461: We had what you called the split rail fence. And then we had uh the regular hog wire fence. This was wide just like this here. We called that hog wire. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Some people calls it the web wire. Now I mean I know it as well it's still hog wire and web wire I guess. But then we had what we call a picket fence. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: This was a board it was about this wide. Interviewer: About three to four inches? 461: Right three to four inches that was split out of different types of wood. Either pine wood or cypress wood mostly cypress. And we had two strands of wire it was just a slick wire. On top and we you twist it and put this thick board down Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: through the top and then down through the bottom and then you twist that wire and then put another one see there was twist and it stood stood uh vertical see. Now you it it took some time and labor to build a fence a long time ago. Getting all you rails and now these picket #1 fences. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # was the picket pointed up at the top or? 461: Uh some but uh around the yards they would do this to make it look uh you know a little bit better but in the {D: On 95th that's a graveyard} They if they had any uh design at all on top it was just a coincidence they didn't try to finish it off at the top because it would take too much time and really not that much you see. Interviewer: What about um something about um fence made out of wood but it's nailed together instead of um woven? Instead of up against our {D:light}. 461: I don't know Interviewer: Do you ever see black fence or {X} fence. 461: I've seen it. Interviewer: What? Would you say that out loud? 461: {X} Interviewer: And what about a fence that they have now um well you've got out there you've got dreads of this kind of wire. So it'll it kept your 461: Barbed wire? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: We didn't call it barbed we called it bobs uh it's barb B-A-R-B but we called it B-O-B. Bob wire. Interviewer: Uh-huh if you're gonna set up a barbed wire fence say you have to dig holes for the? 461: Posts. Interviewer: and uh if what would you call the {X} you you'd have to nail the the 461: Staple. Interviewer: Yeah you'd have to nail the the wire to the? 461: Post. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and um talking about several of them you say you would need several? 461: Posts. Interviewer: Okay did you ever see a fence or wall made out of loose rock or stone? 461: I've seen it but we I never had any uh experience with it. Interviewer: What would you call it? 461: I don't know just what you'd call it. I've talked to uh {X} but one that's got a name I I just don't have any experience with that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now before the use of reconstruction we called it Interviewer: And um you ought to make a hen start laying what might you put in her nest to cool her? 461: What is that? Interviewer: If you want to make a hen start laying what might you put in her nest to cool her? 461: I never have tried. Interviewer: Did you ever see putting sort of artificial egg in 461: No. Interviewer: You haven't heard of a china egg or anything like that? What did you use to um carry water in? 461: Jug bucket Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Not a pail. Interviewer: What's the difference between a bucket and a pail? 461: None at all. Interviewer: Which which did you usually call it? 461: I always called it bucket. Interviewer: Uh-huh What did you milk in? 461: Bucket. Interviewer: And um something that you might have in in the kitchen to put scraps and dish water for the hog slop? 461: Oh uh slop bucket. Interviewer: Mm-kay And so what did you use to cook in? 461: Uh pots? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: skillets Interviewer: Did you ever see something with little legs on it? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you remember what they call it? 461: I don't remember what they call it. I wish I never had any excuse for cooking on one of those. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I know what you're talking about but I don't {X} Interviewer: What is a skillet? 461: Was a it was made out of the the thicker material Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: that we'd bake the corns on in. {X} Or either fry would deep fry on top the stove this was a skillet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Where you put peas in water with a lid on that's a pot. Now then uh there was two kinds of that you had what you call this uh oaks {X} pot we called it. It was uh made out of the same type of material as a skillet but it had a lid on it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And it boiled stuff and see it was still a pot but it was skillets {X} I'd say where you'd bake uh where you put next to a real hot fire open. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: {X} Interviewer: Is a skillet what you'd use now? What you call the thing you use now? 461: I I call it I still call it skillet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you ever hear of 461: Or frying pan so uh I I I use maybe if we used uh uh probably back in those days uh I imagine the more common we used more of the both of um you probably sound like probably uh just uh oh uh frying pan pan excuse me. Jackie? AUX1: {X} 461: go into the shed barn door close you out go see the horses eat the feed. AUX1: What? 461: Go close the barn door. I forgot about it there's horses in there eating the feed. AUX1: {D: What you mean?} 461: Yeah I was cleaning the barn out Interviewer: They can kill themselves with all that. 461: What's that? Interviewer: Horses can kill themselves with all that feed choking. Did you ever hear of something called a spider? 461: Spider? Interviewer: Mm-hmm What was that? I mean as a as a cooking. Not the skillet but. 461: Yeah I've heard of that. I I don't know I didn't hear enough about it to uh associate it with myself. But I have heard that word. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 461: #2 {X} # Interviewer: different {X} Um say if you were setting the table you next to each plate you give everyone a to eat with you give everyone a? 461: Fork and spoon. Interviewer: Or a fork and spoon and a? 461: {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh and 461: We didn't use I'm gonna tell you Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: uh now we would uh well nowadays we'd be able to set it. I guess you'd call it. Everything {X} Uh when I was coming up well you'd put a fork and spoon and the knife it very uncommon so that's why the way I was raised if you had a fork and spoon it was it was a setting if you had a fork and a spoon. Interviewer: But now days uh if you were serving steak and it wasn't very tender you'd have to put out steak? 461: Knives. Interviewer: And um say if the dishes were dirty you'd say I have to? 461: Wash the dishes. Interviewer: And um say after she washes the dishes then she what through water? 461: Rinses. Interviewer: #1 And # 461: #2 Now we had # Interviewer: #1 # 461: #2 # Uh now I had learned the word rinsed W-R-E-N-C-E them in the water Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: {X} Interviewer: #1 How did people used to say it? # 461: #2 Wrence. # W-R-E-N-C-E Interviewer: Uh-huh and um the proper rag you'd use if you're washing dishes? 461: Dish rag Interviewer: And to dry them? 461: {X} Interviewer: And um the little cloth you use to bathe your face with? 461: Wash rag. Interviewer: And to dry yourself? 461: Towel Interviewer: And um you mentioned um that you used to have a um uh to turn on the water at the sink you turn on the {NW} And uh 461: Nowadays you talking about what I do now? Now like I said then we didn't have those uh Interviewer: Uh-huh nowadays the stuff that what about something in the garden that you could hook the hose up to? 461: Spicket. Interviewer: Okay and um say um a water barrel what what would you call a {X}? 461: I don't know just what I'd say that was unless Interviewer: Do you know what 461: Knob Interviewer: Uh-huh do you know a name for something you you could turn? I was wondering if you call that a spicket or 461: Yeah yeah or a water cooler sometimes. Interviewer: {X} your spicket to it? 461: Right Interviewer: And um you check a {X} a stand of lard. 461: Lard? Interviewer: Or a stand of anything? 461: Oh yeah yeah. Okay now that's just like when I plant my turnips or corn. It don't matter what it is. If you plant some seed and they come up somebody walked down and looked and said I didn't get a very good stand or either I got a good stand determine on the amount of plant that the seed uh germinated to come up is a stand. But now lard I never hear a stand of lard. Interviewer: You never heard of a stand in place of a container? 461: Oh uh well Interviewer: And um say if you wanted to pour something like water into a narrow mouth container you'd pour it through a? 461: Uh funnel. Interviewer: Okay and um if you cut some flowers and you were gonna keep it in the house you'd put them in a? 461: Put some flowers bouquet. Interviewer: What what would you put them in the container? You call that? 461: Now I'm gonna tell you what we do now now I know that we put them in a flower pot. But this is Interviewer: Did you call it a pot if if they were cut flowers? 461: Yeah Interviewer: Mm-kay what about another word for that? 461: Jar? Interviewer: Or it starts with a V? 461: Vase? Interviewer: Do do you use that? 461: But I never say it that way. Now I would think maybe my wife would but I would probably the jar {X} And I'll tell you what cause long time ago we did that see we used to cut some flowers and we'd have bouquets like through the day. But we didn't have a vase then we'd have to go get an old fruit jar. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Put them in a jar. And nowadays I'm just associating with we gonna cut some flowers and you need to get a jar to put them in. {NW} Interviewer: And um did people ever raise cane around here? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: What did they raise it for? 461: Syrup. Interviewer: Did you did you ever see that made? 461: Yes. Right up the road here. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: The fellow be making some might even be making it now. Interviewer: Oh really? 461: Yeah It won't be long they get the big cane patch right over there. Interviewer: How did they how did they make the syrup? 461: Oh a long time ago see they used to have these cane mills. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: And a mule would pull it around somehow horse and then one fellow had an old car he'd pull his around with. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But #1 generally # Interviewer: #2 He had an old car? # 461: He he did {X} but he pulled it with an old car. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: But pull it with a mule or horse. And they'd get the cane juice and boil it you know just how the over heat. Interviewer: What would they boil it in? 461: Uh certain kettle kettle. We we didn't call it kettle we called it a kettle. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 461: It was a certain kettle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: It's a big uh pan looking thing you know I'm I'm just saying this to maybe you may know what it's a certain kettle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And they would boil it in a particular got a certain people's style. No, but I don't know anything about art of cane making. Much about it but generally speaking I got the idea. Interviewer: What about um something similar to syrup? Or maybe it's just another name for syrup? 461: Molasses. Interviewer: Now what's the difference? 461: I don't know. Uh I've heard very few times now the common name and it was uh what we used all the time was syrup. But I did hear the word molasses inserted and used back in those days sometimes uh But we never did pay any attention {X} but the co-common name for it was syrup. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Cane syrup. Interviewer: Did you ever of the expression long sweetening and short sweet? And um say if you were driving horses and wanted to go faster you'd hit them with a? 461: Uh you wanted one to go faster? Interviewer: Mm-hmm You might hit them with a? 461: Well a whip. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about oxen would you use the whip on them? And um say if the if the lamp on the porch light was burning you might screw in the new? 461: Bulb Interviewer: Uh-huh there was a full name for that would be? 461: What is that? Interviewer: Or the full whole name for that 461: #1 Light bulb # Interviewer: #2 But what kind of # Huh? 461: Screw in the new light bulb. Interviewer: Uh-huh and um something that um say if you take corn to the mill to be ground um would you have any expression referring to the amount of corn that you take at one time? 461: Yes like a bushel or a peck. Interviewer: Uh-huh but say something um do you ever get an expression turn of corn 461: A ton. Interviewer: A turn T-U-R-N 461: No uh but I have heard that expression used now. When you said turn that means that that you have about as much as you could carry it was your uh well the capacity you could carry. Uh I had a turn of wood. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Like I used to uh have to uh carry uh this stove wood from the wood pile to what we kept near the stove. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: My grandma would say go get me a turn of wood well I knew what she meant was to go get as much as I could carry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Any 461: that was like T-U-R-N. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 461: #2 {X} # Interviewer: any other way that expression is used turn? 461: Uh she said tote we'd say tote. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Could you tote that some? That means could I carry it. Interviewer: Uh-huh When you talk about tote do you get that idea that your arms have to be around it? #1 or # 461: #2 right # right Interviewer: You wouldn't talk about toting a briefcase 461: Uh Interviewer: or something with a handle. 461: Seem like it'd have to be something this way. Interviewer: Uh-huh and um 461: And turn would be the same way I would think yeah. Interviewer: A turn of something would be 461: You'd have to have it this way. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: {X} to carry that would be load. Interviewer: If you just got it on your shoulder that would be a load? 461: That's right. Interviewer: And um if someone didn't have a a full load of of wood on his wagon you'd say he just had a? 461: Piece. Interviewer: Okay and um when you carry the wash out to hang it on the line you might carry it out in a? Clothes? 461: Well we had a basket. Interviewer: Mm-kay and um this is something that um what runs around a barrel that holds the {X} 461: {D: hooks} Interviewer: Mm-kay and this is something like a barrel only a little bit smaller. 461: Keg Interviewer: And um 461: Now that's what I was talking about awhile ago. Interviewer: Is it gum? 461: Yeah. Now the word gum was used I would say now listen maybe this is what it was. And and I detected that a gum was something that was made out of a log now. You see? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Whereas a keg was an art- I mean was uh uh commercially made Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Well I won't say commercially but it was something that was made uh by pieces of stuff. Whereas a a gum G-U-M Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: a tobacco gum was a just a hollow log cut off two or three feet and boxed at one end well that press to be put on that's how you press tobacco. Interviewer: Mm-hmm So a gum and a keg were about the same size? 461: Uh a gum and a keg? Interviewer: The gum 461: No {X} a keg was just a small barrel really but a gum was all together different. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and um if you open the bottom and then you wanted to close it back up so the liquid wouldn't spill out you'd stick uh? 461: Well now I'll tell you what we would stopper. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What would that be made out of? 461: Usually cork. Interviewer: And uh 461: Uh in in in most cases no uh you talking about the other kind {D: that I was cutting up?} Interviewer: Mm-hmm Or if there's been any difference you know 461: Oh well now listen there was a about as common maybe cork was common but uh wood was common like the way you make stoppers out of wood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Then you had then you had corn cobs to make stoppers. Interviewer: Corn cobs to make stoppers? 461: Kerosene You know they used to have to carry kerosene to the woods to put on his saw when his saw's about to be uh across that saw Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: They'd have to take kerosene to put on that saw to keep that gum that turpentine from gumming it up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But I have here I have seen corn cobs used as stoppers and wood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And cork Interviewer: And so 461: Probably cork was the most common. Interviewer: Something that you used to pound nails 461: Uh we talking we're not talking about a mallet. Interviewer: Not the thing that I'm Um this is a musical instrument that you blow like this? 461: Harp. Interviewer: Any other names for that? What about something that would 461: I heard about that's a that's a Jew's harp. Now listen that we know I I knew that and I thought that's what it was was a juice J-U-I-C-E. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: A juice harp. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: but uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: but uh That's how a what I know a Jew's harp. Interviewer: And um talk about the wagon. You have a wagon and two horses the long wooden piece that comes between the horses? 461: Turn. Interviewer: And if you have a horse with a buggy you'd you'd back the horse between the? 461: Shafts. Interviewer: And um talk about the parts of the wagon wheel start with the inside you'll have the hub and the spokes would come out and they'll fit into the? 461: Um ring? Interviewer: Mm-hmm was that is that the wooden part now? 461: No I don't know I can't recall that right now. I the rim is that metal on the outside. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But that piece of wood right now I can't recall. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of felly or feller? 461: What? Interviewer: Felly or feller? 461: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 {X} # and um the thing that the wheels fit into? That goes um across 461: The axle. Interviewer: And um if you have a horse hitched to a wagon you traces come back and hook on to the? 461: Singletree. Interviewer: And if you have two horses? 461: I don't know why but different people pronounce things differently like the T's uh okay uh the S's you know used to they used to pronounce {X} it wasn't picture it was picture Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: picture instead of but now getting back to that singletree Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I know now it's just a singletree Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: but then I thought it was a swingletree. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Uh and uh I don't know but uh for years I'd say they hook it to the swingletree. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what about um if you had two singletrees? Then you a two horses that each one had a singletree then you'd also have a? 461: I don't know what that's Interviewer: Did you ever hear double? 