Interviewer:  {NS} Twenty. Just in your ordinary voice. Um
494:  One I'm starting now
Interviewer:  Right.
494:  One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten Eleven Twelve Thirteen fourteen fifteen Sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty.
Interviewer:  Okay and the days of the week please.
494:  Mm Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday.
Interviewer:  {NS} Okay and the months of the year.
494:  January February March April May June July August September October November December I feel like I'm taking some sort of some kind of test. {NW} {NW}
Interviewer:  No this isn't I I could test a
494:  Seeing how well I know my
Interviewer:  No it's to see whether It'll let us record. {NW}
494:  See if I can count and remember
Interviewer:  This is a No this is a A um It's a funny thing I say with a sensitive recorder some voices just
494:  Yes
Interviewer:  Um you can see the needle.
494:  #1 Uh-huh #
Interviewer:  #2 as you talk # And I have to to um gauge {NW} If I set it once I can forget it. I wanna be sure that not gonna.
494:  Oh I see.
Interviewer:  Not over recording you Or under #1 recording #
494:  #2 You're watching the needle when it #
Interviewer:  #1 Right #
494:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  So let's There is a mechanical test. Uh you grew up here in uh Obion County?
494:  Yes I did.
Interviewer:  And could you tell me a little bit about where?
494:  Well it was on a farm right across the field.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh really? #
494:  #2 Straight across over yonder. # {NW} Uh
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
494:  #2 I was born # Don't know the year nineteen sixteen
Interviewer:  Nineteen sixteen. Okay.
494:  And I lived there until well it was nineteen and thirty. And uh My dad sold the place. And we moved to Lake County. And I went all my high school years over there.
Interviewer:  About how many years?
494:  Well we lived over Well we lived in Lake County really two years. And moved back then to the edge of Obion County.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
494:  But I continued to go back over to {D: Reesley} for my high school. Finished high school. Then I married and moved here to {D: Pea Ridge}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
494:  And course we lived around uh different places but we wound up back here On this same farm.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. And {NW} When you married did you come to this farm?
494:  Yes we did.
Interviewer:  You did. Mm-hmm. And have you been a housewife uh most of your life?
494:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
Interviewer:  And your religion?
494:  Methodist. {NS} I worked uh in a school lunchroom for several years. Was manager for several years. {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay and that was In Elbridge?
494:  Cloverdale School.
Interviewer:  Cloverdale.
494:  Mm-hmm {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay Your mother and father where were they born?
494:  Well my dad was born {NS} Way - uh-huh - up in middle Tennessee In Maury County. Williamsport Tennessee. On Duck River I've always heard him talk about Duck River. And then my mother was born here in Obion County.
Interviewer:  And did they have a chance to go to school very much?
494:  Not too much. I think they went I believe back then she said it was about the equivalent of the fourth grade maybe.
Interviewer:  That's for both of them?
494:  Uh-huh
Interviewer:  I see. {NW} And they were farmers?
494:  Yes. {NS} They just didn't have much of a chance for an education back in those days.
Interviewer:  Very difficult.
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  But I tell you I think the education they had was pretty solid.
494:  It was. {X}
Interviewer:  Way you can figure yeah. And your Do you remember your uh mother's parents?
494:  I remember my grandmother. But my granddad died before I was born.
Interviewer:  And do you remember where she came from?
494:  Uh I think in Mississippi. {NS}
Interviewer:  Know anything about her? #1 {X} #
494:  #2 Um #
Interviewer:  Her education or
494:  No not too much. Uh I've heard her She she stayed with us a while before her death and I heard her tell some stories about the Indians that lived around them down in Mississippi.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
494:  Oh Well I don't know It's so long it's been so long back I just can't remember. And my granddad fought in the Civil War. He was killed at uh oh what it wasn't Shallow. It was one up in Kentucky. I don't mean he was killed. He was wounded up there. He he lived several years after that. But he was wounded and was always crippled after that. {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay and uh {NW} Your father's parents?
494:  #1 Well #
Interviewer:  #2 Where did they come from? #
494:  Uh middle Tennessee as far as I know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
494:  And I knew my granddaddy. But my grandmother died before I was born. {NS}
Interviewer:  And can you tell me anything about your um about your grandfather?
494:  Well he he was a farmer and uh
Aux:  Black {NW}
494:  Huh?
Aux:  Black man wasn't he?
494:  No I don't think he was was he? He was a very uh strong willed man {NW} I know that. I've heard him talk about him. He he ruled his household in other words {NW}
Interviewer:  So he Uh What religion was he uh?
494:  Methodist.
Interviewer:  Methodist.
494:  Mm-hmm. My mother's people were too. Well I believe at first they were uh what was called a Protestant Methodist. And then {NS} Uh-huh. They called it the Old Protestant Church.
Interviewer:  Protestant Methodist. Uh what was your maiden name?
494:  Uh {B}
Interviewer:  Okay and uh mister {B} Can I ask you your age and
Aux:  #1 I'm uh I was born in nineteen twelve. #
494:  #2 Can this pick him up? #
Interviewer:  Nineteen twelve. And are you a Methodist?
Aux:  A Methodist mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And did you go to school around here?
Aux:  I went to school at I finished school at {D: Ridgely} I went to school at {X}
494:  That's in Obion County.
Aux:  That's in Obion County. I finished in Ridgely. {NW} Lake County.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  Tell him why you finished over there.
Aux:  Uh the attendance got low in the school I was going and back then if they didn't keep the attendance up so high we lost two years of high school. And uh I had to go to school at Ridgely just three miles {X} Two months to finish school.
Interviewer:  I see.
Aux:  We lost eleventh and twelfth grade at {D: K U}
494:  Just two months before graduation.
Aux:  #1 Just two months #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: Alright.} #
Aux:  {X} And I had to go to Ridgely and finish.
Interviewer:  To finish up. {NW} Uh
494:  And he was one of three out of the class that went on and finished. The rest of them just got that.
Interviewer:  Very interesting. Uh-huh.
Aux:  Three of us were not ready to finish school.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh {NW} Your ancestry uh what do is this uh {B} In English or?
494:  It's uh um Dutch English I think. There's some Dutch mixed Dutch German or or something I've heard him talk about the Dutch in him.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Do you remember your grandmother's maiden name?
494:  Oh you mean my mother's mother?
Interviewer:  Right.
494:  Uh {B} {NS}
Interviewer:  And your father's?
494:  Mother was uh {B}
Interviewer:  Mm-kay.
