X} holler and he'll jump and maybe that trace'll come off of my hand always want to see the hand stick up about that high for up over the top hang string Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Over the collar. Interviewer: mm-hmm 330: And I just stick that ring there they uh traces over each handle you know and that's what my foot leg wrapped around in quick when he throwed me and and there's dragging me around and around and around. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And he was young mule, just three years old, too, just break me. To ride good. And I gave that quick jerk, he jumped and that ring jumped off of that hang unraveled then he just stop stood there and looked at me. I walked led him good piece and I said well son you gonna have to tote me, I just ain't gonna walk. {X} {X} lead you in I got on he bucked for several hundred yards trying to get me off, but I stayed I just tucked those reins in and chains and and just laid 'em over there and and {X} anything like that but have 'em I got leg got wrapped around something and just fell off wouldn't have hurt him. Pushed 'em up on his neck further and I kept him two more years working. I rode him every day back and forth to work. Field he never did try to throw me no more. But he bucked every day when he throwed me he bucked for a ha- I reckon half a mile just as fast as he could buck. Jump in the air and bellow you know and run Interviewer: Okay but if a little child say went to sleep in bed woke up found himself on the floor in the morning he'd say well I guess I must have 330: Fell off. Fell out of the bed. Interviewer: Okay. And the things that you put on the horse's feet 330: Horse shoes? Interviewer: Okay. What about the game that you play with horseshoes? What do you call that? 330: Pitch pitch horseshoes? Interviewer: Okay. And the parts of the horse's feet that you put the shoes onto 330: Hoof? Interviewer: The what? 330: Hoof? Interviewer: Okay. 330: Horse's hoof. Drive the nails in his hoof you know Interviewer: Yeah. How many of these does a horse have? 330: How many hoof? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Four. Interviewer: You put shoes on all 330: All four of 'em. Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: Four nail on each side the shoe. Put you put eight nails on the shoe. On a horse. That'd be thirty-two nails Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: To shoe 'em. Interviewer: What about um the male sheep 330: {X} For a sheep? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Call him a ram. Buck. Interviewer: Which word is nicer? 330: I I guess a w- would would be nicer to call him a ram Interviewer: Do you remember what your mother would say? 330: No, I don't remember. We never did have any sheep. At all. {NS} I don't reckon there'd be too much difference between a ram and a buck Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And goats. I have some goats did you ever see any goats? Interviewer: Not up close. 330: Got some little kids Interviewer: Do you have some now? 330: I got twelve little ones Interviewer: What do you keep 'em for? 330: Eat 'em. Interviewer: To eat 'em? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You eat goat? 330: Best meat you ever eat. Interviewer: You ever milk goats? 330: Never had any milk goats. I've seen a lot of 'em lots of 'em {NS} you take care of {X} {X} {D: bushes} {D: skin trees} {X} goats I have Interviewer: They're what? 330: bush goats Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Kill the little bushes and skin 'em to eat 'em {NS} briar can't find a briar {D: over there in that lot to this day} to kill every briar in the patch I came to put new fence out and had a lot of little bushes left where the dozers didn't get 'em out good I just left 'em I thought that'd be the best thing, let them kill 'em I bought me four goats to put in there {NS} and for the next two years they done have {X} four oh clock just skinned every one of 'em all the briars in there not a blackberry vine in there lots now nannies call it the ma'am is nannies the uh the other male is billies Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the female sheep? 330: Call her um uh ewe Interviewer: Okay 330: {X} I have been {X} called a ewe I had {X} used to everybody {X} lived in the country would have a big bunch of sheep got to make the most of living out of sheep but the ewes {X} there ain't hardly any sheep in this country you hardly ever see one now. Cuz they're not worth anything hardly used to bring forty fifty dollars a piece. Sheep would. Now {D: all they bring is} Interviewer: What would they raise? Interviewer: Let's see, we were talking about animals last night. 330: I believe it was {X} I think it was. Interviewer: Huh? Yeah. 330: {D: just animals} Interviewer: Um what do people raise sheep for? 330: {C: tape overlaid} I reckon for the wool, I think we have I have I believe you have to have the {D: latest} {D: last question} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Wool and uh and uh meat mutton {X} they kill 'em and eat eat 'em and wool to make clothes out of and all kinds. Interviewer: Okay um and tell me about um hogs 330: About hogs? Interviewer: Uh-huh what you know you have different names for 'em different sizes and 330: {C: tape overlaid} #1 Yeah uh # 330: #2 {X} # see well our top hog is hundred ninety two twenty I think a really premium hog then a heavy hog is when they get larger than that. {C: tape} Then we have a uh old sow and a old {D: stag} {X} bull been castrated stuff they sell all the Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And and then kind of hogs? Interviewer: Well just when they're first born you don't call 'em 330: Pigs pigs pigs little piglets Interviewer: Then what 330: Then then shoats Interviewer: Okay. 330: And then um I'd say after that um would be a choice top prime hog. After you call 'em shoats. And the next it would be a heavy hog. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: From two twenty to two sixty, or two eighty be heavy hog. And then you have a heavy heavy hog. Would be a still larger hog. And then they go back to {X} sow {X} usually about three hundred I reckon, you oughta see one get 'em over three hundred Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {C: tape overlaid} to go to sell 'em you know. Most of 'em try to sell 'em, they get that they get a little premium price for if they sell 'em at uh hundred ninety to two t- twenty Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: About two ten or something like that. I don't know two ten or two twenty but a little over two hundred. Interviewer: A sow's already had pigs, right? 330: Huh? Interviewer: A sow has already had pigs, right? 330: Already had pigs? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: Oh} you mean when you sell 'em? Interviewer: Well the word sow. 330: Oh. Yeah, breed sows. And uh {D: they mean when you when you} Interviewer: What does 330: What you call 'em? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Uh {C: tape overlaid} I well I always called 'em just sows. Interviewer: Uh-huh what if they've never had pigs? Do you call it a sow then? 330: Uh-huh, call it {X} well I don't know, I just call 'em a {D: guilt} if they never had pigs Interviewer: Okay. 330: That's when I figure when they'd be a sow is when they've had pigs. Interviewer: What about male hogs, what are they called? 330: They're called a bull hog. And and they they when they castrate a male {X} it's a stag. Lots of 'em keep 'em and castrate 'em then kill 'em, fatten 'em and kill 'em eat 'em and nowadays they can sell 'em. Take 'em to market, they'll buy 'em. Used to when I was younger wouldn't buy 'em at all. Couldn't sell one. Interviewer: Is a stag a boy that's been castrated after he's full grown? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What if you castrate it when he was a pig? 330: Well you can sell him at the {D: big high price} Interviewer: Is it called a stag then? 330: Well if he's {X} but usually if you uh you say a {D: smaller} you just he just {X} heavy hog, I'd {X} a heavy hog. If he does they grow out a lot a long {X} thing you get a little age on 'em. and I've seen people take horseshoe snippers and pinch 'em out. And Interviewer: Take what? 330: Horseshoe what you pinch off horseshoes hoof with you know {X} they cut 'em off with that. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Put the horseshoe on there and then have a {X} you {X} it that foot and then put the shoe and then nail it on. You ever seen anybody shoe a horse? Well they get that foot just as clean and nice and smooth they can then they they put that hot shoe on there and then {X} a little and they'll trim it a little bit. And then they'll they'll take these nail drive 'em on and take this wrap and cut a little trench down under there with that take a hammer to it and mash those nails clinch 'em. In down in that little trench. Course they sometimes they'll stay on a long time and a lot of times they step on 'em front one or the back one and pull it off. Maybe some they can. Mules are usually kept 'em a lot longer than horses I always figure. And they got a big horse much money now {NS} {X} used to dollar and fifty sixty cents oughta cost us to have a mule shod now it's a I think they charge about ten or twelve dollars to {C: tape overlaid} {D: any type of horse} they don't have many people can do it now you know just a scattered few. That's a good business I'd say, for a young man if you want to pick it up. Course these horse men don't mind got the mules they got the money and they want done a good job you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They carry this stuff and go around to these horse shows these boys do they say they make all kinds of money course I I just {X} I've never talked to one of those boys that shoes. {NS} {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Um do you ever use the word bar or bar- 330: Borrow? {C: pronunciation, means "barrow"} Mm-hmm. Yeah that's what I have. See I bought a little one and castrate 'em and and and the {D: bar} make my meat you see. Interviewer: I see. Um you mentioned the word castrated is there any other expression that people might use 330: Well they call it lot of 'em call it cutting 'em Interviewer: Okay. 330: Course I always called it castrating. Interviewer: Um what do you call the stiff hairs that a hog has on its back? 330: On his back bristles? Interviewer: {D: Okay.} And do you have any names for a hog that's {X} 330: Have a name Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Wild hog. Interviewer: What? 330: Wild hog. Interviewer: Okay. 330: They really wild, too, I saw a few of 'em. {NW} Interviewer: really? 330: I would yeah just say they never get {X} {X} bacon and things they'll fight you if you crowd 'em yeah I've seen 'em. Out that a way. They just go through the woods, and we don't have fences and they just go one place to another. Just like uh squirrels would do going from one acorn tree to another or tree you know they get to the {X} hogs would branch on out go further. And you got to shoot 'em if you get 'em kill 'em with a rifle. I guess they'd be alright to eat, I don't know I don't know how I never did eat any of it. I don't suspect the grease would ever get right I imagine it'd be oily, slick never could get hard I don't suspect. Interviewer: Why's that? 330: Lard we Interviewer: Why wouldn't the grease get right? 330: It's well they if they fed acorns or same thing it won't. Never get hard. Grease won't. You got a corn fed hog it's the best hog meat in the world. Interviewer: Oh really? 330: Yeah. Any kind of other you can feed barley, crushed barley oats some, they'll eat it, and it won't hurt 'em but they won't be as good a meat as it would if you fed 'em corn. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's the best Interviewer: what about people who take um just get like garbage cans full of junk and just slop 'em with that? 330: Well that's fine uh feeding your old sows and pigs but you wouldn't want to feed that to your killing hogs. {C: tape overlaid} All kinds of junk like that. I feed mine pumpkins and corn when they get always try to have some pumpkins. Planted some this week. And they really enjoy fried pumpkins. They're crazy about 'em, and I I try to keep {X} all the time give 'em corn. Have good grease, too, we say grease we don't ever I give a darky {X} {D: two stands every day} and we never do use it all up been killing great big ones you make two stands {X} Interviewer: Hmm. 330: {D: look out you know} and those ham they getting 'em up mighty high now sure enough since the hogs going up so high. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: they've been selling for a dollar quarter for years and years I put some {X} sold some this time for dollar and a half I don't know what they'll be down at Christmas time, that's when you usually most of 'em sells, you know. People go riding the country trying to find 'em {X} for Christmas sometimes they'll some people you'll see won't want Thanksgiving, but it's the usual thing is Christmas. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Ham oh ham. You you've eaten old ham, haven't you? Interviewer: Country ham? Yeah. I like it better 330: It's fine. It's good fried or good boiled, either one. Interviewer: How do you um tell me about how you you slaughter a hog. 330: Slaughter? Interviewer: Yeah. And what do you call the {C: tape overlaid} like when you you cut the side of a hog what do you call that? 330: Take the sides out of Interviewer: Yeah. Well {C: tape overlaid} just tell me how how you go about the slaughtering. 330: Well the first thing you usually do is shoot him. And {X} brain then you have some end turns him up and stick take the butcher knife stick it down bleeding good. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: cut a little place down through here {X} go to his heart and bleed then after bleed good then you take him and put him in a scalding box warm water Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {C: tape overlaid} t- shake him up turn him so much just like so many minutes or seconds or {X} {X} way high kinda heat you got on your water if it's real hot you can't let 'em sit a little while {X} Interviewer: How do you get 'em down? {C: tape overlaid} Tell me about a big two three hundred pound hog 330: Put 'em in? Interviewer: Yeah how 330: Well uh we well we we killed {X} spring {X} for years but the last two years {X} can put 'em in truck and can 'em different places where they got a place it's a way to pick 'em up and put 'em in the trough a way to pick 'em up hang 'em up on the thing just carry 'em right on out dress 'em take the entrails out of 'em got to and then cut you you lay 'em in the truck bring 'em home cut 'em out I usually lay mine on the house smoke house or something or other {X} {C: tape overlaid} the next morning we take it down and trim it {C: tape overlaid} put the lard in one tub or something and the the the lean meat {D: and sausage} in another container. Then get a {X} you cut that lard up women always Annie's sister usually help us have somebody help us or maybe a boy or two working with us or something and cut that lard up in little pieces about that kinda big just about that square you put in this kettle cook put a big fire under it like we were talking about building one in here and it takes about a I reckon hour hour and a half to cook a whole kettle of it. Strain it in lard stands then. Set 'em away. Interviewer: Why are you cooking it to get the 330: The the the grease comes out of the meat. Don't have nothing but crackling just dried meat. Cooks out, you see. That's the grease what make gravy with. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: What do you call that kind of gravy? 330: Well you can uh uh just pure bread but uh crackling bread you can make crackling bread you've probably ever eaten crackling bread have you? Interviewer: I've heard of it. I don't 330: Well you a lot you a lot of places serve it in this country. You go out here to {X} died had a heart thing died out here on the just off the interstate about in near Columbia and he searched he'll he searched serve you old ham or anything you want and he'll serve you crackling bread with it. Corn bread like with cracklings all in it. {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} {X} I don't care go for it now a lot of people are crazy about it, lot of people go out there while they're cooking it will eat 'em and pick 'em pick 'em up and eat 'em and all but I never did care anything about 'em. Annie feeds hers to the chickens. Oh they're crazy about it, you know. They'll eat eat on up weeks if you throw out so many a day Interviewer: What do you call um the kind of meat from a hog that you boil with greens? 330: Uh uh hogjaw. Interviewer: Okay what about something that's got a lot of fat in it? Mostly fat. 330: Well that uh that that wouldn't be much wouldn't be very good, uh that I don't know what you'd call it, kind of meat you're talking about, this it uh {C: tape overlaid} {X} a hog wouldn't be fat wouldn't have a lot quite a bit of muscle in him, he wouldn't be too good, but if you did fat you don't have much muscle and they're just not good meat. Well the ones I've always had. Very little we have is worth it course he was a poor hog he wouldn't have a lot a lot of muscle there wouldn't be hardly anything to eat. Interviewer: Yeah. What um what are names for the different kinds of hog meat though? 330: Oh chops and tenderloin back strip Interviewer: Back strip? 