079:  {NS} {X}
Interviewer:  #1 Fundamental concepts. #
079:  #2 Mm-hmm. # I had to teach him to multiply, divide, add, and subtract {D: And stuff like that}
Interviewer:  There's still a good bit of drill, right
079:  #1 Yeah, yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 that they're doing. # You can't get away from
079:  #1 You can't get away from 'em if you teach 'em anything, that's true. #
Interviewer:  #2 that. # Um all of these things that we have been talking about are pieces of
079:  furniture.
Interviewer:  Um what do you call um okay, what do you call the things that you have behind your sheer curtains?
079:  I call 'em window shades.
Interviewer:  Oh. Do you distinguish in your the term that you use between those and
079:  #1 The Venetian blinds? #
Interviewer:  #2 the the flat #
079:  Mm-hmm yeah. Yeah. Window shades never need Venetian blinds. {NW}
Interviewer:  Wasn't with it I should've noticed that its {D: a word up} Oh, what do you call the place where you store your clothes?
079:  Closet.
Interviewer:  Alright um is putting the two words together you would call it?
079:  A clothes closet.
Interviewer:  Mm. Um. Is there a kind of a closet that is not recessed in the wall?
079:  Wardrobe. Or something like that now you got that in mind? That's a term that
Interviewer:  One that's movable.
079:  Uh-huh, uh-huh. That's something that's almost gone out of American furniture is a wardrobe. #1 Hasn't been, used to be dealt without any closets. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
079:  Everything was in kept in wardrobes.
Interviewer:  Uh what do you call the space in a house between the top floor of living space and the roof?
079:  Attic.
Interviewer:  Uh and what do you call the room where you do your food preparation?
079:  Kitchen.
Interviewer:  Okay, would you um tell me something about the equipment in a kitchen? Um.
079:  You mean today?
Interviewer:  Well a little bit of both. Uh have there been changes?
079:  There are definite changes of course since I can about at my age remember.
Interviewer:  #1 There it is #
079:  #2 Mentioned some of them # Mm-hmm. From the cookstove to the gas stove to and there was a time when oil stoves were quite popular and of course they're still used some places. Uh and then th-the electrical s-stove is almost But of course gas is still popular, but gas now is about fixed to have completely replaced the wood stove You'd have to go a long way to find someone cooking on a wood stove now, #1 wouldn't you? #
Interviewer:  #2 I guess that's right. #
079:  And uh then another thing that has changed so every kitchen years and years ago had a cupboard sort of thing that was called a safe. And always had uh {D: metal tentatives} it was on the doors. And there was always a pricked pattern on those doors. And you kept your food in the safe in the winter time. You put the dishes of what was left. Leftovers in the safe until supper time cause you didn't have any refrigerator and they had ice in the su- in the winter you see. And uh so there was always a safe in the kitchen and uh then let me see what else of course the dishwasher's entirely new within the last what twenty, twenty five years? Maybe not that long.
Interviewer:  What do you have in your kitchen that will take the place of a safe?
079:  #1 Anything. Any #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh the place of a safe. # Any?
079:  Well actually it would be the refrigerator {D: Cause you eat} Cause you see you we keep you keep all perishable foods now in your refrigerator.
Interviewer:  Oh, what about um baked goods? Was there a did you put your baked goods in #1 the safe too? #
079:  #2 You used to have a # bread box that you kept it in. I can remember well we never thought of putting bread in the refr- in the ice box when we were children. You kept it in a bread box. {NW} And if you had a fairly good sized house you had a pantry. If you didn't you had some kind of shelves where you kept your canned goods and things like that at.
Interviewer:  Um what do you have in your kitchen now where you would keep dishes and?
079:  Cupboards. Uh cupboards I guess you'd call.
Interviewer:  Alright. Um do you remember anything about an outside kitchen #1 {D: that you had} #
079:  #2 No # That was further {NW} A whole lot further back. But you know they did have #1 years ago. #
Interviewer:  #2 I didn't know they did. #
079:  #1 You didn't? #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
079:  #1 Well yeah they did honey. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
079:  #1 Yes they did. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
079:  Uh if you go to some of the old houses if you go to Mount Vernon if you go to uh up here to the Vann place uh the Vann house up uh {D:above Dalton average was a} fine home that Joseph Vann who's an Indian chief
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
079:  had and then of course he had to go west when all the others were driven west but it's been restored very interestingly. Outside kitchen. Uh any of the old houses that you visit the kitchen was not in the main house. It was out a ways from it. They didn't think all the cooking odors and everything should get into the house. And how they ever got it to the table hot I don't know but I guess they did.
