025:  Uh one of my #1 cousins. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # Oh is that right? I wondered if now I just wondered if they they had uh if they if what kinds of boats little boats they had on the?
025:  #1 I don't #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
025:  I don't know {D: what}
Interviewer:  Other than canoes.
025:  I don't know what they've got but now they've got {X} great big long boats. They've even got trailers for 'em haul 'em all. and some of 'em will have 'em on uh tied on the top of the car bottom side up {D: or not} I don't know what that is I don't get close enough to 'em to find out just exactly what.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  {D: And they's some folks here in the cove} that'll buy boats. I've got a neighbor over here that's got a boat. I don't know how he gets it over there you got a big truck. I guess he takes it on that and he may have a trailer to hang it pull it #1 on. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # But uh when a boat is first built and it's put in the water for the first time you know what that's called? You slide it out in the water.
025:  {D: I don't know} if they built 'em out of wood they've got to put 'em in there and let 'em soak up you know.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
025:  {D: They will}
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
025:  #2 That # lumber'd get wet and soaked up and turn water you see
Interviewer:  Yeah.
025:  Same way with the hog trough. You can't hardly put anything together close enough. It'll turn to water. You put water in it and let it soak up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  And places where it'll leak out but it'll get after awhile you know after that water stays in #1 there a #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  while it won't leak.
Interviewer:  Now something a woman wears when she's doing the cooking?
025:  Apron.
Interviewer:  Yeah. And and then uh uh a uh uh that she she was in a oh say say your wife is gonna get some material she might go into the store and get a little a little piece of the material and bring it home to see if it matches the um.
025:  I don't know what you'd call that. I know that's been done they do that you know get a little piece of that see if it's like what they've got you know.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
025:  #2 {X} # little of something to make a dress or to make something else.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Well what if you went into the store and got something uh that uh they gave you something something for nothing uh to uh uh to try to taste. See if you liked it.
025:  You mean what would they call that?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
025:  Well I don't know. I reckon they call it a sample or #1 something. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Well do they in {X} do they ever when you when you went to pay your bill say at the oh at the um feed store or something and you paid your bill or or uh uh general store or something did they ever uh a man might throw in something extra #1 uh. #
025:  #2 Sometimes # they would. Sometimes if you're gonna buy a big order they'd give you something you know as a present.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Just.
025:  And if you paid up a bill
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  they'd give you something you know.
Interviewer:  They just call that a present #1 I guess? #
025:  #2 Yeah. # They give you something or another. Make you a present {D: though.} Now that's where that clock came from. My #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Is that right? #
025:  business and they gave him that clock #1 as a payment #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
025:  for a bill of goods he had bought.
Interviewer:  Is that right? Well that's that that was a nice present.
025:  That's right and I've seen other stores that had 'em.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  And these big companies a lot of times they'd give a merchant a premium you know for a large big amount of bill
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
025:  #2 {X} # to the store. Back when I was a boy it ain't that way now grocery stores had a hard time there's {D: nothing going on on a} saw milling and farming and
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  things like that and they had to carry the people {D: too long.} But now then everybody to {X} people {X} social security and welfare there ain't no more poor people anymore that has to do that way they can all just. The grocery stores are making money now.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
025:  #2 They # get their pay every week. #1 These {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  people all these here people that's working on jobs get your pay every week.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  And uh older people that ain't got no moneys are drawing social security and them that that ain't got nothing and don't want nothing well they're they're on welfare #1 you see. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah sure. # Uh when uh what kind of clothing did uh oh people wear in your father's time? Just kind of describe the.
025:  #1 Well uh people as #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
025:  far back as I can remember {D: in our old home} my granddad {D: that was} {X} he wouldn't wear nothing only jeans. They was a heavy kind of something. My grandmother would make 'em for him you know. But then at a later date I'd knowed him to wear overalls. As far back as I can remember people wore overalls mostly farmers.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  {D: Some of 'em won't} but they would get these little overalls {D: stuff with a no} bib on 'em and #1 still #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm. #
025:  wear them. Back then a lot of people wore they had uh th- an awful thick shirt. They called it hickory shirt {D: with strapping.} Oh people nearly wore them ol' hickory shirts. One of 'em would last you all summer you know people sweat a lot hard work and sweat.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  And they could take 'em old hickory shirt and them's heavy but they'd wear 'em all summer.
Interviewer:  Huh and they.
025:  #1 Oh but it'd last #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
025:  you a summer maybe a #1 year #
Interviewer:  #2 Huh. # Well do they would they uh did they hang out and they wore them outside?
025:  No they put 'em down their pants.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. and that's something they might wear over that if it was cold?
025:  Well {D: they'd} wear a coat or something. Now some old people back then didn't um bundle up like they do now.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  My granddad is an old timer and uh and uh {NS} I know we'd go to kill hogs and he'd had to kill hogs in cold weather. He'd wear them old hickory shirts he wasn't wearing no underwear.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  and uh he'd {D: drawers} some kind of drawers was for his undershirts or long handles #1 something like #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  that he wouldn't wear 'em. And well he'd get out there the coldest day that come and he'd roll up his pull off his coat and roll up his sleeves. He always done the gutting you know and the cutting up of them hogs #1 as long as he #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  live. And uh {X} the rest of us would be a freezing to death and he'd be making it good. It's just sort of what you get used #1 to. #
Interviewer:  #2 Sure. #
025:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
025:  And we was talking about that wool cotton or {NW} wool thread they uh lot of 'em uh the old timers use them ol' homemade socks you know. They'll have 'em a dozen laying around.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
025:  #2 Wear a # pair you'd wear a pair every year. My granddad in the summertime he'd come the rainy weather like it is now he could get out and go barefoot. #1 He said #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  he could walk {X} after a rain if it was a dirt road.