330: Mm-hmm. Comes right off the back. Great long piece of lean meat about that long Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Just pure lean. You tear it off the back. And this tenderloin comes out of {X} small {X} take it out right here one on each side that's the best part best meat on earth, I think. The highest priced meat I guess is and then uh course bacon there's your sides you know, you hang 'em up call it bacon you gotta certain amount of that {X} has sugar cube it like bacon we go through go and buy he makes himself I never had mine, we just buy bacon but I uh we Annie usually borrows usually crush all ours up boiling you know with the vegetables. {X} put in they're really better without it get too many Interviewer: You call that a side? 330: Side meat. Mm-hmm. Side meat. {X} Interviewer: What about middling? 330: That's the middling. Interviewer: Would you talk about a a middling of bacon? #1 Or would you say side of bacon? # 330: #2 {X} # Well it's got a little part of it that's got streaks to it that's where this bacon comes from Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And like I said a lot of people do, I couldn't cube but you take you can take these meat packing houses and they'll sugar cube it for you. It's the same thing we go to the store and buy that the packing houses fixed 'em cities you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And they lot of 'em {X} here in Columbia packing houses that fix it but I I don't ever can mine {X} was raised to eat it when I like it alright now I like it fine I can't eat much meat {D: normally I'd} eat any but I like it boiled like it fried, either one. Interviewer: Yeah. {C: tape overlaid} 330: Boiled ham any side too I like it all cook it with greens or beans or peas or something just the best thing in the world I think boiled meat. I like it. Interviewer: What do you call fat salt pork? 330: Fat salt? Interviewer: Fat salt pork. 330: Salt pork. Uh I don't I don't know. I've never called it any Interviewer: You ever heard of of white meat or fat back or sowbelly or anything like that? 330: Yeah I've heard of calling it sowbelly that's side meat called sowbelly. Interviewer: Is it does it have much lean in it or 330: Just old pure fat. Sowbelly. And then in the white meat I guess would be something like not any lean in it a chunk. Now they come out they used to buy see I've seen people buy and they call it chunk meat but that's just where they where they cut it off the hog I wouldn't know Interviewer: This was fat? 330: Yeah just pure white {X} fat meat just little chu- I've seen poor people buy it at stores and it wouldn't be wouldn't cost anything hardly at all you know get it for little or nothing now I hadn't heard any that's when I was young. I hadn't heard of any called chunk meat for years and years now what they {X} I guess just they probably done away with it, I don't know. But I've heard of it. Chunk meat and seen people buy it. White white, just white as snow. It's I guess you could eat it that's what they did do with it course you could boil your vegetables with it too. I guess. Interviewer: What do you call the edge of bacon that you cut off? 330: Call which now the edge? Interviewer: The outside of the bacon, you know the part you 330: Skin? Interviewer: Skin? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Um and um the kinda meat that say you take the trimmings and slice it up and grind it and make 330: {D: sausage} Interviewer: Okay. And what do you call the person who sells meat? 330: Uh uh uh the uh I guess you call him the producers course packing houses they we have several here in Nashville and they buy so many {C: rooster crows} {X} they pack it kill it and dress it pack it and bring it out to these country stores and they well stores everywhere in cities and things by a farm Interviewer: Who who works in the store that you buy it from? {C: rooster crows} That cuts the meat and so forth. 330: Well uh you take a these big big uh big grocery stores and things like you know here in town they have a special meat man you know cut don't do nothing but cut meat. Interviewer: Yeah. What's he called? 330: They call him the uh {NS} uh {D: oh foot} Interviewer: What about bu- 330: Huh? Interviewer: Bu- 330: No Interviewer: Butcher? 330: I guess I guess you might call him the meat butcher I don't know. It seems like I've heard 'em call him {NS} I know a boy here down in Kroger's a big chain down here in Franklin boy lives right there in the store. Farmer stores {X} there Interviewer: He's the what? 330: He's the butcher that trims all this meat, different kinds you know glazes it, fixes it {C: rooster crows} stuff, I don't know what you called him. I really called him the butcher Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: probably} What would you think about it? You think that the Interviewer: That's 330: That'd be what they'd call him? Interviewer: That's what I was thinking of. 330: Well he he don't do anything else but that's his job, tend to the meat {X} {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: If meat's been kept too long and it doesn't taste right anymore it's no good, you'd say that the meat's 330: Soured, I'd say spoiled Interviewer: Okay. Um after you butcher a hog, what do you do with the meat from its head? 330: Sawed it down Interviewer: {D: what do you make?} 330: Sides and hams and shoulders Interviewer: Yeah. What about the head though? {C: rooster crows} 330: {D: I'd give it away} colored people {X} make sauce I guess, eat 'em too, I don't know, I give 'em the feet and head both I I have eat some hog head years ago when I was young, but I quit course can't eat much now and I ain't gonna {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Now you know. I give 'em to this colored boy that uh works with us lots most people take 'em and sell 'em. You can sell 'em for about fifty seventy-five a dollar a piece. It most anybody would do that, I just give 'em to him. He had to raise a terrible big family Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Tight you know around yeah I been I give 'em a little lard. I told him I'd give him some more need 'em he'll say but he oh I'll have to ask him again {X} something or other. He won't ever say much about it. He's good at slow, he's good good good help good boy, too. Interviewer: What do you make um you know any dish made of like anything made by cooking and grinding up a hog liver? 330: Grinding hog liver. Never seen anybody grinding that. We we e- eat 'em. Fry 'em, batter 'em and fry 'em and eat 'em boil 'em, they good boiled or fried I like 'em better fried. That's what we do with ours and I always give some to my {D: wife's people} anybody come in give 'em this liver. I really like hog liver {X} I I'm not too hot on beef liver but I really like that hog liver. We just fry 'em. Interviewer: You ever heard of anybody making anything out of the blood? 330: The packing houses do. {C: tape overlaid} kills 'em and they {D: slaughter 'em in a whole big bunch} they make they use everything but the they what they tail you know course I don't know about that. I've never watched 'em do it in the but they said all they lose is the squeals. But they use everything. Hair, bones, and everything. Grind it up and tank it you see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: The blood and I guess blood goes in the tank too and hair bones and skins and stuff like that. Interviewer: But you've never heard of any people around here slaughtering a hog and using the blood. 330: Uh-uh. {X} I'm sure they I'm sure they do something with it, but I mean farmers don't. People out in the country don't. {D: nothing} Paying attention blood won't try to keep it off the meat, get it off the meat, you know can, I keep my meat as lean as possible. Interviewer: You ever heard of scrapple or gripple or anything like that? 330: {X} Never have heard Interviewer: Okay suppose you had kept butter too long, and it didn't taste right 330: It'd canker, wouldn't it? We called it. Canker Interviewer: Canker? 330: That's what I'd call it. Interviewer: Would you use a word like rancid or {D: folly} or 330: Might be if it got old, I'd say that it cankered, but that's what I've always heard it said. At home. I know it's not {X} get too old you know Interviewer: What do you call real thick sour milk it's not buttermilk, cuz that's been churned 330: {D: slab slabber} Interviewer: Okay is there there's a kinda cheese that you make from clabber or some people make 330: Uh uh {D: hook} cheese old mm-hmm that there's the best cheese in the world, I think. Interviewer: How do you make that? 330: I don't know how you make 'em but I buy a hoop every {X} about a hoop every Christmas. {C: tape overlaid} They old make real big rim of 'em, you can get 'em they make my cheese I mean cream Interviewer: Mm-hmm 330: I don't know how they what it what how long you they make 'em they won't you can't buy 'em {X} for quite a long while, you know. They age 'em. Eight month nine months ten months twelve months older they are, usually the better they are, at least I think they are. Fresh ones are not that good. I bought two box small ones last year for Christmas we I like that old hook cheese and boiled ham, I think there ain't nothing in the world better myself. That's my main Christmas Interviewer: Yeah. What's the um 330: {X} now they really get it to way up in the money like buying ham you buy the cheese now Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: it's high} any of any of it's high, but I mean that old hook cheese sure enough high. I mean it costs a dollar and thirty forty cents maybe fifty now a pound. If you got some. I've got one I give I got mine wholesale, course where I sell my milk, that's what they make this hook cheese hook cheese. And they they just store 'em, have a storage house and they make 'em all year, then sell 'em when he wants 'em, and you know, but anytime but {X} dealing, selling, is selling in the whole year wintertime people buy 'em all year she {X} they they make you know like any kind of cheese too, they don't make all hook cheese, but there's others what you make. Why my wife cooks with these other kinds, all kinds you know buys 'em to cook with, you know. Use 'em and making macaroni and spaghetti, one thing or another Interviewer: What's the first thing you do after milking? You have to 330: After I milk my milk? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Set it in the cooler. Interviewer: But before that, when you get all the hairs and things out 330: Well you strain it. Through a strainer {X} just like {D: slough and cut} like fur like put on there in a in a little uh dish thing and got you have a thing clamp that pushes pushes down on tight hold it then you pull this milk up in there and strain through that that uh dish. And then you put it in the cooler. And it milk {X} before it comes out picks 'em out of the can take it out of the cooler. Course a lot grade A people sell what the milk that you drink and sell to you they they usually set it in tanks. They just last few years you know I still say it gets clean I in cans may be cleaner would be in those big tanks but they want 'em to Interviewer: What do you sell your milk for? Is it 330: Mine? Interviewer: Yeah how do they how do they grade milk? 330: Per pound. and test They test it you know rich it is the more they test it and these Holsteins don't test much lot of 'em Holsteins about two two seventy two eighty is about as high as they ever get, I think. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And my cows run around four to four five. In the summertime used to run they don't I don't get good {X} the cheap ones I {X} used to run around wintertime about five five five sixty seven {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: #1 I never have got that good up in that cream # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 huh? # Interviewer: #2 # What's the highest? 330: Well you could get if you got it just practically pure butter {X} cream it would I've heard 'em talk about getting up near as seven we used to we first started selling fifty some odd years ago they'd run seven, they tested seven. Then they claim we had to get some white faced cows and milk 'em to put it together, then they couldn't handle it, it's too rich. But you don't hear nothing now, you know you don't get that kinda test now. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You actually got your {X} I just I think they kinda think they gyp us on it now, I don't believe we get they just figure now about what you figure you get by on Interviewer: {X} 330: I believe now I may be I may be wrong I I wouldn't swear that. But I honestly believe they just give you about what mine nearly has four three every time and it hardly ever goes up and down. Just stays on there. And I know it's bound to test more sometimes than it does others Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Wintertime you know, and you don't get a thing in the world but just hay and dry feed finally test more than when they got eating all this tender flowing grass it won't test as high. Summer {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: Um what the noise made by a calf when it's being weaned 330: Bawl Interviewer: Okay. Um and a noise made by a cow near at feeding time. 330: Made made by a Interviewer: A cow 330: #1 When you're fixing to feed 'em? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah. 330: Well she'll she'll low and just like it were time to calve want to get in to eat Interviewer: Okay. And the noise a horse makes 330: Nicker. Interviewer: Okay. Um and suppose you had some horses and mules and cows and so forth and they were getting hungry. You'd say it was time to go out and feed the 330: Uh uh uh go feed 'em in the {C: tape noise} I'd say what time it was by feeding 'em go out and feed 'em Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well that's like the hogs and horses uh I you say way years ago we fed our put our horses mules up every night through the summer at one or two cuz summertime we worked 'em. And we try to have water for 'em to drink, too, and we kept feed near 'em all the time. Hardly ever turn 'em out in the pasture on weekends we would turn 'em out. And mules most people just kept mules up all the time turn 'em a half water where they could just drink water and eat, stand and eat. And uh that's what you want to know what you call it? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well I don't know where you what you'd what just how you'd get at but you just for fattening 'em I reckon what you'd call it feeding 'em {X} {X} I don't know exactly what they say what #1 they say about that. # Interviewer: #2 Okay um # what general word would you use to talk about your horses and mules and cows and so forth? Would you call 'em critters, or stock, or 330: Uh I'd call I'd just call 'em animals. Interviewer: What? 330: Animals. Like uh {C: tape noise} deer anything else horses would be of course a horse or mule would be a different thing but they all in the same family, they just all bred you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {D: meat} Interviewer: Okay um 330: They they they're meat you take the the mule of course it has a horse mother and a jack as his daddy to they they're a cross. And uh a zebra I've heard 'em talk about the jenny and and and be bred to a horse and call it this old zebra or something or other I don't #1 know. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: {D: animal} I've heard 'em called that, I've never I've seen 'em, little spotted things Interviewer: #1 they call 'em # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: zebras, you may have, too. Fairs, shows. Interviewer: Yeah. Um {C: tape overlaid} okay a hen on a nest of eggs would be called a 330: Said what? Interviewer: A hen on a nest of eggs 330: Oh setting. Interviewer: Okay. Um would you do you ever use the word fowl or fowls talking about these #1 chickens and geese # 330: #2 Chickens, mm-hmm # Yeah. Interviewer: How do you use that? 330: Well just uh just uh they I reckon you just call 'em uh fowls. Course there is there is a bird that's a pea fowl Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {X} 330: I don't know whether you ever seen one or not. But this pea fowl and they make a little racket and they'll throw that tail wide open and they'll make a racket make the hair rise up on your head holler Interviewer: Oh they they're real pretty? 330: #1 They're really beautiful. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: Beautiful. Interviewer: I've seen those. 330: And run fast, Lord have mercy they can fly. There's some right over here with us {X} come by every day feed his cattle and he got ducks geese pea fowl {C: tape noise} everything turkeys and things everything in the world {X} over there on his farm. And these fowls uh you said the chicken it just we just called 'em I reckon the fowls are birds kinda what I'd call 'em fowls, birds. Interviewer: Okay um the place where you keep chickens what do you call that? 330: Hen house. Interviewer: Okay what about 330: poach house Interviewer: Huh? 330: poach house hen house Interviewer: What about a a smaller place, just for the mother just for 330: Brooder house Interviewer: Brooder house? What what's kept in there? 