Interviewer:  {NS} I'll just watch to see how your voice is recording.
543:  One two three.
Interviewer:  Right. Just your ordinary voice.
543:  Yeah. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay.
543:  One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. {NS} Ten. Eleven. Twelve. Thirteen. Fourteen. Fifteen. Sixteen. Seventeen. Eighteen. Nineteen. Twenty.
Interviewer:  {NS} Okay {NW} And uh would you give me the days of the week. Uh. Just Sunday Monday so on.
543:  Sunday.
Interviewer:  {NW}
543:  Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Friday. Saturday.
Interviewer:  Okay and the months of the year. January.
543:  January. February. March. April. May. June. July. August. September. October. November. December.
Interviewer:  Okay fine I think we can. We can forget about this now And uh.
543:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh I'd like to ask you uh About your Your birthplace you were born here in the county.
543:  Yes and I was born here in uh Lafayette county.
Interviewer:  And uh how far out?
543:  About sixteen miles out in the country. from Oxford
Interviewer:  Which way is that?
543:  East of Oxford.
Interviewer:  East.
543:  Right. In a little place called Lafayette Spring.
Interviewer:  Oh yes. {X} Yes I've been through there. Um. And your mother, where was she born?
543:  She was born in Lafayette county.
Interviewer:  {NW}
543:  Yes it's south of Oxford.
Interviewer:  I see, and your father was from Lafayette Springs or?
543:  Yes I see where ye. Uh. That's where we they married and move out end of this spring. My daddy was a, you know, he. Was born up uh {NS} Uh, west of Oxford. About twelve miles. {NS} So we moved out to Lafayette Springs and that's where we all was raised up there. {X}
Interviewer:  I see. And uh, did your mother and father go to school very much um?
543:  Well uh. {NS} #1 They went some but not too much cause they didn't get no education much because they didn't have a chance to go to school. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NS} # Mm-hmm. {X} And uh. Your mother was a, did she work out or was she a housewife?
543:  She was a just a housewife.
Interviewer:  And your father?
543:  He just a farmer, yes.
Interviewer:  And uh, your mother's parents, did you know them?
543:  Yes sir I knew #1 I knew them yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 is that right #
543:  And {X}. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Where did they come from?
543:  They was just raised right around here. Just right around Oxford all that all of us just raised up right around close to Oxford you know, some some in maybe south of Oxford seven or eight miles.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir and this
Interviewer:  And did they have any education very much?
543:  No sir not too much, no sir. No sir.
Interviewer:  And uh, were they farmers?
543:  Yes sir all farmers. Right.
Interviewer:  And on your father's side, did you know his parents?
543:  Yes I did just farmers. Farmers. They didn't have no education, no. {NW} just little
Interviewer:  I see and uh they came from uh this. Did your father's parents come from here?
543:  Yes sir, except about my. Grandfather, he was a slave.
Interviewer:  I see uh, in this area? In the county.
543:  Uh well. Yes sir, you know. around. yes that's all anyone know just that he was in this county you see, slave, back- back in slavery time my grandfather And them my father, he did {D: you know just happened up here} you know and just still been round here all the time.
Interviewer:  I see. And your wife uh, is she living?
543:  Yes sir, my wife's living. sh-
Interviewer:  How old is she?
543:  She's sixty-two years old.
Interviewer:  And, what is her religion? Uh. Is she, Does she go to church, does she have uh
543:  yes she had go to church #1 she's a #
Interviewer:  #2 she #
543:  regular church goer
Interviewer:  Here in Oxford?
543:  Well, uh, it's a little church out in the country there, you know.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yeah so about Four and a half miles out of the country.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
543:  #2 where we live # Uh pentecostal
Interviewer:  pentecostal
543:  Yes a pentecostal
Interviewer:  And uh, her education, did she have a chance to go to school
543:  #1 she uh #
Interviewer:  #2 school very much #
543:  uh yes-no sir, she just went to a little rural school. She finished eighth grade.
Interviewer:  I see. And uh, do you and your wife have uh You go to uh clubs or uh you have any-
543:  No sir nothing but church.
Interviewer:  Church.
543:  Right.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Okay. And uh. You uh drive the school bus?
543:  Yes sir, I drive the school bus.
Interviewer:  And uh, what did you used to do before you What are, what uh Did you farm or?
543:  Yes I'm a farmer.
Interviewer:  Fine.
543:  That's right yes. And you know, public work between crop times.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Until uh the last few years then I had to quit stuff got so cheap you know couldn't make a living hardly. Small farmer. And then I had to quit and uh Get out in the public work {X}
Interviewer:  I bet you spent most of your life uh farming.
543:  Oh yes sir, yes sir, sure, sure I spent it
Interviewer:  Okay now, I'd like uh have you describe. {NS} Something about the uh school days that you remember um You went to school out near where you live now?
543:  Yes sir, out well well not it's way on out see, I moved up {D: closer to center} the last few years. Way out about sixteen miles out in the country. I went to a little wood school over there.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and you were telling me uh earlier about uh. How it was kinda hard for you to not look out the window?
543:  Yes sir, sure, it's impossible to look out and not see the sun {D:with the shine}.
Interviewer:  {D: Alright}
543:  Yes, it's either way the sun we can look out and tell about what time we was gonna turn out.
Interviewer:  I see. And about what time uh did your school {D: take up Monday to-}.
543:  Well it took up at eight oh clock. And turned out at four.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Of course there was a period, one hour between time.
Interviewer:  And would you uh Tell me did you ever. Did your mother ever send you to school and you just didn't get there?
543:  No sir, I always went, I know to go.
Interviewer:  I see. What did they call it when you didn't? If some, some boy who was sent to school but didn't uh, went fishing instead, what would the, what would they call that?
543:  Uh s-skipping class?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh, and what would happen to him?
543:  Oh man, h-h-he wouldn't, he wouldn't want to skip it no more, his parents would tear him up.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yeah sir. That's right, back in them times they they didn't know better than to do that.
Interviewer:  And what uh, what would the parents do to him?
543:  Oh man he'd double 'em plow lines up you know and man he would, he would work him over. And uh in 'em times, uh, if uh somebody else seen that you're uh doing something wrong they would tell on you. And lots of times they would whoop 'em for doing things like that. And that's just what their parents would want them to do.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir right, right. And they'd know better than to let the other parents know or see something wrong that they was doing.
Interviewer:  They all kind of worked together.
543:  Yes right, right, that's right.
Interviewer:  That's a good idea.
543:  Yes sir, yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh, tell me something about your teachers. Were they women or men?
543:  They mostly was uh, men. Course one woman taught {D: write smart}, but they mostly was men. And because they would have to {X} way back in the woods where you couldn't hardly get there in a wagon. Had to go walk or horseback. And this man would live out so far you know. out in the {D: rural} until he would ride a horse back. ride an old mule back and forth at the school.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Uh, what did you call the lady teacher uh if you ever say, Uh it's just a schoolteacher or schoolmarm or what do you call her?
543:  Well she, she was a school teacher you know Miss, or whatever she what her name was. {D: I can't do it}. {B} Her name was {B}. And we would call her Miss {B}.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh what would she call you, her. Her student?
543:  Students She called us her scholars, scholars is right. Her scholars, that's what we were called, scholars.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh. How were the grades? Uh how did you move from one grade to the other? Did you, did you {D: call them grades then} or how did you?
543:  Yes sir we would call 'em grades then you know of course you know but uh Uh we would make a grade every year. {D: the sum} would make grades you know because they would let them stay there 'til they thought they was able to move on up. And I tell you too one thing, we didn't you know. Have no more {D: change}. We all didn't have books. We couldn't get books, our parents would have to buy the books and we couldn't get books to study. And we'd have to study with. first one or the other that had a book did up in that grade.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes and we would swap {D: about} {D: to this one} and he's studying this book and maybe this one had one kind of a book and the other one didn't and we'd just study with them.
Interviewer:  I see. Uh what was the uh. What was the uh class, the school like, what kind of furniture did you Did you have in it?
543:  We had uh mostly solid blocks to sit on. Go out and cut a tree down and saw some blocks about tall enough to sit on. And probably go around to some old sawmill place and get a piece of plank to run from one block to the other and that would be the seats we'd sit on.
Interviewer:  I see, what would you work on?
543:  Well sometimes they'd get an old, old Well this one little table in there but we we work on our laps
Interviewer:  Oh is that right?
543:  Right. That's right. We'd hold our books in our lap, that's what we'd work on, no desks there.
Interviewer:  Ah, I see. Uh when did they first start to use the desks I wonder.
543:  Oh, he, he, he'd passed on up for several years, several years. {D: I'm just remembering} just what year. But uh
Interviewer:  Did your children have desks? Uh.
543:  They, they moved up on {X}. You know, uh, these little uh. Children sitting with the desk {D: on}. But that come on up here for the last few years, not many years ago.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. But your children would have had 'em.
543:  Yes sir my children had these little desk {X}.
Interviewer:  And uh {NW} How did they talk about the uh Civil War, uh did they call it uh the war between the states, or what did they call it? {NS}
543:  Well that's what they call it, between the states. They call it the war between the states, of course.
Interviewer:  And uh, and of course now, most people call it the. They still say that or?
543:  No sir, they just says now that this is uh, you know, the war between. Um The Nations!
Interviewer:  I see. Uh-huh. Would, would they. They never talked, talked about, about the Civil War? Would they ever say that, uh when you were a student?
543:  Back then yonder, the Civil War, well they didn't talk too much about that because we didn't know. So much about that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. But then, when they did talk about it, they said war between the states.
543:  Right right, yes sir. Yes sir yes.
Interviewer:  {NS} Then uh Uh would you tell me uh Uh How People ever got to college, what How long would they- Go to that school and what was the next step and then what was, how would they go on to
543:  #1 Well #
Interviewer:  #2 college? #
543:  Th-th-they did it so when they would finish these what we would call eighth grade. Little school {D: out}. Probably they would uh. Them that could get a chance to get off they would go to a high grade school you know. But it wasn't many of them did it you know because uh for the last year they would uh go have to be, they would have to put they children out {D: they would able}. To board with somebody. {D: Or} room with somebody you know to go to school it was uh from a you know above the eighth grade. Up until the twelfth grade, you know.
Interviewer:  I would take money.
543:  Yes sir right right, that's right, you know, there's lots of us didn't have it you know back that end to Even do that much.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 They just had to # Quit and Go to sch- field, work.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  That's all.
Interviewer:  And then after that school. Uh you go to.
543:  Well, I tell you what, just a few of them got into college. From their high high school. They went to just a college you know, some few got to go to the college. Wasn't many of them that was able to pay to go to these colleges.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  And then, uh. We didn't know to much about no university. Nothing.
Interviewer:  Did um. Uh. Did people regard uh Did people think that uh say the eighth grade made a pretty good education?
543:  Yes, after they go out they, they went to {D: Macon}. They thought they were making a you know, pretty good education, yes.
Interviewer:  And, probably did, in fact. {NS} They, they really uh, they had uh. To apply themselves, and they probably did-
543:  Sure sure sure, yes sir that's right, yes sir, yes sir. The made right {D: good} grades {D: then}.
Interviewer:  Uh, in town, {NS} What would a girl uh do {NS} If she didn't get married after she finished her education? Would she Were there, was there a chance to work in a hospital or uh.
543:  No sir, no sir, no sir.
Interviewer:  Uh
543:  They just had to sit at home. In this. Working the field, you know, yes, that, that's right. There's always work you know, if-if-if it's crop time you know, during the crop time And nothing else to do, why they just sit around if they didn't get married, old maid sitting around.
Interviewer:  Mm. Now uh what, what do girls mostly do? Around here
543:  They moved up {D: to some now} and you know, and uh with some of 'em you know, they, they's uh babysitting And uh that's mostly all, maid. House maid you know.
Interviewer:  Did they ever work in hospitals or?
543:  When I see them for the last few years. Some of them's got to going to working in hospitals you know.
Interviewer:  Do they go to school for that?
543:  Yes sir, they have to go to school for that right yes.
Interviewer:  They they become a regular, uh. Uh they go to school and become a regular Nurse or?
543:  Well yeah well uh nurse aide, yes sir, nurse aide.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Go to school for this, the nurse aide. Yes.
Interviewer:  And do they uh Ever work for lawyers, say uh, typing and taking notes?
543:  Well they hadn't till here right lately. Just right lately. They have {D: move into that place}. {NS} working somebody's working for lawyers. All this typing you know and different offices.
Interviewer:  What do they call 'em What what do they call
543:  Secretaries.
Interviewer:  And that job
543:  Yes sir, that's right, now that's happened lately. There's a few of 'em about, you know.
Interviewer:  Much more opportunity than um
543:  Oh much much much more yes sir yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh When {NW} When you would come home And uh you tell your parents something Uh That would surprise them. How would they, how would they express themselves {D: they say hoowa} Whoever {NW} Suppose you came home with some, some facts that uh That would surprise your parents. Uh They would say well. I'm proud of you. Who uh. Who taught you that, who learned you that, what would they say?
543:  Oh well, they just go along, go along mostly you know. And see till they till they find out, what, it is the facts or something like that you see. {NS}
Interviewer:  Excuse me. {NS} {X} {X} Okay
543:  Yes sir Yes sir
Interviewer:  And uh And then, when you were not in school as a boy, Would you tell me, some of the homemade things you used to play with uh. Uh did you ever have um. Board That would go up and down?
543:  See-saw, yes sir, I made a many one.
Interviewer:  {NW} Is that right?
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And, you'd say that the uh Those children are, are are what when they are doing this? Just See-sawing
543:  See-sawing
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And did you ever have a um Plank on a pole And the plank would go around What did you call that?
543:  {D: Well um} we would just mostly call them a see-saw you know and uh Oh well When we start around And like what we would do was We cut the monkey {X} When we start around. We did see-saws, see-saws. {D: and took the monkey down}.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  That's the way we was back then. Course I don't know what they would call it now.
Interviewer:  That's what I'm interested in. And Did you ever have the board on the, on a pole? That would go around, not up and down?
543:  Oh I see.
Interviewer:  Go around.
543:  No sir we didn't ever, didn't ever experience that ever. That's right no sir.
Interviewer:  Uh, did you ever hear a, people call it anything that's that uh. Did you ever hear of it uh sort of homemade. Just a homemade thing, board on a pole? You get two children on it as I understand and you push them. They go around pretty fast.
543:  Right right. Yes sir that's right, oh, no we we we just uh. We call that mostly a see-saw.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  See-saw.
Interviewer:  And did you ever have a {NW} A limber plank on a. Fixed on two ends. And you get in the middle and jump on it?
543:  Spring board?
Interviewer:  I see. And you just go up and down.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Like
543:  We call that a spring.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir, yes sir spring.
Interviewer:  And uh Does the word flying Jenny
543:  Flying Jenny
Interviewer:  Does that uh, does that sound familiar?
543:  Think that's right, yes sir, yes sir That's right, that flying Jenny right.
Interviewer:  Sometimes they call it a Flying Dutchman sometimes a flying Jenny.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  But around here they said Jennies.
543:  Yes sir that's right, that's right. That's a flying Jenny. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And um When you just had two ropes down from a tree. And a seat on it And the kids go back and forth, what would you call that?
543:  We call that a swing.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh, musical instruments you'd play uh. {X}
543:  French harps Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Or if you go this way.
543:  That's a Jew's harp.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And did uh Did you ever uh I suppose you didn't. Have a lot um of small toys uh Small things to play with, little guns and balls and dolls, and You know, the whole children, the whole family. Uh what would you call all of them together? Just uh. Your mother would say now pick up all your what?
543:  Toys?
Interviewer:  Toys.
543:  Yes sir, toys.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear {D: play pretty}?
543:  Play pretties? Back yonder yes sir they would, they would {X} some of them would call 'em toys of course. And some of them would call them play pretties. Get your play pretties and put them up.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
543:  Right.
Interviewer:  And they were small.
543:  Oh yes sir, and homemade.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Oh they'd make some of them homemade. {X} yes sir.
Interviewer:  Could you mention some of them that you remember? Uh
543:  Oh well, we-we-we'd make 'em little dolls, you know we just take the doll making you know. Even {D: down on top} of the little wagons we had. We make 'em homemade, we go out in {D: sources}. {D: Wheel} off a tree, saw a wheel down and saw a little wheels off of it you know and all And we bore a hole in that end, and we'd thrust a an axle and put 'em on just like a wagon. Put some nails down through there and get on. Make out with tongs and go in it and everything, just-just made everything.
Interviewer:  I see. #1 Yes yes sir #
543:  #2 What did they sell? # Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh, when you went fishing, uh what would you use for bait? Um
543:  We'd uh. We would uh get uh go out and dig each year old earthworms they're called. We dig in the ground of course you've seen like a We go out digging in the ground and get them earthworms we'd call 'em. And put on the hook.
Interviewer:  About how big are they?
543:  Oh they's almost about like a Large {D: match stem}
Interviewer:  I see, real fat?
543:  Yes sir, right right, yes sir. Some like three inches long, something like that.
Interviewer:  And uh did you ever use uh small fish uh?
543:  Well we didn't use too much of 'em back then {D: they all tiny} But they using 'em now it look like.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  We would just use them old We didn't know enough about them fish that that's right
Interviewer:  What do they call 'em now?
543:  Minnows
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  That's the real-
543:  Yes sir, the little small fish right here.
Interviewer:  Uh did you have a a boat or anything that you could {D: wanna water in}?
543:  No sir we didn't have them then.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  No sir. For the last uh {D: well, well} Was just a few {D: meats}. Homemade but they wouldn't get out in this big water much {D: would they}.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm, what would they call 'em if they were homemade uh. Call them rowboat skips or
543:  Just, just a boat, you know, that's a that's the boat. That's what they'd all call 'em then, you know, just a boat.
Interviewer:  {NW} Did they have a word for uh pushing the boat into the water off the land?
543:  The dock.
Interviewer:  Just, uh a dock.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And if they get the boat off the dock in the water, they'd say let's what?
543:  Um. Well, they call it a {X} {NS} {C: muttering}
Interviewer:  Well I was wondering, did they ever say launch? {D: launcher} or?
543:  No sir, they didn't know that. Didn't know that name.
Interviewer:  That must come later.
543:  Ah that's right, yes sir yes sir, that's right.
Interviewer:  And did you ever play {NW} A game with uh The uh things that you put on Horses' feet, to get them on
543:  Oh yes sir, uh shoes, horseshoes.
Interviewer:  What would they call that game?
543:  Uh, what they call a {D: pitchnew}.
Interviewer:  I guess pitching
543:  Hang 'em round in a- yes sir. Uh, well we just call it pitching horseshoes you know, Hanging 'em around that {D: staff}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Pitching 'em, pitching 'em in the holes, something like that, you know.
Interviewer:  On the farm did you uh did you put your own horseshoes on or did you have to take them to some place?
543:  Well uh, most of us would put 'em on ourselves.
Interviewer:  Would you explain how you do that? Um
543:  Well, we'd get that horseshoe you know and uh. We would get it heated, put it in a little outfit and heat it you know, And take it and put it on the anvil and bend it where you put them caulks on it you know. And we'd get a {D: wrap} and we'd trim uh, draw a knife and trim the horse's feet off, smooth it off. Put that there you know, and look and see how it fits, and may need a little more angle. We'd get it and put it on the anvil and angle it till it fit just right. Then we'd put them nails in there you know Sorta bend the end of the nails {D: would only go in} so for and then come on out and then bend 'em back. Cut 'em off.
Interviewer:  And what were they come right out the uh
543:  Hoof Yes sir Bend it and drive it on up until it come, it don't come out after a while. Makes a little crook on the end You start it in and you just learn how to make it come out the angle {X} on its hoof.
Interviewer:  Never knew that.
543:  Why yes.
Interviewer:  So that's why um That's why you never would hurt the horse's feet actually, you. You'd drive it at an angle.
543:  Yes sir right, at an angle
Interviewer:  You would drill it right up.
543:  Straight up, {D: go plumb into the quick}
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Now he's he's got {D: right smart room} that hoof do. Before we get into the {D: quick}. Set your angle you learn to set your, bend it a little. {D: Put it} on that there horseshoe. Start it in and so after a while it gonna come out and it don't soon come out. You pull it back out and beat it a little more for it to come on out. Yes and clip it off then and mash it down.
Interviewer:  I never understood that uh, it sounds as if you'd hurt the horse but that's how you keep away from it.
543:  Yes sir, yes sir that's right, sure, sure. Yes because that hoof has got {D: right smart a} In there before we get to the {D: quick}. And yes you set that nail up, you just keep on up until you get in the quick. Except it would come out after a little bit.
Interviewer:  Ah {D: seriously}?
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And you just uh would shape it to fit the uh.
543:  Yes sir, after the trim the foot down you know good what won't be too long not get it too, to the quick. Just trim it down a little {X}.
Interviewer:  And uh {NW} Did you play any games with balls? Say, like, baseball or anything like that?
543:  Yes sir, we played baseball. That's right, yes. Yes sir we'd play baseball and a little basketball.
Interviewer:  Did you?
543:  Yes sir, yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh Uh Did you {NS} You're real small, but I meant to ask you also when you uh When you're real small you Play games that involve hiding from each other, would you describe that uh? As little kids, might play a game that they might hide from each other.
543:  Oh yes sir, hide and seek, we taught them hide and seek. Oh man We had more fun out of it, yes sir that's right. Played hide and seek.
Interviewer:  You'd uh, would you explain how that, that was done, you might uh. Let's say one child would be uh would be it.
543:  It to base And count and the others go hide.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir. Hide and seek we'd call it. We wanted him to hide his face you know and count I always was Is um Ten ten double tens. {D: Four to five fifteen hundred.} Bushel of wheat, bushel of rye, all laid here on the {D: eye}, {X} hid why, then holler I. And if they all hid, why they wouldn't say nothing. And then whoever's counting you know says Bushel of wheat, bushel of clover all they hid, can't hide over.
Interviewer:  All that's very interesting.
543:  Then you'd go out looking for 'em then, you know. And you'd get out and look around you know and people around {D: bush one way and another} wanna jump up and run and make you {X}.
Interviewer:  I see, I appreciate your uh bringing that up. The way that you've uh You'd holler so that you know that either.
543:  Right, right, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Hide or not.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  I never heard that. #1 {X} #
543:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Bushel of wheat bushel of clover,
543:  All in here can't hide over He can't hide over then he done asking you know.
Interviewer:  {NW} I see, and uh In schools, what would you, somebody would do something wrong and uh another child would tell the teacher. What would you call that child? Say well he's nothing but an old, what? What would you Go ahead.
543:  Tattler
Interviewer:  Tattler
543:  Tattler yes say he's a tattler.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And you wouldn't like it, right?
543:  No sir, no sir, no sir, that's right. No sir.
Interviewer:  And uh. {NW} {NW} Excuse me if a Boy Gets on the grass and Puts his head down, turns This way
543:  Turn somersault
Interviewer:  {D: summer set}
543:  Yes sir, that's what we call it, turn somersault.
Interviewer:  Okay.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  {NW} And did you do much swimming?
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Would you describe that uh.
543:  Oh
Interviewer:  When you'd go, where you'd go and why you'd do it?
543:  Oh man I just, I'm often thinking about that, we used to get out there And go into a, well we go into the creek you know, they didn't have as many ponds as we got now you know. But we'd find a place in the creek where the deep enough to swim you know. We'd go in there and that's where we learned how to swim. Round that big hole of water Would be a bunch of us in there swimming around And then sometimes we'd find a pond that we can get in you know out in the {D: pasture}. We go there just swim all kinds of ways look like.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Um, you just uh You'd, somebody An older person there or did you just kind of.
543:  Well that was the beginning yes sir. And most {D: drown} in the country then there's always some there you know that could swim good and it's like {X} one another. All those come along that end mine could swim. Since lately they'd uh There's a lots of them that don't get the chance to go to swimming. Uh they don't swim or they not interested in it or something and I notice now lots of men that's coming on that there's a young men, and they don't, and it played out back {D: young a while} look like it's a space in there Now I got some boys that I wanted to you know, want 'em to swim but they wasn't interested in it. And they didn't learn how to swim and they're grown men and they don't know how to swim. That's right.
Interviewer:  You really have to learn it when you're young.
543:  Yes that's it, yes sir, yes sir, that's right, sure.
Interviewer:  It's a good thing to know.
543:  Yes sir, yes sir, that's right.
Interviewer:  Did you ever have the chance to do much to get up on a board and jump in with your?
543:  Yes sir, diving.
Interviewer:  Would you.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Describe that?
543:  Yes sir, when we get out there you know, and we take a board, long plank you know and make us a diving board you know. And we put it back and have it a long {X} spring, that way you know. And uh of course when we finally got to it we put a big old spring. Before we hit it we'd fasten it back there you know get a spring you know We had more over we would be the heaviest you know, spring, and you would get to spring and then jump up and go down on your head and go.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  Well sounds to me as if you had a pretty uh
543:  And I don't, and I.
Interviewer:  Pretty good childhood. Must have enjoyed yourself.
543:  Right man, we had {X} oh yes sir. We didn't have no {D: biggest time} back that then. That's what I'm often thinking about. And we would meet up over there We lived close to a Two families of white people. And we was all pretty well close to the same age, you know. There's three to four in each family you know. And man we'd meet them at their pond and they would sit there swimming and having a good time we had. We'd get tired get through and go on back.
Interviewer:  Oh that sounds wonderful.
543:  It's wonderful right right yes sir, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Um When you started to get interested in girls and uh, later on how would you describe um who you uh Would let a girl know that you were interested in taking her out, how would you describe that?
543:  Well I tell you Back in my time then we didn't do much taking them out. Unless, most of the time then we was with these girls was at churches. We'd meet up there.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  That's right. Yes sir, yes sir. And then Maybe sometime we could uh get in the wagon and ride home with them. And stay uh you know from the church sometimes we could stay if we gonna have service that night and we go back to church with them. And sit there in the house with them and they parents and play around on the porch till church time.
Interviewer:  What uh if you If you showed special interest in one girl, People would say well he must be what?
543:  They would say, well he must be alright you know. Just interested in one girl.
Interviewer:  And if you uh, how would they say, "He's courting her" or he's?
543:  Oh yes sir right, that's right, he's courting her, courting her that's right, yes sir. He talk like courting you see.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir, yes sir, that's right.
Interviewer:  And uh You would be then known as her uh If you were courting her, sh- you would be known as her what?
543:  Boyfriend.
Interviewer:  And she would be known as your.
543:  Girlfriend.
Interviewer:  Girlfriend?
543:  Yes sir, that's right.
Interviewer:  And uh When you uh, would Kiss her to show uh That you loved her Uh what was that called?
543:  Well just, that showing that we love one another you know.
Interviewer:  And would they call it kissing?
543:  #1 Kissing, yeah kissing, kissing #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # You ever {NS} other {D:terms}? {NS}
543:  {X}
Interviewer:  Sometimes people call it uh bussing. {X} {NS} {X} {NW} I uh Hope that doesn't continue. {X}
543:  Yes sir {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay uh Then {NW} If uh did you do any uh dancing?
543:  No sir we didn't do much dancing back then. Of course now I tell you what Well, some few did {NS} But uh Just like we has now some folks {D: who they love to go to church}. And some don't go to church, they go to the there was dances then. But it's just different types of people. {X}
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  But uh For those people {NW} Who uh Uh Who go to a dance, what would they call it uh There any, do you remember any special names?
543:  Well they would call it a party.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yeah they'd have parties, there's gonna be a party over yonder at that Oh Back that end, they would call 'em supper, some of them would you know. Gonna have a supper, they would have fish fries and dances and everything all that was in it you see.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  There gonna be a supper such and such a place you know. That's what they would call them places you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Then if uh Let's say some went to the dances and some tended, tended to go to church
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  Uh The people who went to dances Uh might get into trouble. And then you would say well the police came and arrested the, the what?
543:  {X}
Interviewer:  If they arrest everybody you'd say well they arrested uh.
543:  Them dancers Party {X}
Interviewer:  The whole uh
543:  Yeah, the whole set up you know.
Interviewer:  I see
543:  That they're dancing.
Interviewer:  Did that happen very often?
543:  Yes sir, yes sir, yes sir, that's right.
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  Sure, sure, yes sir. That's right. Then they had to go to a held trials {X} or pay fines.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  And we've talked about it, and we go to church you know, we uh. Talked about it if they had been to church they said this wouldn't have happened to them.
Interviewer:  A dance, uh I suppose they'd sit around if they weren't on the floor dancing, they'd sit back and they'd go like this.
543:  Yes like this.
Interviewer:  #1 Well what would they call that? #
543:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Um What would they call that when they go this way?
543:  Um {D:let's see}
Interviewer:  I suppose they just do it with the music right? {NS}
543:  Yes keeping their own {X} keeping time with the music.
Interviewer:  {NW} Would they call it a stomp? Um Or maybe there's a dance.
543:  Maybe so. That's that's what we really just don't know too much about {D: two different kind}.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Alright {NS}
Interviewer:  Somebody uh told me one time that uh uh If, if you stand up and just you know, beat the floor Uh that's kind of a dance.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  You call that a stomp.
543:  Stomp dance.
Interviewer:  {NW}
543:  {NW} Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Suppose you uh, met a girl At church and uh Uh and you, want to, to uh Go Home with her, you'd say, may I Uh how would you express that to her?
543:  Well, I would ask her you know uh Could I have a date with her, to go home with her? {NS}
Interviewer:  Or uh, could I, may I uh carry you?
543:  Yes sir, carry, carry her home, you know, something like that you see.
Interviewer:  That would mean you just Go home with her.
543:  Go home with her, right.
Interviewer:  You go back to your place.
543:  Yes sir, that's right sure sure, yes sir.
Interviewer:  And suppose she didn't like you.
543:  Well she said no one's done that.
Interviewer:  {NW}
543:  One boy asked a girl one time said he walked up and you know he was gonna get acquainted with her. And he said my name is uh So-and-so we call his name John. She said I didn't ask you your name. {NW} {X}
Interviewer:  I see, suppose that uh She did like you, and then she changed her mind.
543:  Well
Interviewer:  Then what, how would you describe that?
543:  Well well, she would sure {X} speak to him anymore and go try to talk to him or something {D: If she gained interest in him.} That's right.
Interviewer:  Then suppose she'd get mad, and she didn't like him anymore, so she'd what?
543:  Oh well, she Get away, she wouldn't turn him off, she wouldn't talk to him.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  No she wouldn't talk to him.
Interviewer:  Just uh Uh Suppose though they got along real well And after a while uh Uh they decided to Spend the rest of their lives together, would you describe that uh How would, how you would Ask a girl and And how would you do it?
543:  Oh well, we'd ask that if you know what, if we would uh We'd ask getting married
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  We'd get married you know and all so If uh
Interviewer:  Can you tell me something about getting married uh.
543:  #1 Yes #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh # {NS} Would you just describe how you would get married?
543:  Well we'd ask you know uh Well I went and asked her you know and she uh {D: Liked a matter} And so of course, she would tell me, yes. And that would be {X}, you know, married. And uh, she'd think we can live together for life time of course, we'd believe so and so she would ask me and I would ask her. And of course we'd go ahead home and we go maybe have several visits you know, and so we uh. {NW} Showed that we has interest in one another, you know, we, didn't have no {D:fallout} we both agreed with it. And so after a while then we would set a time we would get married then. Of course we go along look like we gonna agree {D: with this marriage}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm how did they uh, would you describe the marriage ceremony? Describe the wedding?
543:  Well The way we would do most of it then back then we wouldn't have, we would just uh meet at the girl's house you know and then we'd put it out you know we gonna have a wedding that Sunday or whenever it be and {D: sold} Just several friends would come in you know and uh just. We you know put on the wedding gown and have us a special dress made you know, put on, so. And they'd get their lawyer, we'd get a lawyer you know. A preacher. And they would, you know, read ceremonial the place in the bible to read off you know. And so after they do that reading say would you take this Girl to be your wife? And stand by her Through thick and thin, now and now forever? Say yes.
Interviewer:  {NW}
543:  Exactly. Join hands and take this for your wife. And this for your husband.
Interviewer:  And uh {NW} Did anybody stand up with you?
543:  Wasn't back in them times that didn't anyone stand but lately come up, this is something else {X}
Interviewer:  I see. What do they, what do they call the people that stand up with you?
543:  They
Interviewer:  oh
543:  Wait Wait wait
Interviewer:  {D: Waitmen?}
543:  I think they call it {D: waitmens now}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh And uh, the girl? That stands up with the wife? With the bride? She's uh
543:  Uh what do they call that? The girl stands up with the boy. Listening. These two get married. He will have a boy to Stand by him, oh stand by the girl. And the girl will get another boy to stand by her. And that's the way they {D: goes there}. Oh I see. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Well they call 'em something or other they call them now. There's {D: always} a new name now. We didn't have 'em back that end, but we do have 'em now.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And um. After their wedding, did your friends ever. Give you a, Noisy uh {NW} party?
543:  Yes sir that's right, come time, sometimes they throw, Rice, just scatter rice, all spread it out of course And you know they has a big party there you know, we call it party, you know, there'd be a lot of cake {D: and you put one stuff in another you know}. there at the wedding.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of uh, people Taking a bride and groom out and ringing bells and shooting fire crackers and things like that?
543:  No sir, that happ- well I tell you what I heard of that, but I just wasn't around it you see. I heard of such as that you know. and just scream and #1 And all #
Interviewer:  #2 Play jokes #
543:  Yeah right, right, right, yes sir.
Interviewer:  What, what would they call that? Uh
543:  Ah, cel-uh, celebrate, I don't know what they would call that exactly. Because uh. That sort of something came up later you know, of course I mostly back yonder when I come on, that didn't happen too much then.
Interviewer:  I heard uh. Other people have told me that it used to be called shivaree or uh {D: horhen} Or uh {D: dellon} or uh
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Do any of those sound familiar to you or no?
543:  Well, I #1 don't remember #
Interviewer:  #2 they come from # different parts of
543:  #1 Oh yes sir, sure, that's right, yes sir, yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} mm-hmm #
543:  Different places yes sir.
Interviewer:  Serenade or. Dishpan or. {NW}
543:  Yes sir Serenading, serenading, yes sir that's right serenading.
Interviewer:  And uh If uh When the bride uh A married woman is gonna have a child Uh, you say she's what uh.
543:  Pregnant.
Interviewer:  Pregnant? And did you use to say that? Uh
543:  No sir uh
Interviewer:  Say well she.
543:  No, they didn't use, used to use a similar kind of word. Mostly it was going to have a child.
Interviewer:  Okay, anything that comes to your mind, like.
543:  #1 Yes sir, that's what I mean, yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 {D:interested in}. # Uh {NS} I had a, I had a feeling that they probably didn't say pregnant back then.
543:  #1 No sir, that's, that's right #
Interviewer:  #2 More of a medical term today #
543:  Yes, I call it {X}.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh, right
543:  Educational thing.
Interviewer:  Right, I'm just wondering how they used to, to talk about it uh. Say she's just gonna have a child.
543:  Yes sir, yes sir, they's gonna have a child.
Interviewer:  Uh When uh There's time for the child to come, would you describe what you do uh? No hospital {NW}
543:  No hospital no sir. {D: man}, back that end, they would just call 'em granny. Granny women. It was women that you know would do, wait on them, you know. Back that end. Oh yes sir, man I, {X}. No they didn't know about no doctor, nothing. {D: with it}. That's one thing, we can't get no, {D: lotta birth}. It's hard getting a birth certificate. {D: Or a certificate holder}.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Well anyway, And um um, Back then when I did, I messed up on mine. They didn't turn 'em in right and everything, they just write and didn't think they ever have need them or nothing of the kind, back that end. Yes sir, the uh, these granny women would wait on {D: me}. People were grown and young, {X} back that end.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. How long would she stay uh The granny?
543:  She wouldn't stay long. Probably you know, some of them would take a little longer you know, probably, most of the time it would be at night you know. Probably, they might stay the rest of the night you know, the end of the night, rest of the night. Sometime it'd be in the daytime, as soon as, that-that was over, as soon as she'd had the kid you know, Why, she'd fix it up you know and leave on out. But she would go back in a few days and dress the child and see how's it's getting along. And of course uh She would go back in about three days that navel string would come off, she would go back in. {D: brown a cloth} or burn a cloth and put on it and grease it you know, and put a {D: bandage on it}.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  And that was all of it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. If uh If the uh, child. Uh, resembles a parent, Say that the boy resembles his father, {NW} at birth you say, well that boy really. Uh How did they use to say that?
543:  Yes sir, that was his {X}. He's the one that done it you know and all. {D: you, that's speaking of these young girls}.
Interviewer:  Well uh, yes, and what would they call a child that uh, that was born to a woman who wasn't married? What would they call that child?
543:  Well they call, well I, back that end, they'd call her a Uh, bush Child.
Interviewer:  Bush child? Uh-huh That meant, she, the mother wasn't
543:  #1 Right, right, right. #
Interviewer:  #2 married? #
543:  #1 Right, right, that's right, yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # And uh, If uh, if a young child Say, three or four years old, Uh starts to Well suppose the uh Father has uh very Piercing eyes and the little boy has piercing eyes, you say, well that little boy uh what?
543:  Just like his, just like his daddy.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yes, he's bound to be his daddy's because he favors him in some way.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And suppose uh The father is always laughing you know and happy, And the boy's always happy, you say, well that little fellow
543:  Is taking after his daddy. Just like him, yes sir, yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh Um How would you refer to uh All the children Uh Then you say now I don't have any? At home, they are all in school, now how would you refer to To all of them? Did they say kids, back in your, when you were, young?
543:  No sir, they said children.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Childrens. #1 Children #
Interviewer:  #2 Children #
543:  Children.
Interviewer:  Ah. Kids, is not Didn't used to be used apparently at all.
543:  No sir, no sir, no sir.
Interviewer:  Must be quite recent. And did you ever hear uh {NW} Somebody Say, we had Fourteen, sixteen children? Say, well, yes he's got a whole, what?
543:  Whole bunch of children.
Interviewer:  Whole bunch of children. Did you ever hear a passel Got a whole passel of children?
543:  I don't don't remember that right now.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And uh If you uh {NW} The father's name is John, and the uh Child's name is John, you say, well, they must have named,
543:  After his daddy, yes, after his daddy.
Interviewer:  And uh Uh, if both the parents uh died, I suppose that often happened. What uh, how would they describe the child?
543:  Uh, of this parents.
Interviewer:  Let's say both of them have died.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Then how would they describe the child?
543:  They would say that he's motherless, children.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Would they uh, would they ever say orphan?
543:  Orphan children, there's orphan children, orphan children.
Interviewer:  I see. And uh would somebody be appointed to look after them?
543:  Well of course yes sir well uh Well back that then you know um, just somebody would take it on theyself to see after them. Somebody, people {X}, somebody would have to care for them to take them you know and see after them you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Now, the court uh.
543:  Yes sir, that's right, appoints somebody to someplace.
Interviewer:  They call them uh. they call 'em now a what? Somebody at court actually does name They call them guardian or
543:  We di- that's right, they had them looking over them is the guardian, you know.
Interviewer:  But that didn't use to be the case?
543:  No sir, no sir, no sir, no sir, nothing like that.
Interviewer:  {D: awful, uh-huh}. And uh Did people uh I don't suppose you did on the farm, but uh maybe you did. Uh did you have something with wheels on that you put the baby in? And uh, then you Push it or pull it?
543:  Ye- yes sir, we call that a, well a Stroller.
Interviewer:  Stroller.
543:  Stroller.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh, did you call it a stroller back then, or is that mostly what they call it now?
543:  Well they called it a baby buggy back that end. Yes sir, we called it a baby buggy.
Interviewer:  And uh if, if you wanted to take the baby uh out to show it say to somebody in town, Just take it down the sidewalk to show it off to the neighbors, you'd say I'm gonna what the baby?
543:  Gonna uh
Interviewer:  Just uh In the buggy, what would you do?
543:  Stroll, well you say push it down the Street, in the
Interviewer:  You ever say roll the baby?
543:  Roll, roll the baby.
Interviewer:  Uh, I, I've heard different things, air the baby, gonna ride the baby buggy, gonna roll the baby.
543:  Well, mostly ride the baby down the ride, that's what most you know, most, ride it down, through there, yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh, before it can walk, the baby will get on the floor and do what?
543:  Crawl.
Interviewer:  Pretty fast.
543:  Crawl, yes sir, yes sir. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Okay, and uh, different parts of uh Of the body, anything that you can remember, that they used to say. Uh, for example this part. How did they use to refer to that?
543:  The, throat?
Interviewer:  Well yes. Do you remember, anybody ever saying goozle? For that part? They ever say goozle?
543:  Goozle. Of course, yes sir, that's goozle, yes, they'd mostly call that a goozle.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. That's what I'm interested in, any, any terms that are, words like that.
543:  #1 Yes sir, yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 Remember that, {X} #
543:  Yeah I remember that's the goozle.
Interviewer:  Did they, what did they call this up here?
543:  Your forehead.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh And, any special name for this?
543:  The hair?
Interviewer:  And if somebody, somebody maybe your grandfather had a big A lot of these whiskers grow.
543:  They, they call them whiskers. Mustache
Interviewer:  Mustache?
543:  Mustache?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh And would they ever say beard or,
543:  Some folks would call them beards you know, but most of them would call them mustache? #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. # Uh-huh. And uh. Um, this would be my,
543:  Ear.
Interviewer:  Which one?
543:  The left.
Interviewer:  And this would be my.
543:  Right ear. Yeah.
Interviewer:  And uh, this part,
543:  Would be your mouth.
Interviewer:  And you say the goozle was,
543:  The goozle's down here.
Interviewer:  Just this one. Bony part.
543:  Yeah, that's right, that bone part, that's that goozle.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And this part here would be,
543:  Neck.
Interviewer:  And you say you had one?
543:  Tooth.
Interviewer:  But, two.
543:  Teeth.
Interviewer:  Did you ever call this t-
543:  Eye teeth, eye tooth, yes, eye tooth.
Interviewer:  And uh, underneath, the uh teeth, you have the red part.
543:  Uh What is that that that's Gum.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Just uh, take your time sir, if you can remember anything anything that you used to call it.
543:  Sure.
Interviewer:  Uh. And uh on your hand, this part.
543:  Is the palm of your hand.
Interviewer:  And uh, you have one.
543:  Fist.
Interviewer:  But two.
543:  Fist.
Interviewer:  Okay.
543:  Two fist.
Interviewer:  And uh, uh, anything, any place where you. Might get arthritis, you call that a what?
543:  Your knee. In the knee.
Interviewer:  Okay, and the thing that forms, your, the knee is one of this.