Interviewer:  #1 Is that right? #
025:  #2 He # never was bothered with bunions on his feet or nothing like that.
Interviewer:  Is that right? Um was uh the uh uh on on uh Sunday um people would get dressed up they might wear a a man would wear?
025:  Oh collar and tie.
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
025:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  {X}
025:  #1 We used to #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh. #
025:  {D: have little ol' shirts you know and} I don't know what they #1 paid #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  for a collar that t-shirt collars. I don't have anymore see that anymore. {D: the collars all run to the shirt} #1 I don't got {X}
sure #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. Sure. #
025:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Sure. #
025:  {X} {X}
Interviewer:  Well if you want to go get it go uh.
025:  Well.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Sure that's all right.
025:  {X} very wealthy fella didn't get what he got {D: and dropped him for another.}
Interviewer:  Yeah.
025:  {D: And man will do the} same thing you know. {NS} Sometimes they marry for wealth instead of love.
Interviewer:  {X} I suppose the ideal thing is to find both. {NW}
025:  Yeah. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  {NW} {NS}
025:  If the that's got {X}
Interviewer:  {X} #1 {X} #
025:  #2 I # even mowed the yard last night. carried that stuff in here {D: Ramona} said she hadn't got to sweep the floor {D: but you needn't to pay no attention that.} {NW} Can't keep that stuff off of your feet. Finally got my grandson and another boy to come over here last night and mow for me. I've got two mowing machines. Got a {C: background noise} riding one and he does the big mowing on that and the other boy he does around the trees you know corners and where you can't get to with that big one.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  But you're just lucky this day and time to get anybody to do anything.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
025:  Used to I could get all the help I wanted and couldn't pay for it and now then I can pay for it and can't get the help and I'm just right back where I started #1 off. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Yeah.
025:  Ain't any better off.
Interviewer:  I was asking you yesterday we talking yesterday the day before yesterday you were telling me about that sheriff. Uh did that man make other kinds of uh any uh?
025:  Hell they've got uh he works for their kinfolks and he works for Reagan's up there you don't know Gatlinburg well but it's out there on roaring fork road and they make do that for a living. They've got a big factory out there you know. They make everything in the way of wood. I don't know what all they do make. Chairs beds. Anything most. They've got their machinery there you know and they can start with a raw material #1 you know and #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  then you go right on up. They make chairs and tables and whatnot anything.
Interviewer:  Mostly uh uh furniture?
025:  Furniture and stuff like that {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW} I asked you last time about uh when we were talking about that uh the thing in the we talked about the closets and so forth did you ever have anything you called a chifforobe or um or a wardrobe?
025:  Well now I don't know {D: you told me} I guess that'd all be the same {D: and} have wardrobes you know
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
025:  #2 and that # was.
Interviewer:  Now were those built in or movable?
025:  Well they was {D: sold} most of 'em in these older houses was built in.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
025:  But now then I guess they're movable. People don't build them things in these new houses #1 anymore. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # And what did you have on your windows? Uh now what would you call these things right here that go up and down?
025:  Um the shades is on the inside and them #1 others #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  is curtains.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. the curtains are on the
025:  #1 Mm yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 in the inside. # And uh what do you call expensive dishware?
025:  Well I'd reckon that would be you know sometime {X} dishware is like everything #1 else #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  there's good and bad you know.
Interviewer:  Do they have a name for the the really uh expensive stuff?
025:  Well I can't recall that. {X}
Interviewer:  Or something you might put you know something you know something you might put cut flowers in?
025:  Well I don't know now. We've never had nothing that I know of like #1 that. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  #1 We just had our #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  different kinds of dishes and vases and
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
025:  things like that you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  But uh glassware just like everything else you know some of it's more expensive than others. I don't know why it would be glass are just glass.
Interviewer:  Right.
025:  It's like I told the hardware man out here one time {D: about his uh} {D: likes in the kitchen there} you know them big glasses would go put in here when one breaks out now I used to I could get 'em for about sixty cents a piece but I went out there one day and they just charged me I don't know just about double price. I said what's the matter? He said I don't know. He said I don't understand it. He said glass is made out of sand and said sand ain't going up any.
Interviewer:  {NW} Yeah. #1 {X} #
025:  #2 I went on up # to the other hardware then I don't know what happened to these fellas {X} hardware. I mean {X} went on up there to {X} and they're still back down about forty, sixty cents somewhere along #1 where I #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. #
025:  used to pay for 'em. I think they just have them marked up wrong somewhere #1 or another. #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. #
025:  Glass is a thing that didn't advance too bad for a long time. It was kind of funny how things would go up right quick. You take for instance hardware. Hardware was a thing that started up and never did go down.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Uh you might use a comb on your hair or what else might a person use?
025:  Uh brush or something another. They's hairbrushes you know. {X}.
Interviewer:  Yesterday we were #1 talking. #
025:  #2 I don't # never use none #1 of 'em you can see that. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # #1 {X} #
025:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Um the uh yesterday we were talking about uh what a man would wear to church on Sunday and you say you said a collar and tie but what what might he wear uh um you know in the if he had uh pants and coat that matched what would that be called?
025:  A suit.
Interviewer:  Now and if he just bought it it wouldn't a be an old one it would be a?
025:  Just be a suit you know. {D: And all like the} them suits would come in coats and people used to wear vests. You've seen these ol' #1 Westerns. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  {X} them ol' vests you know. They're pretty common you never seen or hear tell one of them things anymore. See they didn't have no sleeves in 'em.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
025:  And the back was just cloth. and the front of 'em was just like your other #1 clothes or suits #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  you know. And they'd put their neck ties down in that #1 you know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # Now if um if a shirt was uh washed in water that was too hot the collar might?
