027: {NW} my friend {B} now wait you mean other than the main there there's a bed in the bedroom and then a little Interviewer: #1 alcove # Interviewer: #2 yes # 027: she had one for her small daughter Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 which later she # used as a sewing room Interviewer: uh-huh did she have a special name for that 027: no I think she called it my little room Interviewer: okay I was wondering if you've ever heard of anything like a sink bedroom 027: huh-uh Interviewer: or a sleeping sometimes a sleeping house is another one 027: no Interviewer: sleeping house or sink bed sink bedroom cuz it's little 027: uh-huh Interviewer: the term but I've never 027: #1 neither have I # Interviewer: #2 {X} but # and on the windows the things you 027: you speaking of shades Interviewer: #1 I # 027: #2 {D: brief} curtains # Interviewer: No I'm talking about now rollers you call them 027: #1 shades # Interviewer: #2 shades # uh and then uh what are blinds do you ever use the term blinds 027: yes we had them all over one house we lived in Interviewer: #1 venetian blinds {X} venetian blinds # 027: #2 venetian blinds # we had blinds outside and venetian blinds inside #1 blinds or # Interviewer: #2 what were # 027: shutters Interviewer: uh-huh 027: that come on the outside and can be closed and you can't open Interviewer: uh-huh 027: move well we have movable shutters over there on the Interviewer: uh-huh 027: past through there uh scale from outdoor blinds I guess Interviewer: okay now um in the bedroom uh the the well the hang the clothes up that is a 027: closet Interviewer: alright and have you ever had a movable one something like that that you could 027: no now Bill's family had a a wardrobe Interviewer: uh-huh 027: that uh it must be what you're talking Interviewer: Yeah but I had a great deal of difficulty with mrs. Toby she uh insisted that she calls the closet the wardrobe 027: many people do Interviewer: yeah 027: uh-huh #1 that's # Interviewer: #2 and # 027: quite true Interviewer: yeah and there's no uh and she uh 027: {NW} no black and white that if that's a wardrobe Interviewer: {X} they moved in it uh uh and some houses uh between the above the ceiling there's a an area sometimes we use it as storage area 027: oh the attic we don't have one of those Interviewer: and the in the kitchen oh what do you call these things here the white you have these white doors what 027: {D: liver door} Interviewer: yeah what's behind those 027: closets Interviewer: those are you call them 027: #1 storage closets # Interviewer: #2 you'd call them yeah # you call I was {NW} I was going to point those out to to mrs Hill but then I thought no I don't know what those were #1 {X} you have to # 027: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: have have you know that opens up a completely different a terms so I avoid it in a kitchen sometimes there's a little place where you uh a small something like a closet we saw can goods and things 027: pantry Interviewer: and you had a little room where you kept old worthless furniture and implements and things like that 027: I figured most people call it a junk room Interviewer: and the and you called the the stuff that you put in there 027: junk Interviewer: okay and every morning someone goes around and 027: sweeps Interviewer: or just yeah sweeps and dusts all of those things together she you might 027: cleans Interviewer: yeah which I asked mrs Hill about that and I said I asked her about {D: read stuff} and she said I got a lot of bad words I use and even I don't use that 027: my grandmother did Interviewer: yeah I know that I think that's uh 027: my German grandmother Interviewer: is that right 027: uh-huh she always read at the table Interviewer: yeah I think that's about two generations but that's interesting maybe it's uh I never thought of it in terms of a of a possible Germanism but it could be 027: she's the only person that ever used it Interviewer: well you hear it a lot in western things you know old fashioned you know that old fashioned um and you sweep the floor with uh 027: broom Interviewer: alright and we're talking about um this in relation to this you could say this is 027: what the ashtray's almost full Interviewer: no he doesn't know but now it's 027: no it's beside it #1 a little lower # Interviewer: #2 lower # uh-huh 027: behind Interviewer: #1 well yeah well I was getting # 027: #2 it okay # Interviewer: in back of or behind it 027: behind Interviewer: alright the uh 027: {X} I might tell you that the supermarket was back of the uh garage I would I would more likely in giving you directions said that one building was back of another one than say it was behind it Interviewer: yeah maybe that has something to do with temporary versus permanant relationships 027: I don't know I hadn't thought Interviewer: #1 {X} yeah sure I # 027: #2 about it before but I just realized when I said behind that I do use back of # Interviewer: do too I wonder why I have I'll think about that that that's uh that's good but if you're talking about something if you're talking about something say the broom and the uh the door would you say it's back of the door or behind the door 027: behind the door Interviewer: okay and uh on Monday traditionally women did their 027: washing Interviewer: and on Tuesday 027: ironing Interviewer: and taken together you'd call that the 027: laundry Interviewer: and to get from the first floor to the second floor you might have to walk up 027: the stairs Interviewer: and outside coming from coming up into the house you might have to walk 027: up steps Interviewer: okay and out you mentioned that um in the house you you had a screened in 027: porches uh-huh Interviewer: uh now does a porch have to what what must a porch have in order to be a porch in your mind 027: uh that's real interesting because I call a terrace a porch half the time because I grew up with #1 porches # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 027: and uh Bill is very opposed to porches and we don't have porches Interviewer: mm-hmm 027: I think a porch has to be um not only attached to the house but uh elevated a little bit and roofed over Interviewer: okay it have to if it didn't now how is a terrace different from a patio 027: I think just because we're not in the west Interviewer: uh-huh 027: because it's an enclosed paved area that comes out of the house which is exactly what a patio is I guess Interviewer: yeah 027: but now we also call it a terrace now that you can't see just beyond this there's a another little place that winds out in the side walk down at the end of the rose bed where we have some chairs and a table and we call that the lower terrace Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and I don't really know why just the terminology we Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 use # Interviewer: uh that's interesting uh but I was wondering about the now would you have a different name for a large porch as opposed to a small one 027: a one that goes all the way around the house or all across the front would probably be a veranda Interviewer: uh-huh 027: but now that's getting into old Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 terminology # Interviewer: and uh just something up in like if you just come up the uh the steps in front of a house and there's just a 027: stoop Interviewer: okay now would that be is that a word you used in your childhood 027: yes Interviewer: okay uh a name for a damp cloth for wiping the floor 027: a rag Interviewer: uh do you this is probably you don't remember them doing the floor with you sand 027: {NW} no but I took my mother's pots and pans out cleaned them with sand after I baked a cake the first time Interviewer: {NW} if the door were open but you didn't want it that way you might tell someone please 027: close the door Interviewer: or not open