543:  Call it what, a muscle.
Interviewer:  Okay, and anything moves,
543:  The leader, the leader. Jerk.
Interviewer:  Okay, and uh {NW} This part of a man's body.
543:  Is his breast.
Interviewer:  And uh, you've got one whole.
543:  {D: liter} {D: whole muscle}
Interviewer:  And you have this whole thing.
543:  Uh, fingers
Interviewer:  Okay, and uh the whole thing.
543:  Would be your hand. #1 Yes #
Interviewer:  #2 Yes. # Did you ever call, did you ever hear people calling them anything else?
543:  The hand.
Interviewer:  Say, let's see your Sometimes there's somebody said They might call them, your mitts.
543:  Oh, mitten, No mitten, no mitts.
Interviewer:  Uh Different words
543:  Oh we had a say, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Um Okay, and this whole thing.
543:  The leg.
Interviewer:  Did uh, would, when you were young, uh did you refer to a woman's leg, or would you likely say, that's, that's, her limb.
543:  Limb, well, we would, we would just, we would say leg. Leg, yeah, that's that's what we, yes sir, her leg.
Interviewer:  Do you think a limb, why do people say limbs?
543:  Well, That that's what they've been taught politely
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  About the limbs.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Uh Course, that's what they did teaching them now, you know the limbs you know. {NS} and this one body. {X} the limbs and the {X} {NW} that body
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  But back that end we just said leg, that's right yes sir.
Interviewer:  And then you'd have one.
543:  Foot.
Interviewer:  But two.
543:  {NS} Two foots.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh this part where it hurts if you get kicked?
543:  Oh man {NW} I can feel mine hurting now, that there leg bone. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Do, did people use to call that shanks or what?
543:  Shank, I.
Interviewer:  Or shin or.
543:  Shank bone Uh mostly we just call it leg back at end, leg.
Interviewer:  Leg bone?
543:  Yes sir, and this thigh bone, thigh.
Interviewer:  And if a man would get down, Like this, {NS} To talk to another man, you say he's down on his, what?
543:  Hunkers.
Interviewer:  I see, and he'd say well he's hunkering.
543:  Hunkering down, yes sir, that's right, that's right, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Okay, and uh. Then uh, more questions about just ordinary life uh People I'm sure got sick in those days, would you tell me something about uh um how you would describe their, Uh What they would get sick from and what you do for it and so on? Any recollections that you have.
543:  #1 Yes sir, of course such as having a #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: doctors and hospitals} #
543:  No, we didn't have too much hospitals then. We just doctor it at home. Course we had little doctors out in the rural you know. Ride their horses, buggy yes and come out and give you some salt or something or other We'd have the flu you know, and they'd come out and give us some, I don't know what kind of medicine, something tastes like salt, and come back in a few days. Just
Interviewer:  Suppose somebody, uh had been feeling okay, but at night Got suddenly, needed a doctor, you'd say, well, I don't know what's the matter, all the sudden he, what?
543:  He sick. Took bad sick.
Interviewer:  Bad sick.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And {NW} The next day, you'd say, well how are you? And uh, the person might say, what?
543:  He's, he's better?
Interviewer:  I'm feeling.
543:  Pretty well.
Interviewer:  Pretty well?
543:  Prett- well see, pretty well the next day.
Interviewer:  And uh, the doctor might say, well, you're uh You're doing much better, so there's nothing to, what?
543:  Nothing to just, just wait, you'll get well.
Interviewer:  And you ever say now, don't worry.
543:  Yeah, don't worry about it, you'll get well, gotta help 'em feel better.
Interviewer:  What did people used to uh smoke in the old days?
543:  We, we smoked a lot of rabbit tobacco.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
543:  Yes sir. You know what they call rabbit tobacco.
Interviewer:  No I don't.
543:  Something grew out on the little stalks out wide you know, we'd get it and dry, and grind it up and smoke it. Of course and we used to smoke old {D: pot cob} pipes you know, homemade cob pipes. Get us old corn cobs, take a knife, and scrape it out so about the size of a {D: corn on a pipe}. Get us old cane that grew out wild, cane, cut ourself a giant {D: long} bore a little hole in that cob just like a pipe. And we'd smoke it.
Interviewer:  Did uh, did you have a chance to buy things to smoke, like they do now?
543:  Not too much, no sir.
Interviewer:  How much did it cost? I wonder
543:  Ah you could get a big old sack if you were able to get tobacco, I mean money. You could get a big old sack for a nickel or ten cents for a great big old sack of tobacco.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  But the thing is uh, the thing is made made up already?
543:  Cigarettes.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm, and-
543:  Cigars.
Interviewer:  Cigars?
543:  We didn't do too much of that, no sir cause wasn't able to buy 'em. And they wouldn't sell many of that, no sir.
Interviewer:  I suppose they're pretty expensive.
543:  Well yes sir, yes sir, uh.
Interviewer:  The cigars in the old days used to be uh, for bankers only.
Interviewer:  And if uh, somebody uh, Couldn't hear, you'd say, well, he's stone.
543:  Deaf.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh, that's uh.
543:  Deaf.
Interviewer:  They didn't have any hearing aids or anything, you just,
543:  No sir, this-this-this-that's just all, this.
Interviewer:  Suppose uh, somebody went hunting and uh, {C: distorted} {C: audio cut off} Got shot, accidentally. {C: distorted} {NW} What would you call a place, say a, bullet went through his arm. {C: distorted} Say well that's, he's got a big, ugly. What?
543:  Hole of {D: sow}? {D: Sow}, hole, shot in it. {NS: loud rumble}
Interviewer:  Okay uh, and and, to heal, you'd say, well that, that hole or that. What would you call that?
543:  {NW} Heal on up?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh a uh, would you call it a wound or a {X} or?
543:  I {D:just say}, we would call back then just a sow, that sow, where you got shot {D: heal up} {C: distorted}
Interviewer:  If it didn't heal, {C: distorted} Right away, and I guess Old skin around it uh, what would you call that skin?
543:  Well we'd just call that's uh dead skin, is you know, is uh peeling off {X} around there you know, We just call it this this dead skin is not healing up you know.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear anybody call it proud flesh?
543:  I might have did, but we just mostly back that end call it {X} New names, you got lately. #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh # dead skin.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh, you didn't have anything to put on it, did you, or did you?
543:  Well, just nothing but there's something we uh, made, you know maybe put a little grease and something like that on it. Or maybe, sometime put a little, drop or two, just something {D: with weakness in it} A little grease, uh maybe make up a little grease something, uh lard, or Something like that, and put a little soda, a drop or two of turpentine or something little to make it,
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
543:  Put that on there like that there.
Interviewer:  Uh, you have turpentine, but you wouldn't have uh, anything like uh, they have now to {X}
543:  Nothing, no sir, no sir, no sir nothing.
Interviewer:  What, what uh, what did you use for your children when they were coming along?
543:  Uh, own {D: sows} anyway, something while where we takes uh a little lard, and kelp, and turpentine, or something like that and mix it up. And make a salve and put on that you know.
Interviewer:  Did you ever have any iodine or?
543:  Nothing, no sir, no sir, that wasn't.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  If it was made, we didn't get a chance to get it-
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  No sir.
Interviewer:  Suppose you had a, a small pimple, say on your face or on your arm, and it got to be real big, you'd, what would you call that?
543:  Well we'd call that a ringworm.
Interviewer:  I see. And if it was more of a pimple, and it swelled up, what would you call that?
543:  Well sometime, you know, woulda, maybe call it a wart.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Look like sometimes it maybe that's what we'd call that a wart, on there you know.
Interviewer:  And if it got red uh.
543:  #1 Well I tell you, if it got red again, #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  We just take some caster oil and grease that good, and it would disappear.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh,
543:  Course, I, back that end, probably I don't know what they call them now, {D: councils} or what they would be, we didn't have them back then too much.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh, did you ever have pimples that got infected?
543:  Not too much.
Interviewer:  Especially children I think sometimes would have pimples and they get infected and they get real big. I was wondering what you call them.
543:  Ah let's see.
Interviewer:  If they were full of something, you have to pinch them. Uh {X} Do you remember that at all?
543:  {D: crow's eye}. {NW} {X} Rises
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  That's what we would #1 call them #
Interviewer:  #2 I see #
543:  rises
Interviewer:  Now today they call them mostly, what? Instead of rising they say. Boils?
543:  Boils. Of course, yes sir we- we would, we would have some boils, right. That's right.
Interviewer:  Now, is a boil the same as a rising?
543:  Well almost {X} you know, yes sir, yes sir.
Interviewer:  What would you call that stuff inside that was inside?
543:  We'd call it corruption.
Interviewer:  Corruption. {NW}
543:  Corruption.
Interviewer:  And uh, if you uh, rubbed a place, and your foot um, Shoes didn't fit. What would you get on sore place on your foot, what would you call that?
543:  A sole, we would call it a, {C: muttering}
Interviewer:  A real rough place on your foot.
543:  Well mostly we'd just call it a rubbed sole on the foot.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh And that would be full of what?
543:  Corruption.
Interviewer:  Uh, or.
543:  Uh.
Interviewer:  Water or something?
543:  Yes sir, that's right. {C: muttering} We'd call, still call that. My corruption is white. The infected is something.
Interviewer:  Uh, if you had just a, a {D:rupture}, though it wouldn't necessarily be infected, it might be a, Just some water underneath there,
543:  #1 Yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 Did you ever hear that called humor? # Humor?
543:  No sir, we didn't.
Interviewer:  Not sure what that means but uh.
543:  Sure, we didn't call that {X}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh And uh, people get older, we call it arthritis nowadays, but what did people use to call it?
543:  Uh Rheumatism. #1 Rheumatism, yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Rheumatism, uh-huh. # And uh, did children have much trouble with uh very sore throats?
543:  Yes sir, they had uh trouble with sore throats {X}
Interviewer:  And even die from, from them.
543:  Yes sir. That's right.
Interviewer:  What did that, what would you call that disease?
543:  Uh, Well. I just remember never to call it. {D: Call it sometime, call it scrap throat now but.}
Interviewer:  Does uh, diphtheria.
543:  I believe it was a diphtheria. I remember several children That's what it was, wasn't it.
Interviewer:  With children uh, get very sore.
543:  Right, that's right, yes sir. #1 {D: in theory} #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. # They might die.
543:  Yes sir, yes sir, I remember now {X} Several died back over there you know when they, this-
Interviewer:  They give shots for it now so #1 Oh yeah, yes sir, yes sir, sure #
543:  #2 {X} # Yes sir.
Interviewer:  I know when I was a boy, that was a real. {NS}
543:  Yes sir, I remember one family where they had three small children died in one family. This, they call it the diphtheria, you know what, throat swelling and all. {D: Who} didn't have doctors like they got now, nothing.
Interviewer:  Kind of sad thing you see children suffer #1 Right, right, yes sir, yes sir. #
543:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  And uh When you have a liver disease, what would that turn, cause you to have? Your eyes might turn real yellow.
543:  Yeah, uh, diphther- was that? No I think it was diphtheria. {X}
Interviewer:  {D: Is it jaundice?}
543:  Oh, well. {X} too much you know it is a Course, You think back in our time we didn't, some would, some would die you know and we just wouldn't know what it was. Of course. I've seen people like that. But I wouldn't know what it was back yonder.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh, what did you use to, as a boy, {NS} Say you ate your supper and you got sick and it came back, how would you describe that?
543:  We call it {C: laughing}. We uh, uh pu- puke.
Interviewer:  Puked? Uh-huh And if somebody uh wanted to make a joke about it, what would you call it?
543:  Oh uh, it
Interviewer:  Same thing?
543:  Yes sir it's about the same thing, of course you just, We puked.
Interviewer:  And uh, uh, say well, you puked, you must uh what? #1 Ate too much. #
543:  #2 {X} stomach. # That's it, yes sir, ate too much. {X} Upsetting you know, cause they have a soft stomach.
Interviewer:  And you'd say, well you must be sick, what?
543:  Sick at stomach?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh In the old days, we call it appendicitis, now if you had a pain down here, what did you use to call it, do you remember? Uh
543:  Well back yonder then, we wouldn't, we would've found we, we, we just didn't know too much about that.
Interviewer:  Maybe you called it uh, Did, did you have that word appendix, uh?
543:  Well I believe it did back yonder, several years ago they called it a {D: penicide}. And and it's from eating blackberries, and blackberry seeds got in their appendix or something other, you know like that, inside of there, and that's what they would... And sometime they would put a ice bag to it you know and remove it and have it they have it you know.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  But uh, either you You got well or it was too bad.
543:  Well, right yes sir, yes sir that's it, that's it, this,
Interviewer:  Alright
543:  yes sir.
Interviewer:  How about uh, um Colds and sneezing and all that, uh you'd say, did you have much of that?
543:  Yes sir, {X} Sneezing.
Interviewer:  How would you uh, How would it come about, uh, what would cause it?
543:  Well they said you know from uh, you know, exposure, and turning you know, maybe getting wet or something or other you know, and of course uh You know, takes some uh {NW} Well you take {D: back that end} why they would uh, Get some tar, mm- homemade tar, get some rich pine. Pine wood and uh put it in a hole, And put a fire under it and burn it, let that tar drip down and get that tar. And uh, we'd put it in some water and drank that for that bad cold.
Interviewer:  Oh you would?
543:  Oh yes sir, it's good for it too, yes sir, that's right. And I know {D: that back that end} that tar was real good you know and all, and uh. And the {D: stock} that we would get you know and it did have a {D: stample} or something like that where my daddy would get that tar and pour in them feathers, get some chicken feathers and pour it on there. Set the fire, let it burn, just smoke, {NW} I want some fire coal, put that tar in that steamer. Of course sir, that would be good for the children, of course they could smell it that bucket before he had that in a wooden bucket. Of course that would loosen that coal up you know, and breathe in hits you know.
Interviewer:  #1 It was good. Right! Yes sir, yes sir, that's right. #
543:  #2 Oh you breathe it up. Uh-huh #
Interviewer:  And uh If coal affected your voice, you say, well, he's, he's what? {C: creepy voice} He would talk like it.
543:  {X} Yes, right, yes sir.
Interviewer:  How, how would you describe that?
543:  Well, of course you know, get that way you know uh, they would uh put uh a few drops of turpentine and some water. And um uh, maybe drink some that and uh gargle their throat with salt.
Interviewer:  Mm turpentine.
543:  Yes sir, right, turpentine are real good you know.
Interviewer:  And uh You say the coal must have made him Sound real,
543:  Yes sir, get him a sore throat and all, that's what we'd call it.
Interviewer:  So it's uh hoarse?
543:  Yeah, were there {D: hoarses} {X} Right, they call that the {D: steble} or the {D: horse hair.}
Interviewer:  Oh
543:  Oh yes sir, {D: their's throat} would swell up you know and {X} Uh, just started as a bad cold, they cough and go home you know. Some of them die if you didn't do nothing for them, they would.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 And the uh # The feathers and the turpentine would make uh,
543:  Ye- yes sir, that's it, feathers and turpentine and that tar all together burning {X} Hold it in their mouth you know, when they breathe it in their throat and their you know, nose. And then they'd blow that out and just cut it out.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Yes sir, {D: it'd good}.
Interviewer:  That's for {D: stembles}.
543:  Yes sir, yes sir, yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh, somebody would have, have it out of his head, out of his throat, and then it'll settle in his chest, #1 Yes sir, right right. #
543:  #2 what would you call that? # Uh we'd call that the {D:pneumonia}.
Interviewer:  I see. And uh, uh, could you get When you would strain to get something up, what would you call that? You say cough or what?
543:  Cough. Coughing it. Yes sir, oh yeah, course you have extreme coughing, yeah they call that coughing it, cough.
Interviewer:  And uh, if his throat got sore, that he couldn't eat, you say, he just can't...
543:  Can't, can't swallow anything, that's that's right.
Interviewer:  And uh, did you ever use uh anything from the druggist or?
543:  No sir, we didn't ever, back in them times we didn't do it no sir. They didn't get nothing from the drug.
Interviewer:  Did uh, people in town use anything like uh, oh something for malaria or anything like that? Quinine or?
543:  Oh yes sir, that's right, they would take some quinine and uh use quinine for that too, of course a little quinine to help it, you know.
Interviewer:  But country people wouldn't.
543:  No sir, they wouldn't, they wouldn't no sir, couldn't get to town, we out in the country.
Interviewer:  And if you're sick and uh {NW} have a fever, And a, your clothes just get wet, you say well he... He what?
543:  Sweating a fever off.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Did any kind of medicine cause that or?
543:  Uh #1 No #
Interviewer:  #2 Just, stay warm. #
543:  Just stay warm mostly would be to {X} best for it You know, just cover up you know, good and dry. And of course you take back yonder olden time then, there's a little weed out there they call a golden rod. Oh boy, we would get that you know and gather it and put it wa- put it in water and brew the leaves of it you know and put it in water and drink that and that would cause you to sweat that fever off. That's good for it, you know, yes.
Interviewer:  Golden rod.
543:  Yes, a golden rod, what we'd call it you know.
Interviewer:  And if a man didn't uh get well and he, he uh. He died, what, how would you, In the old days, what would you say about, how would you describe that? Uh. You might not say to his widow, I'm sorry to hear your husband died, you say, I'm sorry he, what?
543:  He dead.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Dead, yes, I'm sorry he dead you know.
Interviewer:  And uh. Did you ever use any other words? Uh Without dead or die in them?
543:  Oh I just mostly calls you lose your husband or something, or lose your.
Interviewer:  Pass?
543:  Pass, right, yes it's called they lose them.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir, that's mostly it.
Interviewer:  And uh, suppose you didn't like the man uh, Say, well I hear old such and such.
543:  He, he, he dead.
Interviewer:  Dead?
543:  Dead.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear, old such and such kicked the bucket?
543:  That done kicked your bucket yes. So and so done kick your bucket. Kicking the bucket. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay.
543:  Yes sir. Yes sir, that's-.
Interviewer:  And say, well, I don't know what he died uh. I heard he was sick but I don't know what he died... Died of or died from or what?
543:  Don't know what ail-, what, what caused him you know. Don't know what killed him you know, don't know what he died of, from.
Interviewer:  And uh. Did uh, would you describe the, the funeral? Would you describe how you used to prepare the body and uh. And have the funeral and bury it, would you describe that?
543:  Well,
Interviewer:  Could you remember it?
543:  I remember back yonder, I {D: helped} make coffins. Bury men. I did it. Yes sir. We'd take a big wide plank of course and saw into it and saw into it until we could bend it and put hot water, boiling water on it, the wood would bend sort of like a coffin. Just like I said, we just gonna build a house and of course, we just, look it out you know and call, and and, yeah we takes. Maybe and put two planks together if it we didn't have plumb wide enough for you know, to lay 'em in. Of course, we would saw into that you know and sawed into it and pour hot water on that, boiling water. And we could bend it in you know, to sort of shape like a coffin.
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 And you just bend the uh, the plank. #
543:  In, yeah.
Interviewer:  fourths
543:  That's right, they bent it, yes sir that's right. {NW} Shape it sort of like a coffin you know. You sawing that, it's a piece the way the {D: whole head} would bend you know, so it's straight that way you know sawing that and then pour hot water on that {D: whole head would} bend in and not break. Yes sir, and make that coffin you know and get some black cloth and. {NW} Put, put, put, clo- black make black clothes and put on them you know. And of course {X} Church or have the funeral you know and set them up there you know and have their funeral. Preach about how they lived and all like that you know.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  How we miss 'em.
Interviewer:  Did the family uh, with the family would grieve wear black clothes? You'd say, well, they are, well they are in what?
543:  In mourn, in mourn, we say yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh, The uh, after the funeral, were, would you describe how they would go to the.
543:  Yes sir, they, they would. {X} Let all the visitors pass by you know and open the box up where they could see 'em you know. Showing the last respect. All march around, you know, and let this family, the whole family, then let them march around and look at it you know. And all get around then and {X} Get on to the cemetery.
Interviewer:  And uh. Uh, did they bury the uh, at the cemetery, in front of the family, #1 Yes sir, they buried, right, no sir. #
543:  #2 Or did the family leave? # Back that end, they would just bury 'em. They'd stay right there and bury 'em
Interviewer:  #1 I see #
543:  #2 'til the last # covered up then, all march away, dismiss them.
Interviewer:  Okay, that's very interesting. Um, I'd like to ask you now other things about people uh. How you describe them uh, suppose somebody's uh, real strong and a lot of muscles and so on, how would you des- Describe say uh, In the old days Somebody, some young man growing up like that? He's gonna be mighty what?
543:  Oh mighty stout you know and all, yes sir. Mighty strong, strong man.
Interviewer:  A lot of muscle.
543:  Yes sir, all that big muscle and everything.
Interviewer:  And if somebody uh, is not so stout. And he worked hard, At the end of the day, he would be very, what?
543:  Weak.
Interviewer:  He would be all, He might say you uh, I worked hard to day and I'm all, what?
543:  {X} {NW} Yes sir. Tired.
Interviewer:  And uh, If uh, If he was worse than that, uh, I'm just, I'm just, I'm just, all what?
543:  All nerves to give out. Or something else you know.
Interviewer:  Did you, you hear wore out? Worn out?
543:  Wore out. Don't you ever say this? Wore out. In a day's work.
Interviewer:  And if somebody had been sick um. And you saw him on the streets, and he looked, he didn't look well. He's, he's out, but he doesn't look well, how would you describe him?
543:  Well, {D: he's all} he looks bad.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  He looks pale and bad. Looks weak.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh, did you ever hear anybody say peaked?
543:  Peaked, peakish. He look real peakish.
Interviewer:  That that, that means uh, weak.
543:  Weak, weak, weak, weak, yes, and pale, like peakish.
Interviewer:  And a boy that's growing up. Too fast, and he grows, he shoots up and he doesn't know what to do with his arms.
543:  Right, yes I've seen it.
Interviewer:  How do, how do you describe him?
543:  Well he just uh, Out of fashion or something a little like that you know. {X}
Interviewer:  Kind of awkward?
543:  Yeah, awkward, yes that's right, sure, yes sir.
Interviewer:  And if uh, some young girl is uh, Uh, real, full of life, uh, you say, well she's, she's what uh? {NS}
543:  Well Back then we'd just call them, full of energy or too fast or something
Interviewer:  #1 like that #
543:  #2 I see. # you know and all.
Interviewer:  And uh,if an older person, Say somebody in his eighties, Still gets around, uh you say, well he's mighty what?
543:  Super, super, yes sir, super and uh. Lively or super and all.
Interviewer:  Uh. Okay, and uh. Somebody who smiles and laughs a lot and easy to get along with, you'd describe him as...
543:  What, uh well I tell you what, we'd call it friendly.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh, Somebody who's just the opposite, that you tell him something and he just won't believe it. Won't change his mind, what would you call him?,
543:  No sir, that's uh, oh, well what we'd call it ignorant. {NW}
Interviewer:  Say he's just uh,
543:  Shh!
Interviewer:  {X} Or bull headed or?
543:  Yes sir or uh, Rebellious or something now that they call it, you know, yes sir, just. Wanna have his way you know and.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Suppose you talk about some lady, who gets mad, awfully easy. You can hurt her feelings and she gets mad, what do you say?
543:  You call that ha- hot tempered.
Interviewer:  Hot temper.
543:  Hot tempered, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And uh, somebody Some man uh if you just say the wrong thing to him, he's ready to fight, what do you call him?
543:  Yes sir we'd call that hot tempered, just a hot tempered they wanna fight, it just, ain't right.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Did you hear either of them called touches?
543:  Touches, yes sir, that's right,
Interviewer:  #1 What is that? #
543:  #2 call them # Touches. Touches. Well that's all I get, it's almost like catching up with somebody says something and you know they don't mean no harm or nothing you know. Why, or he just, touches him you know, just upset him.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm, and uh,
543:  Just the least little thing is upsetting is touches.
Interviewer:  And you might say, somebody's about ready to get, lose his temper and fight #1 Right, right. #
543:  #2 just about now, just what? #
Interviewer:  What would you say?
543:  Well just be, be, take it easy, be quiet, don't.
Interviewer:  Calm down?
543:  Yeah, right right, calm down, yes sir, yes.
Interviewer:  And uh. Somebody uh, Oh, {NW} Not uh, Dirty, but just uh, You know, has things all over, uh doesn't pick up things, how would you describe her?
543:  Well, We would mostly say they filthy.
Interviewer:  I see. You know, uh. Especially if she leaves uh, Food, money, people could come in and steal it. Yes sir. You say, well, she should be less, what?
543:  Look carelessly that has this careless we'd call it you know, carelessly. She should be more uh, you know uh. Strict about that you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh, somebody who uh. Oh, it doesn't harm anybody but he's, he acts uh, he doesn't act just like other people. Say well he's he's a little, what? Uh.
543:  {NW} He could call him, he- he's a little off.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Off. {NS}
Interviewer:  Do uh, {D:when your own days}, do they ever call him a little queer?
543:  #1 Oh yes sir, yes sir, yes sir, he's a, #
Interviewer:  #2 What, what does that? #
543:  {D: Quirme} Well there's just something like that you know, a {D: quirme, quirme}. He just, you know, he don't act like other people you see. And so, we don't know how to handle them. Because you, might do something or say something to him he wouldn't like, you know, what is this. {D: quire} And so, we just don't know how to handle them, we just don't {X} have anything much to do with him because we don't know what, Would suit him and what would not.
Interviewer:  I see, uh, you wouldn't uh, That's not a bad thing or is it?
543:  No sir, it's not a bad thing, you see, that's just his way you see, and so just have to.
Interviewer:  Learn to live with it.
543:  That's right.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And, {NW} If uh, A woman uh, Uh Is, is really concerned about her children, But she's too concerned, she's just always, what? Uh.
543:  Well Always meddling you know. In their things and not doing what she ought to do. And, you know, leaving off something, uh. Oh and you know, that this, see this, don't do what she should do by the way she should do about it. Maybe she don't understand how and what's the best of what, and do things.
Interviewer:  If they're away from home, and she's uh, Real upset, you say, well now just calm down and don't be so, what? Uh.
543:  So hot tempered or something like that.
Interviewer:  You ever say uneasy?
543:  Oh yes sir, that's right, so. It happened to me the other day on the bus, must I tell that?
Interviewer:  Yeah, sure.
543:  Well, I hauls all of them, you know. I said white and the black and the mix and the {X} good to 'em all I don't make no difference And so, one lady, she, told a little girl she, so tall, about ten years old. Stay at the the school and she'd pick her up. And take her to the doctor. Of course this child, during the day, had done forgotten. And I'm gonna tell you something about that, you learn how people's trying to raise the children, who is and who's not. When you haul a bunch of them out, and so, this little child come to me, she call me Mister. {B} Mister {B} Says oh I'm in trouble and crying. She said, I, when they, well see I'll pick you up before school. And got out of second {X} She says, I forgot, I forgot. {X} And I was supposed to get my mother to pick me up at the school. She says I'm in trouble and cried, I said honey don't cry, come, we come on. We went and call for her, but we couldn't find her she, you know, before school she's going here and there. And so we decided to {X} Oxford High School out here and going home, and she gonna come at the last place and pick up we thought. We got out to her home and she sitting there waiting on her you know, she gonna come on home. And I said, I said, Miss I said don't. Uh she's left a the high school. Said she oughta come on home! But then she got confused and we didn't know what to do, and she come on in and I said lay down, I said please don't whoop this child. I'm going to do this, I'm going to do that to this child, she oughta come on home after she left. She had no business forgetting. I said lady please don't do that. I said that child act like {X} She was crying and going on, say she's in trouble, I said that'd be something to {D: cheer her inch a while}. It would kill- what is happening or going on you know, and she smile and said well I'm gonna tell her. And so I said please don't, this time I said now she just forgot, and I said she is crying. I said I see you trying to raise your child you know. But, one of the next days and I asked the child did she whoop her and she said, no, she just. {NW} {X} But some of them don't care, they just, don't know how.
Interviewer:  But you put a good word in for her so.
543:  Sure, sure, sure, that's right, yes sir. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  When you uh, would see a. A um. See somebody who gets along with everybody else, doesn't put on any airs. You'd say, well, she's, she's just real, what?
543:  Shoot, I would, we could call her real nice. {D: amenable}
Interviewer:  And uh, did you call her common?
543:  Common, right, yes sir, that's right, just common.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear anybody mean something bad when they say, well, she's, she's no good, she's common.
543:  Yeah, well, I've heard them say it but, I don' know {X}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Ah, there seems to be two meanings for that uh I'm not sure. It's just as you say it, I'm not sure when, when it's bad.
543:  Not unless you go through with them.
Interviewer:  Right, right.
543:  Yes sir. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  You say your wife is Pentecostal, Are you also?
543:  Yes sir, yes sir, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh, what are some of the other churches around here that are, Pretty strong?
543:  Well It's a church up here, well. There's two more churches. Well, tell you what, it's, you know, we build churches, the same church out in the country about sixteen miles, same church up here you know. {NS} They're just to be handy, the same denomination. There's another one up here on the hill, about four and a half miles, other words right on the edge of town. It's the Pentecostal church, but, They believe in paying tithes, you understand what that intends?
Interviewer:  Ten.
543:  Tenth of it, their earning.
Interviewer:  Oh, I see.
543:  We don't, we free wheel Pentecostal.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm, I see.
543:  There's the difference between Pentecostal churches.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh, what are some of the other churches, different denominations?
543:  Different denomina-? Oh yes sir, there's all about here, oh it's about this church over here on the hill. I reckon that and then a second Baptist church right there in town, you know.
Interviewer:  Is that the strongest church?
543:  This Baptist church probably. It's got the, you mean the most members.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Right, Church of Christ over here did have a bunch of {D: steel gotta sell}. Members, Church of God and Christ. Church of Christ, {D: Just to Christ} That's what they did. Yes, they sell churches around you know. Presbyterian {X} Is about the second oldest, man there's a lot of churches. The strongest church in town mostly was a {X} Baptist church. I don't know what kind of baptist it is. {X} Right at the edge of town, probably. Well yes, {D: I had a corporation I think}. Old peoples in that church. Still bigger and building it bigger. That's the biggest church in town.
Interviewer:  And in the old days, would you describe uh, uh, something about how you become a member and?
543:  Well just, now I tell you what, yes it's starting, or uh I used to be a Baptist. Raised up like that, close to the church about three miles from the church out there you know. Of course, that's where I first started out you know. Oh that was an old tiny church, maybe that's what used to be meant people would come We was talking about that the other day Twenty-two miles in a buggy, or horseback, come in have church and go back. {X} See that's kind of a neighborhood church you know and uh want to go to that church and we had kinfolks and. We used to live there and all {X} Church, you know, they'd come in. And that's a big church there you know, and it's a Baptist you know, and of course they preached it you know and all. And uh, the priest had to be baptized you know and join the church you know, in, in, you know. Quit uh doing bad things you know, don't gamble, don't, you know. Wasn't supposed to drink, you know, such as that, you see. And of course, that's the way we did. And we lived about three miles, we'd walk. And, two going to that church why, back in them times, we'd go in a wagon. We were happy to get to go to church in a wagon on a Sunday. We'd get them old mules up through the summer and get them up at you know after {D: it done got through laying by that crop}. Put them in a lock so we'd have them Sunday morning. Well, about a day or two before Sunday, we'd get that wagon wheel off and carry it down there to the creek and put it in the creek and let it swell tight 'til the tire won't come off it. You ride it to church, get back at the {D: party} on Sunday.
Interviewer:  I see, that's how you'd uh Uh, I'd like to ask you more about that and then we'll come back to the church services. Uh, why would you have to uh soak the wheel?
543:  Well see, it's it's like a wagon, see we had a wagon, when we set them up you know we wouldn't be using them probably for a week you know, and that wood would shrink up. And that tire would, you know, going along over the road You know that tire would slip off.
Interviewer:  Ah, that's interesting. Uh, would you describe to me more about how a wheel was made for a wagon? Uh, you have the tire and then what would be under the tire?
543:  That would be the, well they'd call it the felloe They would call it, be called a felloe.
Interviewer:  Now that's that wood.
543:  That's right, that would be the felloe, right under that tire, and then the spokes would be spokes you know, hook into that felloe you see. Bore holes in that there thing you know and them spokes go in that felloe they call it, it'd be a wooden rim. You would cut that rim and angle the wooden beams around. And put them together about so far And and you know, you'd cut it to where it would be the tire would be so large you know, and when you first put them on there, they would uh, oh they got a outfit they'd lay 'em down and drive 'em on you know. Of course that wagon would hardly drive in three or four years after being pushed, make a wagon. But when they get old that way, then that there wood would shrink up you know.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir. And that tire, just a steel tire on top of that you know to keep that wood, and hold that wood together you know. {X} As I said that wood would shrink up you know that tire would slip off you know. But we would take it and have it swell put that water in it and that wood would swell up tight where that wouldn't come off for several days.
Interviewer:  And then the spokes would come down and into a?
543:  A hoop they call it.
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  Yes sir, the hoop, that's right.
Interviewer:  That's wood?
543:  Yeah, yes sir that's a wooden hoop around that. {X} had a little {X} To go round that to hold that together you see. It's made out in the little, Little places you know, little pieces of wood you know and if they have small little rim go that steel rim and hold it together. Alright, and then they got a hole in that you see, and that's steel, of course the factory made that you know. And they'd drive that up in there, good and tight, you know, and maybe put some glue around it you see. And then put that on the axle, on the axle you see, and just.
Interviewer:  How, how would you uh keep that from, from making a lot of noise, when you're not around?
543:  Oh well, see, uh, now on that there in that hoop, it's a, something sort of like. Oh yes, a piece of iron. #1 Drove up in there. #
Interviewer:  #2 Drove it up? #
543:  Well, let's see. Well I tell you it's sorta like this, You suck the {X} up in that hoop you know. Just drove up in that hoop. Alright, here's, here's, here's steel. Alright, then it's only in this axle. There's another, big, big piece of axle. Steel made of course you know, and it goes through there. It sticks out, and so it's gotta. Outfit made on it that's that's screw a nut on it you see. Real tight, well you put axle grease in the {X}. Some old grease you know. On that there axle you know, Ten or fifteen miles, something a little like.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh you would? #
543:  #2 that. # Yes sir, got regular axle grease, pull that wheel off and put that on that. Oh man they'd run, don't make no racket at all,
Interviewer:  hmm
543:  just run.
Interviewer:  You put uh, you'd put that much, that often? You'd have to.
543:  Yes sir, we would put, yes that's right, put about oh, maybe two, About two big tablespoon full of that grease in there, you know, yes sir, it runs good.
Interviewer:  I was never aware of being, uh, I think it would squeak a lot, but that grease.
543:  Oh, no, no sir, that grease, yes sir, if you didn't, you could hear {NW} Wail it out too and making it right.
Interviewer:  I suppose so.
543:  Yes sir, oh yes sir, yes sir, yes sir, sure, sure.
Interviewer:  Where would you get the actual grease?
543:  Oh in town. To the stores you know. Uh we'd get a box you know. It wouldn't cost much, about 25 cents. Oh it'd last. Oh using the wagon regularly, it would last uh three or four months.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
543:  Yes sir, yes sir.
Interviewer:  That's uh.
543:  Yes sir, there's
Interviewer:  #1 I didn't #
543:  #2 some more. #
Interviewer:  I never understood.
543:  Yes sir, I see.
Interviewer:  And it's something else I see that people are gonna forget.
543:  Oh man man!
Interviewer:  They'll never know.
543:  No sir, no sir, that's right, sure.
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Okay, well I, I'd like to ask you more about the church.
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 And then. # {X} Felt pretty lucky to be able to go to church in a wagon, right?
543:  Right, oh man yes sir, yes sir. Walk with us, ride on the horse or something, mules.
Interviewer:  And uh, how would the church uh, how would the service go on, would you describe that?
543:  Oh yes sir, of course we'd go to the church you know then, and of course uh. We'd have deacons. And then a bunch of members you know. Well we had the deacons, the deacons would you know open service you know. Well we'd go ahead that then and the deacon would sing a song at the beginning. And uh, then. One would get down and pray. Uh, they'd get up there, would kneel down on their knees and pray a prayer. And get up there and sing another big song you know. And another would get down and pray, about three prayers you know. And one at a time, that's the way we did it back then, the Baptists. And then get up and sing a song and then. Well, we'd turn to service then in the hands of the preacher. Then he'd get up and sing them a song you know, and take his text, whatever he wants to preach in the Bible you know. Well he'd preach then of course. People'd get happy sometimes and shout, and so when he's preaching and talking and telling the Bible, so we'd holler amen turn you know, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Would you call that uh, would you call the preaching, regular, you call it sermon?
543:  Sermon! Yes sir, that's right, we'd call that a sermon, he preached a sermon.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh. Was somebody uh in, Uh Charge of the uh Who selected the people singing? Could you explain that? You'd say somebody would get up and sing a song. Uh, who told, who would select the man to sing?
543:  Well, yes, we'd just take it on ourself, we just, officers we'd call it, you know, deacons or officers of course. We just, somebody would, have to start of course, need to start, and we just, well, it's time to start. And want to go to singing well, make some, we'd have to get down you know, and pray, why, make some get up then and #1 wanna dance and #
Interviewer:  #2 I see #
543:  start a song. Some of the sisters over there, if they want to sing already, sing a song they actually want to sing a song You know, and they lead a song and everybody sang you know.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh, when you were a boy, is that about the only music you heard?
543:  Yes sir, it's about all the music you would have heard then, that's right, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Must have been, must have sounded real,
543:  {X} {X} Right, right, yes sir, enjoyed it back that end because it's all we know. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  I see. It's fine, I suppose it was really beautiful.
543:  Yes sir, that's back there in that time. Well, and then after growing up back to Pentecostals. After growing on up. And we got around and had to make Course somebody else did what started out this other way. Like the Pentecostal. And they thought they didn't know more about the Bible than the Baptist people did, I was Baptists back that end. This missionary Baptists. And now then, this Pentecostal is, is. {X} This, uh, side of, this holiness you call it you know. After Jesus come, this Pentecostal come in you see after he died. This Pentecostal come in and and said now we call it the Pentecostal. And that is what happened on the day of Pentecost back yonder when you know, the time will it come. That uh, Well, the way we got it now, we seen it all, we back on the law then. back yonder the Baptist and the first people come up they're supposed to pay the tithe then. Course the Baptist wasn't teaching it then, but some of them- after a while some of them went to teaching that you're supposed to pay And supposed to live by it you know And not do cook or do nothing on the Sunday because you're living under the law. And by the law. And of course a lot of men they wouldn't even cook on a Sunday Back then because they was obeying the law and everything good #1 You know, they obeyed it. #
Interviewer:  #2 Pretty strict? #
543:  Right, right, right, that's right. But now, half the, after we said. Jesus died. Well, he, he, he changed that up, you not suppo- you know when he supposed to live by that. Back yonder {X} paying them tithes. {X} one thing and another and everything. But he'd done away with that, and so now you just supposed to live just live by the word, you know. Do what the word said do and uh, uh you know. Not have to pay all this stuff you know, not have to pay you know. Back there you had to pay a tenth of your earning you know, bring that up and pay it. {X} And back then. But after he died it went away you know, he said you know, he'd done away with that there {X} Course, some folks said no, they still holding on to it, of course, we don't. We, we say he'd done away with it, and now we just pay the free will. We had free will. Pay what, you know, you're able of, what you want to pay you know.
Interviewer:  Do you call that uh, dues or what?
543:  Due- due.
Interviewer:  And how do you uh, is it dues or offerings?
543:  No sir, no sir, no sir, free, free, we have offering. This was never, I I wanna pay I'll feel like paying you know, well I just pay that.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Now then, the people who tithed, do they have to pay?
543:  Yes sir, paid a tenth of their earning.
Interviewer:  And do they call that dues?
543:  Yes sir, right, right, right, that's right. #1 They'd pay a tenth. #
Interviewer:  #2 If somebody, # Come to you and say you better, you have to pay your?
543:  Yeah, right, right, yes sir, {X} And sometimes most of the time they got a box there. You bring up your tenth of your earnings you know, and put it in that box, and then after the service over then preacher gets it and puts it away.
Interviewer:  I see. So uh,
543:  #1 We are not that #
Interviewer:  #2 You were already expected to # That church really expects people to?
543:  Yes sir, that's what they do, do, do like that you know and all. And so I asked what we said, we don't do it. We just, well we was able to do that, we were able to pay this and that and all, we'll, we'll pay it. Just and use it for the church purpose and things you know.
Interviewer:  Would uh, I'm interested in the kind of expressions people might used to use. Suppose the wagon broke down, and uh, you've, you'd have to fix it you know, and. {NW} And you knew, it took a lot of time. How would you say that? Uh church would be over before.
543:  Well, I see what you mean exactly. here comes some more friends coming along. Of course leave out in time to be there maybe if something happened, you know we'd have time to get there of course. Well uh, here comes some more friends along, we'd get in the wagon and go on along with us. Well maybe that man may lose a little, most of his service you know trying to get his wagon fixed to get the family back you know. They'd just get in that that wagon you know and go on to church and have their service.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  {X} We wouldn't pass one another like we don't see 'em, no.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  That's right.
Interviewer:  Okay.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  How would people uh refer to. To uh, the enemy of God? The opposite of God? Devil or. How, would they say the devil or what uh? How would people uh, refer to that?
543:  Yes sir, of course we said you know, that the devil was you know, he's in hell down yonder.
Interviewer:  mm
543:  And there's a heaven up yonder. And if God, if you do like God, say do you know like he said want you to do and everything, you know, when you die you will go to heaven. But if you don't, and be mean and bad and everything of course you know, that's, that's the devil's peoples you know. And you must obey the word of God to you know, go to heaven.
Interviewer:  And, who is it uh, you wanna, just to kind of uh. Play a joke or be funny, you didn't mean it. Suppose you wanted to uh. Caution a child. Said, now you'd better be good or what will get you?
543:  The devil will get you.
Interviewer:  The devil will get you?
543:  Devil will get you.
Interviewer:  They ever say any, did they ever any other words for the devil?
543:  {X} Well I tell you what, people back then, they said old boogerman. #1 They call him boogerman, that's right. Old booger- #
Interviewer:  #2 Boogerman? Uh-huh, I see, I see. #
543:  man'll get you.
Interviewer:  Do you ever, do you ever hear uh, old hairy?
543:  #1 Not too much. #
Interviewer:  #2 Or Old Scratch? #
543:  {NW} Old Scratch'll get you, yes sir, Old Scratch'll get you Sure that's right. Yes sir, that Old Scratch.