330: Little chickens, raise 'em. Put 'em in there and keep where you can keep heat you know to 'em in the Interviewer: Is that a big house 330: Small house. Interviewer: I mean it's it's not just something about two feet high or 330: It's bigger. {X} fifty or a hundred at a time you have to have heat in it, these electric heat a lot of 'em had house with little old {NS} furnaces built {X} way years ago but since we got electricity we've always just used a heat bulb Interviewer: #1 with ours # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: raise 'em. Interviewer: What if you were gonna ship 'em somewhere, what would you put 'em in? 330: Coops. Interviewer: Coops? 330: Chicken coop. Interviewer: How's can you describe that? 330: Coop? It's um it's a about a three foot thing square Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: and it's made out of little rounds have pieces that they bore course they bore holes and go in down here and they {C: rooster crows} flat piece of timber and up top same thing and they little rounds and they there'll be cracks in there for to give 'em air then they have a little door about that wide and it has set on hinges works on top and then they got a spring you you push it back {C: tape noise} {X} then it comes back and stays get they can't get out. Interviewer: yeah 330: That's where they haul 'em. And it used to really haul 'em. See the country people in this country and I guess folks everywhere I reckon did every woman yelling they both cracked all the groceries with their eggs back when I was young. My mother bought all our groceries with egg money. And they were fifteen sixteen eighteen cents something like that a dozen back then. Well we'd have twenty twenty-five thirty dozen a week she'd take 'em and buy groceries with 'em. And uh they they store people that summertime would candle 'em Interviewer: You'd what? 330: Candle 'em. To see whether they were bad or not. See if they had a little place in the thing that was a bug back in there they'd stick this egg up there and you'd take these all these eggs store through the summer. And they'd stick 'em up there and they'd show you just as clear as a crystal if it was a good one. Whether it was heavy black in there they lay 'em out you'd have to take 'em home, throw 'em away {X} Uh-huh, had been rotten fellow with his Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Roost or something wouldn't be no good, you know. #1 It'd have a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: chicken maybe in it, or hen had maybe sat on some, you know, and let the {X} had found the nest and maybe been hen sat on it and she didn't know it you know she'd send 'em to the store and they'd candle 'em out. Send 'em back. Interviewer: Would it show blood in there? 330: Mm-hmm. Blood, anything. Anything in the world in it. They'd throw 'em out on you. Interviewer: Hmm. 330: And that was nothing but right. Course you wouldn't really want to eat you know buy eggs that wasn't fitting to eat. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: In the wintertime we didn't have that luck {X} I saw a we had a {X} one used to come through this country that'd throw his voice like a little chicken hollering you know and uh I was setting down there at the store near Arno old fellow come in, old man toting his basket of eggs {D: walked} Interviewer: Hmm. 330: Walked in set 'em down this fellow went to hollering like a chicken {X} basket {X} {D: where} hey what's that I'm hearing? Say if you go like that it go like that bunch of little chickens hollering and man he'd make 'em cut up sure enough the store course understood it you know he knew it good, you know, this man didn't and uh he says uh {C: tape noise} Mister Haley {C: tape noise} says I just {C: tape noise} I'm not gonna be able to buy your eggs your wife must have gotten hold of some {D: satin} eggs say {D: they buy red hat} no don't want you to buy. I'll take 'em back let my {C: tape noise} wife sell 'em, hatch 'em no, I won't buy any of that chicken {C: tape noise} {D: they are gonna hatch if you} {D: before had his eggs started had to catch him} {D: made him mad, found what they done to him} he got plumb mad {X} I've heard him {X} many a many a time, that fellow. Made a lot of folks pick up eggs, start back out with 'em. Then they'd always tell him bring 'em back, let 'em you know put 'em up there and see whether it's bad or not. Find out {X} I never have figured that out, how people fool boys #1 like that # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: When you're eating chicken, you know there's one bone that's like this 330: Drumsticks, and that's a that's a a pulley bone Interviewer: Pulley bone. 330: Mm-hmm you like pulley bone? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's what {X} boy live 'em and {D: Mary} eats he wants that I like thigh I like it all. I've always eat thigh or breast piece, too, you know, it always take that breast {X} split stove and have two pieces breast. That's about the same thing as a Interviewer: yes 330: pulley bone, you know. Interviewer: Are there any stories about pulley bone, any superstitions or 330: Well used to we'd pull 'em to see which one was gonna get married first, you know. Interviewer: Really? 330: Whichever one got the long {D: that one it'd be} you ever do that? Interviewer: I've heard of some of those stories, but {X} 330: Never did do it. Interviewer: No. Yes. The longer one gets married first? 330: Uh-uh, I think the short one. Interviewer: The shorter one gets married first. 330: That's the way that I think it we really was. Yeah I pulled 'em with girls {C: tape overlaid} and they used to have big a lot of fun out of it, you know. They try their best to get to get the short one you know let people draw I've seen 'em draw fix sticks break off little sticks and draw about certain things you know see which one would get the short one to marry first, you know and they'd slip 'em back on, you know move 'em around {X} always fixed 'em you know Interviewer: What do you call the inside part to the um pig or calf that you eat? 330: Call the inside of it? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Hog? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Uh I guess you call 'em the {D: cockles} wouldn't you? {D: cockles} Interviewer: Yeah. But just like do you like pluck or squin or haslet or liver and lights? 330: Yeah, that course that's the any any just lower part of him, and liver and lights is just above his entrails heading towards his heart and stuff {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And uh I don't know, any you say it's supposed you want to know what they call it in- #1 side? # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Liver and lights and any other names like that. 330: Well the entrails is back in the stomach and this is in his chest, like the heart, liver I mean and liver and lights and goozle come course comes into it too where he swallows Interviewer: Is that the part you stick? 330: Huh? Yeah. You stick in here, and that goozle you cut it out, too, when you go to {C: tape overlaid} get take him over to {X} leave him open, open and then they take the fat off and you when you cut him open you they take the fat off the little entrails and just pull 'em {D: just} like that leave the fat in the hog and then you fix the chitterlings, I've eat I like chitterlings. Interviewer: What's that? 330: The the large entrails. Slit 'em open fix 'em I've eat I I really like 'em. I don't know if you ever eaten any or not, but I really like 'em. Interviewer: No, I've never had any. 330: Well they can you can buy buckets of 'em, you know. Stores. They have two and a half, three pound buckets chitterlings for so much three I believe it's about three dollars and a half. Maybe two pound, two and a half. I don't buy 'em. I just fixed 'em once a year kill 'em I want to know a little something about 'em when I eat 'em. Interviewer: Say if it was time to feed the stock and do your chores, you'd say that it was 330: Time to go feed. Interviewer: Yeah would you call that feed time fodder time, or 330: I'd call it feeding time. Uh people up north used to when I was young, we had some friends that moved up there, and they come back here they called slopping hogs {X} Interviewer: {D: Slowing?} 330: Uh-huh. It's time to {D: swill} the hog they'd say. But we called 'em slopping, you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} Different and I I called it just feeding time I'd say, well it's feeding time {C: tape overlaid} go feed Interviewer: Say it's time to go feed the what 330: Hogs. Time to go feed feed my mules, horses. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Feed the cows. I say feeding time I ever in there now practically most I do is feed my cows and hogs. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And then I get 'em fed we get ready and get 'em up and milk 'em, you know. {D: turn 'em in} the barn to milk 'em. I said it's time to go feed. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I try to go by well around four thirty five at the latest. Every afternoon. And all I {NS} go every day morning just quick as I get my breakfast eat. Feed. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Get ready to milk. Interviewer: How do you call a cow? 330: Sook. Interviewer: Go ahead and do it. 330: Sook! Sook! Sook! Interviewer: Okay. 330: I'm not I'm not too good. Call 'em. I do more {X} now and I whistle to call {X} They'll they won't come too good to you, but sometimes you can get 'em come start towards #1 you maybe. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # When you're milking and you want the cow to stand still what do you tell her? 330: Tell her "saw" Interviewer: How? 330: Saw. Interviewer: Okay. Um how do you call a calf? 330: Hmm? Interviewer: How do you call a calf? 330: How'd I call her? Interviewer: Yeah. A calf. 330: I I say "sook." #1 Sook sook # Interviewer: #2 same thing # 330: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Okay. Um what do you tell a mule or horse to make 'em turn left? 330: Turn left. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Gee haw Interviewer: Okay. Gee is left and haw is 330: The other one. {D: plant} 'em you know Interviewer: yeah 330: yee yea when you want 'em to go right Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And haw come back to the left. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And uh different parts of country now they they plow different. We pack plows we had left handed plows Interviewer: #1 and uh # 330: #2 uh huh # we call it yee all the time. But in in this parts of the country they had plows right handed plows and they'd haw the other the horse lead mule would stand there walk up on the ground, ours walked in the furrow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And we turn right all the time, go right all the time. Turn right. This other one walked up here and comes around the other way. Comes left. Interviewer: Which is the lead mule? On a left handed plow. 330: It it's the left side. Interviewer: Left side. 330: Mm-hmm. Walked in the furrow. Have a line on it, way we always kept lines on the lead mule Interviewer: Yeah. How'd you call a horse? 330: Huh? Interviewer: How do you call a horse? 330: {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Okay. What do you say to horses to get 'em to start going? 330: Come up. Interviewer: Okay. Is that the same thing you'd say if say you were already moving and you wanted him to go faster? 330: You'd just you'd tap him and holler "get up!" Interviewer: When he's already moving? 330: Mm-hmm. {X} to go faster you'd ho- you'd just tap him with the line or something holler "get up" {X} tap him up to go faster. Interviewer: What about to make him stop? 330: To what? Interviewer: To make him stop. 330: Oh whoa. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Whoa. Interviewer: To back him into the buggy? 330: Yee yee back yee back. Interviewer: Okay. Um how do you call hogs? 330: woo pig woo pig Interviewer: Okay. Um what about sheep? 330: Well now I just don't know how you'd call 'em never called a sheep, never heard anybody call a sheep. I'd call 'em I think you'd call 'em "sheepy" "sheepy" I guess you would. I'd just like {X} call a hog, you know woo pig woo pig woo pig I guess you'd call 'em sheepies. Be my judgment about it, I never had one, never was around sheep. Interviewer: yeah 330: I imagine you would. Interviewer: What about chickens? 330: Chicky you'd call {NW} chick chick chick chicky chicky chick chick chick Interviewer: Okay 330: And they'll come, too, I'll tell you that. They'll really run, you know, if you used to feed 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Follow me around like just young ones after you turn 'em out of that brood house they'll follow me around the yard just like I'm their mother. Think they are going to get something to eat, you know. Interviewer: Yeah. Say if you wanted to get your horses ready to go somewhere you'd say I want to 330: Get 'em up get 'em ready. Interviewer: Okay. Would you have another word for that? I wanna {X} 330: Uh well uh you'd wanna rub and comb you know and and get 'em ready to go I guess I guess you'd just Interviewer: Well what do you 330: Comb and Interviewer: When you're putting the gear on 330: Oh you mean to go to work? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Apply gear or harness on 'em to Interviewer: Yeah. You'd say I wanna 330: Gear him up. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay and when you're plowing the things you guide 'em with, you'd call 'em the 330: Lines. Interviewer: Okay what about when you're riding a horse? 330: You'd have bridle. Bridle reins. Interviewer: Okay. Um and the thing that you put your foot in. 330: Stirrups. Interviewer: Okay. And um if something was very common and you didn't have to look for it in a special place you'd say oh you can find that just about 330: Something now what y- Interviewer: Something that's real common {C: tape slowing} you'd say {C: tape slowing} you don't have to {C: tape slowing} look for that, you can find that {C: tape slowing} 330: Most anyplace.{C: tape slowing} Interviewer: Okay. {C: tape slowing} Um {C: tape slowing} someone slipped and fell this way {C: tape slowing} {X} Interviewer: Okay say um the second cutting of poke or of grass 330: Cutting Interviewer: The second cutting 330: Oh Interviewer: What do you call that old dead dry grass? 330: Uh the dead grass out in it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well I'd call it a just a dead grass. {X} A lot of grass dies earlier and it course this stuff some of it gets dies earlier than others. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And I'd call it dead just you said after you cut it you done cut it once go to cut it the second time? Interviewer: Yeah. And then grass that's left over on the ground 330: Oh that's just dried up hay. Interviewer: Okay. 330: I call it. Interviewer: Um 330: Yeah. We always have a little of that, you know, that left on the ground scattered dry. Interviewer: Yeah. When you okay talking about wheat. Wheat is tied up into 330: Bundles. Interviewer: Okay. And then they're they're piled up into a 330: Shocks. Interviewer: Okay. Um what's done with oats to separate the grain from the rest of it? 330: well it's thrashed with a combine Interviewer: What's that? 330: We thrash it and then now they combine 'em, you know. Interviewer: What's that oat 330: It it's a it's a machine that that took place of thrasher, we used to set the thrasher to cut 'em and shocked 'em out there in the field like I said shock 'em and then uh we get a thrasher to come to us farm, and we'd sit and thrash 'em. But now they they combine this stuff. All of it. Barley, wheat oats. Rye and everything. Just combine it. That fix it and cuts it and thrashes all at the same time. Interviewer: So you say that oats thra- 330: They combine all of it. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if there was um some job that um we had to do today, you say just the two of us. Um you could say that we'll have to do it, or you could say talking to me, you'd say 330: We got to get that job done, now. Interviewer: Okay but talking to me. You might you might say we or you might say 330: I've got to get it done? Interviewer: Or me too, though, it'd be 330: Yeah. Interviewer: Would you say me and you, or how how'd you say that? 330: Well I I'd call your name, and say you know we've got that job to do, we just gotta get at it and get it done. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Yeah, that's the way. Interviewer: Okay. Um and talking about this would you ever say this job is for both of us, or this job is for all two of us, or 330: For both of us. Interviewer: Both of us? Okay. Um talking about how tall you are, you'd say, he's not as tall as 330: Not as tall as as I, or not Interviewer: Okay. Or I'm not as tall as 330: As you. Interviewer: Or 330: He. Interviewer: Okay. Um and you say he can do that better than 330: I can. Interviewer: Okay. If something belongs to me then you'd say it's {NS} 330: That's mine. Interviewer: Okay. Um or if it belongs to me then it's 330: You it's hers Interviewer: Okay or you- 330: Uh ours. Interviewer: Okay. Um if it belongs to you then it's 330: Uh mine. Interviewer: Okay. Or what about say it's yo- 330: Say what? Interviewer: That you would say if something belongs to me, then it's 330: Oh I see, that's well that's yours. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if it belongs to them then it's 330: Ours. Way I'd say it, the both of us. Two different parties would be you know man and wife {D: two} I guess is what you {X} too, thinking about Interviewer: Okay and if if you say it belongs to us then it's ours, if it belongs to them then it's 330: It's theirs. Interviewer: Okay. And if it belongs to him, then it's 330: It's his. Interviewer: Okay do you ever say his one? How does that sound? 