Interviewer:  I remember at Mount Vernon
079:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  there being they said there were little slave boys who were called runners.
079:  Yes.
Interviewer:  #1 Who who ran back #
079:  #2 Ran back and forth with the food, yeah. #
Interviewer:  #1 And I remember that now, but I didn't remember #
079:  #2 And uh even in the uh # houses that weren't as pretentious as that they had uh the kitchen somewhat separated from the house.
Interviewer:  And you only had one kitchen.
079:  Yeah that's and now some of 'em have called a summer kitchen now I've heard people use the term summer kitchen and perhaps that was away from the house to keep the heat from the house and then they'd've had a uh kitchen in the house in the winter and now never since I can remember did people have an outside kitchen but um certainly back in Civil War days they did. I'd say that went out probably in the seventies or something like that seventies or eighties.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
079:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Um. Let's see, what would you call i-is there a um general term that you would use for a lot of worthless articles that you'd say "Aw that's just"
079:  Um Rubbish or trash. {NW}
Interviewer:  And there was a man who used to come around and pick up things like this and you called him the some kind of name.
079:  {D: Well now} Used to speak of the trash man coming And who drove the trash wagon before the day of of trucks and everything. Now we never did have anybody who came around and bought up rummage or anything like that they might have in some areas. And uh
Interviewer:  #1 Well the word that I I was really looking for is um #
079:  #2 What's the word? #
Interviewer:  also used now to speak uh to as a slang term for a drug addict.
079:  Well I'd think of a pusher #1 That's what sells it #
Interviewer:  #2 oh oh sorry I #
079:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh #
079:  Huh. No I can't think of the word you want.
Interviewer:  Well how about junk?
079:  Yes. Yes uh now that's a common word with us. I think of it more in connection with uh metallic uh stuff. If you had uh some old {D: Mm if you had} I don't know. I guess you'd You'd sell you'd sell anything for junk. I couldn't think what you were getting at honey. Now I know when we were children there was a man we knew, a good friend of ours, who had a junk shop, that was his business. And he would take everything, you know
Interviewer:  What would you call a place in your house where you stored your junk? #1 Or #
079:  #2 Mm see # {NW} If you had a basement, you had a storeroom or something course the what's the term you use today? Utility room, that's a new term. {NW} You just call it that.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
079:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Um what would you call the um object that you use not an electrical object but a hand pushed object that you use to sweep the floor?
079:  Carpet sweeper. People used to have carpet sweepers.
Interviewer:  {X} But before that even, a more primitive object.
079:  Well of course broom, you're just thinking of the term broom.
Interviewer:  #1 Alright. #
079:  #2 And um #
Interviewer:  Um if I if if you would imagine for just a minute That I had a broom in my hand
Interviewer:  And I took it and put it here
079:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Then I said "where's the broom?"
079:  Mm would I just say back of the door?
Interviewer:  #1 That's fine. #
079:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Do you need to answer your phone?
079:  My sister will I guess. Let's see here {D: If you'd rather I would} {X} Or anybody like that. Well that
Interviewer:  What um ages do they have at your academy?
079:  We have from the ninth through the twelfth. Just senior high. Well in some some pla- yeah we have sixth, seventh, and eighth is junior high in most places so what ours is is four years of senior high. #1 That's what we have. #
Interviewer:  #2 All boys and girls? #
079:  No just boys.
Interviewer:  Just boys?
079:  They've talked about making it co-ed this year but they said they would if they had as many as fifty applicants. Well they didn't have quite that many. I think they thought it wouldn't be too good to have too small a number of girls and a large number of boys, but we'll probably be co-ed next year. And I hope we will. {X} I've taught all girls, I've taught all boys, and I've taught 'em together so it doesn't matter. {NW}
Interviewer:  You've had them in all
079:  #1 {D: In all ways, yeah.} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
079:  All different ways.
Interviewer:  Oh, I think your phone's ringing.
079:  Again? Yep, it is. Just fascinating It wasn't so much about it except that I was in the area around it uh when Victoria Hopes, her last book. And it really was just fascinating to me cause the ship would stop and then go ashore and I could just see us going to shore and uh Quito, Ecuador and everywhere you know {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW} Do you think that where the Australia now is where all the potential is?
079:  Well I expect it is what this country was in the eighteen-hundreds don't you?
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
079:  #2 Uh so much undeveloped # Mm-hmm. They say it's just beautiful. Just beautiful. Well we'd better get to our cards, huh?
