Interviewer: Speaking of a coat, you might say oh that coat 030: Uh well like if I tried it on yesterday? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. That you tried this coat on yesterday and it #1 what just fine? # 030: #2 It- # it fit just fine. Interviewer: Okay um and the um a person gets a a coat and trousers made of the same material you might say now he has a? 030: Suit. Interviewer: And it's not an old one he just bought it. It's a? 030: New suit. Interviewer: Alright and his pockets are all filled up with things say his pockets really 030: Are jammed. Interviewer: And they really? 030: Bulge. Interviewer: Alright and if if a shirt was sanforized and it was washed say it might 030: Shrink. Interviewer: Yeah, do you ever use anything else? 030: Drawed. Interviewer: #1 Yeah now if you're talking about yesterday you say I washed that shirt yesterday and it # 030: #2 {NW} # Drew up. Interviewer: Alright and or it would shrink, you'd say it would 030: It's uh like if it shrank or it shrunk. Interviewer: Okay um and if uh something you you might keep change in? 030: In a purse. Interviewer: Alright. and something you might wear on your wrist? 030: Watch. Interviewer: #1 Yeah or just a or this would be just like a like that would be a # 030: #2 A wrist watch. # Interviewer: Well, that is a watch I didn't see the watch there but it's 030: Yeah, cause it's so big. Interviewer: If it didn't have a if it didn't have a watch on, then you just call it a 030: A bracelet. Interviewer: Sure and the uh something uh uh men wear instead of a belt sometimes? 030: Are suspenders. Interviewer: Remember them called anything else? 030: #1 No, did they call them something? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, did you ever hear them called galluses? # 030: No. Interviewer: #1 You never heard that? Okay. That's alright. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Something you might open up on a rainy day. 030: An umbrella. Interviewer: Alright and um something that um uh you put oh the last thing you put over the last thing you put over a bed when you're making it up. 030: The bedspread. Interviewer: Alright and some a thing you rest your head on. 030: Pillow. Interviewer: Now we're talking about a a a long pillow that might use a long one {D: this whole thing say three pillows and everybody says only have one long one what what might that be called}? one great big long pillow. 030: #1 I would still call it a pillow I guess. # Interviewer: #2 Okay and you might say that pillow didn't go # part way you'd say it went 030: All the way. Interviewer: Alright and a washable kind of a blanket is called a 030: Um You mean what the what is it made out of cotton Interviewer: #1 Yeah, well this would just be uh something like that. You might call it a blanket or these women used to make these. # 030: #2 or? # Interviewer: Remember? 030: Oh, quilts. Interviewer: #1 Sure and a bed made up flat on the floor is a? # 030: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Uh. 030: A pallet. Interviewer: Okay and out in the country low lying land near the near a near a stream you call? 030: #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 Okay well do you know what what kind mm if you you say there's land up near the # low lying land that always has water in it now what would do you have a 030: That's a lake. Interviewer: #1 Well yeah except this was not not that deep this is kinda muddy and # 030: #2 Deep uh # #1 Let me see. # Interviewer: #2 place you know like where they # you have a lot of alligators and things and uh 030: Like in a swamp? Interviewer: Yeah, that's what I meant. Now that the swamp is one thing a lake is something else but this is the kinda thing that might just be flooded in the spring and then then plowed later and later it might be okay this is the land that you find around a river or creek. 030: On the bank? Interviewer: Yeah, did you ever hear the term bottom land? 030: #1 Only in reading I never knew really understood it. # Interviewer: #2 Okay, okay, okay. # Um and then how about when it there was a song um when about the time you were in in high school or so called there's a tree in the or a type of some a tree and the starts with an "m" there's a bird called a lark. #1 What kind of a lark? A # 030: #2 No. # Interviewer: {X} Do you know the term? 030: Oh, the meadow lark? Interviewer: Sure. Yeah well then that so that that low lying grassland might be called a 030: Meadow lark. Interviewer: Or just a 030: A meadow. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And um a uh something you might have to dig if you're gonna drain water off a off the land 030: A trench. Interviewer: Okay. And then a narrow deep valley of a you know there's a stream running through a field or something and oh the land's very deep do you know what that might be called? 030: Um let me see. No. Let me see now. Uh a stream? Interviewer: Okay now something what would you call something a little larger than a stream? 030: I mean and it was a river? Interviewer: Alright and how about something something larger than a than a um uh larger than a a uh stream but smaller than a river? 030: {X} It's not a lake. I don't know. Interviewer: How about a creek or a branch? 030: Oh yeah. {NW} Interviewer: Which one of those? 030: Both of 'em probably if I was talking about it, I would say I would say don't go in the creek or in and the kids were playing in their branch go make 'em get out. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh okay so you use either one interchangeably, really or? # 030: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # Interviewer: Okay um {NS} uh the um uh a channel cut by erosion in a field. Do you know what that's called a gul- 030: A gully? Interviewer: Yeah and what rivers are around Knoxville? rivers or streams? 030: Uh let me see like the Tennessee river I don't uh streams Interviewer: Mm-hmm they have names usually or? 030: I guess you know you mean like #1 when they go to the lakes to uh fish and all that? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 030: like at the dams and Interviewer: Yeah okay how about some different kinds of elevations of land something that 030: #1 Up a hill up a # Interviewer: #2 Yeah higher. # 030: #1 uh in the mountains and # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Anything between a hill and a mountain in height. A little higher than a than a hill. 030: Like a bank? Interviewer: Yeah, well on a door you might say the door handle or you might say the door? 030: Knob. Interviewer: Now do you know that word in relation to to a um hills? 