025:  Well there was some cloth that shrank and some was unshrank and some wouldn't you know.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  Some cloth you'd take uh a shirt that was big enough for me or you and then wash it and maybe it wouldn't be big enough for the next fella you know. #1 The #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  sleeves would draw out.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  Collar would draw out and get too tight.
Interviewer:  Right.
025:  {X} They thought to save s- they don't make that kind of stuff much anymore well and folks was pretty careful they could pretty well tell that shrinkable stuff #1 you know and #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  {D: not other.} You take maybe overalls. {D: You used to would} get cheap overhauls. Maybe they'd be big enough too big for you when you got 'em and a little while the legs would be way up here. They would draw up.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
025:  #2 Shrink. # I don't know what #1 caused it {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. All right. #
025:  and others wouldn't.
Interviewer:  Yeah. #1 I got. #
025:  #2 And then # there was some cloth that when you washed 'em they'd fade out you know the colors would fade out. #1 And some #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  wouldn't. I don't know why.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm #
025:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Now I had overalls these things that would come up over your #1 shoulders. #
025:  #2 Overalls is # what I wear like #1 this #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  you know. #1 They #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
025:  may have got overalls the same kind but they ain't got the bib #1 to 'em #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. #
025:  and just wear a belt in 'em you know and they call them blue #1 jeans. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  Now what what do you call those things that go up over your shoulders? #1 Them's the #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
025:  galluses or suspenders.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
025:  {D: You take now lizards} and these ol' overalls they're made with 'em. #1 They're suspenders #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  but back yonder back yonder people used to to {X} say somebody like me you know {D: this uh} didn't have enough a belly on 'em to keep a belt on they'd wear them #1 suspenders. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  And then when I was a boy instead of people now goes the short sleeved shirts. {D: They'd buy 'em.} #1 Or #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  maybe like I do roll 'em up or like your now your is already off.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  They had to wear 'em down over their hands and they had a big ol' rubber thing about oh it was nearly as big as your little finger and they'd put 'em here you know and they'd call them sleeve holders. To keep your sleeves down from over your #1 hand. #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. # I see. Um what um uh uh might you if you had going into town you might keep coins in something you carry in your pocket?
025:  Do what?
Interviewer:  You're taking going in going into the s- into town you might have some coins in your #1 pocket {X} #
025:  #2 Well people had # little ol' they call 'em pocketbooks you know and they have different kinds of 'em. {D: some had a s- book and} string in 'em and pull 'em up and tie 'em but the old ones would have uh just some would {NS} used to people when they had a large amounts of them they'd have you know the banks {D: put that in little sacks but} they just have something. Used to s- smoking tobacco
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
025:  #2 would # come in little cloth pouches with a
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
025:  #2 s- # drawstring. #1 And a lot of #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  people you know it didn't have a billfo- pocketbook {D: it'd carry them} #1 but #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  a lot of these people that have them I don't know whether I've got {D: very one of them ol''} pocketbooks. And they'd uh have two sections to 'em two sides.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  And of course there wasn't no room in them for papers or anything like that. and they'd latch up here. Two little latches would go together #1 to hold 'em. #
Interviewer:  #2 All right. #
025:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # They ever call that a purse?
025:  No that was just pocketbooks. Purses would be something like these women carry #1 you know with a #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
025:  handle on it. #1 or something. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # What would you call a thing a woman might wear around her wrist?
025:  {X} Bracelet.
Interviewer:  And something she might wear around her #1 neck? #
025:  #2 Necklace. #
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh if you're talking about beads would you call what would you #1 call 'em? #
025:  #2 Well that'd # that'd be the same you know that would go around her #1 neck. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  Beads.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  #1 People #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
025:  still wears them a lot. But they're more expensive than they used to. Used to you know you could buy them beads {D: ten it was ten cent store. You can yet I guess} #1 but #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  that's kind of stuffs just for children.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
025:  But you see now you take these necklaces and wealthy people's got them things that cost thousands of dollars.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  But they've got pearls on them you #1 know it's #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  expensive stuff. You can see every once in a while on a on a television show where they've got that jewelry all insured you know and will a lot of times they'll sell it and let on like it's been stole. You see that on #1 television #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  you know. They insure them
Interviewer:  Sure.
025:  thousands of dollars.
Interviewer:  Would you call that a string of beads or a pair of beads?
025:  String.
Interviewer:  {X} #1 {X} #
025:  #2 String of # beads they're just on a string #1 you #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  know.
Interviewer:  How much television do you usually watch during a week would you say?
025:  Oh we never watch television {D: but they um} watch it from the time the weather goes on probably six oh clock 'til ten.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
025:  #2 Depends # on what's on what I'm interested #1 in. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # What kinds of things do you like to watch?
025:  Huh?
Interviewer:  What kinds of programs do you usually #1 watch? #
025:  #2 Oh different # things I always catch the weather and the news and then on the other hand you have {X} I like these here uh police you know and I like Gunsmoke.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  #1 Things #
Interviewer:  #2 Sure. #
025:  like that. My wife she likes other things. #1 We just #
Interviewer:  #2 All right. #
025:  watch whatever we like you know. {X} We can can't get but two stations #1 here. #
Interviewer:  #2 All right. #
025:  Wears Cove's a bad place to get
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  good stations. They some of these television mens told me that Wears Cove was Wears Valley was the worst place they ever tried to get a picture. Some places you just can't get 'em. #1 There's something #
Interviewer:  #2 All right. #
025:  that something knocks it off #1 the timber #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  #1 or something. #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. # I noticed that uh coming in on the uh the radio. It picks up on a awful lot of static #1 as soon as you come in. #
025:  #2 Well the it # #1 will unless #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
025:  {D: well as I don't} know I don't know whether it's right or not but he's about one of the first television men comes to {X} And he told me that {D: any way} some way this would go in and hit that mountain and come back.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  And they's places in here that you can't hardly get a picture now. The first television we ever got here my boy me and him bought it together and he got a boy he'd went to school with to come in here and help him put it up. Well we never did have no trouble out here getting a picture.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  But right over here at my son-in-law's they like to have never gotten one. They had about three or four different people to come.