494:  Now that's that's the the {B} Ancestry that I was talking about being Dutch. I think the {B} my mother was a {B} I believe they're uh Irish.
Interviewer:  Irish mm-hmm
494:  And my grandma {B} Yeah I think was part Indian. {NS} She had some Indian blood in her I remember hearing her talk about.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Okay {NW} What is {X}
Aux:  So maybe we take uh {D: Alan's Reach} Community
Interviewer:  Oh I meant to ask about how large is Elbridge Um
Aux:  You mean population or just?
Interviewer:  Yes sir about how many?
Aux:  Honestly I don't know. It's not incorporated. It's not even
494:  Just a little village. It's a
Aux:  It's got a bank and a and a nice grocery store and a post office and a service station. And that's all we need is over there.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
Aux:  There's about thirty uh thirty-five boxes there at the post office. I guess people {X} Gets their mail there.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
Aux:  So I guess that'd be about what the population of it is.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. About thirty thirty families or so.
Aux:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  It's on the uh the Exxon map that I have.
Aux:  #1 Yea #
Interviewer:  #2 But not on the uh # It's not on the Tennessee state map. They should put it #1 by the highways. #
494:  #2 Well #
Interviewer:  Um You may want to protest that {NW}
Aux:  Save local pride.
Interviewer:  Uh I wonder on the back of this whether you would make a sketch of the home that you remember as a child.
Aux:  Uh {NS}
Interviewer:  The different rooms and
494:  Alright. {NW} {NS} I think I can talk to you while I How big a sketch do you want?
Interviewer:  Uh Just uh large enough so that uh we can read.
494:  Okay.
Interviewer:  Names of the rooms and Where are the chimneys? And uh
494:  Okay.
Interviewer:  Windows were {NS} Guess I could {D: bite} If you'd explain it as you go along.
494:  Well. I don't think I'm getting this to {NW} scale.
Interviewer:  That's okay.
494:  Uh. {NS} There was a long porch down there On the south side. Now there was a chimney right here. {NS} And the front door went into a hall. {NS} Let's see there's a room right here. And the dining room. {NS} And then the kitchen. {NS} And then out of the kitchen there was a little room. {NS} And a little pantry. And there was another chimney. {NS} And there was a cistern on the porch right here. {NS} And then the steps that went out to a deep well right here. It had a shed over it. {NS} And a door went out the dining room. A door went out this room. {NS} And there was a porch here. {NS} I remember this old house very well. I guess we call this the sitting room. {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NS} That's where the family spent most of its time.
494:  But it was also a bedroom too. {NW}
Aux:  {X}
494:  #1 And this was the parlor #
Aux:  #2 {X} # Sleep in the sitting room {X} We did it {X}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. I find many people tell me that. Because the families were so large that they had to use the Whose whose beds were in this in that room? Your parents?
494:  Um yes. They slept here. And we children slept in this room right here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  And then later on I remember having a bed back in this little side room. {NS} Me and one of my sisters. {NS} Let's see there was steps went out here.
Interviewer:  How many children were there?
494:  I had two I have two sisters and a brother. {NW} And then a walk went out. This was the flower garden all out here. {NS} A walk went out to a gate. {NS} A driveway came up the hill. {NS} And then right out here was the cellar house. And uh It had a The cellar house was in the bottom Where we kept our food. And it also had a place on top that was storage room. And we used it a lot as a playhouse.
Interviewer:  Oh I see. {NS}
494:  I guess that's about it. {NS} {X} Now there's a doorway outta this dining room on this north porch too. And out of the kitchen into the side room.
Interviewer:  That look right? Uh {NS} I'd like to ask you some questions about uh about it then. {NS} They uh Did it have a second
494:  Believe I handed you back my sheet a paper too underneath there {X} Did it have what?
Interviewer:  Did it have a second story?
494:  No it didn't.
Interviewer:  {NS} Uh Then {NW} If it didn't what
494:  Oh wait a minute. Yes it did. It had stair steps going up. It wasn't finished. But it was uh the stair steps went up right here in this dining room. {NS}
Interviewer:  #1 What did you call the area? #
494:  #2 Right there. #
Interviewer:  Upstairs? Uh
494:  We just called it upstairs.
Interviewer:  Upstairs?
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Attic or loft?
494:  Uh-huh Attic. Now this door up. {NS} And it wasn't finished up in the you know in the rooms but it was storage place. And it gave a good place to play paper dolls and.
Interviewer:  Alright {NW} Uh how did you keep the light uh from coming in the windows? What did you have?
494:  We had uh the old-timey shades that pulled down.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  On rollers.
Interviewer:  I see. And uh Will you tell me how um something about the way the rooms are {D: furnished} Um This whole thing was oh this is a porch here. {NS} And this was a side porch?
494:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  And
494:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  {D: Side} Porch and front porch Uh {NW} Tell me what Take away the sitting room and the parlor and how they were furnished?
494:  Well Oh As I said well there was a bed in that sitting room. And it was just rocking chairs kind of gathered around the fireplace. And might have been a dresser in there. Believe it was. It wasn't furnished lavishly. It was very sparsely furnished. And of course there were two beds in that next room. And our dresser. {NS}
Interviewer:  Did you have anything um. Where did you keep your clothes? Did you have um what is it
494:  #1 Oh #
Interviewer:  #2 A separate building closet or #
494:  No there Where did we keep our clothes?
Aux:  Hang 'em around the door I guess.
494:  #1 I guess we did. #
Aux:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Did you ever have a or did you ever see one of these uh really very large pieces of furniture?
494:  Yes. #1 Uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  #2 You did? # What did you call it?
494:  #1 Oh chifforobe #
Aux:  #2 {X} #
494:  #1 Uh chiffonier #
Aux:  #2 {X} #
494:  Now some some of them are called chiffoniers.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  No we didn't have one a those.
Interviewer:  Uh did you ever did you ever call it a wardrobe? Or is that
494:  #1 Yes yes #
Interviewer:  #2 A separate thing? #
494:  We called it a wardrobe too.
Interviewer:  A wardrobe I understand might be really quite high. Six to eight feet high.
494:  I remember where we kept our clothes. That little side room back yonder. Uh my dad I remember now. It's all coming back to me. He had stretched up a a pole across one end of that. Uh and we kept our clothes hanging on hangers on that.
Interviewer:  Right.
494:  And then there was a curtain across in front of that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} And {NW} In the parlor what um did you have there?
494:  We had a piano in one corner. And a little square table setting out in the middle with a lamp on it. {NW} And I guess some chairs. {NS}
Interviewer:  Did you have anything like this?