030: Uh yeah up on the knob but I've heard of it, but I've always used it as a place where like uh you come by the kids would come by say you coming up on the knob tonight and you say yeah. #1 Are you coming up on the knob this evening we could you know something like that. Uh like a meeting place. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh now what was the knob is that a place? # 030: #1 Up just a place where you went. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Any place? # 030: Well no not really couldn't be any place because it would usually be up and away from everybody. We had one when I was a kid but we and we called it the knob. It was just a place that we went when we got everybody got through with their work. Your parents knew where you were. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 030: And you know you just went there I guess. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 030: #2 {NW} # Just a place. Interviewer: Okay Um it wasn't necessarily was it was it like a hill? 030: Yeah, you had to go up a hill. Interviewer: Where was that in relation to here? 030: Uh well see now like Um this is all on the east side so go like we used to go down on the bank by the river Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: and this is where the knob was. Interviewer: I see, right near the river. 030: Yeah, there was um you just #1 for us it wasn't very far maybe like two blocks or three blocks and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # 030: #1 when you got through in the evening and uh maybe uh in the morning you slide off just do anything you want just just a morning slide. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 030: #1 We didn't have a park so we went up on the knob to play. # Interviewer: #2 I see. Okay. # Now um between the mountains you sometimes can see between two mountains you know there's a slight like a little cut in there what would you call that? 030: {NS} Um. {NS} #1 like mountains coming up on one side and then you look oh and say # Interviewer: #2 Yeah well this well I was thinking of well like uh # you know you might uh if you have uh if you're fiddling with a piece of wood you might cut a little? 030: Notch. Interviewer: #1 Yeah, have you ever used that in in you never use that in in relation to uh to uh # 030: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 to a place uh up in the mountains or something and a notch a notch up in the mountains? # 030: #2 Uh-uh. # Interviewer: Okay um if and if you were up in a um you might if you're up on a a uh mountain and there's a sharp faced put uh thing to drop. 030: A cliff? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 030: #2 Up the cliff. # Interviewer: Alright and the plural I'd say there are two? 030: Uh cliffs? Interviewer: #1 Alright and a place where ships stop and boats uh you know boats and ships stop and. Uh yeah. # 030: #2 At the dock? # Interviewer: And now I'd like just to tell me about the different kinds of roads there are in you know around here. 030: #1 You mean like dirt roads and gravel and uh bumpy roads concrete kind of you know things like # Interviewer: #2 Sure. Yeah. Okay. Well, # you said concrete and gravel and dirt what other kinds? That's the kind of thing I'm talking about exactly. 030: Well that's just about it. All the ones full of chuckholes. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. Okay. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh what would you call a a large road like western? How would you distinguish western and college? Now western is something bigger than college, so how would you? 030: Narrow. College is narrow, and western is wider, but it's Interviewer: Hmm. Well, see I meant something would you call that a more like a thoroughfare? Is this a side street or a or a? 030: Yeah. Uh uh you would say like Interviewer: A byway or a neighborhood road or something? 030: Yeah, and you would call this street college street is oh uh well I wouldn't call it well #1 I would say western is a busy street, so be careful. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. Yeah. # 030: #1 And college street I just wouldn't worry about it. It's not too much traffic. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And then how about a small uh something like a road that comes up from the from the uh from the public road to the house? 030: Like an alley? Interviewer: You know, would that be in front? 030: #1 No, alley had to be was usually in the back of the house? # Interviewer: #2 Would you call that an alley? # Okay how about just something in front like 030: A driveway? Interviewer: Yeah, well a driveway you drive up, but how about something you walk up? 030: Oh. A pathway? Interviewer: Alright, that's fine. Now uh the place in the city when you're walking down you don't walk in the street usually, you walk on the 030: Sidewalk. Interviewer: Now, if you had grass between the sidewalk and the street. You know what I mean? You know that patch? 030: Like a on the ma- well you mean like on the mall we have here? Interviewer: #1 Well I mean like on some some and some some neighborhoods # 030: #2 On a boulevard? # Interviewer: #1 Now a boulevard is in the middle, isn't # 030: #2 Yeah. # #1 But uh if you have a sidewalk and then grass here, # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. 030: you still call it the sidewalk. Interviewer: #1 Okay, you'd still just call it just call it part of the the walk is that # 030: #2 {NW} Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And a little something you might pick up and throw at a at a chase a dog away. You might 030: A rock? Interviewer: You say I 030: #1 Pitched a rock.. I threw a rock. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # And then uh if you went over to a friend's house and rang the bell and got no answer you say well I guess she isn't 030: Home. Interviewer: And now how do you how do you drink coff- some different ways of drinking coffee? You can drink coffee 030: Hot. Uh black. With cream with sugar. Interviewer: Alright. Now you said black. Is there any other way you might express that other than saying drinking black? Drinking it? 030: Straight. Interviewer: Alright how about without 030: #1 Without uh cream? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Did you ever hear that called drinking it barefoot or barefooted? 