Interviewer:  #1 Is that right? #
025:  #2 {X} # They had set that television here and yonder and out yonder and they had two or three over in in one or two days. {D: There's a o- one awful bad.} And they finally just set it right in the corner right on that uh kitchen and come in on the back you know and just a little porch out over the #1 step. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  they set it right there in the corner where these two rooms met. #1 And they've got uh #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  still got it there. {Just there.} That was the only place they #1 could find #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  after they'd tried all around in the garden and out in the field and all around that.
Interviewer:  How long ago did you get a television say?
025:  Oh we've had a television set I guess twelve fifteen #1 years. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # When did electricity come into uh the #1 uh? #
025:  #2 Forty-eight. #
Interviewer:  In the valley?
025:  Forty-eight.
Interviewer:  In forty-eight? Up until forty-eight there was #1 no? #
025:  #2 No electricity. #
Interviewer:  All right. Uh and how about uh the uh uh do do you get a newspaper uh regularly?
025:  Get a daily paper Knoxville journal #1 and then we #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  get two county #1 papers. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # Do how have you been reading that uh all along all your life? #1 {X} #
025:  #2 No not # all of my life but I've been reading it for a long long time. I don't know what how long or.
Interviewer:  All right.
025:  Thirty years or more.
Interviewer:  All right. Uh what do you call that thing you open up on a rainy day?
025:  Umbrella. #1 You ever #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
025:  see one?
Interviewer:  #1 Oh yeah {NW} #
025:  #2 {NW} # #1 We call 'em #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
025:  country people call 'em umbrellas higher {D: toned} people call 'em parasols.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 I never called it a parasol I always thought that was very high {D: tone}. #
025:  #2 {NW} # #1 But you #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
025:  see us mountain people here we just call 'em what we've always been used to calling 'em but you #1 take #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  higher classed people you know and better educated they call them parasol. {NW}
Interviewer:  Right.
025:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Now in bed the thing you rest your head on?
025:  Huh?
Interviewer:  The thing you rest your head on in bed?
025:  It's a pillow.
Interviewer:  #1 Alright what e- #
025:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  what else is on a bed besides a pillow? #1 Uh. #
025:  #2 Well # you take us older people that used to have they've got feather beds. {D: But} we still don't. But uh there there uh mattresses you know. People use mattresses now. But now back in my days my grandma kept around a hundred geese. And you'd pick them geese every six weeks and back as far as I was a little boy you could sell them feathers for a dollar a pound. #1 I don't know where #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  you couldn't buy 'em I don't guess now unless they'd {D: I don't know or} what they'd do yeah there's no geese anymore in this country #1 I guess #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  {D: there are in other places} but they'd gather them ol' geese up. They'd go up and down that street you know for a mile. That was my job to gather them up. It'd take two or three days to gather them geese up. And then they'd get some old women who knowed how to do it and they'd catch them ol' geese and put 'em between their legs and they'd #1 pull #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm. #
025:  them feathers and then about six weeks more they'd be feathered out again.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  And them pillows you'd make 'em out of them goose #1 feathers. #
Interviewer:  #2 Did they ever # make a long one that went the full length of the top of the bed?
025:  Yeah that's what you'd what you sleep on.
Interviewer:  I mean just one long pillow that #1 went all. #
025:  #2 Well # that's just not a pillow it's a {NS}
Auxiliary :  Now I can hear what you hear better on the {X}.
025:  {D: Now this bed's not made up but} #1 you can #
Interviewer:  #2 Sure. #
025:  {X}
Interviewer:  Yeah I see.
025:  {X}
Interviewer:  Yeah I mean something
025:  {D: The mattress is under} #1 here. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah # I mean something that you have across here I guess a pillow. Have you ever seen one of those that goes like #1 that? #
025:  #2 I # {D: I guess I have.} {D: It goes on across} {X}
Interviewer:  Huh.
025:  {D: a double bed}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  {D: two pillows.}
Interviewer:  Right.
025:  {X} Turn it up #1 double it #
Interviewer:  #2 Huh. #
025:  sleep on it.
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
025:  #2 {X} # {D: Out on bump their head} I'll sleep on two pillows.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh What was that that you said about some of those {X}
025:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  You said some of those pillows would go?
025:  Well now that feather #1 bed there. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  That ain't a pillow that #1 goes the #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  whole width of the bed.]
Interviewer:  Yeah. Okay.
025:  We've got several of them because they've come down through the generation but now you couldn't get 'em.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  But now my wife will do this {NW} {D: when they} kill chickens you know we used to before we got to buying already {D: dressed you'd} kill our own chickens. Well they'd take care of them feathers you know and that make puts them in these cushions here you #1 see. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  {d: That} you're sitting on now.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
025:  They're made out of chicken feathers.
Interviewer:  I see. Uh the uh uh uh about the last things you put on a bed?
025:  Huh?
Interviewer:  The last thing that's put on a #1 bed? #
025:  #2 Well them's # quilts or coverlets
Interviewer:  What's the difference between a quilt and a coverlet?
