Interviewer:  Uh what would you call mr Moran a something that is larger than a hill? Something higher than a hill?
625:  Uh well I I guess a a a mountain would be one thing.
Interviewer:  Okay. And if you came to the edge of a mountain and it and it drops off real sharply you know and there was a big long drop what would you call that it's rocky and everything?
625:  Well uh I guess you'd call it a a steep steep {D: hallway} no steep s- slope {D: down} Very steep uh {X} place where you couldn't hardly c- climb up you know it's too call it very steep place mountain is steep you know? There's some place on one side that'd be steep the other place they'd be side may be level you see?
Interviewer:  Uh up in the mountains if you found a road that went through a low place between the mountains would you have a name for that? Or you could al- this would also be the name of a maybe a a deep hollow you cut out of a piece of wood.
625:  Well u- usually they call that between two hill like that a valley you know?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
625:  A valley goes through, between two mountains.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um well if it okay if it was kind of winding around
625:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. What would you call a place where boats stopped and were unloaded?
625:  Uh dock.
Interviewer:  And what would you call a place where a large amount of water would fall over? A long distance.
625:  Uh well a waterfall.
Interviewer:  Um now can you tell me about the types of roads you had? What would you call a a hard white paved road?
625:  Well at at one time of course you know they had nothing but a wagon trail. Then after that we had they built push out the stump then some of 'em would cut 'em out and and grate it up and uh put put gravel over it, that's all that and a good road. And later on they'd come along and uh and uh built better roads that uh {D: travel} tear up those roads and get the rest of the stump that didn't get out there before you know? They'd dig 'em up with a big machine
Aux:  Is Donald here?
625:  What?
Aux:  {X} Is she over here?
625:  No ain't nobody here.
Aux:  I'm gonna get my pictures while I'm here.
Interviewer:  Okay well go ahead you were you were talking about roads.
625:  Yeah. And uh the- then they at later then they come along and they'd they'd tear up this ground and built it up make sure that uh the big old soft place in it. They'd tear they'd uh {X} uh start a little bit harsher then he glide down and plow it and tear it up get all the root and everything out and then they'd uh uh uh build uh the gravel road and they lay it on, they'd come and they finally come and then uh and then wind these road and do the same thing that they'd put uh uh gravel on it and let it set good and then they'd come back maybe a year after and put blacktop on it but and uh some {X} later after putting there they'd put some {D: finer} gravel in it uh call it oh maybe ten months a year after there they'd uh put a little tin {D: put a car on it} uh tar on it and put some uh fine pea gravel over it you know and they they'd call that uh uh uh when they sh- finishing touch to it you know? And then they'd seal it, they'd seal the wo- the dirt the water wouldn't go through it there the tar you see?
Interviewer:  Um what would you call a little road that goes off of the main road? Say maybe a road that went off the main road somewhere.
625:  Well they'd call that a little little c- country road you know?
Interviewer:  Okay. Um suppose you went to a man's farm or his house and you got off of a public road and came to the turnoff going down to his house or it was on that man's land, what would you call that road?
625:  Well {D: it} you'd call it a some of it would be a private road for his house, a a community road you know? Maybe past two or three houses and get to his house.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um uh what would you what's what what is it on the side of the street that people walk on in towns? Do you have a name for that?
625:  Well they have a maybe a cement walkway you know?
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  That's special for people to walk on.
Interviewer:  Okay. And did you have a little name for the wha- I mean did you know what did you ever see a strip of grass between the between the sidewalk and the the cement walk and the road? What'd you call that? Did you ever have a name for that?
625:  Well uh if it was uh black uh if it was a cement a blacktop road there usually wasn't nothing growing in there to grow the the the road'd be {X} kept the grass from growing in the ditch you see? And that uh then they usually pull that every year the sand and then they pick it up they'll pull the ditch a little even with the up to the gravel and then they'll have a scoop and come and pick that up you see?
Interviewer:  Um if you were walking down the road and a dog jumped out at you but you didn't have a stick or anything like that what would you do?
625:  Well I
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
625:  #2 tell ya # I I wouldn't run from it I'd I'd charge him I'd I'd get after him. I'd I'd get right {D: down} fighting I'd take my hat a- and and uh run ou- run him and run him out out the way or {D: shake them} I have went in every yard in Hancock County and part of Harrison County there {X} and Hancock County from three to five six different times and I never stop at the gate, I'd {X} a dog uh one went to one place one guy told me he wouldn't go in the house for nothing in the world, that yard and the dog was sitting on the there was nobody there. {D: he} wanted to go there and put them things {X} cuz I'll go in there I went in there and I opened the gate that dog was sitting on that porch and I told him get out there, you go back in the back go it get out get away from here, he went on the {D: magnum} {X} and he I never did see him no more, I never stopped at the gates for a dog in my life. I neve- a dog know just as well as you do when you're scared of him.
Interviewer:  Would you might pick up a rock and you'd
625:  No I never picked up nothing I just get out, get after him and get I said get away you Then he he maybe there was a act straight up and he'd get away from that too. {NW} He never did now some people won't go in the yard for nothing in the world but I had done that a many times.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now if but if you wanted to scare off a bird or something like that a bird from a tree you might pick up a rock and what would and you would do what?
625:  Oh yeah you'd {D: thr-} throw it at him and and naturally that'll run him off.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um if you went to someone's house and uh and they weren't there or you went to someone one's house and he isn't there if someone came to the door of the house they'd say no he's he
625:  He's not home?
Interviewer:  Okay. Um or if they let you in the house and you were in the front room say the living room and they were the and sh- they were in the back maybe it in the kitchen they would say to you she's
625:  She's uh she's in the kitchen come on come on back in the in the back she's in the kitchen.