030: No. Interviewer: #1 Never did? That's {X} # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Black coffee. If you hadn't seen someone for a long time, you might come home and tell a friend guess who I ran 030: Into today. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you gave they gave the child the same name as the father they might say that we named the child 030: Junior? Interviewer: Or after. 030: #1 After. # Interviewer: #2 For or after probably. # 030: Yeah, for his father probably. Interviewer: Alright and a four legged animal that barks is a? 030: Dog. Interviewer: And a a call to a dog to attack another dog? 030: Is sic him. Interviewer: Okay and a dog of mixed breed you'd call that a? 030: Uh {NW} Interviewer: #1 Yeah or # 030: #2 A stray dog. # Interviewer: Any other name that 030: Mongrel. Interviewer: Alright, that'd be fine. How about a little dog that uh is a small yappy dog? Would you have a special name for 030: No, not really. Just a little dog. Interviewer: Okay and someone you'd say he was what by a dog? 030: #1 Bitten by a dog. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Did you ever use the expression dog bit? He was dog bit? Does that sound at all familiar or comfortable to you? 030: Um I've heard it. I've heard people say uh {D: the part} uh you know like I could go in for work and somebody say you know that uh #1 that boy right there that's the one that was dog bit going there. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 030: I've heard it. Interviewer: You've heard it you but it isn't uh you wouldn't use it? 030: No, not hardly. Interviewer: Okay. And a um the uh animal that you get milk from is a? 030: Cow? Interviewer: Yeah, and the male is called a? 030: A bull. Interviewer: Did you ever hear that called any other name besides bull? 030: No. Interviewer: Alright, and if a cow is going to give birth to a young one, you'd say Daisy is going to 030: Let me see. What did they call that? Uh what they call a calving? Interviewer: Okay. Uh and the animal riding animal is called a? 030: A horse. Interviewer: And the plural. 030: Horses. Interviewer: And the female is called a? Female horse. You know the song well she used to be the old gray 030: Mare. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And a little boy is in bed and he fell? 030: Out. Interviewer: And something they pitch at stakes. A game. 030: Are horseshoes. Interviewer: And the horse wears these on his? 030: Feet. Interviewer: Or? 030: Uh hooves. Interviewer: Yeah, the singular is just one? 030: Hoof. Interviewer: Alright, and a the animal they get uh uh the the sheep you know what the male sheep is called? 030: #1 A male sheep. No. # Interviewer: #2 Male sheep. How about female sheep? # 030: Mm-mm. Interviewer: And the stuff on the sheep's back? 030: Wool. Interviewer: And the animal they get pork from is a? 030: Pig. Interviewer: And the big one's called a? 030: Hog. Interviewer: Alright, and you know what the male is called? Uh you know what the female is called? 030: No. Interviewer: Okay, the things that a the big things that uh that an elephant has. Two big ivory? 030: Tusks. Interviewer: Alright, and the um just the singular would be just one? 030: Tusk. Interviewer: And the thing that a hog eats from is a? 030: Trough. Interviewer: Alright, two of those would be two? 030: Um #1 Troughs I guess. {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. {X} # Uh now the on a um on a toothbrush those things are called? 030: Bristles. Interviewer: And to render a horse or bull or calf or cat or more sterile male, you'd say they're going to 030: Castrate 'em? Interviewer: Alright. Right. Now you know the name what they call the sound when the calf make the uh calf makes being weaned when a calf is weaned they call that or the sound a cow makes at feeding time. 030: Like isn't is it uh it's not bleating? Interviewer: No. 030: But I I don't know. Interviewer: Oh bleating. What would you associate bleating with? 030: Um um sheep or something like that. Interviewer: Okay. And a um a hen on an egg you'd call a? 030: A sitting hen. Interviewer: Sure, and the little thing that a a chicken lives in is a? 030: Chicken coop. Interviewer: And the bone that kids like to pull on is? 030: A wishbone. Interviewer: Yeah, did you have any any superstitions or games you used to play with the wishbone? 030: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you remember what they were? 030: You get the big end, and your wish will come true. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 030: #2 You make a wish and pull it. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 030: It's uh Interviewer: Okay. And and do you have a name for the comp- comprehensive uh term you know for the edible insides of a pig or a calf? 030: Uh ch- like chitterlings? Interviewer: Now that would be just a hog 030: Guts. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. Okay. # 030: #2 Uh. # Interviewer: Now um did you have a name for how about something liver and {X} 030: Onions? Interviewer: Yeah, how about liver and lights? Did you ever eat lights? 030: No. Interviewer: Never did. Okay, the time when the animals are given their food is called? 030: Feeding time. Interviewer: Alright, and to get you know how they call a cow in from the cows in from the pasture? 030: {NW} No. Interviewer: Or sheep or how they call in uh how they get a cow to stand still? It uh when they're milking? 030: Oh do do they feed her? Interviewer: Well, okay uh now the uh to get a horse started, they say? 030: Get up. Interviewer: And to get the horse to stop, they say 030: Whoa. Interviewer: And calls to pigs {X} 030: Call 'em? Interviewer: Yeah. 030: #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And the thing you put on a horse if you're gonna take it out and drive it. 030: A harness? Interviewer: Alright, and the things you hold onto are called? 030: The reins. Interviewer: And the um things you put your feet in. 030: Stirrups. Interviewer: Do you know what you call the horse on the left in plowing? 030: #1 Call him on the left? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # The one that's on the left. The one that's walks in the furrow. {X} 030: Is he a lead horse? Interviewer: Oh that's right. Sure. Um and then if something isn't a cons- a very you know considerable distance away you say oh that's just a little? 030: #1 Uh just a short distance. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, and if it's a considerable distance you might say it's? # 030: A long way off. Interviewer: Alright and if something isn't hard to find someone's you know very concerned about finding some say that's nothing to worry about you can find that almost? 