025:  Well now quilts uh thing of something like that would be a coverlet uh in there only they're different and I told you the other day that #1 one was #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  handmade. It's come down through my great grandmother.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  That would be a I don't know I reckon you'd call that a I've always heared 'em called coverlets or spreads #1 or something like #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  that and then yonder you see on them beds it's a different kind that's {X}
Interviewer:  {X}
025:  That's handmade #1 a hundred #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  years old.
Interviewer:  What would you call that thing in #1 there? #
025:  #2 Uh # spreads.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh #
025:  #2 Or something # like that. That's coverlet now you talking about coverlet that's all it's been called as far as I know. A coverlet.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  But them would be #1 bedspreads or something #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. {X} #
025:  like that.
Interviewer:  And what's a quilt? #1 How would that be? #
025:  #2 Well now # a quilt's a thing that's that's made you know and it's cotton #1 between the #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  quilting and the lining.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  If you don't know I can show you. There are a lot of quilts here if you'd rather see it.
Interviewer:  Well I just wondered how what kind of a #1 distinction #
025:  #2 Well # {D: now they}
Interviewer:  #1 you made? #
025:  #2 women # done the quilting they get their frames and put 'em up here and then gather in and quilt 'em. And they first take something like a sheet you know or a big heavy piece of white cloth and sew it together. And uh then they'd take this cotton. And put between it now they'd piece these squares you know and take and sew 'em down there.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  Make all kinds of quilts them quilts is gotten nearly you can get twenty-five thirty dollars a piece for 'em.
Interviewer:  What do you call a bed that's made up flat on the floor?
025:  A what?
Interviewer:  A well you know like if you had a whole lot of kids over to the house #1 and? #
025:  #2 Oh # them's pallets. Pallets. {X} That's what we always #1 called 'em. I don't know #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. Sure. #
025:  what other people called 'em.
Interviewer:  Now uh what what do you call a uh uh what different kinds of of of uh soil how would you just kind of describe the different kinds of soil you have on your
025:  #1 Soil? #
Interviewer:  #2 your # place yeah. I don't want technical names. #1 I just need. #
025:  #2 Well # that's just difference in soil you take {NW} two or three fields right close together. There'll be different kinds of soil. Now you take in our country most of it in this low land is black. Black soil. Soil. but you get up on hilltops and higher land and the soil don't go so deep {D: of you get down there just} red clay.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  And you take down in the lower end of the county. I've got a son-in-law down there and they raise a lot stuff you know. And they bring us up they've got yellow just yellow clay soil. And the other day they brung uh some beans up here {D: and I was told to} pay for a bushel of them beans. And you'll get that red soil when you're done you gotta go wash your hands that red soil #1 with our #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. #
025:  beans ain't that way. That #1 soil #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. #
025:  don't stick to 'em. We've got a black {D: thick} soil here.
Interviewer:  You call that black soil anything?
025:  Well #1 that's just #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
025:  black soil or clay soil you know.
Interviewer:  What do you call that black kind of sticky soil? That that really it's black and kind of wet.
025:  Well I don't know what you'd call that unless it'd be mud.
Interviewer:  #1 Do you have anything you call jumbo soil or gumbo? #
025:  #2 {X} No # I never did hear of that.
Interviewer:  Okay and uh uh a place out in the uh uh uh out near uh a uh uh branch or a creek or or a branch or a stream that has water on it during the in the spring and then later you can plow it.
025:  {D: Well they would say} I've got a lot of overflow land.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  Creeks will get up get over and it leaves uh it used to leave a lot of soil now it leaves tin cans #1 and old plastic #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  containers that #1 peoples #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  throwed out and throwed them in the creek and are all over your pasture land and all over your. It's it's getting mean. Even bottles and and uh {NW} it's mean but when I was a boy that stuff wasn't throwed in the #1 creek. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  And this land would overflow and leave that rich stuff on there and then you'd take a field that overflow like that. It'd be the richest field you #1 had. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm. #
025:  Unless there's somewhere where they get the washing. If you cultivated it and it come up one of them big floods while it was in corn or some {X} I keep mine all in pasture and hay in #1 them #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. #
025:  overflow places.
Interviewer:  #1 Would you call #
025:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Would you call that bot- is that the same thing as bottom land?
025:  Bottom land is creek bottom or river bottom of course creek bottoms here and out yonder you can see 'em there along the highway it does that out along the highway there.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
025:  It's overflows and now Sevierville's you take Sevierville's. Sevierville's right in the forks of two {X} two uh rivers. It gets the whole watershed to this cove #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. #
025:  this mountain here.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  And uh They come together right at the lower end of Sevierville down there at the bridge #1 right after you #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  pass the co-op before you turn over there to John Denton right there's where they come together.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  You cross the to go to John Denton's you crossed what they call the Fred C Atchley #1 bridge. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  Well the other bridges there goes across four forty-one. Well the two rivers come together right there.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  And it'd just wash the rubble away.
Interviewer:  Huh. Is that right?
025:  Oh it'd be all over Sevierville. Well they've spent thousands and thousands of dollars there it just got so bad they had to do something. It ruined the the the post office up there had a big basement. And it come down them streets you know and run they just lost that basement in that court house this office. Or or {NW} it used to be down under there. And a lot of other offices. {X} Post office a great big place #1 but you. #
Interviewer:  #2 What are the names # of those rivers?
025:  Well one of 'em is East Fork and the other one is Little Pigeon.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
025:  #2 The one that # comes down from Gatlinburg is Little Pigeon.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  And the one that comes down from the other side down in here is called uh {C: background noise} East Fork. But the two rivers gets the whole watersheds. {D: And I mean get and and uh} this creek here and what water comes out of here and up Gatlinburg and them all comes down Little Pigeon. Well all down back over yonder it comes down East Fork.