but 027: shut Interviewer: and on a frame house they sometimes put up uh around the over the over the frame 027: oh siding Interviewer: alright and uh say I think I will get in the car and up to Knoxville and 027: go to Knoxville Interviewer: #1 {X} the car # 027: #2 I'll drive # Interviewer: #1 and yesterday I # 027: #2 uh-huh # drove Interviewer: and I have 027: driven Interviewer: and the out and the outer part of the house that the rain falls on is the 027: the roof Interviewer: yeah and the part that the rain is collected in around the edges 027: uh the gutters Interviewer: now kind of a a multi gabbled house you know that uh uh you know you call that space between where the gabbles come together 027: #1 the peak # Interviewer: #2 and leave # yeah the peaks are up here but 027: #1 oh # Interviewer: #2 then # 027: no I don't the valleys the peaks and the valleys of the roof uh-huh Interviewer: um a uh something a separate building or something built onto the house or or a a little building for utilities uh implements and things 027: uh tool shed utility room Interviewer: now uh before they had indoor plumbing they had 027: outhouses Interviewer: uh any other jocular expressions for that or 027: my grandmother called it the garden house Interviewer: is that right 027: #1 and uh Bill's grandmother # Interviewer: #2 that I had that down here # 027: uh family called it the little house Interviewer: uh-huh that's good the garden house 027: my grandmother called it the garden house and she had roses growing off of it Interviewer: uh that's good uh someone that's telling you his problems and you say you might say I have my troubles I my own troubles 027: I have my own #1 troubles # Interviewer: #2 right # and someone says uh talking about uh a word and might say did you uh have you ever that 027: heard that Interviewer: and you say yes I 027: heard it Interviewer: uh 027: or I have heard it Interviewer: yeah okay um and someone says have you talking about seeing someone today 027: #1 have you see no I have # Interviewer: #2 that I haven't # 027: not seen her Interviewer: uh-huh and what about the use of ain't in your own 027: I had a hard time with ain't because I started uh it probably in junior high as a cute thing to #1 say # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 027: and I had a hard time breaking myself Interviewer: I see but as a small child it wasn't uh 027: no it it was something our our help used but we didn't Interviewer: uh-huh 027: that sort of thing but then I went through this cute period where I picked up many lovely expressions that I have quite a horrible time Interviewer: {NW} uh you know the expression {D: empty} uh meaning wanting to know if you might say to confirm something are you going and something that you might put on the end of a sentence are you going {D: empty} 027: mm-mm Interviewer: That isn't at all familiar alright uh someone asks uh about doing something you say all the time I all the time I 027: yes I do that all the time Interviewer: alright he 027: does it all the time Interviewer: uh-huh and then say you might ask someone else about you would say 027: didn't he do this Interviewer: and does 027: does he or did he or Interviewer: yeah does he what I said the whole thing does he does he 027: {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 well using # Interviewer: do it in that sentence 027: oh does he do it Interviewer: yeah and you said yes he 027: uh-huh he does it yes Interviewer: alright and you say a a person who doesn't uh um take care of {D: whether he} watch out or what he's supposed to do you know you might say {D: he about anything} he's a 027: he doesn't look Interviewer: yeah 027: uh Interviewer: see you've been concerned about him I'd say he doesn't 027: he doesn't care about anything Interviewer: alright and if you wanted to do um uh uh you wanted to confirm something that someone else uh has has said you might say you don't think so 027: do you Interviewer: #1 {D: that sound like you she might be {X}} # 027: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: uh uh if you're not certain about something you might say I'm not 027: I'm not sure Interviewer: uh 027: half the time the rest of the time I would say certain Interviewer: alright um uh this was more sure as opposed to for sure I'm not 027: never for sure Interviewer: alright um uh have you spoken to so and so you'd say I talking to him when you came over I 027: I was talking to him Interviewer: uh-huh you 027: were talking to him Interviewer: uh and then talk about thinking about something you'd say all day long I 027: I was thinking about you Interviewer: have been 027: I have been yeah Interviewer: yeah uh and someone does something kind a strange your child kind of misbehaves say I wonder him do that I wonder what 027: I wonder made him do that Interviewer: in the in the present though say I wonder what made 027: what makes him Interviewer: yeah and say I don't know if he did that or not but people talk about thinking he did say people 027: people say he did Interviewer: yeah okay and that's fine and do do you and people uh people think he 027: I don't know whether he did that people think he did Interviewer: okay 027: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 and # the building a person lives in is a 027: well that's a question it's a house but it's also a home Interviewer: okay yeah now what how but what's plural the plural of house say 027: houses Interviewer: alright and the largest out building on a farm 027: it's a barn Interviewer: and the building for storing corn 027: oh dear the granary Interviewer: alright now did do you is that strictly literary or do you you know 027: grandfather had a granary Interviewer: and he kept corn in it 027: he kept grain in it now I don't Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 know if it was # corn Interviewer: #1 no now that # 027: #2 or not # I was a small child Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 when he died # Interviewer: okay well the granary how about corn crib or um 027: #1 now that I have # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: heard that term but I don't know what it what it is Interviewer: okay 027: I'm not much of a farmer Interviewer: uh there a lot of questions about but that's okay we'll {X} uh today upper part of the barn 027: it's the loft Interviewer: and the um a large collection of hay out on in a field 027: the hay stack Interviewer: and uh have you ever seen one with four poles and a sliding roof 027: a hay stack Interviewer: yeah 027: #1 huh-uh # Interviewer: #2 a covering # for a hay stack and at haying time the hay is sometimes tied up in a 027: the hay's not tied in shocks bales Interviewer: yeah well it used to sometime they used to put it in shocks 027: #1 did they # Interviewer: #2 uh yeah # 027: Bill is much more knowledgeable about #1 farm terminology than I # Interviewer: #2 {X} yeah # and the uh shelter for cows something attached to the 027: uh I would think the barn I don't know Interviewer: uh which do do you know the term cow bar or #1 oh cow {X} # 027: #2 oh yes cow barn oh yes # we have all kinds of barns Interviewer: uh-huh 027: hay barns and cow barns and uh-huh Interviewer: and uh and uh and a shelter for horses 027: it would be a stable Interviewer: alright and uh uh place where cows are staked to a pen at milking time outside is a is a 027: that I don't know they milk them inside #1 I think # Interviewer: #2 alright # the uh in terms of milk gap or cow pen they'll {X} alright and a shelter enclosure for hogs 027: would be a pig pen or a pigsty I suppose Interviewer: alright and a uh a place a uh a kind of farm that uh produce milk and butter 027: a dairy farm Interviewer: and a uh place where the stock is kept and fed near the near the barn 027: #1 {X} lot # Interviewer: #2 might be (X) # okay and then a uh a place