461: Doubletrees? Interviewer: Uh-huh what what is there 461: well we never did have a double team but I'm sure that's what it would be. Because that work it'd be you'd have to associate that and use it with them a double team and we never did have that. We always had single teams. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um say if a man had a load of wood in his wagon he was driving along you'd say that he was? 461: A man had a load of wood in his wagon? Interviewer: Well would you say is drawing or carting or hauling the wood? 461: Hauling. Interviewer: Okay and um say if there was a log across the road you'd say I tied a chain to it and I? What it out of the way? 461: Drug it out. Interviewer: And you say we have what with these logs out of the road? 461: Drug? Interviewer: Or you'd say um you have to tie a chain around #1 them in order # 461: #2 Now then # we we I would say that we drug Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: {X} the logs out of the road Interviewer: Mm-hmm Is there any difference in what you say now or? 461: Oh yeah. I say we dragged it. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Now but uh I I didn't say we drug uh I I wouldn't tell anybody now that I drug a tree out of the road now. Interviewer: You'd say we? 461: I dragged Interviewer: What about if say I have? {NW} Huh? 461: I have Interviewer: What would you say now? I have 461: Dragged Interviewer: Uh-huh and you say you have to? 461: I know now that if we drug a tree I drug it as much as {X} Interviewer: {NW} 461: But then I know so we did we we used the the uh drug many a tree out the road. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: I saw well he drug a tree out of the road. I drug a tree out of the road. Interviewer: Uh-huh Or you might say you have to tie a chain around it in order to? 461: Get it out. Interviewer: And um you mentioned uh um some plow could you tell me the different about the different types of plows that you had. 461: We got the steel beam. It was a turning plow. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But then well I didn't know that was a term I used steel beam. You know I knew I knew what kind of work it would do. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: We had a what we call a joe harrow. It had teeth with harrow then we had uh {D: flams} Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: and a few animals. {X} Interviewer: Was there um different types of {X} {NS} 461: The only thing I know of was the {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: one type of plow I got one of them. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of anything called a go devil? {X} And uh say if you wanted to to chop a log up you might put it in a frame a maybe an egg-shaped frame? 461: {X} or used and I know what's not if you have some words that are associated with that I'll tell you. Interviewer: Well something like rag to {X} 461: Yeah Interviewer: Was that is that the egg-shaped? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: What about the H H-frame roof ? Would you did you need two of them and you could lay a board across 461: I don't I don't know what we used on that. {X} I would say a A frame. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 461: Any type with uh whether it was metal or wood I mean the shape that way is just A-frame. {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh And say you you screw in your chair using a cone and a or I would use a cone and a? 461: Brush Interviewer: And probably say use that out there for the? 461: Brush. Interviewer: And um you sharpen a straight blade on a leather? 461: Leather that's the strap. But back then it was strap. Interviewer: What about um something that they put in a pistol? 461: Most of the time then it was a shell. You got a shell for this pistol {X} shell. Now though it's a bullet. {X} Bullet uh back then most confident I guess it was maybe young boys but all the words that I'd use when they want are gun shells. You know that's a that's a that's a gun shell. They're associated with pistols of any kind. Interviewer: Mm 461: But shell. Interviewer: Something that that children would play like you take a board and play the carpet shuffle and they throw it on the ground 461: It's Interviewer: Any old fashioned name for that? It can stop and control the flame all day say that they? 461: I I I'll tell you it's it's Interviewer: Okay and um you ever see something that you take the board and anchor it in the middle and then 461: We would call it a {X} Interviewer: Mm-kay And um what about something you tie a a long rope to a tree limb and put a seat on it and make a? 461: A swing? Interviewer: Mm-hmm and um did you ever see taking a board and fixing it down at both ends and the children would jump on it? 461: Yeah that's uh we called it a jump board and I think it's jumping jack or something. Is that where one kid would jump here and one here on uh would be laying across a log? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: It's a jump board. Interviewer: And um something you could be used to carry coal in would be called a? You know what runs from the stove to the chimney? What you'd call that? 461: The flue? Interviewer: Well from the kitchen to the stove. 461: Stove pipe? Interviewer: Okay and this is something that you can use to um to carry rakes or something heavy and it's got one wheel in the front? 461: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Huh? 461: Wheelbarrow Interviewer: Mm-hmm is that 461: #1 Listen. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 461: Back there back when I was coming up or that was wheel barrow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: B-O-H Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: R-O-W Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And that's how I pronounced it. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: And uh now when I watch it I know that that's not right Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: it's a wheelbarrow. Back then oh I I was to learn it was barrow. We learned barrow. B-O-R-O-W Interviewer: Uh-huh what about the um harrow? What did you? Would it be? 461: {D: Jo parow} {X} R-O-W Interviewer: Um and something that you could use to sharpen tools on? 461: {X} Interviewer: Or something bigger than that? 461: Oh yeah wait a minute that was uh {X} rock Interviewer: What about something that you could hold in your hand? 461: To sharpen tools? Now listen I can tell you something about this. I was learned that was a whit W-H-I-T Interviewer: Oh really? 461: Yeah Interviewer: Whit rock? 461: Yeah but it's W-H-E-T. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Whet whet. And that's that's back those days where you has uh people that and that's an education. And I don't know but it's a just they could have look like they could have learned that it was whet just as easy as they could of whit. They changed that E to I. Interviewer: Mm-hmm So you used to call it 461: I used to call it a whit rock. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: But it was just a whet because you wet whet you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: And uh let's see and like uh joe harrow when they could've learned that it was joe harrow just as well Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I don't know Interviewer: What about um you mentioned a a car um any other names for car? 461: Yeah uh well we didn't use the word automobile much. Interviewer: What did you used to call it? Just car? 461: A car. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: They was other things that would be sometimes they would come up with a slang like a jalopy something that way but got going on but car was primarily. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And say if something was squeaky to lubricate it you say you have to? 461: Grease it. Interviewer: And you say yesterday he? What his car? 461: Greased. Interviewer: And um if grease got all over your hands you say your hands were all? 461: Greasy. Interviewer: And um something if you door hinge is squeaking you might put a few drops of? 461: Grease. Interviewer: Or? 461: Oil. Interviewer: And um what did you mentioned uh kerosene did your mother make it? 461: No it might of been but Interviewer: You always called it 461: Kerosene yeah. Interviewer: And um inside the tire of the car it had the inner? 461: Tube. Interviewer: And um if someone had had just built a boat and they were going to put it in the water for the first time you'd say that they were going to what the boat? 461: Let it {X} Interviewer: #1 Uh uh that's the word I was thinking # 461: #2 Or try it out # Interviewer: #1 # 461: #2 # Interviewer: Uh-huh what different kinds of boats are there? 461: Boats? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Uh well now back when I was coming up you had just I mean you had your fishing boat. I I suppose I uh we I didn't have any uh reason to I didn't do a lot of express and work by boat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: The only thing that we did there was just some would go down to these ponds lakes and creeks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 {X} # 461: #2 Just # some boats I wouldn't I wouldn't say fishing boats. Uh well then a boat was just a boat Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now then a I mean basically you've got a a skiing rig or you got a a {D:slimpet} rig and uh you got one that I mean it's just fishing out of it. People get out their pole to fish with. Back then when when we mentioned a boat well uh uh we knew what we was talking about. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um um did you ever hear about people taking uh uh making a lasting sound maybe using tobacco. 461: I'll tell you what you talking about a flambeau? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: {NW} Interviewer: How is how is that made? 461: Out of bottle a drink bottle Well see it didn't have to be a drink bottle but in our house I had a coke cola bottle or ketchup bottle. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: And put kerosene in it and taken uh some cloth Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: and some what we think of tobacco can. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And cut a piece of it off and you wrap it around that cloth and stick it down in to hold it together and it would absorb that kerosene and you'd light it up top and it would smoke. It would just be that light on that cloth on top that cloth that you'd use. Interviewer: You'd take a tobacco? 461: Yeah you know uh like I say a uh like cuts out Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: can smoking tobacco used to come in. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: And cut it piece of it and then {X} But you take a piece of cloth and you see upon that rolled it up this way and I think that piece of to- uh uh tobacco can and cut it with a knife just a strip. And wrap it around see now this would be all cloth stick it down in it. You take around the the neck of the bottle Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: what would help hold that {X} bottom see. You know tobacco can't be left out the mouth at the bottom. Interviewer: Uh-huh {NW} And um did everyone used to make those or? 461: No uh one I don't know. You talking bout in the community? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: I don't know whether ev-everybody did or not I don't Interviewer: Can 461: I hadn't heard much talk talk about it but in fact I don't even know whether I don't remember seeing my uncle who was doing his farming for us have one of these. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: He had this kerosene lamp with a globe you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But we uh we did we used we there were meals around the month of May. I know we used the flambeau. Interviewer: Mm-hmm {X} {X} 461: {X} {X} {NS} {X} Is that what horse shit's called? Interviewer: {X} 461: Yeah. I like to ride horses I never did I never did get a horse from cross {X} but like I said the only thing that we had was a {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: And the other day when I bought that horse I told them that we {X} I never had a horse, I always wanted one. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: So we got one to get. I got a nice horse out there just to ride. Interviewer: Uh-huh you just bought him the other day? 461: What was that? Interviewer: You just bought it #1 recently? # 461: #2 I bought it about # no it was about two months ago. We've had the pony for quite awhile {X} {X} I want to step back out and I'll show you around when we get through some of the stuff that we've been talking about. Interviewer: Yeah I would like to see some of it. Um say if a woman wanted to buy a dress of a certain color you'd say she she'd take a long a a little square cloth to use as a? 461: Sample. Interviewer: and um something a woman might wear over a dress in the kitchen? 461: Apron. Interviewer: And um for signing your name in ink you'd use a? 461: Pen. Interviewer: And to hold a babies diaper in place? 461: Pin. Interviewer: And um the dime is worth? 461: Ten cents. Interviewer: And um if it was real cold outside before you went out you'd put on a? 461: Jacket Interviewer: Or a? 461: Coat Interviewer: And um what would a man wear if he was gonna go to church on Sunday? 461: Suit Interviewer: What would the the parts of the suit? 461: Coat tie uh you talking about now or back when I was coming up? Interviewer: What what did they used to have when you were coming up? 461: Uh well uh then I I would say that a suit would require I mean if you had a suit on it need a coat and a tie and pants now there were there was a lot of people on there that don't wear a tie. They think that they was real dressed but they just wouldn't wear a tie they'd wear a nice shirt and a coat and pants. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But they don't have the tie. Interviewer: Did you ever see a 461: I felt considering now now then I didn't I didn't think much about it but now I know to be dressed that that tie needs to be there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about a did you ever hear of a three piece suit? 461: {X] Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Yeah Interviewer: People used to have that? 461: Yeah Interviewer: And um you mentioned pants um was there any other name for pants? 461: Britches. Interviewer: Mm-kay and um say if you had gone outside without your coat and you wanted it you might say um would you go inside and what me my coat? 461: Fetch or bring. Interviewer: Mm-kay 461: Now listen I tell you what uh there again I wanna tell you what I've experienced. Certain people used a certain term. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now this uncle of mine that was doing the farming for us he hardly at least he don't do it yet He still uses this word fetch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But even as as a young boy I didn't I didn't use that word it didn't sound right to me Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: but he would always I he was noted to use that word. Fetch me the hammer or bring me he he he he would lose his hammer {X} Fetch me this or fetch me that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: but I wouldn't say that. I'd say bring me this or bring me that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But now he would and uh I find out that different people have got different terms that they brought in and they still hang with you #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # And say if so you say he went inside the house and what me my coat? 461: Brought Interviewer: And he'd say here I have? 461: Your coat Interviewer: Or I have 461: Brought your coat to you. Interviewer: Uh-huh And um you say that coat won't fit this year but last year? 461: Was just right. Interviewer: It what perfectly? 461: It fit. Interviewer: And um say if you bought if you had an important interview and your clothes weren't in very good shape you might go out and buy a brand? 461: What's that again? Interviewer: If if a person had an important interview or something and his clothes weren't in very good shape you'd have to go out and buy a brand? 461: New suit Interviewer: What's that? 461: Suit. Interviewer: Say say the whole thing. A brand 461: New suit of clothes? Interviewer: Mm-kay And um if you stuff a lot of things in your pockets it makes them? 461: Well we used to say cram things inside. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But it makes your pockets? 461: Pooch out well we don't say stick out of We call I I used to call it I don't know uh well it was something about they seem the same it wasn't bulging out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: It was pooch out. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Okay? Interviewer: Mm-kay And um you say that shirt used to fit me until I washed it and it? 461: Drawed up Interviewer: Or another word for that? I washed it and it? 461: Shrunk. Interviewer: And you say it seems like every shirt I've washed recently has? 461: Shrunk up Interviewer: And I hope this new shirt won't? 461: Shrink Interviewer: And um 461: Well now listen I'm gonna tell you something now that's the words that they used. Well uh that word shrunk up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: but now I mean uh that shirt shrunk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm You wouldn't say up? 461: No. Interviewer: Say if a if a woman liked to put on good clothes you say she likes to? 461: Dress up. Interviewer: Would you say that about a man? A man likes to dress up? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: What about if she spends a lot of time in front of the mirror you know fixing her hair Huh? 461: Primping Interviewer: Uh-huh would you say that about a man? 461: Yeah. I'd have to say the same thing. Interviewer: Any other expressions? Primp or dress up any any other expressions? 461: Well I know that the word primp wouldn't be the word to use uh it'd be spending a lot of time dressing up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But uh the words that I was to learn and come up using I would use that same term with a woman and a man. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And something that people used to carry money in? 461: Well now listen I'll tell you what I don't care if it was a woman or man or what it was a pocket book. Interviewer: uh-huh #1 {X} # 461: #2 Well they didn't # use the word purse many time and along then they didn't use billfolds. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Or wallets Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: it was pocket books. Interviewer: What did it look like? 461: {X} uh but it didn't matter what it was if a woman had uh what we call a purse today Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I guess what I I've got what I call a billfold maybe it was just a pocket book Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: period. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Yeah the wallet's a pocket book. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then they knew what you was talking about. They didn't expect it to be a wallet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But they said here's a man's pocket book and I didn't know what anybody was talking about. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Very few times I've heard the word or rather these other terms used purse or wallet or uh billfold. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Just pocket book. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um something that a woman might wear around her wrist? A piece of jewelery. 461: Uh bracelet Interviewer: And um say if she had a lot of little things strung up together around her neck 461: Beads Interviewer: You'd call that a what of beads? 