Interviewer:  Um now talking about putting milk in coffee some people like like coffee
625:  They call it they like th- black without sugar in it some of 'em would take sugar. Coffee with sugar. Some of 'em would take coffee with cream and sugar.
Interviewer:  Okay. Some of it li- some people like it with and other people like it
625:  You mean coffee?
Interviewer:  Yeah. Some people like it with milk or sugar
625:  #1 Oh yes some #
Interviewer:  #2 some people li- #
625:  people like it with milk
Interviewer:  And others like it
625:  With s- with sugar and milk. And some people liked it without sugar.
Interviewer:  O-
625:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 -kay #
625:  or mil- or milk either one.
Interviewer:  Okay. If someone is not going away from you they're coming
625:  Coming to me.
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Or coming tow-
625:  Towards us.
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Um if you hadn't seen someone in a long time and uh you uh you met him in town, instead of saying you met him you'd say I ran in town I ran
625:  I ran ac- across a friend of mine.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh if a child is given the same name as her mother you would say that they named the child
625:  After his mother.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now uh if you were gonna call your dog to attack another dog what would you say to it? Do you have a word?
625:  Yeah I'd call him by name, I'd say come here c- come here followed by whatever I call him I said come here and I'd say and then he'd come uh he I say get him, I'd put him right in and say get him, {D: get him} I mean he he take action too.
Interviewer:  Did you ever have a name for a mixed-breed dog?
625:  Uh well uh I guess I have.
Interviewer:  You know a worthless kind of dog or one that was kinda offspring of two different dogs?
625:  Yeah. I had one offspring with two uh had a little puppy about two weeks old and my oldest grandson dropped it and it fell on his head and and uh {X} that that his head swole a little bit. And I told him he'd busted he'd just learn to talk I said and everybody was was trying to pick him up and telling me leave that poor boy you'll hurt him then And that dog's name stayed Bobo, we called him Bobo. And then he had a we had offspring from him two of 'em and everybody then they called him Bobo from different dogs you know? They was three different dogs went by that name.
Interviewer:  So so uh you might call it a dog a worthless dog or a dog that you just found or something that was wandering around you'd call them a what? A mongrel or a bobo?
625:  No no uh uh uh we'd call them a stray dog you know?
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  This is one I raised I mean I some I'd raise, I had another one {D: them} I'd call him Ned and at night he'd wake me up if possums come round there and he he he wake me up so I could I'd go out there and he he never attacked 'em when I got out there, when I'd get that I'd say get him Ned. He'd never stop me kill that possum too, he'd get to where he'd kill 'em.
Interviewer:  If uh if a dog was fierce and always like to bit peo- bite people would you say if a boy came up to him and you'd say the boy was
625:  Bit by the dog?
Interviewer:  Yeah or you say he got
625:  He got scared of the dog.
Interviewer:  Yeah okay. Um now in a herd of cattle what would you call the male?
625:  Well uh that is uh {X} the room we used to work in we'd have a a a a bull and had oxen then they would castrate it a- and and uh {X} and feed 'em they call 'em steer steer you see.
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  Then uh uh uh one they'd keep a male they'd keep for breeding they call him a bull. And the one of course that they they usually I know a lot of people up there now will keep the steer 'til about a year old and they'll castrate him and they call them steers then they feed 'em good and then they sell 'em to the butcher you see? Um did you ever have another name for a for a for a bull around a woman, you'd call 'em around a woman? You ever have a polite name you'd use around woman women? For a for a bull or do y'all just always call them a bull? Well uh some some of 'em would ca- call 'em a a male y- ya know?
Interviewer:  Okay. Now uh a little one when it's first born is called a
625:  A a calf.
Interviewer:  Um now riding animals are called
625:  Well horses mostly what they'll
Interviewer:  #1 Okay and #
625:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
625:  #2 #
Interviewer:  a female is called a
625:  A mare.
Interviewer:  Alright. And a male is called a
625:  A horse. If he's uh castrated if he's kept a horse well maybe he's called you call a stallion or a stable horse you call 'em.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um If a little child uh well uh now the things that you put on horses' shoes on horses' feet to protect 'em would be called their Used to hammer 'em in?
625:  Uh they call them they call them horse shoes.
Interviewer:  Okay. And what part of the feet would you put them on?
625:  They'd put 'em on their and drive a nail sideways so it come on the edge of their hoof there there'd be no feeling in it you know?
Interviewer:  Okay. And you call the things they put them on you call their
625:  Sh- shoe and the the other was a {D: regular uh} nail they put on and
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
625:  #2 {D: you know?} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
625:  #2 #
Interviewer:  I I'm talking about the the part of the horse's foot, you called it the horse's
625:  Oh hoof. Hoof yeah.
Interviewer:  Alright. Um did you what was the game you used to play with those things pitching 'em?
625:  Well it uh they'd have sticks so far apart and they'd they'd uh they'd they'd throw them uh call it game of pitching horseshoe you know?
Interviewer:  #1 Okay #
625:  #2 and the # one uh the one'd ring it uh cl- uh hit the closest to it would win a point you know?
Interviewer:  Okay. If a little child went to bed in the morning and woke up on the floor he'd say well I guess I must've fell
625:  Fell off the bed and went to sleep on the floor.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um what do you call the male sheep?
625:  Call them a ram.
Interviewer:  And the female sheep.
625:  A ewe.
Interviewer:  And what do they have on their backs?
625:  Wool.
Interviewer:  And the male hog?
625:  Call them a boar.
Interviewer:  Okay and what about a hog that's been castrated?