where the cows a graze 027: in the pasture or meadow Interviewer: alright and to weed cotton with a hoe do you know what that's called 027: chopping cotton I bet Interviewer: okay that's right 027: that's getting down to Mississippi Interviewer: alright yeah uh to um uh any uh you know the name of any kinds of undesirable grass in a in a cotton field 027: not in a cotton field no cuz I don't know anything about cotton I can tell you about all kinds of {X} our yard Interviewer: #1 what kinds what kinds of weeds do # 027: #2 {X} # Well we have Bermuda grass well you can't grow uh any good grass around here blue grass because the Bermuda chokes it anyway and we have Johnson grass and we have crab grass and uh we have {D: plantain} and dandelion and Interviewer: you have uh Johnson grass but is it uh 027: it {X} see this whole subdivision used to be a farm and of the strange things that weren't wanted on the farm still pop up Interviewer: I see {NS} now if you're talking about a um place in the on a farm and you plant something you call that a 027: garden or a field Interviewer: Now what if it's not quite as big as a field 027: I would think it was a garden Interviewer: you have nothing between garden and field then a term 027: I don't believe uncle Hugh does Interviewer: {D: nothing of} planting uh 027: you're thinking of tobacco patch Interviewer: yeah you could use the word patch for something between uh a garden and a field 027: I don't know I think of a tobacco patch as just what I see when they put out the tobacco beds in the spring when they set the plants up cover them with tobacco cloth but everybody here has a tobacco allotment and I think it's a field size Interviewer: uh-huh 027: allotment Interviewer: okay now would you name some different kinds of fences 027: oh uh well we have a wind break out there at the end of each rose bed uh which are wooden fences and there's the Kentucky white wooden fence Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 that's # very pretty there's the picket fence of course there's page chain wire and then there's the farm wire and there's the barbed wire Interviewer: now what's what's a a picket fence 027: it is very much like our wood wind break out there except the pickets are pointed at the top there are narrow boards which are pointed at the top and their decorative Interviewer: how tall are they 027: they can be just about any height #1 {X} guess # Interviewer: #2 you mean if they were two feet # three feet or four feet it wouldn't make any 027: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 difference it would still be # 027: uh-huh Interviewer: picket fence um and do you remember any rail fences {X} 027: yes Interviewer: do you remember what they did they have any special name for for them uh 027: oh I had always just heard them called rail fences now uh Bill will tell you about stakes and riders Interviewer: uh-huh 027: which I think are the uh pieces that are used at the end of so many rails to support them Interviewer: um now did they did they call that did they call fences stake and rider fences around here as far as you know in this 027: #1 I think that something Bill # Interviewer: #2 area # 027: brought with him from Mississippi Interviewer: mm-hmm okay um and when you you're going to put up a fence in every corner you have to drive in a 027: {D: tar post} Interviewer: but a fence yeah alright and you have four of those so you have four 027: four corner post Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 four corners # to fence Interviewer: alright and a um uh if you took the loose rocks and stones out of the field and made what would you call that 027: a wall a stone {D: row} and uh when they just stacked up like this uh we used to call them slave walls because they were usually built by slave labor Interviewer: uh-huh 027: now ours out here uh was built by Bill and Thomas and it's uh the stones uh that he took out of Douglas lake when it was down it was stones that were the the uh foundation for his great great grandfather's house which is built on a land grant from the king in the territory of North Carolina Interviewer: is that right 027: so that's why we have that little stone fence out there Interviewer: and they were transport he transport where'd he he 027: up on Douglas Lake uh Bill took a trip up there when the lake was down and took some then had them get these uh stones out because the farm house uh was under water after the lake came up Interviewer: {X} that was is is Douglas Lake in North Carolina 027: no it's uh up here in Jefferson County Tennessee above Dandridge Interviewer: well how was that I don't understand about the land grant for the house 027: #1 uh what was # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: from the King of England of when this was all North Carolina Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and uh Bill's uh relatives his ancestors settled that long ago but they owned their property by a grant from the King of England Interviewer: I see so uh up north {X} North Carolina then was uh included 027: we it it included all of Tennessee Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and then uh part of Tennessee what is now Tennessee uh from an independent state which was called the state of Franklin Interviewer: yeah 027: which existed for about two years and then we became Tennessee Interviewer: uh-huh yeah I remember I hadn't thought of it cuz I remember when you were mentioning before about the the developments in the late eighteenth century cuz I don't I have in my mind about nothing much happening before eighteen hundred but there certainly was 027: yes there was a lot happening around Interviewer: #1 sure # 027: #2 here # Interviewer: yeah um good dishes are sometimes called 027: are you speaking of china or the Sunday china Interviewer: well what's the difference between those two 027: none as far as I'm concerned except my wedding china which cannot be replaced I use more often uh for company china my everyday china which is more expensive than my wedding china is still my everyday china because it can be replaced Interviewer: I see would you call 027: they are both china I don't have any porcelain Interviewer: I see but you'd call them both uh you you'd call the one Sunday or company 027: good or wedding Interviewer: yeah 027: uh rather than Sunday or company actually my good china Interviewer: but but all of those terms mean the same thing 027: #1 china # Interviewer: #2 now # when you say wedding china is that because you 027: #1 got it at the time I was married it is # Interviewer: #2 specifically got it yeah # 027: mine now my mother's wedding china Interviewer: uh-huh 027: is my mother's wedding china Interviewer: I see okay now do you do you remember with chickens they used to put something into in the nest 027: uh they put some sort of a false egg in Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 to make the hen # think that she had laid one and she would start sitting a nest egg I guess it was Interviewer: #1 you never heard it # 027: #2 called # Interviewer: called the china egg though 027: I'm not sure I'm really not sure because it's not something I'm familiar with Interviewer: okay um the uh um to get water out of a well you might have to put it you have to you to take the water from the well in a 027: in a bucket Interviewer: yeah do you ever call anything else 027: the what the bucket Interviewer: or anything other than bucket 027: um no I guess you're thinking of a pail Interviewer: well I I was wondering if you'd make a distinction between one make of plastic or uh or galvanized uh 027: #1 no we'd call them # Interviewer: #2 would you call # 027: all buckets Interviewer: okay 027: I suppose {X} wooden one was the bucket and the metal one was the pail but I'm not sure Interviewer: {D: no I was gonna called them} all buckets or all pails 