494:  #1 Oh no. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
494:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 Alright. # What would people call it?
494:  Uh now we had later years we had one and it was made out of leather. It was called a devonette.
Interviewer:  Devonette?
494:  Devonette.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
494:  It it opened out and made a bed. I believe we did have that in the parlor.
Interviewer:  Did people ever use the word sofa very much?
494:  #1 Not then. #
Interviewer:  #2 In Davenport? #
494:  Not Davenport. Where we used that.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
494:  But we didn't hear the word sofa until years later.
Interviewer:  And {NW} Did you ever uh have any made of horse hair or know about them?
494:  I knew about them. Well we didn't have one. I think they were too expensive for us. {NW} Cause I think they belonged to the rich people back then.
Interviewer:  I see. I can't imagine why they were.
494:  #1 I don't know either. #
Interviewer:  #2 They don't seem very comfortable. #
494:  {NW} I know it.
Interviewer:  And uh {NS} Are they {NW} Bureau you say? Did did you say bureau or or dresser or which uh?
494:  A dresser.
Interviewer:  Dresser.
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And the chiffonier Did it have a mirror or um?
494:  I don't think we owned one of those then. {NW} I've got one in here now. That's got a mirror on it. And it's real old it belonged to my aunt. Along about the same time.
Interviewer:  It it uh is it drawers plus a mirror.
494:  #1 Uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  #2 Is that good? #
Aux:  Drawers on one side and a door on the other.
Interviewer:  Oh uh-huh. {NS} And uh what was the parlor used for mostly uh?
494:  Oh Well {NW} {NS} We practiced our piano lessons in there. {NS} And well we didn't use it much. At all.
Interviewer:  #1 Is that right? #
494:  #2 I mean. #
Interviewer:  #1 It was just kind of a #
494:  #2 It's for company. # Yes just for company.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} I asked uh one man what the parlor was used for and he said {D: well spankings} The only place there was to go. {NW}
494:  Yes. {NW} That's right.
Interviewer:  And other people tell me that uh they never use theirs unless the preacher came.
494:  Uh-huh. {NW}
Interviewer:  There was a pretty special
494:  It's pretty special and you see that was a room kinda off across the hall away from the rest of the house. And it just wasn't used much.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And this is a chimney?
494:  No the chimney's down here in this sitting room. We didn't have a chimney in the parlor.
Interviewer:  So there was no way to heat the
494:  #1 Huh-uh #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh # parlor.
494:  Oh well it had a flue. We had a little stove there in the wintertime a little wood burning stove. Had a flue that went up through the top of the house.
Interviewer:  I see. Mm-hmm.
494:  But the fireplace and chimney was in the sitting room and in the kitchen.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And {NW} How about the bedrooms uh? Would you tell me uh how the bedrooms were were made what you used on beds?
494:  We had a feather bed. Had a straw mattress. And feather beds.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. How'd you keep warm?
494:  {NW} With quilts.
Interviewer:  Quilts?
494:  Quilts.
Interviewer:  All right.
494:  Up here in the wintertime we had as many as six and seven and eight on us. {NW} You couldn't turn over once you got in bed. {NW}
Interviewer:  And uh how about uh did you have something to cover the sheets in the summer uh?
494:  Uh yes we had they were called counterpanes. I think the correct spelling is uh counterpane P-A-N-E but they're we called them counterpanes.
Interviewer:  So that's what I'm interested in.
494:  #1 Yes. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh # These words are often spelled differently
494:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Than the way they are pronounced. So
494:  That's what they were called.
Interviewer:  I appreciate your um
494:  They were usually white and and well I think in fact they were always white. I don't there were any colored ones back then. But they were always white and they were woven in different textures.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh I see. #
494:  #2 Um # Have a raised pattern-like effect.
Interviewer:  It was an ornament and
494:  Uh-huh yes it was.
Interviewer:  And {NW}
494:  And the beds had uh uh a lot of them I don't know whether we had or not but I know his mother had them. The big pillows with the big ruffles and you didn't sleep on those pillows. Uh they had big ruffles around them. And they were laid off to one side at night.
Interviewer:  I see.
494:  And you slept on some more. And the next morning then when you made up the bed these pillows then were were stood up kind of an ornament across the top.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear
Aux:  Lay one down and then stand one up.
494:  Uh-huh. And they were #1 Starched #
Aux:  #2 {X} #
494:  #1 And ironed #
Aux:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Did you ever hear of a pillow sham?
494:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Is that What
494:  #1 I guess that's what #
Interviewer:  #2 They are? #
494:  You'd call 'em.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  Er it wasn't a pillow slip. {NW} Cause it {NS} I guess you sewed it on there because you didn't sleep on it and it didn't have to be changed as often as a
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  pillow slip would.
Interviewer:  The only uh shams that I've seen are are are right then. They didn't look as if they were real pillows. Uh
494:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Yeah they were about so big.
494:  That's why they were called shams.
Interviewer:  And uh They were {D: plenty stuffed}
494:  Yes.
Interviewer:  They were decorated and and um pretty large in fact more square than
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Uh pillow.
494:  And I can remember his mother after I got in the family. Oh now that bed had to be made just right. It was a feather bed. And she would even after she got it all smooth as well she could smooth it with her hand she'd go get her broom and take her broomstick And uh smooth that bed. {NW} It had and she didn't allow any sitting on that bed in the daytime.
Interviewer:  I see. Uh It must have been a a source of good pride. {NW}
494:  It was. {NW}
Interviewer:  And How about bolsters did you ever have that?
494:  Yes we had bolsters. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Uh what what's the when were they used and when were
494:  Well now I think my mother and daddy had the bolsters on their bed.
Interviewer:  And that's just a solid?
494:  That's just a #1 Make one long #
Aux:  #2 {D: You a liar} # She just kept up when she made up the bed she'd put the bolster on it in the daytime we didn't sleep on the bolster.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh I see. #
494:  #2 Well #
Interviewer:  Were they made out of feathers or?
494:  Uh-huh.
Aux:  {X}
Interviewer:  And if somebody uh when you were children so when other children would come to stay too many of them you didn't have a bed for 'em where where would they sleep?
494:  We made pallets on the floor.
Interviewer:  Floor {NW}
494:  You wanted that word pallet didn't you?
Interviewer:  Yes ma'am.
494:  {NW}
Aux:  {D: Either we'd do that}
Interviewer:  Aw
Aux:  We all slept at the the some at the head of the bed and some at the foot of the bed.
Interviewer:  Oh I see {NW} {X} What was the pallet uh made out of uh how did?