330: Well I guess I guess it would be alright yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever say that? 330: No I never did. I guess it would be alright. Interviewer: Who says that? Does it sound familiar or 330: {D: I may} some of 'em does people that do it {NS} {NW} Interviewer: Um wait a minute say if um do you ever use the word y'all or you all? Talking to a group of people? 330: Sure have. Y'all. Interviewer: Do you use that for one person, or 330: For several. Interviewer: Several. 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay suppose there had been a group of people at your house and they were fixing to leave and you were asking them about their coats. You'd ask 'em, where are 330: Your things, you got your things? Interviewer: Okay but if you're talking to a group of people, would you say your things or 330: Your things Interviewer: Would you ever say you all's 330: Uh yeah {X} would say you all I guess. Interviewer: Okay um and asking about the people at a party say there had been a party and you hadn't been there um and you wanted to know the people that had gone you might ask, who 330: Had had gone to the party? Interviewer: Would you ever say who all? 330: I guess it would be uh I don't know exactly how to how to answer Interviewer: Does it sound familiar? That's all I 330: You all? Interviewer: Yeah or who all was there 330: Would be there? Interviewer: Yeah. Does that sound 330: Yeah I guess it would. It uh uh yeah all y'all would be there I guess it'd sound alright. Interviewer: Could you ask who all was there? 330: Mm-hmm, that's fine, who all was there And course then there there could be several of 'em, you know Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You'd ask who all were there? Last night or something like that. To the party. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay um and say there was a group of children playing somewhere and they obviously belonged to more than one family and you wanted to know, would you ask who who all's children are they? 330: Mm-hmm. Whose children were they, or what they doing, forgot to play with something or other yeah I'd ask who who who whose child was it if it got hurt or something playing just playing. Interviewer: And suppose there had been a speech that was made and you hadn't been able to hear it and you wanted to know what um you wanted to know the the content of it. Would you ask what all did he say, or just what did he say, or 330: Yeah I'd like to tell 'em well I'd like to hear it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Would you recite it for me? {X} Let me hear it. Interviewer: Or would you ask someone though, what all did he say 330: #1 What all did he # Interviewer: #2 Does that sound # 330: Say #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Huh? # 330: yeah. Interviewer: Okay 330: Yeah. Interviewer: Um you say if no one else will look out for 'em, you say they've gotta look out for 330: Themself Interviewer: Okay and you say if no one else will do it for him, then he better do it for him 330: He'd have to do it his self if nobody else could do it for him, I guess. Interviewer: Okay. And um tell me about some different kinds of of bread that you remember 330: Bread? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Just uh eating bread, any kinda bread, cornbread or biscuits? Interviewer: Okay. What if it's if it's made baked in loaves what do you call 330: black bread Interviewer: Okay. 330: Loaf bread, they make uh we I don't know what you I'd call light bread some of 'em called it loaf bread. Interviewer: Yeah. What if it's made to rise with yeast? 330: That's uh that's just light bread loaf bread you call it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Put yeast in it it rises Interviewer: Okay um what else is made out of flour? What other types of bread? 330: Well buns and uh cakes I guess pie crust, too. Could be made out of flour. Interviewer: What about things made out of corn meal? 330: Corn meal? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Hoecakes and hoes and and uh I mean hoecakes and uh muffins {NW} corn sticks and uh just plain corn bread. Interviewer: How do you make hoecakes? 330: Just pour it out in a skillet or something like I was saying about that earlier {D: what my old man used to do} just cut it up and just pour it in there and leave it all in one one piece you know and you cook after it get cooked then you take a knife cut it up. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Small pieces to eat. I call that hoecake. Interviewer: What about something that you make like with shape it with your hands like this 330: Well that would that would uh uh I know I can't think of it what what what you call it, but uh I've seen it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I've seen c- shaped that way. Interviewer: What about something that you'd make with corn meal just using corn meal and salt and water? 330: Corn light bread. Interviewer: How do you make that? 330: They they they make it out of meal, and uh and uh and you say water and and I think don't use any milk. Believe that's the way it is. Interviewer: What about something that's um just corn meal and salt and water and it's 330: Plain bread. Interviewer: Yeah and you can no it's not a bread it's not really cooked that much 330: It ain't? Interviewer: Yeah. You ever heard of mu- 330: Heard of what? Interviewer: Mush? 330: Mush? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Yeah I guess yeah I've heard of it. Mush. But I never I've never seen any fixed like that, I Interviewer: How 330: Never saw any fixed. Like that. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But that's it's when you stir it up it becomes sorta like a mush Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 330: You don't cook it much? You say? Interviewer: I I'm not sure. I don't think so. Do you 330: I just don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever have it? 330: Mm-mm. Never did {X} Interviewer: What about something made out of corn meal and um you might um might fry it in deep fat little balls 330: Oh. uh uh hush puppies. Interviewer: Okay. Um you ever heard of a corn dodge? 330: Corn what? Interviewer: Dodger? 330: Yeah. I sure have. That's them things like you said I guess you'd call it made I reckon I believe that's what the way they made 'em. Corn dodgers, it would be a little old thing to {D: pour it just a little} you know little thing on something like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And to eat they're good, I've eaten 'em. I believe that's what they call 'em, corn dodgers. Interviewer: Yeah. What does the word pone mean? 330: Pone? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: That's just a loaf of bread pone pone or bread I'd call it kind of a like a loaf. Interviewer: So corn pone is the same as corn bread? 330: I I'd call that uh-huh same thing. Interviewer: Okay um you say there are two kinds of bread, homemade bread and and the kind that you buy at the store, called 330: Homemade bread you made home Interviewer: Homemade bread, and then there's the kind that you buy at the store. And you call that 330: Well you uh you talking about now the loaf bread? Uh Interviewer: Okay. Yeah. 330: Well you see then you you buy bread that's made down there, now you make 'em they used to buy yeast and make that light bread my mother used to and and then they bakers make it, that's what you talking about, ain't it? Interviewer: #1 Yeah when the baker # 330: #2 Called it loaf # We called it loaf bread. My mother did, when she made it. And they called it light bread you know Interviewer: Yeah. 330: when they buy it out of the store. Interviewer: I see. Um what this something that's fried in deep fat and it's got a hole in the center. 330: Fried in deep fat Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And it's got a hole in the center. 330: Mm you got me now. Fried in deep fat and got a hole in the center. Interviewer: Yeah you know. It's got a hole in the middle. It's round, like this and sort of more like a dessert than bread. 330: Sort of a pudding like? Interviewer: I'm thinking of donut. 330: Donut oh. Donut something like donuts you say? Cookies? Interviewer: Yeah well um I was thinking of donuts. Do you have any other um names for donuts or different types of donuts or anything? 330: Well they have they have a lot of different types, you know course chocolate co- lemon and uh I guess most any kinda different don't they flavor a whole bunch of different ones I I I just like a plain one really better than I do those others. {X} {X} I like 'em to eat drink coffee. When you drink some coffee, eat 'em with it. That's the way I like a donut. Interviewer: Yeah. Um this is something that you make up a big batter and you fry three or four of these at one time. And- 330: Flat cakes? Interviewer: Huh? 330: flat cakes Interviewer: Okay. What what do you call that flat 330: Yeah. Just put 'em in there and and and cook it in the skillet. flatter cakes what I'd call it. Interviewer: And you call those {D: flatter} 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 Flatter cake. # 330: #2 Flatter cake. # Interviewer: #1 # 330: #2 # Interviewer: Okay any other names you ever heard for that? 330: No, I don't know that I've ever heard 'em called anything other than flatter cakes. Interviewer: Okay say um the inside part of the egg would be called the 330: Yellow. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you cooked 'em in hot water, what would you call 'em? 330: Boil 'em. Interviewer: Boiled what? 330: Boiled eggs. Boiled egg. Interviewer: What if you crack 'em and let 'em fall out of the shells in hot water? 330: What if you do crack 'em? Interviewer: Yeah and let 'em fall out of the shells in hot water. 330: Well I guess it- it would uh it would cook. I don't know what you how you'd Interviewer: Do you have a name for that though? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Do you have a name for that? 330: Uh-uh, I never did see any done like that I don't know what you what you would call it Interviewer: You've never heard of poached eggs or porched eggs or 330: I've heard of it, but I never did I never eaten none, never Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Sick people I've heard people you know being sick said they fed 'em poached eggs but I never eaten any, never did see any that's what you call a poached egg would be when you break it in well I've heard of that, people sick people feeding sick folks poached egg, had to eat poached eggs, but I didn't I never eaten one in my life, never Interviewer: Yeah. And this is something that's kinda like a fruit pie only it's it's baked in a deep dish and it's got several layers of this fruit and dough 330: Fruitcakes? Interviewer: No I'm thinking of so you first of all you put a layer of dough then you put maybe a layer of apples and then another layer of dough then some more apples and keep going 330: Oh that would be I guess it'd be Interviewer: And it's baked in a deep dish. 330: Well I don't know how to- how to get it there. It just Interviewer: You ever heard of a cobbler or a 330: Cobblers? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Yeah. Cobblers but I thought you just put them in and kinda roll 'em up and put 'em in a Interviewer: {NW} 330: bowl or something or other Interviewer: {NW} 330: bread you know roll it out put your fruit in there and I thought then just put it pull a little bread over it and bake 'em that a way. {X} Cook 'em. I thought that was a cobbler. Interviewer: Um say someone has a good appetite, you'd say he sure likes to put away his 330: {NW} put away his food. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever use another word for food? 330: yeah vittles Interviewer: {X} What's the difference? In those words. 330: I don't know if it's anything at all but uh I've heard people call 'em vittles old people Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And it's this food they've ever eaten you know would be just a could be anything by putting it away, eating a lot of it. vittles we'd call I've heard my aunts over talk about it they got up in between these now and talk about {X} they didn't talk like we did, you know. They talked like oh they sure they sure put away them vittles {X} tickled me to death. I By the time one died well she lived near to ninety years old. She used to tickle me to death talking my mother died when she was just forty-seven. My daddy didn't live to be course almost eighty he married again Interviewer: Yeah. Um you might take some milk or cream and mix it with sugar and nutmeg and pour it over a pie what would you call that? 330: Sugar and uh milk mixed it up with milk and Interviewer: Yeah. 330: and pour it over a pie? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I guess it uh would be a to make a cream like something put to pour over they would call it? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Some kinda seasoning or dressing to it wouldn't it? Interviewer: Okay. Um food taken between regular meals, you'd call that a 330: Taken between regular meals? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well sn- uh had to have a snack I guess. Interviewer: Okay. Um you'd say this morning I what breakfast at seven o'clock. 330: I eat my breakfast at seven o'clock ate breakfast seven o'clock Interviewer: Okay. And you'd say yesterday at that time I'd already 330: Done eating. Interviewer: Okay. And you say um tomorrow I will 330: Try to try to eat earlier or Interviewer: Okay. Um how do you make coffee? 330: Just put it in water and boil it it it let it percolate so long I don't know how long when it comes to perk let it and then it'll quit I made it when I was young, and I made I have made some not too long ago. Just put it in there and let it come to that perk and when it quits perking it'll cut out. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 Yeah # I figure it's ready {NS} to drink then, or isn't it? Drink it. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if you were real thirsty you might go to the sink and pour yourself a 330: Glass of water. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Milk. One Interviewer: Um you say somebody that glass fell off the sink and 330: Broken. Interviewer: Huh? 330: Broke broke. Interviewer: Okay. Um you might say um somebody has what that glass. Somebody has 330: Knocked it off Interviewer: Okay and the glass has 330: Fell in something. Got into something or other. Interviewer: And has done what? It has 330: Uh {D: drank} something or stick it on something else cuz fell in it oh you mean it broke and fell in? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And it's destroyed something Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I think. Interviewer: Okay you say but um I didn't mean to what that glass. I didn't mean to 330: Didn't mean to do to knock it over? Interviewer: And 330: Break it. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if if I ask you how much did you drink, you'd say I what a lot? Of water. I 330: So many glasses I'd say after all I drunk three glasses or Interviewer: Okay. 330: Four glasses or something like that Interviewer: And then you might ask me how much have you 330: Drank? Interviewer: Okay. Um or you might say you certainly do 330: Enjoy it. Drinking it. Interviewer: Okay. Um if dinner's on the table and the family's standing around the table, you know, waiting to begin what do you say to them? 330: Have seats. Interviewer: Okay. It's the same thing if you have company? You say 330: Yeah. Come on have sit down ready to eat. Interviewer: Okay. Um someone comes into the dining room and you tell 'em won't you 330: Have a seat Interviewer: Or won't you what? 330: Sit down, eat with us, or Interviewer: Okay. And you say so then he what down? Then he 330: He well he sit down and eaten with us. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say nobody else was standing up because they'd all what down? 330: All all have sat down. Interviewer: Okay. Um say there were some potatoes on the table and you wanted someone not to wait until the potatoes were passed to them. You'd say 330: Pass me the potatoes. Interviewer: Yeah or you tell someone just go ahead and 330: Help yourself. Interviewer: Okay. So you'd say um so he went ahead and 330: And what {D: help his self?} Interviewer: Okay. You say um I asked him to pass 'em over to me since he'd already what himself? 330: He he done he'd already had 'em or well wait on his self Interviewer: Or he'd already what himself #1 # 330: #2 # {NW} wait on himself first, I guess you'd say. Interviewer: Okay. Um or using the word help you'd say since he'd already 330: Helped himself. Interviewer: Okay. Um someone offers you some food and you decide you you don't want it, you'd say no thank 330: I don't care for any. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if food's been cooked and served a second time 330: warmed over Interviewer: Okay. Um you put food in your mouth and then you begin to 330: Chew it. Interviewer: Okay. Um let's see this is um the things that peas and carrots and beets and so forth you call those 330: What I call them? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: What you you mean there's three four different ones together and you call 'em something? Interviewer: Yeah I'm thinking of the word vegetables. 