027: #1 oh {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I know people who call them wooden pails too # uh they um uh something to take uh food out of the house to feed the hogs you know 027: I guess your taking a bucket Interviewer: alright would you have any would call any special kind of bucket 027: oh the slop bucket Interviewer: #1 sure # 027: #2 sure slop # the hogs Interviewer: right {NW}{NW} If you're going to uh uh fry a couple eggs you do that in a 027: skillet Interviewer: alright um do you remember ever seeing any with legs they used to be used in a fire place 027: the house where my mother grew up had the big fire place across the #1 kitchen and they kept the old # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 027: uh utensil Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 there for show # Interviewer: do do you remember what that was called 027: I think it was called a spider Interviewer: okay uh and the heavy iron vessel with large opening that used to hang down in a 027: a kettle Interviewer: alright uh and what's another thing that their sometimes called a kettle 027: pot maybe Interviewer: yeah now do you make a distinction between those two terms do they uh have different 027: #1 to me # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: a pot is something you make coffee in and a kettle is something that hangs in the fire place and a pan is anything that I cook in I don't cook in pots Interviewer: okay 027: lots of people do Interviewer: yeah 027: it doesn't occur to me that Interviewer: #1 pots and pans # 027: #2 their pots # Interviewer: even if it's something like 027: #1 they're all pans # Interviewer: #2 coffee pot # 027: a coffee pot and the pans I cook in Interviewer: I see and then the and the other is the and the kettle is the 027: would be something that uh #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 would be {X} tea # tea kettle too wouldn't you 027: yes Interviewer: okay and something you put cut flowers in 027: a vase Interviewer: and uh at the table you have three implements a uh 027: knife fork spoon Interviewer: and you have a butter let's say you have at one 027: a butter spreader and salad fork Interviewer: yeah and you can take butter take butter spreader and a carving knife take those together say now I have two 027: two knives and a fork Interviewer: okay and after dinner one says now I must wash the dishes I must 027: wash the dishes Interviewer: and she holds she holds the dish under uh clear water she 027: is rinsing it Interviewer: alright and the food from the dish with the piece of cloth 027: she's scraping it Interviewer: #1 yeah what would she # 027: #2 wiping it # Interviewer: piece of cloth though what might #1 the cloth # 027: #2 oh # a dish rag Interviewer: alright and uh to dry the dish uh 027: a dish towel Interviewer: and uh a uh piece of cloth used in the bathroom for washing the face 027: wash cloth Interviewer: and dry yourself with a 027: towel Interviewer: the water at the uh sink comes out the 027: faucet Interviewer: and uh at the yard at the side of the house if you're gonna put you put the hose up to the 027: I still call it a faucet #1 y father called it # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 027: a spigot Interviewer: okay and how about uh on a barrel 027: is that a tap Interviewer: well that's that's fine uh say water last night the temperature dropped below forty-two the water in the pipe uh froze and then the pipe 027: expanded Interviewer: and then it 027: burst Interviewer: okay um something uh that pickles used to be stored in 027: oh a barrel Interviewer: alright and molasses and lard and things like that were shown in a 027: oh um in a big tin um lard can huh Interviewer: okay you know the term stand for something like that 027: huh-uh no Interviewer: um might pour uh sugar or something from a uh larger container into a smaller one and use a 027: oh um {X} Interviewer: #1 yeah sure # 027: #2 are you thinking of # Interviewer: um and if you're driving a horse you might have to crack uh 027: whip Interviewer: and you put a if you get a dozen oranges at the store at the grocery and put them {X} in a 027: in a bag Interviewer: {X} 027: or a sack Interviewer: yeah and that'd by made of what 027: oh paper or these days plastic mesh Interviewer: now alright now when you you ment- you were talking before about the use of the word pope 027: oh yes Interviewer: alright now but when you were a child was that a perfectly 027: that's what I had heard I do not know if I heard it from my family or the help but I always said paper poke until that time my godmother embarrassed Interviewer: #1 and how old were you uh # 027: #2 me so # uh seven or eight Interviewer: alright well uh where was your grandmother from 027: #1 now this was my godmother # Interviewer: #2 she was # 027: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: grown up here Interviewer: #1 I see # 027: #2 with my mother # Interviewer: #1 I see # 027: #2 and had # come back to visit Interviewer: I see okay um uh a large uh bag or sack that uh oh say a hundred pounds of potatoes would be put in what would 027: I have no idea a burlap bag Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 I guess # Interviewer: do you know the term uh either uh a croker sack or tow sack I have used tow sack because Bill would say croker sack #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 I # don't know why Interviewer: that's that {X} tow sack is a north of the Chattahoochee 027: #1 oh really # Interviewer: #2 River # tow sack and and uh in Georgia anyway 027: uh-huh Interviewer: midland and then and south of there croker sack croker sack is southern and and tow sack is south midland 027: #1 is that right uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 and {X} # the amount of corn or meal that you could carry to a mill at one time might be called a 027: oh riding load I guess Interviewer: alright and if as much as you carry in your arms the uh 027: what a hundred pound sack Interviewer: well no just if you kinda went out to the wood shed and then and loaded up the {X} 027: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: an armload of wood Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 and uh # Interviewer: and do you ever use the term a turn {X} you said no but would is it is that term familiar to you a turn of meal or flour or a turn of corn 027: um a turn of some vegetable like a turn of of something you've been cooking like it was one cooking word I made a turn of pancakes the bible #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Now I wanted to ask you some more about that turn would you you you didn't just mean because you turn it over 027: no it's a batch Interviewer: uh-huh 027: uh a turn Interviewer: what other kinds of things would you use {X} 027: I don't know really just a batch of anything that you uh are making Interviewer: {X} cookies 027: no it would it would more of a project I can turn jam or jelly or Interviewer: uh-huh 027: this sort of thing Interviewer: I see 027: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: huh-uh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 {X} # Interviewer: that's interesting uh {X} 027: {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 {X} # Interviewer: yup one of the 027: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: basket Interviewer: and something smaller than uh than uh barrel the mail might come in 027: a big keg Interviewer: and I don't know but I I might have asked this yesterday {X} 027: are staves Interviewer: yeah no the staves are kept in place by 027: are by the ra- uh rams I guess Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 they're metal # Interviewer: yeah you can call them rams or you call them rings or you could call them uh there were kids oh five or ten years ago used to play with these things 027: #1 hoop of course # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: hoops Interviewer: uh-huh and something you put in the top of a bottle 027: cork Interviewer: now {X} and still call it that 027: I would think so that if it went in like a cork does if it were a metal thing that clamped on you call it a cap Interviewer: uh-huh but you'd call it a a rubber cork 027: #1 I would call it a # Interviewer: #2 you might say {X} # 027: cork now we uh open a bottle of champagne and that had a plastic cork Interviewer: #1 huh okay # 027: #2 and that's what we call it # Interviewer: that's what I was getting at now uh uh a music instrument that you blow in about this long 027: a French horn okay Interviewer: #1 now yeah # 027: #2 French harp I'm sorry # Interviewer: and now oh that's right oh well is there any thing else you call it 027: it is a har-{X} a harmonica Interviewer: okay and one that you hold between your teeth and twang 027: the only thing I've ever heard that called is a Jew's harp #1 and we used to call it juice # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 027: harp Interviewer: yeah uh-huh yeah both of those are 027: does it have another name Interviewer: no Jews harp is the uh is the uh official name they they uh as a I guess in deference to to a to fear of anti-Semitism or something they call them jaws harp the euphemism a jaws harp 027: oh really Interviewer: yeah there fact there's a book by a Roy Smeck that I found the how play it's instruction book how to play the jaws harp 027: oh Interviewer: and I think they in the beginning there's a very phony kind of history of the of the instrument and and he says that it was originally called the jaws harp but {X} yeah but they call it a bruise harp now there are a number of things they try to avoid calling it #1 {X} uh Jews harp # 027: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: now I don't know how it ever got the name though but it uh they uh something that you pound nails with 027: a hammer Interviewer: and the part of a wagon that comes up between the uh 027: uh-huh the tongue Interviewer: two horses and a buggy goes up on either side of it a uh 027: the wheels Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 the buggy # Interviewer: parts that goes up on either side of the of the uh of the horse just one horse 027: oh oh oh oh {D: when it meets between the shafts} Interviewer: yeah right and on a wooden wheel the outer part of the wooden wheel that the uh the metals that nail down the outer part of the of the wheel 027: it's the ram i guess Interviewer: yeah uh now uh now that's the metal part 027: uh-huh Interviewer: alright uh on a wooden wheel 027: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 {X} # the uh do you know what the wooden part underneath it is called 027: the circular part Interviewer: yeah 027: no I don't you have the spokes Interviewer: yeah but but the spokes 027: uh which are connected to the um huh to the center and to the outer rim but I don't know if the outer rim is #1 is called # Interviewer: #2 yeah well that's the # yeah that's something that's called the felly but 027: never heard of it Interviewer: now but part of a of a wagon is that the horses actually pull on thing that that thing that comes across in the back that they uh 027: it's a something tree single tree Interviewer: alright now have you ever heard of a now that I think that's the one that each horse pulls on but then sometimes there's one that goes all the way across of the you ever heard it called the double tree {NS} 027: I guess I have #1 I think I've # Interviewer: #2 that # 027: read it more than I've heard it Interviewer: uh-huh now if someone going back and forth with uh uh truck or a a wagon moving uh uh moving dirt uh or something you might say he was 027: hauling dirt Interviewer: and uh talking about uh dragging something out of of a field did he drag it out you say yes he 027: he dragged it out or drug it out Interviewer: do both both of those sound uh 027: neither sounds correct to me because I don't know which is correct Interviewer: uh-huh 027: quickly Interviewer: yeah but I mean but but neither one sounds uh 027: I have heard both Interviewer: uh-huh okay 027: I guess it's drag dragged drugged he had drug Interviewer: okay 027: I guess Interviewer: #1 okay that's fine okay # 027: #2 I'd have to look it up huh # Interviewer: uh the uh uh uh thing that you break up dirt with uh attached to the back of uh 027: #1 uh plow or a harrow # Interviewer: #2 a tractor yeah # now are there any different kinds of plows 027: #1 oh yes and # Interviewer: #2 and harrows # 027: Bill {X} could tell you every one of Interviewer: #1 huh you don't know the names of the # 027: #2 them but I can't # Interviewer: there are any of the harrow that comes up like this you don't distinguish one of the now the the part of it of the we're talking the wheel before that part there is the hub 027: #1 of course # Interviewer: #2 now # but now the in- what is goes into the hub 027: oh I really don't know Interviewer: um 027: #1 the axel # Interviewer: #2 um # sure 027: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: uh-huh Interviewer: and say it again I think I was 027: axel Interviewer: uh now if you were going to saw and and you saw fire firewood saw a whole log put that up on a thing that kind of X frame 027: uh-huh I don't know what it is Interviewer: well there alright have you ever you know the A you've seen the ones that kind of a A frame that has is kinda kinda flat on top and a carpenter would use that 027: #1 oh # Interviewer: #2 and then # 027: a saw horse Interviewer: yeah now would you call it a saw horse also if it were shaped in this 027: I have no idea Interviewer: X frame 027: I don't know Interviewer: well that 027: be more of a cradle wouldn't it Interviewer: well sometimes it's called sometimes it's called a sawbuck 027: oh Interviewer: that's why a ten dollar bill is called a sawbuck because it's an X 027: my lesson for today Interviewer: {NW} uh the uh and you might use a comb on your hair or you might use a 027: brush Interviewer: and when you do that you say going to 027: brush my hair Interviewer: and to sharpen a straight razor 027: you strop Interviewer: alright and you in in a rifle you put a 027: cartridge Interviewer: and uh uh something children play with play on one sits on either end it goes up and down 027: seesaw Interviewer: and when they do that you say they're 027: seesawing Interviewer: alright have you ever seen a limber plank that's suspended on both ends it's anchored at either end and it's a long plank that kids jump up and down 027: teeter totter Interviewer: now that's and that's different from a 027: seesaw Interviewer: okay um and a home made merry go round remember a 027: huh-huh Interviewer: a uh it's something that would be suspended from a a have you ever heard of a thing like a ridey horse or a worley gig or a a flying jenny or a uh just a merry go round 027: uh no a ridey horse to me is a Interviewer: it's a hobby horse 027: uh-huh that sort of thing something that one child gets on and plays with Interviewer: i see now uh something suspended from a tree or a bar that has get's uh 027: a swing Interviewer: and it with a coal stove a person might have a small container next to the stove to keep keep uh 027: uh-huh a resevoir for water Interviewer: no {NW} 027: no no no {NW} Interviewer: now this is just with a little coal stove may have a coal coal coal house or a coal pile 027: #1 {X} a coal stove # Interviewer: #2 out in the back yeah # 027: beside it unless it was {D: brice} and then it would be a coal hearth Interviewer: is that right you distinguish the two on the we had a cole skillet came up and down from the basement 027: #1 and a cole # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 027: hearth that stayed on the fire place Interviewer: oh that's