625:  A a a barrow
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now a little little one when it's first born you call a
625:  A pig. Baby pig.
Interviewer:  And uh did you have a name for wild one of the wild hog that'd been uh that had grown up wild, a hog that had just been out in the woods?
625:  Well you you call 'em a a wild hog you know a
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  Well that's the only {X} uh down to where they all just come and be a hog too you know? They would
Interviewer:  Um what was the stiff stuff a hogs had on their back?
625:  Well it was a {D: pear} It's {X} back when they'd get mad or something like that them things would be too too two two or three inches long some of 'em you know, they they'd splay 'em right straight up you know?
Interviewer:  Yeah they was stiff-haired they called 'em what? Did they have a name for 'em?
625:  Well uh if they did I don't remember
Interviewer:  #1 call 'em #
625:  #2 but #
Interviewer:  bristles?
625:  Bristles. {X} Well uh I guess they call 'em that too, bristles but they {X} mostly.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um what about the big teeth a hog has?
625:  #1 We call them #
Interviewer:  #2 What'd you call #
625:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
625:  tushes.
Interviewer:  Okay. And uh now the thi- the thing you put the feed for the hogs in you call that a say those were called
625:  Well some of 'em w- uh uh troughs. Troughs you'd put the feed in you see?
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now what about the noise a cat would make when it was being weened? You'd say the cat began to
625:  Began to {D: low} {D: low} you know? {D: It sound the cat mighty low like a} momma there. That's where you
Interviewer:  Yeah.
625:  where you start you know?
Interviewer:  Well did you have a different name like you might a cow might uh you'd say a a noise made by a cow during feeding time you'd say it began to began to low?
625:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Well did the did the cat maybe make a different noise?
625:  Well yeah he made a just a uh kinda s- solid dry or {D: noise it light} mighty noise you know?
Interviewer:  Okay. What would you say it began to to bawl or? Or did you have another word for it?
625:  No it was just like a no like a child it's like when you cry the want to he want to low but he could just make one noise you know? One {D: I've seen} {X} had something like that you can hear it you know?
Interviewer:  Okay. Um what about the gentle noise a horse would make during feeding time you'd say the horse began to you know he'd go {NW}
625:  {D: Dodo} w- whicker.
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  Yeah whicker.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now if you got a bunch of hungry animals you're going out to feed did you ever have a word for 'em, you'd call all of 'em saying you going out to feed the
625:  Well uh uh uh I guess you'd call it g- going out to feed the stock you know
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
625:  #2 {NW} # had more than one to feed.
Interviewer:  Now if you're gonna feed all the feathered animals all the all the turkeys, geese, and chickens you'd can call them the
625:  Poultry.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um a hen did you ever have a name for a hen on a nest of eggs?
625:  Oh yeah the the uh s- s- {D: satin} setting it'd be setting.
Interviewer:  Uh what about the place where they live?
625:  Well they have a chicken house and a rooster {X}
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  {D: Picked to cause} when they'd roost, they roost {X}
Interviewer:  Alright. When you eat when you eat a chicken did you ever have a little bone {D: that you} two kids grab a hold of and try to pull apart?
625:  Oh yeah call that the wishbone.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um What about the inside parts of the chicken you'd eat? Did you what'd you have a name did you have a name for those?
625:  Yeah you you you'd eat the the gizzard and the liver. About all that you'd eat inside.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Um did you ever have a part you'd stuff sausage with?
625:  Oh yeah
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
625:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
625:  #2 # Get get uh uh entrails from hogs wash 'em out turn 'em uh turn 'em uh inside-out. Scrape 'em good and then scald 'em and then uh wash 'em good and put 'em in there and then later on you you you they got to now like now you can buy those things.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
625:  You don't have to do that. But at one time they didn't have them, you had to make 'em yourself.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now when it's time to feed the stock and do the chores you say it's when it was time, when there was time of day you had to feed the stock and do the chores you'd
625:  #1 {D: Oh yeah} #
Interviewer:  #2 say it # was
625:  Lunch time and s- some people uh always say it's t- time to feed up and some of us down there say it's time to go do the chores you know?
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now did you ever have a call to cows
625:  A
Interviewer:  you'd get in from the pasture?
625:  Oh yeah I had {D: yeah}
Interviewer:  Cou- could you do it for me?
625:  {NW} I don't know if I can do it or not. Uh I used to I'd get out there I'd say {NW} {NW} {NW} {NW} and you could see 'em running.
Interviewer:  {NW}
625:  In fact I had a bunch in the woods {D: and called it creek} I'd go there with a sack of corn and throw it a couple after a while they'd follow me home just like the {D: butcher} dogs would those chicken and I'd bring 'em home like that.
Interviewer:  Okay. Did you have one when you were calling a calf? Maybe a different one?
625:  Yeah sometime we had some if we had a calf, especially if we had a cow about that time there they'd c- call 'em they'd come up to you you know?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
625:  They knew it was about time.
Interviewer:  Did you do the same same sound?
625:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
625:  #2 about something like that. # something the same
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
625:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
625:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Now um you told me you said gee and haw to a to a horse or a mule to make 'em turn one way or the other. What about a horse when you're calling a horse to get 'em in from the pasture? What would you call to 'em? Do you have a word you'd call to 'em?
625:  Yeah I'd call 'em I'd say {NW} come on then I'd call 'em by name you know and they'd and they'd come out.
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Uh What would you say to a horse to urge him on?
625:  I'd say get out. {D: And uh} {X} go right up to him.
Interviewer:  Okay and to stop 'em you'd say
625:  Whoa.
Interviewer:  And now what would you use to to call a hog if you're feeding them? What noise? What sound?