330: Oh yeah. Interviewer: #1 What- # 330: #2 Call it a # vegetable. Interviewer: Okay but what if they're grown? At home? 330: Where do you grow 'em at? Interviewer: Would you have a different name depending on whether you grew 'em yourself or whether you bought 'em? 330: No I wouldn't, I'd just well if I went to you know grow 'em myself I'd call 'em like I said beets or Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Or cucumbers or squash or okra or whatnot, and if I went to the store of course I'd ask for Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} Interviewer: I think you mentioned I don't think it's on the tape but I think you mentioned the word truck or something 330: A what? Interviewer: The word truck. Something like 330: Oh Interviewer: Or would you say 330: Yeah we have the truck farming Interviewer: What's what's that mean? 330: Well they raise our neighbors here they what he used to truck farm every year, he'd plants a little of everything carries it to market and sells it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: {D: gadget} He plants corn tomatoes squash cucumbers, okra beans potatoes onions everything. And picks it and carries it I call that truck gardening. Interviewer: You call the stuff he grows trucks? 330: Uh-huh uh the vegetables. Call it vegetables. And truck garden. Interviewer: I see. Okay um this is something that's made from um people take ashes and get this lime and then take corn 330: Make hominy? Interviewer: Okay. Um and this is a starch that's you can eat it, it's from the grain and it takes a lot of water to grow its so they don't grow it much around here but they grow it further down south I think. Um and people in China and Japan eat it a lot. 330: Rice? Interviewer: Okay. Um and do you have any names for um alcohol that's cheap whiskey or homemade beer? 330: {D: never did have what} Interviewer: Johnny what do you call cheap whiskey? Or homemade beer? It's not legal, you know. 330: Oh. {NW} moonshine. Interviewer: Okay. Any other name? 330: Uh well {NW} white lightning, some of 'em calls it I've heard 'em call it, I Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I don't know. Moonshine, white lightning, whiskey. Interviewer: Do they have any of that around here? 330: Sour mash. I've heard 'em call it I never have seen it never have been yeah I heard of people making it one of 'em I lived with my father and our home burned up up there when the children was little the fellow made it wasn't too far from we could just almost taste it and people would would be coming by the road there all night keep us awake all night going in there and getting it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I had to do about much keep my boy from going out there they thought there was something going on you know and they want to call and let 'em go. And I got the fellow to move, I told him, I said these kids are raising sand about it #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Raising what? # 330: and if they ever go out there my children I said they won't go out there, say something going on. They want to see what it is I said now you better move it out Interviewer: Yeah 330: Cuz they they're gonna tell it in school. If there's something going on up there and I won't let 'em go out there and look at it. See about it. They want to go check on it and figure it out so one night they moved all night hauled it away. I don't know where they carried it. Didn't care. {D: just as long as it got away so} my children wouldn't go out there to see it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well you could just taste it, they'd make you know that stuff cool just that air be back in that vicinity and then well they just like we cooking it in our own yard. Interviewer: Yeah. You said your children were raising what about 330: They wanted to go out to see what it was Interviewer: Yeah how did you say that? They were raising 330: Huh Raising Cain, I said wanted to go out there and see what was going on. Interviewer: I see. Um what what about beer? What did you call that? 330: Well you can call it uh home brew, used to make it home brew brew. In the countries way back years ago when I was young they made it and they didn't have no iceboxes then and all and they'd store it in the ground in the cellar. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Dig a hole and just put it down in the if it got too hot it'd blow. {D: up} {X} Called it brew. Home brew. Interviewer: Yeah. If something was cooking and made a good impression on your nostrils you'd tell someone just that just 330: delicious smell delicious Interviewer: Yeah or tell someone just smell it 330: Real good. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay you say this is a say if you have a belt and it's it's cow hide, it's got something on there to tell you that it's cow hide and not anything else 330: Genuine. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Horse hide. Interviewer: Okay. Um when sugar was weighed out of a barrel you'd say that it was sold 330: {D: getting low} Interviewer: Okay but but when they didn't package it first, when they just weigh it to you out of a barrel you'd say the sugar was sold 330: By by the pound Interviewer: Okay. Or sugar was sold in 330: In in in a small quantities Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever use the expression in bulk? 330: In bulk? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or sugar was sold loose or 330: Well uh they bought it you know loose, we all bought it loose, five pound a time, or ten pounds you know they'd just put it in a sack they bought it in and they'd weigh it up and them don't come in like five pound ten pound nowadays they'd sack it you know. Take it out of a the container and weigh it up to it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And they bulk if it was a bulk when they bought it the hundred pound that you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 330: {X} hundred pound sack Interviewer: Okay what do you call a something that you can make out of apples, or something like 330: Cider? Interviewer: Okay but something that you could spread. On toast or biscuits 330: Uh Interviewer: Not jam but something 330: Oh I I- sauce? Applesauce? Interviewer: Um No it's something real common in other women would make it and then put it in these special glasses and pour paraffin over it to seal it 330: Jelly? Interviewer: Okay. Um and what do you have on the table to season food with you have your 330: Salt. Interviewer: What else? 330: Pepper. Interviewer: Okay. Um say if there was a some apples and a child a bowl of apples and a child wanted one, you'd tell someone 330: He want the apple, give him an apple Interviewer: Okay. Or he'd say get 330: Yeah. {NW} I want the apple. Gimme a apple. Interviewer: Okay. Um if you're not if you don't have any money at all, you'd say you're 330: Broke. Interviewer: Or 330: Busted. Interviewer: You're not rich, you're 330: Poor. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say if a man has plenty of money he doesn't have anything to worry about but life is hard on a man 330: With money it would be. Everybody be {D: laying for him} I'd figure, you know people would be has a lot of money children they have to watch the children mighty close. {X} wealthy and the people steal 'em you know on a swipe 'em out on a {X} that's a myth of life I'd figure if you had a lot of money and and these gangsters knowing it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: You'd have to terrible time to keep your children {X} out there in the private school you know they do what meeting there this I've known a few {X} {D: Nelson Hill and R.G. Hill} they had children and they had to send theirs to private school and they had people that would steal 'em Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Children you know and want big ransom money all that kinda stuff. {D: I don't I'd like to have plenty} to have something to eat, and {X} clothes enough to wear, but I wouldn't want a world of money, cuz {NW} somebody'd be {X} aggravating you all the time kill someone or do something to you. Interviewer: Say if you had a lot of peach trees you'd say you have a peach 330: Lot of fruit. Interviewer: Peach what? If you have a lot of these peach trees. 330: Peach trees Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I'd say well I have a lot of peaches? Interviewer: Yeah. You'd call that 330: Oh peach orchard. Interviewer: Okay. You might ask somebody if that's his orchard and he'd say no I'm just a neighbor and he'll point to somebody else and say he's the man 330: He's the man got a fine has a fine orchard Interviewer: Okay. Um you say when I was a child, my father was poor. But next door was a child {NS} 330: Next door what? Interviewer: Next door was a child 330: My father was uh Interviewer: When I was a child, my father was poor. But next door was a child 330: Had plenty. Interviewer: Okay but talking about you want to say that his father is rich 330: Rich Interviewer: You'd say when I was a child my father was poor, but next door was a child 330: Was they was wealthy I'd say. Interviewer: Okay. Um you'd say my mother's not a nurse but I have a friend 330: Is a nurse. Interviewer: Okay but not my friend I'm talking about my friend's mother you'd say my mother's not a nurse, but I have a friend 330: Is is a wouldn't be wouldn't be as a nurse? You say? Interviewer: Yeah. Um would you say I have a friend that her mother's a nurse or I have a friend whose mother's a nurse, or how how would you say that? 330: Well I'd say uh my- my mother has a friend that {X} friend that is a nurse you say that would be? Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call the inside of a cherry? The part that you don't eat. 330: Seed? Interviewer: Okay. What about a peach? 330: Would be the same thing, peach seed. Interviewer: Okay. There you know there's one kind of peach where the the flesh is 330: Yeah clear. Clear seed? Interviewer: Okay. Is that easy to get off, or hard? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Easy? 330: Yeah you just {X} peach off of it you know. Take the seed throw the seed away. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And a plum peach is thicker the kind, we called it, I we used to have a red looks like a beet Indian peach we made a peach pickle out of it. Interviewer: Peach pickle? 330: Mm-hmm. I love them better than anything in the world And it'd be red as blood, that we called it the Indian peach. Interviewer: Is a a plum peach hard to get off the 330: Mm-hmm, had to cut it off. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call the part of the apple that you throw away? 330: Core. Interviewer: Okay. And when you um cut up apples and dry them you say you're making 330: Cider? Interviewer: When you cut up the apples and dry them 330: Dry oh uh uh what uh you could dry 'em for to make pies out of 'em. Interviewer: Okay. Um what kind of nuts do you have? {X} 330: Nuts. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Walnuts and hickories Interviewer: Okay a walnut 330: Pecans Interviewer: Okay. On a walnut you know it's got two coverings on it. 330: Mm-hmm got a hull and a shell. Interviewer: Okay. The hull's the outside? Very outside? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay um what about huh? 330: That that's one that if it's green if you have a ringworm with form on you anywhere or something you can take that walnut, that hull and and scratch it or burst it a little something or other and rub it on that ringworm it'll kill it dead {D: four o'clock} Interviewer: #1 Oh really? # 330: #2 But it hurts. # Interviewer: #1 It hurts to put that # 330: #2 Sure sure will. # I imagine it kills {X} too if it got on you. Rubbed it on. But it sure kill that ringworm. I didn't mean to interfere with you but I Interviewer: No no it isn't that's interesting. I never heard that before. 330: I've done it. Got 'em bruise 'em and then just rub it on it. {X} might have to apply maybe two or three times but it'll kill it. You know ringworm you ever you ever had ringworms on you? Interviewer: Uh-uh. 330: Itch they'll itch you come a little place {X} you just worried to death, you gotta do something about it. Interviewer: What if it gets up I've see I've heard of people getting it up in their head 330: I'm I mean it'd be terrible to get {X} if you got one had one on your head you might've had to cut the have your hair cut- Interviewer: #1 your hair cut around it # 330: #2 Yeah # #1 I guess # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 330: I never did have any on my just on my arms and body. Interviewer: What about nuts that grow in the ground? What kinds of nuts are there? 330: Gr- uh that grows down in the ground? Well uh I guess uh {NS} {X} can't think right now of any would they grow in the woods, or just you plant 'em, or Interviewer: Yeah like they have they grow a lot of these in Georgia 330: They do? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Peanuts is the only Interviewer: Okay. 330: Main thing only ones I #1 know of. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # That's what I was thinking of. Is there another name for peanuts? 330: Goobers. Interviewer: Okay. Um what about a nut that is long and sort of flat and sort of shaped like your eye and you might find around Christmas. 330: Uh uh that's a English nut or uh oh I know exactly what you're talking about, yeah. It's black Interviewer: No it's not black. 330: #1 It's not black? # Interviewer: #2 I'm thinking of # something else sort of a blonde shell 330: Blonde shell. Interviewer: I'm thinking of almonds or almonds 330: Almonds? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Yeah I've seen I've I've eaten almonds. But I thought you was talking about that black walnut like it's {D: you've already said that} I don't know what you call it but it's a black nut huh? Interviewer: Brazil nuts? 330: Some kinda funny name I I I like the taste of 'em Interviewer: You ever heard of a another name for those? 330: Uh-uh, I don't guess I ever did. Interviewer: You ever heard of anything called niggertoes? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: What's that? 330: Well that that's a chocolate candy. What we called niggertoes. Interviewer: Oh really? 330: Yeah. Chocolate little chocolate {NW} balls candy Interviewer: Uh-huh 330: Call 'em, niggertoes that's what I would call nigger- #1 toe. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # I've heard kind of nut. 330: A nut? Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 330: #2 Niggertoe. # Interviewer: that kinda black black nut about I think the one you were talking about 330: It might be the one I'm talking about might be I don't know what that is. I haven't seen any of those in years and years. But I have seen 'em Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And they they're bigger on one end than they are the other. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 330: #2 Kinda # that the kind you- what you're talking about? Interviewer: Yeah I think. 330: And they call 'em niggertoe? Interviewer: I I'd heard that. 330: Well I I I imagine Interviewer: #1 I don't know if they'd say it seriously but # 330: #2 probably. # I imagine that's what it was, cuz I don't know what they call 'em, I haven't seen any in years, but I used to like 'em. But hardly now we don't have pecans and English walnuts just about the only nuts we use {X} to Christmas to fix cakes with and this friend of mine in North Carolina used to bring me two gallon every fall when he came to go to working in tobacco bring two gallon every fall. they grow the big ones, too they really grow 'em out there in North Carolina. {D: and next time I'm gonna get me some} {X} I have some little ones but they're too little, they're too {X} said he's gonna bring me some {D: sprouts} but he never did. Never think about it. {D: 'til he get ready to leave} I think that that pecan they called it pecan pecan Interviewer: Yeah. 330: It's what they called it. That sounds funny to me, hear 'em call it I'd ask him, did you bring me any pecans? Yeah we brought some pecans you know we gonna bring you pecans well I didn't get 'em I come get me a great big sackful Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And they funny oh we we had didn't have to buy any for years and years. This last year first time he missed coming Interviewer: What's a kind of fruit about the size of an apple they grow down in Florida a lot 330: Uh grapefruit? Not grapefruit uh uh uh I'm {NS} say they grow they grow 'em all of 'em grows in Florida? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Uh {X} Interviewer: You make juice out of it and drink for breakfast 330: Grapefruit? Interviewer: No smaller than grapefruit. 330: Grapefruit just it's- it's a small? Interviewer: It's about the size of an apple. 330: It just slipped my mind, I can't remember seeing anything like that. {X} Interviewer: What about or- 330: Huh? Interviewer: Oranges? 