Interviewer:  I hate to keep taking up
079:  #1 We'll visit the rest of the day, hmm, won't we sweet? #
Interviewer:  #2 so much of your time, but #
079:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
079:  I know we could
Interviewer:  Did you go to the concert last night?
079:  No, but my sister did she said it was just wonderful.
Interviewer:  I thought you might be involved in
079:  #1 Uh-huh. No, for a number of years I helped sell tickets #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
079:  to it but I hadn't done it the last few years.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
079:  #2 {D: there at music matters I just did it cause I was civic minded} #
Interviewer:  Oh. I gather that this organization is something like getting {D: one with music}
079:  Yes, it is something like that there. It's parts of these programs for I guess fifteen, twenty years now.
Interviewer:  That's pretty worthwhile.
079:  Yeah, it's good. It brings good things to town.
Interviewer:  #1 Well if there is no organization like that #
079:  #2 We can get through #
Interviewer:  #1 {D: You'll just get passed by.} #
079:  #2 Mm-hmm it just doesn't, you don't get, that's right. #
Interviewer:  #1 Okay so #
079:  #2 {D: Well now let's answer it a little briefly} #
Interviewer:  {NW}
079:  {NW}
Interviewer:  When your clothes get dirty uh what do you call the process that you go through to get them clean again?
079:  {NW} Well you just need washing the fact that I'm going to wash them myself. I'll send them to the dry cleaner if I'm not gonna do it myself.
Interviewer:  Alright, and after you wash them?
079:  Then I iron them. Now if I'm just if I have a linen dress that is a little wrinkled and it isn't dirty I press that I had make a distinction between pressing and ironing. I iron something that's just been washed it's got to be ironed but if the dress is a little wrinkled I press it. {NW}
Interviewer:  And what do you call this washing, drying, and ironing process? All called doing the?
079:  Well you'd, oh {D: get uh} I guess most people call it doing the laundry Uh some people say doing the washing. I don't wash anything that I can help, I send the sheets and pillowcases and everything and towels to the laundry and just wash other clothes, so I don't do a big washing but a lot of people, if they've, yes, now if they do use a lo- washing machine and they have a lot of children I hear 'em say "Oh I do "two and three loads a week" Something like that. So they'd speak of it that way.
Interviewer:  What do you call the part of the house that extends in front of it? Um
079:  The porch.
Interviewer:  Right. Do you make a distinction or do you know of
079:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 people who do # between the front and the back?
079:  No, not in this area. I would say {D: you would do that if you you lived in in Charleston} you might speak of the gallery or something but uh we would ma- we'd say front porch and back porch
Interviewer:  #1 The gallery would be for? #
079:  #2 there'd be no distinction. # Uh to my mind a gallery is a long porch like on those houses in Charleston.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
079:  Something like that.
Interviewer:  Does it make a difference if a porch has a roof or not?
079:  Yes, we would speak of one that didn't have a roof as a terrace wouldn't we? Or a patio or something of the sort.
Interviewer:  And whether its screened or not screened?
079:  No, I don't believe I'd make any distinction there except to speak of the screened porch.
Interviewer:  And how about size? Does this make a difference in terminology?
079:  You mean if it were?
Interviewer:  If it were large or long.
079:  Oh size at first I thought you said sides. No I don't believe I'd have any different I might just say a large porch she has a big porch or a large porch I don't believe I'd have any distinction in terminology.
Interviewer:  If your front door were open, you might say to someone?
079:  Close the door. Close it. Except I might say shut the door, but most of the time we'd say close the door I believe.
Interviewer:  What do you call the outside boards that are on a house usually wood but they could be aluminum.
079:  I call it weather boarding, we did as we were growing up and now the term siding, aluminum siding has come in.
Interviewer:  Do you think of siding as being only aluminum or could it be wood too?
079:  I would think of it just as aluminum I believe, uh some people might well think of it as wood but if it were if it were wood I'd either call it shingles or uh old fashioned weather boarding.
Interviewer:  Now let's talk about the word "drive".
079:  Mm alright.
Interviewer:  Today I will get in the car.
079:  And drive {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  #1 Here we go again. #
079:  #2 Do you need me to tell you its principal parts? #
Interviewer:  Yesterday I
079:  drove. {NS}
Interviewer:  And many times #1 I have #
079:  #2 I have # Driven. I'd put in a good word to get {D: Her to tell you this John Will Wreckemson} uh stepdaughter who lives with him
Interviewer:  #1 Oh did he? #
079:  #2 uh to talk. #
Interviewer:  What did?