Interviewer:  Suppose uh, that you went by a house where uh, very peculiar things, spirits and things seem to to be? Uh, you remember that uh at all?
543:  I'm so scared I couldn't. {NW} Yes sir that's right, and it used to be when I can't hear it people say there's never been but there's used to be haints.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
543:  Hai{D: -nts!}
Interviewer:  Would you, would you recall uh. Anything you remember about that when you were a boy?
543:  Yes sir, I tell you what. I, I was scared, I was scared, I was scared to get out you know, because hither be haints you know, and it dark out, I wanted to be at home. Yes sir, and out to places where people say so-and-so got killed. {D: Oh we groaning and get these shear pains} and see the lights. And I I remember, we uh, was going to church one night. And oh they would said it were hainted you know, along the road this old place where they would call it a hainted place. We run, run on that and we children sitting down in the back end of the wagon, that's why we go at night you see. They put us closer, in the day time they let us sit up on planks across the wagon. Wanna see But at night you know, why we'd get sleepy sort of and nod you know of course and they'd put us in a quilt down in the back end of the wagon you know, and let us ride back in so we can sleep and lay down in it. Go along at one night you know, along in that wagon, jumped over and rolled over a dog and he hollered like a dog you know. And a loader was on there, it couldn't kept him from killing a dog, but it'd be having {X} went back the next day and they see nothing, no dog, nowhere around there, nothing.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  People seen lights out there you know. {X} And so, they thought that this used to be something like that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Yes sir, we call it haints.
Interviewer:  I've heard uh, Other people tell me that uh, That they may not exactly believe in it, but they do remember uh, smelling ghosts, and hearing things?
543:  Yes, right, right, right, that's right.
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  Yes sir, yes sir. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  {D: Where there be no lights} It'd be all dark.
543:  Oh yes sir, sure, dark. {X} Yes sir, yes sir. And we went along that and we'd get a sheer thing dragging along side the wagon. Sheer dragging along the way.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh, would those things be uh, those haints, would they be, part of the devil or?
543:  Well that's what we said, the devil's imps or something like that. #1 Yeah that's what they, right you know, call it the devil's imps you know, the devil's spirit, yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Would they? # I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh. Well, I, I know it's not uh. Not supposed to be uh anything to it but uh, there, there. We talk, we've got UFO's now. {D: Who you're famous}. And a lot of people have seen them.
543:  Yes sir, yes sir, sure.
Interviewer:  So you begin to wonder whether really. {NW}
543:  Yes sir, that's right.
Interviewer:  Whether it's wise to laugh at those things or not,
543:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 There might be something to them. #
543:  Of course now I'm gonna tell you I believe more in them things now than I read a little bit in the Bible but I can't tell this {X} right now but anyway, about these sheer things, all them things are supposed to be seen. They gonna be seen. All of their lights, and push one thing in another in the elements and all.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Well, anyway I'm gonna {X} like this. It's, it's like before the end of the time. Course, I don't know when the end of the times will be yet. A lot of these here signs that you see, it you know, it spoke about the would be. I don't know how you manage them or what. What they gonna bring about. But but that there's something.
Interviewer:  They're signs of,
543:  #1 Yes right, right, right, yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Something. # Well there's, they seem to be around so. Uh, must be something to them.
543:  Right.
Interviewer:  Too many people have seen them.
543:  Sure, sure, yes sir, yes sir, that is right.
Interviewer:  Uh, when you were a boy, and you'd go into town. I'd like to know more about that uh, would you describe the different places you go and. And uh. What you do when somebody would go to town. Would you describe that please?
543:  Yes sir. {X} We out in the country and that way you know and all, we get in the wagon and go to town. You know, we'd get up before day. Oh, feed them horses and get up that wagon before day. We'd get up there you know, be up there by daylight. Then we'd get to walking around trading and hunting shoes and cheap shoes to put on the children and everything and all. And then most of the time. My daddy and them would wa- drive up in the wagon and hitch the tent and of course. that was here at Oxford That's why they call it and uh in the tent and hitch it to a chain around the court house. And there used to be a chain that you drive up and hitch to that, but we children stay in the wagon. And then maybe bring us a, apple or orange or something off, the wagon. Get us some water out of the wa- tank around then, drink it man we'd just have to stand there, get around, get us some shoes and stuff for clothes and all. And and bring them and put them in the wagon.
Interviewer:  And what kind of uh places would you have at Oxford in those days uh? Would you uh, remember the different places of business?
543:  Yes sir, one place is. One place around here must be Johnny. {B} Oh he had a big store yonder. And so, he'd sell this little of everything you know, clothes, shoes, something to eat, and everything in that store there you know. And uh. Wait now, what did that man over yonder name? Ooh. Mr Sam {B} He had a store called Mr Joe {B} He had a big store. And then {B} Over here. They had a big store there.
Interviewer:  These uh, sold mostly clothes?
543:  Well, everything, you know. They just you see had everything in them big stores. There's a big store, you know they had this, little of everything, they could dry goods, grocer,
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  hardware, and all such as that, yes. Me and my daddy now, I I said to call this big place and you see this big place right down here? This antique place.
Interviewer:  This side of the courthouse?
543:  It's a new place, but a eating place now.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Well, that's, that's the grandson, Mr Johnny. {B}
Interviewer:  Oh, is that right?
543:  I look at it and think about, it used to be a gin there, ooh that's where we brought our Cotton and Gin from way out. Out in the country you know, on the wagons. Course, that, that was uh, oh I don't know just what year that was in. But several years ago. Because they used to have a, I've been going way back too far, back yonder they had no wagon, Back old gins back yonder, you put the mules to back yonder, it used to be way back yonder. When I was a boy then. {X} Move it on up, and then they had this big gin here. It's in Oxford here you know, these here big stores and all. Mister Johnny. {B} And he handed it down to his son. And then his son passed on and he handed on down to his daughter. And that's, that's what that place is there. But them. {B} They died out. And it changed over to other people's hands.
Interviewer:  The um. Would you uh, describe any of the other buildings around uh that you have. Uh, do you remember that colonial uh.
543:  Hotel?
Interviewer:  Hotel.
543:  Yeah, right, yes sir, that's a big, fine place.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yes sir, that's right.
Interviewer:  They're rebuilding it now uh. Aren't they?
543:  Oh yes sir, right, right, sure, sure.
Interviewer:  Are they gonna make a hotel out of it?
543:  I don't know just what they gonna do you know with that.
Interviewer:  A lot of work there.
543:  Yes sir, a lot of work there you know yes sir. Of course you take upstairs and downstairs and there's one lawyer right there. And one {X} where they done got finished there. But I guess they were. I don't know what they gonna use it for next time, but you know when they get it fixed. #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 And. # Did they have a library in those days or?
543:  Not back that end, not back in the, way back yonder. {X} Way after awhile They begin to have a little room in the courthouse over here.
Interviewer:  Oh they did?
543:  Yes sir. Small little room over there for the library.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Yes and then finally they build this one over here.
Interviewer:  I see, and uh and uh. The uh post office, do you remember that?
543:  Yes sir, the big post office here. {X}
Interviewer:  That's a big one uh, big building I heard.
543:  Yes sir, that that old post office.
Interviewer:  Yes uh.
543:  And I see they would-they- they gonna build a new one down here.
Interviewer:  Uh it's much smaller in that new building.
543:  Yes sir, yes sir, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Who built that old building, is that uh?
543:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  {C: Name?}
Interviewer:  Is it uh?
543:  Building, you know, yes sir.
Interviewer:  And the money came from uh, the state or uh?
543:  State and, different parties you know. State and federal, was it federal? #1 I don't know exactly just why they'd. 
Yes sir, #
Interviewer:  #2 That's all federal. #
543:  {X} It's all federal.
Interviewer:  It is.
543:  Yes sir, yes sir. Yes.
Interviewer:  I see. Well then, where is the. None of the county offices are down there in the new building, they're all?
543:  No sir, they they they I tell you, the county. It is part of the county down there. {X} Rented these offices.
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
543:  Yes sir. It's the federal building, whole federal building, but they rented it you know, the county rented it, offices.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Yes sir you've met on the counter agent and Uh, the farce First one, office, lots of offices there.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh, did you have any place to uh. Did people have a place to go to see plays or uh?
543:  Well, not way back yonder. In our time, in my boy's time, we didn't have. But after got up A few years ago they begin to have a theaters down here.
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  Yes sir, two theaters down here in time.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh, they didn't have a hospital.
543:  No sir.
Interviewer:  But how long have they had one?
543:  Well they, well I tell you what, they. Well, that, them them um hospital is pretty old.
Interviewer:  Are they?
543:  Uh-uh, they did have two here. Doctor {B} He had a big hospital down here, pretty good size hospital. And then uh doctor. {B} He had a hospital right over here. They tearing his down cause they. After I don't know, a few years ago, they begin to They did. They got it up to build a you know, a big one down here. The county hospital. Build a new one down there. And then they, they had to go out of business.
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
543:  Yes sir, yes sir, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh, did uh, you remember uh travel by train at all, did you have a?
543:  Yes sir that's right, that's right, sure, I made it down there and haul fertilizer off the train that they brought in for the farm you know, and everything.
Interviewer:  Did they have passengers?
543:  Yes sir, there used to be a passenger train coming through you know.
Interviewer:  Oh they did?
543:  Yes sir, that's right, right down here.
Interviewer:  Where was that at that uh, out by the university?
543:  Yes sir right, that's right yes sir.
Interviewer:  Oh is that right?
543:  Yes sir, yes sir, that's right I mean they just.
Interviewer:  Did they have a place uh? A waiting room?
543:  Yes sir, right, right, yes sir, little old place down there yes sir. Oh yeah it was, it was nice back yonder. Business business place down there. Yes it's a depot you know we call it.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh, was that the Illinois Central?
543:  Yes sir, right, that's where you'd come through that's right, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Well that's uh, suppose you have a corner, and you had two stores. One on this side and one on that side. You say this store is, what? Across the street.
543:  Cross the street, that's right.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
543:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  And you say kitty corner or?
543:  I'd call it the England cross there.
Interviewer:  #1 Call it England cross the street. #
543:  #2 What would you call them. #
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Some people uh have told me they call it cattywampus or kitty corner or. #
543:  Well of course they would, you take {X} Back yonder they would call it ca- catty corner cross, that's not straight cross. Catty corner.
Interviewer:  Mm I see.
543:  Catty corner.
Interviewer:  Catty corner.
543:  Catty corner cross you know.
Interviewer:  That's why.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Was wondering uh.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Okay, and and uh. If you uh, say you haul fertilizer from the station or from the railroad on there. Uh, suppose you uh, you put it in your wagon.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Um. Suppose you had a sack that was so big that you uh. Was hard for you to pick it up and get it to the wagon, you say, I can hardly, what?
543:  You can hardly pick it up.
Interviewer:  And.
543:  Hardly, surely.
Interviewer:  I see, did you ever say lug it? Uh.
543:  Not back that end no. I guess we uh, we you know we just couldn't hit this flat back that end you know. Course, come down now and Call it different. Say hardly lug it up or something.
Interviewer:  You could hardly tote it?
543:  Yes I can hardly tote it.
Interviewer:  Did they say tote?
543:  Tote, tote, tote, that's right, yes sir, yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh, if a uh {NW} Merchant sells you something and you say I don't know how this is very cheap. And you say, I don't know how he, how he does that, must be below, what?
543:  Cost. Below cost, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Um. Say if he keeps on selling uh, at a. He's gonna go bankrupt if he sells at a, what?
543:  He gonna go go busted. Go, go broke. #1 Gonna go broke, yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Sells at a loss? #
543:  Yes sir, yes sir, that's right so. {X}
Interviewer:  And, but if somebody charges too much, you say, well, he's uh. He what uh?
543:  He He's overcharging it or something like, yes sir. He's charging me too much, he's overcharging it.
Interviewer:  And you say, no I can't buy that, it, what? You tell him, no I can't buy this, what?
543:  It's too high.
Interviewer:  Cost.
543:  Cost too much, yes sir. Cost, yes it's too high, cost too much.
Interviewer:  When somebody uh, would, Have a bill, at a grocery say, Uh, the bill would, would uh, you have to pay it the first of the month. Is that right?
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And you say, that the merchant says, well now, the first of the month, that bill is what?
543:  Due.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  When you paid it, Would he give you something extra, to show you that he appreciated it?
543:  Well, no sir.
Interviewer:  He wouldn't?
543:  No sir, no. Well, I tell you what, back yonder. Well you you mean back yonder olden times?
Interviewer:  Right.
543:  Of course yes sir, yes sir, right now, yes sir, that's right yes sir. Yeah when you paid that bill {X} They'll give you something to you know, uh. Shirt or a pair of pants or something other, something, yes sir, that's right, sure, yes sir. A hat. {NW} I remember that, yes sir. Nice hat or something when you paid off the big bill of course. Don't know how many times You'd paid for that.
Interviewer:  Uh what would you call that uh you say, you say {X} You paid it and the merchant says well now you paid your bill on time, I appreciate it. So I'm gonna give you a what?
543:  A hat. Present.
Interviewer:  Present?
543:  Present.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yes sir, he'd give him a present.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm, well it's a nice uh It's a nice system.
543:  Of course, course, yes sir, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Make everybody fell good.
543:  Oh yes sir, right, right, yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh. If you didn't have enough money to pay something and you had to Go to somebody and get some money, you'd say, well I have to, what?
543:  Have to borrow some money to pay, pay off that bill.
Interviewer:  Cause money is so,
543:  So scarce
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh. If somebody uh, wouldn't give you the money, you'd say, well, he's an awful. {NS} {NW}
543:  Man. Fella.
Interviewer:  Tight one or what?
543:  Yes sir, tight, he's tight.
Interviewer:  #1 He's tight. #
543:  #2 {D: He who had titles.} # Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh.
543:  Out in the forest where you know the people didn't go much but I don't know after a long time people smoked they killed them out.
Interviewer:  They did?
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh were they uh just regular hogs or were they?
543:  Yes sir they were
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  They were just regular #1 hogs #
Interviewer:  #2 They're the worst #
543:  yes sir or they get uh sometime old if they live to get old you know by how nobody done kill 'em out or nothing old tush would grow plum out their mouth you know.
Interviewer:  Certainly.
543:  Yes sir! And if you crown them they will man they'll ru- they'll fight ya.
Interviewer:  They will?
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  You ever hear 'em called piney woods {X}?
543:  Yes sir they said we have them kind ya know.
Interviewer:  That's that's the same thing as a wild hog?
543:  Well some it not exactly you know pine hill {D: rooters} is just uh some small look like to me small size hog they don't get too large.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir. Cause uh them really these wild hogs are just hogs that got out you know in just got straight away into the forest.
Interviewer:  Never came back.
543:  That's right, yeah.
Interviewer:  I've been working here all year and
543:  Oh!
Interviewer:  started over in West Side near in Hayucah places like that.
543:  Oh yes sir!
Interviewer:  I've been working across.
543:  Well I say.
Interviewer:  I really like the country and
543:  Well!
Interviewer:  I'd like to settle down.
543:  Yes sir, yes sir. Well I say!
Interviewer:  We were talking about uh somebody whose got money but he won't let loose of it.
543:  Yes sir! Right! That's right! That's right This is tight.
Interviewer:  and.. uh...
543:  {NW}
Interviewer:  uh when uh... when you When your mother would uh find she need something she'd say to your father "next time now you go to town" you what? Suppose she needs a knife "next time you go to town you be sure to"
543:  Buy buy a knife.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Would you uh would she say buy knife? and uh and then fetch it home or how would that be used?
543:  Well she just tell 'em mostly I'll tell ya this about it ya know {NW} cause back then ya know you just buy a knife
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir, buy a knife.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  A {D: whicha} knife was never there.
Interviewer:  and uh then they would A merchant would take something and uh you just wouldn't give them a knife?
543:  No sir. No sir you'd wrap it up.
Interviewer:  You wouldn't?
543:  Yes sir you'd wrap it up in some paper or another.
Interviewer:  And uh uh could you describe that lil bit more? or just uh would you use string or?
543:  Ya well we would wrap it up in a piece of paper and then then they'd take a little thread string and tie wrap it around a few times and tie it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir And some call it call wrapping thread
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And when your father would bring it home would your children have a chance to?
543:  No sir they wouldn't have no chance no sir back then children didn't have nothing to do with they didn't.
Interviewer:  They didn't.
543:  No sir No sir.
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  That was their's and children not to mess with it.
Interviewer:  So the wife would uh
543:  She would get it unwrap it ya know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  yes sir and put it up. No sir no sir not like it do now.
Interviewer:  #1 I see #
543:  #2 Need a # Switch to unwrap it
Interviewer:  Right Right
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh was oxford uh always called a uh was it always the uh the center of Fayette county
543:  Yeah that's what they called it yes sir the center That's right. {X} Probably. It's always something about the center.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh was it always where the government was Where the the In other words did you always call the county seat?
543:  Yes sir, yes sir. The county seat, right. It was the county seat. Yes sir that's right.
Interviewer:  And uh uh did you ever hear it called anything else uh when you were a boy?
543:  Oxford
Interviewer:  No uh yes. Would you say Oxford is a county site
543:  Yes, yes sir that's
Interviewer:  County town or
543:  Well that's what we call it the town you know the c- you know its you know the county we'd call it town.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. But uh what I'm interested in is whether because it is where the sheriff and everybody has would you call it always the county seat or or county site? In other words I heard a lotta different terms
543:  Courthouse or courthouse in everything you know. And I always just {NW} say where would you might say the county seat.
Interviewer:  Would you say county seat when you were a boy or would you have a different word?
543:  Well just mostly we'd say the town. Just say we'd call it going to town
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh uh Did you hear much of would you tell me something of how people acted or regarded politics when you were younger?
543:  Well not I didn't know too much about it
Interviewer:  Was there respect uh?
543:  Oh right of course there was respectable everything you know that was concerned was respectable.
Interviewer:  And uh what was the attitude toward toward the men in office? Did you think about the men or the government or what?
543:  No well uh You well you asked me so what did you think about the men.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Is that good or bad good or bad mans?
543:  Right, right yes sir. We thought we'd try to get the good man.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  and then he was the
Interviewer:  How did people uh Would you describe how people would uh? What their attitude was towards government? How would they say it? How would they talk about it?
543:  Well I'll tell you really we didn't hear too much about it back then enough to learn about it and everything. {NW} Well we would just try to go ahead and do what they t- tell us to do what we looked like I said had to do it all.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What- what I mean is it seems to me that when I was a boy uh somebody would say well this must be good because it came from the government.
543:  Of course. Oh yes
Interviewer:  Is that how would?
543:  Yeah well really, really, really yes sir. We you know that's I haven't thought about that you know yes sir.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Is that how people were saying
543:  Of course yes sir It'd be good because you know conflict other men of course and we thought the government you know was more strict
Interviewer:  Hmm
543:  than we know.
Interviewer:  It wasn't uh Republicans or Democrats it was somebody
543:  that
Interviewer:  you looked up to.
543:  That's it! Yes sir! Yes sir. Yes right, right. Yes sir. Yes sir that's right.
Interviewer:  And uh uh You hear a lot about law and order now a days uh how did you... how would you... how would you describe that when you were?
543:  Back young
Interviewer:  Yes uh-huh {X}
543:  #1 Old man #
Interviewer:  #2 People # Talk about it uh {NW}
543:  {NW} Oh well man uh Yes sir. {NS} Well the ways back in most of the time is what uh you know the people would say and that's what would be done.
Interviewer:  Would? Do people talk about? Would they say law and order or
543:  No sir, no sir They don't say No law and order. There's order. No law.
Interviewer:  Oh I get you
543:  Now.
Interviewer:  I see I see! Uh so you would have that big difference, isn't there?
543:  Right, right, right! Good point, good point that's right. Yes sir. Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see. Uh so you So if what wasn't an order the law was mean to
543:  Th- tha- that's what I'm talking about. Yes sir yes sir of course.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm I see. Well it would make a big difference.
543:  Of course yes sir, yes sir. Yes sir
Interviewer:  Um, did uh were people punished for or did they execute people?
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  They did uh and how how did they do it? There was no electric chair.
543:  Uh they would uh hang 'em.
Interviewer:  They would
543:  And burn 'em.
Interviewer:  They would? And without a trial? Was that uh sometimes?
543:  Well they might go through with a trial but all of us.
Interviewer:  Hmm I see. And would they uh uh would people take law to themselves sometimes?
543:  Of course, course, course, yes
Interviewer:  Around here?
543:  Yes sir, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
543:  Yes sir, yes sir, yes sir.
Interviewer:  I know I interviewed a lady around here um what county was that? Can't remember she's eighty or eighty-four, I think and her brother was a sheriff and uh somebody was accused of something and some towns people went to the jail and they got the guy and out the jail and her brother couldn't do anything about it.
543:  Yes sir that that that's what, that's what I'm talking about. That's what I'm talking about yes sir. Right right.
Interviewer:  Phew
543:  Yes sir, yes sir.
Interviewer:  She said he didn't have the chance to do anything or they would've done the same thing to him.
543:  Right! Right! Right! Right yeah. That's what I'm talking about.
Interviewer:  Yeah... so... that's uh
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  Well that's not a very good system.
543:  Well
Interviewer:  Yeah not a very fair system Uh, so they they uh they'd hang them uh
543:  Fight 'em, hang 'em up and shoot 'em till they'd get tired and they'd come out of the car and drag 'em. {NS}
Interviewer:  Oh! Is that right In this? In LaFayette county? Is that right? Uh that's something else we don't know and understand you know?
543:  Right, right, right, right. Yes sir. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  As I say you don't have to.
543:  Well
Interviewer:  Worry about that surely I understand how you feel but
543:  Yes sir, yes sir, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Cause I said this will go straight to the university and not to..
543:  Well {NW} I didn't know how you wanted
Interviewer:  Oh I-I understand what you're...
543:  {NW} Yes sir.
Interviewer:  That's within your memory.
543:  Oh!
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  Sure, sure, yes sir, yes sir no it
Interviewer:  See I've read about it but I-I can't be sure never can be sure what you read in books.
543:  No sir Oh no sir #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 And uh # And uh I never heard uh not really heard very much from actual people until this lady talked to me.
543:  Yes sure sure sure. #1 I see #
Interviewer:  #2 But uh # And uh I forgot how the man was accused of uh He was in jail. The towns people were after him
543:  That's what they'll do they go out and Harass them and bring put them in jail. And take everything off of 'em. {NW}
Interviewer:  Would you like me to turn it off. Turn it off for a minute why don't I do that Well I guess there's no the thing is you never just write a letter.
543:  Oh no no no {X}
Interviewer:  Well in years to come balance is different.
543:  Yes sir that's right
Interviewer:  Things are right
543:  Sure, sure
Interviewer:  Wrong
543:  yes sir yes sir that's right.
Interviewer:  I was wondering if you could tell me how people used to speak to each other? Uh how to greet each other in the morning and say?
543:  Good morning.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh And uh uh say you'd have a uh a meal at noon and then after that?
543:  You'd say good evening.
Interviewer:  You'd say good evening.
543:  Good evening
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh when would uh what would you say to somebody seven or eight o'clock at night?
543:  We'd still say good evening cause right, yes sir it's after.
Interviewer:  When you'd leave somebody at that time you'd say well
543:  Good night.
Interviewer:  Goodnight
543:  Goodnight
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh uh when you meet a friend and when you meet a stranger when you're a boy how would you? Would you describe those greetings? Suppose you meet someone you've known all your life uh came to Oxford. How would you greet him? how would you greet someone who didn't know very well?
543:  Yes sir Well we with men that we know well and everything we'd be glad to shake hands with them you know and greet 'em hi {NW} how you'd be getting along along and so you'd think a stranger then maybe say hi or good morning or something and that would be about all.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  And uh when somebody came to see you and uh you had a nice visit and you left you'd say well good to see you now?
543:  Goodbye.
Interviewer:  Goodbye and you wanted him to comeback again what would you say
543:  You say come back again.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  Glad to have ya or something.
Interviewer:  Okay. And at Christmas what, how do you greet somebody at Christmas
543:  Well you know well we call it uh Christmas gift.
Interviewer:  What
543:  Christmas gift.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Can you tell me more about that uh
543:  Well {NW} because uh you know back home we calls it Christmas. Uh just uh we just Seem like its uh different spirit during Christmas towards
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  the people. Of course we glad to meet and call it Christmas you know because it's Christ's birthday of course we call it you know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh if uh would you get a gift?
543:  {NW} Yes sir we get a gift and and and give a gift you know
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Yes sir. We are glad to you know change, swap the gift.
Interviewer:  And how about the first of January what would you say then
543:  Say new year,
Interviewer:  {NW}
543:  new year.
Interviewer:  Happy New Year.
543:  Happy New Year. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Happy New Year. Would you ever say New year's gift? Or is that...
543:  Well sometimes but not no mostly say happy new year.
Interviewer:  Oh. I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh uh suppose um these are um um these are clocks and this the hour hand and this is the minute hand.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  How would you describe that time
543:  Well by the time that goes uh see by way we call it is uh by it's fifteen minutes till eleven.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  And when that go come around again uh then it'd be fifteen till twelve Uh bout that time by twelve o' clock this hand will be up at, both of 'em will be on twelve.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And on this one...How would you... what time would that
543:  Well it'd be seven thirty by that one then.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  Seven thirty.
Interviewer:  Do you ever say half uh
543:  Oh uh yes sir uh Seven thirty a half Half after seven.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And do you ever say a quarter?
543:  Quarter till eleven.
Interviewer:  Okay.
543:  Yes sir. #1 Quarter till #
Interviewer:  #2 And uh # would you uh tell me how old you were when you had your first watch?
543:  Watch. Oh man! #1 I was old. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  I was old. We didn't know too much about them though.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  Uh I think I was about thirty years old when I had my first watch
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  because it look like I thought I could needed other things more s-
Interviewer:  I see. Uh-huh. And uh that was a pocket uh
543:  Yes sir! A pocket watch Yes sir a pocket watch.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh how did you refer to the sun Uh... You'd say on the farm, you have to get up.
543:  About sun up.
Interviewer:  Sun up.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm you finish you might not finish your chores by
543:  Sun-down.
Interviewer:  Sun-down.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  Sun-down.
Interviewer:  And the... you said the time after the noon? Any time after noon to dark?
543:  #1 On #
Interviewer:  #2 To dark #
543:  To dark yes sir and then after that the evening
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir good evening yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh if today is Friday then yesterday was
543:  Thursday.
Interviewer:  Thursday.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And if today is Friday then Saturday is
543:  Tomorrow.
Interviewer:  Tomorrow
543:  Tomorrow
Interviewer:  And
543:  Saturday.
Interviewer:  Again I'm interested in any of these... in anything you remember, in expression or words you used to use. Uh, if somebody came on Sunday then uh uh you'd say well you come back again. And that would be the Sunday...?
543:  Next Sunday.
Interviewer:  Next Sunday.
543:  Next Sunday.
Interviewer:  Would you ever say Sunday week? What does that mean
543:  Well that that uh {NW} You come back Sunday week the day of well so {X} if I'm speaking on a Sunday come back the day week of Probably Saturday or something other like that you see tomorrow week from that day you see About a week. A week from that day, you see.
Interviewer:  At this point exactly one week.
543:  One week that's right.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Till the next Sunday.
Interviewer:  Okay. And suppose you say well he was...he's been here he came uh Sunday week before how would you describe that?
543:  Well he done paid that had been a week uh last Sunday
Interviewer:  Last Sunday.
543:  Yes sir. He come last Sunday. He'd been here he come last Sunday.
Interviewer:  And that wouldn't be a Sunday week? That would be..
543:  No sir that would be last Sunday
Interviewer:  Last Sunday.
543:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and uh we were talking about the weather and uh say 1974 was a mild winter uh you say you had a mild winter this year?
543:  Last year
Interviewer:  Last yr.
543:  Well now This would be we're talking about this year seventy-four {NW} uh well after the winter's past last year last winter now last year last winter. We call this winter now this is This winter We had a bad winter this winter.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  But back in seventy-three was last winter.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and that would be a year
543:  Year ago Year ago, year ago we call it.
Interviewer:  Okay and you'd say well it's been real warm now for for uh several days or for what?
543:  This winter.
Interviewer:  #1 You'd say it's been #
543:  #2 This winter. #
Interviewer:  Real warm now for quite a spell Does that sound...? Would you say that?
543:  Well yes sir you could use that like that quite a spell it's been quite warm for quite a spell.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  This winter
Interviewer:  And uh today is...? Describe a day like this. A lot of sun is is what?
543:  Yes sir it's a fine day. A nice day.
Interviewer:  And uh if uh And if tomorrow if the sun isn't out then? what's whats gonna?
543:  We call it cloudy day
Interviewer:  Cloudy
543:  bad day, cloudy day, yes.
Interviewer:  And that means then that the weather is gone from a sunny day to a cloudy day the weather what?
543:  Changed. changed {X} Yes sir. The weather changed.
Interviewer:  Suppose uh you have a cloudy day and it turns sunny you'd say well I think the weather is
543:  Changed #1 Yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 Changed or #
543:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Changed to a better #
543:  a better day. Fair day.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm you ever say break in or
543:  It would be the weather is breaking off.
Interviewer:  Breaking off.
543:  Breaking off right yes sir. Bad weather to
Interviewer:  #1 To good #
543:  #2 Pretty # Good day
Interviewer:  Okay and how about wind You say the wind is calm today but the storm is gonna come the wind is?
543:  Raising. #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Raising #
543:  Raising.
Interviewer:  And after a storm then the wind is
543:  Has ceased. Has ceased yes. Has ceased.
Interviewer:  And uh you say going down or laying off or doesn't sound
543:  No sir. {NW} {X} Strong wind? The wind is high And so uh Well ceased it
Interviewer:  Uh huh okay And the different directions the wind blows or comes from? You remember any stories about as soon as the wind comes from the east what does that mean?
543:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh, do you remember anything like that when you were a boy?
543:  Well {NS} uh well like a we call it the wind coming from the east or going to the west you know we call it a a dry or a dry spell or something like that. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  That's right and it'll dry the ground out look like more coming from the east. Yes sir from the North it's cold.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir and coming from the South you know it's good warm pleasant weather. Yes sir coming from the west we call it kind of stormy weather.
Interviewer:  From the west?
543:  Yes sir. The way they do here in this country.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and uh if uh if you have wind that isn't exactly north or south or west or south comes from
543:  Southwest
Interviewer:  and from..
543:  Uh Southeast,
Interviewer:  and
543:  and Northeast. and northwest. That's right yes sir.
Interviewer:  And do those have any meanings or not
543:  Right no sir not hardly.
Interviewer:  Oh okay, and would you describe different ways of talking about the rain Supposed you would have something that you just feel on your face?
543:  Call it a dew. You have drizzle.
Interviewer:  And if its something
543:  Snow? We'd have snow it's not like snow is it
Interviewer:  Enough rain to settle the dust what do you call that
543:  Shower
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  Wetter shower or rain.
Interviewer:  Suppose enough to flood the streets.
543:  Oh we had a flood. {NW} big rain it'll flood certainly.
Interviewer:  Uh would you call that heavy rain
543:  Heavy rain yeah we had a heavy rain
Interviewer:  Do you remember any terms for that when you were a boy Interesting ways of describing that.
543:  Well they just called it kind of an overflow we'd call it mostly you know that that rain.
Interviewer:  I've heard different things for that you know gully washer
543:  Oh yes sir really? Oh we had a gully washer last night of course we did Wash gullies and all.
Interviewer:  Wash
543:  Most of the time that's what then the old people would talk and call it big rain and a gully washer. Right, yes sir, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Well he told me her family used to call it a goose rounder.
543:  {NW} It's bigger.
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And a storm with lightning? What would that be?
543:  Well we'd call that electrical storm.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  And uh if uh if the uh If the clouds are going to break and you said that's gonna clear off or clear off what did you say for that?
543:  It seems stormy. It looks like it's gonna come a storm The clouds grayed up you know like that uh {NW} Maybe it's becoming a big rain.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir when they cluster up like that.
Interviewer:  And after a big storm the clouds start to
543:  Yes they look stormy look like it's going to storm you know And those clouds breaking you know It looks like it's going to be foul.
Interviewer:  I see... and if it's pretty cold when you get up in the morning, you say well it's cold, you say "well it's pretty" what
543:  Pretty cool.
Interviewer:  Pretty cool
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  You ever heard airish
543:  {NW} Yes sir it's airish this morning.
Interviewer:  #1 That means its #
543:  #2 Airish this morning #
Interviewer:  That means it's enough to make you shiver
543:  Oh sure yes sir yes sir
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Airish pretty airish.
Interviewer:  Uh you don't hear that very much anymore.
543:  No sir, no sir, no sir.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh and when you get up in the morning or late at night uh you drive and you can't hardly see the road what what do you call that
543:  Call that foggy foggy yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh in the morning the moisture that's on the grass?
543:  Call that a dew.
Interviewer:  And if it's cold enough to...
543:  It'd be frost yes sir it'd be frost {NW}
Interviewer:  And uh uh if if uh its cold enough to kill your plants what do you call that
543:  Ice ice cold.
Interviewer:  Real freeze.
543:  Freeze. Yes sir. Freeze up. Yes
Interviewer:  Did you ever uh we talked earlier about its being colder it used to be colder than it is now
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  did you ever remember ponds freezing over
543:  Yes sir. Yes sir sure.
Interviewer:  Huh
543:  That's right. And I think about it sometimes how we used to get out and walk on that ice one of broke a finger.
Interviewer:  Oh {NS} You remember when ice was just uh uh covered and you couldn't walk on it but it's a light
543:  Sheet of ice
Interviewer:  Yes.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  You call that anything
543:  I don't Seem like we call it maybe just a sheet of ice just only the top iced over.
Interviewer:  Does mush ice sound uh
543:  Well probably some of 'em call it that ya know {NW}
Interviewer:  Well I've heard that but I'm not sure what it means exactly and..
543:  Well we just say call it thin ice ya know just a thin sheet of ice you know, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Okay and uh what'd ya think of the ice storm we had
543:  Oh man it hit here not long ago. {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 January. #
543:  #2 That ice # Storm {NW}
Interviewer:  That uh do you remember anything like that in the past? anything like that?
543:  Yes sir, yes sir, yes sir, yes sir, yes sir, yes sir. {NW} And it stayed there way so long. Man when I was a boy like a little boy {NW} Oh yes sir, we'd have to tote stop water and they couldn't get out and walk on it. Oh man.
Interviewer:  oh is that right
543:  oh yes sir we'd have to tote the water you know. and when daddy had to you know take a axe and thing and dig dig out a road way for him to go to it after it stayed so long that for him to travel and go get the water you know to and fro from the pond {NW} and we couldn't hog wood we'd use wood back in the fireplace we'd get out there ya know and cut wood and slide it to the house on that ice.
Interviewer:  the ice really stayed that long
543:  yes sir right that stayed longer than I ever knowed {NW} I can't remember what year we had but back several years ago
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
543:  yes sir that's right.
Interviewer:  so that storm last January wasn't a surprise
543:  Oh no sir, no sir, oh man {NW} not according to that but that was rough enough.
Interviewer:  It did a lot of damage to trees.
543:  Oh yes sir, yes sir, sure.
Interviewer:  All right.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh if you have long time without any rain, you call that a what?
543:  Drought.
Interviewer:  Alright and a shorter time Well say rain now pretty soon because we've had been through quite a what?
543:  A dry spell
Interviewer:  Dry spell
543:  Dry spell. Yes sir. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  These are uh um names of people and I'm interested in how they used to pronounce them, what they used to say
543:  Oh yes sir.
Interviewer:  For example the mother of Jesus was how how would she be? If you were a boy how would you say that?
543:  The mother of Jesus uh uh Jesus' uh mother Mary.
Interviewer:  and uh George Washington's wife uh was
543:  Yes sir. Uh George Washington's wife
Interviewer:  I think there is also a person in the Bible
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Martha, would you say Marthey or how would you pronounce that when you were a boy?
543:  Well now Marthey, Marthey, Marthey
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  Marthey
Interviewer:  And uh a girls name in a song, "wait till the sun shines"
543:  {X} I I forget that one {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh how would you pronounce Nellie?
543:  Nellie
Interviewer:  Yes very good, is that how you would say it when you were a boy?
543:  Yes sir That's right, Nellie, yes sir. {X}
Interviewer:  And if your boy was named William how would you call him when he was a boy You would say now William come come here would you call him Will or or Willy or Billy
543:  Mostly would call Will would call Will. That's right Will.
Interviewer:  And uh the word Billy would you ever use that
543:  Bill Bill we'd called him Bill.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  Yes sir that's the word.
Interviewer:  Do white folks call and say Billy more often
543:  Yes sir. yes sir.
Interviewer:  Have you seen grown men called Billy
543:  Yes sir right right right sure do yes sir
Interviewer:  that's the difference between the two race
543:  yes sir sure sure that's right
Interviewer:  uh-huh
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  and uh the four gospels in the Bible, just name the first one can you
543:  I don't know four. I know John {NW}
Interviewer:  John is one.
543:  Yes. I say.
Interviewer:  I was wondering about Mathew, did you, did people ever call the children Mathew
543:  I remember one fellow they called Matthew and I did know someone called Mathis, Matthew one man I knew she called him Matthew I think
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  yes sir. and John.
Interviewer:  and uh uh was there a barrels maker, what would you call a man who made barrels when you were a boy?
543:  {X} We'd make a a well
Interviewer:  Would you ever call him a cooper
543:  No sir would would not. I don't remember like that you know?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Well you know back then we would just call him barrel maker of course you know? Yes sir.
Interviewer:  and uh would a girl ever be named Sarah or Sarey or
543:  #1 Not #
Interviewer:  #2 Sarey #
543:  back yeah then yeah it wasn't uh like how we find 'em now, is named that lately.
Interviewer:  How are they pronounced now
543:  Well I'll tell you it's different the spelling of it of course Sherry Cherry
Interviewer:  Or Sarah or Sare
543:  Sarah. Sarah yeah I remember one named Sarah.
Interviewer:  You do
543:  Right
Interviewer:  A girl
543:  Yes sir. Yes sir. Sarah.
Interviewer:  Fashions changed
543:  Oh yes sir, yes sir. Sure.
Interviewer:  You hear Sherrie now but you don't hear Sarah.
543:  Yeah that's right. That's right surely true I hadn't thought about it that way {X}
Interviewer:  It's interesting.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  and uh your uh you had uh your mother's brother was named William or John you'd say well hello uncle..
543:  Uncle John
Interviewer:  Or uh
543:  Uncle William.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  and uh uh a man who commands a whole army his title would be a
543:  Not a sergeant, uh
Interviewer:  higher than that a genera
543:  general uh back in school did they teach you anything about General William no sir no they didn't teach us nothing back then no sir. nothing back then
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. and uh you know a general is a lot of white people are given honorary titles they call 'em colonel
543:  You call them I've heard of them yes sir that's right you know. Yes sir. No sir, no sir. See they didn't {NW} Some of them might have taught that but in my days or They didn't you know No sir.
Interviewer:  did you ever know anybody in oxford or here anybody in Oxford with that title
543:  {NW} well you know here lately but not you know way back yonder, didn't know, you know, didn't know. No sir.
Interviewer:  And how do they say it now?
543:  well it's different see really they don't know just what is which ones and
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  You know
Interviewer:  Did they say colonel
543:  Colonel I just really don't know remember what they was saying you know having no dealing with them to say it like that you know.
Interviewer:  and how about uh the term captain, would uh when you were a boy would you say captain?
543:  Cap'n
Interviewer:  Cap'n
543:  Cap'n, yes sir.
Interviewer:  and how? what would that mean
543:  well it would mean you know just somebody over you know well I see uh well something about office holding office you know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Mark of respect.
543:  Yes sir, right right, yes sir, yes sir.
Interviewer:  And the man who resides over the court courthouse what would you use to call him
543:  Uh the sheriff or just uh
Interviewer:  The man when you get arrested they take you
543:  {X}
Interviewer:  Yeah
543:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  as much as I {NW} What's the {NW} I I didn't well now what is it uh master how did it no or the justice {X} I don't know uh each county is different ya know Yes sir.
Interviewer:  sometimes they're called uh old master of the court
543:  Master! Master!
Interviewer:  judge do they have a judge here
543:  Well yes sir they have a jury down there you see yes sir that's right they have a jury down there. {NW} now most of the time when they come through this county they will you know oh well they just come through the court house and you know they got a little what you call a master in there ya see and they fix it up fair of course but if you're going to have a trial or something or other you get the juries they got juries just the juries after they have the trial.
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
543:  yes sir.
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  so this first coming up doing something other you know and then they pay off or something or other they just go through with that you know but if you're going to have a trial you know
Interviewer:  A whole trial
543:  Yes sir you'll have a jury.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  is there a um these are questions about uh numbers and uh what I'm interested in is any anything that you're used to that you can remember as a boy in school Uh you talk about counting say twenty-five, twenty-six and then the next one would be
543:  twenty-seven
Interviewer:  twenty-seven and then you go on up until twenty-eight, twenty-nine and then what
543:  thirty.
Interviewer:  and then ten more would be
543:  forty
Interviewer:  and uh then on up to fifty
543:  fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety, a hundred
Interviewer:  Uh huh and then the next biggest number after that a hundred is uh is one
543:  Thousand
Interviewer:  and the next biggest number is one
543:  Million
Interviewer:  Okay...and uh did you ever hear anybody say this years crop was it yet uh i don't know how many i don't know enough about growing cotton but suppose he has just twice he had just double the amount of cotton this next, next year this crop is just how many so you've got double the yield, well this crop is twice...
543:  Much
Interviewer:  Twi-
543:  Twice as much as it had been yes sir. that's right, doubling.
Interviewer:  You you say somebody came and uh uh you were talking and the clouds started up and it started to rain the heavens just opened up
543:  The rain poured and poured down. #1 Yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 Say it # Happened all
543:  All at once
Interviewer:  All at once.
543:  Yes sir, yes sir. {NW}
Interviewer:  and uh some questions about geography i don't know whether- did you study much
543:  Not too much no sir. No sir because I I uh just studied just a little bit in there because we didn't have books then
Interviewer:  Sure.
543:  Studied
Interviewer:  Sure
543:  Studied with the few that we had.
Interviewer:  uh would you just name as many states as you can think of and the cities around the south here
543:  {NW} It's not many. {NW} Not many no sir.
Interviewer:  anything that comes to you uh you mentioned going to Memphis you know any other cities up there
543:  oh well oh well let's see well I just say Arkansas, Mississippi, {NW} Memphis, Tennessee uh {X}
Interviewer:  do you know where Atlanta is State
543:  Atlanta Georgia,
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  Birmingham
543:  Birmingham Alabama.