494:  Well sometimes we had an extra feather bed stored away somewhere. And my mother'd bring that down put it on the floor and put quilts all over it then.
Interviewer:  I see.
494:  But then a lot a times it was just several quilts spread out.
Interviewer:  And the kitchen um Let's see you had
494:  Our kitchen was I guess you'd say our family room. We had the fireplace in there and uh had a big table in the center. Uh Where we ate.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  The dining room was reserved for company.
Interviewer:  I see. Like the parlor.
494:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  {NW} Did you uh did you have a room or do you remember anybody having a room called a big room? Or ever where the whole family might
494:  Well I guess you'd say our sitting room was our big room because when we weren't in the kitchen we was in the sitting room.
Interviewer:  I see. Mm-hmm. And uh you kept your milk out here I suppose where it may
494:  Well
Interviewer:  In the well?
494:  Kept it there in the summertime kept it in either in the cistern you know lower it down with ropes in the cistern. When it got real hot now in the spring my mother kept it out there in that cellar house. It was cool down there in it.
Interviewer:  I see.
494:  And then when it got on hotter she kept it in the she'd lower it down in the cistern.
Interviewer:  Cistern.
494:  And then in the wintertime in that little pantry back there my dad built a little what he called a window box. It uh it was a little screened in affair. Stick it on the outside. And with screens so the cats and dogs and birds and so on so forth couldn't get it. And That's where she kept her milk.
Interviewer:  I see. Did you ever hear of a dairy Uh uh the word dairy used?
494:  No. {NW}
Interviewer:  For that uh how was it used? When you were I mean what
494:  You mean where you milk the cows?
Interviewer:  Is that where?
494:  The cowshed. {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh did you ever use the word dairy?
494:  Not that I can remember.
Interviewer:  Oh. {NS}
494:  Did you ever remember it?
Aux:  No I don't I don't remember using the word dairy we just went out to milk we used a milk shed or a barn. We used milk for money.
494:  We called it the cowshed.
Interviewer:  Cowshed?
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Alright. And {NW} How about a room where you kept things that you didn't want to throw away but you couldn't use?
494:  Well that went up to the attic I guess.
Interviewer:  I see. {NW} Did you have a name for it? Uh
494:  #1 Junk room. #
Interviewer:  #2 Say # Junk room?
494:  I guess that'd be the junk room.
Aux:  That's what we called our shed {X} Junk shed. {NW}
Interviewer:  Junk shed? Did you ever hear that used uh called plunder?
494:  No.
Interviewer:  Not a plunder.
494:  I never did hear it.
Interviewer:  And I got these uh Different versions of
494:  #1 Uh-huh #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # I'd like to tell you And um How'd your mother describe uh what she did in the morning to keep the house uh tidy and clean? She'd go oh I have to do what?
494:  Clean up the house.
Interviewer:  Just clean it up?
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh what did she use for a broom? How was it uh did they buy it or did they make it or?
494:  Uh Are you now I don't know. Now I think that we #1 had a broom made #
Aux:  #2 {X} #
494:  And I believe they were bought from here I don't believe they were store bought. {X}
Aux:  There used to be several in this country that'd make brooms now we ain't got no broom factory on their own make it at their homes. Uh We had a fellow down here that lived down here {X} he had a little broom mill. He'd make broom and he'd take them around.
494:  And peddle them that's we had a broom peddler that would come through.
Aux:  He'd come around stores sell 'em to stores or go house to house and sell them. {NS}
Interviewer:  And uh where would she keep it uh?
494:  #1 Behind the door I think in the kitchen #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # And uh how about the keeping your clothes clean how did they do that?
494:  Oh well we had this old-timey rubboard that you got out and scrubbed and rubbed and then put 'em in the pot and boiled. {NW} And uh they had to be boiled and uh {NS} parched every so often and then scrubbed again. {NS}
Interviewer:  What uh how did you get the soap out? Uh
494:  You rinsed 'em through the uh well at least two waters.
Interviewer:  You did?
494:  Uh-huh. {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay what kind of soap just a homemade?
494:  Homemade lye soap.
Interviewer:  Lye soap. {NS}
494:  In fact when I started housekeeping I didn't I had homemade lye soap I I thought I was rich when I got to buy my first box of powdered soap.
Interviewer:  Is that right? {NW} Uh was the lye pretty hard on your hands I suppose?
494:  No it wasn't Huh-uh. {NS} And you know a lot of people now just go wild if they can find a bar of homemade lye soap. {NS}
Interviewer:  I guess it's it cuts water doesn't it?
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Hard water pretty well. Uh how about the ironing uh?
494:  Well you ironed with the uh what was called flat irons. Uh and you heated 'em in the wintertime we'd heat 'em at the fireplace. {NS} Our own little cookstove. {NS} Uh and then that's what it's called a cookstove.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  And uh {NS} You'd change and when that one gets cold you take it and put it back on the fire and get you one that was there hot ready and waiting and uh. {NS}
Interviewer:  Oh I see. Uh what when how would you where was this uh place that you boil your clothes was it on the stove?
494:  Out outside.
Interviewer:  It was outside.
494:  And a wash kettle outside.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And Is that one of these heavy uh
494:  Yes iron kettle.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And how did you get the clothes out there? Did you have a special place to keep keep them in the house and then carry them out?
494:  I believe we did and then uh I think on this north porch I'm if I can remember right we had what we called the dirty clothes box. {NW} And that's what where they were put. It was a wooden box with a lid on it. {NS} With a you know hinged {NW} and then on wash days my mother got out there and she would sort these out. She had a pile she called the first white ones then the second white ones {NS} and then a a pile of uh colored ones and then {NS} down below work clothes overalls and things like that. Course these were washed first they were washed in order that she had 'em piled out.
Interviewer:  What'd you have a Something to carry 'em out there into the
494:  No our tubs were right there at the edge of the porch and uh
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  the kettle right on out in the yard then.
Interviewer:  There wasn't a wash basket or
494:  Uh I don't think so.
Interviewer:  Did you have a market uh whatever you would call a market basket or
494:  Mm {NS} You know I I can't remember I can't remember uh that. {NW} I don't even remember I got to thinking the other day after you talked to us when we went to the store to buy our groceries what did we take 'em home in? I don't believe we had well I guess we did have paper sacks didn't we?
Aux:  Yeah we had paper sacks. {NS}
494:  But you know we didn't buy many groceries back then. {X}
Aux:  {X}
494:  You didn't go and take out big big bags of groceries like you do now.
Aux:  I was raised on my daddy running stores.