Interviewer:  #1 All right. #
025:  #2 And # you get them two rivers together with the whole watersheds of the whole county
Interviewer:  Yeah.
025:  you've got a mess of water.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  But they've spend thousands of dollars on down below John Denton's plumb way on down in there you know. If you just look at it you can see they've opened that river out and drilled it out.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  And my boy lives {D: right} street across the river over there. when you start over to John Denton's after you cross the Fred Atchley bridge there's {X} a town in there that's called {D: Love-Addition} and my boy lives there. You just it's just right after you cross the bridge you turn #1 right. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  And there's a great big little town. Well it'd just cover that up.
Interviewer:  #1 Is that right? #
025:  #2 My # {D: boy bought his and he bought on every street} and them folks would have to vacate in there.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  And now then it don't it don't do that anymore. It #1 don't overflow #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  anymore. They had to do something it was about to wash Sevierville away.
Interviewer:  #1 Is there uh? #
025:  #2 You see # Sevierville's low. #1 It's low #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  land.
Interviewer:  Is there isn't there another fork that comes uh you said the #1 East Fork. #
025:  #2 No it's just # them two forks. That East Fork.
Interviewer:  Is there something called middle fork?
025:  No it's East #1 Fork and #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  Little Pigeon.
Interviewer:  #1 I see #
025:  #2 Little # Pigeon comes from Gatlinsburg and that side of the mountain. Well that gets all this community you know. It goes down here and it goes over here and meets with Waldens creek and they go on down there and they get into middle creek and then middle creek empties into the Little Pigeon. Down there below with Henderson Springs just down in there below where you hit four forty-one.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  And that goes on and then the watersheds the rest of it. {D: But the} Little Pigeon comes from the Gatlinburg side. #1 Well then you #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  get on down there and East Fork comes from what they call Pittman Center you know and on that other end of the county.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  And so the whole watersheds of the county from Sevierville back and from Sevierville {X} has to come into them two rivers. And it comes in {X} Sevierville. {D: And so that was in wonders} Servierville ain't been washed away.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Now where's the pi- Little Pigeon what what does that run into?
025:  It runs in the the Little Pigeon. Little Pigeon now it comes down the {D: two four} #1 going to #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  Servierville it comes from down from #1 {D: Gatlinburg.} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  #1 And that's #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  in and that #1 gets #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  this water.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And then where does the where does the Little Pigeon then flow to?
025:  Well now that's Little Pigeon. East Fork
Interviewer:  Mm.
025:  comes in over there under the Fred Atchley bridge #1 where you #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  cross #1 going to John Denton's #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. #
025:  they both come together right there at them two bridges. #1 Right there is #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
025:  where they run into one another.
Interviewer:  Do they flow into the French Broad then?
025:  Yeah they go on into the French Broad. And then {C: background noise} the French Broad goes on into the what is it. There's a Knoxville, Holston.
Interviewer:  #1 Holston. #
025:  #2 Hmm. # #1 East Tenne- east Tennessee or something. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # How far is the French Broad from here?
025:  #1 Well the French Broad ain't too #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
025:  far over there from John Denton's. #1 That's where the #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  Douglas Dam you #1 see the #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. #
025:  French Broad River.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. #1 Now #
025:  #2 French # Broad River comes out of out North Carolina would you believe that?
Interviewer:  Yeah yeah I would. {NW}
025:  First time ever I went {X} we was coming back you know and {X} come on down through there through uh Murphy North Carolina and down through there and there's fella sitting there and I said what's the name of that river. He said that's French Broad. Oh I said that can't be French Broad. I said French Broad is over in my county. I said that river can't get across that {D: mountain.}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  And he said it does. He said that's French Broad. He said it goes right on and goes through Cocke County Sevier County and Jefferson County and right on into I don't know is that the Hudson River there you don't know #1 Knoxville well. #
Interviewer:  #2 Hol- Hol- #
025:  #1 Holston River. #
Interviewer:  #2 Holston or #
025:  #1 something. It #
Interviewer:  #2 It's the Holston yeah. #
025:  goes in there and that river that down the street bridges over what ever that is.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
025:  There's two or three rivers there. I #1 get 'em #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  mixed up. There's the Tennessee River #1 and the Holston #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  River.
Interviewer:  Now do they uh when you're talking about this low this kind of this low land where you where you grow hay uh did you ever call what would you call uh that kind of a field?
025:  That's a meadow. We call them meadows.
Interviewer:  #1 And then uh uh #
025:  #2 As an old man # told me one time. He said that's all Sevierville ever done said it {D: run the} biggest meadow. He said it {D: run} one of the finest meadows in the county.
Interviewer:  {NW} #1 {NW} #
025:  #2 {X} # You know Maryville.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh #
025:  #2 You've # been through #1 Maryville. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  Maryville's on high land.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  You never notice that?
Interviewer:  Well I #1 I #
025:  #2 It's on # higher land.
Interviewer:  {X}
025:  Well now down here in Sevierville they couldn't have put Sevierville in a worse place. #1 Nowhere in #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. #
025:  the county than right there where all them rivers comes #1 together. It's a #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  thousand wonders it ain't be washed #1 away. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
025:  And it's just become {X}
Interviewer:  Uh how about land that uh that has water standing on it all the time?
025:  Them swamps.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
025:  #2 Like # they have down in Florida. {NS}
Interviewer:  Oh did have you if you have a swampy land and you want to cultivate it how do you how do you take care of that?