Interviewer:  And New Orleans
543:  New Orleans New Orleans New Orleans, New Orleans.
Interviewer:  Shreveport
543:  Shreveport, Louisiana.
Interviewer:  And uh Miami
543:  Miami, Florida.
Interviewer:  Charleston
543:  Charleston, Mississippi.
Interviewer:  how about the Carolinas?
543:  North Carolina, South Carolina {NW} {X}
Interviewer:  And Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama.
543:  Alabama yes sir.
Interviewer:  Mobile
543:  Mobile, Alabama Mm-hmm how do you did you learn much about the nation's capital No sir, no sir.
Interviewer:  how did how did they refer to it
543:  Well we just didn't learn much about it just the nation's capital would just be Jackson
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and
543:  Jackson Mississippi you know is just the nation uh you know then
Interviewer:  State's State ca- capital uh huh and the place where Nixon is uh
543:  White House
Interviewer:  White house and that town would be
543:  Washington D C
Interviewer:  D C did they say that uh D C
543:  well that's what they said was it Washington D C
Interviewer:  uh huh and uh uh how about uh Dallas, Houston and Maryland did you ever study
543:  no sir i never studied them but i just heard the name of them you know so so just so many different {NW}
Interviewer:  supposed to be the biggest state
543:  Yes, sir, that's right, yes sir. because uh
Interviewer:  they kinda like to brag about it uh {NW}
543:  Yes sir, yes sir. {X} yes sir that Dallas.
Interviewer:  I'd like to ask you a few questions about uh I'll tell you ya if you're getting tired I'd be glad to get a coke
543:  oh that's alright I'm making it I just {X}
Interviewer:  its a theres a machine right around the corner and maybe freshen ya up a bit let me uh {NS}
543:  I remember that he was in World war one {X} that was way back yonder
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm #1 He uh #
543:  #2 that war that # war man I can just remember that
Interviewer:  Is that right?
543:  airplane airplane coming over there like scared us to death
Interviewer:  first one huh? {NW} uh did uh uh ward was uh hundred with Faulkner, did he, was he that author? was uh he the did he go hunting with the author? did the librarian tell me that or what?
543:  or something I just remember what she said but you know {X} He he's well Oh well It's what I thought of and everything but I really don't know. Know he he {NW} I just don't know who that man is
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  I I don't know sir but He had a lot of dealings with the with the peoples you know and all
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm, did you happen to know that writer Faulkner?
543:  Ooh yes sir that's one {NW} fellow yes sir.
Interviewer:  Um
543:  that's right, that's one of those men,
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  yes sir now well you been to his home, the home?
Interviewer:  Yes.
543:  #1 Yes sir oh I see yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh # What do you remember about him?
543:  oh well just writing them books and all and everything and still I hear some people say now that he's uh he's really a still accommodating fellow you know cause they deal with him they was talking about him here not long ago. yes sir. Yes sir he's he he want to be doing something he wanna be doing something you know? And did.
Interviewer:  Nobody stopped him.
543:  No nobody stopped him no sir No sir, that's right.
Interviewer:  somebody told me that um matter a fact i met him out at the grave and uh hes a colored gentleman and he works for uh uh funeral parlor here in uh he told me that he used to see Faulkner at the funeral parlor he'd come down to the post office in the morning and that he'd never get dressed he'd just wear his
543:  #1 That's him #
Interviewer:  #2 pajamas and #
543:  Right right {NW} {NW} Oh yes sir that is right Yes sir.
Interviewer:  He was a apparently if he liked you he liked you
543:  That's right yes sir yes sir
Interviewer:  #1 but if he didn't like you #
543:  #2 Oh oh man # You just {NW} Yes sir that is right. Sure {NW}
Interviewer:  did you ever see him around very much uh
543:  Yes sir I'd see him a lot sure Yes sir yes sir.
Interviewer:  what did he look like uh
543:  Well just just
Interviewer:  i never met him
543:  Well you've seen his picture
Interviewer:  Yes.
543:  Well he just he just that's that's made over Yes sir that's right the picture you see that's made over that's right
Interviewer:  Is that right
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  he must've been kinda small man wasn't he
543:  he was! yes sir he was a small man
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  That's right. yes sir. Yes sir. And he owned a Farm out yonder had some men working out there on it and so he had a gas tank out there you know {NW} and had it filled up long so that gas would run out and so he wanna know where the gas went they hadn't used it up well that fella told him say well he used it up so alright I'll get some more and put it in there {NS} now that's the kinda fella he was you know to somebody. {NW} Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Must have liked him.
543:  {X} Yes sir yes sir that's right. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  i guess he uh uh some of the people in town thought he was kinda peculiar
543:  sure sure! yes sir, that's right, yes sir, that was his way. {NW} Nobody change it, that's right, he he {NW} he helped his town. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  do you remember when they made the movie here?
543:  The intruder in the dust?
Interviewer:  right
543:  I was in it!
Interviewer:  Oh is that right?
543:  Right, yes!
Interviewer:  Well good for you
543:  {NW} Yes sir I was in there, {NW} I don't know where you can look, did you see the picture?
Interviewer:  yes.
543:  I don't know if you could remember driving the wagon I don't guess you could remember that you know just exactly. was in there driving a wagon around in that movie.
Interviewer:  Oh you were?
543:  Yes sir I drove the wagon around there and sitting up there eating peanuts {NW} Oh man {NW} I mean that thing paid well {X} {NW} Yes sir I was in that Intruder in the Dust you know yes sir. A man from Jackson down there he was working up here before then I worked after on that library out there and of course he uh knowed me you know he was superintendent out there in the library and I worked out there so he seen it down in Jackson you know {X} He called and told me that I was the one I was in there driving that wagon he knowed me
Interviewer:  Is that right
543:  Yes sir superintendent Yes sir {X}
Interviewer:  Did you meet any of the actors, they actors stayed in a hotel, did they uh uh while the movie was being made did they stay in the colonial
543:  Yes sir yes sir yes sir yes sir sure sure. That's right yes sir oh yes sir Yes that's right. sure did.
Interviewer:  somebody told me they uh the actors gave everybody in the town a fish fry
543:  they done a big thing though they did they really did yes sir I mean they {X} that oh yes sir. {NW} yes sir. Sure did. {NW} Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Exciting times.
543:  Oh it was yes sir. sure was
Interviewer:  this man told me that uh everybody have a mule all {X} pull body to the cemetery but somebody said no and they just used an ordinary hearse. Did you know about that?
543:  no sir I wasn't around then you know. That's right. I'll say I'll say.
Interviewer:  well it must've been real exciting
543:  Oh it was yes sir sure that's right. {NW} yes sir
Interviewer:  Okay
543:  {NW}
Interviewer:  would you tell me something about the buildings that you had on the farm when you were growing up different buildings where you keep different animals different parts of the farm things like that
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  what ever comes to mind
543:  Sure. Well we had a {X} you know because we moved in it where on the boss man farm where he used to live and he had right now his barn. {NW} of course one place where we kept some of the the stock you know and the hay and the feed and stuff {NW} and so his barn made up and stalls in on it you know and there's a floor in there there was kind of an upstairs where we put the hay we cut hay out of the field hard and pack it back in there and feed the stock on yes and we'd have stalls for them to stand there and feed 'em.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm and the part where you kept the hay did you keep it up
543:  yes sir above the stalls and all
Interviewer:  what would you call that up there
543:  well we call it back then we called it up in the loft barn loft.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  of course that's what we called it back then.
Interviewer:  where would you keep uh did you have corn
543:  yes sir we had corn we had a little {NS} little pen built out there and take wide little woods and cut us some logs. So long probably ten or twelve foot long you know and build us a pen. {NW} lay them logs there and chop out a large giant cones with them make us a pen there ya know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  and of course uh we take little poles then and uh if we didn't have down where the cone wouldn't come through the crack {NW} get us some little long poles and cut 'em and push 'em in the crack and nail them on there keep the cones from coming out.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  get out there and cut some trees down and ride boards and make boards {X} covered with them.
Interviewer:  and uh did you have a name for that place
543:  A crib
Interviewer:  Crib
543:  that's what we called it a crib a corn crib
Interviewer:  uh huh did you have a name for uh any other little sheds that you didn't have around uh
543:  well we would have a hog pen yeah we'd have a little hog pen that's where we'd have our hog pen build it up so much you know and just like that you know put a floor in it for the hogs. {NW} To fatten them on you know. {NW} And then we'd get out there you know and cut rails and stack them around and build a fence put them in the pasture something like a quarter acre and a half several hogs to keep {D: feeded} {NW} summer till fattening time
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm uh did you ever place to keep uh things like oats?
543:  No sir. We didn't have we didn't have oats like that much no sir didn't {NW} what oats we would have then we would just cut 'em like hay {NW} and this you know when they grew up we just cut 'em down let 'em kill for hay and just put 'em in barn you know just like grass hay.
Interviewer:  oh i see
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  you make all this very clear i appreciate it very much because a lot of this is new to me and i don't really understand
543:  sure sure yes sir.
Interviewer:  and uh so some of the questions i ask you may not seem seem kinda foolish but
543:  {NW}
Interviewer:  I really don't know
543:  Well well well well
Interviewer:  uh for example
543:  Yes
Interviewer:  i i knew that you grew oats but you actually didn't grow it as a crop
543:  Oh yes sir yes sir sure now the late these late Years that's counting them years it be late years Of course they can grow them you know and then they have a A you know combine
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  or such as that you know
Interviewer:  but when you were a boy
543:  #1 Oh no sir nothing like that. #
Interviewer:  #2 It wasn't a crop #
543:  No sir
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  in other words we mostly cut 'em then we'd cut oats we'd sow early in the spring and that's what we feed on to have feed to feed our stock {NW} and finish the crop um because if we didn't have enough corn {NW} we'd sow the oats early in March and then we'd get out there with these old cranes and cut them oats by hand not by mule and cut them oats and make a big stroke {NW} and lay them out and then bottle them up and then haul them up like that
Interviewer:  how would you uh would they dry out?
543:  yes sir they'd be drying up. that's right. we'd just cut 'em you'd have 'em when they'd get ripe yellow and ripe ready to cut {NW} and that's when we'd cut you know in in {X} {NW} and of course they'd be dry enough to you know put in the barn just right on.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  did you ever have anything that you'd stack up to dry in the field
543:  well yes sir we would cut that corn that a way ya know we'd save it for feed stuff of course ya know and cut it in uh cut the corn you know it's uh pilot that we'd get a put a bottom of it and that's the way we'd cut {NW} and of course sometimes we'd cut tops out of the corn for the ear of corn we'd cut that top out when it gets ripe before it gets dry too much and that wouldn't hurt the ear of corn just got ripe enough to mature good {NW} without that top. Cut them tops out ya know and hold 'em in your hand till you get a pile of 'em {NW} and then when you get a pile of 'em just you know just lay 'em in a pile and lay them there over a day or something and then they're ready to take care of and then you take 'em up and ball them up in a big ball you know and tie something around 'em you know and this {X}
Interviewer:  Hmm
543:  Right out in that feed
Interviewer:  Is that right
543:  Yes sir and it'll just shed Water off of it.
Interviewer:  uh where did you keep the cows if they weren't in the barn? {NW}
543:  they would stay out in the edge of the woods.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  and what would you call a place where you bring 'em in to milk ?
543:  In the cow pen.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  In a cow pen.
Interviewer:  and uh the uh chickens how about that would you describe that
543:  you know like a can farmer like a raisin them of course We were out there we we we would pick out a chicken and make a house of it just like that. You know take them pulls and make us some housing. {NW} get out there and cook some timber you know large timber you know and split it up and quarter it up just right and make {X} and make boards and cover the chicken house. {NW} Alright and we'd get some plank and uh some poles and make us a land nest farm and put some grass in there you know and then lay in there {NW} of course they lay so long they'd be getting a um {NW} you know go to setting they lay long lots of eggs go to setting. {NW} where we'd have several nesters where we put eggs under them chickens you know and hen {NW} and three weeks they'd be done hatched out of the chicken you know and we'd take 'em off and then {NW} make us a little box out there or something to put them in there you know to huddle them and feed them you know to lay get up large enough to run around. {NW} Turn the hen in and out she'd go in there and rooster you know and we'd feed 'em till they get large enough to go there eating.
Interviewer:  so this uh you'd keep the chickens out of the chicken house
543:  yes sir keep 'em out there ya know yes sir. {NW} We'd just let them roost in there at night you know after till they go to you know {NW} uh got a little hatch off {NW} they go to set out there in these nests ya know outside. {NW} and then when they hatch off then we put 'em in a box to make us a little box out of something or other {NW} make us some boards and dry them down around in a pen {NW} put them in there you know. {NW} Till the chicken is in the place feed 'em you know and water {NW} come in and out till they get larger turn 'em out and let them run around we feed 'em till they get large enough to go to eating them.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm did you ever have anything you called a chicken coup?
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  and what uh is that the big house or that's the small box?
543:  Well that's that that's the big house ya know. The coop Well well no that's the little house the coop you know is Call it a coop Chicken coop
Interviewer:  Where the setting hen would be
543:  with the little ones.
Interviewer:  mm
543:  That's the coop we call it.
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Make a coop you know to put them in
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  and we call that the hen nest where she's sitting Yes sir the chicken house where they roost at you know And then that hen nest there you know call it a hen nest {NW} and after she hatch off when put her in that chicken coop. {X}
Interviewer:  you say you keep the cows in the cow pen
543:  Yes that's where we would have 'em out in the cow pen and where we milk 'em you know would be the pen around it you know that's right {NW} if we didn't have a if we didn't have a place you know to to put 'em in the stall where we would just keep 'em in that lot and feed 'em you know and milk 'em you know and dry 'em and then milk 'em you know and then they go out in the edge of the woods and then they thick woods edge of the woods you know to roost at night {X}
Interviewer:  I see. Did you have a place for other animals outside the barn or just the cows
543:  Well uh well we'd have a a uh not uh uh place for the sto- the horses or mules you know the mules {NW} because the mules would be too rough on the cow we'd have another extra pen to keep the mules in there you know {NW} and we mostly have stay stalls for them to go in covered underneath the barn you know for the mules {NW} Yes sir and we keep 'em in that {X} Whenever next morning {X} turn 'em out in the pasture. the big pasture ya know. Uh either turn 'em in the field let 'em be stripping the field
Interviewer:  and uh what did you do call the time of day when you had to feed the animals
543:  well see that is uh we'd feed 'em every morning.
Interviewer:  and uh you say well this is uh
543:  Breakfast
Interviewer:  i see
543:  yes sir we give 'em that breakfast just like we you know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  as soon as morning
Interviewer:  i see and in the afternoon would you
543:  Well uh see now when we was working 'em hard you know and making the crop why we call it dinner we'd feed 'em that dinner at twelve o clock. {NW} and we'd eat our lunch you know and call it dinner. and then in the light in the dark before about dark or something like that when the day call to give them their supper.
Interviewer:  i see
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  so you treated 'em like human beings
543:  Of course Yes sir, yes sir. That's right we respect them when we work them.
Interviewer:  and uh what did you call the horses, the mules, the cows, and so on what did you call of 'em together
543:  Cattle.
Interviewer:  Critters
543:  Well uh uh see The cows would be cattle. And the horses would be stock.
Interviewer:  oh i see.
543:  Yes sir the stock. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir horses and
Interviewer:  How about the chickens and the ducks?
543:  well you see we'd call 'em fouls of course you know the fouls they was all fouls but you know we'd just say it was chickens and chickens you know {NW} uh ducks {NW} so many ducks you know so many geese you know and all that so many turkeys.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  and uh you mentioned uh how you build a hog pen what did you have to feed the hogs out of
543:  well uh yes sir we go out there in the woods and we'd cut a pretty good size log and we take our axe and trim out a hollow in that. we'd get away from the inner piece each end we'd trim out a hollow in there down pretty deep in there you know. that's what we'd feed 'em in. we'd put the feed in there ya know and a slot for water what ya call it ya know of course we'd have a flowing pen whenever we'd fatten 'em of course {NW} We just just put the feed corn in there yellow corn. It's in there just put it on the floor and they'd eat it. Put the water in that trough.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  i see You made them out of uh
543:  Logs yes sir right yes sir.
Interviewer:  how many would you have?
543:  Oh well according to the family you know when there's a large family you'd need about four or five large ones they'll weigh a couple hundred a piece about
Interviewer:  Oh they would
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  and uh the cows would you have the same thing for them or
543:  well uh no we we would uh you know probably cut trim out something like that for the cow to eat out you know to feed them like that you know the trough is for the feeding. Yes sir. Yes sir. and of course uh Put hay you know why we just put they hay down beside the trough you know on the ground uh {NW} most of the time
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
543:  Yes
Interviewer:  uh different uh would you describe more about the hogs i mean it must have been the most important animal you had for food right
543:  right yes.
Interviewer:  would you describe how you raised them and where the different names {X
543:  #1 Yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  #1 That's right #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  Sure yes sir.
Interviewer:  Explain all those
543:  Well uh uh the Well I'll start with the sow She's a sow you know she's a you know {NS} Female And of course the {NW} Now it's different in a barrow and a male this male when they castrate him hes a barrow. before we castrate him hes a male. of course the sow you know is the old sow uh young Shoat and gilt we call it you know the female young female. little male uh little borrow something like that you see. {NW} Of course you know you breed them of course with the sows there's a certain time you know they come in you know. {X} And breed them to the males you know And raise little pigs Well during the winter you take two to summer like this they don't need to go to bed you know to sleep in just a little something at least {NW} of course something out of the rain of course. {NW} But in the winter time you need to get them put on a big hay bale you know. In a little pen a little house you know. {NW} To keep those pigs warm. {NW} While they're nursing the nursing mother you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  yes sir until they get up about four weeks old then they go to eating.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  See I'm going to run out of tape but I wanted to ask you did you have any wild hogs {X}
543:  {X} catch 'em nah well you know you could go out there but ain't no telling who would get 'em or what {NS} what's all out there you see.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  could put feed out there if you could catch 'em or get them huddled somewhere you know to catch them or something or feed 'em up well they'd be alright {NW}
Interviewer:  What do you call a tough {X}
543:  The hair of course was uh well that's the way you do you know that's great When you get ready to kill them you dress 'em you know and kill them and put them in hot water you know and scrape that off {NW} well it's that old dead skin comes off with that hair too you know and all that scraping come clean you know
Interviewer:  that tough hair is that ever called bristle
543:  yes sir {X} did I say bristle {X} {NW} uh bristle uh we didn't call it bristle {X} but we just called it that bristle is just uh some fat {NW} yes sir uh
Interviewer:  Fat
543:  Yes sir that's right yes sir. #1 Yes #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
543:  That's right. Su- {NS}
Interviewer:  and did you grow any sheep? [X] [D] [NS]
543:  well back then we'd grow a few sheep you know {NW} that's right they did grow a few sheep back there in them time you know
Interviewer:  what would the male be called
543:  a ram
Interviewer:  and the female
543:  Uh uh yoe
Interviewer:  and what would you grow on the floor mostly? would you eat 'em or
543:  well uh yes sir we'd eat 'em eat 'em sometime the young ones. {NW} And mostly grow them out they grow wool is what we would make these clothes out of is
Interviewer:  #1 they actually make the um #
543:  #2 wool # wool that's right that hair that grows out of them and it'd be long {NW} when you shear them take a shear and then shear that hair off and and and and and and and sack it up.
Interviewer:  I see
543:  yes sir that's that's right sure you shear them so often {NW} Lay them on a table catch them and lay them out on a table they'd act {D: just so long as} there ain't no trouble
Interviewer:  Is that
543:  Yes sir, that's right. {NW} Shear that hair off of them you know and and then sack it up {NW} um I don't know just how often right now but it will be so long that hair be done growed back out on them again.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  and uh how about the cattle? uh the male and female? of course the female would be the cow but the male would be
543:  #1 Cow #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  bull
Interviewer:  uh-huh
543:  and the heifers cow like that you know
Interviewer:  did you uh did uh when you were young did people ever say bull in front of a woman or something?
543:  no sir they said a steer no sir you you're right about that they wouldn't say bull. {NW} that done got so they don't pay it or notice is that uh {D: that yelling}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  {D: Yelling} that steer or that {D: yelling.}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm I wonder why that was somebody told me that uh
543:  right well that bull sound that sounds like it's too {NW} what do you call it too {NW} too ugly or something or other that's what I think
Interviewer:  I see
543:  That's the way they thought of it.
Interviewer:  and uh when they talk about hogs do they talk about a boy or
543:  no sir a male no they wouldn't say male boy hog or something like that you know
Interviewer:  hmm
543:  That's right. the boy hog or the girl hog you wouldn't say sow at all you wouldn't say now it ain't nothing but back then they wouldn't do it no sir
Interviewer:  and uh the young uh the cow the heifer
543:  Heifers. #1 You would say heifers. #
Interviewer:  #2 Heifers #
543:  Heifers.
Interviewer:  um
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  they ever say calves
543:  yes sir the calves yes sir they would you know the young ones they was the calves yes sir.
Interviewer:  and if a cow was going to have a calf how would they describe it?
543:  well if they know there's one going to come in Going to be fresh.
Interviewer:  #1 I see #
543:  #2 Fresh. #
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  and uh would you tell me about the dogs that you remember? different kinds of dogs
543:  well yes sir I can tell you about them uh I did take the hounds of course that's what I handled mostly {NW} yes sir {NW} oh yes sir you you you teach them you know and uh by raising them you mean
Interviewer:  yes different kinds
543:  well
Interviewer:  that you would call 'em that looked like that?
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  Hounds these old long eared hounds you know and all well {NW} yes sir you you takes them and you hunt something you know and I love to hunt them and {NW} train them these old long eared hounds and train them after coons and possum and squirrels and whichever you know {NW} and then it' s just a lot of different kinds of dogs ya know It'd be prairie dogs them's this {NS} I call 'em hay pounders and hay for {NW} Shepherds what they call them prairie dogs you know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  And then you find old long haired ones Some of them they call them shepherds you know and {NW} oh different kind of name poodles and
Interviewer:  how about the ones that are noisy and
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  they run around a lot
543:  that's right yes sir and I'll tell you what s- some of 'em called some of them that little old brown short legged dog they call them weenie dogs {NW} What And that's the only way I know And then there's some rude little noisy one them is feisty
Interviewer:  I see
543:  yes sir them small little dogs they's feisty oh they makes a good squirrel dogs when you train them
Interviewer:  are they pretty uh scrappy?
543:  yes sir oh yes sir man that's right yes sir {NW} they you know people used to say oh they're the most feisty they would make the big dogs fight you know oh they're so {NW} scrappy why they make the big dogs jump on the others you know they ain't gonna do nothing they can't they ain't big enough
Interviewer:  they just like to start it off
543:  that's it they start a fight {NW} yes sir.
Interviewer:  oh when uh somebody when a man uh uh makes a dog mad and the dog comes after it you say well that man's gonna get
543:  {NW} dog bit
Interviewer:  and uh uh when he picks up a rock and lets go he says I'm watching what?
543:  watch him uh going to
Interviewer:  Just uh uh chunk
543:  {X} Sure throw and hit him you know Chunking him ya know chunking him bad You know and he chunks him you know
Interviewer:  #1 And uh #
543:  #2 Yes sir #
Interviewer:  the different calls to animals, can you remember how you used to call in the cows? and call in the horses and things like that
543:  yes sir! sure!
Interviewer:  would you tell me? and here again the book is no help at all - I- uh you gotta hear it
543:  {NS} yes sir yes sir
Interviewer:  I cant write it
543:  no sir I'll say it
Interviewer:  {X} would you uh tell me uh how you used to do that?
543:  you would call a cow you would get out there you know and we'd call a cow you know we call 'em sook {D: holler you know and call 'em sook} sook that's for cows you know and they soon learn to come you know and all {NW} Yes sir. {NW} and we whistle you know for the horses like {NW} #1 For the horses #
Interviewer:  #2 For the horses #
543:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  horses the horses you know. and tell 'em to come on you know and holler and tell them to come on {NW} and then feed 'em something when they get there and then it won't be long before you learn them and whenever they hear that they's coming in to ya {NW} Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  yes sir.
Interviewer:  and how about the hogs
543:  The hog the hog you get out there you know and holler hoo pig hoo pig hoo pig {NW} #1 They coming in #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # i see
543:  Yes sir hoo pig Come on piggy
Interviewer:  Did you have a special call for the mules
543:  no mules and horses are about the same {NW} yes sir yes sir.
Interviewer:  and chickens?
543:  chick yes sir we get out there and holler chick chick #1 chick #
Interviewer:  #2 and then they'd come #
543:  oh yes sir they come flying and running
Interviewer:  and uh did you have a call for the sheep
543:  {NW} {D: holler out there you know sheepy} sheepy come on sheepy sheepy
Interviewer:  I see Yes sir that's right. and uh the different noises that animals make uh the calf how would you say that how you would you describe the noise?
543:  well of course you know they holler uh you know sort of like a cow {X} a calf holler you know {NW} {NW} That's the way a calf hollers he sounds like that you know
Interviewer:  And
543:  An old cow holler moo
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  Moo
Interviewer:  and how do you describe those calf uh calf somebody said calf blats
543:  blates they call it blates yes sir that's right that well that's just the way it is blating
Interviewer:  uh-huh
543:  yes sir for its mother
Interviewer:  and uh the uh the noise that a horse makes when hes quiet and ready to eat
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  shuffling noise what do you call that?
543:  Squealing
Interviewer:  I see
543:  squealing
Interviewer:  And when he's mad and throws his head back
543:  snorting he's snorting man yes sir we call that snorting
Interviewer:  alright did you ever hear nicker or flicker? horse nicker?
543:  Nickels that's what we call squealing you know nickeling
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Yes sir. That's that's about the sa- it's the same thing. #1 Nickeling and squealing #
Interviewer:  #2 That's a pretty # Quiet
543:  Oh yes sir squeal yes sir That's right or nickeling {X}
Interviewer:  and uh i also wanted to ask you uh when we were talking about the bore and the uh uh bull what did you call a male horse?
543:  we called him a horse
Interviewer:  the male?
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  and uh {NW} well in the older times we called a mare filly as a different as a nicer name than a mare.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  {NW} now they call 'em mare {NW} horses or stud horses
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Filly a horse
Interviewer:  i see
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  now would you tell me everything you can remember about riding the horse and hitching him up and getting ready to go pull a buggies
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  Things like that would you just describe that
543:  Well you got how do you say you made for them, harnesses already made for them of course you know the factory make 'em {NW} They got a collar on they put a collar on that horse and it fits his sh- neck and shoulders and comes out on his shoulder {NW} or if they got some hames they call it they put acro- over that collar. {NW} they got some trace chains to fasten to them hames they got log heads they call it {NW} fasten those traces to them hames {NW} and them traces about six foot long long enough to go back there to hitch to the trail I mean {NW} hitch to the singletree we call it you know the singletree so long there you know it got hooks on it too and traces too. {NW} well it's got a a cuff on it right in the middle you know to hook back to the buggy {NW} or to the wagon either one of course {NW} mostly hitches two horses to the um wagon you can hitch 'em both to that you know one have a tong in between that to guide the wagon you know {NW} to guide these wheels you know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  and so you can hitch one on one side one on the other {NW} and have some change come out at the end of the tong past to the breast down there {NW} and they just hitch up the wagon and all {NW} going down a hill why they just hold 'em back with the lines on 'em you know {NW} cross lines on 'em you know to hold 'em back to keep 'em from running or going down the hill too fast {NW} and of course you know and then they have a back band they called it crossed it back {NW} to hold the traces up keep 'em from falling down ya know. Yes sir. Then they have a called a belly band with a strap on it that come back under their belly they come up to the trace to keep 'em from ran up and just hold 'em right there you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir. And they pull that wagon up there the buggy the same way.
Interviewer:  Uh, when you uh mention singletree did uh I'm not sure if I understand that, did you have a singletree for each horse?
543:  Yes sir. That's right.
Interviewer:  And then they would hook on to uh..
543:  A doubletree.
Interviewer:  I see. Say would you join the two of them together
543:  Right. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  See, yes sir. I say to hitch them to a wagon that away you know where you had that singletree {NW} when you have a doubletree on the wagon you know it's hitched to the wagon back here you know {NW} and this end sticking out here and then a chain come back to the wagon you know to keep it straight you know and guide {NW} well this tongue coming up through here you know and one horse on this side of the tongue and one on that {NW} what I mean by the singletree and then you'd have a short singletree here {NW} fastened to this doubletree here on the end. You see and that horse is over here where the shortest tree you know to come up is them traces to.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  I see. Uh well you're a good teacher you really make this uh make this clear to me uh uh what what would you use to uh uh make the horse go faster uh
543:  Well uh {NW} I tell you what we used back in the old times course they come on up because they did have a some few but {NW} everybody wouldn't able to use them uh a whip kind of a buggy whip oh they got some of them made you know these the long whips you know {NW} and it's kind of platted up out of leather {NW} of course we you know out of {NW} we mostly back then we go out there and cut us a hickory out of the woods. And then they'd just that was good enough to make 'em go.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  That was real uh limber
543:  Right. Yes sir. Small little hickory you know not one too large you know when you find 'em out there the long keen hickory you know {NW} whip 'em and make 'em go. {NW}
Interviewer:  And uh let's see when you would ride a horse uh when you'd ride a horse you um you'd have not a lines but you hold on to
543:  When you riding him?
Interviewer:  Ride
543:  Yes sir. You know they have a bridle on him and of course bits in his mouth {NW} and you have a line on each side in each reign you know and pull him the way you want him to go you know, yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh what did you used to call things you put your feet into?
543:  A s- stir
Interviewer:  sir
543:  a saddle stir
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  yes sir.
Interviewer:  And if you didn't manage to stay on and came off you'd say well he fell
543:  He throwed him off #1 Throwed him #
Interviewer:  #2 Throw #
543:  yes sir. #1 Yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 And # Um, uh, I'm interested in one thing here uh in oxen and mules and horses uh what uh how would you describe two of each of those?
543:  The oxens
Interviewer:  and mules and horses you have uh you have two horses the uh say you got a
543:  A horse team
Interviewer:  A team of horses
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  and then if you had two mules
543:  Well a team of mules.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear people say a pair of mules
543:  Pair of mules, yes sir, right, that's right pair of mules, pair of horses
Interviewer:  Either one?
543:  Yes sir, right, they're the same thing.
Interviewer:  Same thing?
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And did you see uh people use oxen around
543:  I've done it. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Have you? #
543:  I've done it. yes sir, man, yes {NW} I I just {NW} look like I wish was back there in that time {D: a long place} {NW}
Interviewer:  Well you look like you enjoyed it
543:  Really yes sir yes sir man {NW} we trained them oxens you know uh and I've seen them haul logs with 'em {X} yes sir. oxens you know we have a {NW} a bowl {NW} alright now I've made 'em and we've and of course the factory makes 'em you know {NW} a yoke and we use a yoke oxen {NW} we have uh well we got some bowls {NW} {X} something something something like this you know this was a bowl a stick {NW} well we go trim it out you know for it to be smooth and make a stick you know and bend it and it would be straight you know we can bend it and make a bow out of it {NW} well we have a long piece of wood {NW} and we cue it out to where it would fit sawed it you know to fit his neck alright now we'd poke two holes in there on that end and we would have it long about four foot long {NW} come across over here to the next one and it would be the same thing. {NW} and we put a hole here and we put a ring here you know to fasten 'em to it {NW} {D: we'd put that bow on top of that yellin's neck that oxen's neck you know} and that boulder on his neck you know {NW} and that big bull is up there on the back of his neck just here bull go cross up there you know the yoke that's what we call it {NW} and this bull go around his neck and go up through that {NW} and man them thing can pull {NW} yeah you put that wagon tongue in between 'em there you know and fan it in that reign that away {NW} and that big yoke go across his neck you know and that bull comes up under it you know so so large about like on them you know where it won't hurt it you know. {NW} and that cows getting pulled
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh did you say you had a yolk, a oxen and like a pair of horses
543:  Horses, right, right, that's right yes sir we we we trained 'em up like that. #1 Sure did. #
Interviewer:  #2 And uh # Did you did you call two of two of the oxen a yolk of oxen?
543:  Yoke of oxens that's right. A yoke of oxen
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear a span of span of oxen?
543:  Oh well I don't we just didn't call 'em that then span well I don't know that would be that would be more more of the yoke would it it would be the same thing. {NW} {X}
Interviewer:  That be so...that be so.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  I just, I bet you, you're right
543:  Span and I believe {NW} that just run my crazy mind a span would be I thought maybe more than one of course {NW} I've seem 'em like that {NW} and man I've seen 'em with chain and oh man they have {NW} six or eight oxens to one big wagon.
Interviewer:  Oh I bet that's it. A yolk of oxen would be a two over the yolk.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And a span would be more than two.
543:  That's what I'm thinking
Interviewer:  Three
543:  Yes sir they have a chain running right down through all all of them you know in a row you know.
Interviewer:  Okay
543:  Man, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Fine.
543:  I say
Interviewer:  Uh, I think we talked about oh when you talked about the you have a team and how would you say that you you have a team or how did you have a team or how did you...
543:  A team of
Interviewer:  Uh say uh uh a horses
543:  Horses, yes sir a team would just a be a wag- I mean two you know to
Interviewer:  And how would you describe what you were doing with 'em if they uh say uh you tell a boy you're not old enough pretty soon you're gonna be old enough to what?
543:  Drive 'em
Interviewer:  Drive 'em
543:  Drive 'em
Interviewer:  Yourself.
543:  Yes sir, yes sir drive 'em, yes sir.
Interviewer:  #1 And uh #
543:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  Uh
543:  And too I would like to mention too about this here becoming these oxen I meant to {X} why you know why they call this place Oxford
Interviewer:  No I don't...
543:  Oxford. Oxford, spell that Oxford
Interviewer:  I see. Uh they actually use Oxford uh oxen around here that much?
543:  Oxes that's what this you mentioned about this that's why they call this Oxford. It used to be here this branch down here you know that back in them olden times you know they uh was going back and forth here through here {NW} and I don't know where where first one the place another can't tell just about a way but anyway {NW} there's a Ford down here and inside the dealer's town here and that's why you know they c- there wasn't no no no creeks I mean the creeks, creeks what I mean is there weren't no bridge down and that's where they make that old Oxford cups and the water was going down through there you see and that's what they call the Oxford we watered the oxens down there you know and everything
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  And that's the reason they call this place Oxford. {NW} Oxford they call it you know they cuts it off like but it's Oxford.
Interviewer:  The Ford
543:  Oxford that's right and they named this little town Oxford and build it up like that yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh, what do you remember about your first automobile? The airplane kind of
543:  Oh man that, that's right and man you talking about getting scared when we'd meet one of them would go forwards in the road {NW} yes sir I say yes I remember when them there the little old T models come out man {NW} of course you know it was several years before I ever owned one of course but you know around with them you know and other people you know {NW} I'll say it manage in the zone some you know Would ride with them And Yeah I I like to drive them With four wheel on there you know And man I I that's one thing I still drive one of them old T models
Interviewer:  Is that right
543:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Did uh you have trouble with the tires, when you first came out?
543:  Oh y-
Interviewer:  When somebody... I heard that you had to keep patching the
543:  Oh yes sir! Man that's right we patched all the time man we'd have a flat along we'd just stop and {NW} pick it up and step on a s- jack or something or other anything
Interviewer:  Actually it wasn't as much the tire as it was the
543:  The tools the tools the main thing that's right, yes sir.
Interviewer:  but you would let the air out
543:  yes sir I would let the air out, yes sir, that's right, that's right, yes sir
Interviewer:  Uh how about the gas how did you uh how much gas would they take
543:  Uh it would take the right amount of gas on the T model back then yeah I wouldn't know just what but right smart of gas a whole lot more than they do now because {NW} driving along and then you'd had to take the load on 'em you know and pass by no road wasn't rough just {NW} just dirt roads and everything you know and it took a lot of gas.
Interviewer:  Uh how the about the oils?
543:  We didn't use too much oil of course you know no sir no sir that's right. {NW} you know till it get old about wore out you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And you mentioned dirt roads, would you describe how the roads have changed?
543:  Oh man
Interviewer:  Time uh
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  {X} all of them dirt
543:  right right yes sir that's right. Man we'd have to pick time when using them cars back then we couldn't just use them just any time
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  And it had to be a dry time you know and all and the roads just all all the way through the woods.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Yes sir just
Interviewer:  How did, how did they keep up with the roads?
543:  Well they didn't sir rich 'em I'd say keep 'em up was there some individual would go along and um roll the {X} or something or other some time {X} work on it their self and took on their own work on it because they're just going over it {NW} and maybe some of 'em are getting you know say let's work work on the road through here and we work so far you know and all get out there to share with the mules or something and other so work on the road and then maybe somebody else take it up and go on further you know #1 Such as that right #
Interviewer:  #2 So far #
543:  Yes sir. That's all.
Interviewer:  What would you call um a road that wasn't a public road that was just narrow and ran from a public road to a farm... what would you call that?
543:  Aw that's just a little old farm {X} Call it you know Yes sir just a little old farm road way
Interviewer:  And uh do you remember uh uh what the difference or how what the next step was after the dirt road what did they do to make it better?
543:  they, well, they'd put gravel on it, call it gravel the road Gravel the road yes sir. #1 Yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 And then # Uh what's the next step...?
543:  Oh well {NW} frankly what they well sir I think well most black topper road {NW} call it asphalt road you know some {NW} and then what they {NW} concrete in it put what they call the concrete road
Interviewer:  And uh is that fairly recent
543:  Yeah right right yeah that's it, yes sir we had one for several years back yonder before then yes sir.
Interviewer:  A little road that wasn't public um but was just uh linked several farms what would you call?
543:  Just a little old uh it's not a not a public road you know but just a Uh
Interviewer:  {D: Somebody told me it was a lie away or a neighborhood road or}
543:  Well sir that's what they called mostly call it just a little neighborhood road you see just just connecting farms or something together it's a neighborhood road
Interviewer:  Okay
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  {NS} And uh if your car was uh stuck uh in the mud uh you get a mule and uh take
543:  Yes sir many times, many times that's right yes sir {NW} have a good mule if it ain't stuck too bad why just go get a mule and hook to the front of it you know and start it on off and it'd go spin and get on out
Interviewer:  Yank and pull
543:  Yes sir yes sir yes sir.
Interviewer:  Did you have to get behind and...
543:  Well sometime they would you know of course and hot bed is stuck but hardly ever you know {NW} we had good mules back then you know and so
Interviewer:  No man power
543:  Not too much no sir no sir, that's right of course now I'll tell you what we have pushed them a many miles though at night and get off you know that we'd get off any time it rain {NW} and uh maybe several of us in the car you know and ride a piece and then have to get out and push push till {NW} oh man
Interviewer:  Get out of the mud
543:  Yes sir right right right, that's right Sure did.
Interviewer:  Uh when you have a uh something for uh sawing logs it would look like this what would you call it?
543:  A rack.
Interviewer:  And if you use this and put planks across
543:  Yes sir that's uh um whatcha call it um yes sir I know this is a uh {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh a carpenter
543:  Man yes sir that's right what how come I can't call {X} #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 I think # You're doing fine I think this is uh..
543:  Good gracious.
Interviewer:  I uh somebody told me that this is a a thing that looks like this is a rack
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  And this is called a bench
543:  Yes saw bench man, a saw horse some call saw bench or saw horse you know
Interviewer:  Which do you remember calling it uh when you were a boy? Do you remember?
543:  Saw horse.
Interviewer:  Saw horse
543:  Saw horses that's what we'd call 'em you know.
Interviewer:  And uh would you describe other tools that you had? Things did you have uh what did you pound with? Did you have regular uh hammers or...?
543:  No sir {NS} no sir no sir man that that was something {NW} we'd go out there in the woods and we cut us a hickory and we'd cut us off a block about that long {NW} and something like this and we'd trim out a handle on it right in the middle of it all the way around and leave a handle on it and that handle would be right in the middle of it {NW} handle would be so long you know we trim all this off we'd cut around the chin you know cut around it you know and uh keep that trim off and trim at hand and leave that handle sticking off {NW} without the other part long part it would be about that long you know {NW} where we get it and put it around that fly and kind of toughen it and burn it solder you know? {NW} and that would make it tough. And man we dry posters and
Interviewer:  Is that right?
543:  and wooden wedges, oh yes sir oh it would last a good while
Interviewer:  Uh when you uh what other things in later on did you get for that?
543:  Well we got, we finally got a you know a sledge hammer with this wooden handle in it you know and went to drive and got some {NW} steel wedges we call it you know and that's what we're using now.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm but you are actually made your own
543:  Yes sir, that's right yes sir good
Interviewer:  When you um um when have to sharpen something would you describe different things was cradle you mentioned when you were harvesting...
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  how would you sharpen that?
543:  Well we get a well well we would get a brick man or something like that uh sometime we'd get a file we'd have a file you know and it's got a long blade on it you know where we we'd sharpen wit that that blade you know and have that file {NW} and of course if we didn't have a file in this {X} so for the time we'd get us a brick bed and you know some sharpen good with it.
Interviewer:  Hmm with a brick bed
543:  Yes sir yes sir yes sir that's right sure we done that
Interviewer:  And your razor uh at home
543:  A razor well {NW} we would we would get you know some time on the hand sometime old old leather piece of leather strap or something like that you know and sharpen that razor
Interviewer:  And how about uh knives
543:  Well knives oh man my mother had done that old cook stove oh you know metal stove {NW} sharpen that knife on that stove you know #1 in front of you #
Interviewer:  #2 So you actually # didn't have any wet stones or
543:  No sir, no sir, no sir, no sir {NW} and sometimes we get out there and maybe you know uh {NW} old sand rock or something or other {NW} picked up {NW} and get them knives on there and man and sharpen 'em
Interviewer:  mm-hmm and uh did you when was it when you finally got big round?
543:  Rounded rock {NW} oh it was late, it done got late oh man I was still out in the cold {NW} and turned out that ol' rock with my daddy to sharp axes that's {NW} really I ain't got no sense in them {NW}
Interviewer:  Well I think...
543:  Clearing up land for people you know we move on this place and we clear up land my daddy was a bad manager {NW} well in a way well he just managed and get with the wrong people and all {NW} and he just go along we work we'd get on the man place and clean it up you know he gave us the wood off of it which we got to have wood you know and and cut all the wood off the place and wouldn't have no say and wouldn't get nothing out of it {NW} that's why I worked during the winter during the winter when I would've been in school {NW} and we cleared peoples land that way and all {NW} we start grinding that old ax there you know every morning in the cold and at twelve o clock at noon {NW} and grinding that ax you know for it to be sharp and we'd go and clear up woods clear people's land
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh what did you uh what do you call that thing with one wheel and handles that you can push?