079:  It wasn't scary, but now that would scare him, you see?
Interviewer:  #1 Yes, now #
079:  #2 He'd be afraid he'd say it wrong, bless his heart. #
Interviewer:  That's right, and this is something sometime we
079:  I I would omit with people that I thought didn't know. {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh what do you call the top part of the house, the extreme top part
079:  #1 Well, just #
Interviewer:  #2 on the outside? #
079:  I was thinking of the roof. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And what are the channels by which the water is taken from the roof
079:  #1 I call the term gutter #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
079:  Or gutter pipes sometimes.
Interviewer:  What are the low places between the gables on a roof called?
079:  Hmm let me think. Well I can't even think of a word, honey. Let me see. I just can't tell you. What would I say?
Interviewer:  Um. {NS}
079:  I don't know what word you're trying to make me say. {C:laughing} #1 You you can say something I'd say what it's common usage with me #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh what about uh # Uh is the word I'm thinking of sometimes you think of hills {D: as versus}
079:  That it?
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear that?
079:  I wouldn't think of calling it that, I don't believe. Maybe I'd just never called that anything. And I couldn't think of a word. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  I'm afraid I've never called it anything.
079:  Uh-huh. {NW}
Interviewer:  What do you call an outdoor toilet?
079:  I'd just call it an outdoor toilet, now there are different words for it I never could bear the word privy, I think that sounds horrible but that is what a lot of people call it. Used to call it years ago, when I had that. But if I were gonna tell anybody that I went to their primitive place cause they just even have an outside or outdoor toilet, I'd say. {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh did you that noise?
079:  Did you hear?
Interviewer:  Yes, I
079:  Heard {NW}
Interviewer:  As a matter of fact I have
079:  Heard it many times. {NW}
Interviewer:  Now if you really wanted to tell me
079:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  That you had not heard this before, and you wanted to emphasize the fact that you had not you might say "I-"
079:  I never heard that before. Or that's the first time I ever heard that. Or I never heard of that.
Interviewer:  When a person gets married he says to his minister "I-"
079:  Do. Or I will. I do, I believe {NW} {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  I don't chew tobacco but he
079:  He does or he chews tobacco.
Interviewer:  He used to smoke, but now he
079:  He does not.
Interviewer:  Have you any more work to do in the field? No, I it yesterday
079:  I did it yesterday.
Interviewer:  #1 And in #
079:  #2 Or I finished yesterday #
Interviewer:  Then I said "are you sure" and you say "Yes, I have"
079:  Finished, I have done it.
Interviewer:  Alright. If someone asked you "are you absolutely sure?" and inside you really weren't all that sure
079:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  You might say to them, "No, I'm not"
079:  Positive. I'm not absolutely certain.
Interviewer:  Then uh if someone asked you, did you talk to him recently? You might say, yes, I talking to him yesterday.
079:  I was talking to him yesterday.
Interviewer:  And if someone if I asked you, did I talk to him, you might say, yes you
079:  Talked to him yesterday
Interviewer:  Or?
079:  Or you did talk to him.
Interviewer:  #1 {D: Or you do you} #
079:  #2 You have talked to him. #
Interviewer:  You? #1 But if I can #
079:  #2 Talking #
Interviewer:  #1 You what? #
079:  #2 Using #
Interviewer:  Using using talking. You?
079:  You were talking to him yesterday.
Interviewer:  Have you thought about that today? You might say I thinking since I got out of bed about that.
079:  I had been thinking.
Interviewer:  What do you is another term you would use for your home referring just to the building? You might say my?
079:  My house.
Interviewer:  #1 And if you had two of 'em you might say my houses. #
079:  #2 My houses. # Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  What is the large building on a farm that usually is used to house animals?
079:  Generally called a barn, now sometimes you'd speak of a stable. That's more just for horses I believe.
Interviewer:  Uh is there a particular shape that you think of?
079:  #1 Yes. You'd think of a #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
079:  a rectangular, oblong shape, most barns are. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And what do you call an area of just outside the barn?
079:  Barnyard.
Interviewer:  Is this fenced, is this a fenced area?
079:  Generally in my {D: in my attention} it would be, on a farm. There'd be a fence around, an enclosure generally around a barn, I believe.
Interviewer:  What do you call a building you use to store corn?
079:  Crib.
Interviewer:  And what is the upper part of the barn called?
079:  The loft.
Interviewer:  Alright. Can you describe what a loft looks like?