030: Anytime. Interviewer: Okay um and the things the trenches cut by a plow are called? 030: #1 The trenches that are cut by a plow? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 030: #1 Let me see. # Interviewer: #2 That you plant in. # 030: Uh rows? Interviewer: Okay or fur- 030: Furrows? Interviewer: Yeah, and say a farmer is very happy he says we were were raised a big of wheat, a big? 030: Crop. Interviewer: #1 Alright, and uh to get all the shrubs and trees off the land they might say they? # 030: #2 {NW} # Cleared it. Interviewer: Alright, and uh if uh the the grass and clover came up again, they might call that a they were to cut it again, they might call that a 030: {X} If you weeding it? #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 No, I was thinking of a second cutting or a volunteer crop. Do either one of those familiar to you? # Uh oh and wheat is harvested what they call what they tie them up in? 030: Bundles? Interviewer: Alright, and then maybe they take all the bundles and put them together and make a? 030: Stack. Interviewer: Alright, and then you have thirty-nine bushels of wheat and add you add thirty-ni- you had one bushel of wheat and you add thirty nine more, then you'd have forty 030: Bushels. Interviewer: Alright. And something that uh this was done to oats. They'd have to cut oats and then they'd have to thr- 030: Thresh 'em? Interviewer: Sure. Um and if you're talking in the distance from one place to another, you might say two miles this is the greatest distance you can go. You just can't go beyond you should say two miles is the I could go. 030: #1 As far as I could go. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And if something belongs to me, you'd say it's? 030: Yours. Interviewer: And if it belongs to you, you'd say it's? 030: Mine. Interviewer: And if it belongs to them, you'd say it's? 030: Theirs. Interviewer: And if it belonged to uh, you'd say it's? 030: Ours. Interviewer: And if it belonged to him? 030: His. Interviewer: And to her? 030: Hers. Interviewer: And if you wanted to know when someone was coming back, you might say when are? 030: #1 Oh, when will you be back or when are you coming back? # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Now would you use that what if there were four people, and you were talking to all of 'em, what might you say? 030: Uh are you coming back or are you all coming back? Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Alright, now uh would you ever say if you were talking about would you ever use the expression like you all's car? Y'all's car as in the {D: nifty} y'all's car and drive away or something like that? 030: No. Uh maybe. I don't know. I doubt it very seriously, but I might. Interviewer: Alright. Uh can you think of a situation in which you'd use it? 030: What you all Interviewer: You all's. You know, in the possessive. 030: Mm-mm. Uh maybe I would say you all come back to see me, but not about anybody's #1 you know no. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And if you want to know everything a person said might you say what uh 030: What? I want to know everything what they said? Interviewer: Yeah, or might you ever say what all? 030: Uh, what did you talk about? Interviewer: Mm-hmm or what would you ever say what all did they say? 030: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Does that sound familiar? What all? # 030: Yeah. #1 I might would say well what all did she say or what all did they say or. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Okay. And uh a loaf a different kind now tell me about the different kinds of bread. Did your mother used to bake bread? 030: No. Interviewer: Alright. What kinds of bread did you was it all you get all your bread at the store? 030: #1 No well she made biscuits, but she didn't make loaves of bread. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. Uh. # What kind of bread are made in loaves? Kinds of breads? 030: Well wheat, rye, pumpernickel. Interviewer: Okay, what other things did she make anything else with um with wheat flour besides biscuits? Or did she make the biscuits with corn meal? 030: #1 No, she made them with flour like cakes and # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 030: #1 stuff like that. # Interviewer: #2 Alright, yeah what uh what kinds did she make anything with corn meal at all? # 030: Corn bread. Interviewer: Alright, and how was that prepared? 030: #1 You mean # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 030: #1 in a skillet or did she have uh? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 030: Well, she could make it in corn pones or corn muffins. We had it all. Interviewer: #1 She had the skillet made what's it called when you had the skillet? # 030: #2 Yes, she made. Oh. # She cooked it. All of her corn bread was cooked in a heavy skillet. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: She wouldn't cook it in anything else. Interviewer: Now did she did she ever cook uh any any did that skillet have legs on it? 030: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Was that normal by-? Alright, did she ever made anything that was kind of thin almost like a pancake? # With um 030: Corn meal? Interviewer: Yeah. 030: uh she used to make meat corn fritters. Interviewer: #1 Uh. # 030: #2 {NW} # But this had corn in it. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: But it wasn't uh #1 she used to my grandmother used to make me Johnnycakes. I think that's what she called it or something. # Interviewer: #2 Yep, Johnnycakes. Okay, now now what were they like? # 030: They were just like a pancake only it was made out of corn meal and it was real thin. Interviewer: Okay. Interviewer: Did um uh Did anybody ever make of course you didn't have a you don't you never had a regular wood fire place any anywhere did you? 030: No. Interviewer: Okay, did you ever make anything growing up the um um uh corn meal in like a little ball and dropping it into hot grease? 030: N- um {NW} no but I know uh I don't ever recall my mother doing it. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 030: #1 but I've had some of what you're talking about uh when you buy that um at the store. I mean when you buy it like # Interviewer: #2 What are they? # 030: What do they call it now? #1 I don't remember what you call- I can't think- Hush puppies. That's right. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} Okay, and if you bought bread at the store you I mean if you bought bread at at home, you'd call that # #1 homemade bread. If you bought it at the store, you'd call it # 030: #2 Homemade bread. # Light bread. Everybody did. Interviewer: Okay. 030: Get a loaf of light bread. Interviewer: And something that has a hole in the middle that you? 030: A donut? Interviewer: Yeah. And this was something like a Johnnycake except it was made with flour and maybe thinner and you put syrup and butter on it. 030: Uh like a hoecake or a pancake? Interviewer: Alright, now were hoecakes were were hoecakes different from Jonnycakes or was that the same thing? 030: It was almost the same thing and you know like if my grandmother made us hoecakes or Johnnycakes and pancakes, we ate it all with syrup. Interviewer: Now when she made when she made uh hoecakes would she use corn meal or or flour 030: #1 I don't really know. {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Alright and if you had one pound of flour, add another say now I have two 030: Pounds. Interviewer: Alright and a uh the stuff that makes bread rise is called 030: Baking powder. Interviewer: And then sometimes it comes in a little cake. 030: Oh yeast? Interviewer: Yeah. And the center of an egg is called a? 030: Yolk. Interviewer: And the color of that is? 030: Or- uh Orange or yellow. Interviewer: #1 Sure, sure. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And then the uh uh if you drop eggs in water or um you broke the shell #1 And you drop 'em in boiled water. # 030: #2 You're gonna poach it. # Interviewer: Alright, now if you if you had it if you didn't break the shell then you'd have 030: Boiled eggs. Interviewer: And now this is some different kinds of of meat from a hog from the side of the hog. What do you call that that meat from the 030: Side meat? Interviewer: Yeah, and how about the meat that's up more on the back? 030: Um. I don't know. {C: laughing} Interviewer: You ever do you ever call it middling? You ever hear of middling meat? 030: I've heard it, but I don't know. Interviewer: Alright, how about the meat from the under part of the hog? 030: Side belly? Interviewer: Sure, great. Now this on the side of the hog what did you call that meat you called it a side? If you had a whole big side of bacon. #1 You know, what would you call that? Would you call that a middling, a slab, or a side? # 030: #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 A slab more than anything. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Did you ever have get bacon that way in those large pieces and you had to slice it yourself? 030: No. Interviewer: #1 Okay well bacon when it is that way, it has this hard crust on the outside. Do you know what that's called? # 030: #2 Uh. # Uh the rind. Interviewer: Exac- exactly. And then the uh and the stuff we're talking about is all different kinds of? 030: Meat. Interviewer: Or ba- 030: #1 Bacon. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # #1 And the man who who cuts meat is called a # 030: #2 A butcher. # Interviewer: And hog meat a kind of pork that has seasoning in it that is um uh ground up and uh uh sometimes and usually fried. Do you know what that's called? 030: Sausage? Interviewer: Yeah, sure. And if meat is left out too long isn't refrigerated, you'd say the meat is? 030: Spoiled. Interviewer: #1 Alright, and now you of course you never had any any hogs around that you that you alright. # 030: #2 No. # Interviewer: Do you know what they what they call this stuff they make from the when they take the hog's head and boil it? And take the meat off the head and mix it up with a kind of of um jellied substance or vinegar and 030: Is uh. Wait a minute. Let's see. Is it hog head cheese? Interviewer: Sure, that's one. 030: Um but in the sau- uh sauce meat or they do it with Interviewer: #1 Exactly, that's right. Sauce meat. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 No do you do you have you eaten sauce meat? {X} You know? Alright, are they the same thing? Sauce meat and # 030: #2 Not homemade, but I made it {X}. # Interviewer: And um uh hog's head cheese. 030: Now I don't really and truly know because I I don't know. I they could be. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. 030: Cause I've heard people talk about hog head cheese. Interviewer: Right. 030: #1 But I never seen anybody make it or to my knowledge ever seen # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Are are you familiar with any kind of sausage other than just pork sausage? 030: #1 Like smoked sausage? # Interviewer: #2 No, I mean something like anything made with liver. # 030: No. Interviewer: Or anything made with blood? 030: #1 Uh-uh. # Interviewer: #2 Alright, are you familiar with liver pudding? # Or liver sausage? #1 Alright, the um # 030: #2 Mm-mm. # Interviewer: the corn meal in juice from the head cheese sometimes mixed in with um uh together they come up with 'em and then they fry it, then they call that? 030: {X} Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 030: #2 Say what now? I didn't understand you. # Interviewer: Okay, this is corn meal. 030: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Corn meal in the juice, you see. Mixed up in the juice from either hog cheese or hog head cheese or liver sausage or something like that and then it's taken out and fried. Have you ever heard of scrapple or {D: cornhash} or cripple? 030: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Okay, you never heard of scrapple? 030: No. Interviewer: #1 Okay, that's fine. That's interesting. Now # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: butter that is that is left out too long gets? 030: Soft. Interviewer: Yeah, but if it if it so you can't eat it. If it 030: Rank? Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Now how about milk as it's be- beginning to turn? What stages does it go through? 030: It clabbers. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 How about before it clabbers? # 030: #1 When it's sour? # Interviewer: #2 {X} Yeah, just before it's starting to get that way. Have you ever # have you ever heard the expression either blue john or blinky for milk? 030: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Now when it gets close to clabber, then uh they sometimes make a cheese out of that You remember what they call that? 030: Cottage cheese? Interviewer: Right. 030: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 And uh a deep dish apple thing? # 030: Pie. Interviewer: Yeah, you have an apple pie, but it's very deep and then they put in one layer of pastry and then put some apples over it and kind of build it up that way. You ever seen one of those? 