025:  Well there's some of it you can't do nothing about. Some of it you can take bulldozers and backhoes and ditch it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  Drain it and put in tile and that's one thing where they {D: sure they help us} out here. They see the g- in things like that the government will pay for some of it you see.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
025:  And a lot of people will take and take them backhoes and clean that out and tile it and make good farm land out of it.
Interviewer:  Now uh. #1 {X} #
025:  #2 In places # where they can.
Interviewer:  What do you call that thing that you cut with a backhoe?
025:  Huh?
Interviewer:  That thing that you cut with a backhoe. That you?
025:  Well that's ditching or something like that
Interviewer:  #1 {X} Would you call that a ditch or a or a? #
025:  #2 or something like that. We call it ditching or draining. We # just call it a ditch.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. uh
025:  {X} Some of 'em's big and some of 'em's little.
Interviewer:  #1 Now do you call #
025:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  call this a cove or a valley. Uh how about something smaller than this up in the #1 mountains? #
025:  #2 Well # now that ain't what a cove is. Cove is a place just like this that's surrounded by #1 mountains. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  and when I was telling you the other day about {X} mountain. There's another little cove over there that's between two mountains. Well it's less than this one it's called the little cove.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  But over yonder's Cades Cove. It's surrounded by mountains. It's a bigger place than Wears Valley it's Cades Cove. {NS}
Interviewer:  Did you know people from uh Cades Cove when you were uh growing up?
025:  Well a very few. Very few.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  They used to come out over here where I got acquainted with 'em. Pe- they kept lots of cattle over there.
Interviewer:  #1 Right. #
025:  #2 Some # people from over in here would go and over there and buy there cattle and bring 'em out and some of them fellas would come out here and help 'em drive 'em and they'd get 'em to here you know and we always had plenty of room. And uh they'd stay all night.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  Lock their cattle here and feed 'em you know. I knew a few not too many.
Interviewer:  Were they were they were they more were did those people keep to themselves more than the #1 {X} #
025:  #2 No they was just like us # and everybody else.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  But them people over there now course you don't understand if you's never over there. That was a great big cove. Well they had the whole Smoky Mountain back there between Tennessee and North Carolina #1 they could #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. #
025:  pasture herd their cattle. Well people would go from here now people below John Denton's and people down in there in that {X} section they'd come through here with hundreds of cattle. And they nearly all be {X} and they'd stay all night here. We'd have {X} two or three acres and you have that full.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  Well the next day they'd take them cattle and get into Cades Cove with 'em. Well the next day they'd take 'em on the mountain. Well they'd pay somebody so much a month or season to look after these cattle and sell them.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
025:  #2 I # guess the look much but they got paid for it. Then they'd go back about September October and get them cattle and bring 'em back. And uh then these Cades Cove people some of 'em made money that away looking after them cattle. Some of them made whiskey.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  and they and some of them they kept bees and they kept cattle And they had big orchards over there and they lived well. They done well. Mountain people lived well.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  They killed a lot of game and they fattened a lot of hogs and they fattened a lot of cattle and they raised their honey. They raised their other crops. You'd be surprised you oughta see that country. It's right up there under Smoky Mountain. Some it's just as level as this bottom land down here.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Now the uh something that's uh uh uh uh just a little rise in a land what would you call that? {X} The land is flat.
025:  Well they call that rolling land.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  You take right up here above the {X} that it wouldn't be rolling that ain't steep enough. But land that's you know you just barely can get over it with a mowing machine or something they call that rolling land.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Would you call that uh those hills?
025:  No it's just if you can farm it it's just rolling land. But now hills would be you take uh you can get over it if it's cleared off over yonder by my son-in-law's.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
025:  #2 {X} # there that's my field over there. And you go up there and up on top of this hill it's flat. when you get over on yonder you can see it coming up the road. It's it's steep but you know in a place or two there you can't get over it with a mowing machine. That's called rolling #1 land. #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. # How about a a channel cut by erosion in a field what would you call that?
025:  {NW} Well now I don't know just what the proper name. Most people would call that uh {D: ditch that out.} They'd say ditch it out or cut it #1 out. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Would you do you call that a gully?
025:  Well now a gully's not that. A gully is a piece of land like up here on the hill or up higher that's where the land's been cultivated and where it's water started down and and r- and run. You can take a place like that and and take where you've turned it with a turning plow and leave a furrow open and you can let that go from years to years {D: and directly} there will be a ditch there.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  It's a gully to start with.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
025:  And after a while it's a big ditch.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
025:  Maybe behind your head there's one up here. My neighbors up here {NW} and uh that ditch is I guess in places it's twelve fifteen feet deep. And I've heared my grandpa say that's where that started from. Said that a man quit plowing there and just had a they call 'em back furrows you know and that would leave out, take a turn, plow would leave a great big {D: plain.} He said the water got started down there and never did stop and it made that big ditch. {D: well these places are} ten or twelve feet deep.
Interviewer:  Do you have things up in the mountains they call ravines?
025:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What how is that different?
025:  Well now them ravines the way I'd understand 'em just something that {D: can be higher something on} #1 you can #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  stand here and look at 'em. #1 You could #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  You can look at that mountain {X} Seen it all of my life. you can look at that mountain from here and there's things then you go on up here two or three miles and then you can go on up a little further and there's things that you can see from up there that you can't see here.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  #1 That's funny. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # #1 Yeah #
025:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Yeah. What are the names of the mountains here?