Interviewer:  Oh did he?
Aux:  Where I was born and raised. But you didn't uh {X}
494:  In the fall of the year we'd buy a barrel of flour. And and course we did uh kill our own hogs we had our meat and and lard.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  All the year and uh
Aux:  All you needed to buy was coffee and sugar.
494:  Coffee and sugar and maybe a a bag a beans or something to last through the winter dried beans.
Interviewer:  {X} No purpose for a sa- for a basket or anything.
494:  I I don't think so.
Aux:  Take the corn to a mill and
494:  #1 Have it ground #
Aux:  #2 {X} # Get it ground for cornbread. {NS} {NW}
Interviewer:  In your conversation here I hoped that this is what would happen and it is happening. {NW} I'm getting questions from you're reminding me of things I wanted to ask. Uh when you took corn meal to be ground or took corn to be ground uh what was what did you call one load? {NS}
Aux:  One what?
Interviewer:  One load. I mean just enough to take in and {NS} And um
494:  Now didn't we when we'd take it to be ground for meal did we sit out at home and shell it off the cob and put it in a sack. We didn't take it in a wagon. That to get it ground for meal.
Interviewer:  I see.
494:  We sat down at home.
Aux:  They'd throw it in a little old sack throw it over their back Carry it to the mill and and The grist mill would take out toll. He he'd uh take out two corn for grinding yours.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
Aux:  And that's the way you paid him.
Interviewer:  Uh
Aux:  Oh.
Interviewer:  How much did you take?
Aux:  {D:Edna?}
494:  Um it would just be a
Aux:  Half bushel.
494:  I can remember we'd uh the days before my daddy'd take the meal or the corn to be ground we'd have we'd have to sit down us kids we'd sit down and
Interviewer:  I see {NW}
494:  cause in the wintertime it's uh before the fireplace and we'd we'd shell off the nubbin end that might have some bad grains in it. And that would go in the bucket for the chickens. {NS} And uh then we only shelled what went in for our meal. The good corn.
Interviewer:  Now let's see the nubbin end would be the small one?
494:  Uh-huh the small end. Cause it lots of times had some bad grains on it. And that would be shelled off in the chicken bucket.
Interviewer:  I see.
494:  And then we'd have to shell the rest of it. And he'd have a sack I guess. I would he could carry a hundred pound sack at the time or not but
Aux:  No they wouldn't carry that much but {X} you didn't have to go that often.
494:  And maybe the miller would take out about a peck you know he had a certain amount he'd take out for grinding it.
Aux:  In the summertime you couldn't we were getting
494:  #1 Uh-huh. #
Aux:  #2 it in # pretty quick in hot weather course it was the wintertime.
Interviewer:  I see. Did you ever hear that called a turn a corn?
494:  Yes uh-huh
Aux:  #1 {X} #
494:  #2 That's what it's called. #
Aux:  Turn a corn.
Interviewer:  I see and
Aux:  A turn a corn's a mill.
Interviewer:  I see. So that would be about a half bushel.
Aux:  {X}
Interviewer:  And then you mentioned paper sacks did you um would you tell me something about the other sacks you had?
494:  They were called tote sacks.
Interviewer:  Tote sacks?
Aux:  Totes.
Interviewer:  And what were they like? Uh {NS}
494:  Like burlap. {NW}
Interviewer:  Whereas a tote sack would be just like a
494:  A burlap bag uh-huh.
Interviewer:  You ever hear croker sack?
494:  I never did did you?
Aux:  No I don't think I have {NS}
Interviewer:  Well so you didn't really have a use for baskets then. You had to gather eggs?
494:  Yes now my mother had a egg basket.
Aux:  Egg basket.
494:  And and she would take eggs to the store.
Aux:  #1 {X} #
494:  #2 In this little basket # Uh-huh. {X}
Interviewer:  I see. {NS} And we have to cover everything where was the uh
494:  Outhouse?
Interviewer:  Where was the outhouse?
494:  It was out house. {NW} It was about as far back in the corner as you could get. {NW} And
Interviewer:  Did you call it uh you ever have any joking terms or uh?
494:  Oh I think we called it the toilet and
Aux:  Now I know what toilets are
494:  {D: I don't} Oh a closet I think I heard my mother call it the closet.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh that'd be a fairly elegant term.
494:  Uh-huh. It would be.
Interviewer:  Did you have any family names?
494:  Yes.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
494:  #2 The the name # Toilet would be kinda she didn't want to say that much and and call it the closet
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
494:  #2 as you said # kind of a modest stuff.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh did you ever call it the privy or was that not a term?
494:  Not really. Not really.
Interviewer:  #1 Huh-uh? #
494:  #2 Huh-uh. #
Interviewer:  The white house or
494:  No.
Interviewer:  Joking names like that
494:  No. {X} Yeah.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NS} And uh on the outside of the house uh what did you have it covered with um?
494:  The uh clabber clapboards that what you call 'em? Weatherboards weatherboarding.
Interviewer:  I see they they went uh horizontally they weren't up and
494:  #1 down. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
494:  Horizontally.
Aux:  {X}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NS} And uh what how did you cover the what'd you have shingles or uh
494:  Oh.
Interviewer:  like on the roof.
494:  Wo- wood shingles I believe. {NS} Mostly.
Aux:  {X}
494:  Yeah.
Aux:  {X}
494:  We didn't have asphalt shingles like we have now.
Interviewer:  Do you remember uh uh using tin or uh?
494:  Yes uh-huh.
Aux:  Oh yeah. {NS}
Interviewer:  It's a quite a racket uh
Aux:  #1 {X} #
494:  #2 Yeah if it hailed or rained sure did. #
Aux:  {X}
494:  Handmade shingles in other words what he's {NS}
Interviewer:  I see and what's uh {C: museum name?} they've got a an exhibit on an old farm and they show you how those shingles used to be made.
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Um How about uh {NS} Let's see. In this particular area how would the roof the roof come down
494:  It was in a Yeah had a valley
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
494:  down in
Interviewer:  And did you use uh anything to catch the
494:  #1 Yes mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # How was how did that work?
494:  Well most the time it was just uh two boards nailed together in a V that ran from that uh the end of that valley down to the cistern. {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh would it would it run under the house or how?
494:  Oh. {X} No we had a rain barrel and out here was the valley coming there and a rain barrel was there. And it just ran off into the rain barrel.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  #1 But now this cistern #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Cistern I mean you're a
494:  Now let me see I believe he had gutters. Now would there have been tin gutters or? Wooden gutters and then right here there was a downspout and that wooden trough ran from from right there over to the cistern.