543:  It's a wheel barrow, yes sir.
Interviewer:  Did you have that when you were pretty young
543:  Well yes sir and we would done that we would get out in the woods and cut us a tree down saw us a wheel off you know pulled a hole through it and got a vine stuck through that wheel oh man that thing worked good
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  Yes sir. Got us two sticks and place the binds something else got us two sticks and you know build a hole in 'em and put 'em in that rod you know and made us a wheel barrow
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  #1 yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Um # when you uh when somebody would start to build something and you really didn't uh wasn't very good at it what kind of carpenter would you call?
543:  Well they'd call him sort of a jackleg #1 carpenter #
Interviewer:  #2 carpenter # I see and that meant that uh he wasn't a real carpenter
543:  No sir that's right that's right. no sir he wasn't a good carpenter that's right.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  he's what you call a
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear that applied to preacher
543:  Uh yes sir right I sort of believe we've got some of 'em
Interviewer:  And uh that means he's not
543:  Not not what he ought to be you know of course He's
Interviewer:  It's not quite clear to me what he's not a good man or?
543:  No he's just not a good man that's right, that's right, that's right.
Interviewer:  Or he's not educated or
543:  Well
Interviewer:  Uh
543:  It could not be the education in Oxford because all of 'em don't have it you know it is {X} {NW} of course he just uh he's not a good man
Interviewer:  I see
543:  That's right and he's just uh going through the job
Interviewer:  Because you're lucky
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  and likes to show off #1 I see oh I see #
543:  #2 Yeah right right right that's right, yes sir. # Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Um and the things that you put in revolvers that you have a certain name not shells or bullets but uh uh things you put in guns
543:  Uh c- I mean uh {NS} No no not cartridge {NW} You mean uh
Interviewer:  I think that's uh
543:  #1 Cartridges #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Uh-huh and you call 'em cartridge
543:  That's what we call 'em cartridges {NW} you know put it in the revolver that's cartridges
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Of course you put them in a shot gun we call them shells you know yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh the uh I meant to ask you uh when you were talking about shaving did you uh did you have anything to get your hair out of your eyes?
543:  No sir no sir no sir {NW} No sir, that's right, sure didn't.
Interviewer:  Uh did you make anything
543:  Well
Interviewer:  Around how did you?
543:  {NW} Well
Interviewer:  how would women for example a man gotta get a haircut real short but what would a woman do?
543:  Well I'll tell you sometimes some few of them had a comb {NW} and I'll tell you man sometimes some would have a comb sometimes some wouldn't and sometimes they would buy a comb so um they'd break it in two and donate it to the neighbors or something like that.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  Was it hard to come by?
543:  Oh oh right right man {NW} it looked so pitiful in places {NW} I don't know yes sir that's what they would do back then in them times you know. {NW} and then sometimes they just wouldn't have it I am going to tell you what man it may seem funny that {NW} but too you know {NW} sometimes the husband would have a curl comb to curl the horses with probably you've seen them curly comb that you comb horses with {NW} and that's what a lot of the people would use and comb curl comb you know they got little teeth on them you know and that's what they would brush their hair with.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir comb their hair with of course you take some of the women you know they just had to do the best they could combing it which way they could with that curl comb.
Interviewer:  Oh really had to do for themselves
543:  Oh man man right right yes sir {X}
Interviewer:  Um
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  I'd like to ask you also about the different kinds of fences you had uh do you remember the fences made?
543:  Yes sir them rail fences, stacked railed fences
Interviewer:  #1 Did you ever hear anyone call them worm fences? #
543:  #2 Yes sir # Well mostly, well I'll tell you that's what they {NW} wanted to call them you know them worm fences of course you know {NW} but we just all called them stacked rail fences
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  yes sir stacked rail fences {NW} {X} {D: make them into them there} Thing you know and haul {NW} Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And what uh what were they replaced by?
543:  Other, other, other rails of course you know {NW} yeah when one of them rot go cut some more and uh and uh {X} {NW} or just jack up that at that rail and put in a new rail.
Interviewer:  Oh, you could just
543:  Oh yes sir yes sir sure sure
Interviewer:  the whole
543:  that's right yes sir yes sir.
Interviewer:  Around uh the garden what would you have?
543:  Well uh-huh
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  we'd go out there and cut uh some trees pretty good sized trees you know we had {X} yeah you know of course we had large tree {NW} and cut 'em so long long as you want 'em four, five, six foot long you know and split 'em up {NW} and split 'em in a way to {X} We had a fro We had a hand an uh fro it was sort of made in an L and uh we we'd derive palings out of that. Yes sir thin palings so thick you know {NW} yes sir we learned how to do that you know rive {X} and split it open, ride them {X} you know?
Interviewer:  Uh you mean you'd take a tree about this big?
543:  Oh, larger than that #1 big tree, large tree you know #
Interviewer:  #2 Large oh I see #
543:  #1 and then you spl- #
Interviewer:  #2 And then you just uh split up like this I see #
543:  pieces what you have good and then take that fro then and uh split it just {NW} just narrow as you want them {X} you know just hit it start it in start it in get about half way in split it and bust it open {NW} where you then stick your fro in there and hit it down with another little {X} made you know. {NW} split off the palings you know. Turn it each way you want to go I made a many of paling {NW} Yes sir.
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  And then and then {NW} of course you got the posters out there so you put the posters in {NW} and cut you some old rails split rails you know {NW} and turn 'em up edge the way to where you know the s- the square would you know s- would be up like {NW} trim 'em nail 'em to them posters then nail the palings to 'em. And make some good boards. {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh what what's the difference between pail fence and picket fence?
543:  A picket fence, picket fence, don't know about the picket fences pailings
Interviewer:  Probably the same thing
543:  Maybe maybe a new name they give to palings {NW} we call that a pailing because you make pailings yes sir
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm #1 When you #
543:  #2 Yes sir #
Interviewer:  first got wire uh long ago was that?
543:  Aw it's been aw it ain't been so many years ago we you know {NW} course some people had it you know, some but you know most of the people they didn't it ain't been so many years ago before they could get wire you know they still making palings you know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  they was good.
Interviewer:  And you wired the pailings together or
543:  Well we nailed 'em. We nailed 'em then you know. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And how about the wire with the stickers on...
543:  That barbed wire yes sir {NW} we didn't need that then of course uh that's what we put on the past the fence make it a big fence around a lot of the time and a lot of the time we put polls to make it past the fence for the cattle.
Interviewer:  I see it clearly you said uh... did you ever use the word metal for uh
543:  Yeah, right, that's it, that's it yes sir this the metal you know that's what we call the where the Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Is that bad land or uh
543:  Uh, well uh no sir no sir, I'll tell you what it is uh better the land is uh you know the better the grass will be the meadow will be you know
Interviewer:  Oh I
543:  Yes sir. {NW} we just had to pick out a place you know to put the cattle you know {NW} of course they would pick out some good land you know it would be spotty you know {NW} better the land would be the more meadow the cow would have to eat
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Yes sir to graze on.
Interviewer:  And uh uh speaking of land I was wondering different kinds of you say you cleared a lot of land exactly what is bottom?
543:  {NW} Bottom is down in the lower land down in the low country you know.
Interviewer:  #1 Now is that good #
543:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  land
543:  Yes sir that's good land that where they yes sir that's the bottom and that's the good land {NW} of course we cut on the ridge out on that hill and you know you know {NW} but that bottom land is down in the level land yes sir that's good land.
Interviewer:  Is uh uh is that swamp or uh
543:  No sir, well I'll tell you what now you find some swamp {NW} but uh probably you gonna have you going to try to cultivate it {NW} you probably would have to cut you a ditch through that to drain it in that swamp land where it hit a drain you know and water go off of it {NW} of course you cut a ditch through it like I did my land down in what I got in there {NW} used to overflow a lot and swampy out in there you know {NW} and it got a drag line ditch cut down through there you know where it'll It'll drain the place standing up out there you know. It will soak down and drain off. You know and be dry that swampy land.
Interviewer:  Okay I see so I suppose you have a wet place in the middle of the field what do you call that uh?
543:  Well they call it a s- sea kind of a wet place some call it kind of a spring seep you know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  the water sort of {X} you know and makes a wet slash
Interviewer:  #1 Is that a marsh? #
543:  #2 out there. #
Interviewer:  Or just call it a seep?
543:  Yes well you call it a marsh you know sort of a marsh you know out in there you know where a kind of a wet sea place out in there
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  and probably you'll have to cut you a little ditch down through there you know to drain it off into some lower place.
Interviewer:  When you were a boy did they ever talk about fertile, fertile?
543:  Fertilize
Interviewer:  Uh, fertile land did you ever talk about, did you ever use the word fertile
543:  No, no you don't you don't mean fertilize you know something to
Interviewer:  Uh, fertile to describe land as being
543:  Fertile
Interviewer:  yes
543:  No sir, no sir no sir we didn't know nothing about that back then No sir.
Interviewer:  And, um the different kinds of soil that you've got, the kind that's uh breaks up in your hands easily what what do you call that uh?
543:  Well kind of a uh {NW} sandy land like
Interviewer:  Yeah part sand part.
543:  Well it's clay, right, you know yes sir that's right
Interviewer:  And do you have a name for that or did you?
543:  No no oh no called aluminum soil
Interviewer:  Let me ask you
543:  Yes...
Interviewer:  the uh uh I heard loan and buckshot
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  and gumbo
543:  yes sir that's right
Interviewer:  Are they all the same thing?
543:  Well pretty well that buckshot land well the buckshot land is kind of {X} {NW} Buckshot land has got little old small little old rocks in it
Interviewer:  Oh, I see
543:  Just small little crumbs of rocks they call that buckshot land {NW} it don't grow to stuff too well
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
543:  #2 {X} # This
Interviewer:  Lungs pretty good is it?
543:  Yes sir, yes sir that's right, that's pretty good, you know yes sir. #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  And uh I'll tell you uh something uh you told me how you harvested oats and you tied 'em together uh did you ever have the difference between shocks and sheers and things like that
543:  Well that's that's the same thing that's about the same thing.
Interviewer:  And what, what do you do uh what kind of corn shock, could you describe that?
543:  Well of co- wait {NW} yes sir, I'll tell you what now corn shocks is something like this {NW} of course you can cut the whole stalk if you want to and shock it up it's good much better {NW} but if you just want to cut them tops off it you can shock them you see {NW} well you can cut this whole corn stalk off {NW} yeah then you can you can put it in big shocks like that and tie you a string or rope what's the name around it you know and it'll stay out there in the field all the weather {NW} you know if you you know didn't want and of course the stalk can eat off it right there you know {NW} what these oats is is when you {NW} they got uh something fastened we did have you know something fastened on a a blade it's got a long handle in it and it's crooked you know {NW} and uh that blade you know you you you sling it but you got to get used to it {NW} and it's got a cradle on there or something that holds that metal when they cut them {NW} and sort of pulls them around in a little {X} {NW} when you throw that cradle out you know and cut them oats and take this hand and just rake them out you know {NW} in a little barn. {NW} Yes sir just cut that and rake them out and throw them down in a little barn and then you can go back you know oh there'd be the barns about like that every rake every stroke you make {NW} course that's the way you know we did because we didn't have these here things that uh mowers and a lot of stuff like that they come by some things you come by those now {NW} but that's what we did then {NW} we throw it out there you know and just rake that barn in {NW} where we {X} drop them down there you know and just keep it going rock them down where you can go back and tie them down to the old truck in the tie 'em you know {NW} and it would be in barns about like that and it would be more easy to handle you know.
Interviewer:  Did you stack them together uh?
543:  Well you can just after you tie 'em up in the field then you can take 'em out you're supposed to take them on out and then haul them out to the barn put them up in the barn you know. #1 to feed them #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh so they just stay in the field till they dry and then you take
543:  Well of course now there's there's {X} {NW} you know whenever you get them cut
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  Don't cut them until they're dry
543:  No sir no sir well well well you know till it gets sort of dry you know right you don't cut them till {NW} by the time and then that's in the it's hot summer time too cause they'll uh soon dry enough you know at that time of year yes you cut 'em in the bottom you know {NW} we just cut 'em and just lay 'em there and then go back and tie to where you can have them you know in the barn.
Interviewer:  And uh when it came a time to break the land in the spring would you describe what you do with that uh came a time in the spring to really break the land the crops what... how would you do that uh would you tell me something about that?
543:  Now what they plant uh just any crop or
Interviewer:  Yes any any
543:  Well you #1 Take #
Interviewer:  #2 What are the steps #
543:  Yes sir, well you take you know the way they do now you know {NW} Well #1 Well you gonna take #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  Back yonder
Interviewer:  Really more
543:  #1 back yonder #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} yes # Mm-hmm
543:  back yonder you uh we'd get the mules up you know and we'd uh get out there we'd hitch them to a turning plow {NW} now sometimes we'd hitch two to one big two horse plow we call it {NW} and then some why we'd hitch them to a one horse turning plow {NW} and we'd get out there and we'd flat break that land good you know {NW} where we take our dragger section out and drag it off good {NW} and then we'd take our middle buster and we'd row it up and then of course you know if we're going to use fertilize {NW} but {NW} back yonder several years we didn't have to use fertilizer we just planted on that {X} {NW} and of course we {NW} if the if there'd come much of a rain after we'd get it up we'll we'd go right back there with the middle buster and throw it back and drag it off and plant it run the planter {X} {NW} drop it uh {X} {NW} most of the time we would take uh we'd bed it up we'd drag it off level we'd open it with a plow and some of us would take the seed and drop it there and it would come along with a {X}
Interviewer:  I see uh and you call this uh thing you cut with a plow you call that uh
543:  A rope
Interviewer:  A rope
543:  That's right that what we done flat broadcasting.
Interviewer:  That's just the oh I see
543:  Yes sir after we done broadcasted and broke it up we we we take this middle buster and row it up in rows
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and call that a row or?s
543:  Rows we call that rows that's right we call that rows
Interviewer:  A row
543:  Beds.
Interviewer:  Is is a row the same as a throw then
543:  Yes sir, right, right, right, right, that's right
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Yeah and in rows that way and then we take one of the little plows the smaller plows and we rip them beds {NW} and drop the seed in there whatever we got the plant and then come along with another little {X} drags over there and levels it off and then it come up.
Interviewer:  What did you call a horse on the left did you have a special name for him?
543:  Well of course you know of course we you know there'd be different names you know of course you know {NW} uh called it maybe a a mule or horse or you know maybe named Kate.
Interviewer:  {D: I was thinking somebody told me that uh the horse on the left was so important because he was the weedle horse}
543:  Of course. {NW} that's whenever you a wheel horse of course you know when we that's that's whenever you got maybe four.
Interviewer:  Oh more than two
543:  Right, yes sir. that wheel horse there and that there on the left that's the one you mostly ride you know and {X} guide the other two's in front {NW} you have two to the wheel and uh then two out in the lead hitched on end of the tongue in front of them {NW} that's a four horse team
Interviewer:  {D: That's more than tw-}
543:  Yes right, right, yes sir. And this one on the left is mostly the one that you know you use and you let them {X} guide the wagon wheel horse.
Interviewer:  Uh did you ever stack hay outside for the animals?
543:  Many times
Interviewer:  And what side?
543:  Shock shocks of hay hay shocks
Interviewer:  Did you ever build anything up on uh a kind of rack and so the animals could get under
543:  Yes sir that's right we call that a pen a hay hay rack we call that a hay rack.
Interviewer:  Ah
543:  Yes sir that's right.
Interviewer:  I see and uh after you planted the clover or grass and you can go back over it a second time and get a second
543:  Yes sir that's right
Interviewer:  what do you call that second uh
543:  Well well it's the second harvest over at the crop you know the second crop.
Interviewer:  Uh did they ever call it a after math or
543:  Well they might have this late late years {X} we'd call it back then
Interviewer:  Second
543:  Second crop yes sir. Second cutting or something like that
Interviewer:  And when you grew cotton uh and you want to get the weeds out the hole what did you call that
543:  Chopping chopping cotton that's right yes sir. Called it chopping cotton
Interviewer:  What kind of weeds did you have?
543:  We had different kinds uh {NW} some folks would call it rag weeds we did you know and {NW} then {X} and morning glories and all such as that.
Interviewer:  Uh the uh when it came time after the harvest to take a certain amount of corn into the mill what would you uh would you describe that uh want to take some corn in just enough for the family
543:  Oh yes sir man I've done many that {NS} yes sir we take it uh we'd go in uh and put it in the barn of course when we get it and then we would go to the uh {NW} crib and we'd shuck it get the shucks off of it and uh we was lucky to have a corn sheller {NS} back there in some of them olden time {NS} we'd put in that corn sheller put that cor- ear of corn down in there and had it turning and it had the box on it you know that that that wheel would cut that {NW} shell that corn off of that cob and cob would drop out yes sir we'd shell it {NS} shell us a sack or barrel of corn {NW} and then put in the wagon and go to the mill grease mill they called it and uh they would uh run in and put in the mill they would measure it up in some kind of container {NW} and they would grind it for a percentage of it Yes sir probably a fifth of it
Interviewer:  Oh is that right
543:  Yes sir that's right that's what we had to pay the fifth of it for them to grind it up in mill {NW} yes sir they'd grind it up and put it back in the sack or barrel and then we'd take off home.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm did you ever call that amount turn
543:  Yeah oh yes sir that's right carry a turn of corn to the mill
Interviewer:  About how much would be turned
543:  Well I'll tell you what we we when we would call it a turn {NW} oh it's something like a bushel or sometime half a bushel and a sack that's why we ride horse back a lot of times {NW} when the family was small
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Yes sir that's a turn of corn in a sack or something like that something like a bushel about half a bushel or something
Interviewer:  Pretty easy to carry then?
543:  Oh yes sir yes sir that's right. {NW}
Interviewer:  And uh the the barrel that you'd have or how did you keep the meal or the flour did you keep it in a in a barrel or did you keep in a sack?
543:  Well I'll tell you what the most time uh after I grew up and my family was large and my daddy you know {X} {NW} where he'd keep it in a barrel {NW} yes sir and take the head out and of course nail some strips across the wood {NW} they stay together and you know put it on the keep it over the top of the flour barrel you know {NW} the flour barrel you know that's what he used for meal barrel after he used all the flour out he'd take it for meal barrel too {NW} and of course we'd keep the flour in a barrel or small barrel or large barrel either one you know we'd have {NW} that's what we'd keep it in till we use it out.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm...I see
543:  Yes
Interviewer:  Uh why did he meal all the time? Didn't he have anything around this?
543:  Well of course you see {NW} when you turn that top out why it's it's in sections it's made in sections the planks you know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  and of course it's cut out around you know {NW} when you when you tear it out while they'll all fall apart {NW} you put a little strip across that and hold 'em together.
Interviewer:  Did they have anything around?
543:  Well that was around the barrel yes they had hoops around the barrel {NW} but the head of it you know that's where we would go into it you know through one end of it we call it #1 sinner #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh sure I see. #
543:  I see yes sir yes sir that's right set it up on the end
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  Uh and what's uh what did you have uh what did you call a smaller barrel that you keep nails in?
543:  Nail kegs
Interviewer:  That's uh
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh and did uh molasses did you buy molasses or did you make your own?
543:  We made our molasses raised 'em yes sir that's raised 'em
Interviewer:  And what would you keep the molasses in?
543:  Well most of the time whenever they finally got up along we'd keep in a barrel of course sometimes we'd have kegs twenty gallon or ten gallon kegs {NW} you know just small barrels you know and that's what we'd keep them in.
Interviewer:  And if you had molasses on the table what would you keep it in there
543:  On the table
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir we'd keep it uh um uh some kind of fruit jar or something or another back then you know {NW} we'd draw out the barrel in a gallon bucket or something or other like that and uh you set it {D: in the kitchen some place or other and then pull in that} that old fruit jar and set it on the table
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm I see
543:  Right, yes sir.
Interviewer:  and uh what did you use to get the what do you call what did you use to get the molasses from the pale into the fruit jar?
543:  {NW} Well uh #1 tell you what now #
Interviewer:  #2 Went through something #
543:  {NS} Uh no sir that we didn't then sir of course now {NW} we fixed the barrel where we'd lay the barrel down and there was a hole in it you know to pull the stopper out {NW} and they would just run down into that bucket And we'd when they get a bucket full just stick that stopper back in there you know a round piece of wood that fits in there {NW} and just put it in there and it'd cut them off {NW} we'd put the get us some blocks and lay the barrel on top of it you know to where it'd be up to where we can handle it you know {NW} and just pull that stopper out and let the bucket run full
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir and then just put the stopper back in and just cut 'em off
Interviewer:  And then then from the pale into the fruit jar ...
543:  Yes sir well we'd usually just turn it up you know and pour it gradually to where it'd go into the fruit jar you know small
Interviewer:  #1 Did you have anything like a #
543:  #2 string. #
Interviewer:  um tumbler or a something with a wide mouth that
543:  #1 Oh yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 Taper down #
543:  Oh yes sir yes sir yes sir yes sir that's right.
Interviewer:  Would you use that?
543:  Aw yes sir now we could use that sometimes you know a faucet a funnel a faucet what's maybe you would call that
Interviewer:  I see
543:  yeah that's the same thing.
Interviewer:  But was it made out of wood
543:  Tin yeah tin, yes sir. {X} we could make that and just cut you out a piece of tin and put it around there {NW} and stick some holes in it and get you some short layers and cut 'em off and brad it together oh it'd be tight
Interviewer:  I
543:  Makes it to that
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh you used the stopper in the barrel what would you use in the bottle same uh?
543:  Yes sir the same thing well in a bottle you know
Interviewer:  Right
543:  well uh {NW} that lid you could take it in the bottle mostly had a lid on it you know and you know this could uh just wreck it down over there you know and that would cut it off and screw it back there
Interviewer:  I see uh now other bottles did you have uh uh how did you stop up smaller bottles with uh
543:  Aw man take corn cob That was good
Interviewer:  #1 Oh I see! #
543:  #2 The corn # Cob stop works
Interviewer:  I see uh I suppose glass, glass stoppers pretty hard to come by
543:  Oh yes sir yes sir that's right sure sure
Interviewer:  Did you have any corks
543:  No sir well I'll tell you what there weren't not too many corks we used them you know cobs in there like yeah {NW} course might could get a few of them cork stoppers you know but it's making out uh
Interviewer:  You had to use what you had
543:  That's right, right, right that's right yes sir Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Different kinds of uh sacks uh bags would you explain that for example somebody was telling me about uh a towsack and I'm not just clear yet on uh what a toe sack is?
543:  Yes sir that's right uh these old some folks call them a grass sack it's the same thing {NW} made out of this here grass looking twine it's knitted you know factory knitted you know it looks like sort of a grass kind of a grass sea grass sea grass
Interviewer:  I see
543:  {X}
Interviewer:  Pretty rough
543:  Yes sir right right right that's right yes sir.
Interviewer:  What would come in that bag?
543:  Well uh now I'll tell you uh feed now the most of it comes in horse feed now what they you know makes that horse feed and the cow feed too you know that makes them sacks and puts them in
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  and too now they're going to make them plastic bags which you take back yonder man tow sacks then {NW} why they didn't they were scarce back then {NW} did a lot of this stuff they making now we didn't have it back yonder it wasn't
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  No sir
Interviewer:  What's a Kroger sack?
543:  That's the same thing Croaker sack that's the we old folks call them croaker sacks and tow {NW} the we used call it that's what we used to call it croaker sacks back yonder
Interviewer:  Oh that's the older
543:  Yes the older name.
Interviewer:  I see
543:  They coming on down with these towsacks grass sacks now that's the style they've got we called them tow sacks back yonder
Interviewer:  I see uh will you go to um the store uh when you were a boy you go trading would you have any of the paper that you said they wrap up things in paper did they have any bags or sacks?
543:  Well not too much back then {NW} no sir usually we had a lot of stuff without that {NW} and maybe some kind of old paper just mostly any kind
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  and that would do.
Interviewer:  Uh today uh you don't call you call it a paper and there's a towsack but a paper a paper bag is that uh yeah when you go to the grocery today do you...
543:  Paper bag
Interviewer:  Paper bag
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  But uh that's so common its hard to think that you never had never
543:  Right
Interviewer:  #1 Never had them #
543:  #2 Right # That's right.
Interviewer:  #1 But you you #
543:  #2 Sure sure #
Interviewer:  when you buy things at the grocery you wouldn't get bag. #1 Get a bag #
543:  #2 No sir # No sir no sir maybe they find an old pace wood box yeah some of that stuff come in where they save them course this pile all this stuff in that pace wood box
Interviewer:  #1 I see save on bags #
543:  #2 Right oh yes sir # yes sir yes sir
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Yes sir that's right
Interviewer:  Uh and how how would you mentioning this how would you buy oh sugar from the store how would that come?
543:  Well I'll tell you what they would have a little bag of sugar {NW} we didn't use so much sugar back ya then {NW} but uh they would get us some kind of a bucket or something or other and b- we we we'd haul we'd carry sugar home in buckets {NW} of course we'd bring some see they'd have sugar in barrels of sugar at the store or maybe sacks of sugar barrels mostly {NW} and get something or another to put it in
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  maybe uh some jars did
Interviewer:  Anything you can carry it
543:  Right yes sir just anything you would have to carry mostly to put in
Interviewer:  You that would be uh buying a thing that's uh not packaged but in
543:  books books right yes sir yes sir that's right that's why the done the mostly
Interviewer:  What that means is you you put it in anything that you had to
543:  Right right yes sir glad to hung up something or other to put it in yes sir
Interviewer:  I see
543:  #1 That's right #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh # Uh well I'll tell you have been I don't have very much to go here ordinarily... Ordinarily
543:  #1 I say #
Interviewer:  #2 Don't say as much # longer uh I would like to finish with you I don't think it will take us this long but you really uh you know exactly what I'm looking for and you've been very helpful.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh so let me uh I can see you again and get a few more questions on the lion and a few questions about uh the house and food that you would eat.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh and I think we can finish it up in another session
543:  Well good then yes sir cause I'm going to have to go now to get around to the where the office you know where I live I got to {NW} be there whenever they quit and take it over cause they don't shut the doors and all.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  And I'm going to get around yeah and uh when {NW} when you think you could have a change to go some more what
Interviewer:  Any... any time I'll arrange uh let's uh as I say you really have been helpful I would like to finish with you uh and make a complete picture of how life used to be
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  So uh whenever you say uh I'll I'll arrange uh tomorrow I'd like that lady you were talking about uh
543:  Oh yes sir yes right, that's right.
Interviewer:  You know her? uh
543:  {NW} Really I don't by name but I guess I know her but not by name cause well I meet several people have come in over there you know {NW} and I'm around there fixed with a meeting sitting up front and all {B} would be a good time to meet her
Interviewer:  tomorrow?
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  I don't know but I'll check it um well you've you've become here will you be there tomorrow or you have any time tomorrow or not Or if you're free on Sunday how are you
543:  No sir I wouldn't be this this Sunday because my son is coming from St. Louis down here and we are going to be tied up for this Sunday {NS} let me see
Interviewer:  Could I see you maybe a couple...
543:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay #
543:  something
Interviewer:  I'm glad uh glad you did I just wanted to start the recorder so I can uh and he was a slave around...
543:  My granddaddy was a slave back then you know of course then of course there was uh {D: PE} {NS} and uh that's the way we got our name was {D: they went over yonder both} {NS} and uh then brought my granddaddy over here you know {NS} and that family that had him. {NS} He
Interviewer:  Took his name...
543:  Yes sir that's the way they named 'em you know after that family.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh...I see so it must of been well you know this county is has a French name so uh
543:  we have yes sir
Interviewer:  they've been founded by French families
543:  yes sir yes sir yes sir that's right
Interviewer:  long way back
543:  Wasn't it well yes sir that's right sure yes sir {NW}
Interviewer:  okay well we were talking uh about uh land I think uh you had to leave the other day uh I was wondering what what uh what what do you call various different kinds of streams of water I know you talked to me about the creek the other day uh what's smaller than the creek
543:  What's smaller than a creek a branch
Interviewer:  A branch
543:  Branch
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and if uh the water cuts the heavy rain and the water cuts down and digs out the dirts what do you call that?
543:  What digs out a way to go itself then we call that a gully
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Gully
Interviewer:  {D: And if it cuts out of a really big service galley as big as this room what would you}
543:  Call that a cave call it a cave
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And if it has a if it just cuts down on the side of it side of a hill what would you call that? A whole side of a hill has a big cut in it...
543:  We would call that you know well we would {NW} mostly would be uh it's called a big gully down cross the hill or something like that's the way we would talk {X}
Interviewer:  {D: And uh would you ever hear the word uh {X} uh is that a big gully or uh}
543:  Ravine {NW} Well I'll tell you the way we c- what we called that then was a just a big old Growed up place
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Probably that's uh {NS} Different
Interviewer:  Mm where the water bends but it grew up
543:  Yes sir Water was bending but you know it's done growed up you know and uh just a big ravine we'd call it you know just so thick you know you couldn't hardly get through #1 In that ravine yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh # And uh you don't have any uh you don't really have any mountains around here do you uh I wonder there is a town north of here called Blue-Blue is it Blue, Blue mountain? uh
543:  Here's a place out north back in the north uh northeast it's called Blue Mountain it's a it's a little town there they call Blue Mountain
Interviewer:  I went through there but I didn't see any mountains
543:  I say {NW} yes sir well they're mostly out in the edge of it this is close sort of the level part of this blue mountain you know {NW} well it's not it's not as large of mountain as it is back yonder like {X} mountain.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  It's just out in there it is some little ridges back out in there in the edge of that you know {NW} and they set their little town over there in the edge of that and then they just called that Blue Mountain.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  I see, Actually its more of a ridge or hill right
543:  Yes sir, yes sir yes sir
Interviewer:  And uh different kinds of trees that grow around the Earth uh this tree that's sort of green and yellow bark and has a kind of patches on it uh uh some people call it uh a button ball, button wood, uh I'm wondering if you know tree that is
543:  Well it's not a {X} I mean uh button wi- no button willow is just low
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Uh bu- a button willow, a ball willow
Interviewer:  {NW}
543:  It's not maybe that's not the kind you
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear the sycamore
543:  That's right yes sir.
Interviewer:  What's that
543:  Oh that's a big old tree you know and the bark just plum slick on it you know. It grows tall and it'd have little balls on it little fuzzy balls on it like that it it it grows tall.
Interviewer:  It does?
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  I uh they have many in town here uh?
543:  Yes sir yes sir but I don't know where I don't see any of 'em we do they do do have them here around here in town yes sir they grow around here
Interviewer:  I see
543:  sycamore they grows tall
Interviewer:  I see a lot of oaks and things like that
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh um uh what about this uh vine turns red in the fall and its supposed to be poisonous uh
543:  Well is it poison oak we haves that vine that runs this a poison oak
Interviewer:  Poison oak?
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  And that will if you know lots of people and it's it'll very get on you very easy {NW} you know break out just puff up and break out on you
Interviewer:  Is that a three uh leaf
543:  Yes sir that's about a three leaf that's right, yes sir. Yes sir that's right.
Interviewer:  And then what's the uh what's the bush that you see and that's supposed to be poison uh the bush that turns red also and its supposed to be poisonous also it'll do the same thing I guess uh
543:  Yes sir oh yeah that'll will do the same thing you know that that poison oak we got that vine you know.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. There's a bush that does the same thing I wonder what you call that... it turns bright red pretty early in the fall
543:  I just don't remember any of this right now what kind of a bush they called that because we
Interviewer:  Is it a shoemake?
543:  Shoemake We have a shoemaker
Interviewer:  But maybe that's not poisonous uh
543:  this this I don't know how you're thinking of it it's not that shoemaker it grows up up in a bushy place you know bunches and all but we call it shoemaker {D: I call it weedlack} {NW} but I don't remember whether that's poison or no
Interviewer:  Hmm, mm-hmm
543:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What are some of the things you don't want your cow to eat uh?
543:  Them old buckeyes
Interviewer:  Is that?
543:  Yes sir buckeye balls
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Aw that's Oh yes sir they growed in bushes about head high in in bunches of bushes and balls come on there and look sort of like a chestnut yes sir and they get dried and then they're horrible to peel over and look just like chestnuts but they're larger than chestnuts
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  and man cows eat them things it'll kill 'em for sure
Interviewer:  #1 It-it will? #
543:  #2 Yes sir. # buck eyeballs.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm #1 Somebody said that #
543:  #2 Buck eye #
Interviewer:  there's a road to Denver or a mountain laurel? Does that sound familiar? Is that supposed to be poisonous to cows?
543:  Well that's uh I don't know sir, now they they they got a different name uh that's uh {NW} I wouldn't know just the other name but the others is would be
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  That's right.
Interviewer:  Anything else make cows sick that you can think of?
543:  Well as far as uh vines that a way {NW} more than this uh sorghum you take where people plant this sorghum at {NW} and uh cut it and uh that sorghum will sprout out again before the frost and if the cows eat that that that will kill 'em you know {NW} just that green sorghum you know it'll sprout out on that mass stubs was cut off there {NW} and just it would get about that tall you know and all {NW} and I mean that'll really kill that cow.
Interviewer:  I wonder what's in it to kill it?
543:  Well it's just the type the the stage that that old sorghum in it's poison to the cow you know at that stage you know {NW} of course if it were grown up and probably get uh almost ripe or something or other it was good for them
Interviewer:  Oh, I see
543:  Yes sir, yes sir
Interviewer:  It's just that that particular
543:  Yes sir that particular time that's right.
Interviewer:  Yeah I never knew that.
543:  Oh yes sir yes sir and I've knowed people's cows break out in the in the field you know {NW} after well it'll do that whenever it just come up just when you first plant it and it get up so high {NW} if they get in there and eat a bite of that before you know it get ripe enough to cook why man it would kill them sure yeah.
Interviewer:  Hmm somebody told me that the poke berry is uh
543:  Well I'm gon' tell ya now I'm gonna tell ya I-I don't know that poke berry is killing 'em now it might will but I don't know if it's killing them {NW} because I'm gonna tell ya I got a right smart that goes down in my pasture before I clear it up you know and lots of it and them cows that eat right smart of that and it didn't kill 'em
Interviewer:  Is that right?
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  course {NW} maybe a type of something other you know that at the time but but it it growed up in the pasture and they ingested lots of it
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Somebody was telling me that uh you can you can take poke berries for medicine and its good for you if you don't take the name
543:  #1 Oh yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 That the # cow uh Eats a lot why uh
543:  sure
Interviewer:  #1 or maybe it #
543:  #2 Maybe #
Interviewer:  Maybe it was the root
543:  Well that root that that that poke berry that poke berry it's {NW} that poke berry is a little dangerous I'll tell you
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  If it's not handled right
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  makes uh I've forgotten what its supposed to be good for but uh
543:  It sure
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  well really it's good I'm going to tell you It's good for your blood If you know that's right
Interviewer:  that's right, that's what I heard that it was a red mixed with red tea or something and
543:  Well I'll tell you what {NW} I don't know about using them berries but them berries get ripe of course you know and you make a tea out of it but I didn't know enough about it uh fluid like that {NW} I used to pokes at it when it would come up you know {X} get up so much you know and then just break off them leaves and cook 'em
Interviewer:  Mm
543:  oh yes sir they taste good
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  cook 'em you know just like cooking greens
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir cause this poison {X} you know the women folks have to know how to cook it you know boil it down low and then pour the water off of it {NW} and then boil it again and then fix it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm uh around that subject have you ever heard about rhubarb that you're not supposed to eat the leaves uh
543:  Well I'll tell ya we didn't know much about that name
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  that's right
Interviewer:  Uh it has a red stalk and great thick leaves which uh leaves are supposed to be poisonous
543:  I say I don't know much about it
Interviewer:  I don't know
543:  course that must be something come on lately yes sir
Interviewer:  This big uh tree with a real shiny dark green leaves has big flowers what do you call that? I see them in town took a walk down here there's a house down there named after it real dark green shiny leaves with big white flowers
543:  Oh the magnolias
Interviewer:  Mag-
543:  magnolias
Interviewer:  did you always call it magnolias what I'm wondering is somebody said called it a cucumber tree
543:  Cucumber uh
Interviewer:  Maybe its a different tree uh
543:  Oh then that's that's the well uh well back in my time as far as I can remember you know I think I just remembered as far as I can remember oh we called let's see found out they called it a little magnolia tree
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  they might have called it back then but it's to my remembering you know magnolia tree right out here in front of this building you know we got some that save two trees there {X}
Interviewer:  There's a house down here
543:  #1 Yes sir, yes sir in love with that right? Yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 There's a lot of them #
543:  Down on the
Interviewer:  I guess they call the house magnolia
543:  maybe so
Interviewer:  But they might
543:  Yes sir that's right yes sir
Interviewer:  I'd like to ask you about some bugs um different kinds of bugs sting you or hurt pretty bad?
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  Would you name those
543:  #1 well #
Interviewer:  #2 and just # describe them
543:  Well let's see now that {X} Be wasps you know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Uh what uh do they live in a paper nest
543:  Yes sir paper nest that's right they raised and hatches in paper nests {NW} but it's not not them big ones like that you see or some of the larger {X} them is uh hornets that that that build in them big old solid papers
Interviewer:  Oh really?
543:  Oh yes sir
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yes sir them was hornets.
Interviewer:  Then what do you call the ones that live in logs
543:  Uh bumble-bees that's bumble-bees they'll cut into that you know and uh of course you take wasps were building that if it's got a big enough hole in it that way the wasps would be like if you take a bumblebee they'll cut in these walls you know uh ceilings up there something or other and they they raise in that you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  now uh and then you take them logs and them old wasps they go in there and make a nest you know and all they make some nest kind of like a paper nest you know and lay and hatch in that you know
Interviewer:  I see
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  {D: uh what do you call the stingers that make a nest that look to me like its made out of jerch instead of paper}
543:  Uh dirt dauber
Interviewer:  okay and are they uh they sting ya
543:  they they they don't sting they they'll bite of course you know if you you know catch 'em or something or other they'll just bite you no but they're not poison no sir
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  that's right yes sir.
Interviewer:  and the little ones that get you in the summer make
543:  oh man them things hurting now the little yellow jackets
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  man them the terriblest things man they just stick all over you when you not see 'em man but they they work and reckon to go to sting you {NW} yes sir them yellow jackets.
Interviewer:  I guess they can actually kill you
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  If they uh your they get get at you I guess they could really kill you
543:  Oh yes sir
Interviewer:  Uh how about the harmless bugs if you have do you remember the names that you used to call those bugs that didn't really hurt when they stung you
543:  Um let's see, let's see, bug let's see I don't know sir them old no we them well June bugs we don't I don't remember them stinging or nothing
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and the little ones that buzz and maybe itch if they bit you
543:  Well well what do you call them bugs uh yeah I remember them uh we called them scarlet bugs
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  they'll I don't know what that is you know they some kind of something come out like juice {X} you know and all {NW} {D: we call the little scarling bugs} you know they might have they name them different these days
Interviewer:  And uh the one that uh doesn't bother you very much just scratches you when it bites you have to itch for a bit then it goes away what do you call that uh
543:  Uh Uh let's see I wouldn't just remember them but
Interviewer:  they uh you have experience or
543:  Oh yes sir well uh yes sir them's those flying bugs that's right yes sir we have mosquitoes that's right
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  some of them call them some of them {X} and in the some {NS} them little old some of them are small those fellas but man they hurt just hurt like a big one do and I can get the names of the big ones but some of them is larger than the others you know
Interviewer:  Uh I think I've seen them some of them get
543:  Ye- yes sir that's right sure, sure. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  and how about the little things that if you walk through the weeds they get under your skin
543:  Aw, them ants
Interviewer:  Well
543:  It's not ants is it?
Interviewer:  Or uh uh if you just walk through some weeds they may irritate you through the woods get under your skin to make a little welt
543:  Uh that is not a tick...is that a tick?
Interviewer:  Is that a tick
543:  tick #1 oh yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 Well is that the # same thing as as a chigger?
543:  No sir {NW} no sir chigger is another little thing now that's two of them you know it's um now chigger is a small little old thing and it's red man yes sir he he get on you you know and he like he just hide {NW} other words for when he bites you know {NW} why your skin will swell up over it {X} them chiggers you know {NW} little old red things I mean it makes a large welt on you you know yes sir {NW} and then ticks is another thing it's too man it's dangerous {NW} Oh there's about like a match head oh they would grow to be larger you know if you just {X} but some of them are just small {NS} and man some of them is poison {NW} we had a lot of trouble with them you know and they {NW} seem like it's immune to you it's just a little hard brown thing you know and man them things poison you if one of them get on you, you can pull it off and man it just still stings and swells up {D: and eats you for} months
Interviewer:  Hmm
543:  that's right yes sir. some of them say their head in there but I looked for the head that when you pull them off but I didn't haven't seen no head that's what they say about it you know
Interviewer:  Oh the head stays in?
543:  Yes sir the head stays in they still leech on {NW} but I'll tell you what some of them do out in the country now whenever they find one of them on it they take a match and strike it {NW} and uh hold it to them and make them turn loose before they pull them off and it said it won't bleed their head.
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  I see
543:  And and it's it's causing a lot of trouble these ticks these different kind of ticks
Interviewer:  they uh they don't really come to your clothes
543:  Yes sir oh yes sir that's right yes sir just walking around the yard {X}
Interviewer:  #1 And #
543:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  How about uh the kind of bugs that jumps like this?
543:  Well we call them uh {NS} pop bugs I don't know what {NW} yes sir we call them pop bugs popping bugs
Interviewer:  and if they jump uh some of the big ones they jump
543:  #1 Oh yes sir sure sure #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  snap bugs
Interviewer:  uh-huh they ever call them hopper furnace
543:  Oh now now now we we've got two of them like that we that's that's what we we do have a well we call them grasshoppers
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  Yes sir oh man they can jump real grasshoppers and we always would ask and talk and send about them grasshoppers the grasshopper he dance and sing all of spring and summer and die when fall come and the ants they puts away they works all the fall and spring and summer and putting away their food and when winter time come they have food they live off it
Interviewer:  Does the ants eat them up
543:  yes sir yes sir that's right yeah we have them grasshoppers oh man they can jump a long ways I played with them a lots of times
Interviewer:  I see!
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh then there's spiders make uh leave uh webs around I'm wondering what you call them in the house say up in the corner what do you call that uh?