461: A string of beads. Interviewer: And um 461: Now I'm going to tell you something about that. Well maybe that they did but there was a common thing back that I knew about when I come up. And I didn't see much jewelry other than beads were very inexpensive and Or if you got metal jewelry like that that was more expensive and didn't see much {X} But I never did any kind of jewelry like that that was beads. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then you know that a woman was gonna be dressed up if she had beads on. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: So that's all I knew about there's a little bit about jewelry I mean necklaces that was {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm And something that mean used to wear to hold up their pants? 461: Suspenders Interviewer: Any other name for that? 461: Mm-mm No I don't think so I believe that uh galluses oh yeah Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Yeah galluses. Hey you know that was more common than suspenders once? Interviewer: Oh it was? 461: Yeah now let me tell you how that I associated that. Now overalls some of them got uh had uh {X} Oh yeah yeah wait a minute you see overalls had a bib and they would buckle. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: That was an overall gallus that strap that would come up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Okay if an old man you'd see him dressed up the the the buckle here went over the shoulder to his pants. If he had pants it was suspenders. Interviewer: Mm-hmm but on overalls that was #1 galluses? # 461: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: #1 # 461: #2 # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And I had that associated then with uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: differently associated. But overalls was a gallus. Interviewer: Uh-huh What would you um hold over you when it rained? What would you call that? 461: Okay. Parasol. Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 is that what you call it now? # 461: #2 Yeah # No I'd say umbrella. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: But it was most commonly used I heard it just a few times I mean but uh parasol was associated with that when I was coming up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um the last thing that you put on the bed you know the fancy cover? 461: Uh it's the bedspread Interviewer: Mm-hmm Anything people used to have a older thing than that? 461: What's that? Interviewer: Any anything else that you heard besides bedspread? 461: No I don't think so I might have forgotten. There was a no bedspread. Interviewer: And at the head of the bed you'd put your head on a? 461: Pillow Interviewer: Did you ever see anything um longer about twice as long as a pillow? Did you ever hear of bolster? 461: Mm-mm Interviewer: And um say if you had a a lot of company and didn't have enough room beds for everyone for the children you might make a? 461: Pads. Interviewer: And um what different types of land did you have on a farm? 461: What different types of land? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: We have wood land and uh there's crop land. That's all I know. That what I'm talking about we didn't have a pasture land Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: we had the woodland we had the woods and the and the field properly to cultivate. Interviewer: What would you call land that along sort of um flat land along a stream overflows in the spring time and? 461: Talking about uh bottom land? Interviewer: Uh-huh What else like like that? What about land that's got a lot of water on it or if it can't cultivate because it's 461: Marsh. Interviewer: What's what's a marsh exactly? 461: It's a wet uh spongy type land marsh land. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did anything grow there? 461: No uh other than just uh maybe some kind of wild weeds or plants although it it it's no good for cultivation. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: We had some of that. Interviewer: Anything else similar to a marsh? 461: No. Interviewer: What about a swamp? 461: Oh yeah yeah we got swamp. Interviewer: How is that different? 461: Yeah. I'll tell you why. A swamp land is like that you see back down under those trees that's a swamp back in there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And a marsh land is just don't have the uh high vegetation. I've got to stop them boys just a minute excuse me. {X} I know and I say we use the only thing that feels right a long time ago used to be a nigger period. Interviewer: Uh-huh What other word #1 {X} # 461: #2 Negro now and then # I just learned so tradition of speaking it was just nigger all together. Interviewer: Not even not necessarily insulting? 461: Uh no it wasn't insulting. It was just nigger. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what would you say if you wanted to be insulting? Or were there any joking or or particularly insulting words? 461: No uh let me tell you see there was I think it was one of the slaves or something if I remember. But they was they was negro people that lived on the close line raised years ago. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: And there was no uh racial tension between the races. Uh they stayed in their place what I'd say what I thought they would just dismember And there's not they niggers live not too far from here but now as far as going down into town yeah there was some mean there were some boys around there that would fight them. I never did see I was younger. It was a little bit before my time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I tell you what and right now you can't hardly get a colored person that's around in this area to go down there in Wausau. I mean it's not all that bad but there's there's something about it that was the fact that they used to be so bad about fighting when they there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And I'm not talking about just Wausau now all these smaller communities Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: like Caryville. Uh well there's a lot that works there but I'm talking about the small communities Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: they would they would just fight and then they they didn't go in much. Now over in Chipley where you had your uh colored sections see. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: It's always been there. You quite saw nigger corners. Particular now they had them a whole set of niggers that was raised down here they could ride horses {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Mules will get the stuff and come back not a problem but you take a strange nigger {X} you'd fight. Interviewer: Mm-hmm you think that there'd still be some trouble now? 461: No but we play ball now. Now this is all in the past time changes since there's been a lot of racial uh progress made. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now we got a {X} we have now for two years let someone else have that next year the only candidate that I sort of involved. When you find out who {X} that's like this about this mental retardation or either uh the March of Dimes or cancer crusade they said okay now who's somebody in Wausau we can get to work and the first thing oh {X} I'm just getting to where I say no to a lot of this stuff. You know I just take so much and that's it But anyway I've just got somebody to head up the mental retardation program that is uh I'm president of the Washington county slow pitch softball. Had one team two or three years from uh negro Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: communities colored now. {X} We've had uh we've got two colored teams Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Uh in fact on the team there's a white and black on the team but we've got these we've got one I think {X} came in in the county league and then two or three there's no trouble whatsoever. We've got nigger uh there's no there's no racial problems whatsoever. {X} Then there's niggers that goes in the cafe down at Wausau and eat. See there's a little cafe down there no problem or trouble at all. Interviewer: What if they say ten years ago do you think the Civil rights back up 461: Yeah. Interviewer: Martin Luther King had a lot to do with it? 461: I don't think Martin Luther King had anything to do with it. Maybe he did have something though it was a uh people get fed up I I'm gonna tell you about what is Martin Luther King sort of fellow {X} and be radical about anything that people get fed up they just get fed up with you you just get a certain {X} Whereas uh the legislation that's been passed the laws have been put in books and everything I'm sure that that's had a lot to do with it and no work will take place but I didn't there's a lot of things that I didn't like what Martin Luther King did. But I think that it would come about Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: maybe some things quicker. I don't believe it's right for people to lay down in highways and block the protests and something like that. I certainly believe that uh there's other ways to Interviewer: Kind of um are you close with the black people around here {X} grew up at South Louie Louis alma mater? 461: Now I've had now listen I I'm I'm somewhat religious but in the way I understand it this country of ours was built upon the faith of God Almighty. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I believe that each country and each individual has got to have something to lean on or build {X} Now okay we've got religion that's Christianity. I think that we have uh lost uh what our country was built on the faith of God Almighty. This is what we have as a country got to build around. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And an individual has got to have something to build around. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: But I certainly believe that this is what we were losing protection and leadership now look where we're at and and uh but there's no leadership. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Okay if he had a feared god of oh of upon which this country was built they wouldn't have done some things that they have done. You know what I mean? Interviewer: Makes them {X} 461: Yeah I'm talking about everybody they got Christian oppression. Now then talking about the nigger situation I realized that the niggers got a soul and he's gonna go to heaven or hell just like I am. And I he is not the supposed to be working like an animal out there in the winter {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: I don't believe that nobody should be that way. We human beings we all created uh I'm I'm not talking I'm talking about equal and we made it that the others have different talen- uh talents and capabilities but I'm not supposed to work you like an animal like they were doing the slaves. I don't believe in that. But yeah uh now getting back to someone like Martin Luther King I realized that those colored kids like to play baseball just like my kids. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And they like to play football and the adults like to play. We can work this right here we don't need nobody like Martin Luther King laying down in the streets people get fed up with that thing. You see where it's apt the be like you see where Kennedy is at today. And the next radical it starts and and you'll see it when he gets out around with the people. Now George Wallace and the way he got shot people and and I didn't I'm a Wallace man to be honest with but most people had just got fed up with George Wallace. There's people that got fed up with uh Ke- I mean uh uh John Kennedy and they think about that that with Bobby Ken. I hate to say that I like all of them. But people people just they get a stomach full of that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Would what was the what I was wondering was um you know I I guess the the white in this area didn't feel too strongly you know for Martin Luther King but when he was assassinated was there any reaction from the blacks? 461: Yeah Interviewer: #1 With with # 461: #2 that's who yeah # a lot of reaction from the blacks at school they they seemed like they they was just gonna {X} the community because Martin Luther King had got killed. They didn't do me that way but that's how they took it there was uh a reaction Interviewer: Even out 461: There's no difference in them killing Bobby Kennedy or John Kennedy. Interviewer: You know how people out in the country blacks living out in the country I mean there was a sort of a unified reaction. #1 Like like who # 461: #2 I I can tell you # what it is. I I hate to say that and maybe it it's not the famous saying okay school was time kids would go on right now at my {X} Well here uh if I had to check on uh we making progress and Martin Luther King would say shut but people gets tired of causing this disturbances and blood shed see. Progress is to be made around a conference table and under law right on that Bible. We made we're making uh I've seen progress made here now we're just a small community but we playing softball here we sitting in the PTA meetings getting them on our committees and everything else and Martin Luther King's been dead and they say {X} and we don't have a radical out there right now but if they do they gonna they gonna stop him. This thing will come about but otherwise talking about if we're left al- and I don't mean to say if you can't be left alone some law enforcement these laws has got to be pushed up because if they don't we might neglect them and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: deprive of some of the purpose. But we don't need people like Martin Luther King to get this thing accomplished I don't believe. You take a hot summer like everybody uh you know how it is the first thing you know and uh seven of them laying down in the streets and there's some gun fire and somebody's getting killed or nothing they don't like that it's not it's not the thing to do I don't believe that's the way to do it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Let him stand up before the Senate telling this but don't get out here in the street and get the people stirred up. you can get their emotions stirred up like quicksand. Interviewer: When you talking about name different names for negroes um what different names are there for for whites? 461: Uh I've heard some you know my bad names same particular about a white woman. I've heard some uh bad names for a white but not usually the same word as say a nigger nigger for a negro. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what what 461: I think we care uh Barbara what I'm talking about about that nigger well I know more people call them I I my grandmother raised me and my aunt and they says uh uh then uh there's some niggers that {X} and they didn't do they didn't mean to say that Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: they just like I said awhile ago about using a a see what was that the like of wet and wit it's like nigger and negro. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: It's just the pronunciation of it uh they didn't mean one thing whatsoever. Interviewer: What different words are there for white people though? Say 461: Well there's nothing there's not one that I know of. Uh a huge for the white like it would be for a nigger for the black. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about say a um white people that aren't very well off and but they haven't had a chance at an education but they don't much seem to care they don't work they just a name that you might have for them? Whites that you sort of look down on? 461: Well now I feel this uh I think that uh they're known to be crummy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: slum I mean now whether it's white or black if it's them it just looks down it's slime or crummy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And it's sorry. Sorry #1 likely. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 461: Sorry-like. Interviewer: What about something like poor white trash or redneck or cracker? 461: No oh I've heard that word mixing around just barely but w-we we don't associate any particular word like that with the white. Interviewer: What what word have you heard? 461: Uh like I said it's uh well it it I I know a low class white. He's at the low class and then uh crummy and then slum too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Trash not white trash but just trash. Interviewer: All these could be black or white it doesn't matter? 461: Uh no uh well see we're not associated with the colored people we don't have a lot of them in this particular area we got them around but You talking to somebody here now in the bigger city they would be using different terms there would be more associated. Interviewer: Do you have a name for someone who one parent is white and the other parent is black? Would you have a name for that that child from a racially mixed marriage? Terms for or say a real light skinned negro. 461: Yeah {X} Interviewer: Who works like um say someone who lives out in the country and when he gets into town you know everybody notices him you know just sort of jokes about him like you know cause he's really {X}. Huh? 461: Because he's just an old country boy. Interviewer: Uh-huh any any expression joking or expressions or 461: Hillbilly. Interviewer: Uh-huh anything else like that? 461: Uh well yeah but uh actually we didn't we di- we didn't associate as a hillbilly here seems like that's up in the mountains and uh just an old country boy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: It's law because see this is practically everybody's country here and uh you can't really talk too much about the other fellow. I don't know what you talking about. But there's some that uh if you put that old country boy to it that means to say that he {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: You see what I mean? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: but we wouldn't call them a hillbilly Interviewer: That'd be more mountain? #1 {X} # 461: #2 Yeah yeah # that's right. That wouldn't be we didn't use that. Yeah well and then in other words the person that you're talking about they would say an old country boy. Now he was real country. Interviewer: When you're talking about land earlier um would you ever think of uh uh say a field that might be good for just um raising grass or clove or alfalfa you know good land for for cattle or would you call that anything? Word like meadow or prairie. 461: The only time the only way that we'd use that is a pasture land and I got pasture land. I'm talking about I don't call it no prairie I don't call it no meadow I call that a pasture. Interviewer: Are well you familiar at all with the the gulf or bay? 461: Well I've seen one. Interviewer: What about a bayou or bayou? 461: This is a s- I call it a small area off of a bay a stream going into the bay uh either uh a small area back now I don't know just how to explain it but that's why do the big body itself would be the bay. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: And then they uh a body on out farther would be the Gulf. Interviewer: What about the bayou or bayou? Do do you speak of that? 461: No but I call it the bayou Interviewer: Is is that the small stream off? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: What about um something that a man made um stream coming out big enough for maybe for a boat to go through? Cut out um 461: A mouth. Interviewer: And um what different types of soil are there? 461: Clay. Interviewer: Mm-kay what else? 461: Uh sand. That's what we we call it. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 461: #2 Clay # and sea muck. Interviewer: What's muck? Is that real rich soil or? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you have do you have something you call loam or loam? 461: Yeah we got a loam. We we got a loam loam L-O-A-M. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What what's that like? 461: Uh say that it was uh uh a mixture of sand and clay mixed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm say if you had some some land that was a a little bit swampy and you were getting the water off you'd say you were doing what to it? 461: You mean to say now if I had some swamp land and I wanted to get the water off? Interviewer: Mmm. #1 You'd say? # 461: #2 Ditch it # Interviewer: #1 # 461: #2 # Interviewer: Or another word you know you'd dig ditches in order to 461: That's right. Interviewer: to what the water off? 461: Well I what now uh the only that I know what I've seen what you're talking about here is to ditch it is to dry it up. Interviewer: What would you say drain or dreen? 461: Well now let me tell you. I was learned to use the word dreen but now I know it's a drain. That's just like uh I know I've got some people now my aunts that's all we used to say my the dreen in my sink see the drain this water out with the sink dreen. Or it's a drain line D-R-A-I-N but I was learned the word dreen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and something uh say if you had a heavy rain fall and the the rain cut out a little channel what would you call that uh? 461: G- Interviewer: Would you say gully whether it was big or small or? 461: No I I wouldn't say gully now. In fact my kids I don't I mean they had they wouldn't you you'd cut out you'd you'd cut a trench. A little gully would wash out our fish hook in other words if it was small and was washed out it was still a small gully or or big gully. Interviewer: What about something along the edge of the road to carry the water off? 461: It's a ditch. Interviewer: You mentioned um let's see a a small rise in land you'd call? 461: A small rise in the land? Interviewer: Yeah 461: Hill? A hill. Interviewer: Um any thing else? And to open the door you'd take hold of the door? 461: Knob. Interviewer: Do you ever use that word knob talking about land? 461: Yeah that's right a clay knob. Yeah that's right Interviewer: How's that? 461: It's an elevated that's another thing that I'd use for this a hill would be bigger than a knob. A hill would be a big rolling thing and I know that we'd go out on a sand hill. #1 It's a big # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 461: thing that slides out about about high this big. Whereas a clay knob would be just a small area. Well a clay knob you know I may be able to identify that as a clay uh sand knob. But it would be particular place in the field where it was cultivated Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: That would say whether it was a clay knob or actually Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: a small hill. Interviewer: And talking about the mountain the the rocky side of the mountain it drops off real sharp. 461: I don't know I'm not familiar with mountains. Interviewer: What about a a place between mountains? A low area but up still up in the mountains. Not a valley. 461: Call it flats. Interviewer: What what is that I'm saying something between the mountains were the road could go across. Is that what you mean by flat? 461: Well see now I'm not familiar with mountains I know what you're talking about. We'll say this. In between two hills is a flat F-L-A-T-S. Interviewer: And um you mentioned um a a branch what else did you have besides a a branch. 461: Creeks. Interviewer: What's the difference? 461: Streams uh branch streams creeks um okay now this source of water that I told you that we was a branch. This is a small stream. Now I don't know where or what size that it's got to get to why people begin to call them creeks but it's bigger than a branch. Interviewer: A creek is? 461: Uh a a small stream is a branch. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: The way that I was taught. Interviewer: Is there anything smaller than a branch? What about something that goes dry when it? 461: Spring? Interviewer: A A spring is a is a source. 461: That's right. Now a spring a spring would be where water uh this is a real small area. This is smaller than a branch. It's water that's springing up out of the ground in other words running off. It's just a small one and they were some of them around in the areas of where I used to live. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: On the hillside where water would run out from inside the hill this was a spring. And water would run down and this it was a real real small where the branch would be where it would be bigger then you got your creeks would be bigger than that. Interviewer: What about bigger than a creek? 461: It's a river. Interviewer: What were the names of some of the streams or creeks and things in this area? 461: Okay now bi-big uh branches creeks uh rivers see I'm not uh to fa- oh uh we got one river that's a number of miles each way. I didn't have much care to see the river. See the creeks Hard Labor. I don't know if where it got its name but you see that was the name of the creek. Interviewer: Hard Labor? 461: But Econfina see that was the Indian name creek uh Econfina Creek that's the Indian name is We've got it from the Indians. I don't know the history behind it but I've read something about it anyway. Okay the branches it would be Jack Kell branch down uh there used to be a a fellow way back years ago that the name was Jack Kell and this branch must probably run through his property. And it got it's name this way. And then another thing I know one branch that run out of a pond. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: A lake and it's got its name from the name of that lake. It would be like the double pond branch so it was identified that way. Interviewer: What rivers were there around here? 461: Choctawhatchee and uh Choctawhatchee and Apalachicola it got it's Indian see. Interviewer: Apalachicola is the same as the Chattahoochee isn't? 461: Yeah Interviewer: More a bit south-western? 461: Well what it does uh you got the two put them together up above ninety make making up the Apalachicola river you got the I think it's Flint and uh Chattahoochee coming together up above ninety And below highway ninety it's Apalachicola because you got the town of Apalachicola. Interviewer: And if you had a stream that was going along and suddenly the water um dropped over you'd call that a? 461: Call it a fall. Interviewer: And um a place where boats stop and where freights unloaded? 461: Dock. Interviewer: Mm-kay anything else? Would would there be a dock if it's on the river a what? 461: Landing. Interviewer: Say if you made a little V-shaped cut in a piece of wood you'd say you cut a little? 461: Groove. Interviewer: Or any other word for that? 461: Slot. Interviewer: Gun fighters for everyman that they killed they'd make a little? 461: Notch. Interviewer: What different types of roads do you have around? 461: We've got graded roads. When I s- what I mean graded this is a uh county road dirt where you graders grade it's a graded road uh uh then there's a dirt road. People say that's a dirt road they didn't even say there's no pavement on it. Oh then you've got your wagon roads. It's a two trail that's just where you have any kind of those wagon wheels I was telling. You see you'd have have grass in between you just have these things that were made for tracks. That's a wagon road. Interviewer: Just big enough for one? Going one way? 461: That's right. And then it wouldn't be graded see Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: with a with a machine. A wagon road would you know it would be trails and then in the middle where that animal's feet made the imprints. It used to be well marked out in these woods here so travel would be teams. Alright now we got the wagon roads dirt roads uh graded roads. I said it back long then would be a dirt road but we know it would what graded but with what machine did they have. But now then it's more common that it's a graded road. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Then you got your highways Interviewer: #1 What about # 461: #2 If they've used # paved highways when you when they say highway then you know there was a pavement. Interviewer: What would you call a a road that um goes off the main road? A little road. Is that what? 461: Trail. Interviewer: Is that big enough to drive over #1 drive a car? # 461: #2 Yeah it could be. # Now trail road again would be identified uh is the same road as this wagon road because something has left its a trail not graded but if it's a trail road it's two just like the imprint of the car Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: tracks or wagon tracks. Just not graded. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: The trailer. Interviewer: What a- what about those um roads with that have the crushed rock over it? 461: This is paved road. Interviewer: Or it's not been 461: It's a highway. Interviewer: or thinking of gra- 461: A gravel road Interviewer: What if you had a road that uh goes up to a man's house you'd call that a? 461: Just to that stop? That's a dead end. Interviewer: Well that that leads right up to his house it'd be a? 461: I don't know what you're getting at unless it's a driveway. Interviewer: And a road that has a fence on both sides? 461: Lane. Interviewer: A road in in a city? 461: Street. Interviewer: And something along the the side of the street for people to walk on? 461: Sidewalk. Interviewer: In a city you'd have between a side walk and the street there's a a strip of grass did you ever hear that called anything? 461: I mean I know I know what we talking about between the sidewalk and the street no I don't know. Interviewer: Say if you were walking along and a animal jumped out and scared you you might say I picked up a? 461: Stick. Interviewer: And I what it at them? 461: Throwed it. Interviewer: Okay anything else you'd say besides throw? 461: Yeah I mean I I threw it. Interviewer: Uh-huh what about chucked or flung or? 461: Right chucked. chucked that was very common back when I was Okay now uh I'm talking about when I first come up I mean you know back when I was young. We're playing baseball. It was used sparingly not really at all but we said that fellow could really chuck a ball. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: Now chuck it. Not pitch it, not throw it but chuck it. It wasn't used it was it was very unusual if you heard it but you did hear it. Interviewer: And um say if you went to someone's house and knocked on the door and no one answered you'd say I guess he's not? 461: Home? Interviewer: And say someone came to see your wife and you met the person in the yard you might say well she's up in the kitchen baking some cookies she's? 461: {X} Interviewer: Say and they're they're asking where your wife is you say she what the kitchen? 461: She's in the kitchen. Interviewer: If someone was walking your direction you say he's coming straight what? 461: Toward me. Interviewer: Say if you had gone into town and happened to see a friend of yours you hadn't counted on seeing you'd say I just happened to run? 461: Into. Interviewer: And if a little girl is given the same name that her mother has you'd say they named the girl? 461: The same. Interviewer: Or they named her what her mother they named her? 461: After Interviewer: Something that that people drink for breakfast is? 461: Something that they drink? Interviewer: Well what we just had. 461: Coffee? Interviewer: Okay and if you wanted some coffee you say I wanna go? 461: Cup of coffee. Interviewer: Or I have to go what some coffee? 461: Make Interviewer: Talk about putting milk in coffee you say some people like it? 461: Black. Interviewer: Mm-kay any other word for black coffee? 461: Straight. Interviewer: Do you ever hear drinking coffee barefooted? 461: Black and barefooted? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Yeah rarely. I don't think it was uh I heard that but that word was used uh I don't know it wasn't a common word used not to identify black coffee. Interviewer: Was it struck as say sort of a country expression? 461: Yeah no not over here n-no no not barefoot. Interviewer: What is it struck as? Anything special or older people say it or country people or? 461: No I just I think it was uh I'd uh I just I just never seen any connection with barefoot I don't I don't know why I don't know why. Interviewer: It's just something you've heard? 461: Yeah. Interviewer: Say if if you like milk in your coffee you say you drink your coffee how? 461: With a little cream. Interviewer: #1 And # 461: #2 Or milk. # Interviewer: Or if you don't put milk in it you drink your coffee? 461: Black. Interviewer: Or with not with milk but? 461: Black. Interviewer: Okay or with 461: Cream Interviewer: Kinds of animal sounds kind of animal that barks? 461: Dog. Interviewer: And if you wanted your dog to attack another dog what would you tell it? 461: Sic them. Interviewer: You know these uh what would you call say a small noisy little dog? A small noisy dog I'm not talking about names of breeds now. Just if you have you ever heard a name for a one of those real small? 461: Well I don't know what you're talking about. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of something like feist? 461: Yeah I've heard that. Interviewer: What's that? 461: Is that I is I don't I don't think it's a particular breed it's I didn't I I had to take a back a step but I have heard of feist. Interviewer: Uh-huh not 461: It's a small dog Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: real uh well he didn't he didn't have to mean uh now a small dog was a feist. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: It didn't matter whether he was making a lot of noise or not. He was still a feist. Interviewer: What other common names for dogs are there? Like there's a feist and then what else? 461: Well uh I don't know commonly like I know there was a bulldog back when I was coming up and you had your hounds and your curs. Interviewer: What was a cur? 461: A particular a particular I think it was a breed of dogs but uh he was a big dog and when she cur it was a dog would bite or catch animals #1 you know what I'm talking about. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 461: It would be a big catch dog. A bulldog would be a vicious or something that would catch a bite. Interviewer: Did a cur dog uh cur have um have short hair or those real big is is that what you're talking about? 461: No uh I'm talking about uh not a it's not a great dane but uh now this cur was a was a tall dog with short hair. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about um a worthless dog just a a dog that didn't do? 461: {D: Sunna.} Interviewer: What? 461: {D: Sunna. Interviewer: Mm-kay say if you had a mean dog you'd say uh yesterday the dog what so and so? 461: Bit. Interviewer: And you say um and then that person had to go to the doctor after he got? 461: Bit. Interviewer: Did you ever say um so and so got dog bit? Did you ever use that word #1 dog bit? # 461: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: How how would you use that? 461: Well say that somebody did get dog uh that dog did bite somebody you'd say uh Barbara got dog bit now mm. The dog bit her. {NW} Interviewer: And talking about um the cows um what did you call the male? 461: Bull. Interviewer: Was that always nice to use now the word bull? 461: No I don't think so I don't like to use it uh and I didn't well I never did like to use it I didn't think it was a proper way to use #1 you know in public # Interviewer: #2 Well # Uh-huh. 461: I mean we've {X} But uh Interviewer: What what would you say besides bull? 461: Well you could say steer but that wouldn't be proper. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 461: There's difference in a bull and a steer. But I now hesitated to use the word bull I didn't think that was the word to use but I don't really there's nothing wrong with it. Interviewer: Do you know what you you said instead of bull? 461: Yeah steer. Interviewer: You never said a male cow or? 461: No. Interviewer: Did you ever hear beast hear it called beast? 461: I've heard it. Interviewer: Animals that you might plow with? 461: Mule. Interviewer: And say if you had two of these hitched together you'd say you had a? 461: Pair or well you have a pair. Interviewer: Uh-huh any any thing else you say? 461: Pair of mules. Interviewer: Uh-huh and um a female calf is called a? 461: Female calf? Interviewer: Uh-huh and the male? 461: Bull? Interviewer: And if you had a cow that was expecting a calf you'd say the cow was going to? 461: You talking about old country style? Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Supper Interviewer: Anything else? 461: Uh Interviewer: What? 461: Drop a calf Interviewer: Mm-kay would you use you still use those expressions? 461: No she's she's fresh. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Going fresh in Charlotte. Interviewer: A female horse is called a? 461: Mare. Interviewer: And the male? 461: Stud. Interviewer: Anything else? Was was that word nice to use? 461: Yeah there's nothing wrong with it but I hesitate sometime now it seems to be that there's nothing wrong with it. Interviewer: You feel kind of the same way about the word the word stud that you do about the word bull. 461: That's right. I feel the same way. Interviewer: Uh-huh 461: Even though it's a stallion Interviewer: Is does the word stallion sound alright? 461: Sounds better but people you still won't have a clear identity of what you're talking about if you use that stallion and stud not in this area. You know what I mean? Interviewer: Do you mean a a stallion could that refer to a gelding too? 461: Well I really don't know uh the way I understand it it refers only to the male horse or the stud. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: A stallion I don't I really don't know whether it would refer to a a the gelding or not. I don't think so. Interviewer: What what to you is the difference between the word stallion and stud? 461: I've I've heard it uh I've heard both of them used but stallion sparingly you know what I mean? But stud is a common #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Say uh # last year he what his horse everyday? Last year he 461: Rode? Interviewer: You say but I have never what a horse I've never? 461: Rode. Interviewer: And um if you couldn't stay on you'd say I fell? 461: Off. Interviewer: And say a child went to sleep in bed and woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning he'd say I guess I must've? 461: Fell off the bed. Interviewer: And um the things that you put on the horse's feet? 461: Shoes. Interviewer: And the game that you play with those? 461: Horseshoes. Interviewer: Did you ever um see a game like that only played with rings instead of horseshoes? 461: With rings? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 461: No. Interviewer: And um the part of the horse's feet that you put the shoes on you say in all a horse has four? 461: Hooves. Interviewer: The male sheep is called a? 461: Well you talking about somebody who's had maybe I never had any experience with a sheep. But I've really let's see ram Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about the female? 461: Ewe. Interviewer: And what people raise sheep for is? 461: What they raise them for? Their wool I Interviewer: And um talking about hogs you know you have different names for hogs depending on their age and 461: Yeah. Interviewer: When they are first born you call them? 461: Pigs {C: Pigs got cut off for some reason in the audio} Interviewer: And then when they're a little older they're? 461: Shoat. Interviewer: Then if it's a female it's 461: Sow. Interviewer: Or if she's never had pigs? And if it's a male? 461: Boar. Interviewer: Was that word nice to use? 461: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 It # 461: associate it the same way as I do with stud or bull. Interviewer: Anything you'd say besides if you didn't want to say boar? 461: No you say boars Interviewer: If you had a pig and didn't want it to grow up