interesting that's an interesting distinction the uh uh on a stove the on a stove the part that goes up is a the thing you clean out and clean the uh soot out of 027: oh the stove pipe Interviewer: sure and this has one wheel and two handles people use it to a 027: {D: draft} {D: to adjust the drove} Interviewer: no this is no this is something that we're back outside again {X} this has just this has one wheel 027: oh excuse me I was back on the #1 stove # Interviewer: #2 yeah # and this that is something that you might use on the garden or they use in construction work has a large um bed and then two two two of the long handles that come back and one wheel in the front 027: wheel barrel {NW} Interviewer: and a portable sharpening stone something you hold in your hand 027: a whetstone Interviewer: and on that would be uh uh fixed on a stand with a 027: a grindstone Interviewer: alright and um you left your you got in your 027: car Interviewer: now have you ever called that anything else 027: I don't {D: Micheal Tray} always called his his machine but he lived in Saint Louis Interviewer: and uh but but you've never 027: I can never call it an automobile Interviewer: uh okay you'd never use the term automobile except with uh 027: in discussing uh maybe when I didn't um oh if I was if I were talking about something like uh display of Rolls Royce Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and Bentlys Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 I would say those # automobiles Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 on display # were very elegant Interviewer: if you're talking about it it if you said you're going to go down and buy a new a new car #1 or would you say I'm going down to the # 027: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: what would you put before dealer 027: uh probably the brand #1 name # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 027: of the car rather than just Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 car dealer # Interviewer: I see but if someone were to if someone wanted to just sold cars and you didn't know what kind of cars he sold would you call him a a 027: car dealer I guess Interviewer: rather than automobile dealer 027: uh-huh yes Interviewer: and when you take a car into a service station you put it up on a the put it up 027: #1 a grease rack # Interviewer: #2 on a # alright and uh they and so you say that he did what to the car he 027: greased it Interviewer: alright and the surface that had to uh wash off the service because it #1 was # 027: #2 it was # greasy Interviewer: alright and they might also change the 027: oil Interviewer: now what if probably what would you call I said service station would you call it a service station say I've gotta go down to the 027: half the time and the other time we call it a filling station Interviewer: okay it just 027: #1 I think the # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 027: term is changing Interviewer: uh-huh 027: #1 and we # Interviewer: #2 you don't` # call it a gas station 027: no Interviewer: #1 filling station or # 027: #2 or # service station Interviewer: okay and uh before they had electricity people used to burn 027: kerosene which we often call coal oil Interviewer: alright did you ever make one or see one of these lamps made just a make shift lamp or torch made with a rag and bottle and a uh 027: I don't think I've ever seen one I know the principle Interviewer: uh-huh and now uh a days tires are different but there was a time when tires were uh 027: {D: is that a tube} Interviewer: yeah what what would you call that uh 027: tubes Interviewer: would you call any {X} 027: oh an inner tube of course Interviewer: now if you were in if someone uh bought a new boat and then took it down to the water for the first time you'd say they're going to 027: launch the boat Interviewer: okay and now would you name some different kinds of small not uh small boats that are propelled by oars rather than motors 027: oh canoes and skiffs and um dinghies uh um um pirogue Interviewer: now is pirogue a literary original term is pirogue used around here 027: no I got that down in the gulf Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 coast # Interviewer: but uh it is it what about a kind of a homemade one that might have kind of a squared front 027: uh that as far as I know would just be a row boat Interviewer: okay jon boat or or bateau neither of those is 027: bateau again gets down in the gulf #1 coast to me # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # uh someone might ask you uh uh wants to know when you're planning to uh to make a trip and the answer is today you say I I am 027: I'm leaving today Interviewer: uh-huh and {X} using go 027: going today Interviewer: uh we 027: we are going today Interviewer: they 027: they are going today Interviewer: and someone is passing by passing out free samples and you don't they skip you and you might say and 027: am I entitled to one Interviewer: alright with using get and 027: am I am I going to get one Interviewer: yeah I'm sorry I didn't I 027: #1 I didn't understand the get I thought you said guess # Interviewer: #2 sure yeah uh-huh # if uh a child is uh running around a house trying to find a couple items of clothing you might say here 027: here are your clothes Interviewer: and you'd say I don't think so if you want to say many people that think so say that I don't think so but there 027: they do Interviewer: there 027: everybody does Interviewer: well using uh would you ever say there's many people think so 027: no I'd say there are many Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 people who think so # Interviewer: and now the expression right smart 027: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 uh # do you use it uh in 027: a facetious way #1 but it is uh # Interviewer: #2 I see # 027: a common term Interviewer: now how how would you use it 027: um let's see uh it would be uh we had right smart rain Interviewer: uh-huh 027: or uh I got right smart amount of window washing #1 done today # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 027: #1 that sort it's a # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 027: {D: climate daily} Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 thing # Interviewer: but you you'd say that about um uh you might use it though but it would be facetious 027: uh-huh Interviewer: alright um you might uh uh move over to pet a dog and the dog shies away from you and you you say going to hurt hurt you might say I 027: I wont hurt you Interviewer: going to hurt you alright 027: I'm not gonna hurt you Interviewer: uh and your not curtain you're right about something and you might say I'm right #1 {X} # 027: #2 I think # Interviewer: yeah but you you wanna put a you say I'm I'm right and then use I in that second part I'm right 027: I'm right I think I know I'm curtain Interviewer: you're not curtain though you just uh you want to confirm it with someone else #1 and you want to yeah # 027: #2 oh I right aren't I # uh-huh Interviewer: uh and uh someone thanks you very much for going someplace and doing something you'd say oh that's alright going to do it anyway we 027: we were going anyway Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 we were going to the town anyway # glad to take you Interviewer: someone says did you did you break that window and you say no it 027: it was broken Interviewer: #1 it what # 027: #2 when I came # Interviewer: you didn't do it you say no it was it wasn't 027: #1 no oh # Interviewer: #2 no it # 027: it was not I who did it Interviewer: alright now would you say that usually in uh 027: if I were thinking Interviewer: uh-huh 027: if not I might say no I don't say it wasn't me Interviewer: #1 huh # 027: #2 I think # I would say it wasn't I Interviewer: okay um if you want to know if someone's going