543:  We call it spider webs you know
Interviewer:  Spider webs
543:  spider web
Interviewer:  you see one in the barn and it's full of dust so what do you call that uh
543:  well that's not a web one.
Interviewer:  well if you just see a the same it looks almost just like a spider web except its full of dust you know you see it in the dark dusty place
543:  Yes sir yes sir uh
Interviewer:  specially in barns
543:  Uh no they never made no cob webs they call these little bitty ones cob webs they get around in there {NW} what I see we got the black spiders, the green spiders, and sorts of that you know and all Uh
Interviewer:  Did you ever call them a cobweb?
543:  Cobweb cobweb sure
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
543:  that's that's that's what that one makes makes that uh bigger {NW} oh man I've got 'em a lot of times you know {NW} some of them spiders you know they just make a long streak across you know uh
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  and if you see a if you see a web in the morning on some plants what do you call that, outside? if its wet sometimes you'll see a web with spots of water
543:  Oh oh oh right right I've seen them a many time {NW} but I'll just tell you what we call them spider web
Interviewer:  they're all spider webs
543:  spider webs you know because them spiders build them things
Interviewer:  I see
543:  to {NW} but probably it has a different name you know {NW} we just didn't name all of them you know different names
Interviewer:  Uh some people call them cob webs and some call them spider webs
543:  Spider webs yes sir yes sir yes sir Yes sir.
Interviewer:  all same thing I guess {NW}
543:  Ah that's what we thought
Interviewer:  and if you see uh bug that flies around with a light and can't keep him away from the light he's got kind of powdery wings and he goes he sees a light flies around it
543:  many times I've seen them yes sir we has them bugs we call 'em candle flies
Interviewer:  candle flies
543:  #1 candle flies #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
543:  candle fly
Interviewer:  and uh if uh the bugs they look like the same thing if they get in your clothes and lay eggs and they eat them up what uh
543:  Oh um
Interviewer:  what's that especially wool I guess
543:  yes sir mites we call them mites
Interviewer:  mm-hmm do you ever have anything called moths
543:  well well moths that's what we call them moths
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  yes sir they man you uh you'd be surprised how much those things do eat up your clothes and cut them up you know {X} moths you know {NW} and uh you're putting up clothes that are wool and everything you must have to put these moth balls in there and they got some stuff they called moth balls {NW} some stuff oh it smells strong and all the scent odor it stays with you {NW} and that will keep them out of them
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  yes sir {NW} that's right
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  and uh how about the bug that flies around and flashes light in his tail?
543:  oh man lightning bug
Interviewer:  uh-huh
543:  caught a lot of them and put them in bottles
Interviewer:  I bet when you were a boy
543:  boy boy yes sir yes sir way back yonder #1 That's right #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  uh and how about the kind of bug that goes over water and he has two sets of wings and he darts and hovers and darts
543:  we called them snake doctors
Interviewer:  snake doctors
543:  #1 yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 I see # does that mean there is a snake around?
543:  {NW} We've looked for them around yes sir that's right we looked for them you know when they're around {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  We called them snake doctors.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  and how about some birds that you have uh the uh the big bird that the guys might
543:  {X}
Interviewer:  uh-huh
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  and if if the uh if they tend to get bigger and {X} and they go hoo
543:  Hoot hooting owls we call them hooting owls yes sir
Interviewer:  and how about the uh the bird that uh that usually speaks and cuts out
543:  Well some folks call them woodchucks and we call them we always call them peckerwoods
Interviewer:  uh-huh somebody told me that uh back he showed me that he had to trance him like that and the peckerwood just cut a hole size of my palm
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  just a neat round
543:  yeah that's right they do it yes sir
Interviewer:  just took it right out
543:  yes sir yes sir that's right
Interviewer:  matter of fact he shot him and kept him on the mantle
543:  ye- yes sir I say good {NW} you take on these here big power lines man I've seen a hold of that and them peoples have come along you know {NW} and just big holes in there you know they cut you know and make build nestings in there {NW} they come along and nail screens over it to keep them out of there you know
Interviewer:  Oh there is
543:  yes sir keep them replacing that pole wasn't you know bad enough but they would still need that posting too you know {NW} that's right
Interviewer:  they've got a lot of energy
543:  yes sir yes sir sure
Interviewer:  and how about little animals that are oh they kill your chickens what do you call those? the uh different I mean all different kinds what do you call those if you take them in from the woods then the chicken house
543:  I'll tell you them minks is bad minks will cut they throat and drink they blood and just leave them there you know and all {NW} then we have possums will come in and and and and catch the chickens
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  do you have anything that smells pretty bad if you're scary
543:  I hope we get him {NW} {X} I'll tell you now his regular name is a po- or a skunk {NW} we called him polecats back them you know yes sir that's right
Interviewer:  any of them ever catch it?
543:  {NW} oh many times {NW} I used to hunt a lot you know and all {NW} man be down digging in the ground and they couldn't tell what he was till he come up there you know and then I'd know. {NW} Yes sir.
Interviewer:  that is cool if you hit them on the road they really
543:  Oh man man yes sir
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  yes sir not long ago yeah uh we drove close to one where somebody done run over it {NW} yes sir
Interviewer:  what do you call all of them put together if you see uh say a possum a hull cat together what do you call those do you ever call them garments or
543:  well uh varmint well we we mostly called them uh uh uh game
Interviewer:  oh that's game
543:  game yes sir yes sir game
Interviewer:  what's what kind of animals would you call garments
543:  well such as a bear or panther or something like #1 that you know #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh bigger #
543:  Yes sir oh yes sir yes sir that's right such as them {NW} maybe wild cats or something or other like that
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm but you're used to having them?
543:  Oh yes sir yes sir yes sir
Interviewer:  You did
543:  Yes sir sure did that's right
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  yes sir used to have them around in there
Interviewer:  and the different kinds of squirrels
543:  well we have two different kind of squirrels here uh and all I ever know the gray squirrel {NW} and they called it fox squirrel the fox squirrel is much larger than the gray squirrel yeah the gray squirrel is smaller squirrel.
Interviewer:  and uh do you happen to have something that looks like a squirrel but he doesn't go up in the trees he just runs on the ground and
543:  Yes sir we has rabbits.
Interviewer:  I see uh but they
543:  something else
Interviewer:  yeah these are almost exactly like a squirrel about so big and they run along the ground in fact I think they may live in the ground or
543:  oh yeah we got
Interviewer:  logs
543:  weasels we got some little things like we- yeah look like squirrel they weasels they're small little ani- uh {NW} you know game and so we had something like that like a weasel.
Interviewer:  but uh ground squirrel or gopher or if you don't have them here
543:  no sir we don't have them you know around this part of the country no
Interviewer:  south Georgia they tell me that uh a lot of them there
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  but uh that may be this far north
543:  no sir I think not I haven't been down there a lot you know
Interviewer:  would you tell me uh something about the different kinds of frogs that you remember uh
543:  well I'll tell ya I can tell you about some of them some of them we got is bullfrogs we call them red big old things bullfrogs we call them {NW} and then uh course some of them is larger than the others of course I think mostly some of them just larger than other a lot older they get then we have some toad frogs they little old rough toad frogs around they stay around the house mostly around the yard around out that way {NW} and uh excuse me I don't know some of them is reddish looking and then some of them is kind of gray-ish looking
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  them toad frogs {NW} then we have some little old we call them street frogs little old slick frogs you know that gets up in trees in little old sh- sh- holes or something like that low places you know and sticks around on trees
Interviewer:  uh have they ever are they supposed to sing when it rains?
543:  oh yes sir man {NW} yeah yes sir they really sing.
Interviewer:  then they're supposed to be a sign?
543:  sign of rain right yes sir you hear them hollering man it ain't going to be long before it's raining
Interviewer:  I see #1 how about #
543:  #2 yes #
Interviewer:  the uh the animals with a hard shell on their back
543:  yes sir now we got uh several kind of them {D: we got some tabbin we call them tabbins} {NW} some of them you know not so large you know snow while its kind of round you know not round but just almost round
Interviewer:  about as big as your hand
543:  yes sir that's right sure yes sir and then we have some turtles with the large shells on them.
Interviewer:  they're the ones that live near the water
543:  yes sir that's right yes sir they stay around the water mostly
Interviewer:  and the thing that you uh find in uh oh if you turn over a rock and there's a stream he's got claws and he swims away what uh
543:  well we uh now uh we have some well we call them uh {NW} uh uh l- lizards lizards we call them lizards we call them some of them is uh {NW} water dogs we call it you know people {NW} some of them like that {NW} they get some fish with them {NW} do they they have some of them you know they got feet but we may not be talking about the same thing but we {X} Find them you know {NW} did uh they sort of like a little old we got four feet you know sort of like a lizard {X}
Interviewer:  is that the same as a crawdad?
543:  {NW} well no sir a craw dad is we call them craw fish and some say crawdad {NW} uh crawdad is a kind of a they got got feet you know in front them large feet you know man they can paint you {NW} and then they got a lot of small little feet there on the toward the back end of it
Interviewer:  is it just the two big
543:  two big up there yes sir
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  yes sir and so they have a tail come back you know {NW} and man they can coil that tail up you know and turn push one way or another and they can crawl off you know {NW} and they gets in the water {NW} of course they bites the fish hook some time if you {NW} they go to bite bite like a fish {NW} and uh if you raise your hook up while they stay on it you can bring them out of course you know they still stay on that hook you know
Interviewer:  and uh do you eat them uh
543:  well I'll tell you peoples eats them now yes sir that's right now you take uh off in these big waters and where they grows lots you know and all the people catch them and eats them that a way {NW} and then of course around on these little branches and around with places you know they small and just ain't large enough to fool with but we we feed through them a lot we caught them and pull that off you know and they got some small little places of meat on them you know always putting clean looking meat on them we put that on a fish hook and we catch fish with them but you know what in these big waters you know and all they're larger they eat some you know.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
543:  yes sir.
Interviewer:  uh you uh have any uh did you ever eat anything when you were a boy like uh oysters?
543:  well uh yes sir uh oh man we found lots of them in these creeks and all
Interviewer:  did you?
543:  oh yes sir that's right yes sir big old thing that oyster shell you know and he's in there
Interviewer:  is that right?
543:  yes sir yes sir yes sir
Interviewer:  you don't find them anymore do you?
543:  well not too much no sir you can get off in some of this back water you know and all the way it goes back down you know and you'll find a good many once in a while but not say like you used to you know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  yes sir.
Interviewer:  um that's good eating!
543:  oh ye- oh yes sir! man they pull that shell open you know sort of like a sort of like a peanut but they you know just more straighter {NW} busted open man these in there you know
Interviewer:  uh-huh
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  speaking of eating uh its about noon uh can I have something set up would you like a sandwich or
543:  well I could take on a sandwich #1 I reckon #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay let's see what kind of a #
543:  {NW}
Interviewer:  well we've got uh ham turkey ham and cheese and a hamburger which one of those sounds
543:  you don't have barbecue sandwich? you don't have that they ain't got it listed barbecue sandwich? just just get me a ham sandwich I mean not a ham sandwich but a hamburger
Interviewer:  #1 hamburger...okay #
543:  #2 yes sir that's fine #
Interviewer:  and uh let's see they don't list anything but we can get a coke out here
543:  yes
Interviewer:  Or I can do
543:  that'll be #1 plenty #
Interviewer:  #2 I believe # We got coffee
543:  no sir that well that's {NW} I'm waiting there man I love it {NW} Well Just say {X} Well yes sir I'll I'll just take a coffee just #1 a hamburger and a cup of coffee that'll be fine #
Interviewer:  #2 Coffee okay # Mm-hmm
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  this phone is uh I'd like a couple of sandwiches sent up to room 234 please right a hamburger and uh a slice turkey and coffee for both of us uh what would you like on your hamburger uh?
543:  mayonnaise and pickle
Interviewer:  okay pickle and mayonnaise thank you now this phone was ringing the other day
543:  #1 yes #
Interviewer:  #2 and uh # uh the other night at four o' clock in the morning it starts to ring
543:  man
Interviewer:  and this morning at five o'clock so I called and said what's uh goes on and uh seems that this number is the same number as oxford 234 all oxford numbers
543:  yes sir 234 right yes sir
Interviewer:  so everybody who tries to call an oxford number gets this number first
543:  yes oh good well I say #1 yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 It's pretty aggravating #
543:  oh man I know it is yes sir {NW} I say
Interviewer:  {NW}
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  well we can go on I suppose it'll take them a while to get up #1 Get up here #
543:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  um we were uh were talking the other day about uh about the differences between white colored attitudes
543:  #1 Yes sir yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 and uh # uh I was wondering I forgot to ask you at that time uh what were some of the some of the words that uh you might use in the old days uh what would a colored man say to what word would he use about a white man if he didn't like him what would a white man likely call a colored man if he didn't like him or if they were good friends how would they describe each other?
543:  now you asked if they was good friends I'm glad you asked that {NW} if they was good friends why the uh {NW} well the the the colored people they would call uh {NW} mostly boss.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
543:  yes sir boss
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  mister so and so That's right.
Interviewer:  and what would the white man call the colored man how would he
543:  well he would mostly call him a colored fellow uh you know a colored fellow named such and such a person you know a name you know yes sir that's right {NW} yes sir
Interviewer:  and if they didn't like each other what would they uh
543:  {X}
Interviewer:  {D: uh I- I'll tell you I hear some of the words I picked up one man told me if he was when he heard his father would say talking if his father didn't like white men he would say he's just an old country hoocher}
543:  {D: yes sir old hoocher or something like that or}
Interviewer:  Uh is that
543:  old old peck of wood you know or something like that and that's what they would {NW} alright the white men they'd call us niggers you know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  old niggers
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  that's the well you know that's just that's just the way you know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Of course
Interviewer:  that's the way they
543:  right just come along right right yes sir
Interviewer:  how about uh what would a white man call another white man if he didn't like him
543:  oh he I'll tell you mostly him they'd call him old woodpecker or something like that that with pecks {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 I see #
543:  #2 Yes sir yes # that peck you know of course
Interviewer:  call each other rednecks
543:  oh yes sir oh now that's two names they'd call them that you know
Interviewer:  is that a bad name redneck
543:  Well {NW}
Interviewer:  and would they get mad if
543:  oh yes sir oh sure sure sure see that's that's some kind of a slander name or something you know yes sir you know that's the way they took it you know and all
Interviewer:  how about a how about a negro calling another negro
543:  well I'll tell you what now man that's just the same way that's right you know {NW} this people you know that uh you know let's call ourselves respectable and acts you know they just you know call them colored people you know and all {NW} but just some of them would say oh nigger so and so that's just that's just the way the people grew up
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
543:  yes sir they didn't like it
Interviewer:  ever hear um the word old swamp nigger
543:  all of that saying yes sir man just just a lot of different names just something
Interviewer:  that's pretty #1 {X} #
543:  #2 that's low grading yes sir # that's right yes sir sure some kind of a {NW} low grading they call it you know.
Interviewer:  a man told me that he he was a carpenter and he kept up his place real well across the road there was a whole family and they stole from him and everything else
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  you know just a bunch of old swamp niggers
543:  swamp yes sir yes sir yes sir yes sir
Interviewer:  #1 no swamp around there but #
543:  #2 Sure #
Interviewer:  {NW}
543:  that's the style over there it's this low place a swamp is a little place
Interviewer:  uh-huh I guess he just wanted to say something uh
543:  sure #1 sure sure #
Interviewer:  #2 What he thought about it #
543:  {NW} yes sir
Interviewer:  well the different races with uh how do you refer to your nationality? we are all? different races but uh we're all how do you refer to the nationality say we're all...Americans or
543:  of course that's what we always call them around all Americans you know American people you know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
543:  Americans
Interviewer:  and did you ever hear the term Caucasian?
543:  now the yes sir
Interviewer:  and that's that's what when would you use that?
543:  well I'll tell you what now that that I've heard that you know and that's what some I guess we call 'em {NW} um more red people or something or other like that {NW} I've heard this man out yonder and all sometimes would go calling them that {NW} well they say that's the name of the white people that's that's what they is or supposed to be called you know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Caucasians
Interviewer:  I see uh that's not a good term or bad term
543:  no sir no sir no sir no sir no sir that's right that's right but they just didn't you know start to call them that you know
Interviewer:  what would they call a child who had maybe a black mother but a white father what would they what would they call a child
543:  well uh they would just call him you know I'm going to tell you this I I did call them they call them you know a half a a white child
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir. half white half black
Interviewer:  would they talk about it
543:  oh yes sir yes sir
Interviewer:  They do
543:  right yes sir yes sir yes sir {NS} scandalize
Interviewer:  cause it is
543:  yes sir yes sir yes sir of course {NW} in fact in that time we couldn't say nothing much we we couldn't say nothing much about it
Interviewer:  would the child uh to the colored people be welcomed or not so much?
543:  oh not so much no sir no sir now that's just it not so much
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  that's right
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and uh how would you refer to the people who were related to you? you'd say well he's uh
543:  just uh related to that child
Interviewer:  well related to no I'm changing the question how would you how would you refer to your parents I'm changing the question now I'm wondering how families refer to each other people within the family
543:  oh well I see yes sir that's right well they would think hard of them of course you know and all but they go ahead and oh they would they would s- uh you know what I mean is uh wouldn't think as well of him you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  they they wouldn't no sir
Interviewer:  and uh the child born out of with to a woman who wasn't married #1 What was #
543:  #2 Yes sir #
Interviewer:  what would she be called or what would the child be called
543:  well uh most of the time they would call them you know they called them the old people back then a wood colt uh
Interviewer:  Is that right
543:  and then uh you know some of them would say he was a ba- it was a bastard no daddy
Interviewer:  mm-hmm and how would if a mother if a man and woman were married how would they uh how would the married couple refer to each other in the family uh how would your some people say well my mother always referred to my father as Mr.Jones uh and other people would say she always referred to my father as my old man
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  #1 I wonder what kind of #
543:  #2 Yes sir #
Interviewer:  what does your memory how does your parents refer to each other?
543:  Well they they would say you know that well that's that's my husband you know of course and the {NW} now some of them they were different different you know some would say {NW} mister so and so you know and then some would say uh just call them by their name you know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  just say whatever he was
Interviewer:  how did your how did your father say refer to your mother to somebody else uh would uh would if he were say if he came to town somebody said you ought to buy such and such well I'll have to ask
543:  Wife
Interviewer:  oh wife
543:  Wife
Interviewer:  uh-huh
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  I see
543:  yeah oh yes sir that that's that's would they would call you know you're my my my wife or my husband you know to one another you know {NW} yes sir
Interviewer:  some some people tell me uh I have to ask the Mrs. or I have to ask the Mr.
543:  I'll tell you
Interviewer:  All different kinds of terms
543:  yes sir yes sir that's right {NW} that mostly come down there but they didn't say that you know so much back yonder just said my wife or my husband you know and all {NW}
Interviewer:  If a woman's husband dies how would you refer to her?
543:  uh if he was to die
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  well they say my husband is dead uh well we'd still call her in his name in his name you know family name of course
Interviewer:  and she would be a what?
543:  A widow she would be a widow
Interviewer:  and uh if somebody comes to town as I came not knowing anybody how would you refer to him in the old days uh
543:  Well he'd be uh uh stranger
Interviewer:  uh-huh
543:  yeah we'd call him a stranger you know
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  and uh how did your grandparents how did you refer to them how did you call them
543:  oh my grand da- grandpa grandma
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
543:  #1 granddaddy #
Interviewer:  #2 And uh # and uh your parents how did you
543:  well well back then we call them uh uh momma and daddy
Interviewer:  #1 nice #
543:  #2 momma and # daddy
Interviewer:  mom and daddy
543:  momma and daddy yes sir
Interviewer:  and how about uh your mother's sister what did you
543:  we call her auntie whatever her name was you know {NW} it would be aunt so and so
Interviewer:  and then you would be her what?
543:  a uh nephew I'd be her nephew
Interviewer:  uh-huh
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  and uh your did you have a particular way to referring to both your mother and father say these are my say you wanted to tell somebody about both your mother and father you say well my
543:  father
Interviewer:  and if you wanted to refer to him together
543:  my mother and daddy
Interviewer:  uh-huh and they'd be your parents?
543:  my parents yes sir I see yes sir that's that's what that would be our parents you know my momma and daddy
Interviewer:  any other words there that you just your mother and daddy or
543:  well of course that's my mother and daddy they didn't it it was sort of making acquainted you know cause I'd call them by their name you know you know to let them know you know what their name was
Interviewer:  mm-hmm and uh uh they they uh the children would you give me some idea how uh about your family how many brothers and sisters were in the family
543:  my in my my my brothers and sisters yes sir
Interviewer:  I don't think we mentioned that the other day
543:  no sir sure {NW} well I have um three brothers
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  and five sisters
Interviewer:  five sisters uh-huh and uh the the your sisters then your parents would say these are my little
543:  children
Interviewer:  uh and if they wanted to say say daughters or
543:  yeah just these are these are my daughters here {NW} my little daughters here and these are my sons here boys
Interviewer:  I was wondering do they ever say these are my boys and these are my
543:  girls
Interviewer:  uh-huh or daughters
543:  daughters yes sir yes sir
Interviewer:  okay now we can get back to uh we can back to uh to questions on food while we are waiting get our appetite worked up
543:  maybe it'll be here
Interviewer:  did uh did you ever call food in the old days by any other name say uh well let's sit down and eat our
543:  dinner
Interviewer:  uh dinner
543:  dinner
Interviewer:  dinner they call it uh uh somebody who eats a big dinner they say well he sure likes his likes his what?
543:  Dinner lunch food
Interviewer:  {X} {NW}
543:  I can see like I can hear my daddy talking about {D: vilts come on children eat your vilts}
Interviewer:  is that
543:  {D: vilts right right right} that's right that that sound just as natural just as I can get now
Interviewer:  I really appreciate
543:  {D: vilts yes sir}
Interviewer:  because I that's not spelled that way and I was never sure how to pronounce it
543:  oh well well well that's that's what and so I don't know we never did have to spell it or what we just taught it and everything Right yes sir yes sir yes sir we knew what what it meant
Interviewer:  and uh so you put your food in your mouth and you
543:  chow it
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
543:  chow it chow your food
Interviewer:  and if you had something a little bit of food between your meals what's what would you call that uh say you ate something between 10:00 between breakfast
543:  we call it a snack a snack between meal snack
Interviewer:  and uh if your mother cooked a big supper for a good big dinner for Sunday and then Monday she would use that food again
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  serve it hot you would call that
543:  yes uh re-heating it uh re- re- re-serving it you know the food you know {NS}
Interviewer:  Oh hey right here want me to sign for that no {NS} Thanks a lot {NS} Food here is really awfully good
543:  I say
Interviewer:  they um
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  they really work hard at uh
543:  {NW} I say.
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  {X} {NS}
Interviewer:  give you a good size that's kind of a jumbo hamburger there
543:  es sir I didn't know it was that large might cost too much
Interviewer:  No no not at all they're very reasonable here that's good
543:  Well
Interviewer:  It's good
543:  I say
Interviewer:  I suppose if they're giving us the room gonna help them out
543:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Got to help them out #
543:  Yes sir yes sir that's right I say I can just hold that in my lap
Interviewer:  Okay just put it right over here
543:  #1 Yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  I don't know of any other place in Oxford that's uh good place to eat except this
543:  No sir
Interviewer:  by far the best place I think
543:  Sure #1 I say #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh #
543:  yes sir {NS} yes sir {NS} It is
Interviewer:  I got some uh I was surprised out of the university they have a cafeteria for the students
543:  oh yes sir yes sir sure
Interviewer:  they don't have much of a place to eat
543:  No sir no sir
Interviewer:  a lot of university people come in here
543:  I say sure good thing {NW}
Interviewer:  they
543:  yes sir {NW} there's a place right down there that antique place you noticed it they got some kind of eating place they done re-modeled that it used to be an old gym in there you know {X}
Interviewer:  I don't know where that is
543:  just across from the library there just across that parking lot there
Interviewer:  Hmm
543:  old antique place there {NW} I hadn't been in there since {X} years ago and put it in there you know.
Interviewer:  well I've seen that house uh yeah they call it uh what do they call it
543:  county what country what is that country something
Interviewer:  what an interesting name {X} I forget what that is country something or county something I see it down here but yes country something over there
543:  you have to tell me you know and then then no floor just old plank floor you know just inside you know and walk down through there and hear the plank move and all but man the peoples were poor in there for some co- {NW} they have soup and stuff in there they tell me you know
Interviewer:  hmm
543:  yes sir but I
Interviewer:  I might try that
543:  yeah sir
Interviewer:  I knew they sold antiques but I didn't know about the
543:  oh yes sir it's two or three different places in there you know for things
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
543:  they named places yes sir
Interviewer:  well I they can build a couple new motels out there on six by-pass
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  and I suppose they'll have restaurants in there
543:  Yes sir I'm sure they will
Interviewer:  and on the weekends you can hardly get in down there
543:  #1 I say I it looks like it yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  Yard's full {NW} Yes sir
Interviewer:  the way groceries cost is almost cheaper to eat out then sometimes
543:  man you're right yes sir
Interviewer:  you got to buy a few things in groceries and you've got a big bill
543:  Yes sir that's right {NW} {NS}
Interviewer:  well I went out to the Kroger the other day to buy some oranges and they seem to be pretty reasonable out there in that shopping center
543:  #1 yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 That brand #
543:  Yes sir, sure.
Interviewer:  where do you go um
543:  {X} We we do have {X} There's a Kroger
Interviewer:  so just about as reasonable as
543:  oh yes sir sure sure sure yes sir {NS}
Interviewer:  another grocery called the liberty
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
543:  #2 {X} # yes sir
Interviewer:  but uh their prices are pretty uh pretty steep
543:  yes sir sure is that's right {NW} where well I heard you say it appears I forgot it but where is your where is your home
Interviewer:  I grew up in Ohio
543:  Ohio yes sir I see {NW}
Interviewer:  I'm kind of a gypsy and I've uh taught in New York and Chicago and now I'm working out of Atlanta
543:  yes sir yes sir well well I say
Interviewer:  so many days I like to settle down you know
543:  Oh wow wow
Interviewer:  not move around so much
543:  sure sure yes sir {NW}
Interviewer:  I enjoy this work
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  and so I don't mind going from town to town
543:  oh no sir no sir {NW}
Interviewer:  but I don't think I'd like to be uh I wouldn't like to do this for the rest of my life next year I think I'll pick one place and stay
543:  oh yes sir yes sir sure sure I say {NW} yes sir {NW}
Interviewer:  my parents are still living in Ohio {NW}
543:  yes sir
Interviewer:  near Toledo about forty miles south of Toledo
543:  yes sir I say
Interviewer:  got a brother in New Orleans
543:  I say
Interviewer:  he uh his work took him there about 15 years ago
543:  oh yes sir
Interviewer:  and he never left he really likes it
543:  well I say sure {NW} I used to work for a young man who lived over here in Oxford you know he oh he growed here and everything young man {NW} he went to law school and everything and finished and and uh you know he got him a job his job called him to New Orleans you know {NW} and he left and moved and went down there {NW} but he stayed there probably a couple years but he moved back to Jackson and now he's working in Jackson #1 yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm #
543:  {NW}
Interviewer:  uh people in New Orleans really like to enjoy themselves always something going on
543:  #1 aw #
Interviewer:  #2 Parades um # um celebrations, holidays
543:  Yes sir well I say {NW}
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Mardi Gras
543:  yes
Interviewer:  two weeks ago a parade everyday
543:  #1 good #
Interviewer:  #2 they # march around bands and
543:  oh yes sir well I say {NW}
Interviewer:  long party theirs
543:  well I say {NW} yes sir {NW}
Interviewer:  you have any children living with you now or are they all gone?
543:  they all gone now yes sir yes sir they're closer {NW} you take uh {NS} there's uh I have two in Memphis they living up there working now and one in Detroit {NW} yes sir one in Chicago {NW} I have uh {NW} three living there with me close around they be up in my house there close to me
Interviewer:  Well that's nice
543:  oh yes sir mm-hmm {NS}
Interviewer:  I see one of your sons came to see you this weekend
543:  yes sir yes sir
Interviewer:  where where is he from? Memphis or
543:  Uh uh St. Louis I mean uh yeah St. Louis St.Louis, right, yes sir St. Louis Yes sir
Interviewer:  Well that's what about a hundred well that's more than that must be a couple hundred miles
543:  yes sir, yes sir Of course I haven't been there but {NW} He he says there's good pizza up there {NW} yeah {NS} yeah he was leaving out some time in the morning this morning going back
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm How does your son like Chicago?
543:  Oh well I have a daughter there.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh a daughter #
543:  #2 Well she # don't like it too well {NS} but her husband he likes it up there.
Interviewer:  Does he
543:  Yes sir he has a sister there and he likes it.
Interviewer:  Hm.
543:  First man second man third man and fourth man
Interviewer:  Okay if you just keep going up.
543:  Fifth sixth man seven man eight man nine man ten eleven.
Interviewer:  Okay um say well we'll start uh I did wanna get some I don't have your initials {B} uh your what's your first name?
543:  It {NW} It's James {B}
Interviewer:  James {B} and your address here is?
543:  Hartford {B} {B} {B}
Interviewer:  Um and let's see {NW} you are I think I asked you this the the first day but I'm not sure I put it on tape your um mother and father were both born here in uh Lafayette
543:  Lafayette county yes sir yes.
Interviewer:  And uh your uh did did you say that uh your parents had a chance to go to school very much or?
543:  Not much no sir.
Interviewer:  Neither one of them?
543:  No sir no sir.
Interviewer:  #1 About how far would you say they might go? #
543:  #2 Sure didn't #
Interviewer:  About the same as you or?
543:  Uh it was about well my mother went to about sixth grade and father he went to about seventh grade.
Interviewer:  Oh and your father was a farmer?
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And your did your mother ever work out or?
543:  No she just owned the farm that's right yes.
Interviewer:  Okay and uh your grandparents I think you said your mother's grandparents uh your mother's parents would come from where? They came from the county too right?
543:  Oh yes sir yes sir that's right sure Lafayette county sure
Interviewer:  And {NW} they were farmers?
543:  Yes sir yes
Interviewer:  And then your father's parents um also came from Lafayette?
543:  Yes sir yes sir yes
Interviewer:  And they were farmers?
543:  Yes sir all were farmers.
Interviewer:  Which one which a grandparent was the slave? #1 Your mother or your father? #
543:  #2 Well yes sir from my father's side #
Interviewer:  Only?
543:  Yes
Interviewer:  And that was your grandfather?
543:  Grandfather yes sir.
Interviewer:  And um your wife uh her religion is pentecostal?
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  And did she get much education in school?
543:  She finished the eight grade.
Interviewer:  Eight grade
543:  Right yes sir
Interviewer:  {NW} And that was here in the county?
543:  Yes sir in county yes Fayette county.
Interviewer:  And uh how old is she?
543:  Sixty-three years old.
Interviewer:  Sixty-three okay I think that's uh takes care of that. Uh I wanted uh first to ask you if you would draw just make a kinda sketch of your home that you remember as a boy.
543:  Ah
Interviewer:  How the rooms were uh something like this uh it doesn't just so I can just if y'all can remember what you told me about it.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  If you would like to uh
543:  Well uh let me see now I ain't much of a drawer. {NW}
Interviewer:  Well this is so I can the house layout.
543:  Oh I could you could mark it off
Interviewer:  Uh
543:  Maybe make it a little plain.
Interviewer:  Alright
543:  {X} I guess this is the small side of the place {X}.
Interviewer:  And uh this is the house where you grew up right?
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  Is that kind of a hall through the middle there um?
543:  Yes
Interviewer:  Um
543:  There's a hallway through the middle of it.
Interviewer:  Was that open on on either end or?
543:  It is open from through.
Interviewer:  Oh
543:  Yes sir open from through. That sure that's it. {NW} Them doors {NW} well anyways ask Alice she would make that and then see you know. And a door and about the same on each side. {NW} {NW}
Interviewer:  All the rooms open up into the hall.
543:  Main hall right yes sir yes sir yes sir. Uh well this was the kitchen up here well we would call it cook room you know and that was the dining room around here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm would you just mark that uh with a K or cook room or
543:  Yeah with a K.
Interviewer:  It is a dining room. {NW}
543:  And {NW} {X} it was an out that I just drawed there. And you know so this here that hallway went went plum through just the open hallway you know. Course there's less seen out there's a little porch on this. And it would well if I marked it some way know you know it would be a porch wouldn't you?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  And those steps went down.
Interviewer:  Which was the front uh
543:  This was the front up here and this was the back up here.
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Yes sir and the kitchen room back here on the back up here. That's the front and the house was sitting in the north south and the north.
Interviewer:  I see uh what did you use those other rooms for?
543:  These here?
Interviewer:  Yes the other rooms what?
543:  These are bedrooms oh yes sir that was bedrooms.
Interviewer:  Uh what room did you usually spend most or your time in uh?
543:  Well uh this room over here because that's where my mother and father stayed we mostly stay in there you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Of course they still weighed in you know.
Interviewer:  And that was beside the dining room?
543:  Yes sir yes sir yes sir that's right.
Interviewer:  And all the others were uh were bedrooms?
543:  Bedrooms did your mother and father have their bed in their?
Interviewer:  Yeah yes sir their their bed's in there. Yes sir yes sir.
543:  Okay and mostly kept that room for company and children sleep over here.
Interviewer:  Oh I see uh what you call that uh uh your mother would say come in come in now and go to this room what would she call that?
543:  {X} Come on in just in our room let's come on into our room they say.
Interviewer:  Uh huh
543:  Yes sir course uh that {X} back that in you know yes sir just come on in our room where they're bed was in there see.
Interviewer:  What what did you call this room?
543:  Well that's the company room. There you know when somebody come and stay over night well that's when they would go in that room.
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Spend the night or awhile.
Interviewer:  If the preacher came where did you talk to him?
543:  Well there's sitting here and talking until bed time you know if he's gonna spend the night and then he went in that room.
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  So use
543:  And when the preacher come you know if uh sometimes you know if the small children make a racket well y'all go in y'all's room.
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
543:  #1 Go in and stay while they was talking. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. # Uh huh Yes so this room was the one you use most of the time?
543:  Most of the time that's right yes sir. And that's where we'd go right on in there to eat you know in the kitchen right on there. Well it was door there I mean I said there's a door in this and go in that room you know. Oh yes
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  Yes
Interviewer:  But uh there weren't any door through here?
543:  No sir no sir there wasn't any doors through here you know uh except there was this one here. You were in that room over there on the side
Interviewer:  Uh huh
543:  and uh that's the easiest if you come out of here you know.
Interviewer:  And uh you this uh this is a pretty good sized porch back here.
543:  Yes sir it it go all the way mostly across the building you know, probably stop about two feet from each side you know.
Interviewer:  If somebody had a a smaller porch just sorta over the the the hallway there. Uh what would you call that uh a real small porch just something that came out to keep the rain off.
543:  Well sort of a well we called it just just kind of a water shed just you know just on the small place like that.
Interviewer:  You ever call it a stoop? Here anybody call it a stoop?
543:  Stoop stoop well they do some of them would call it that but we just mostly call it just a little water shed but there's a stoop you know coming off just to keep the {X} from over that door you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Hallway
Interviewer:  Okay well that's fine.
543:  Well it's so rough to
Interviewer:  Well it makes it clear that's what I
543:  Oh I see #1 yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 it's around there see? #
543:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # And uh {NW} the um did you have a another another floor on there?
543:  Floor?
Interviewer:  Could you have another uh set of rooms on top of this?
543:  No sir no sir no sir that is all just the set on the bottom. Yes
Interviewer:  If uh people when they had a first floor and then a second floor what what would they call?
543:  Upstairs we'd call it an upstairs. Yes sir yes sir.
Interviewer:  And how how what would they say about the steps?
543:  Stair steps they'd call 'em stair steps going up stairs.
Interviewer:  Uh okay and above the second floor right under neath the roof what what would you call that?
543:  Call it a loft up in the loft.
Interviewer:  Same same thing as a barn?
543:  Oh yes of course yes
Interviewer:  Loft
543:  Yes that's right yes sir yes sir
Interviewer:  And uh {NW} your parents room would you describe uh what they had in there {X} and beds.
543:  Yes sir they had two beds in there yes sir two beds and um oh maybe uh little old ta- homemade table siting over there you know a few little old glasses or something on it you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Just wasn't much you know yes sir.
Interviewer:  What what did you sit on?
543:  Well {NW} nail kegs mostly and then we saw some light wood you know something that had blocks With us children you know sit on. Now my daddy he would make 'em a chair he he could make a few chairs you know for it sit in.
Interviewer:  Did did you have anything um like they have today where a couple people could sit together?
543:  Well not too much like that no sir they just mostly just just single single yes sir yes.
Interviewer:  What do you what do you call that uh when
543:  What?
Interviewer:  later on when you uh got uh something that two or three people could sit on?
543:  We call it a settee chair
Interviewer:  Settee?
543:  #1 Settee chair #
Interviewer:  #2 Ah # I see
543:  Yes sir #1 yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. # Um that's that would be oh about enough to for two or three people?
543:  Yes sir yes sir yes sir
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and uh how about the the rest of the rooms what do they have in 'em?
543:  Well they had a bed about a bed in your room you know and um maybe some kind of little table or something little like that you know in there you know.
Interviewer:  Oh about when did you uh did you start to buy um things for the house? Well well you made most of the
543:  Well made made yes sir that is good yes sir sure would of made it mostly.
Interviewer:  Uh huh when did you start to to buy go to the store and and did they have a store here in {X}
543:  No sir well not not not much now if did you know back that in we didn't know much about it didn't get 'em you know and all just a few peoples might would get something like that. But you just just they just wasn't make that then. You take people that's out in the country that they people that you know that they would learn how to make chairs and things had a lot of homemade chair now you would get some chairs like that you know from the people that you know out of their job and they would made 'em nice you know on that job you know.
Interviewer:  There wasn't just a bunch of stores then.
543:  No sir no sir right right yes sir sure.
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  What did you call the um um tables and chairs and beds and everything together what did you call that?
543:  Call it uh uh a bedroom suit.
Interviewer:  Ah
543:  That's what we called it you know.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear it called um fixings or furniture or?
543:  Oh furniture furniture you know really that's what we called it you know. House furniture yes sir.
Interviewer:  Everything?
543:  Yes sir chair bed house furniture.
Interviewer:  And uh how did you keep uh light out of the windows?
543:  Oh way we would get up there you know and uh make us a shade out there you know. Uh uh uh so like an ol' door you know and uh shut 'em. Really that's most the windows we had back then and this uh something like a door you know and hinges on it and take 'em ol' white shoes and cut the sole off of them and make hinges out of it. Boy they'd last long.
Interviewer:  I hadn't seen that.
543:  Right that's right.
Interviewer:  So actually you didn't have glass uh?
543:  No sir no sir no sir no sir.
Interviewer:  I see
543:  No glass no sir sure.
Interviewer:  And discarded shoes would give you the hinges and you just make a board that you could
543:  Yes sir just just a little plank you know and make a make a board as wide as that there you know and and nail in the wall you know until that and open the shade. {X} And so didn't use all that much light.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  That's right. No sir if it's too cool or cold out there you know uh we would uh you know might light the ol' coal oil lamp you know uh something like that you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Uh when you had we you started to have glass in the windows how did you keep the light out to uh from them?
543:  Well we would take uh uh {NW} my mom made tow sack you know take a croaker sack these old tow sack you know and get you know and half 'em and uh rip 'em open and make make shade to go that's right and maybe frazzle some and tie string around 'em oh they'd be pretty.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm mm-hmm
543:  And down you know they keep the light out you know oh out the window.
Interviewer:  Uh huh if um people had something on the outside that they closed and opened up to keep the light and the wind and things out what would you call?
543:  We would call them shutters.
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
543:  We would call them shutters.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir to the window.
Interviewer:  Uh shades inside the house?
543:  Oh yes sir yes sir yes sir
Interviewer:  About uh how how high were those rooms uh about how
543:  Well I'll tell you back that then they made 'em about uh eight foot high.
Interviewer:  They did?
543:  Yes sir yes sir
Interviewer:  In the bedroom uh did you have anything to keep your clothes in or uh when you were a boy and when if you didn't when did you start to?
543:  No sir didn't have nothing in there much just uh put 'em mostly oh just hang 'em up in there you know what you well no it wasn't using no just just nail {X} you know in some corner you know just nail 'em hang 'em up there.
Interviewer:  Now later on what kinds of things did you use for um?
543:  Well uh later on well I you know well I don't know about you but just some trunks they call 'em.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  And and and uh you know put the clothes in you know trunk sorta like a little box you know with a lid over it you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  And keep the clothes in there.
Interviewer:  Did you ever have a thing that's er I'm sure you do now uh things with drawers and a mirror?
543:  Dressers you call 'em dressers you know chifforobe dresser.
Interviewer:  That's the right word I've heard that a chifforobe.
543:  Chifforobe
Interviewer:  Uh what is exactly uh difference between a a uh chiffonier and a wardrobe? What's the difference?
543:  Well they just about the same thing that's right yes sir. Wardrobe is yes yes sir. But that you got doors there you know the {X} you know and then on one side they got drawers they
Interviewer:  That's a chiffonier?
543:  Yes sir yes sir yes sir yes sir
Interviewer:  Kinda a combination
543:  Oh yeah or so yes sir. Yes sir yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh the wardrobe did you ever have one of those uh big uh big things?
543:  We had later on you know why we got a hold of a few you know somebody else they done decided they wanted a different one something other you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  And uh maybe go any work for them for several days to get one of them.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
543:  Yes sir yes sir
Interviewer:  And and they were pretty big were they?
543:  Yes sir they was tall they's tall you know yes sir.
Interviewer:  But how um about how big would they be?
543:  uh something like about so wide you know maybe five six about six foot tall something like that oh yes sir yes sir.
Interviewer:  Good size
543:  Yes sir yes sir
Interviewer:  And uh if you did did most people or did many people have built in closets like you have now or?
543:  No sir no sir no sir just didn't didn't know about 'em or something no sir.
Interviewer:  I've heard that over and over again uh people didn't seem to to uh have closets at all.
543:  No sir no sir.
Interviewer:  Up in Holly Springs they've got uh huge uh great big mansions and room after room there's just no closets.
543:  No sir no sir
Interviewer:  They just didn't build 'em.
543:  That's right no sir. No sir
Interviewer:  Oh it's interesting how um uh that's a that's a big things in houses now isn't it?
543:  Yeah right right yes sir yes sir. Sure sure
Interviewer:  Uh where did you keep things that you that you didn't want to throw away but uh you weren't actually using did you have a room for that?