079:  It is um generally floored with rough planking and not uh sealed or anything overhead just the rafters showing. And the sloped roof of course is sloping.
Interviewer:  What about openings?
079:  Um let me see generally at the front and back there would be uh uh maybe a door that opened the hay could be brought through or something like that. And big barns might have uh windows along the side.
Interviewer:  What do you call the object that's formed when hay is mowed and then dragged together its formed into what?
079:  Hay haystacks sometimes and it is mound is that what hay mound, is that the right word for that? I think I'd just say its in s see the haystacks I think I'd say.
Interviewer:  It, does the word change at all according to the size of it? If if it were very small ones, would you call them something different?
079:  Well now I did be say hay is that what we're talking about? Uh, it depends on uh have we got one of these modern machines goes along makes it up in a bale as it goes? {NW} That'd be smart {C: laughing}.
Interviewer:  Well we'll assume a little more primitive method
079:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
079:  I get they were working for a small a small stack of hay.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm, but you don't think they're more
079:  No now what have you got in mind?
Interviewer:  #1 Well um #
079:  #2 I'll tell you # If I ever heard it.
Interviewer:  Well not really, but have you heard of ever heard of haycock?
079:  I've heard that {X} but it's not in my vocabulary. I wouldn't use it. I haven't seen it enough in print. I I I uh maybe remember sometimes seeing it, but it's not common to me at all.
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh what do you call the places if there's more than one where hay is stored in a barn?
079:  Hayloft. Generally, I guess? About the only thing I can think of. {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright. What do you call a shelter for cows?
079:  Other than a barn or
Interviewer:  #1 Other than the #
079:  #2 stable? #
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
079:  #2 the barn. # Cow pen sometimes, where you have a cow enclosed or something. Um course now you're not thinking of a dairy?
Interviewer:  No but now are there separate barns sometimes where cows are kept?
079:  I suppose so. If anybody had even been having enough to get there which is had several cows. But I don't think about anything but just a barn.
Interviewer:  Is there a special measure for a building where cows would be taken to be milked?
079:  Cattle shed maybe? No. Cow barn is sometimes a term cow is put in front of barn. That's all I can think of.
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh do you know of any equipment that's used in milking cows?
079:  {NW} I'm not much a farmer {C:laughing} {NW} Yeah, you use your hands {C:laughing} I used to could milk {C:laughing} Using both my hands.
Interviewer:  Well it's beautiful equipment.
079:  And of course they have milkin-milking machines.
Interviewer:  Alright. What is um the animal that is raised on a farm for pork?
079:  Hog.
Interviewer:  And what's the enclosure where they are?
079:  A pigsty or pigpen.
Interviewer:  What about a farm and I think perhaps you mentioned this a minute ago that keeps cows for
079:  #1 Yeah. Dairy. #
Interviewer:  #2 milking purposes? # And do you know w-what do you think of when you say dairy do you think of what I just said or?
079:  I if you say somebody runs a dairy I think of a big barn and the cows and equipment that they'd have and the cream separators and whatnot. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Now do you make a distinction between the dairy as a dairy farm and the dairy as the people who who deliver milk?
079:  Yes, today they'd be at the station there are some dairies that are just they're they're just organization of the cows, the milking and that. It's not part of a farm or anything. There are some dairies that its a man who owns a farm and has a large number of cows and sells the milk. And in a way you'd think about it in a little different connection. One is a completely just a commercial enterprise for the selling of milk and the other is part of a farm.
Interviewer:  But you'd probably refer to them both as #1 dairies? #
079:  #2 Yes # I'd expect so, that farmer runs a dairy. We'd say. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And just the
079:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 context #
079:  #1 Yeah. Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 the context would really take #
079:  Tell you which you mean.
Interviewer:  Alright. What do you call the weed that's grown and chopped up to put in be put inside cigarettes?
079:  Tobacco.
Interviewer:  And what do you call the area where there is grown?
079:  #1 {D: The field} #
Interviewer:  #2 The full area #
079:  #1 Um. #
Interviewer:  #2 where it's grown. #
079:  Let me see, something other than a field. Tobacco I don't believe that word's comes to me now.
Interviewer:  Alright.
079:  N-n-now {C: laughing} tell me what you had in mind and see what
Interviewer:  Uh how about patch?
079:  No, I'd say a cotton patch but I wouldn't say a tobacco #1 patch. #
Interviewer:  #2 You wouldn't? #
079:  Uh well no I-I-I don't and people may say it t-the field where tobacco is raised but I wouldn't uh I'd just say look at that field of tobacco out there.