030: Mm. Interviewer: You know what that's called? 030: Apple cobbler. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and a sweet liquid served with a pudding? 030: #1 Um. # Interviewer: #2 It's # 030: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 # 030: Let me see. What did they call it? It's uh a sauce. Interviewer: Okay, fine. Now a little something that you might eat between regular meals. 030: Snack. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And you might ask someone how many meals have you? 030: Eaten. Interviewer: And you say I 030: #1 Had three or I ate three eat one more # Interviewer: #2 Or # Yeah, and I will one more. 030: Eat one more. Interviewer: Okay. And now I'm gonna go over and what's um it's the dark liquid that you put cream and sugar in. I'm gonna go over and go over to the to the stove and 030: But oh make some coffee. Interviewer: Okay. Um now a uh if you were thirsty just wanted a drink you might go over and get yourself a? 030: Drink. Interviewer: Of? 030: Water. Interviewer: Yeah, and you but you'd get that usually in a? 030: Glass? Interviewer: Alright, and if you drop that on the ground, you'd say now the glass is? 030: Broken. Interviewer: And someone might ask you how many glasses of water have you? 030: Uh had? Interviewer: Or? 030: Drank. Interviewer: And you say well I three I 030: I had- I drank three. Interviewer: And I will? 030: Uh drink one more. Interviewer: Okay. If you had some friends over at the house and they'd come in and they they're standing around the table you might invite them you might just say go ahead and 030: #1 Eat, {X} uh sit down, have a seat. # Interviewer: #2 Or sit {X} yeah okay and then if now they're sitting down # and you start to pass the food around, you would have a? You might have a big bowl of potatoes and you pass that around, you might say to them? 030: Help yourself. Interviewer: Alright, and if you were at the table and someone said that to you, then you might go ahead and? 030: #1 Have some. # Interviewer: #2 And I help- # 030: Help myself. Interviewer: Yeah, you'd say yesterday I 030: Helped myself. Interviewer: Alright. And if you had you had a uh they had passed the dish over to you that you really didn't care much for you didn't like 030: #1 I'd say no thank you. {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And if um uh if you had a big roast on a Sunday and then you were gonna have the same thing on Monday, you'd say now today we're just having 030: Leftovers. Interviewer: Alright, and you put food in your mouth and you? 030: Eat? Interviewer: And you? 030: Chew? Interviewer: Yeah. Now if you have corn meal and mix that with milk or water and then boil it? 030: {X} Interviewer: Yeah. #1 And make- they sometimes they old people eat it and children eat it a lot of people # 030: #2 Oh oh um. Wait a minute, wait a minute. # #1 Oh, I've I've I've never eaten it but I heard of it. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 030: It's mush. Interviewer: Right. 030: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 030: {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Uh did you ever hear it called push? did your grandparents ever use that word push? 030: No. #1 I I had # Interviewer: #2 Push push or mush push. You've never heard that? # 030: Mm-mm. I heard 'em say make the baby some mush. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay, now uh beans and peas and corn are all different kinds of? 030: Vegetables. Interviewer: And you grow them out in a? 030: Garden. Interviewer: Alright. And coarsely ground corn is called? It's corn and it's white and sometimes they all 030: Hominy? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. What's that? # 030: #2 No, it's # Hominy. Interviewer: Yeah, and then what- sometimes when you eat it in a restaurant, you get it with eggs, for instance. They don't eat- they usually call it? 030: Um. {X} Interviewer: Oh, I'm sure how- they call it hominy gri- 030: Hominy grits. Interviewer: #1 Sure, yeah. # 030: #2 Y- yeah. # Interviewer: And this is a kind of vegetable. They're a kind of uh it's like a vegetable. It's white and you- They boil it. They boil it, it gets larger and kind of fluffy, and just often eat it with chicken. 030: Dumplings? Interviewer: Yeah, except this is something that grows in South Carolina down around the coast, and it 030: Wait a minute. Wait a minute. Tell me say what do you do with it now? Interviewer: Yeah. You you come dry in a package and you put it in water in boiling water and then it gets it expands and gets soft and fluffy and it's uh you eat it instead of potatoes usually you have this you don't have potatoes. 030: Rice? Interviewer: Sure. 030: #1 Yeah. {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay, what was wrong with the way I described it? How would you have described it? # 030: I mean if you hadn't said like uh anything but that is #1 I mean if you hadn't said uh that it came in a small package, # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 030: #1 I maybe would have understood it better, but you were just making me believe it was just one thing you just use this # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 030: #1 One piece. {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. I got you. Yeah, I see you're right. Sure, sure. That's good. # Okay, do you know any names for cheap whiskey or uh um uh or uh or a home brewed whiskey that #1 they- they frequently use? # 030: #2 Uh like splo? # White lightning. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 030: White whiskey. Interviewer: Yeah, what was the first one? 030: Splo. Interviewer: Splo? 030: Yeah. {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Uh. Oh. Uh-huh. # 030: #2 Yeah. {NW} # That is a terrible drink. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 030: #2 {NW} # People didn't drink splo or eel. Interviewer: #1 Yeah, what- # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Is that the is what's splo? Is that is that the 030: Uh, it's um I don't know what you w- how you I don't have any idea how it's even made but it's uh Interviewer: It's not the same thing as white lightning? 030: No. I mean well maybe it's a little worse than white lightning I would say. Interviewer: Do you know why it's called splo? #1 Cause it makes you 'splode. # 030: #2 {NW} # No, I don't know what uh no particular I've always heard of uh people that uh this is man's a splo drinker Interviewer: #1 Uh. # 030: #2 you know. # Well, really what it means is a bum. Interviewer: #1 Alright. Yeah. # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Is that's a homemade brew, though? Bet it is, huh? # 030: #2 Yeah. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Okay, did you ever hear it called anything else other than white lightning or 030: #1 Well now there is a home brew that people make on their own but this is # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, right. # But I was thinking of something like pop skull or bust head or- have you ever heard any of those? 030: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if uh something now you were telling me before with what is that you put on pancakes? 030: Syrup. Interviewer: And the the thing that you um uh you use to um uh you might use jam or you might use? 030: Jelly. Interviewer: Alright. And then if something isn't artificial, you might say it's artificial or you might say it's just a real McCoy you know it's not made out of this isn't this isn't artificial leather. 030: Genuine. Interviewer: Right. And then if uh uh did you ever use the term long sweetening and short sweetening? Do those terms have any meaning to you? For kinds of sugar. Um if someone had some apples, and you wanted one, you might say to that person please give. 030: #1 Uh, give me an apple please. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # We're talking about some boys, and I sat these boys, and you say no 030: Those boys. Interviewer: Alright, and you're telling where uh where something is say it it's uh it's not it's it's right o- over 030: Over there. Interviewer: Alright. And if we're talking about uh uh a um I'd say which man uh owns uh owns the orchard, and you say he's the man. What would you say? He- 030: #1 Uh you like you would say which man # Interviewer: #2 I ask you I say to you which man owns the orchard, you point over there and say he's the man. # 030: I say that's the one. Interviewer: What? Now say the whole thing. That- 030: That's the one #1 over there. # Interviewer: #2 W- # Well, what? That's the one. 030: Over there that owns the orchard. Interviewer: #1 Okay. And I ask you # 030: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: I might another question I might ask you I might ask you are y- are you a nurse, and you say no, I'm not a nurse, but I have a sister. 030: who's the nurse Interviewer: Alright. And what do you call the center of a cherry? 030: the center of a Interviewer: #1 Cherry. # 030: #2 what? # Interviewer: The part you can't eat. 030: Oh, the pit? Interviewer: Alright, and the center of a um of a peach. 030: It has a pit. Interviewer: Alright. 030: Or a peach seed. Interviewer: #1 Okay. Would you ever you but you wouldn't call it cherry seed, you'd call it cherry pit. # 030: #2 {NW} # Uh-huh. Interviewer: Alright, and a the uh now these are two different kinds of peaches. One separates easily, and one does not separate easily #1 you know from the from the seed. # 030: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: You have different names for for those? 030: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Like a cling or a 030: No, I uh no I don't think so. Interviewer: #1 Or freestone or clingstone? # 030: #2 Yeah, I well I know about them, but # you know just like if you go buy a peach, you wouldn't uh usually here they don't have the different Interviewer: #1 I see. Okay. # 030: #2 types of. # Interviewer: Now, the center of an apple is called a? 030: Core. Interviewer: Alright, and what kinds of nuts uh are you familiar. What kind of nuts grow underground? 030: Peanuts. Interviewer: Alright, do you ever call them anything else? 030: Goobers. Interviewer: Okay, and these are nuts that grow up on uh trees. 030: Pecans. Interviewer: #1 Yeah, and another kind. # 030: #2 Uh. # Interviewer: #1 Yeah, and these are these have a # 030: #2 Hazelnuts. # Interviewer: a hard covering and then they have a great big green kind of spongy covering over that. 030: Uh uh something like a- oh, a chestnut? Interviewer: Or black? 030: Walnut. Interviewer: Yeah, now what- what would you call that now the the uh what would you call a the outer covering of that? 030: The hull? Interviewer: Yeah, of the? 030: Walnut. Interviewer: #1 Alright, and then the the that's the hard cover is the hull. # 030: #2 Mm. # Interviewer: Now, what would you call that that? Do you have a name for that big soft covering or aren't you really #1 familiar with it? Not really, okay. # 030: #2 No. No. Mm-mm. # Interviewer: #1 Now this is a kind of of a vegetable that uh or a fruit that grows in Florida and it's um uh # 030: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: It's uh you make juice from it. 030: Like orange? Interviewer: Yeah. Now if you want you want to make some orange juice and and you walk to the um into the kitchen and looked around and you say well I'm gonna have to go to the store because the oranges are? 030: Gone? Interviewer: Yeah, we had some, but now the you might say the say the whole thing the oranges are 030: ha- have been eat- Interviewer: #1 Yeah, and the oranges are all # 030: #2 Somebody's ate 'em all up. # All gone. Interviewer: Alright, and these are little red vegetables #1 about that big. # 030: #2 Radish? # Interviewer: Yeah, the plural? 030: Radishes. Yeah, and these are larger red things that grow on vines. Interviewer: You put a stick in the ground and 030: Oh, tomatoes. Interviewer: Sure, and then um the uh the small ones are called. Do you have a name for the small ones that are about this big around? 030: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 030: #2 Small tomato? # #1 Uh salad tomatoes mostly. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # And then this is a kind of vegetable that grows underground. Uh, it's and you 030: Oh, potatoes? Interviewer: Sure, now what different kinds of these are there? 030: A white potato and a sweet potato. Interviewer: Do you ever call a sweet potato anything else besides just a sweet potato? 030: No, uh yams. I mean, but I don't call them that. Interviewer: Yeah. 030: #1 I know if somebody say yams to me, I know what they mean. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Okay, and this is the kind of vegetable when you cut it it makes your eyes water. 030: Onion. Interviewer: Alright, and do you have a name for the small ones? 030: Uh. {NS} Oh. Yeah, but I can't think of wait a minute. Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 030: #2 {NW} # Oh, what you go ones uh. I can't think of it. Interviewer: Well, would you ever use a term like spring onion or shallots or scallions? 030: Scallions and spring onions. Interviewer: #1 Okay, good. # 030: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: And now um what kinds of beans are there are you familiar with? 030: Um. You mean dried beans Interviewer: #1 Well, all kinds. # 030: #2 Or? # Interviewer: Just the general- generally I mean what are the beans that- yeah. 030: Green beans and dried beans? Interviewer: Okay. Now, what's the uh now what kinds of a when you're taking dried beans out of their covering you say you're going to? 030: Hull. Interviewer: Alright, and the uh what kinds of beans are there that fall into this category? 030: Uh, that's a pea. #1 and a pod, but you know. # Interviewer: #2 Yes. {X} # 030: #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Well, beans are bigger, though. # 030: #1 That you hull? Yeah, um # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 030: {NW} Oh. {NS} I can't even think of it, but I know Interviewer: #1 Well. Okay, shell beans, shelly beans. Do you ever do you ever use the term sivvy beans? # 030: #2 Shell beans. Uh shelly beans. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 Are you familiar with sivvy beans or uh lima beans or butter beans? # 030: #2 No. # Interviewer: {NS} 030: Yeah, yeah. {C: background noise} Interviewer: Which of those? 030: Lima beans and uh butter beans. Interviewer: Okay. Now these other beans though that you don't shell those or you just- but you just- those are just called. 030: A string bean? Interviewer: Yeah. 030: A green bean. Interviewer: Alright. And then how about the edible tops of turnips? 030: Turnip greens? Interviewer: Yeah, and any other vegetables with the tops that you that you also eat the same way? Other than turnip greens. 030: I don't hardly think so. Interviewer: #1 Alright, how about the uh on an ear of corn? The thing you have to pull off. # 030: #2 Carrots. # The husk. Interviewer: Alright, and the um uh the uh. Um when you eat corn uh you're eating it that way you say you're eating corn. 030: On the cob. Interviewer: Alright, you ever call that anything else besides corn on the cob? 030: Oh. Interviewer: Roasting ears, have you ever heard that? 030: Yeah. But I thought a roasting ear was when you uh roast it on like on a r- on a {NW} um what do you call that thing? Interviewer: #1 A rotisserie? I see, but you've never you you never use you'd never call # 030: #2 Uh, yes, and. # Interviewer: #1 just any corn on the cob a roasting ear? Okay, that's good. That's what I # 030: #2 No. Uh-uh. # Interviewer: Now how about the the top of a corn stalk? That thing up at the top. 030: {X} Interviewer: Or a graduation cap. The thing that. 030: Oh, a tassel? Interviewer: Sure. 030: Uh-huh. Interviewer: And how corn's on a on an ear of corn that that stuff that you have. 030: Corn silk? Interviewer: Yeah. And the this is a kind of of a vegetable that grows out of the garden they're all different shapes some of them are long shaped like gourds #1 and the zucchini's one kind. Yeah. # 030: #2 A squash? # Interviewer: Uh, and then what kinds of melons are you familiar with? 030: Uh watermelons. #1 Honeydew. Cantaloupes. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # What different kinds of um of watermelons do you know of off-hand? 030: I don't know the names for 'em, but I just buy watermelon by the shape generally. Interviewer: Okay. Alright, now the uh these are little things that look like little umbrellas that grow out in the fields and people go out and pick them. 030: Daisies? Interviewer: #1 Yeah, well these you eat and then you slice them and eat them with steak, for example. They're shaped like little umbrellas. # 030: #2 Oh. Oh, mushrooms. # Interviewer: Sure, now do you know what the poison ones are called? 030: Um. Yeah, but let me think about it now. Mushroom. Toadstools. Interviewer: Okay, and if you had something stuck in your throat, you say I couldn't 030: Swallow. Interviewer: Alright. #1 And if uh say can you do this and you say no I # 030: #2 {NW} # Can't. Interviewer: And say I'm really tired because I what all day I 030: #1 Worked all day? # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # Um would you ever use done worked all day in any special kind of a situation? 030: Mm-mm. #1 Like. No, not. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # And if someone you think someone should do something you might say he ought to do it you say you know he ought to do that now if he if you don't think so you might say he. 030: He shouldn't. Interviewer: Shouldn't do it. Would you ever say he ought'nt hadn't ought to do that? 030: No, but I've heard it. Interviewer: Alright. I say will you do this and you say no I 030: Will not. Interviewer: No, I w- 030: No, I won't. Interviewer: And um I'd say could you do that, and you say well I. 030: Might or I could. Interviewer: Alright, would you ever say I might could? 030: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Might could do it. You wouldn't say that? # Okay um if someone you thought someone was going to help you but the person didn't help you you might say you'd say why now that person he can help me he what? 030: He might help me. Interviewer: Sure. Or might've helped me. 030: Might have. Yeah. Interviewer: Now um this is a kind of a bird that makes a hooting sound. 030: An owl. Interviewer: Yeah. And they there are two different now. How there's another kind that doesn't make a hooting sound. Do you know what that? 030: You mean like a night bird? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 030: #2 Or just a bird? # Interviewer: No, it's a it's a it's a kind of an owl, but now there's some owls hoot and some owls. 030: I don't know about that. Interviewer: #1 They're just all owls to you. Okay, alright. Now this is a kind of bird you see up in a tree and # 030: #2 {NW} Yeah. # Interviewer: pecks at the wood. 030: Woodpecker? Interviewer: Alright. And this is a kind of animal that has did you ever call a woodpecker anything else? Remember your grandparents calling it anything else? #1 Alright, and this is a kind of animal that has a white stripe down its back. # 030: #2 Mm-mm. # A skunk. Interviewer: Did you ever call that anything else? Alright, and troublesome animals or insects especially animals um any animals that uh that might bother people's chickens or gardens and so forth they sometimes call them? 030: {NS} A fox. Interviewer: Yeah, a fox. What kind exactly?