543:  Well uh most of the time we would uh you know probably have a little building out in the ho- in the yard and uh well call it a smoke house well in one side we could put these other things in it you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes sir we'd call it a smoke house just a little building a log building out in the yard.
Interviewer:  What did you call the things you set you saved like that uh?
543:  What we call?
Interviewer:  Yes you'd call it uh? What did you call uh just junk or?
543:  Oh yes sir yes sir that's right we would put the junk junk we'd call it junk like that you know too. But after awhile we'd go in there and get that junk.
Interviewer:  And use it?
543:  That's right
Interviewer:  Uh did you did you have anything uh call- you ever call it plunder?
543:  Oh all that in there we moved the plunder out in the plunder house and such and such.
Interviewer:  Oh that's
543:  In a part of it you know. Plunder well just something like that maybe a broke down chair or something uh something out in the house like that you know uh maybe some clothes that just tore and you didn't have time to fix and you know we put 'em all back there to later on when they have time they put it in that plunder.
Interviewer:  So uh
543:  Junk
Interviewer:  and it was either plunder or junk?
543:  Junk yes sir {X} comical but you know the phrase that's what it'd be we knew what it was.
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Yes sir #1 yes sir anytime. #
Interviewer:  #2 And uh # the things that uh your how would you make up a bed? Would you uh tell me about that?
543:  Making up a bed like we had down here?
Interviewer:  What did you have to sleep on and pillows and things like that.
543:  We man ain't it funny we go out there you know on them way out hills where that ol' crab grass grow that you know well fore it died down you know {D: uh to you know when it gets so brickly of something another} well you'd have to get going out there and probably it would be knee high something like that man we'd pull that grass you know and uh in a in a in a ball it up course it wouldn't be long before it'd be dried up and that's what we'd use and bring home you know and and store it away to put in our bed ticket. That's what we slept on. Yeah yes after you unball it you know and put it out in there you know ah ah in ticket we'd call it a bed ticket. We'd get some old ducking or something c- another you know my mother would you know
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  You know make a ma- a bed ticket it we called it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Stuff it full of hay you know and man that stuff would sleep good. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  #1 Did they sew up #
543:  #2 And the # pillows sometimes we would go {NW} when they had cotton you know . Why probably after we get together you know uh maybe be allowed a {D: bolt of cotton batting to feel. Well you} go get that you know and uh put in a sack and before they get through ginny you know go and let 'em gin it out in the ginny for the seed that was in it.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 That # scrap.
Interviewer:  Cotton seed?
543:  Yes sir and then go back and then my mother would take some kind of old cloth and make some pillowcase and shove it full of cotton you know. Man them things #1 slept good. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. {NW} # Good?
543:  #1 Yes sir yes sir really I like 'em now. #
Interviewer:  #2 Aw good. # Yeah better than uh #1 feathers? #
543:  #2 Yes oh oh # man yes. Yes sir that's #1 right sure. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # And uh what did you put over you to keep warm?
543:  {NW} Oh my mother would make quilts. #1 Oh yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
543:  Take some ol' clothes if you didn't have cloth {D: from the old and some white clothes that you couldn't pass in and maybe just} cut out good pieces of it. And maybe somebody else you know that uh they had some old clothes that maybe was in uh in a little better shape {D: than all those} they give 'em to 'em you know cut 'em up and make make blocks you know out of 'em and and then sew 'em together. Man make it large enough for a quilt you know. Well they'd get some kind of old cloth or something you know to make a lining to go on it. And man get that cotton like I said like that quilting {D: cotton that end uh with the wood} and uh spread it out you know after it's done gin. Just spread it out so thick you know all over that there quilt you know. And then she'd get there you know and hoop it down. Put both of them lining together you know the lining and the top hoop it together. {D: And then we'd get her quilting holsters} we'd call 'em. So like these {D: soft benches you know.} #1 And then a #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  long strip where she'd baste that on each side {D: that and sh-} pull it over and tie strings to it and it'd be tight. And she'd set up there man and quilt #1 Ooh. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # {NW}
543:  Yes sir #1 one was after one #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh I see. #
543:  man makes some good cover.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  #1 Yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  quilt that you know just sews it in blocks {D: a patch you know and the order stays} #1 together. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # kind of a design?
543:  #1 Yeah #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  right right #1 right. Yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh I see. #
543:  yes sir.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh I see #
543:  #2 Yes # sir that's #1 right. #
Interviewer:  #2 Sounds # like a lot of work #1 Yes #
543:  #2 Exactly it's # a lot of work man I don't {NW} peoples wouldn't do that now.
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
543:  #2 {NW} # #1 That's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 And how about # uh did you have something you put over the quilt? Uh #1 Uh like a? #
543:  #2 I wouldn't c- # A spread #1 you know. Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Like a spread or? #
543:  maybe they'd find some cloth you know and make 'em some bedspread #1 you know just #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  {D: a little different looking} cloth you know.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 Just # spread over that that that quilt you know.
Interviewer:  And did you ever see anybody have uh a pillow that went all the way across #1 the bed? #
543:  #2 {NW} # Bolsters. #1 We call them bolsters. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. {NW} # Uh-huh.
543:  Bolster pillows #1 yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 And how # about a a bed uh on the floor that you might make for children who came to stay with you you just didn't have room for 'em.
543:  Yes sir we'd make pallets down #1 there. Yes #
Interviewer:  #2 On the floor? #
543:  sir that's right. #1 Yes #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  pallets on the floor.
Interviewer:  And uh it the kitchen would you tell me uh about what you have in the kitchen and how your mother would uh uh. Well I'll just let you explain what you had in the kitchen and how she cooked and things #1 like that uh. #
543:  #2 Oh yes sir. # Yes sir. Well we'd have it {NW} you know like I said you know we'd have in meal barrels that held meal in one you know and maybe uh flour in the other one. Small barrels you know. When she'd go in there you know and uh get a sifter {NW} get her so much meal out and you know get a dish pan and sift it in there you know. Well she'd get her salt and soda and put it in there you know and uh make it up good and r- you know put it together good and all. {D: And then they put in the pan.} And we had a old cook stove there you know. We put wood in you know to cook with. Yes sir get that stove hot and uh put it in there to cook or either that's the way she would take it and make biscuits. She'd get that flour you know and she'd take her hands and wash 'em you know wash 'em good and get her hand and you know go to making up that flour you know and put that salt and soda in there you know make it up good. And uh {D: back that then she'd} find an old bottle. That's what she used for a rolling pin. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  She'd measure the dough out {D: put it thin} and then take that bottle you know and roll it out. Put it as thin as she want it. {D: Take ol' salve and cut and} cut them uh biscuits out and put 'em in the pan. #1 And then cook 'em. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Oh I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh sh- you didn't have room enough for a table out there what did she work on?
543:  Well she'd mostly have uh you know move stuff over you know on well we'd have a little table nailed upside the wall on one side. Called it a cook cook table. #1 That's #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  {D: where would she you know she'd set the eggs} #1 some to cook things #
Interviewer:  #2 To work. #
543:  and stuff you know. #1 Yes sir on that there #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  the table nailed upside {C: laughing} the wall over there.
Interviewer:  How'd you keep uh your milk cool enough so it didn't uh?
543:  Well man I don't see how milk stayed like it did. #1 That's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  No sir. We just just set it over there and uh uh well in the safe. We had an old safe you know like that you know. In with shelves in it you know. Open the door and set in uh stuff all up in the shelves you know so like uh. A- and uh now during the the summer if we we had a well sometimes we'd have a well and then we'd have a spring off there down the hill. And in that well we we'd draw up water you know. And put it in a tub and put it over in the shade and set that milk in it. And so that that's the only way of
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. I see. #
543:  #2 keeping milk. That's right. #
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
543:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  Uh did you ever hear anybody uh having a house or a little um shed or something for that uh?
543:  Well now some folkses would you know. #1 What everybody did was. #
Interviewer:  #2 Down the # spring uh?
543:  Yes sir that's #1 right sure. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # And what did they call those uh? Do you have anything?
543:  Well uh let me see I don't know hardly what let me see what they would call them little houses. {NW} Coolers they mostly would you know someone would call 'em coolers you know. They'd just but just just a few of them had #1 them. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. # Did you ever hear any body call 'em a dairy?
543:  No sir I don't remember a dairy. Milk dairy. No sir I don't don't remember that {D: back that in.}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 And uh # you kept most things in the safe uh in the kitchen. Did you have another little where room you could put pots and #1 pans? #
543:  #2 Oh yes # sir we called it a little closet.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  We'd nail up you know something back there you'd take it in build 'em in like that you know but just get in that corner over there and wall up a little place over there you know for the closet.
Interviewer:  #1 All right. #
543:  #2 That's the # {D: way you do that.} have a little door to it to put the stuff back in.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Um would you uh tell me more about uh how your mother would keep the house clean and uh where she'd keep the broom and things like that uh? Um how she must've been a big job to keep the {NW} #1 keep up. #
543:  #2 You're # right. Yes sir well she'd {NW} tell you what man we'd go out in the in the old fields {D: around these there} {D: ring that old} broom straw. And man {NW} trim off the bottom of it them bottom leaves there. Man they'd be long brooms you know man we'd get it {D: by all fours and bring up.} To u- that's what we'd sweep the floor with you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Yes sir. Sweep the floor I mean they sweep good. It looked like we oughta {X}
Interviewer:  It really would?
543:  Really #1 man. Yes #
Interviewer:  #2 Really? #
543:  sir that'll sweep the floor you know like that. But when you get ready to scour the floor of course my daddy would get a board about something like about as half big as this you know and take an ol' log {D: or you know} with a bent top on it and stick a stick through there and that's the kind of auger we'd use. {NS} Bore big holes in there {D: so like} about thataway you know. Over there. And uh go to the barn and shuck some corn. {NW} He'd twist some shucks together and stick through them holes and they'd be sticking through them holes you know. The tough part would be up you know and then the uh bushy ends would be down there. And man be sticking down there and oh man. Wet them things you know and wet that floor man. Ooh you just shine that floor with them #1 shucks. That's the #
Interviewer:  #2 That's how you do it? #
543:  {D: skein} mopped with.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. I've never heard of that. #
543:  #2 Oh yes sir yes sir. I # {D: say that} #1 good. #
Interviewer:  #2 Good. #
543:  #1 Really good? {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yes sir yes sir that's right. #
543:  #1 Uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  #2 So #
543:  you know of course now {D: as long as that it didn't get uh} those uh long sticks straight stick you know and bore holes in it {D: toward} See it'd be sorta sloping in there in the m- in one side of it you know and oh man {NW} it
Interviewer:  Sure.
543:  it was handy.
Interviewer:  {NW}
543:  It'd do the work.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
543:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  On the floor?
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh that's # that's that's I never heard of that.
543:  #1 Well I say. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} And # And you you put um put the the um soft part
543:  #1 Down you know. #
Interviewer:  #2 through that # board?
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And that would just free the #1 {X} #
543:  #2 Yes sir that's right. # the holes would be close enough together where it would after you pull it through {D: on the other side of that sprawl out you know.}
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 Well yes sir. # Man it'd be.
Interviewer:  Did um it was that kind of an invention of your father's or um?
543:  #1 Well #
Interviewer:  #2 Did many # #1 people have that a? #
543:  #2 Uh # well uh most people had #1 that. #
Interviewer:  #2 Did they? #
543:  Oh yes sir that's #1 right. Yes #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  sir. That is all we knowed you know about them mops and things #1 like that. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # {X}
543:  Sure. #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh that's a # good idea.
543:  #1 Yes sir and then you #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  take some few that you know didn't have that. Why they'd get 'em ol' tow sack or something another like that you know and wrap around a hole. And just make a big #1 mop out of it. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
543:  #1 Yes sir yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. Uh-huh #
543:  That's the way my daddy did {D: did it.}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh or people had to use their?
543:  #1 Oh man yes sir right right right. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  {NS} Sure #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  And man uh {NW} let me tell you about this you know. Spinning that there cotton man. well I told you a little about that though. Making them uh spinning cotton. We take you know we has an ol' spinning wheel you know and {D: cords and cord and} and and spin and making rows and spinning 'em into thread. And uh my mother would knit our stockings
Interviewer:  #1 Mm. #
543:  #2 Uh # and socks. All all of us. That's the way we got our socks you know and all.
Interviewer:  And uh she would make the thread? #1 Uh. #
543:  #2 Yes sir # take that cotton you know and them {C: cord} you know {D: cord. We'd mark you know} sure that that cotton {D: not} good you know. And then she could make a roll. Roll about {D: the longest thing} about ten inches long. Make up a pile of that. Well she had that ol' spinning wheel you know. and she'd get it started up there on the side of it you know {D: where it was made up} you know add a spindle to it you know. And wrap it around there and she'd get to spinning that thing man and just make thread. Well when she got that and then she'd ride it back up there and she'd get another roll stick on the end of that man {D: caught that thread you know.}
Interviewer:  #1 Mm. #
543:  #2 Get # a lot of thread made up man then she'd get them knitting needles. {D: Put in there man and} knit that there socks. That's the way only s- way we got our socks #1 now. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Did you did she use wool or mostly #1 cotton? #
543:  #2 Well uh mostly # cotton you #1 know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mostly cotton. #
543:  #1 Yes sir. Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay uh. #
543:  Course now she would have used {C: engine starting} some wool because my daddy you know we didn't have very many sheeps you know. {X} Now she uh m- my mother and daddy would wear wool socks. But the children would wear cotton #1 socks. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 Now see # that wool is pretty valuable. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  I bet it was.
543:  You right #1 right yes sir yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. Mm-hmm. #
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Cotton # was easier to #1 come by. #
543:  #2 Oh yes sir sure sure. # Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh # how bout uh washing your clothes uh did you uh did did you have any time to iron 'em or she'd?
543:  Oh yes sir she'd take {D: the night more she uh she'd} she'd iron 'em you know. Set them ol' smoothing irons up to the fire you know and get 'em hot and get 'em ol' plank and set up there you know. {NW} Put the clothes on there and iron 'em. Then far as washing the clothes. She would uh take these ashes out of this fireplace and put 'em out there in some old barrel. and cover 'em up. And maybe just get 'em washed enough to just {D: stay lye} and get strong. And uh made {D: a ash hop out there.} Ol' big ol' box. {NW} {D: I know how she made you know} And my daddy cut a trough out you know like a whole trough you know. And get some ol' planks or poles that stand down you know and uh fix 'em to where them ashes wouldn't go through. And and and let 'em {D: stand} down into that trough. It's cut out like that. We'd put them ashes up in here about four foot or six foot long you know. {D: A tr- uh I would fit} it'd come up so four about four foot high. Put maybe a couple of barrels of ashes in there {NS} you know. Pour water in there {NS} and let that {NW} that water run on down you know and and and when it come out you know in that trough it's just lye #1 I mean. Strong. Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Real strong. Mm-hmm. #
543:  Yes sir. Sometimes you'd have to weaken it or uh then she'd put uh {NW} some oh some grease or something another you know in there you know uh. Somebody you know had some oh spoiled meat or something another uh get 'em some ol' grease or something another and put in there you know. And they'd put that grease in there and boil that stuff and man make soap lye soap some of the prettiest lye soap. #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Hmm. #
543:  Yes it'd get real thick you know and all.
Interviewer:  #1 Could you use it on your skin or was that too strong? #
543:  #2 Well you could use just a little bit. # {X} You know just a little bit on your skin you #1 know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  Couldn't use too much of it. Didn't need too much of it. #1 That's right yes sir. Yes #
Interviewer:  #2 Um. Pretty strong. #
543:  sir yes sir that's #1 right. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  And then they'd {D: put them in} clothes and I mean that that that made that dirt come out.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  Yes #1 sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 And uh # uh use a a pot {X}
543:  Yes sir that's right. When you put that you know r- run that lye {D: through you} take the wash pot you know and boil that stuff you know. And yes sir that there the some grease in there you know would make it you know uh ol' grease or something another like that it'd make make soap make #1 thick soap. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # And uh where did you wash boil the clothes? #1 And s-
 stir it? #
543:  #2 Oh yes sir. Oh yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
543:  #2 You. # Uh no sir see in other words she would wash the you know {D: w- would} heat the water you know and pour in there you know and then she'd take that soap you know and then smear it on the clothes and got a old rub board you know.
Interviewer:  Oh.
543:  Oh that's the way oh #1 man. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh I see. #
543:  Smear that there over them clothes you know and wet 'em you know and then wash 'em out like that #1 on that rub board. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # I see.
543:  Yes #1 sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 That's # more hard work.
543:  #1 Oh man yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
543:  Yes sir. {NW}
Interviewer:  Around uh outside the house uh where did you uh what did you use for the toilet in those days what uh?
543:  Well uh uh just go out there and uh uh dig dig some {D: four} holes down you know. And uh n- now that's that's the way {D: you just had to use 'em.}
Interviewer:  #1 Right. #
543:  #2 Just # {D: just dig 'em that hole there you know and just wall it up.} You know and just put a little top on it you know and put a door to it. And uh have {D: a lid} place back there you know for {D: uh plank cross you know} for you know a stool. And this on the back back there it'd {D: be olden.}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  That's right. #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  And #1 that's the way. Yes sir it's covered. It's covered you know and #
Interviewer:  #2 But it was covered so you {X} #
543:  walled up you know
Interviewer:  So you go out there in the rain right?
543:  #1 Well you uh that's right yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
543:  Yes sir that's right. {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh what did you call it?
543:  #1 Toilet. We called it the toilet. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} Toilet. Are there any joke # joking names for it? #1 {X} #
543:  #2 Well yeah. # But my daddy used {C: laughing} to be you know call it a private {C: pronunciation} #1 house. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # #1 Uh-huh. #
543:  #2 {NW} # Private {C: pronunciation} you know. That's the old {D: there they just push one name and} another you #1 know. {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh around uh uh outside uh what was this house built of um?
543:  #1 Built out of? #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Yes. It was?
543:  #1 Logs.
Oh yes sir I often #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh it was? #
543:  #1 Oh yes sir. I often #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  think about that yes sir them eh built out of logs you know. Yes sir. #1 built out of logs. #
Interviewer:  #2 And uh uh # later on if you'd put uh boards around those logs what would you call those boards? Uh.
543:  {NS} Well I'll tell you what we mostly back there then of course you know they they improved but I just {D: tell my way back yonder when that} in in that time you know when we'd just go there and build it i- in them logs you know and we'd uh stuff them ch- cracks with uh mud uh uh mud and grass.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 Just # slap in there and man it would stay in that out of clay and grass. Make a batch you know and just man {D: stuff them} cracks you know with it with grass you know. Of course we would get some uh {NW} {X} go out and cut us some wood you know uh and make something like {D: pale ins right. Pale in you know to gable it up with.} Yes sir {D: gable it up} and break the cracks in it you know.
Interviewer:  Mm.
543:  And of course that's what we would cover it with. Boards you know. Get out there and cut out some two foot boards you know. Oh man that's right. #1 yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Which # way would the boards run up and down or or this way uh? #1 Across? #
543:  #2 Well # {D: -ee it'd be slanting back there.} No sir run 'em straight down.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
543:  #2 Yes sir. # {D: Yes it'd be on across the boards you know cross yes sir.} All running down.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
543:  {D: Yes sir stow it} down to the bottom and that way and and oh man yeah. Now e- a lot of peoples wouldn't know how to start that down there on the bottom. They'd just put uh uh a cross there you know and then put a board over that crack to break the {D: joint.} Whole board but they ain't supposed to do that. Supposed to cut it 'em half in two when you first starting off down there. And that'll keep it from you know being just a big {D: board.} Oh yes. {C: laughing} #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 All right. #
543:  #1 It's good yes sir oh yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Weren't supposed to do that. Um. # What did they call those boards in the outside uh? Uh.
543:  Weather boards.
Interviewer:  Is that is that uh what they called 'em?
543:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 And uh # over the roof how did they keep the how'd they keep the rain out uh what did you have for the for for over the roof?
543:  Over the roof?
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 Oh yes # sir that's that's what I'm talking about these here boards we'd call 'em.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh that's oh. #
543:  #2 {X} # To cover it with. #1 Keep the water out #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh I see. #
543:  Oh yes sir.
Interviewer:  I see now they um. That's not weather board though?
543:  #1 {D: No sir not say} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  weather board no sir no sir no sir that's not to say weather board up there. That's just the roof you know. {D: Layer} now we we have {D: layers} under that there you know. {D: To nail 'em} them too we called 'em {D: layers.} Uh well I'll tell you what you now some folkses got to where they'd build 'em houses that have lumber you know and they stand it up and build that way. Well they call that weather board on the outside there you know that uh.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. Yes that's right. #
543:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  #1 And those boards go #
543:  #2 Yes sir right right right. #
Interviewer:  #1 around the house #
543:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
543:  #2 All the way around the house you know. # #1 Yes sir the weather board. #
Interviewer:  #2 And uh you you make # uh shingles yourself for the?
543:  Top.
Interviewer:  #1 For the roof? #
543:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
543:  #2 Yes sir # #1 for the roof. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # And if you had uh somebody had a roof that uh you know with an L shaped building and the roof would come like this. #1 What did you call this? #
543:  #2 Gutter. # You call #1 them gutters. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # A gutter?
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  Yes.
Interviewer:  And uh uh did people ever catch the rain at the end of the roof in anything uh?
543:  {D: Oh man in them ol' cisterns.}
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir that's right.
Interviewer:  Oh.
543:  Yeah they'd make I'll tell you they'd make 'em out of little troughs you know. and uh catch that water you know going down and dig 'em a big system out there you know and that's what they had for #1 wells. {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. And they # call 'em the thing that caught the water around the roof would be a?
543:  Gutter
Interviewer:  #1 That would be gutter? #
543:  #2 Gutter. That # that that's what the #1 {D: I mean uh.} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  Uh now now trough. #1 A trough we #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh I see. #
543:  call that uh you know a trou- water trough you know. we catched that #1 right at the roof. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. # So in a roof like this uh #1 this would be the gutter? Rain would #
543:  #2 Gutter. Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  fall down there and be caught in the trough?
543:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  And that would run off to the?
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  #1 That's right. #
543:  #2 {X} # come on down that gutter you know and right underneath that roof {D: didn't have it turn it to go out into that there.} #1 cistern. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
543:  Oh yes sir and that that's water good you know catch it. #1 Keep it strained. #
Interviewer:  #2 I bet it's {D: soft.} #
543:  #1 Yes sir right yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 For washing. #
543:  Yes sir that's right.
Interviewer:  And uh you had a wood stove in the in the kitchen uh what did you keep the wood in? How did you handle that um would you just tell me about not only the wood stove but about the fireplace in fact uh how how where were the fireplaces uh #1 did you have uh? #
543:  #2 Well. # {NS} #1 Well it just mostly on one #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  side you know. We probably would have a fireplace uh
Interviewer:  #1 Go ahead. #
543:  #2 built # right in here. Somewhere somewhere right in here you know. {NW} yes sir right in along in there you see. That uh we'd call that a stacked chimney. We'd have a fireplace on you know on this side and one on this side.
Interviewer:  {X} #1 I see. #
543:  #2 Come into this room. #
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 And then uh you # had a regular stove out in the #1 kitchen? #
543:  #2 Yes sir. # Yes sir sure did. That's #1 a stove #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  over here in the kitchen.
Interviewer:  And uh did uh would you tell me how you made how the chimney was built? Uh.
543:  {D: Yes sir left that in there you know that that} space in there you know and uh {C: coughing} I'll tell you what. We built up that chimney thataway out of out of out of dirt. We built it up to the bottom of the house. I mean up to the floor in dirt you know. {NW} Well uh we would take in you know and and makes these here mud {NS} uh {NS} {NW} things you know out of that mud. And that's where we'd build that there chimney up you know. And and put a partition in there you know between there. And build it up out of uh clay #1 and #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  grass.
Interviewer:  #1 Clay and grass? The same way that you #
543:  #2 Oh yes sir. {X} #
Interviewer:  you plugged the holes in the logs right?
543:  #1 Yes right right right. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  Yes sir yes sir.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh #
543:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  what did you have a name for that did you ever hear that called cats?
543:  Yes sir that's what that's what that's what they was the cats. They call them cats you know.
Interviewer:  I wonder where that word came from.
543:  Oh that's some of them old folks named that. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  #1 It's just named it. Oh. I see. #
543:  #2 {NW} Just named it. That's what they was. # #1 And it just come up #
Interviewer:  #2 Yes. #
543:  you know just like that yes sir. #1 Uh. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  Yes sir. Mud and grass {D: that'll pull that ol' grass and} man get it up there. {NW} Get that mud clay mud made up there and it it'd stick to it #1 too. #
Interviewer:  #2 Any # kind of any special kind of grass uh?
543:  Well mostly crab grass would be yes sir crab #1 grass. That's right that's {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. Did you ever # have anything called cattails?
543:  Yes sir we
Interviewer:  #1 In the ponds. #
543:  #2 we we. Yes sir. # Yes sir. we still have some #1 of them cattails. #
Interviewer:  #2 I wonder uh # I wondered if maybe they uh uh the cats the word cats came from the cattails uh whether #1 {X} #
543:  #2 Well # maybe so but cattails is round though and kinda fluffy like. Well it might have. That might been the idea of of naming them that #1 you know #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  back in them #1 times. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And um {NW} then would you explain uh where you kept the wood and how you uh how you kept the fire in both the stove and the fireplace.
543:  Oh yes sir man we'd go out there and cut that wood you know in two foot pieces. That's mostly go in the fireplace you know. Yes sir and cut that in two foot pieces and haul it up you know out there to the wood pile you know out the do- g- gate out there somewhere out close to the house. And tote it in you know and lay it on. Well we'd mostly {C: laughing} find us some ol' rocks that wouldn't shoot so to lay on each side you know. To lay that wood cross to keep it from getting smothered down you know. #1 you know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  Up just about so high you know.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 And # and build a fire in there on it. Man and that thing would keep the house warm. {NW}
Interviewer:  Um would you explain how you built the fire and what you used to build it?
543:  #1 Yes sir back that then we #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  could go out there then and uh and {C: coughing} get some ol' uh old dead trees that died back there you know and maybe if blowed down fell and they're rich. I mean rich. And and uh got that pine rosin in 'em you know and rich you know. You bring 'em up there and cut 'em up you know. And and put splinters there and man it would burn just like almost like gas. Yes sir and we'd stick it under there and you know and set um s- match to it. And it'd burn and get that wood to burn in there. And after it go to burning then man it's just keep on some wood and it {NW} keep fire in in the fireplace.
Interviewer:  What did you call a a a big log that you'd #1 use? #
543:  #2 Call 'em # backlogs.
Interviewer:  #1 Backlogs? Oh. #
543:  #2 Yes sir. Put some # backlogs on the back you know and then the smallest ones in front and so that ol' back one it'll still burn you know and it wouldn't burn up so quick and man it'd throw the {D: hip} throw the heat out.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # Uh in the kitchen where did you where did you #1 {X} #
543:  #2 Well in the s- # in the stove the cookstove there. We'd cuts {D: and uh stow it would} run about that long you know. Split it up so small and so we'd bring it in. It'd have a door on it you know to put in there and it about that large you know. Well we'd fill that full of and we'd take some of that pine needle and we {D: called it} make a fire there in front of it you know and start it to burning. #1 Mm. #
Interviewer:  #2 And then every #
543:  time it get low put in some more. And man that ol' cookstove on the side there. You put that bread in there. {NW} Cook it.
Interviewer:  Did you uh uh did you have did you build a chimney up through the?
543:  Yes sir #1 on up through there. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  #1 That's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 Um. How # about over in the kitchen? Uh.
543:  Well uh most time we're over here. we would uh just uh I tell you back in them times {D: it is sorta it is dare.} We'd just take some stove pipes we'd call 'em. {D: Stove.} Were just tin pipes you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  And uh r- just let 'em go just start to stack them here on top of the stove. And let 'em go on out. Cut a hole up yonder you know. And let 'em go out the top of the house.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  And that's the way you did back in them times you know.
Interviewer:  Uh would you uh break it in or?
543:  #1 No sir we'd break in no. Well #
Interviewer:  #2 or just just regular now. #
543:  now I'll tell you what. We acquired you know {NW} you know {X} We'd get up there you know about to the loft you know. Well we'd brick it sometime on out through the top of the house. But these stovepipes goes up to the loft of the house you know up there. Yeah and we'd get up there you know {D: and when it} loft isn't {D: yeah} nailed to something another up there you know {D: put some lines across} and start them brick. and go in on out.
Interviewer:  I see. Uh you call that a uh uh #1 chimney? #
543:  #2 Flue. #
Interviewer:  Oh that's a #1 flue? #
543:  #2 Stove # flue.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
543:  #2 Yes sir. # Stove flue.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh {NW} you used rocks uh to hold the logs up later on what did you uh did you get anything made of iron? A regular thing to hold it?
543:  {D: Yes sir we have twine you know.}
Interviewer:  Oh.
543:  Well my daddy learned then how to make a iron. He could make some irons you know and bend 'em you know. Ole buggy axles or something like that you know and man he could make some firedogs we called it.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
543:  #2 And set 'em in there. #
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
543:  #2 Oh they was # {D: extra.}
Interviewer:  And above the uh the fireplace #1 what would you have there? #
543:  #2 Yes we'd # have some ol' {D: white} wagon tires. We'd put up there you know. The the start that stack it on cross up there you know after we get out first you want to go in come across. You set 'em up there you know. {D: And then s-} and then start to build it on up.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 And # build on out.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. The in front of the fireplace would you keep would you h- what was the same level as the floor what what did you have in there?
543:  Down to the same level as floor?
Interviewer:  Yeah. uh did you have uh bricks or stone or something coming out into the room?
543:  Oh yes sir. {D: Uh we} call that a hearth.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
543:  #2 Hearth. # Yes sir.
Interviewer:  #1 Now I'll tell you what. #
543:  #2 {X} # Now my dad {D: I just remembered just as well.} Well back there then you didn't have these brick to get in there you know of course and he would just take that there dirt out there you know and wet it and bring it in. Just pack it real hard and tight. And I mean smooth it off with the clay {D: dirt} and that thing. Yes sir. A dirt hearth {D: We'd uh we'd call it a} #1 the hearth. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. # And I suppose uh the heat would make it uh as hard as pretty hard.
543:  #1 Oh yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  Yes sir. That's #1 right. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  {D: Have to pack it} together and then that heat you know would make it hard. Just #1 just uh y- yes #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
543:  sir.
Interviewer:  #1 You practically have a brick. #
543:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Uh.
543:  Well uh after a while no sir w- we didn't have nothing then.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh but I #
543:  #2 See uh. #
Interviewer:  mean that dirt would be almost
543:  #1 Just just right because #
Interviewer:  #2 uh look like a brick. #
543:  oh you know these bricks is made out of dirt #1 you know of course yes sir that's right yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. {X} That's just uh # the clay?
543:  #1 Clay yes sir yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 the heat and uh. #
543:  That's right.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh I see. #
543:  #2 Sure. #
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
543:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  People would just uh would discover those things and and do it.
543:  #1 Oh right right right yes sir oh yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  {D: Didn't have me someone to work ahead and} {NW} #1 Tell you how to make something yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Tell you how to work around. # Uh-huh.
543:  Yes sir. #1 That's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 And # {NW} How about uh how did you drink water or how did you get to keep the water?
543:  Well it's mostly uh if we {D: didn't have a} spring you know uh we'd just have to drink that water. We didn't have nothing to keep it cool in you know. No sir.
Interviewer:  What did you keep it in uh?
543:  Well in a water bucket you know we called it a water bucket you know and all. And man we'd work 'em ol' make 'em ol' dippers you know. and gourd grow them gourds you know and make them {C: laughing} #1 gourd dippers. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh I see. # #1 Uh. #
543:  #2 Yes # sir that's right.
Interviewer:  And uh would the bucket be made of of metal or um?
543:  Well I'll tell you what uh we could find uh maybe I'll tell you what back there then they they made s- made some buckets fella out of some wood. They would split wood and they'd make buckets out of it. Of course it'd take some time but you know just something uh to hold water in and trim 'em off good and put some big heavy wire around 'em you know or something another.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 And man # it'd hold water too of course you'd had to keep water in it. Keep it from drying out you know
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
543:  #2 leaking. #
Interviewer:  #1 I see. And you swell up and? #
543:  #2 Yes sir. That's right. Yes sir yes sir that's right sure. #
Interviewer:  Same thing as you're tell me about the wagon wheel?
543:  #1 Right right right yes sir yes sir. Me
and the ol' #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} Same principle. #
543:  fellas talked about that the other day. #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Um later on {NW} did you get metal pails?
543:  #1 Yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  later on we got metal pails. That's right. #1 To put 'em in. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # What did you call those? Uh uh.
543:  Well we'd call 'em uh galvanized buckets you know.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  and you use that for water or milk #1 or {X} #
543:  #2 Well we # used it for water mostly.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
543:  #2 And after a # while you know we went to getting some tin buckets we'd call 'em you know.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 {NW} # Sometime we get lard in 'em you know. Back there then you know. Uh {D: well whosoever wouldn't ha- uh would have to buy some lard.} But I'll tell you the- them buckets {D: were even down} scarce back there then #1 you know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  Yes sir #1 because #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  people just mostly raise their lard and stuff you know.
Interviewer:  Mm.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  I bet they became valuable.
543:  Oh oh right right. Yes sir that's right sure. #1 Yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 And uh # speaking of buckets what did you keep um the uh food in the kitchen that you were going to throw out to take to the hogs what what did you keep that in?
543:  Well we would get an ol' uh some kind of {C: audio distortion} old bucket. Just any old thing you know the old. Sometime we'd get a hold a old piece of pot or something other. {D: And it was} broke or something another and hold it you know to get in there but uh uh you ta- back there then uh we'd probably have some ol' {NW} see they made these here barrels and things. First one little ol' keg and another something another like that. There's homemade stuff all right {D: in there up you know.} #1 But #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  you take some people. It it it wouldn't wouldn't cost much you know to make some uh. Some of these people would make this stuff you know. Some of 'em was good about making this here homemade stuff then. #1 Back there then. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  Course you know it wouldn't wouldn't cost much and wouldn't cost much to make it and you didn't have nothing else to do and all.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 And # maybe that fella had something over there he wanted done. Somebody else would go over there and work a day or two for him. {X} A a wooden bucket or something another like that. {C: background noise}
Interviewer:  #1 I see made an exchange. All right. Uh-huh. #
543:  #2 I know he made. Right right. Yes sir. Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
543:  #2 # Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh what did you #1 call them that? #
543:  #2 Slop #
Interviewer:  #1 slop buckets. Yes sir to take. Yes sir. #
543:  #2 {X} # Take it to the hogs.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh did you you mentioned a coal oil lamp. Did you uh have anything else uh to make a light at night? Uh.
543:  Well I'll tell you what. {C: laughing} This pine I was #1 talking about. We #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
543:  made lights with that. #1 That's what #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  {D: Fact of the matter that was the biggest thing.} Now we have little coal oil lamps. We'd save that coal oil. We'd have them coal oil lamps to eat supper by.
Interviewer:  Oh.
543:  Yes sir. Set on the #1 table to eat #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  supper by.
Interviewer:  What did you call the pine uh in fact would you describe that?
543:  Well I'll tell you what now yes. {NW} {D: Just like it wood.} It's timber was not like it is now. Used to go out in the forest and all out there just anywhere and find ol' ol' trees you know. And the limb then broke off and they has a lot of heart in 'em. And a lot of 'em would blow down and maybe somebody cut some trees and got some logs off of it. And them limbs and that ol' log is man just a lot of heart and it's rich. {D: And just rolls 'em in it.}
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 Yes # sir. And you cut that you know. Oh man I just look like I can see them hills we'd been in back in there you know. And maybe the stump is rich you know and cut that stump out a- and cut pieces about so thick you know and about like that. Put 'em in the fireplace. And man that'll light up the house. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Really that? #1 {X} #
543:  #2 Oh # really really. #1 Man #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm. #
543:  that's right.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 Yes sir. # What little studying we done is by pine pine light. Put another little piece of pine in the fire.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 And that # #1 that you know about. You know about #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  {D: how what kind of a light} #1 it is. {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  #1 But if #
Interviewer:  #2 Did you ever # carry uh could you carry those around?
543:  #1 Yes sir. {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh. #
543:  {D: Get out} you know and that's what if you're doing traveling at night or something another get you a piece of pine pine torch. #1 Man you could #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  travel with that you know.
Interviewer:  Really bright?
543:  Oh yes sir. #1 Yes sir it #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  {D: did.}
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 And # uh when you uh after you got through with using the pine torches then you got to coal oiled lamps? #1 {X} #
543:  #2 Yes sir. # Right right. #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 And # uh then how long ago was it when you got electricity uh?
543:  Oh man it ain't been very many years ago. {C: laughing} #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  Course you know some people's had it.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 Electricity. # Yes sir.
Interviewer:  But not out in the country?
543:  #1 No sir no sir no sir #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  no sir #1 no sir #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  that's right it ain't been many years ago.
Interviewer:  What did they call these things when you first started to buy 'em uh?
543:  Well we'd call 'em light bulbs.
Interviewer:  You did now?
543:  #1 Yes sir. Right. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. Do # and you still do?
543:  #1 Oh yes sir uh really still call them that. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  Yes sir light.
Interviewer:  {NW} I was wondering if they called 'em lamps or uh
543:  Well they'd call #1 this #
Interviewer:  #2 bulb? #
543:  {D: here li-} lamps such as this but then this call that there there #1 above #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm.
543:  a light bulb.
Interviewer:  And uh {NW} what would you buy for say ten cents uh uh what would cost around a dime back then?
543:  #1 Back there then? Oh #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} Mm-hmm. #
543:  man ooh we'd get ooh man you'd get a lot of stuff for a dime then. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 Oh # yes sir man.
Interviewer:  {X} Not uh not inflation in those days #1 right? {NW} #
543:  #2 Oh man. # Ooh. oh fella yes sir {X} or these box of sardine man. Nickel a piece. {NW} Oh yes sir and big uh the salt these cans salt {D: on} boxes you know. {NW} {D: They they're for} nickel a package.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm. #
543:  #2 Oh # soda man yes sir. Nickel a {D: packet.} {D: Oh this} just just just lots back there then.
Interviewer:  So you thought really more about nickels and dimes than you did #1 {X} #
543:  #2 Well oh # right yes #1 sir yes sir sure. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} Uh-huh. #
543:  Sure that's right.
Interviewer:  And uh {NW} the thing that you put uh I think you said your mother had time to grow flowers.
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 too uh. #
543:  #1 Yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh. # And uh and then she she grew the flowers in the house in a what a? Uh. Did you say she grew the flowers in a pot?
543:  Well um I'll tell you we didn't have pots back there then. She'd uh get herself a old bucket. Some old #1 bucket #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  you know. It ain't no good for nothing you know and that's what we'd mostly grow 'em in or maybe get a oh a fruit jar or something another like that you know done cracked and w- ain't good to use for you know
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 uh # canning or something another like that you know.
Interviewer:  And the the fruit jar would be for cut #1 flowers? #
543:  #2 Oh yeah well # cut flowers you know of course maybe have some other little ol' flower you know to put in that you know. Maybe it growed it wouldn't get large or something another like #1 that. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  Yes sir them cut flower you know that's what they'd use for these here vases and #1 things. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #1 They'd they put flowers in. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. # By the way did you have to uh take care of all those flowers over at the?
543:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # #1 I thought of you the other day #
543:  #2 You say yes sir. # Yes sir that is right. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 And uh # in the uh in the kitchen uh uh what did she use to to cook eggs in uh?
543:  Egg?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
543:  Well {D: she maybe have have a ol''} skillet you know. {D: There they'd ha- they'd get a hold} a skillet you know to cook eggs in. Now I've seen 'em cook 'em in s- in uh just some kind of a little ol' pan. And but sometimes they'd have 'em be eh uh you know a lot of 'em have cooked 'em in just pans #1 just some kind of. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. Did # Does skillet have legs on it or uh?
543:  #1 Well now I'll tell you what now that #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  come on that come on way on up you know man. Uh people who {D: glare like that} skillets. Now skillets is got them legs on 'em like little legs on 'em you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Now man I remember back there then when they would eh had you know back then we never could get 'em. Everybody would have 'em they want 'em need 'em you know {D: but them did have 'em you know.} They'd set 'em on the fireplace you know and cook stuff in 'em you know. And of course you uh set 'em on the cookstove {D: while you'd mostly take the eye out} you know and let it go down closer to the heat.
Interviewer:  Uh what what is that uh thing that you'd uh put down in the eye uh take the eye out and then what what did you call that is that a pot?
543:  Pot well now yes sir. Yeah that's a pot. That's right. {C: background noise} #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Kettle or? #
543:  Well you got kettles and pots.
Interviewer:  #1 I'm not sure about the difference uh. #
543:  #2 It's different than a pot. # Oh yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh.
543:  A little pot it come up so high you know and this wide you know. And then it's got a lid you know. {D: the the} is made just set down on it. And them kettles they's kind of rounded you know and come up and they got a lid fastened on it. Just screw around like that and fasten the lid on it. Them ol' #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  kettle you know. And then it's got a neck to it. You pour water out of it you know.
Interviewer:  I see
543:  Yes sir now #1 that's a that's a #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #1 tea kettle. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mostly # #1 for #
543:  #2 Tea kettles. #
Interviewer:  water?
543:  #1 Yes sir yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  for water uh mostly #1 yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
543:  And that pot is just a open top you know. It sets down in there {D: uh in the} same eye that kettle sets in.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Did you uh # uh did you ever in later years uh say did your wife ever have that real fine uh dishes that you would almost see through they're so thin?
543:  Metal?
Interviewer:  Uh no uh these this made out of?
543:  #1 Glass. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  #1 Glass. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  What you call that {D: f- for.} Glass or fiberglass like. Oh I was did she ever have anything that she called china? Well no we didn't no sir we didn't but I've seen it you know. they have that at some people had that chinaware.
Interviewer:  Uh back when you were uh #1 child? {X} #
543:  #2 Yes sir just a few people # had it. That chinaware. But back there then you you hardly ever see any of #1 it. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  No sir.
Interviewer:  Did you ever see anybody uh uh use it in a nest to fool a hen?
543:  Oh yeah well uh yes sir. Man #1 that's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh really. #
543:  {D: C- nest egg.} #1 Nest egg. That's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 Nest egg. Did you ever # call it china?
543:  No sir #1 we didn't #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  back there then you know but oh that's what it was I guess.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 But. # We just called it a nest egg you know.
Interviewer:  And how about the uh things you eat with um a knife and
543:  Fork. Yes sir knife and fork you know.