Interviewer:  Oh I see. {NS}
494:  The gutters came off you know that porch off that side of the house.
Interviewer:  This whole side here?
494:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} And uh {NW} {NS} And a coal stove {NW} You had in the kitchen?
494:  Uh it was a wood stove.
Interviewer:  Was it a wood stove?
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Did you burn any coal or?
494:  Not too much back then.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  Coal was kind of a uh uh rich man's uh commodity too.
Interviewer:  Was it you must have had plenty of wood.
494:  Yes we did.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. When you started to use coal what did you call the thing that you kept it in?
494:  Uh coal scuttle.
Interviewer:  A scuttle?
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh
494:  But we had uh had the stove woodbox that's what we'd call it. And we shortened it to {D: stowood box}
Interviewer:  {NW} I see. {NW}
494:  It's too much to say stove wood we just call it {D: stowood box}
Aux:  {D: stowood box}
Interviewer:  That's how it works.
Aux:  #1 {X} #
494:  #2 That's right. #
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And uh how about the fireplace the you got two of them would you describe the two of them?
494:  Oh. {NW} Well they we had a what we call a dog irons. And that's what the wood was laid across.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  And course we'd use the back log a biggun back in the back.
Interviewer:  How would you start the fire?
494:  With the kindling and corn cobs soaked in {D: coal oil}
Interviewer:  Is that right? Uh {NS} Really got a
494:  And I want {NW} I wanna tell you I can well remember when I was a little girl my mother and my older sisters were going off somewhere that afternoon. And she had made some light bread rolls to and she had 'em up in the warming closet in the of the oven you know I mean of the stove. It had a back up on it and then two little things I don't know if you've ever seen 'em or not.
Interviewer:  Oh yes over the
494:  Over it they were called the warming closets. And she had these had two pounds of rolls up there rising to cook for supper. And she said everybody said I'm gonna leave this uh {NS} oh fire in the stove. And said every once in a while you go in and add a stick of wood so that I don't want the fire to go plumb out but I don't want it too hot I want it just to stay warm so the rolls will rise. Well I liked to read and I got off in one room I was way up in the parlor where I was reading I got real interested. And I forgot all about keeping that fire in there. And I thought about it later when it that was plumb out or I thought it was. I piled me a lot of wood in there and I reached around behind the stove and picked up the coal oil can. And poured some coal oil on that wood. Then I struck a match to it. And you can imagine the explosion I had. My eyebrows were singed and my hair was singed and of course the rolls fell flat because when it exploded the rolls fell flat. My mother came in I didn't say a word. She went in to look at her rolls see if they was ready and course they were flat. She came hunting me up she said what happened? She knew something had happened. So I had to tell her.
Interviewer:  And you were lucky just to get singed.
494:  I was lucky to get singed that's right.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Oh that's a you took your duty too seriously.
494:  Yeah. {NW} {NS}
Interviewer:  What uh uh do you remember cooking in the fireplace at all or?
494:  Yes we cooked some um. We had an old black what we called a dinner kettle. And especially in the wintertime course we didn't keep didn't have the fireplace going in the summertime but in the wintertime a lot of times my mother would uh hang this dinner kettle in there with beans in it
Interviewer:  #1 But how big was that uh #
494:  #2 collard greens. # Oh it held I guess about a gallon.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Cast iron?
494:  Cast iron.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  And then she had what she called a big heavy dutch oven. And she'd put the sweet potatoes in that and set it down on the coals and bake those sweet potatoes.
Interviewer:  Uh That's interesting did it have um did it have legs on it uh?
494:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
494:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear that called a spider?
494:  No. I don't believe I did.
Interviewer:  Uh {NS} Some places uh call what I'm sure is the same thing.
494:  I guess it was.
Interviewer:  The spider. And other places call uh just a {NS} just an ordinary uh thing that you fry eggs in.
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Um
494:  Skillet.
Interviewer:  Yeah a a sometimes #1 a spider. #
494:  #2 Uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NW} And uh {NS} They Let's see I don't think I asked you about the part above the fireplace.
494:  We had a mantle.
Interviewer:  What you kept on it? {NS}
494:  Well things that uh well we had a clock up there for one thing a striking clock. And I can't remember what else we did have up there.
Aux:  You had lamps {X}
494:  Yes lamps that's where we had our lamps sitting up there.
Interviewer:  And how about the what was the {NW} solid place that?
494:  The hearth?
Interviewer:  Yeah what was that made out of? {NW}
494:  Uh
Interviewer:  {X}
494:  Concrete and bricks. {NS} Brick I believe uh-huh.
Interviewer:  And uh stuff that um collected up in the chimney?
494:  The ai- the soot.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and did you ever did you ever remember your grandmother saying anything about uh using the ashes from the fireplace in the kitchen for anything?
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  What?
494:  You made uh soap made lye soap made harmony.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And how about would they bake anything in the ashes uh?
494:  Oh you mean the hot ashes well that's what I was talking about a while ago with the uh
Interviewer:  They keep it in the oven.
494:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of ash cake or um? {NS}
494:  Hoecake johnnycake ho- hoecake I think's what we called it
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And that would be baked in the ashes or not?
494:  Uh-hu- {NW} Uh
Interviewer:  Apparently ash cake is like a hoecake except
494:  #1 it was they'd #
Interviewer:  #2 Probably so. # put it in the ashes and cover it over.
494:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  And it would have a kinda special flavor that uh
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  they seem to relish. {NS} And how about uh What did you milk into? What did you use when you milked the cows uh?
494:  Well in later years I can't re- I think we just used gallon syrup buckets {NS} earlier but in later years my mother had a special uh aluminum bucket. And she would milk in a little {D: steer} a little little {D: steer} about oh about a quart I guess. {NS} And a little handle on it. And she'd milk in that and then she'd pour it up into this bigger bucket.
Interviewer:  I see.
494:  And that way she said if the cow kicked her or cow kicked it oh {NW} she wouldn't lose it all she'd just lose a little bit at a time.
Interviewer:  I see. What do you keep water in?
494:  We had a water bucket we and it's in the kitchen we had our little what we called the the washstand. The water stand, wash stand I believe it was.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  We had a water bucket and a dipper and a wash pan on that.
Interviewer:  What was that bucket made of? Wooden?
494:  Uh no it was granite.
Interviewer:  It was?