625:  I don't know if I can do that. {X} Sounds like uh calling a {D: cows uh} {NW} {NW} {NW} {NW} {NW} only louder you know?
Interviewer:  Um how'd you get your sheep in from the pasture?
625:  Well uh sheep we something we'd yell at when I had a sheep I I'd we'd pen him up, we'd pen him up with the horses something we had sheep are fairly hard to pin up. And um we we pin 'em up with the horses. and and when we fed 'em first mark the lamb then a little later we'd {D: pan 'em to} uh sheer it, cut the wool off of 'em you know? And {D: nearly} there's someone {D: barge in it's still working} you know? Sometimes there's something {D: going at the} something's trying to march over there. Sheer them you see?
Interviewer:  Did you have a a a word you'd call to get 'em in from the pasture?
625:  Well t- uh {X} some people had pasture they they call {X} herd a herd a you know? Herd {X} sheep trying to herd the sheep you know?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
625:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um what about a call to chickens when you were feeding them?
625:  Yeah you call them they come in a hurry {D: usually uh} Because they're hungry.
Interviewer:  Yeah what sort of call would you use?
625:  Well I'd say {NW}
Interviewer:  Um if you say if you want to get the horses ready to go somewhere you'd say you wanted to what would you do with 'em?
625:  Well uh I'd I'd wanna get the horse, saddle him up or hitch him up to the wagon, one or the other.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um suppose you uh now what do you put your feet into when you're riding horseback?
625:  The stirrup.
Interviewer:  And uh if you got two horses when you're plowing the uh one that walks in the furrow on the left you'd call him the what?
625:  Well uh he'd be o- on the on the near side. Then there'd be a on the off side.
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  Or you'd say on the left and the right side you see?
Interviewer:  Okay. Um uh if uh if no one else will do something for a person you'd say he's got to do it
625:  He's got to do the best he can.
Interviewer:  Yeah if no one else will do something for it for him you'll say he has to do it
625:  Himself.
Interviewer:  Okay. And uh if no one e- else will look out for for them they've got to look out for
625:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: for} #
625:  for themself.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh now if you've been traveling and you hadn't finished your journey you might say that before dark you had to go
625:  {D: Had to go on.}
Interviewer:  Yeah well if you're just going, traveling somewhere and you're on a journey you'd say you had to go
625:  Well I I'd have to go to go to the house or go to the hotel where we're staying you know?
Interviewer:  Okay. And if that was a good ways away you'd say that w- you'd have to go a
625:  A long way, be late getting home.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um if something's very common like say if somebody was gonna ask you about where to get a magnolia tree, if something was common and easy to find around here you'd say oh that's not very hard, you can find that just about
625:  A- find that a- a uh just about any place up some of those creeks over there {X}
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  They usually grow.
Interviewer:  Yeah right. Um if someone slipped on the ice say if they were on some ice or if they were on a wax floor or something like that and they slipped and fell this way you'd say they fell
625:  They fell backwards.
Interviewer:  #1 And if they #
625:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  #1 fell #
625:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  the other way
625:  Fell forward.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now wha- if you were out fishing uh somebody might say to you um did you catch any fish and you'd say no
625:  {X} I didn't have any luck, didn't catch any.
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  They wasn't biting {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay. Um uh if uh if a schoolboy was was speaking of a scolding teacher he'd say now why did she bother me I be speaking of his innocence or
625:  #1 Yeah I don't #
Interviewer:  #2 And he didn't do any- # thing he'd say I
625:  I don't do that, I don't do anything wrong.
Interviewer:  Okay. Or I
625:  I'm I'm uh always quiet.
Interviewer:  If he was speaking of the past though he'd say about what he what he did or didn't do he'd say I
625:  I I {C: unclear, but this may be another speaker in the room} I haven't done anything. {C: unclear, but this may be another speaker in the room}
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  If he thought that {C: unclear, but this may be another speaker in the room} {D: if he wouldn't do anything} {C: unclear, but this may be another speaker in the room}
Interviewer:  Um the crying child might say uh he was eating candy and he didn't give me
625:  Give me a a piece of it.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um or he didn't give me
625:  Any of it.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now if a boy is spoiled and whe- when he grows up you might say that he'll have his trouble
625:  Ahead of him. Uh he'd always have trouble.
Interviewer:  If you were speaking about the possibility of him having trouble you'd say he'll have his trouble
625:  In the future.
Interviewer:  {D: like he's not or} Okay.
625:  Well more likely to have a lotta trouble in the future.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now what do you call the trenches cut by the plow?
625:  Well uh I I they call that a furrow you know?
Interviewer:  Okay. Um if you if you had a good year and the Lord has been plentiful to you you'd say we raised a big
625:  Big big crop. {D: yeah}
Interviewer:  Um if if you got rid of all the brushes and the trees on your land you'd say you did what?
625:  You cleared up the land {D: raised the cultivator}
Interviewer:  Okay. Um what'd you call a crop that came up that that you didn't plant that year?
625:  Well that's uh a crop uh a crop of hay or grass. Sometimes uh {D: some}
Interviewer:  Or so- well the second cutting of clove or grass, what would call that? Call that a after you cut it the first time and the second one came up.
625:  Call that the that would be the second cutting of uh clover.
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  {X}
Interviewer:  And uh well what if you didn't plant this maybe? You know might like maybe uh you had something else planted in a field, this came up instead from where you planted it last year. Do you have a name for that?
625:  Well most of the time it'd come in there uh old sage grass they call it.
Interviewer:  Okay. Well maybe there was another crop like maybe you had peanuts planted in a field and you had corn coming up in the middle of it.
625:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Where you planted corn last year, what would you call what kind of crop would you call that?
625:  Well
Interviewer:  You have a name for it?
625:  Uh no there wouldn't be much name to it, it just uh something just growed up there you know uh wild it grow you might say it grows wild, it it come up itself, a seed was, a seed was left in the ground you see.
Interviewer:  Um now wheat is tied up into what you call a what do you tie wheat up into? Do you ha-
625:  Well the- they used to cut 'em uh like rice and they'll they'd tie it in bundles and {D: leave it} to dry.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
625:  Yeah. And bundle and then they'd take it in and dry it. But now they don't do that, they thrash 'em right in the field you know and take a {X} quit doing that.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now when you're speaking of a of a bushel or of wheat or something like that or measuring how good you did in a field you'd say we raised forty to an acre. Forty
625:  For- forty forty forty-five forty-eight or maybe fifty bushels to the acre.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now uh what kinda what is made of flour and baked in loaves?
625:  Uh well i- use flour you put uh yeast in it.
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  And make it rise you know and then uh le- let it rise so long then the {D: let it bake}
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now and th- what'd you have a name for it? The the kind of stuff you made with it?
625:  Well they call it light bread or homemade bread some of 'em
Interviewer:  #1 Alright. #
625:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
625:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Alright and um what about uh other kinds of bread made with flour?
625:  Well they made make biscuit
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  And uh some of 'em and make uh like I said it make dough and roll it and cook it in a a skillet {NW} some people'd call it hoecake, some would call it galette, fresh made you know?
Interviewer:  Galette?
625:  Galette you know? Galette.
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh now what about did you ever make anything with potato maybe? With mix some potato stuff in there?
625:  {X} used to people made a many times we'd take sweet potatoes and and had a grate grate it and then put syrup with it and put some {D: flame} in it and c- cook for the call it potato {D: foam}
Interviewer:  Potato foam?
625:  Put it in the put it in a bread pan, put it in the stove and cook it. It's some of the best thing we ever eat.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um any what about the bread you'd cook with yeast?
625:  Well at one time it they uh they had uh yeast and baking powder and uh plain flour, you had to put it you can get it now and you had to put that baking powder in there, they'd call that yeast. But then they'd mix the yeast, what they call yeast to make uh they'd save it. Uh some of it when they'd make the dough. {D: they'd} {X} fresh they'd save some of the dough when they made it mix it to a certain extent then they'd save that and dry it and use that to to put in bread when they made it again you know?
Interviewer:  Di- uh now did you what'd you make out of corn meal?
625:  Well they'd they'd grind it and and make that they'd cook what they call cornbread with it.
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Alright now did you ever have now you mentioned cornbread about cornbread did you ever have any other stuff you'd make out of cornbread? Um did you ever have anything i- did you ever make anything that just had cornmeal salt and water in it?
625:  Well uh I remember {D: way back the} people use to cook a little cornmeal and and they'd uh put a little water and cook it good and put a little sugar in it, something sweet in it and and give it to the baby, they didn't have baby food like they have now you know?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
625:  They call it uh cornmeal gruel.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay #
625:  #2 {X} # give that to the baby.
Interviewer:  Alright. Now we talked about the kind you cooked in ashes and the kind you cooked in a skillet you called a hoecake. Uh what about if it was small and made kind of round ball and you had onions or green peppers in it used to eat them with fish a lot, did you ever have a name for those?
625:  Yeah they call that they made out of cornbread uh made uh
Interviewer:  Yeah.
625:  Cornmeal uh pup- they call that puppy dogs.
Interviewer:  Puppy dogs?
625:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  And you know where that puppy dog come from?
Interviewer:  Where?
625:  They used people used to make them to feed their dogs with you know?
Interviewer:  Is that so?
625:  And uh they'd make 'em just like the people do uh does now {D: like} and then make uh they'd go camping go hunting and make that to feed their dogs. And they finally got to where they find out they were good to eat so they'd make it and eat it themselves, that's where where they come from, they call 'em puppy dogs.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um did you ever have any that you boiled maybe in cheese cloth or in beans or greens? And uh or something with chicken that was made out of cornmeal?
625:  No I never did.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um what about the type did you ever have the cornmeal you'd cook in a deep pan and you'd come out uh dish it out, you'd dish it out like mash potatoes on your plate?
625:  No. No, never
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
625:  #2 did that. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
625:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Okay. Now let's say there were two kinds of bread uh the homemade bread and the kind you buy at the store, you call that the kind you buy at the store you call
625:  Well you call that the light bread you know?
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  And of course they'd sell it we'd call some of it called light bread and uh homemade bread you know?
Interviewer:  Okay. Now um did you ever have something that was fried in deep fat and had a hole in the middle of it?
625:  Oh yeah.
Interviewer:  U-
625:  That's a a a donut. And uh and then speaking of that I'll people used to roll uh flour uh make a dough with flour and take a roll it out and cut it in {D: different} cut like that and then fry it in deep fat. A- and uh then they'd uh ea- when uh cool off well they'd eat with make coffee and eat that with and that's uh that you really enjoy that, something good it, you never eat some of that you you missed a whole lot. {NW}
Interviewer:  Um what uh if you'd take a um well did you ever have any other names for it? Like maybe a long round thing that had sugar all over it? Lo- I mean a long kinda round thing or do you just call it a donut?
625:  Well i- i uh you uh people'd make that and call 'em donuts and some of 'em I I I've seen them they make a roll and and and cook and make a make these uh like these jelly cookies they cut you know
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
625:  #2 {X} # buy in the store I've seen 'em make like that.