Interviewer:  And
543:  #1 Spoons. #
Interviewer:  #2 and spoons. #
543:  Spoons. #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 And did you have uh # uh something they call case #1 knives? #
543:  #2 Yes sir. # We had some case knives small knives you know.
Interviewer:  Okay what uh I'm gonna change that.
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 I'm gonna ask # you about that.
543:  #1 Yes sir yes sir #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. Uh-huh. #
543:  sure that's right.
Interviewer:  And you said um you said just a second ago there that they had wooden handles #1 handles and? #
543:  #2 Yes # sir they had wooden handles that's right. {D: Just the knife and a} little ol' piece of wooden wood on each side of 'em handles on 'em.
Interviewer:  And uh said they had keys?
543:  {D: Yes sir they had keys too they had hole that} metal had holes in it. And put some little #1 keys #
Auxiliary:  #2 Michael. #
543:  through it and uh #1 grind it down. #
Auxiliary:  #2 {X} #
543:  #1 And all them had wood on 'em han- hand #
Auxiliary:  #2 {X} #
543:  {D: knives.}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And then the really sharp knives what would they be called uh?
543:  Butcher knives
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And
543:  {NW}
Interviewer:  uh later on when you uh got water in the house running water uh what did you what do you call the things you turn off and on with?
543:  Faucets.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh when you first #
543:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  first got it?
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh and uh if you have the same kind of thing on a barrel what do you call that? Uh.
543:  Well that's a faucet. Faucet too. Same thing in a barrel #1 faucet too you know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Now did you have if # somebody has one out in the yard they can hook a hose on while they are gardening.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  #1 Is that uh? #
543:  #2 Yes sir that's the # that's about the same #1 thing you know. Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. Right. #
543:  That same #1 thing. {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Ever hear anybody # call uh those uh spigots? Or are they all #1 faucets? #
543:  #2 Well I'll # tell you we would {D: uh just buy the ol''} faucets you know. {D: Yes sir come turn the faucet on out there.} Hydrant.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh in in the house uh without running water it must've been a chore to do the dishes uh
543:  #1 Oh yeah #
Interviewer:  #2 can you tell me # about that uh?
543:  Well I'll tell you yes sir. Uh you did have to bring water in in in buckets or something another. Uh fruit jars or {C: laughing} something another. Jugs or something like that you know and bring in there you know. To put in the dish pan.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Yes sir. {D: Get the} #1 dish #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  pan in there. We'd well you know a big pan. And put the dishes in there then and put the water in the kettle and {X} tea kettle and uh heat it you know and pour it in there and then get some cool water and cool it off to what you you know could put your hand in and wash 'em. #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm. #
543:  Get you a rag you know and wash them dishes you know {D: out and then have 'em uh} rag there to dry 'em off. #1 you know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # did you put 'em through a second water then or #1 {X} Too too hard? #
543:  #2 No sir. No sir. No sir. Just just # just just that's right. Just one water mostly.
Interviewer:  How about clothes uh after they did you have uh a second water?
543:  Yes sir yes sir they have two two buckets or two tubs {D: and once a day we had to} put 'em in #1 you know that's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  Yes sir. {D: Wash 'em out in the shed water you know then and put 'em over there in the rain shelter.}
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
543:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh for uh what did you use for towels? Uh mostly uh?
543:  Well we would use uh after we went well we didn't use {D: the fertilizer} but I remember us {C: laughing} using fertilizer sacks after we went to getting fertilize. But back then we didn't have none and so just uh {NS} {D: for} sometime we could find some uh uh cloth or uh just a white cloth there you know that they has in the store you know.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 And it's # just some kind of ol' thick cloth you know. {X} And then my mother would get it cut up you know for towel just in a small #1 piece. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # And the uh what did you use on your body would that be these fertilizer sacks?
543:  Man yes sir. #1 Yes sir after #
Interviewer:  #2 Is that right? #
543:  went to getting them there fertilizer sacks. That's right yes sir.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 Mother would # make 'em there shirts out of them there fertilizer sacks #1 you know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And and would would she make shirts uh I thought would she make towels or uh #1 or? #
543:  #2 Well after # {D: they} after went to getting that you know made shirts and uh
Interviewer:  #1 Mm. #
543:  #2 Yeah you # takes uh well back there then {D: well my man well} she'd take that there ol' uh stuff you know and I forget the name of that {D: cloth. And they said ducking.} But uh {D: domestic.}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  They call it {D: domestic. Yeah that's some} thick cloth you know. My mother made eh um clothes out of that you know underclothes out of that you know. And then maybe some of it you'd take it you know and uh maybe some kind of a dye something another. {D: Cannot seem to} get out. And uh make us some pretty yellow shades out of clay.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
543:  Right. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  #1 Out of clay. #
543:  #2 That's # dye.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
543:  #2 {X} # keep it from being so white you know and all. #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh. # There would be something in the clay that would #1 uh? #
543:  #2 Oh yeah # clay get in there good you know you can get out {D: there and uh just} in them some of them clay {D: gulleys that cut} what kind of color clay you want you know and weigh it you know. and put that cloth in there you {D: know and swaddle it around.} {D: and the- ta- and} she'd sorta put a little salt on it uh keep it in there and that I mean it'll stay soft.
Interviewer:  It would?
543:  Yes sir it #1 it wouldn't wash #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  out. #1 That's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 Um # Somebody uh told me that that they dyed cloth with walnut uh.
543:  Oh yeah man she'd take oh man yes sir. She took that and sh- and she took oak bark. and trimmed it and make make dye out of it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  I mean and them walnuts man yes sir they just just different colors #1 you know. #
Interviewer:  #2 It # would be the um see the #1 the outside is green? #
543:  #2 Outside outside. # Right right yes sir yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh what do you what do you call that uh?
543:  Hull the walnut hull the.
Interviewer:  And uh is that a green or would it be a brown?
543:  {D: No here it'd} be brown. {D: That uh} you know. course the outside would look green on the outside but in that hull you know why it's brown. I mean that get on your finger you can't hardly #1 get it off. Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # #1 I see. #
543:  #2 Brown is # you know on the inside {D: of it.}
Interviewer:  And uh she dyed clothes with that?
543:  Yes sir. #1 Yes #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  sir sure that's right.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  You know after them walnuts get in a certain stage it well it's it's pretty well brown all all the way through you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  {X} They ripe then you know.
Interviewer:  And uh if she took a little piece of cloth to the store and uh to show what kind of she wanted it for a dress what would she call that uh?
543:  A pattern. #1 They would take a #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
543:  pattern to you know to see what kind uh you know they would want like that #1 then. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # And if uh if it would be just not uh so much a pattern as just a little piece like #1 that? #
543:  #2 Oh yeah # just a little ol' cloth you know. {X}
Interviewer:  #1 Ever call that a? #
543:  #2 Sample. #
Interviewer:  #1 Sample. {X} #
543:  #2 Sample. Something like that. Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  So a sample would be small and a pattern would be?
543:  Yes sir lar- #1 lar- that's right. Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  #1 And uh #
543:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  uh what would she wear outside the over her dress to keep it clean uh?
543:  Apron. {C: laughing} #1 Apron. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh did # it come up?
543:  {X} Oh yes sir yes sir that's right. They'd wear them aprons {D: on.}
Interviewer:  #1 Up to their shoulders? #
543:  #2 Yes sir. # Yes sir. #1 Sure. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  That's right.
Interviewer:  And uh other things that women would would uh use uh what if your mother went to town uh what would she keep her coins in? Uh.
543:  Oh {C: laughing} {D: ol' bag or sack} or something like #1 that. A little ol' #
Interviewer:  #2 Is that right? #
543:  sack. Uh yes sir homemade sack or something #1 another yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Um and that # would it be just the same now as a
543:  {D: Pi-} uh purse #1 or pocket b- #
Interviewer:  #2 Sure. #
543:  billfold #1 or something there you know like that uh. #
Interviewer:  #2 And it would be uh # sturdy enough you wouldn't loose the coins out?
543:  Oh you see they they they'd know how to you know fold it down over the top and put um a drawstring in it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  That's right. Yeah put um a drawstring in it. They they'd fold it o- over the top and and and sew it down around there and and and run that string through around there you know and they'd pull it too you know. And it I mean it'd stay in there you know.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 Maybe # tie it there.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  #1 Yes sir it {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Did she uh have anything she'd wear around her #1 wrists or around the neck? #
543:  #2 Well some of 'em had a #
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  bracelets you know. Bracelets on the arm you know and then some beads.
Interviewer:  Did uh anybody did you ever hear anybody say talk about a pair of beads?
543:  Pair of beads yes sir.
Interviewer:  #1 What is {X} #
543:  #2 That's just one # string of beads you know. {X} You got on a pair of bead. {D: Just} call 'em a pair {D: but they just}
Interviewer:  #1 beads. #
543:  #2 Just one #
Interviewer:  #1 one s- #
543:  #2 One # one string #1 of bead. You #
Interviewer:  #2 string. #
543:  got on a pair of #1 beads. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 That'd mean the same # thing as a pair of {D: mules} huh?
543:  {NW} Yes right right yes sir. {NW}
Interviewer:  If um somebody uh if a woman liked to oh spend a lot of time in front of the mirror especially a young girl and she'd uh do something with her hair and you know all the rest. What would you des- how would you describe that?
543:  #1 What? #
Interviewer:  #2 Say she # sure likes to?
543:  {X} Comb her hair.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
543:  #2 Yes sir. # {D: We'd uh} combing her hair fixing her hair you #1 know. Fixing it. #
Interviewer:  #2 Fixing it? # Would you ever call that uh primp? #1 Uh. #
543:  #2 Primping. # Primping of course {D: that's that's} #1 that's what #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  they {C: laughing} mostly doing there. #1 They're #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  primping their hair #1 you know too uh. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh would you ever # say that about a man? {D: Won't you uh} would you ever say that about a man?
543:  Well uh no when back there then {D: when you know and all so he'd} just say combing his hair.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Yes sir cause he he wouldn't do much primping. He'd have it cut.
Interviewer:  I see.
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
543:  Yes #1 sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 And # uh the thing that you'd use to keep the rain off when you're go walking?
543:  He'd call it a umbrella. {NW}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And keep the sun off what uh #1 uh what would you use? #
543:  #2 A hat. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
543:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Well
543:  #1 Uh. #
Interviewer:  #2 you # carry some ladies used to carry things to keep the sun off.
543:  Oh yes sir. Uh we we call 'em #1 umbrellas. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # #1 And para- #
543:  #2 Parasol # that's that's what they call 'em parasols now.
Interviewer:  Oh I see this #1 parasol for {X} later I see. #
543:  #2 Parasol is the umbrella. Parasol. Yes # sir yes sir #1 that's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 Now would you # call them uh umbrellas?
543:  #1 Umbrella we #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  called them umbrellas #1 back there then you know. Yes and they c- uh #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. Uh-huh. #
543:  got a style they call 'em #1 parasol. #
Interviewer:  #2 I # #1 see more fancy. #
543:  #2 Oh # sure yes #1 sir yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  Uh yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh a uh the things that you uh now hold babies' diapers together with? You #1 pin 'em? #
543:  #2 Safety # pins.
Interviewer:  And uh did you ever in school uh oh let me show you this {NS} what did in school what did you use to write with um? Miss {B} gave me this #1 uh. Uh-huh. {X} #
543:  #2 Good grace. {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
543:  #2 That's # {D: my ink pen.}
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  Called it a fountain pen. {NW} Yes #1 sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh. #
543:  Fountain pen good {D: grace.} {NS}
Interviewer:  Hello? No you wanted to dial uh zero or three. {NS}
543:  Oh man that's that ink #1 pen. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  Yeah man. {D: that seem like way back yonder would be.}
Interviewer:  That's uh seen some use too I can tell.
543:  Sure sure sure #1 and it'll #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh. #
543:  still write you know. #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
543:  {X}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Dip it in there and {D: take.} #1 Well I see an ink pen. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see uh explain # how they used to use that in #1 school. #
543:  #2 Would she # call that a ink pen?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
543:  #1 Yeah uh that's right that's right yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh uh-huh. #
543:  {D: And and we we want to} call these here fountain #1 pens you see. That's right. Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh and uh-huh. # Did you use those when you were in school #1 or? No. #
543:  #2 Not # too much no sir. No sir we just used more pencils #1 of course. I'll #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  tell you what now uh back there then they'd use them at home writing letters to people you know and all but #1 we didn't use 'em #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh. #
543:  in school.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  #1 That's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  Now of course some of 'em might have did.
Interviewer:  Um uh do you happen to remember how you mentioned writing letters how how did they uh how did they write what did they write on the envelope? Uh did they have a did you use the same kind of thing that you do now?
543:  Oh well yes sir yes sir that's right. Sure. You know they back you know put their name on there and you know and where it all to go you know. #1 and all. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # Didn't have any zip codes then but uh?
543:  No sir. #1 No sir #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  there no no zip #1 codes. #
Interviewer:  #2 Did you have # have did you have to have a whole {NW} would you use your box number and uh uh did you have a route number or box
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 number? #
543:  #1 Yes sir yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
543:  #1 That's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
543:  {D: Yes sir after uh}
Interviewer:  And you you'd call that {X} say you sit down and you what?
543:  #1 Address #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  Address the address #1 the envelope you know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 And # uh the that information there would be called uh so you address the envelope then that that information would be called? Somebody your mother might say now don't forget to put on the?
543:  Envelope? Addre-
Interviewer:  #1 Uh. #
543:  #2 Uh. #
Interviewer:  I see. Or she?
543:  Address.
Interviewer:  You'd use the same word that you'd use use today right?
543:  Well yes sir yes sir. #1 Yes #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh. #
543:  sir yes sir. Sure sure that's right yes sir.
Interviewer:  Okay.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And now talk about men's clothes for a minute uh how about uh different parts to um say you go to the store you buy uh a new uh a whole new outfit what would you call #1 that? #
543:  #2 Suits. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
543:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And what would that what parts would you have?
543:  Well uh if you want just uh a suit of #1 clothes? #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  Yes sir. You'd have a coat and a pair of pants with a with a s- suit.
Interviewer:  Would you have anything under the coat?
543:  Uh a vest.
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  #1 Called it a vest. A #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} vest. #
543:  vest yes sir.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 Uh with # no sleeves {D: in it loop.} Come together with #1 buttons. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  Yes sir the pockets #1 on it. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  Yes sir we call that a vest.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  That'd go where the most of the people back there then you know and all. {D: They they that'll} took that to make that suit.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Course you can find suits now you know that no don't have it.
Interviewer:  Uh I I think vests are coming back. #1 Uh I noticed #
543:  #2 Well maybe that's. #
Interviewer:  uh noticed these young young people #1 walking around with uh. #
543:  #2 I know several of 'em. # Yes.
Interviewer:  {NW}
543:  {D: Yes sir like that old.} {NW} #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # How would you keep your pants up? How did you?
543:  Well uh well they'd get us a belt. Uh most of the time back there then they'd use these suspenders you know #1 to hold 'em up. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  But you know then some of 'em would have these belts in 'em you know around their waists #1 you know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  {D: They} put through in there.
Interviewer:  And uh what did you wear to work? Uh what would you use at work uh
543:  Well you mostly wear old overalls
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 to # work in. Them come plumb on up you know that bib on 'em. #1 you know. Yes sir them gallus #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh you have a bib on 'em? {X} #
543:  come over here and fasten on #1 there. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
543:  I li- like 'em. {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh did you did you ever have anything that you'd call uh jeans?
543:  Yes sir. Blue jeans they call 'em you know back there then #1 you know cause #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. #
543:  just waist pants you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  {D: They're kind of} made out of the uh cloth what this overall cloth made out of #1 you know. Ducking. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Uh so it'd be the overalls would be with the bib and the jeans would #1 {X} #
543:  #2 be be yes sir pants yes sir this # {D: chai-} uh jean blue jeans #1 they call 'em. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # And if somebody uh would fill up his uh coat so the pockets would go like this what would you say well look at his pockets?
543:  Sticking out or puffed out sticking #1 out you know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  Yes look at his pockets sticking out
Interviewer:  #1 there on his #
543:  #2 Uh #
Interviewer:  #1 coat. {X} #
543:  #2 Say uh what's #
Interviewer:  what's making your pockets bulge? Have you used that word? Uh what's making your pockets bulge so?
543:  Bulge out.
Interviewer:  #1 Bulge out? #
543:  #2 Yes # sir what's making your #1 pocket bulge out? #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # And when would you uh when your mother stopped making clothes and you started to uh buy 'em at the store. If you buy a new oh say a new shirt and first time you would wash it why uh it wouldn't fit anymore.
543:  No sir. #1 It's uh it's #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  done drawed up.
Interviewer:  #1 Is that uh. #
543:  #2 Yes sir # done {C: laughing} drawed up.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Did you ever use a word like uh shrink? #1 Uh. #
543:  #2 Shrunk # up. It's #1 done shrunk up to where it won't fit. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} Uh-huh. {NW} # {NW}
543:  Too little.
Interviewer:  I bet that happened.
543:  #1 Oh lots of times yes sir them shrunk up. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. Lots of times. Uh-huh. Uh-huh. #
543:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Um #
543:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # are you getting I can't believe it's this time #1 already. #
543:  #2 Man # how did that pass off thataway?
Interviewer:  Uh I was going to at one oh clock I actually I wanted to ask ask you if you wanted a #1 sandwich. #
543:  #2 No no # {D: no no no I'm making} fine. No sir. Thank you. #1 Thank you. If #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  you'd make it.
Interviewer:  I hear I really can't believe it's #1 uh #
543:  #2 Well. #
Interviewer:  it's so late.
543:  #1 I see #
Interviewer:  #2 I expected to # stop at one oh clock and uh ask you if you wanted a sandwich. #1 I forgot to. #
543:  #2 {X} No sir # thank you thank you. {D: We've make it} #1 no sir. {D: I said.} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. Well # you got a few minutes yet. Uh would you like to did you think of anything that uh that we haven't covered uh um that you'd like to to tell me about? #1 Anything {X} there that uh. #
543:  #2 Oh well. # {D: No and to} and and and I just um thought about {D: mentioning by then} building them houses you know and all. We'd get out there and cut them logs you know and and and trim 'em you know. Square 'em up you know and then cut notches in 'em that fit. And in some places we would cut you know them trees about eight or ten inches through them poplars some poplar. I've seen a lot of 'em. And they split 'em half open And stand 'em up edgeway. Take that ol' auger {X} and then got a just got a stick. Just stick it through there and that's what we'd bore holes in. Man you know it'd take a time to bore a hole through something {C: laughing} #1 like that. And then put #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah I I uh #
543:  {D: dry I drum a} peg to stick down in there you know. I mean them logs would stay there.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh # uh you mentioned that would that be that one other you mentioned that before how you used to make your own augers.
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh # do I understand you made 'em out of a hard wood?
543:  #1 Well uh. #
Interviewer:  #2 Or {X} or what uh? #
543:  Uh now now that's that's what w- we'd we'd {X} I mean uh we'd might have to buy one of them.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  {X} It's steel.
Interviewer:  Do you uh they you you bought the #1 auger? {X} I see. #
543:  #2 Yes sir. We'd buy the auger you know. It'd # be probably oh different sizes about about you know size of that or something another. And then it have a hole in it up there. {D: Just} stick a stick through it and that's the way we'd go around with it #1 you know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #1 That's that's the way we'd do. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  We didn't have that {X} #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
543:  neither no. {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 I see. And uh #
543:  #2 Electric drill or nothing. #
Interviewer:  So in order to to join two two planks you you'd uh draw uh you drill those wholes and then just put a #1 a peg in it. #
543:  #2 Peg # in it yes sir. #1 That's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 It would # really hold 'em?
543:  {D: Trim.} Oh yes sir. They'd #1 stay there. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  #1 That's right yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # Mm-hmm.
543:  And too I wanna {C: coughing} mention about that uh you know I couldn't think just {D: the other thing} about you know about how people you know would call one another you know and talk you know we'd talk to #1 one another and everything. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yes I'd # I'd like to uh #1 {X} #
543:  #2 Man it's # funny I laugh about it you know {C: laughing} back in that there time. Course that's all I ever know you know and all you know how people you know I said what the white people that you know said about us if we if they liked us you know and uh how we'd say about them if we #1 liked them and then all you #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. Right. #
543:  know what we'd call 'em you know {C: laughing} and all.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  And so if I {C: laughing} said we did call us you know niggers of course we'd {D: kid around when we could. We'd} call them all rednecks or #1 something another. Pecker wood #
Interviewer:  #2 Redneck. #
543:  or something. If you didn't like one of 'em. #1 But if you liked #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  one of them. Here's here's the funny part about it was that uh {NS} we would say mister and yes sir and no sir to 'em. Mister so and so you know {D: and that was all then.} But the way they would say it to us {NW} man {C: laughing} is uncle or auntie. {NW}
Interviewer:  Is that right?
543:  That's right. #1 yes sir. Uncle and aunt. Yeah the that's the #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. They they showed respect {X} #
543:  that's the way they would show their respect you know. #1 Of course and #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  sorta always it wasn't funny because that's #1 all we knowed you know the way. {C: laughing} #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. #
543:  They wouldn't say yes sir no sir to us you know you know. But I'll tell you but
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  you know yeah no and so {D: uncle. It would be you know put age before it you know.} {NW} Or they'd say uncle or auntie. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Do they do that uh today yet #1 uh? #
543:  #2 Well I uh # {D: mean you know what they gonna} well sir man that started it. {C: laughing} This started d- man yes {D: sir now look at this.} The way they done started saying you know mister.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  And miss. But there's one thing about it I I can't {NW} I don't like about it is that the young peoples and they don't treat 'em t- teach 'em to say it. Mister. And yes sir and no sir. #1 They don't #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  do that much. Uh of course {D: they I mean another word they even say mister} pretty well you know about like that. But I'm saying yeah they say yeah no to you.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 I d- # I just can't get used to it.
Interviewer:  Yeah. #1 {X} Yeah no to everybody is. #
543:  #2 Yeah no. Right right right. That's what # I mean you know. {D: But then yous going to stand there mister.} #1 They call you #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  mister you know mostly. #1 They they uh #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  most of 'em {D: gonna} teach them in saying that you know. That they didn't back {D: there} you know of course.
Interviewer:  Did you uh did they use the word kids #1 when you #
543:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  were young uh?
543:  Children. #1 Children. Chillun. Chilluns. #
Interviewer:  #2 Children. {X} Chilluns. #
543:  Chilluns.
Interviewer:  Uh kids is not uh you didn't hear that #1 word. {X} #
543:  #2 No sir. No sir. # No sir that's that's that's style.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. {X} #
543:  #2 {NW} # That's style now. {C: laughing} Kids. {NW} #1 You call 'em #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  chilluns. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # Do anything uh do any other expressions come back to you that you used to use uh especially colored people with other colored people so that uh oh just different jokes and expressions and things like that. Uh any of those things come back for you?
543:  Well I'll tell you whatsit I've had several you know that come around but uh you know like I had some of 'em left me you know that I thought I would mention about it but. Yes sir And to back there we were talking about the law and all you know. {NW} And uh back there in them time if uh I say I call 'em colored fellow must be working for {D: or a} white man or living on his place or something what he'd tell them. #1 And that's #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  the way that it went. {D: They were} you go there and if you get into it over there why make it back over here. says if you stay out of the cemetery I keep you out of the plantation.
Interviewer:  I see. {C: laughing}
543:  And that did do it. #1 {NW} That's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh I see. Uh-huh. # How did uh how did they work uh? Was that share work or #1 sharecropping or {X} #
543:  #2 Uh that that that was the # ooh that was the biggest thing. Yes sir that's right. Sharecropping. #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  Give them half they make you know. Live on a fella's places you know like that and give 'em half they make.
Interviewer:  Then then out of that half you you buy your #1 food. Or that you use it for your clothes. #
543:  #2 Yes that's sir right. Uh right that's what you'd live on. Right. #
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
543:  #2 Yes sir. # Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh {NW} suppose you you just stay there in the house as long as you and the other man got #1 along? #
543:  #2 Yes # sir that's right that's right. #1 Just on and on #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  Man stayed for years people have #1 you know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  Yes sir that's #1 right. #
Interviewer:  #2 Would # they ever uh would you ever have your own mule or or um?
543:  Mm man not much. Not all that much. Now there there would be be a some few you know would buy a place out you know. Small place or something like that you'd you know. They'd have for their own you know.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 But # they just the most of 'em man just live on the other fella's place you know and just just stay there and work work work #1 you know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  and give 'em half they make well. {NW} Uh and probably they wouldn't make enough to pay out. Or they part. Just stay on and on and on. That would just {D: be up} on and on and it would just.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. So it'd be pretty important to to uh have a good man uh. #1 Good. That's right. That's right. Yes sir. Yes sir. That's right. #
543:  #2 {X} Otherwise he could #
Interviewer:  he could cheat #1 you uh. #
543:  #2 Uh. # {D: Oh yeah.} {NW} He did a lot. {C: laughing} #1 Uh they uh. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  That's that's the way. that's right yes sir.
Interviewer:  Just part of the.
543:  Yes sir well what else could I do? Just stay on there.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 Go # {D: beyond well that's that's} that's that's about the way it is. Yes #1 sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  And um oh man. {D: And I know} my daddy done it one time and that's the reason I'm I'm saying it to you. {NW} He we- that's the way we did is he he he a lots work on the other fella's place {D: that's where you and I say. We'd} go on the fella's place and clean it up and everything and all. And well they get it cleaned up and everything well. {D: Yeah.} {NW} They didn't have much more to do with this work well. Uh he'd say well you owe so much and you never pay it and all so well they got it fixed up there. And he'd go somewhere else. He bought a place over there from a fella. And we was going ahead and working and paying for the place and bolts and stocking everything and then pay the lots on it and said well the man just come in and say well George say you just can't pay for this place. {D: You just will uh} let me have it back he said. I just I'm gonna just take it back. #1 Took it back #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  {D: and that's the way that it going on.}
Interviewer:  #1 And you couldn't do anything? #
543:  #2 Oh n- # never what n- {D: you go beyond well that's you and that man. That's all of it.}
Interviewer:  {X} That's just.
543:  Oh well well that things that's just the way things #1 works that's all. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Yeah. But they treat uh do you think that they treat white farmers the same way uh #1 uh sure. #
543:  #2 Yeah they did. # Yes sir. #1 yes sir you know #
Interviewer:  #2 {x} #
543:  poor people's poor people. Right yes sir. #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  {D: Done been around 'em.}
Interviewer:  #1 So #
543:  #2 Right. Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  just uh just #1 got a meanness in 'em uh. #
543:  #2 Oh yes sir # that's all I know.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 You know # just that's just their way of
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Kind of would take a lot of uh a lot of Christian charity {D: would it.} #1 {NW} #
543:  #2 Right right right. # That's right. {D: That's where I says} things changed up so so much now.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  Okay if you had it to do over again would you like to grow up now or would you just as #1 soon {X} #
543:  #2 Well # it's hard to tell. {C: laughing} In {D: waves} you know. Well you said just take it the whole way round.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 Oh well. # Oh well I'm gonna tell you. I'd go back. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  You would go back.
543:  I'd go back.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Well probably oh well {D: this is to good there's a lot to that though.} If I was helped back in you know in everything oh wealth and uh able bodied and everything you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  And but up now uh I couldn't go through couldn't go through now what I have went #1 through. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm.
543:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Uh yo- young people oh don't have that kind of thing that somebody cheating them all the time though. That's they #1 the way that you have a chance to get ahead wouldn't you? #
543:  #2 {X} Oh yeah uh that # man as much of a chance. #1 and they don't use #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. #
543:  it a lot of them. That's what that's what #1 ooh gets on me. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  {D: Give you a} chance now man that's #1 right. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. It's different in that way but uh on the other hand there.
543:  {NW} #1 That's it that's it that's it. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  Yes sir yes sir.
Interviewer:  #1 Innovations #
543:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  that you had to put up #1 with uh uh today {X} #
543:  #2 Sure sure sure. That is right. # Yes sir. Yes sir. Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  So your children uh all left and and and n- none of your children are.
543:  Well there's none. Other words #1 they are not in the #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  house with me. {D: Oh there there is} some there you know close to around live on the place you know I give 'em a acre a piece there you know.
Interviewer:  Oh.
543:  It's uh three three living right there. Yes sir. #1 And uh #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  they they they got their little ol' house there you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  {D: And that's it public working.}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And your wife is she in pretty good health?
543:  No sir. No #1 Oh she isn't? #
Interviewer:  #2 sir. No sir. No #
543:  sir no sir.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
543:  #2 No sir. # She stayed in the hospital last spring good bit. #1 Yes. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  in bad health. And she just stayed around the home now she tending to two of the little grand chillun there you know.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
543:  #2 #
Interviewer:  And your health seems to be very good or #1 {X} #
543:  #2 Oh man that's # what people will say but I ain't near well as I look. {C: laughing} #1 Then I'd be #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  some old {X} some kind of construction work now.
Interviewer:  Oh.
543:  Oh I've done a lot of it just for little or nothing. Ooh man.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 That's right. # And I know what to do and how to do and everything you know and all. Could get a job anywhere anytime but it wasn't paying nothing. And so now it's paying something and I ain't able to do it.
Interviewer:  {X}
543:  #1 That's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
543:  That's right yes sir yes sir #1 sure. #
Interviewer:  #2 I # guess the the good wages
543:  #1 Right right man that's #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  what I look at you know.
Interviewer:  #1 And uh #
543:  #2 And these people that # can do it won't do it.
Interviewer:  There uh you look around Oxford and this building up so fast
543:  #1 Right right. Oh
 man that is right yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 construction all around. {X} Go up # up to highway seven
543:  {NW}
Interviewer:  and there's this great big uh developments there.
543:  Yes sir. #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  Sure.
Interviewer:  Um I don't know where all the money comes from is a lot of it #1 {X} #
543:  #2 I don't know. # {X} It look like it is. Man. I think sometimes {C: laughing} I don't know what the government gonna do directly. {C: laughing} I mean oh man way back out here {NW} I'd say about three miles back in here on a little dirt road on the camp ground road we call it you know. And man they building houses and they're big houses. {C: drawn out} {D: Cutting those} roads to 'em you know. just building that country up. It'll be in town. {D: Here's a} town over here #1 directly. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # In fact uh it seems to me Oxford is all the way out practically to Taylor.
543:  Yeah right right right yes sir it's moving on out. #1 Just keeps building on both ways #
Interviewer:  #2 Just keep building out. Mm-hmm. #
543:  all the way up. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  You mentioned um uh ms {B} out on the campground road. I never did get out there #1 is? #
543:  #2 Well. #
Interviewer:  Uh is she uh does she have let's see did you tell me she has a high school education or?
543:  I believe that woman do have.
Interviewer:  Uh would you tell me more about her uh I what I'm what I'm thinking is this uh I have just just one uh I've got two white uh interviews and just one black #1 and uh #
543:  #2 Yes sir. # I see.
Interviewer:  I'd like to have somebody uh maybe a woman. And uh since you're a man it's probably a good thing to have a woman and have oh uh uh you you've done a lot of farming and so if you could think of some woman who would uh well you're working uh maybe a teacher or work in the post office or something like that
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Would be # an interesting kind of balance uh.
543:  Sure.
Interviewer:  Or just like I interviewed {NW} a school teacher a white school teacher and then uh a white farmer.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And I interviewed you now I'd like to balance so if you can think of any.
543:  A teacher she's she's #1 uh #
Interviewer:  #2 Or # or uh it doesn't doesn't have to be a #1 teacher but #
543:  #2 Well #
Interviewer:  doesn't matter if she's. What is this ms {B} done uh?
543:  #1 Uh she #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  farmed most of the time you know. #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 She farmed? #
543:  And then she's just a midwife. And I'll tell you what now my I got a sister in law out there she taught students she done retired now. and I would just oh if you just had time to go out there and just talk with her and see whether you would you know wanna wanna use her you #1 know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  I she done retired.
Interviewer:  #1 She did huh? #
543:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  Is she uh did she grow up in this county? #1 {X} She did? #
543:  #2 Oh yes sir right right just # raised right over here in the edge of town. Right over here.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh I'd like to uh if you tell me how to uh to uh get in touch with her.
543:  Oh yes sir {D: yes she's still right outside of ms} not very far {D: out on the other side of ms} {B} around there. Corner of Montgo- well in other words his na- Her name is {D: Uneeda} {B} {D: Uneeda} {B} and her husband name {D: Quinum} {B} Her husband.
Interviewer:  And they're on the {B}
543:  I tell you what {D: though if y- you} go out there uh you can go either way. Uh well you can go out this a way I this way I'm gonna tell you this way. you just go out there and hit {B} road and know about where it is over here you know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  And go in down there about oh easily about about a mile from thirty round {B} road you get down that way sir.
Interviewer:  And that's it?
543:  to the right
Interviewer:  #1 Go off to the right? {X} #
543:  #2 Yes sir go out # here you know. {NW} little John's store where you know where that that place is there you know. That little ol' {D: cream colored like about this that's} {B}.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  You turn there it's just about a mile around that road there. And he lives on the right side you get around that where you see some trucks and trailer and tractors. And he live in a white house to the right there. Yeah you'll see a lot of ol' truck a lot of trucks and tractors and to the left there in front of it is two or three trailers there.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
543:  And of course {NW} uh if you wanna call her and talk to her you could do that you know.
Interviewer:  I I was gonna say is she in the phone book?
543:  #1 Oh yeah her hu- uh her husband #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh. Here? #
543:  has a phone uh you know yes sir. {X} {B}.
Interviewer:  {NW}
543:  And I can call her and tell her so she {C: laughing} you know how some peoples be you know but #1 I don't #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. #
543:  think she'd be because she she's uh {D: Q let's see see.} It's it's in the it's in the M's. {D: Quinum} {B}
Interviewer:  Let's see. Maybe I'm not spelling it right.
543:  {D: Quinum} {B} See now I have to {C: laughing} get the #1 glasses see. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh. #
543:  {B}. Oh yeah oh I don't know let me see now. I can't keep it in my head this is in the M's and
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
543:  M to E M uh M-C. let's see let's see Wait now wait now. Where would the M-C {D: be now.} {X} {B} {X} #1 Uh here's {X} right there. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh there he is. There he is. #
543:  #1 Right there. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # {B}
543:  That's right.
Interviewer:  Uh. {B}
543:  #1 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 Um # would you have time to call her now or is it about two oh #1 clock? #
543:  #2 Well uh # I c- I could have time to call her now and tell her you know just uh.
Interviewer:  Okay.
543:  just uh you know you think you'd #1 go out when uh #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
543:  sometime uh and if she would #1 you know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Whenever # she uh would like.
543:  She's babysitting too around there everyday. {BEEP}
Interviewer:  {X} Okay uh #1 {X} #
543:  #2 {X} # {X}
Interviewer:  {X} house? {BEEP} {NW} {NW}
543:  {X} how you doing? Oh I'm getting old. {NW} You done got old before? {C: laughing} {NW} {NW} Oh yeah. {C: laughing} Oh yeah I'm going through this exercise talking about these old {NW} {D: Uneed} listen I'm I'm I'm finishing up my tape here telling back in them olden times with a man here and he wanna know somebody you know probably that you know out you know and you know old peoples like us {NW} to talk about them olden times. {D: And Uneed} would you be interested in talking with him and he wanna tape it you know. {D: He gonna share it} Chicago. {C: laughing} {NW} Yeah. {C: laughing} Yes yes uh-huh yeah. Yeah and some of 'em told him about ms {B} and all so we just got to talking about peoples and everything you know. And uh about you and how you used to teach school and all and but. Uh huh. {D: Uneed yeah.} And I yeah. Well listen I you know thought I'd ca- call you know cause so much junk going on {D: you know we I that that's right.} {NW} {NW} I don't blame you. Yes and uh well listen then if you will then I'm gon- I'm I'm here in his office now. And or well his office here in this uh you know in the motel. No in the motel uh. Yeah. And so listen if you would talk and you know and he'd tell you about what it is here and he I'll I'll let him talk to you now and so it it's all right because I done been up here and put up my hours. {NW} All right dear. Well now listen I'm gonna let him talk to you now. All right.
Interviewer:  {X} #1 Thanks very much. #
543:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  Hello ms {B} uh my name is mister {B} and uh right I'm interviewing uh people who grew up in this county and uh I'd like to ask uh a lot of questions about oh family life and uh school life church life and farming and things like that. And I certainly would like very much to talk to you if you've got any time. Well we are putting together a uh what's called uh an atlas and we ask about the same questions in different parts of the country and we're comparing the different terms and expressions and words that uh we we find. New England has been done and uh we're now doing the southern states. And uh I I should explain to you as I did to uh mister {B} I'm I'm not selling anything. And uh I'm just trying to collect this information and take it back to the university. Right uh the Emory University in Atlanta is collecting it and the University of Chicago is the headquarters. Eventually it eventually it will yes the New England states uh yes in fact I'll bring you the book out if you'd like to see it. It has been published and uh there are a series of maps and charts to the terms and expressions and uh it's really an exercise in language history as a matter of fact uh trying to compare the different uh regions according to their settlement patterns and and uh the south is really the most interesting place because it's one of the oldest uh settled areas in the country. Well I appreciate that very much uh would this afternoon {NW} be good or? {NW} Excuse me. Uh All right uh I'll try to be out there around say three oh clock. Three thirty. All right I'll see you then. Thank you very much bye. {NW} Yes I really {X} #1 {X} #
543:  #2 I see yes sir. # #1 And uh. #
Interviewer:  #2 She sounds # uh just an ideal {NW} kind of uh uh person to talk to because then I can #1 balance up you know a man and woman and #
543:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  your interests are #1 different and. #
543:  #2 That's right. # Sure sure. #1 sure. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} very # good.
543:  Yes sir I #1 love talking to her #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh. #
543:  myself now. That's #1 that's my sister in law. #
Interviewer:  #2 Um. #
543:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # Three thirty.
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  This afternoon.
543:  Well listen did you you got about uh all the white folks that you was wanting or you gonna try to get some more?
Interviewer:  Well {NW} I think uh I've got {NW} I think those two would probably be #1 enough or did you have some others #
543:  #2 Be enough. #
Interviewer:  #1 somebody else in mind or? #
543:  #2 Oh no I'll tell there's a # a man and me and this man around here worked in around here in this food stamps center. Of course we growed up together some but he's much younger than I am. and it's a white man down at {X} spring. I don't guess you know where it is. Out #1 these here about #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
543:  sixteen miles.
Interviewer:  Mm.
543:  And he's a big talker and man and talked way back. He's a old man now done retired and everything.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
543:  #2 I # tell you he's a talker. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Well that's uh uh. I #1 {X} #
543:  #2 Well I'll # tell you what if you think you might need him sometime then I could the way he live #1 and everything. #
Interviewer:  #2 Well that'd be fine. #
543:  #1 Well yes sir you know if you think you might would I'll be ready. #
Interviewer:  #2 Alright uh-huh uh. # mister {B} I really can't thank you enough for your help I mean
543:  #1 Oh yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  #1 Anytime I {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Not only uh {X} # help but I really enjoyed
543:  #1 Well of course of course yes sir yes sir yes sir that's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 working with you. Uh yeah. # Very clear and very interesting and I certainly #1 can't thank you enough. #
543:  #2 {X} # #1 Yes sir sure sure you #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  welcome welcome. yes #1 sir. {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Um. # And I certainly wish you the very best and I hope you uh #1 your health improves and {X} #
543:  #2 Yeah. {X} Yes sir I I I # hope so then yes sir. #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 I suppose # you'd get more sympathy if you didn't look look so healthy.
543:  #1 Well maybe so #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  {D: yeah uh uh that's right.}
Interviewer:  #1 I know you looked uh big and #
543:  #2 Yes sir that's it. #
Interviewer:  strong and vigorous. #1 {NW} #
543:  #2 Sure. # that's right I've been telling 'em I was gonna retire start to retire two uh sixty-two. {NW} And and some of 'em well the ol' lady work there on the other side no no no I wouldn't quit work I was you I say why you look you look like you so healthy and everything #1 I said #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  I don't feel it {D: oh I wouldn't be able to keep on you know we trying to make it to sixty-five.} {NW}
Interviewer:  Well
543:  #1 Well #
Interviewer:  #2 you're uh # you'll be sixty-five say next month.
543:  Uh to uh May yes sir. #1 May. May. The twenty-ninth of May #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. {X} #
543:  yes sir. #1 And really I'm gonna #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  tell you what too man that's another thing. I believe in the way I always c- come up into here not long ago I went out here to get my school {D: ce- uh} {D: uh uh} my birth c- {NW} birth certificate. It got b- blowed away in a storm out yonder. Married license everything you know. so in my mother's house. And so I didn't have any had to go in and get the school record. and man they got it messed up up there you know and uh and that's what showing it now. This coming May I'll be sixty-five. {D: Well I I'm} I'm I think I'm a year older than that #1 you know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh. #
543:  And they they they tried to find you know my name there you know and everything but as a child between me and one of my sisters you know and it's not and that of me you know that would make me a #1 year year older. But I don't know #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh. Yeah. {X} #
543:  {D: this these old people and just} just didn't have it fixed up #1 right and that's just how they. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. And there's # probably nobody left to uh
543:  No no no no no #1 sir no sir no sir that's right. Sure no sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} Uh-huh. {X} #
543:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Well when you do retire I sure how you enjoy it.
543:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  #1 Well I'll still #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  try to work #1 as long as I can do it can though. {C: laughing} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh uh-huh. #
543:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Well I uh #1 uh #
543:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  hope you have real pleasure out #1 here. {X} #
543:  #2 Well all right then thank you # so much then yes sir. and I think you can find that place out there. You just go on up there until you get to some tractors #1 and uh you know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Tractors on the right. #
543:  #1 Yes sir there there's a house there's a white house there on the right there. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. White house. Uh-huh. #
543:  Right there at them trucks and.
Interviewer:  #1 How I probably {X} probably. #
543:  #2 Yes sir. Oh no sir no sir. # No sir. #1 I don't think you want {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
543:  {X} #1 that's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
543:  Well I go then
Interviewer:  #1 All right. Well thank you. {X} #
543:  #2 and so I'll be seeing you {X} you take notes and # {D: go with that man or} #1 something uh. #
Interviewer:  #2 Very very much. #
543:  #1 You can you can come around and try that. #
Interviewer:  #2 All right. I I'll do that # #1 I'll do that. Okay well thanks again. {X} #
543:  #2 And yes sir. Yes sir. All right. Well I'll see you. Good luck to you. #
Interviewer:  Bye. Thanks a lot.