330: Oranges? Tangerines, tangerines yeah. Interviewer: I was thinking of the other one, or- 330: Huh? Interviewer: I was thinking of that other one. 330: Tangerine? Interviewer: No. 330: Oranges? Interviewer: Yeah. Suppose you had a a bowl of these standing somewhere and one day you went in to get one and there weren't any left you'd say the oranges are 330: Gone? Interviewer: Okay. Um and um 330: Tangerines I like tangerines, they they uh I really like them better than I do oranges. Interviewer: Yeah. They're 330: Good, I think. But the oranges that you eat that you pick ripe are hundred to one better than we buy here in our country. You know get 'em off trees ripe? Interviewer: Uh-huh 330: I've had people bring some come down there off the tree and they just a hundred to one better than what we have here that they we get it was picked green, you know, and let 'em ripen {X} bring this kinda sour Interviewer: Um you say um he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat and he couldn't 330: Couldn't eat the piece of meat? Interviewer: Yeah. Now he could chew it but he couldn't 330: Couldn't swallow it? Interviewer: Okay. Um and what do people smoke, made out of tobacco? 330: Cigarettes? Interviewer: Okay. What else? 330: Cigars. Interviewer: Okay. Um if someone offered to do you a favor you might say well I appreciate it but I don't wanna be 330: Get in the habit of it? Interviewer: Okay would you say I don't wanna be beholden or I don't want to be obligated 330: Obligated to Interviewer: Okay. Um someone asks you if you were able to do a certain thing, and you say sure, I do it. Sure, I 330: I yeah sure I can do it. Interviewer: Okay. Um uh or someone says can you and you say no I 330: Don't feel like it. Or don't don't don't care to try it or #1 something like that. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah or you'd say # Or I'd like to but I just 330: Not able to to do it. Interviewer: Or I just ca- 330: Ain't up to it. Interviewer: Okay they say can you? And you say no I 330: No I I just can't do it today. Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: Don't have time, I reckon in my time I don't have time to do a lot of stuff, I don't know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: My wife says I can do what I want to, but I can't always have something to be done, I don't get it done, all of it. Interviewer: Yeah. You're kept pretty busy I guess. 330: Yeah gotta mow the yard, work the gardens truck patches {D: see to our} fences and cattle and only I don't get around to 'em all. See to it all, see to 'em every day. Interviewer: Yeah. What's truck truck patches? #1 What's that? # 330: #2 Mm-hmm, yeah. # 330: I plant you know beans and corn, pumpkins Interviewer: To sell? 330: I made now just to eat. We have peas, we have all kinda pea patches and we don't got a bunch planted and plant another bunch. and the next week parcel I don't know we'll have to get 'em planted and we'll have it 'til the freeze ca- come and gets 'em in Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's the way I try to have 'em every year. All year I go to picking drying 'em put up sacks and shell 'em {X} to plant again another year. Just all do over again. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay you'd say in a dangerous situation he what to be careful, he 330: Say what? Interviewer: In a dangerous situation, a person what to be careful 330: He to not get hurt, I'd think Interviewer: Yeah. 330: If you don't be careful or mighty careful I would he's liable to get hurt seriously or something like that. Interviewer: So you say he he belongs to be careful, he ought to be careful 330: He oughta be careful or he'll get hurt himself. Interviewer: Okay. Um you say I'll dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I bet you what 330: I dare you but I bet you are scared to scared to Interviewer: Okay. You'd say I bet you {X} or I bet you daren't or don't dare or how would you say that? 330: Well I I'd say well uh I I would dare you to go through there Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And uh and then he'd say well I will and you say well I don't believe it you're too scared to go. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: That's what I'd say. I believe that's the same thing. Would that be sufficient? Interviewer: Yeah. Um say if a boy got a whipping and you'd say well I bet he did something he 330: didn't have any business doing. Interviewer: Okay. Or using the word ought you'd say 330: Ought not have done. Interviewer: Okay. If someone asks you would you do that? And you say no no matter how many times you ask me to do that I just 330: I just can't do it. Interviewer: Or I just 330: Won't do it. Interviewer: Okay. Um say you'd been doing some hard work all by yourself and all the time a friend of yours was just standing around watching you without helping when you get through you might go up to him and say now you know instead of just standing there you know you might 330: Might might need help to do it Interviewer: Or would you say you might might have helped might how would you say that? 330: I don't {D: know if} I got the real meaning now Interviewer: Say you've been working, and it was hard work. And you could have used some help and then when you're through, you'd go up and say now instead of you just standing there 330: You could have helped me do it. Or do this job. Interviewer: Okay. Um if someone asked you if you're able to do something some work you say well I'm not sure but I might 330: I'll try. Interviewer: Okay would you say I might could? 330: Mm-hmm. Yeah. I guess you would. I I might could, I'll try Interviewer: Okay. Um let's see and the kind of bird that sees in the dark. What do you call that? 330: Owl. Interviewer: Okay. There are two kinds, aren't there? 330: Hoot owl and screech owl. Interviewer: Okay. Um what about the kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 330: Peckerwood. Interviewer: Okay. Um 330: Woodchuck some call it. Interviewer: Woodchuck? 330: Yeah some of 'em call it woodchuck but I call 'em peckerwood. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They you know red headed Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Just stop and hit that tree like that and just {NS} Interviewer: Yeah 330: they get juice out of that. They run in our apple trees and sugar trees too. Interviewer: What's sugar trees? 330: These out here maples out there in my yard. Interviewer: #1 Front # 330: #2 Yeah # yard. They peck holes all in 'em. Interviewer: Do you ever use that word peckerwood talking about people? 330: Yeah I've heard it called that peckerwood Interviewer: What does it mean? 330: It it {NW} I think it means sorta some mischief he did, #1 or something or other. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # It's not really bad to call a person 330: No, it wouldn't be too bad, he's just done some little mischief and you say that peckerwood done so and so. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I've heard it said quite a few times like that. Interviewer: Yeah. Wife: Can't you stay and have lunch with us today? Interviewer: Well if y'all are ready to eat Wife: We won't be but a few minutes {X} Interviewer: Okay we're just about through Wife: {X} 330: {X} walked out on the steps {X} steps try and come up I didn't think about it. He wasn't he never had been scared of nothing just wasn't {X} scared of anything {NS} only way in the world I {X} this this granary had a metal tin top on it and I had 'em hit {NS} that and he must have thought that thing was coming through {X} when you blow it so {X} wasn't no {C: rooster crowing} I don't expect was as much as fifty feet from the track {X} {D: but he know} {X} {X} but that guy reached up and pull that whistle down scared him to death {NS} well where were we at when you were signed off? Interviewer: Um talking about animals {C: rooster crows} um this is a kind of black and white animal, and it's got a real strong smell. 330: Pole cat skunks. Interviewer: Okay. They're the same thing? Pole cat 330: Some of 'em call 'em pole cat, some skunk yeah skunks. {X} Interviewer: Okay um suppose some animals had been coming and getting your hens um you didn't know what kind they were 330: {D: what was getting 'em} {C: rooster crows} Interviewer: Yeah. {C: rooster crows} 330: Be more than likely be a possum. Get 'em at night. I guess what what I'd say be a possum. This dog of mine ain't no telling how many he's killed up there, but hen house at night. Interviewer: Really? 330: Yeah he carries 'em {X} in there try to get the hens. He he smells 'em he gets usually gets one of 'em he smell he got the best scent I {X} nose I ever saw course that's that bird dog #1 you know, mother. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: They have the best scent on earth. They can smell stuff that no other dog can even think about smelling. And they all go crazy after chickens, too, birds this nasty {X} you know never did see a bird dog that wouldn't kill a chicken. Little chicken. Interviewer: Yeah. Bird dogs like them okay but suppose some animals had been coming and getting your hens and maybe it was a possum, maybe it was something else. You'd you didn't know exactly what it was but but you might say I'm gonna get me a gun and kill those 330: Uh I'm gonna kill those varmints. Get those varmints, whatever you call {X} I guess I'll say I'll have to kill 'em. Interviewer: What does the word varmint mean? 330: Some just a I guess just a some kinda like you said an animal just could be a fox or could be a a pole cat could be a possum or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Coon or anything. Could be. #1 You know whatever # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: was getting 'em, you'd just have to guess at it. But we usually my we most time it's a possum. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I think skunks eat you know do, too, I believe they catch chick small chickens I'd guarantee that they would. But I don't know whether they catch old ones or not. Interviewer: You wouldn't say that rats and mice are varmints, would you? 330: No, that'd be a different wouldn't it be under a different something else? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} Interviewer: Um what about something that'll get up in the treetops this little bushy tail down 330: Coon? Interviewer: No it's real plain thing you 330: #1 Squirrel? # Interviewer: #2 see in the # City 330: #1 Squirrel? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. What kinds of squirrels are there? 330: Well I see fox squirrels here in my lawn and then they have gray ones too but I haven't had gray ones, I got the two little fox squirrels two old fox squirrels living with their young Interviewer: #1 yeah # 330: #2 they # come all around the house, set up bark eat corn with the chickens, and dogs run out sometimes get excited cuz they think they're gonna catch one of 'em, he just jumps up over 'em Interviewer: What color is the fox squirrel? 330: They're look like a groundhog reddish. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: White little white streak down the face. Old ones they got a white streak down the front face like that Interviewer: What about something smaller than a squirrel? It has a little can't really climb a tree 330: Ground squirrels? Interviewer: Yeah what do they look like? 330: Uh they uh they fly they got a they can fly. Interviewer: They can? 330: Yeah. They'll fly now that's what I'm what I got in mind is a ground squirrel, can fly. He He'll fly if you get crowding him {X} go somewhere else. And they'll fly tree to tree and just go right on in. Little they're small. They look sorta like a bat. Family like. Interviewer: yeah 330: Ground squirrels do. Interviewer: Are they the ones with that little white stripe down its back? 330: Mm-hmm. {NS} That's what I've seen 'em I've seen a lot of different there may be some several different kinds but they're they're no good for anything that I know of. At all Interviewer: yeah 330: but they we have a few of 'em. You don't see too many. Really rare as a thing to see. Ground squirrel. Interviewer: Um have you ever heard of a boomer? 330: Boomer. Interviewer: Yeah a squirrel called a boomer. 330: No I never have {C: tape distorts} called boomer Interviewer: What sort of fish do you get around here? 330: Well we get uh a blue cat {D: how cat} yellow cat bass rock bass trout suckers little mud cats sun perch crappie blue gills um that's about I guess that's getting close to 'em {X} might be some a few I missed but I reckon Interviewer: #1 yeah # 330: #2 I # named most of 'em. {NS} Interviewer: Um what do pearls come in? 330: What do what? Interviewer: Pearls come in 330: Coals Interviewer: Pearls 330: Coals Interviewer: No pearls it's it grow in these things that 330: Oh pearls you #1 said? # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: Yeah uh they come in shells. Interviewer: What kinda shells? 330: Um well {X} some of 'em they they get 'em out of these uh things you get out of the ocean what do you call 'em oysters? Oysters I guess, oyster shells. Interviewer: Okay. Um and this is something that you might hear making a noise around the pond at night. 330: Frogs bull frogs Interviewer: Okay. 330: {NW} you ever see any of 'em? Interviewer: I think so. Big old 330: People eat 'em. I I never I never we never did I never did kill mine I've got some up well got one I got a couple of ponds up there on the one {D: highway just getting dirt in 'em} {X} get me any {D: and dug one now beneath the pond} they dug the pond from it and I've heard some up there I bet you as big as big as my hat nearly. They holler {NW} {NW} {NW} {NW} {X} some of these boys get 'em overnight Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They go up there with a flashlight and gig 'em Interviewer: When will they get 'em? 330: Gig 'em with a flashlight Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Little gig little prongs on it, and they'll get up over that {X} catch 'em like that put 'em in the sack and bring 'em in Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They have frog supper then. Interviewer: When when do they go get 'em? 330: Usually little I reckon along about now {X} usually this time of the year when they go to catching 'em sometime after it gets get a little warmer we don't I never did fool with 'em at all. I've caught 'em {X} for fish and throw 'em out {X} when I was young Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: When river {X} pulls the two of us one on each end {D: same the staff} and pull it come up we have a whole bunch of good fish in there take 'em out grow it on wouldn't take long to fill a sack full. Interviewer: How how would you do that now you'd 330: {D: saint neck} that's a great big wide neck and one pull one end out and one the other they go across the water we always tried to have one on each end of us to drive two keep 'em front of us, they'd get up we'd go up the bank, come up really happen. Interviewer: How would you get the net 330: Get to it Interviewer: How big was the net? 330: #1 Oh around # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: twenty thirty foot long something like that. Twenty thirty I have had one forty. Interviewer: Do you have weights on it? 330: Weighed the water Mm-hmm just catch hold of it like this hands down low and up and hand it up to the top to keep it out try to keep it from jumping over they'd jump over these bass and trout {X} hold it up over the water you'd have to keep block 'em in course catfish and most any other kind didn't, weren't no trouble, you just gonna {X} pick 'em up but those trout would jump it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Fly through the air. More like a bullet. Interviewer: What about a kind of frog that's it's small and doesn't get um doesn't get much bigger than this 330: Tadpoles? Frogs? Interviewer: No maybe it stays up in a tree or 330: Oh tree frog? Interviewer: Tree frog. 330: Tree frog. Yeah there's tree frogs. And there's toad frogs too. Interviewer: Are they on land? 330: Mm-hmm. I tell you what I did day before yesterday I can remember as old as I am I don't think I've ever seen anything like that before I went down to the store for something was coming back up the road and a big turtle was coming up the road crawling. Down down below here. I started to run over then I said no poor fellow he's gonna he's gonna hunt water somewhere you just going on up the road, highway. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I don't have no idea where he went to. I never did see one out on the highway traffic before in my life Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Uh they go in the sand lay their eggs and I don't know how long it takes 'em to hatch but then they'll hatch and go to water. Usually. I got some springs up there on the beef calf lot and uh I've seen 'em out a lot of times and get 'em out of the spring and they go down in the bottom in the spring you know lay their eggs. Get them bigger ones out. But I never have killed any of 'em, only leave 'em put 'em back. Interviewer: Yeah. What's something similar to that that stays on land? 330: Terrapins? Dry land terrapins? Mm-hmm. Terrapin. Stays out on land. Looks kinda like that turtle Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Little back hard shell on his back. Interviewer: tell me about something that you might find in a um find in a stream that's it's got a little hard shell and it's got these little claws to it. 330: Eel? Interviewer: No it's got it's got a hard shell and claws. If you touched it's only about this big or something it's biggest well maybe it'd get to be this big but you um if you touched it it'll swim away from you {X} tail that'll go under {C: tape distorts} 330: {C: tape distorts} can't imagine what that would be. A eel Interviewer: No okay say say you went and into a stream and picked up a rock what might you find 330: Oh crawfish Interviewer: #1 crawfish # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: yeah crawfish yeah {D: best thing stream or water} {X} springs they'll keep 'em cleaned out for you. They met sometimes they have no {X} the water. Crawfish will. Dig a place dip 'em and turn your water. Interviewer: What do you mean turn your water? 