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  And uh some people I've seen people take a a a regular five six loaf of bread and it's soak it good and mix it and put some uh I don't know what all they put in it and they bathe it good with cinnamon. And and roll them thing up together {D: maybe like} {D: fort} bread and and put it in a in the oven and cook it. I- it makes it make the best cinnamon rolls then you can buy {D: so there}
Interviewer:  Um what were the things you'd mix up in a batter and you may have three or four of 'em when you breakfast for breakfast sometime? maybe made outta syrup and butter. I mean you put syrup and butter.
625:  {D: right} pancakes {D: make} pancake uh
Interviewer:  Okay and it did y- were they always made outta wheat flour, did you ever make 'em out of anything else?
625:  Yeah made 'em out of grain flour and uh used uh {X} {D: buy a weekly mix} pancake mix you know?
Interviewer:  Okay. Um okay. You might say uh if you went to the store to buy uh some flour and you bought two pounds you'd say you bought two pounds of
625:  Uh
Interviewer:  you bought what? How many
625:  Two pounds of flour.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now what do you call the inside part of the egg? There are two parts of the egg one's a white and the other one's a
625:  Uh other one is yellow. Yellow and white. Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um and what color would you say it is? You'd say it was that color?
625:  Y- i- yellow and yellow and
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
625:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
625:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Now if you if you cook 'em in hot water what do you call 'em?
625:  Poached eggs.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh yeah but if you let 'em stay in the shells you call 'em
625:  Oh oh if they stay in the shell you boiled eggs. Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. mr Moran uh talking about hogs now um what do you call the part of the hog you might use to put greens when you eat 'em? You know you get put greens to give a little flavor?
625:  Well you can uh eat the backbone and put uh uh a little uh uh flavor it and be good you know?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
625:  It'd cook cook that or co- coo- cook the bony piece you know?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. So that'd be part of the bone right?
625:  Yeah. Like uh if you were some people'd uh some people'd cook um a uh hog meat and the the bony piece the the I have seen 'em put 'em down in cook 'em down and put onion in it, kinda make a gravy with it you know?
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  But then of course they'd take the other like chops and fry them.
Interviewer:  What about uh maybe the fat saucy part of the pork you put in there, what do you call that?
625:  Well uh that'd be the fat unless you'd take it out separate and boil it then make lard with it you know?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
625:  So- some a lot of people used to when they'd butcher a hog they'd take all that fat off first and
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
625:  #2 you know? #
Interviewer:  #1 #
625:  #2 #
Interviewer:  What if it had some lean in it? You know, just kinda fat lean.
625:  Oh yeah.
Interviewer:  Uh d- to put in with some greens what would you did you have a name for it?
625:  No uh that's more than uh {D: porch I'm guessing} put it in
Interviewer:  Um
625:  {X}
Interviewer:  When you cut the the side of a hog what would you call that?
625:  Well that'd be the the the the the slab the side uh you'd make bacon outta that.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now the kind of meat yeah the kind of meat you'd you'd eat uh thin sliced thin to eat with eggs you'd call
625:  We call that bacon.
Interviewer:  Okay. And uh the outside of the bacon the edge before you cut it off, what do you call that? Did you ever have a name for that?
625:  Well that uh that'd be the fat the the skin and then the fat'd it'd be the fat through the skin and the meat.
Interviewer:  Yeah well this was the sharp kinda outside part. The edge of the bacon you have to cut it off before you slice it. The rind or the you know you might call it the the rind? The skin you call it? Okay.
625:  Yeah the skin, yeah the skin that's uh
Interviewer:  Okay. Um uh now who whose the fella that kills the meat and cuts it up? What do you call him?
625:  The butcher.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now if a meat's meat's been kept too long and it's spoiled you'd I mean the meat's been kept too long you'd say it's the meat's done what?
625:  It spoiled. {D: Spoil.}
Interviewer:  Okay. When you butcher a hog what'd you use to make from the head? Can you tell me about butchering a hog? What you'd use with the with the various parts of the hog?
625:  Yeah you you clean the head and and you had to know how to clean it {X} and and uh make hoghead cheese out of it. Boil it 'til you get all the all the meat off of it clean the ears, cut the inside of the ear off and d- {D: drill} that all that side and cut the solid piece off you know and them things and you done put the head and then then bottom jaw you'd take all that skin off of it. And you you make sure that the hog was scalded good cuz you don't have that {X} at all you know? And you'd clean the {X} you had to work on them to get one clean too and you and uh then you'd boil that head 'til the the the meat and the skin and all of it would come to pieces so you could run it, some people run it through a a little meat grinder and some of it is so tender you just you'd take they'd take the head and just mash it all to pieces you know? And they put onion and seasoning in that thing and then they'd uh they'd uh they usually put the feet in there too uh they clean the feet
Interviewer:  Yeah.
625:  Take all the hoofs out there then throw that in there and that'd give it a kind of {X} a a gel gel-like and then you'd put that together and first you you'd le- let it sit over and take all that fat off you know?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
625:  After and then you you'd put that in there and and uh {D: let} that's when you'd take the meat off the bone and make the put the seasoning the onion the flavoring and whatnot and then uh uh the the after like boiling them feet in there it kinda form a gel and make it a stick together {D: but} That's some of the best eating you ever you ever eaten any country-made hoghead cheese?
Interviewer:  I never have.
625:  Oh boy you better eat it one time. Y- you got you'd say it's the best thing you ever eaten.
Interviewer:  Um now what'd you do with the hog's liver?
625:  Well uh uh um we'd usually usually eat it eat it eat it slice it eat it some {X}
Interviewer:  #1 Grind it up? #
625:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  You ever grind it up and make something out of it?
625:  No never did.