someplace you might ask them 027: are you going Interviewer: yup now in observing folk's speech around here do you have you do you hear uh or have you heard people using be seriously saying be you going 027: {D: Thomas does} Interviewer: uh-huh and if you um you went into a store and they had a new food product they wanted you to try and they might give you a piece you'd call that a free 027: sample Interviewer: alright and would you use that for cloth if you if you were going to uh 027: oh let me huh let's see what do you say um let me have a piece off that I believe is what you say I am not a great fabric buyer Interviewer: uh-huh if um talking about a dress and someone might say now that's a what dress that's a 027: that's a pretty dress Interviewer: alright and this other dress is even 027: even prettier Interviewer: and over uh her dress when a woman's cooking she might wear a 027: an apron Interviewer: and this is a 027: I think it's a pan Interviewer: alright and something that you use to put together or hold together a baby's diaper 027: it's a p- uh uh a pin sorry Interviewer: alright and uh 027: I started to call it a pencil {NW} Interviewer: um the uh uh a uh a beggar might have a 027: cup Interviewer: and what what are they freq- traditionally made of 027: a tin cup Interviewer: alright and a um uh another word you might call it a dime or you might call it 027: ten cents Interviewer: yeah and over a shirt a man might wear a 027: vest or a waistcoat or a sweater now what about a waistcoat what what is that Interviewer: #1 is it different from a vest # 027: #2 um # uh yes it's more formal goes with um with a morning coat am I correct I'm not real sure Interviewer: but uh a man bought a business suit and ordinary business suit you'd call that 027: a vest Interviewer: alright and we're talking about a coat you'd say that coat has buttons {X} that coat has buttons 027: on it Interviewer: yeah and these are 027: pants Interviewer: can you call them anything else 027: trousers Interviewer: anything else 027: slacks perhaps Interviewer: alright never britches 027: #1 no {NW} well now hunting # Interviewer: #2 {NW} okay # 027: #1 uh hunting britches perhaps yes # Interviewer: #2 yeah alright or riding # 027: uh-huh Interviewer: someone might ask you did you bring that and you say yes I have 027: I brought it Interviewer: um uh tried that coat you tried that coat on yesterday and and you might you say I tried that coat on yesterday and the coat 027: fit Interviewer: uh and he he bought the pants and the coat that matched uh that was a 027: suit Interviewer: and not an old one it was a 027: new suit Interviewer: alright and the the pock- the pockets are all filled up with things the pockets really 027: bulge Interviewer: and the the collar was not the shirt was not the same size and so the collar 027: shrank Interviewer: alright it has 027: shrunk Interviewer: alright and we're talking and we say it it might 027: shrink Interviewer: okay you ever call have you ever called it anything else 027: no Interviewer: have you heard another 027: um uh no I don't think so Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 you # you might hear shrunk shrunken or something like that Interviewer: now I was thinking of {D: drop} oh yes drop 027: #1 I haven't heard that in years uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 huh yeah that's not # uh part of your vocabulary 027: {NW} with it's um vocabulary that I Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 recognize # Interviewer: it's not something that you you likely use 027: no Interviewer: if uh uh say uh girl likes to stand in front of the mirror and put on different clothing say she she really likes to 027: preen or primp Interviewer: uh now does primp usually is that usually limited to to to uh to makeup or is that 027: uh it implies makeup but also I think but also the entire process of being put together Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 properly # and and spending excessive time at this Interviewer: and how about preen is that the same thing or is that 027: preen is sort of admiring yourself Interviewer: #1 okay # 027: #2 I think # Interviewer: what about a man who did this what would you use that's the same words for a man 027: um no you'd more likely say he was vain or um that he was strutting in front of the mirror Interviewer: #1 okay # 027: #2 I think # Interviewer: that's good uh uh something you might take and carry in your hands you're going to the store you might have a 027: a purse Interviewer: okay and something you might wear on your wrist not a watch but a 027: bracelet Interviewer: and something uh you wear around your neck 027: a necklace or possibly a a chain or beads or pearls Interviewer: now if your if your pearls or beads you might what would you call that a what of beads or 027: a string of yeah a string of beads or uh Interviewer: #1 string of pearls # 027: #2 string of pearls # a strand of pearls more likely and I don't know why Interviewer: okay that's interesting now uh #1 {X} # 027: #2 {NW} cuz it # sounds more elegant like vase Interviewer: #1 {NW} someone once said McDavid tells a story # 027: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: person very seriously told him he said uh you know vase and vase and the person gave both {X} person says vase or vase and he says what do you mean vase or vase and he says well if it's over three three dollars and fifty cents 027: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} it's a vase # something a man might wear over his shoulders to hold his pants up 027: oh suspenders and they also can be called galluses Interviewer: okay uh and you open this up on a rainy day 027: an umbrella Interviewer: and over the when the bed's being made the last thing you put on 027: is the bed spread Interviewer: now is that ever called anything else 027: depends on what it's made of the one uh in the guest room could be called a counterpane Interviewer: now what's the difference between a counterpane and uh and uh bedspread 027: uh a counterpane is um a woven I think of it as a white uh something that is washable and uh durable Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 whereas # bedspread to me is more likely to be something that is made of a uh finer fabric that's Interviewer: #1 I see # 027: #2 more decorative # Interviewer: uh and something you put your head on that's a 027: pillow Interviewer: what about a long one that might go 027: oh that is a bolster Interviewer: and when you talk about that you say that bolster goes a bed it goes 027: across the bed Interviewer: not part way 027: #1 across the # Interviewer: #2 it goes # 027: head of the bed Interviewer: yeah it doesn't go part way across the 027: #1 no it goes # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 027: all the way across Interviewer: okay and you don't would would you ever use anything else besides all the way like clean slam jam or 027: #1 {NW} no I've heard clean and plum both # Interviewer: #2 plum none of those yeah # uh and something like a blanket except it's uh it might be women make these or have 027: oh an afghan alright yeah but this is something Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 or a # throw Interviewer: uh 027: #1 a coverlet is # Interviewer: #2 now # 027: what you're Interviewer: #1 well coverlet is one # 027: #2 thinking # Interviewer: now co- coverlet is that something that's 027: #1 no it's # Interviewer: #2 tied or {X} # 027: woven Interviewer: alright 027: {X} woven on a loom Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 and it's # of wool Interviewer: yeah well that's one thing that now something that might not be {B} might be made of cotton {X} 027: oh your quilt Interviewer: alright now you know any of these that are tied rather than sewn 027: uh-huh you tie a comfort Interviewer: okay 027: uh and it often is filled