494:  Now I believe tha- {NW} #1 His mother had a wooden bucket #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # You had a {D: cedar}
494:  Cedar.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  And I think ours was granite. Though
Interviewer:  And uh did you what did you do with scraps from the table or did you have a
494:  Well the hogs got 'em and the chickens got 'em we didn't have any problem back then.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and what did you keep 'em in before you took 'em out?
494:  We had a what we called a slop bucket.
Interviewer:  And that was in the pantry?
494:  Behind the kitchen stove.
Interviewer:  Behind the stove mm-hmm.
494:  Even the dishwater went in there.
Interviewer:  {NS} While I'm {NS} thinking about it {NS} uh how did you feed the hogs what did you pour uh {NS}
494:  Had uh
Interviewer:  poured it from the slop bucket into what?
494:  Into a trough. {NW} It was a it it too was v-shaped and made out about twelve inch planks. {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  And course stopped up at each end. That was called a hog trough.
Interviewer:  Did you ever know anybody who used a {D: hollow log} and?
494:  Yes uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Pork trough. {NW} And uh the cups that you used for um did would you what'd you say you had a dipper?
494:  We had a dipper ev- everybody used the same dipper.
Interviewer:  What uh was the dipper made of?
494:  Well it was ours was granite what was yours?
Aux:  I guess it was I don't remember if we had a wooden dipper. {X}
494:  Sometimes people used gourds.
Aux:  Yeah they used gourds.
Interviewer:  Yes I was
494:  I believe at one time we had a gourd dipper I believe our gourd dipper hung out by the well.
Aux:  Keep it out at the well.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Did uh you ever hear those gourds called anything else? Like a {D: simlin}
494:  No. I never did.
Interviewer:  Does that word sound #1 familiar? #
494:  #2 Huh-uh. # That doesn't even sound familiar at all.
Interviewer:  And {NW} Did you have anything called a tin pail or a tin cup or? {NS}
494:  Mm Yes I think we did. {NS}
Interviewer:  Was that later years?
494:  It probably was.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} And um When you first got electric uh what did they call the thing that's leaking out the light that you screw in a socket? {NS} What'd they call it when they first came out?
494:  You mean the light bulb that part?
Interviewer:  Right so
494:  Uh-huh light bulb.
Interviewer:  They just used
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  same.
494:  But I tell you we had something before we had electricity. We had a carbine system. It was kinda like a gas system and that carbide outfit was kept in that cellar house. And we had it piped to every room in the house. {NS} Run through pipes. {NS} And course the the light was up in here in the center and and you'd light it like a gas light.
Interviewer:  I see.
494:  And it was it really was
Aux:  {X} Carbide.
494:  Mm-hmm. {X} That carbide made a {X} sor- sort of a gas.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} {X} We were talking about uh using gas lights the other day and somebody remembered the word mantle.
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
494:  #2 Uh-huh. #
Aux:  {X} Come after this carbide though here.
Interviewer:  {X}
Aux:  Gas lights.
Interviewer:  Trying to think what was a mantle made out of that it lasted so long? I mean how do you remember what uh
Aux:  No I don't know what they were made out of.
494:  If you touched it it would fall apart.
Interviewer:  {X}
494:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Yeah it was very fragile but uh I wonder what it was made of.
494:  I really don't know. {NS} We had carbide lights in that house. And when we sold it and left. {NS} And moved to Ridgley course we had electricity for the two years over there. But then when we moved back to the edge of Obion County we had to go back to coal oil lights.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
494:  And it was uh {NS} well after I married moved up here course we didn't have electricity up here we still on coal oil. {NS} For a few years after I married my mother and dad got electricity through that section down there low- below the bluff. {NS}
Aux:  Bout 1938 I think it was working.
494:  And I don't think we had electricity. I can't remember but anyhow we
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  we had and and at one time papa had a carb- oh
Aux:  Delco
494:  Delco system.
Interviewer:  Delco I remember uh that was you make your own.
494:  Make your own electricity. {X} {NS}
Interviewer:  I have an aunt who still has a Delco system in the basement uh. She doesn't use it but it's all set there in case uh um {NS} How about the the things that you would use to keep plants in the house over winter? Like your violet there. {NS} Uh {NS} But what would you keep what do you call the thing that you keep it in?
494:  The flowerpot?
Interviewer:  Is that a flowerpot? And {NS} how about the thing that you keep cut flowers in?
494:  Flower vase.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And um {NS}
494:  I tell ya most of the time we didn't have store bought flower pots. We'd have an old bucket that had worn out that we'd plant our flowers in.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  Maybe paint it up or
Interviewer:  Keep 'em over winter?
494:  Uh-huh. {NS}
Interviewer:  How about um {NS} when you were a girl did you have anything {NW} that you would put in a a nest to fool a hen? {NS}
494:  Nest egg.
Interviewer:  Nest egg uh what exactly uh
494:  {D: Liars} Gourds little gourds.
Interviewer:  Gourds.
494:  We couldn't afford the store bought ones. {NW} Did you ever hear of what?
Interviewer:  You ever hear of china?
494:  #1 Yes. #
Interviewer:  #2 China egg? #
494:  But that was the kind we couldn't afford you had to buy them so we used gourds most of the time.
Interviewer:  Uh what what were they like uh?
494:  Well they were just a little round kind of shaped like an egg.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} What um {NS} Why were they called uh d- china eggs?
494:  Well I guess they were made out of uh some kind of china {NS} #1 material. #
Interviewer:  #2 Is that made in #
494:  I suppose so. {NS}
Interviewer:  That was real light then?
494:  Well I bet you they'd be an antique I mean they'd be
Interviewer:  Yes I
494:  #1 a collector's item now wouldn't they? #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Uh-huh. {NS} I've never seen one.
494:  I've seen 'em. I think we had 'em in later years. But I can remember back when we lived at that place we {NS} we just used gourds mostly.
Interviewer:  And you'd call a {NS} call a this thing a nest egg?
494:  A nest egg. #1 Uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  #2 No matter what # it was made from?
494:  That's right.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And at the table what did you eat with uh? {NS} The thing I'm looking for there is did you ever have case knives?
494:  Yes. #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 You did? #
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And what are they?
494:  Well they were what we call our table knives now. But uh they usually had a was it a bald handle and uh
Aux:  Yeah most of 'em did but ours doesn't have ours just a
494:  But they did- they just called 'em case knives.
Interviewer:  I see nothing special.
494:  Noth- I don't think. {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh Uh sometimes I got the impression that they were made with wooden handles.
494:  Yes uh-huh it's I think they were.
Interviewer:  But that didn't make 'em a case knife they just uh it was just a name?
494:  Well not that I know of now it could've been.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  But I just remember 'em being called case knives.