Interviewer:  Liver pudding?
625:  No some I've heard of people doing it but we never did.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um did you ever use its blood for anything?
625:  Yeah. Made what they call blood sausage with it.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh Did you ever take the juice of the head cheese uh and stir it up with cornmeal?
625:  No.
Interviewer:  Maybe and make something out of that?
625:  No never did.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now uh talking about butter and stuff like that if you kept your butter too long and it didn't taste good you might say it got
625:  It got rank.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um thick sour milk that you kept around you called
625:  Sometime they'd they it it form a a uh what they call clabber.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
625:  We used uh used to take that sometime we'd take it and just take the the {X} {X} uh weighing it they'd call it you know?
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
625:  #2 You'd # take that out and take that clabber and and I'd p- put heavy cream on it and a little sugar and that's that's like it's better than this cottage cheese that you can buy now in the store.
Interviewer:  Alright. Um did you call what'd you did you have a name for it, the stuff you made out of
625:  Well we make uh call it clabber and then my mother and I've seen m- my wife did it we'd take she'd put it in a in a cream sack and hang it. Let it drip you know? Put it somewhere and let it drip. And uh then when it'd be dry. She'd uh take it out and put it and she'd put cream and and and uh sugar on it, it'd be just like this cottage cheese better than this cottage cheese here.
Interviewer:  Um what'd you do with the milk, the first thing before milking it?
625:  Before milking it?
Interviewer:  Before after you got it after milk.
625:  Oh well we made a {D: pound of butter} my wife would really to uh had the always have a thing called this {D: famous} you know?
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now did you have a what was the dish you used to make you'd make in a in a deep dish and it was made outta apples but it didn't have a bottom layer like an apple pie would. It just had a top layer to it. Did you have a name for that? You put apples or some sort of fruit in there.
625:  Well uh the the the only thing I know {X} is that with apples is {X} call call it apple pie. Peach pie you know?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
625:  And some of 'em call it the uh
Interviewer:  #1 Cobbler or #
625:  #2 Bla- bla # {D: black} cobbler. {D: That's it.}
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  Black cobbler. Peach cobbler and uh they they used to call 'em all together peach pie you know?
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  I guess there's two ways to make it.
Interviewer:  Um if and what was the sweet sort of stuff you'd pour over the over uh uh a pudding or something like that? You call that a
625:  Uh well it it usually make a s- s- sauce out of it. Sugar and {D: syrup and} thing like that and and pour it over it yeah. for flavor you know?
Interviewer:  Um now food taken yeah between regular meals say you ate food between regular meals, you call that a
625:  Snack.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
625:  #2 Uh #
Interviewer:  #1 #
625:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Um if somebody had a real good appetite you'd say he sure like to put away his
625:  His food.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now let's say you say in the morning I I get up and I
625:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 what # what do I do? I
625:  Get up
Interviewer:  #1 break- #
625:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  fast I get up and I
625:  Put on my clothes and I get uh I fix fix breakfast.
Interviewer:  Yeah but you you speaking about eating breakfast you say I alright in the morning I get up and I
625:  Eat breakfast.
Interviewer:  Okay. And uh yesterday when I got up I had already at this time I had already
625:  Eaten breakfast.
Interviewer:  Okay. And last week I every day I I had breakfast
625:  #1 I had #
Interviewer:  #2 so I #
625:  I I I had breakfast in the morning.
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  After I get up.
Interviewer:  I yeah but you speaking about eating
625:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 you # say I
625:  Eat breakfast.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now what do people usually drink for breakfast?
625:  Well th- uh {D: trying to think} coffee with and uh
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  sometime milk.
Interviewer:  Okay how do you prepare coffee? You might say you
625:  Well you you boil your water and uh you have {D: somewhat} you put it in a percolator {D: at most} uh uh uh percolate it and put coffee in there and pour your hot water on it and let it drip. And then
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
625:  #2 uh # after it drip it's hot and it's ready to drink.
Interviewer:  Okay. You put water in a
625:  I- in a pan or re- regular uh little {X} pan for that purpose and then it come to a boil you know?
Interviewer:  Okay if you were gonna drink water you say you'd put it in a what? A {D: howdy} say you'd put you'd put it in a you'd put the water in a
625:  In a {X} but put it in a a glass.
Interviewer:  Okay. And you might say uh if y- you say somebody dropped the glass and it got
625:  It got broke.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um
625:  How mu- how much more of that stuff you got? That whole book you got to go through?
Interviewer:  Well no not all the book, we just gonna go through some more. Uh
625:  I still can't see where you where where where uh
Interviewer:  Um now if if I was asking you how much you drank you'd say
625:  I well I'd say I don't drink much.
Interviewer:  Yeah okay but you say speaking of how much you did drink you'd say I
625:  I have drank some but I
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  don't drink {D: whatsoever}
Interviewer:  Um then you'd say then you might ask me how much have you how much have you
625:  How much have you been drinking?
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh do you say we certainly do drink or what would you say, we certainly do
625:  {X} S- say did you drink uh
Interviewer:  Drink a lot okay.
625:  Drink a lot.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now if dinner was beginning and the family was standing around waiting uh what do you say to 'em?
625:  {X} Come on let's eat dinner, it's ready.
Interviewer:  Yeah and you'd tell 'em to you might tell 'em to if they were standing up you might tell 'em to
625:  sit down. Come on sit down.
Interviewer:  Okay. And if you had company would you say
625:  Well if I'd say di- uh dinner's ready, come over here so we can eat dinner.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now if somebody comes into the dining room you ask him won't you please
625:  Sit down.
Interviewer:  And so then he
625:  He would he would sit down.