with wool or down Interviewer: okay 027: and it's made of silk or uh satin tight material rather than cotton and it's mostly quilt {X} quilt Interviewer: huh but that and that would still be 027: #1 that is a {X} # Interviewer: #2 that's not just puff # 027: puffy sort of thing that tied uh at regular intervals rather than being intricately stitched Interviewer: #1 I see # 027: #2 in a pattern # as a quilt is Interviewer: a bed made on the floor is called a 027: a pallet Interviewer: and what and land that is very productive is called 027: fertile and land low lying land Interviewer: #1 {X} # 027: #2 bottom # bottom Interviewer: alright now uh low lying grass land might be called a 027: a meadow I don't know Interviewer: yeah that's just exactly right and now one that uh low lying grass land that's uh either open uh you could tell me if it's open or overgrown and there's water standing in there all the time 027: uh that's a swamp Interviewer: uh now what would you call one along the sea 027: uh marsh Interviewer: and and that is that distinction you make between the swamp and a marsh 027: um um a marsh has grass yes it would be a salt marsh and a swamp uh has not only grass but trees all kinds of things and it very often is has enough vegetation you think you could walk on it but you can't Interviewer: would you always thing of a swamp as something overgrown rather than 027: #1 yes I think # Interviewer: #2 over # 027: so uh although there are water ways through the swamps Interviewer: uh-huh {X} uh sometime in along the coast you see a tall grass like water in there {X} 027: salt marsh Interviewer: yeah that that's what salt marsh 027: I think Interviewer: alright uh what do you call poor soil do you have a 027: oh used to say red clay {NW} other than poor soil I don't know unless you would go into the fact that it was clay or heavily embedded with limestone Interviewer: alright yeah uh do you ever what does the word {D: lull} mean it's very sandy fertile lush soil 027: #1 we don't have any of that around here # Interviewer: #2 okay that's good soil though # 027: excellent Interviewer: and uh what would you call rich black soil 027: I don't know unless it's good black dirt Interviewer: alright if um uh there was a uh some low land and the farmer wanted to get the water off you'd say uh now they are what the marshes 027: they gonna drain Interviewer: alright and they uh and they'd have to cut a 027: a channel Interviewer: and a um shallow arm of the sea you know uh water 027: oh an inlet uh a harbor Interviewer: yeah inlet's fine {D: tight like a tapestry} 027: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # a narrow or deep valley of a small stream 027: of a small stream Interviewer: yeah a smalls stream running down at the bottom 027: that's a young stream but I don't know what uh Interviewer: well would you um what would you call a channel cut by erosion erode or 027: I would just call it eroded Interviewer: I would would you ever use the term gully 027: oh yes of course I more often use it in terms of describing a very hard rain out in the country Interviewer: #1 yeah # 027: #2 you might say # this is a gully washer Interviewer: uh-huh but I mean you wouldn't 027: I would not say I saw a gully it wouldn't occur to me I've heard it Interviewer: what would you call it that 027: I would just say uh uh deeply eroded area Interviewer: okay now but uh do you ever use the term ravine 027: no Interviewer: or hollow or a wash or 027: now hollow yes because of the hollow back in hill Interviewer: uh-huh 027: meaning more to me a little pocket Interviewer: #1 like cold or something like uh-hug # 027: #2 area yes uh-huh # Interviewer: now uh what small fresh water stream well there all fresh water streams now what what stream are there around here beginning with some of the smallest ones going to the 027: Maryville is surrounded by Pistol Creek Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and we don't know why it's called Pistol Creek it is on the earliest maps Interviewer: it goes all the way around 027: it goes completely around the town and that's why the town is built on a ridge so that in times of um epidemic there was excellent drainage Interviewer: uh-huh 027: uh down to the creek on both sides and then there are several good springs until about ten years ago we got our water here from springs entirely there's Pearson Spring right down here below us is a very large spring and there was Hannum spring over about where the shopping center is and {X} Spring uh which is now under the road under the new road um uh uh springs that I can think of immediately they were of the rivers in the mountains there is the Pigeon and the Little Pigeon and the Little Tennessee and then of course on down there's Tellico and North River Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and then the river that you came and crossed yesterday at Knoxville is the Tennessee River Interviewer: #1 sure # 027: #2 and the uh # area at Knoxville itself is the Fort Loudoun embayment of the Tennessee River Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 so # {X} the Fort Loudoun Dam Interviewer: now what about do you have any sm- now you have Pistol Creek are there any other creeks 027: Stock Creek is out a little bit uh from town there quite a few creeks I can't think of any names Interviewer: #1 is # 027: #2 of them right now # Interviewer: is there uh in your mind a difference between a creek and branch 027: a branch is a spring branch Interviewer: okay now is there any uh uh would you call is that something that comes from a spring 027: #1 yes uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 you mean you're talking about one of these # these springs around here 027: yes there's a nice branch down here that uh when we go down Sandy Springs Road we cross over a small bridge and that's over the spring branch from Pearson Spring Interviewer: I see 027: the branch is fed with the clear cool water from the spring it often has watercress growing in it and uh a pleasant Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 place to picnic # Interviewer: and you and you but you wouldn't call you don't really identify that by name you just I mean as anything other than its it's a spring branch from 027: #1 Pearson Spring uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 from from a particular spring # I see uh um now elevations of land from the smallest to the highest what would you can just a a very slight elevation a well like right out in back here you might call it 027: that's a terrace which we've we Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 named{NW} # Interviewer: if it were natural what would you call it 027: just a delightfully flat piece of land Interviewer: #1 well if it comes up # 027: #2 I {X} # Interviewer: #1 a a little bit # 027: #2 it slopes # or it's hilly or uh rolling rolling I think of as more of the hills and then we get to the foot hills out here and the nobs now that might be a term that uh Interviewer: yeah we have that he but now what is a nob from a a how is a nob different from a 027: it's a little round hill Interviewer: #1 alright # 027: #2 and there are lots # of them near the foot hills and you uh often would hear the old farmers say their cattle had gotten lost up in the nobs Interviewer: uh-huh 027: and it was a specific area up uh tall Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 027: #2 hills # but they're round Interviewer: uh-huh 027: they're knobby lookin Interviewer: and are are they ju-ju is each of these a name or 027: I'm sure they have I don't know of any which are named but I'm sure if we got out the map of the Interviewer: #1 huh # 027: #2 mountains # for instance we would find each one is Interviewer: #1 and then # 027: #2 named # Interviewer: the higher the 027: #1 higher # Interviewer: #2 uh # 027: the knobs come the foothills {X}