Interviewer:  Hmm how about the other utensils uh?
494:  Well fork and spoon. {NS} We had a what we called a table spoon that went in the bowls.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  To dip out with.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} And how about the um {NS} the uh {X} three three words here. When you would tap a barrel to get something uh molasses out or something what would you call the thing that you put in?
494:  The the {NS} the spicket is that what?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
494:  I don't think we ever called I don't think we ever had a tap {D: bell to tap} but I think that's what it's called.
Interviewer:  And When you would get water piped into your house did you use the same term then or?
494:  I think so.
Interviewer:  And would you turn {NW}
494:  {X} We didn't have water piping in the house I don't think. {NW} For years and years of course I think by that time they were called faucets.
Interviewer:  I see spickets went out of use and faucets-
494:  I think so uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh the way that you used to do dishes uh?
494:  Well we had a dish pan and a draining pan. {NS} And I think I I don't remember whether we had a pan in between there or not that we rinsed them in. I think most of the time it was just washed in the soapy water and put over this draining pan and then you'd dry 'em.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And did they say um about the ads talk about dish towels and dish cloths and so on but what did you say?
494:  Uh drying rag. {NW} Drying rag.
Interviewer:  And dish?
494:  Dish rag.
Aux:  Dish rag.
494:  Dish rag and drying rag.
Interviewer:  And if you wanted to buy um {NS} a a cloth and you wanted to take along something you show the store keeper what you wanted it was an old square what would you call that? To take along uh {NS}
494:  A patch. Uh a patch.
Interviewer:  Alright. Did you ever say sample?
494:  Sample uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And {NS} how about uh the thing that you wear over your dress? {NS} {X}
494:  Oh uh I can remember we had dust coats.
Interviewer:  Did ya?
494:  We had dust coats. Of course we had aprons. And uh
Interviewer:  Then what's the difference? Between a between an apron do you remember them just coming to the waist?
494:  Uh some of them did and some of them came on up and went around your neck. Most of them I think went around your neck and tied back here in the back.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And {NW} how about uh things that you used to keep your small coins in? {NS} Did you have any
494:  Mm-hmm the sugar bowl I guess in the.
Interviewer:  Sugar bowl. And uh to take it to town what would you put it in?
494:  Mm. You I don't know. I don't even know whether we had a bank account back then at all I'm not sure. {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh I wonder would you use #1 pocket #
494:  #2 I guess we did #
Interviewer:  Pocketbook or purse?
494:  Yes mm-hmm.
Aux:  {X} these long pocketbooks.
494:  Yeah pocketbooks what it was called.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And then purse uh Was a later term or?
494:  I think so cause I know it was I can remember pocketbook from way back.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Which do you use today?
494:  Well I I use I use both terms.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
494:  Sometimes ol' pocketbook comes back and I use that most of the time don't I?
Aux:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  My thought is if you use a small one did they would you say
494:  Well nowadays I say uh billfold or a coin purse.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  But I don't know what I said back then.
Interviewer:  And
494:  Change purse I guess.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And the thing that ladies wear around their wrists? {D: or arments}
494:  Bracelets?
Interviewer:  It's always been.
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And around the neck? Is
494:  Oh now {NW} {D: laudalliere} {C: probably lavalliere} was worn around their necks.
Interviewer:  Now that's a new one.
494:  Lavaliere I don't know how you spell it. But now I can remember it was a chain with a little uh well they'd call it a a pendant now I guess.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  But I can remember it was called a lavaliere back then.
Interviewer:  That's a new one uh. {X}
Aux:  That's what she'd call it a lavaliere.
494:  And then uh they wore brooches. You know for pins.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
494:  We call 'em pins or garment pins or scatter pins or costume jewelry they called 'em brooches.
Interviewer:  I see. How about uh {NS} other than the lavaliere what what would you {NS}
494:  Beads?
Aux:  Beads?
494:  Yeah would it be a string or? String of beads.
Aux:  String of beads.
Interviewer:  The thing I I was curious about did you ever hear uh pair of beads?
494:  Yes. Pair of beads. {NW} That's right.
Interviewer:  What is a pair of beads?
494:  I now I've wondered that too.
Aux:  I think they're just the words.
494:  But now that's the expression pair of beads.
Interviewer:  And there there's nothing two about it?
494:  #1 No uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  #2 There's just a string. # Mm.
494:  Right.
Interviewer:  Well that's a mystery I
494:  Well it it is but now that's what it was called pair of beads.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. How about uh {NS} a girl {NW} {NS} who liked to spend a lot of time in front of the mirror? How you say she sure likes to
494:  Primp.
Interviewer:  Primp?
494:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And how about a man? If he thought he was kind of a good-looking guy what start worrying about it what would he be doing? He likes to
494:  Huh I don't know.
Interviewer:  A man doesn't do it very much. {NW} Didn't have a chance to I suppose. Uh.
494:  Well what is that word he us- or to use? {NS} Cause he wouldn't be primping that would be sissy. {NS} I don't know.
Interviewer:  Would you {NW} Would you ever use the word doll up? {NS} For a man? {NW}
494:  Might do it. Might do it.
Aux:  Too soon we'll spend about an hour every morning on their hair. {NW} Wash it and dry it and spray it. {NW}
Interviewer:  To our generation that that is uh I see it on television and you know these these guys are up there {NW} and they uh #1 blower and everything and. #
494:  #2 Yep that's right. #
Interviewer:  Hard to to uh {NS} to believe. And uh how about the things you carry to keep the rain off and what would you carry to keep the sun off? Would you take?
494:  The umbrella. Parasol.
Interviewer:  Which would be which uh?
494:  Well uh It was called a parasol way back then wasn't it but uh
Interviewer:  I I was wondering uh sometimes I think {NS} I cause I hear the two terms used was parasol was more for sun and
494:  I believe it was. So maybe the umbrella.
Interviewer:  the umbrella was the real thing.
494:  Uh-huh. {NW}
Interviewer:  And uh How about a man um? {NS} Suppose um {NS} that's true when a man's uh old his best clothes are worn out his wife might say uh it's time for you to what?
Aux:  Clean up. {NW}
Interviewer:  Go to the store and what buy a?
494:  Buy a new suit. Uh
Interviewer:  And what would he buy then? {NW} What kind of
494:  Oh.
Interviewer:  Remember your father's uh {NS}
494:  Well it'd just it'd just be his Sunday clothes that's Sunday clothes.
Interviewer:  What would they be made out of uh or what parts would there be? Um Excuse me a sec-