Interviewer:  And uh you know if everybody else uh was also down you uh probably everybody no one else was standing you'd say they had also
625:  Yeah. Well {X} let's all sit down, come on
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
625:  #2 sit down. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
625:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Um now you're passing the food around the table you'd say uh if you want someone not to wait 'til foo- until the potatoes are passed you'd say to 'em go ahead
625:  Help yourself.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh and so and so you'd say he he went ahead and he got some or he went ahead and
625:  He {D: wait his turn} he he helped himself.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um if you if you didn't want anything to eat or you didn't want something a certain thing and somebody passed it to you you'd say no thank you, I don't
625:  I don't care for any.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now mr Moran uh when food has been has been cooked and served a second time you'd say it was
625:  It was {X}
Interviewer:  Okay. And uh you might say you put the food in your mouth and you begin to
625:  {D: to} chew it.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now um uh what would you call all the {D: day} you got the meats then you got the say you got desserts or fruits and then you also had this other type of food you call you know they're peas, beans and and tomatoes and things like that you call them the
625:  Uh I guess you'd call 'em a a reg- regular {D: hoop} meal, vegetables you know?
Interviewer:  Okay. And uh you might grow vegetables in a vegetable
625:  Garden or
Interviewer:  Okay. Okay. Um Now what's that di- did you have a southern food you know this is served mostly in the South it was the type of food you'd uh it was made outta cracked corn wha- and it was white you know you had it with breakfast usually. With eggs and bacon or something like that, you call that
625:  {X} {D: store by the} hominy.
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright um did you ever have a nickname for it here in the South?
625:  I no that I tell you I say never did go to the store {X} I I never did I never did use it at all.
Interviewer:  You never did like it huh?
625:  No never have, tried it one time.
Interviewer:  Um what about a name you'd have for a for illegal whiskey? Do you have a name for that?
625:  Yeah. That was uh bootleg {D: whiskey}
Interviewer:  You called it bootleg?
625:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Um
625:  Course they at one time there they called it white lightning.
Interviewer:  {X}
625:  {X} make it {NS} you know? {NS}
Interviewer:  Alright. Um if something's cooking, it makes a good impression on your nostrils you might say somebody just
625:  Cooking something smell good.
Interviewer:  Yeah you'd say okay. You just you'd say just
625:  {NW} that's just that s- that s- that smell oh gonna have something good to eat.
Interviewer:  Just smell that. Would you say this
625:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  Smell that.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now if you were {D: mention} syrup and molasses the difference between the two of 'em you'd say that syrup is kinda you know syrup might be thinner but molasses s- molasses
625:  Well uh that's uh uh that's a {X} uh it's uh uh you might say there's two separate word but practically mean the same thing.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
625:  Because I've heard them call it that all my life, syrup and molasses.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
625:  And uh to me I don't know the difference between molasses and syrup because it's all made outta sugar cane or or uh uh some of it makes out of maple.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
625:  And they call that the- they call that syrup. So uh call it's syrup m- make outta sugar cane. Uh they call that syrup and some of 'em call it molasses most either one.
Interviewer:  Really?
625:  They do.
Interviewer:  They both mean the same thing?
625:  Well to me I don't know what makes the difference to be frank with you uh uh I uh raised molasses sugar cane and made syrup with 'em. And you'll see it on the you'll buy all uh jar of syrup on the on on uh market.
Interviewer:  Yeah. {NS}
625:  {D: Passive} they call that syrup. {C: unclear, but this may be another speaker in the room} And you call it molasses too. {C: unclear, but this may be another speaker in the room} {X}
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} Um now if something yeah but didn't you have a, that's an imitation maple syrup. You also had the {X} you had something that was uh that was not imitation you'd say it was gen- You
625:  #1 Gen- #
Interviewer:  #2 say #
625:  Genuine maple
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
625:  #2 That's # supposed to be two percent uh maple and seven-and-a-half percent uh {X} syrup.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now um sugar sold retail is put up in packages but uh whole sale you said you'd say it's sold
625:  I- in uh hundred-pound bags.
Interviewer:  Yeah and you'd say about that type you'd say it was say it was sold
625:  in in sold in in places too you know i- in boxes. So many pounds, hundred-pound boxes so many.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
625:  And and uh hundred hundred pounds burlap.
Interviewer:  Okay if you were selling it by weight like say selling sugar or selling lumber by weight, you're selling anything by weight you'd say it was sold
625:  So much a pound. By the pound. Five pound, ten pound uh
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  Or
Interviewer:  Did you ever say it was sold in bulk or or loose or
625:  Well it's uh {X} they used to sell it in s- and sell it loose you'd have to weigh it all but now they come all in packages in bulk you know? In five pound
Interviewer:  Okay.
625:  {X} ten pounds.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now what would you have on the table to season food with? You'd say pass me the
625:  Well it's uh sugar is one thing.
Interviewer:  Yeah but you'd also have these two spices you could say pass me the
625:  Y- you have salt and pepper.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um what would you have what do you call that sweet spread you'd make and you put on bread? It's made uh by boiling fruit. The juices of fruit say
625:  Oh yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 sugar #
625:  #2 {X} # that that's uh jelly {D Jelly.}
Interviewer:  Um now if there was some apples and the child wants uh one he s- he says
625:  I want an apple.
Interviewer:  Or he'd say he was tell- asking someone he'd say
625:  G- g- give me an apple.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now if you were looking at certain two groups of boys you'd say it wasn't these boys it was
625:  Those other boys.
Interviewer:  Okay. And if you're pointing to a tree way off yonder way off you might say it's well uh if you're pointing uh to a tree it's uh some distance from you you'd say it's