025:  #1 Well now that's #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
025:  Cove Mountain. And this is over on this side the Hatchers all lived over there. That's called the Hatcher Mountain. And that's just the Cove Mountain #1 over there. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  That's the big mountain. And the land on this side of the cove that's {D: spread} from that big uh mountain is a whole lot better land. That #1 land #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  over there is sandy land. And it ain't near as good of land as land on that side next to this big #1 mountain. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  Had an old man come here one time from Union County and he bought a good farm up here and he said that the reason I wanted that farm he said I could have bought a farm somewhere else. But he said I's looking at that big mountain. He said land that's fed from that big mountain is richer land and it is. The land on that #1 side of the #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  valley is a whole lot better than the land on this side. You can take that land over there and it's sandy and open land make or dig a well on it. If you dig a well you have to dig it now people used to dig 'em by hand. There's one fella that used to live here in my place and he bought this land {D: over I think he} dug five or six wells. And then he f- started at digging hand wells. Then he got these uh well diggers {NS} and they finally made a trade with him. No water no money.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  They dug about three wells {D: before they ever got in one.} They dug that well and they had to {D: case it or something.}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Now would would do they have any of that that they ca- ever called that sandy land loam?
025:  Well that'd b- I guess that's what you'd #1 call it. #
Interviewer:  #2 Do you have any # kind of land you call red bud land?
025:  Any any what?
Interviewer:  Red bud land.
025:  I never did #1 hear that. Now there's #
Interviewer:  #2 Or crawfish. #
025:  red clay. Well now there's crawfish land. I've got that.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  That's this bottom land where the crawfish {X} get in there you know and they'll just crawfish will dig out a great big hole {X}
Interviewer:  How about in the mountain a place where you'd be standing out there and it's just a sheer drop down there. What would you call that?
025:  Well I don't know whether you'd call that a canyon or what you'd #1 call it. #
Interviewer:  #2 I mean # where you're standing though is it called like a cliff? A cliff a?
025:  Cliff well that would be a cliff you know.
Interviewer:  Are there a lot of those around uh right in this?
025:  No not as I know of right around here them cliffs them hollows you know is just deep hollows and some of 'em so steep you can't climb 'em. But them wouldn't be called cliffs. Cliffs as I've I've always understood was {X} big group of pile of rocks. Now these would be cliffs coming up Cove Creek. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Now when the water comes down is does as the water is running along and it suddenly drops down. What's that called?
025:  Well I just don't know what the proper name for that would be. but now them waters comes down hollows #1 in low #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  places that water don't run off in them high places. They run off in them high places and run down the low places {D: in every} place like that. There's a hollow somewhere you look on #1 the Cove #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  Creek. #1 There's a #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  hollow #1 somewhere. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  When I here a few Sundays ago it come awful rain in the upper end of the valley. and didn't rain much here and the creek come down out the #1 banks. And #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  that evening me and my daughter-in-law {D: went on up there.} Well all where this erosion #1 or something #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  that comes from that #1 side. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  The water hits that. #1 There's #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  gotta be somewhere for that water to go and of course the water always hits the lowest places it can #1 come to #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  to run.
Interviewer:  Uh do they do they are there are there any large waterfalls on this side any large falls on this #1 side? #
025:  #2 No # not that I know of. There are over in Cades Cove. They've got some falls over there in {X} called Abram Falls but I've never been to it. You have to walk #1 or ride something. #
Interviewer:  #2 Do you # call that though where the water where it just is it runs pretty fast and it's it's always uh {X} you call that white water or uh uh? #1 {X} #
025:  #2 Well # out in the you mean where it runs #1 fast? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
025:  That's swift water. We call that swift water.
Interviewer:  Okay.
025:  That's what it gets when the creek gets up. The more water the faster it runs. #1 You can #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  {D: take a little ol' branch. Take enough of water in it.} Water a horse. #1 And let it #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  come a rain and it will be waist deep. #1 Or maybe uh #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  places would be higher than that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} Now the uh uh mr Denton was telling me yesterday about the the road building. When they have to work on the roads did you have to do that? #1 Did you have to do that? #
025:  #2 Yeah I was overseer # for years and years {D: ever.} Wears Cove was laid off in three or four sections.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  And the people from certain {D: so far here} worked this roads. Well I had one man that uh almost every two or three years they'd get another man you know and have {D: overseer driving that around.} Well that was his job to get out. He had to get out and go warn 'em and tell 'em that they's gonna work the road.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  And uh they get 'em all there together and if they didn't work the road well they had to pay that or pay somebody #1 else to go. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  And if a man was just {NW} he had to work six days a year
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  But if a man had a team they gave him three days with him and his team. #1 And I'd always #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  use a team maybe two teams and put mine in one day and a half.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  But uh these fellas are just didn't know nothing but their own labor had to put in six days or pay six dollars.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  And uh you'd have about two mile I guess or something like that to the section.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  And uh in the graders you'd pick three teams. They had these ol' horse graders that's what we used for graders. Now they've got bulldozers that's all we had is just ol' horse drawn graders.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  And then they'd take their picks and shovels and keep the ditches opened #1 up you know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # What kinds of roads did they build? #1 Were they were those what what #
025:  #2 {X} Just those dirt # road. There's no rock on 'em and in bad places they'd go to where the sand come out up here. This Methodist church used to be an awful lot of sand in that branch there. Any more along this creek where you'd get to it they'd hold sand and put on them #1 bad #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  placing and rocks.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
025:  I've got a place over yonder I {X} {D: there} if it was dug down in there the rocks are deep as #1 mine or your #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  head if it was dug down #1 to it. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
025:  Just these low places #1 they just #
Interviewer:  #2 #
025:  go through where ever they can find 'em and haul #1 rocks and #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. #
025:  fill them holes up.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
025:  And then cover 'em up with sand. #1 You could #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
025:  get {X} of sand you know out of this creek and these branches.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
025:  #2 Especially # on this side of the #1 cove. #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. # {NS} When did uh um {X}