330: Just turn the stream it runs under earth you know water veins just like it runs on the on the top Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And uh sometimes they'll change a stream #1 crawfish # Interviewer: #2 Oh really? # 330: will yeah. They just work I could dig could go down there with concrete boxes for mine by the water comes out then goes in then goes in the reservoir best big {X} things as big setting in there now as big as your fist now. They come up in them pipes and run off in there Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They can't get out. Just live in there. {C: tape overlaid} And as far as I'm concerned they can just stay on Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Don't ever try to get 'em out. Interviewer: What about what about what you'd dig up to go fishing 330: Bait worms. Interviewer: Are there different kinds of those? 330: Well they call 'em a a crawler and uh something else, two different names. Interviewer: What's a crawler look like? 330: It's a it's a a it's a I think it's a I believe that's a little larger bait worm. It is. Some of 'em are smaller, you know, and others are and I believe the crawler is the is the larger one. I believe it is I may have 'em reversed reversed, I don't know. One of 'em is a crawler, and the other is a might be just called a bait worm, I don't know. And they call one of 'em a crawler. I know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Course we bought some the other day went fishing in the lake. I usually go once a year or something take off we went that whole day Monday caught some blue cat and he called 'em crawlers and and I've heard it said sneakers or slickers or something or other {X} we bought two different boxes anyway. That's what we caught our cat with. Interviewer: Um this is something you might find you well you find in the ocean or the gulf it's um it's a little sea animal it's not a fish exactly. It's got 330: Frog fish? Interviewer: No what's a frog fish? 330: I caught one out there in the ocean said there's a frog fish some guy I was afraid to take the thing off, I never seen nothing look like it. Interviewer: What did it blow blow itself up? 330: Uh-huh. #1 That that would be a a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: it it it looks like kinda like a frog part of it and #1 part of it looks like # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: fish Interviewer: Yeah. 330: This one did. And and and I never seen 'em, I told I wouldn't think to take it off the hook this fellow fishing there lived there right below me he'd taken it off. He called it a frog fish, I don't know {X} Interviewer: There's some of those that are poison. That they're they're really dangerous. That they sell to put in aquariums? And I've seen 'em one about two or three inches long, and you could hardly tell he'd just be down at the bottom. But he was really 330: #1 Deadly # Interviewer: #2 {X} # If you stepped on him or something. 330: Deadly part. Interviewer: yeah 330: Well this fellow the man and his wife were fishing right below me Robert he was a boy he'd buy his tobacco with us we would go out there together. And he was sitting right below me then this friend {X} I was staying with he was right up above me. I caught that thing then uh I caught a flounder. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: You should have saw those. #1 Flounder? they eat # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: They eat they're good eating fish. And that was the funniest looking thing that ever I seen in my life. I couldn't get the I was pulling {NS} {X} and got up in the {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And this fellow told me right below me fishermen lived there he said if I let him he'd just land him he's got him out. I was just trying to drag him out. you know with my line. I thought it was gonna be big. And that one that thing didn't like I didn't like the looks of it at all, I never had caught one, never seen one. Interviewer: Both eyes on his 330: {X} On his #1 on that side. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Yeah. How'd you catch him? With a hook? 330: Hook yeah. Interviewer: I've been down Mississippi they go out and they'll a certain time of year they'll come in and you go out in water it's only about knee deep or so and you take your light and and a little spear thing and you just try to jab 'em. 330: You just gig 'em in like we do with #1 frogs. # Interviewer: #2 But you gotta # watch it because you might get a stingray. You know those black things with the tail? They look the same almost, from a distance. 330: I never did I never have had too much dealing with the ocean. I don't aim to have much more dealing with it either Interviewer: #1 Not having a boat # 330: #2 {D: I'm gonna let somebody else} # Interviewer: Trip, huh? 330: Somebody had {X} Interviewer: What about something that you'd buy it's white and it's got a little thin shell on it and the way they catch it is they go out and take these nets drag these nets and catch a lot of 'em. And now you can buy it in a store. Probably frozen. Or if it was fresh it'd have the the shell on it but 330: That that's a crabs? That crab? Interviewer: No I'm thinking of something else. {X} They drag with a net. You could use it for bait, too. 330: Is that right? Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 330: It would be a snail or some kinda thing Interviewer: No I'm thinking of shrimp 330: Shrimp oh it'd be shrimp? Is it shrimp? All the people my boys has crazy things about those everything in the world, I never did {D: care about those} but he he eats 'em every time he goes to town, near about. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Shrimp. Interviewer: You'd go to the store say and ask for two or three pounds of 330: Shrimp. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay now these are some insects um it's a thing they'll fly around a light and try to fly into it. 330: Outside light? Interviewer: If you grab 'em, powder will come off in your hand. 330: That's that's lightning bug. Interviewer: No I'm thinking of something else, so it's attracted to light. So if you left your porch light on outside they'd come up there and fly all around 330: Uh Interviewer: And if you grabbed it this powder would come off you know? 330: And it wouldn't be it ain't lightning bugs it ain't it's a is it some kinda big fly? {X} Interviewer: Sort of I guess 330: Huh? Interviewer: I guess. 330: Sort of like a butterfly? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I know I've seen a great big butterflies like fly around out out there at night now that may not be what you Interviewer: You ever heard of a candle fly or a milner 330: Mm-mm. Yeah. Mm-hmm. Caterpillars candle flies Interviewer: What's a candle fly? 330: Candle fly? That's sort of like uh sorta like that butterfly and caterpillars is a same as a worm like {NS} and eats leaves off fruit trees or any kind of trees if they can get on it. Most stay on fruit trees though. Caterpillars build a nest in there {X} just a big uh looks like a anything else only it's it's a {X} around and they go in it. And build it now and they have a hole to come out of and they'll eat every one of those leaves off the fruit tree if you don't get 'em burn 'em get off of 'em. Pull it off. Kill your trees. Interviewer: What'll get in your wool clothes and eat holes in 'em? 330: Uh moth. Moths. Interviewer: What what would you do to get rid of them? 330: Get moth balls and put in 'em Interviewer: Okay. Um this is something you might find around the oh around damp places, it's it's an insect, it's got two pairs of shiny wings and it's um it's got a long thin beak hard hard beak and it's got well you just find it flying around and around a stream or some place 330: Mosquitos? Interviewer: No it's supposed to eat mosquitos. 330: It is? Interviewer: Yeah. Some people would say this is 330: Hornet? Interviewer: Huh? 330: Hornet? Interviewer: No so this is something people would say that this is a sign that snakes are nearby. 330: Uh {X} sign that snakes is in your barn? Interviewer: Um you ever heard of a snake some kind of insect called snake something snake 330: Lizards? Interviewer: You ever heard of snake doctors? 330: #1 Yeah yeah I've seen snake doctors they say # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: snake doctors is the little black {NS} uh uh looks like a wasp thing flies around out in the lot you know places Interviewer: Uh-huh 330: I've seen 'em all my life. We called 'em snake doctors. Interviewer: Snake doctors. 330: Mm-hmm. That's what I've always #1 called 'em. # Interviewer: #2 How many # wings do they have? 330: Just two. Two wings. Interviewer: Is that the same as do you know what a dragonfly is? 330: {X} a what? Interviewer: Dragonfly? 330: No I never have heard Interviewer: Or mosquito hawk or 330: I I never have seen no mosquitos till I went up there to North Carolina, they like to eat me up out there at night. {D: they had to spray on me} every night Interviewer: Yeah. What kinda insects will sting you? 330: Wasp hornet bee bumblebee and and honeybee and and uh Interviewer: What about something that'll build a nest on the ground? 330: Huh? Interviewer: What about something that'll build a nest 330: That's yellow jackets. Interviewer: Yellow jacket. 330: {NW} {X} they'll eat you up I had 'em right here a bunch of 'em in my yard right here I think it's last year Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And I like never got them things whipped out I had to tear the wall down out there get 'em out and they'd try to eat me up. They kept stinging the children you know grandchildren and they'd carry on so I just tore the wall down {C: tape noise} got 'em got the thingy nest outta there. Great big nest I reckon it was that big back in there and they I think I had 'em {X} had 'em all killed I swear I'd got 'em I getting me a lot of newspapers set the fire and just put it out there then stun 'em up and they'd fly right into that and it'd burn 'em just that Interviewer: #1 quick you know hit 'em # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: and but then then they'd after my newspapers burn up {C: rooster crows} here come more {C: rooster crows} {X} bring some in there to eat 'em feed 'em you know Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And then what would would get me oh they fight you and bite you {C: rooster crows} and sting too I guess the yellow jacket is the worst thing you'd have to deal with. The way they sting you, bite you. Interviewer: What about something that might build a nest at the corner of a barn or something? 330: Wasps. Corner of the barn. Interviewer: What was that? 330: Wasp. Red wasp. Build a nest all over Interviewer: yeah 330: barn they do up in he barn. They sting, too. Interviewer: How many how many of them would say be in a nest? 330: Wasps? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They fill that nest full of their eggs and they hatch. It's a great big they'll I've seen 'em as big as my two hands {X} if you don't tear 'em down. I try to keep 'em tear 'em down. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I don't know how many they would hatch if you didn't tear it down but I've had 'em all and I've seen 'em in trees hanging in trees as big as your head. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: but anymore we put in hay you got to be put ticks don't they'll eat you up up in there. They only rafters where they build 'em you know tin sheet something or other {X} in the top of the barn, where they usually try to build 'em. Now you may be talking about something else Interviewer: No that's what I was thinking of. Have you ever been stung by one? 330: Yeah makes you sometimes it makes you sick enough to die. Some people Annie's got a brother had to carry him to the doctor every time one stings him, just goes out. But they never did they hurt but I mean they never have bo- they'll swell me up if they sting me in the face, or on the hand further way up but other than that I never did Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Always just get something put on it. Interviewer: And you call those 330: Wasps. Interviewer: Okay. What about something that'll build a little mud nest? 330: A mud nest? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Is that a kind of a bee like you're talking about #1 or is it # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: about a bird? Interviewer: Sort of a bee. 330: A bee? That's a a Interviewer: Like on the other side of a rock or something you have a big old rock in like those little cones sort of {X} 330: pardon like I said that yellow jacket builds in the ground or rocks or tree in a hole #1 tree hole or # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: something or other like that, but you want something else Interviewer: It's kind of a wasp, I guess. 330: A yellow jacket is looks kind of like one {C: tape noise} stripe across his body. {C: tape noise} Yellow jacket got a lot of just full of stripes. He's not quite as big as a wasp he's a little #1 smaller. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # This thing'll take pull dirt 330: Oh that dirt dauber. Interviewer: Dirt dauber. 330: {NW} Dirt daubers, yeah. {NW} yeah they build nests uh {X} #1 thing # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: yeah but what I what I had in mind was a there's a bird, too barn swallows. Interviewer: Oh really? 330: Yeah. They build they got a nest down there in over one of my lights in the barn. {X} I know they raise 'em every year, might raise twice a year. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They already done build a nest over that light but build it again, I tear 'em down every fall. But they raise that once or twice every year. And it looks sort of pretty much like a chimney sweeper. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They go in there and get this mud and they come up there and they just just smear it on. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Rub it on. And they'll keep on till they get it fixed like they want and then they lay eggs in it the mother'll lay eggs in there and they hatch out. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And she'll get up there and sit up on that light and feed them birds. Beats anything I ever seen. That nest'll get bigger she take some leaves chimney sweeper will come up in that chimney they probably {X} build some nests regular chimney sweepers up in my chimney. Usually do every summer. I have 'em fall down pick 'em up and throw 'em out Interviewer: Do dirt daubers sting you? 330: Uh-uh, they won't sting you. Never had no {X} Interviewer: Talking about something that you might get on you if you went blackberry picking a little tiny red thing 330: {NW} ah little ol' chiggers. Now that's something pretty rough Interviewer: Is it? 330: Yeah they they scratch you to death now {D: do me I} that's what we gonna have nothing {X} our blackberries have been history I guess course it you know it takes {X} to make 'em {X} {X} it's good I bought a a big jar of blackberry jam yesterday now we've been eating it some I bought I hadn't picked any berries I have a daughter lives in Memphis she every July they take a when her husband get three weeks of vacation and they take one in July one in Christmas one in Thanksgiving. And uh he comes and {X} usually but then the berries last year they dried up at the wrong time they by the time there wasn't any {X} wasn't many of 'em either last year. But now there's an {D: awful lot} of 'em this year. Some don't {X} I like I like the jam and I like the berries, too. Jelly, anything. I really like it jelly. Plums, we have plum trees, I got some {X} wild ones but now they year before last I bet I had fifty bushels of plums. Last year we didn't have any. This time there's there's just killed 'em all, practically, but there's a few scattered left I believe they're gonna be {X} Interviewer: Anything on your what? 330: Faulty, no good. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They just drop off. They I notice they're dropping off now. I don't believe we're gonna have any kind of fruit. At all Interviewer: Yeah. This is an insect that um hops around in the grass 330: Grasshoppers? Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever hear that called hopper grass? 330: Hopper grass? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well I don't know I don't know that I ever heard it called hopper grass but I know about that grasshopper hops around Interviewer: Yeah. What about a small fish that you might use for bait? 330: Just a little bitty minnows Interviewer: Okay. 330: I have {X} for free uh used to be one fellow did dead now, died several years ago. Used to come every year before he went fishing a lot he had a little minnow net he'd go down here in my creek he'd catch a great big sackful of it and take off be gone fishing three or four days and nights. Really get 'em. I guess that's what you referring #1 to # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: course we {X} crawfish like 'em too you know you could go in lakes and catch crawfish {X} I've been uh those Interviewer: Um say if you hadn't cleaned a room in a long time 330: Hadn't done what? Interviewer: If you hadn't cleaned a room in a long time up in the ceiling in the corner you might find a 330: Webs? Spider webs? Interviewer: Spider web? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is that another name for that? 330: Well some of 'em might call might call 'em cobwebs, I I believe I've heard people call 'em cobwebs Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I always called 'em just webs spiders build 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. Are there spiders living in it then? 330: Yeah I guess they do {D: if you hang it up there} Interviewer: What do you call it when it's outside? Same thing? 330: Mm-hmm yeah I reckon they do build 'em outside you'll see 'em they'll build 'em at night. I've seen 'em put 'em up at night tear 'em down the next morning they'll be up there again. But they'll put 'em back that night, I don't know how they do it. But they do it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: One night they'll build 'em right back. Around the barn Interviewer: Um the part of the tree that's underneath the ground what do you call those? The 330: The root. Interviewer: Okay um I think I asked you this, so whether or not you use some roots for medicine 330: Mm-hmm. Make herbs out of it uh {C: tape noise} I don't know they dig 'em {C: tape noise} I forget what what they call 'em what kind you dig or sassafras roots sa- or saffron make tea dig roots you know have you ever drink {D: sarsaparilla} tea Interviewer: Uh-uh. 330: Well they make they make it I don't like it I've tasted it lot of folks though do drink the stuff instead of drinking tea in the wintertime, and coffee drink {D: sassafras tea} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Dig up them roots and boil 'em and get make tea out of it. And this now and then there's something else you said about there's another kind of something else? Got in mind except for sassafras? Interviewer: No I was just wondering whatever you know you can you know think of, whatever kinds of roots that you remember 330: That's the only root that I know of. It makes makes tea, but uh they they've got they've got another a root uh something that that they get make some kinda medicine out of it. Interviewer: Ginseng? 330: Well the ginseng is {X} I forget how much a pound they do get for it but uh that might have something to do with it, but seems to me like there's another one Interviewer: Yellow root? 330: That don't sound right maybe there might I'm thinking there was another root {NS} Interviewer: {X} you ever heard of squaw vine or {D: sorrow root} 330: Uh no I don't believe I ever have heard Interviewer: Okay you know the kind of tree that you tap for syrup 330: Sugar tree Interviewer: What if you had a group of these growing together? 330: Sugar trees? Interviewer: Yeah a whole a big group of these. 330: What if I had 'em? Interviewer: Yeah what would you call that? 330: Grove maple grove. Interviewer: Okay. And what what are some of the common trees around here? 330: Around here {D: loafers} elms beech hickory willow and uh uh sweet gum we used to have a chestnut {C: tape noise} we don't now don't have anymore well there's a few scattered now get scattered through the country very few. I guess that's about all I they I'm sure there's more of 'em I recall a poplar Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Walnut Interviewer: What about a a tree that's got um it's a shade tree that's got long white limbs and scaly bark it's got these little knobs of balls on it 330: Scaly bark tree? Scaly they called it scaly bark? Uh hickory. #1 Scaly bark hickory # Interviewer: #2 what about # #1 This one # 330: #2 {D: we had we called} # Interviewer: that's got little um balls on it about this big 330: Well now that that's a a {D: wait just a minute now} hickory tree, I call it. Hickory. Interviewer: What about syc- sycamore? 330: Huh? #1 Sycamore # Interviewer: #2 sycamore # 330: yeah we have sycamores. Mm-hmm that's what you were speaking about? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I didn't recall 'em. Yeah. Sycamore grows in water. By water. Wherever you wherever you see a sycamore tree there's water ain't very far {X} don't know whether you knew it or not #1 or been told but # Interviewer: #2 no I- # 330: whenever you find a sycamore tree growing, you dig down, you'll get water won't be far from it. Be water close to it. They won't grow on up land where it's dry. Interviewer: Okay um what kind of tree did George Washington cut down? 330: Cherry tree. Interviewer: Okay um this is a shrub or bush it's got it's sort of tall, it's got it turns bright red in the fall you might find it along fences um it's got little clusters of berries on it 330: Um say it's got has b- b- ha- berries puts out berries? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Uh would it be blue uh blueberries? Interviewer: Little red berries 330: Red berry? Interviewer: Some people can't eat 'em. Um it's it's a shrub or bush and the leaves turn bright red in the fall and you might find it along a fence or a road growing on a fence it's got little red bunches of 330: Little red bud at the top Interviewer: Bunch 330: #1 Bunch. # Interviewer: #2 little # 330: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # little red berries 330: Dog dogwood? Interviewer: No I'm thinking of {D: soo or shoe} {X} 330: Huh? Interviewer: Sumac or sumac 330: Sumac? There's a sumac. They have a tassel on it but I didn't see know it had any berries on it dogwood has berries on it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But you don't eat 'em. And this one this one you talking about has berries that people eat? Interviewer: I don't think people can eat 'em. I don't know. Some folks {X} 330: Well um there is a there is a smaller one that has berries and they get black out there turn black and they call 'em {D: halls} I I've eat those the berries I like 'em. Interviewer: Never heard of those. 330: Well I've eaten many of those. Berries {D: halls} good I think Interviewer: What kind of bush does that grow on? 330: It's small, not too big tree small little Interviewer: What's the name of the tree? 330: Uh we call 'em {D: haws} #1 Haw # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: trees I guess we call it. Just a berry #1 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: I've eaten many of 'em Interviewer: What other kind of berries 330: Hmm? Interviewer: What other kind of berries are there? 330: Well I guess that you mean what other kinda berries are there that just a berry? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well blackberries and raspberries and and uh gooseberries and strawberries Interviewer: Okay Um this is a kind of bush what kind of bush or vines will make your your skin break out if you touch it? 330: Poison oak. Interviewer: What does that look like? How many leaves does it 330: It's just a little {X} leaf Interviewer: A little what? 330: Forked leaf little forked leaf looks like a {X} pretty much like a grapevine only it's different like #1 it's # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: they'll break out on you I've had break out all over me and it gets I've seen I believe {X} kill some people gets it on 'em don't get something done body yeah I've seen several got in terrible shape. By getting it on their body, you know go all over. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I have some a little out there on my wall, I try to clean it all out last year my grandchildren got to getting out there playing got it on 'em Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I took down and pulled it out dug it out but I think it's a little bit more come back out there. {X} Well just nuisance you know you don't need part no {X} Interviewer: Anything else like that? 330: No that's the only kind of well course we have grapevines Interviewer: Yeah 330: Wild grapevines you know summer and winter {D: they put my} they run up trees #1 have have # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: grape fall of year on 'em just the vine then they have a vine here sat out on these highways I don't know what they call that. you know the whole land you've seen 'em I know land keep watching on the highways they look like sweet potato leaves growing only they just cover the whole country up keep all the dirt hill {X} looks like a sweet potato leaf on 'em Interviewer: I think I know what you're talking about. 330: You you've seen 'em #1 I expect. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Do they just sort of take over? 330: I know down yeah uh they put 'em on these I think start 'em on these places where their water little highways and it's you know {X} or something they set 'em out and they just wrap up that take that whole side of the road highway Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I think I've seen down in west Tennessee they have down in there {X} it just everywhere {D: everywhere you go through} {D: is a little grade I saw} it's leveled, it ain't like {X} them places is just just grows up all over the country there prettiest sight you ever seen, look like sweet potato leaves Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But they'll hold your land always had some {X} creeper of mine breaking off sliding off creep go some other way I'm gonna have to have something done about it this summer. Interviewer: Um say if you were walking through the woods and saw some berries and you didn't know what kind they were you might tell someone you better be careful now, those berries might be 330: Poison. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Yeah there there's a berry I'd say I've always heard there's spots of 'em {X} little girl {D: mother we had now} in the yard had a little red berry, looks pretty much like a strawberry Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And it's called {X} {D: uh Mister John that's} that's wild strawberries, they're good. Them good, says ain't no harm in them I said Dee you better not eat that thing, that thing's poison. I been told that my whole life I see 'em I've seen some here in my yard. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They I've always heard they'll kill you. And he thought they just plain old wild strawberries I said no {X} there is a wild strawberry grows in the woods but that that thing is is uh always heard my all my life it's poison. Been told that told all my life it's poison. I wouldn't want to eat one I can pull up a little vine out there in the yard and show you. I {X} some out there in my yard {X} in my yard I know some of 'em. Interviewer: What do they look like? 330: Just look like little red strawberry. They they uh strawberry the berry comes on 'em when they get bigger now the vine looks like a strawberry vine Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {C: tape overlaid} just exactly like the other {C: tape noise} if you didn't know the difference that's what did someone told me said yeah them wild strawberries I know Mister John {X} they're good. They're better than the ones we buy. I just yeah a lot of 'em is my my father used to buy 'em had an old fellow in North Carolina he'd pick six eight gallon every year out in the woods and bring down sell 'em to my father Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Fifty cents a gallon then. When I was a little fellow and the best berries in the world. Course they didn't get no bigger than end of your finger there maybe not hardly that big but they're as sweet as sugar you know. I think that old son he picks 'em every night Interviewer: Um this is a kind of bush or shrub it's got um I think it'll grow along water, along a stream. And it's got pink and white flowers on it. Clusters of flowers. Pink and white. 330: Pink pink and white flowers on the bush Interviewer: Yeah clusters of it. And it blooms in the late spring. 330: Late spring. Dogwoods? Interviewer: No I'm thinking of you ever heard of laurel or ivy or spoonwood or something like that? 330: I I've heard of ivy growing in in the woods Interviewer: What's what's that? 330: It's got it has a big bloom on it it's a vine like runs up a tree Interviewer: Yeah. It's in it's a bush though. 330: That's what I say I Interviewer: You never heard mountain laurel, or laurel, or spoon {X} or spoonwood, something like that? 330: No, I never heard of it in this country I don't know may be some #1 but I've never # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: heard of it. Interviewer: You ever heard rhododendron? 330: {D: dendron} Interviewer: Rhododendron. 330: Uh-uh. Never have heard of that. Interviewer: Okay this is a large tree it's got shiny leaves and big white flowers on it it's a big old tree. And I know there are some around here. It's got it leaves a prickly seed pod about the size and shape of a cucumber. It's got these big white flowers on it though. Do you know what that's called? 330: It's you big large tree? Interviewer: Yeah. It'll grow to be real big. I mean it you see some of 'em that are real old. 330: {C: tape overlaid} {D: Well I just to tell you} well I don't know what Interviewer: You ever heard of magnolia 330: #1 Yeah yeah # Interviewer: #2 or cucumber tree? # 330: I've heard of magnolia tree heard of it Interviewer: Does that sound like what 330: Probably is, I never did I don't ever know what one was but I've heard of magnolia trees. Interviewer: Yeah. You ever heard of cucumber tree or cow cumber? 330: No. Never heard of it. Interviewer: Okay um if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something, she'd say I have to ask 330: My husband. Interviewer: Okay. Any other way she'd refer to him? 330: Well I'd have to get his advice his advice about it or something before she'd make up her mind, Interviewer: yeah 330: {D: something about that} Interviewer: And if he was talking about her, he'd say I have to ask 330: My wife. Interviewer: Okay. A woman huh? 330: Before I do it, I'll just ask my wife. Interviewer: Okay a woman who's lost her husband is called a 330: Widow Interviewer: Okay. What if he just left her? 330: Well it'd be a a if he just left her she'd be as a left her uh {X} called it Interviewer: Okay. 330: That's what I called it. grass widow Interviewer: yeah 330: is that what it's called? Interviewer: Yeah. Um okay the man whose son you are is called your 330: Daddy Interviewer: Okay. How else did you call him? Or how else do people call their father? 330: Father. They call him Pappy Papa Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And and daddy. Interviewer: What his wife would be your 330: Mother Interviewer: How do you call her? 330: Call her mama mother Interviewer: Okay. Um any other things people would call it? 330: Hmm? Interviewer: Any other ways people would call their mother? 330: Uh mammy I've heard some call 'em mammy Interviewer: Yeah? 330: You hardly ever hear one, but I've heard some call 'em mammy. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay um and together your father and mother would be called your 330: Parents. Interviewer: Okay. And your father's father would be your 330: Grand grandfather. Interviewer: Okay how is how did you call him? 330: Granddaddy Interviewer: Okay. And his wife would be your 330: Grandmother. Interviewer: And you'd call her 330: Grandma. Interviewer: Okay. Um this is something on wheels you can put a baby in and it'll lie down 330: Baby buggy Interviewer: Okay. Does that have that little hood on it? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay you put the baby in the buggy then you go out and 330: Carry him out Interviewer: And what 330: Pushing him in the carriage like a little buggy Interviewer: What'd you call that? You'd go out and what the baby? Go out and 330: In a in a in a well it's a carriage like I'd call it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 330: What you'd push 'em in, little buggy like have wheels on it you push 'em out Interviewer: Yeah. You say you go out and push the baby? 330: Mm-hmm push 'em in it, can't you? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Ones I've seen. Interviewer: You say you ride the baby or {X} the baby 330: I I I rode the baby in my in the buggy I reckon you'd call it a carriage or whatever you want. Whatever we called it. Interviewer: Okay you might say you have a son or a 330: Got a son Interviewer: and 330: daughter. Interviewer: Okay or a boy and a 330: A girl. Interviewer: Okay. If a woman were gonna have a baby you'd say that she's 330: Expecting. Interviewer: Okay. Any other expressions people would use for that? 330: For the baby? Interviewer: For if she was gonna have a baby. 330: Well pregnant I guess you'd say Interviewer: Okay did they say that when you were growing up? Did they use that word? 330: Well I I I guess they did, or I never heard any when I was a little fellow, I never did hear nobody talk like that #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: when I grew up. It ain't like that now you see you hear it on the television the somebody say something about that every night {X} you know but I never did hear anything about people woman when she got pregnant was gonna have her baby or something never would know anything about it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} But that's what we always called it. Pregnant {X} some of 'em say old people say some about it wives was gonna have a baby or expecting something or other, I {D: rare} might have heard that {D: rare} Interviewer: Yeah say if you didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby this woman that you might send for be called a