Interviewer:  #1 Alright. Is there #
079:  #2 {D: I don't think I had anything else turn up} #
Interviewer:  something beside cotton that you would use in
079:  #1 Patch. #
Interviewer:  #2 r-refer #
079:  Yes, corn patch. We'd speak of a corn patch. And a cotton patch. But I don't believe anything else. Has the word patch
Interviewer:  Does patch mean size really? Do you determine
079:  #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 patch by how big the free area is? #
079:  Yes, perhaps if there was a great big field of cotton we wouldn't say a cotton patch. Uh, or a great big field of corn. I believe it's, it tends to be a smaller area.
Interviewer:  Do you have any other descriptions for fields
079:  #1 Now but one thing I thought of another kind of patch. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
079:  A briar patch. Born and bred in a briar patch.
Interviewer:  Oh.
079:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Brer rabbit.
079:  Yeah yeah. Uh any other term for #1 field did you say? #
Interviewer:  #2 any other # terms that you might use for fields to distinguish their size from one another.
079:  Well let me think. There are things I've read, on some big farms, they'd speak of a quarter section of something that they had in in cotton or corn. Great big farms in the west where they had great big areas of cotton. Uh and where it's laid off in sections and quarter sections, but it's not here in this area. So I guess I'd just say a large field. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Would you name as many different kinds of fences that you can think of? According to their construct
079:  #1 Well #
Interviewer:  #2 the material used to build. #
079:  old time rail fence. And uh wire fence, of course we can include a lot of different kinds of wire fences. And then the kinds of fences that used to have round everybody's yard called a picket fence. That was in town, that wasn't in the country. And then just the plain old board fence that's planks, but not of not of what's that first one I said? Not a ra- not a rail fence {C: laughing} No, they've got lots logs going this way and that way.
Interviewer:  Right.
079:  I guess that's, uh.
Interviewer:  What would you call a fence around an area where you grew vegetables?
079:  Well now let me see, oh you thinking about a garden fence? Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And what do you call the upright lumber between which you string the wire?
079:  The post.
Interviewer:  #1 And you #
079:  #2 Fencepost # would be my way of saying of that.
Interviewer:  Alright.
079:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Uh is there are there synonyms for rail fences that you think of?
079:  Uh now there's something else we call it beside a rail fence seems to me look at that old {NW} can't think of anything but rail. It seems to me that there is another word, do you have another word in mind?
Interviewer:  No, not really.
079:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Is there are there different ty- constructions of rail fences? #1 The way they're put together? #
079:  #2 Well not not in my mind. # #1 The rail fence is the logs you know laid #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
079:  this way and that way and this way and that way with no nails having to hold 'em. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  But there's no other way that they could be put together that you think of?
079:  Not that I would think of as I speak of a rail fence that's what I'd mean that one's just laid up that way.
Interviewer:  Alright. Now, I think maybe we're getting into something that is easier for you.
079:  {NW} I know a little bit more about {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  #1 Kitchen type terms that #
079:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 men generally know more about farms, and women more about #
079:  #2 Yeah. Uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  and men could certainly be bewildered
079:  #1 Yes I'd expect so. #
Interviewer:  #2 by that kitchen terms. #
079:  {NW}
Interviewer:  If you were trying to distinguish for someone the two types of dishes that you had
079:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  You would have company dishes of course.
079:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And your everyday dishes. You're referring to your company dishes, you might say my
079:  Good china.
Interviewer:  And what do you call the round, usually white object that you would put in a hen's nest to urge her to get with it
079:  #1 and lay. #
Interviewer:  #2 Um. #
079:  You call 'em nest eggs? China eggs? We used to have 'em. I think we spoke co- spoke of 'em as china eggs.
Interviewer:  Alright. What do you call
079:  I'd forgotten about them, I hadn't thought of them in years and years and years and years {C: laughing} I was supposed to encourage her to lay right? {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Well it's supposed to make them think
079:  #1 One egg all day long. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # #1 {NW} #
079:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Power of positive
079:  #1 That's right. That's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 thinking. # Do they still use those at all?
079:  I expect so.
Interviewer:  #1 Some people I'm sure #
079:  #2 I expect so people that raise # the layers, you know hens for eggs, I expect they do. {NW}
Interviewer:  And do they use the same thing for darning, or was that a different sort of
079:  A darning egg. That was a smooth sort of a thing, it wasn't um well now Mama had a little gourd that was so smooth she used for a darning egg as we called it. But you bought them uh but they weren't like an egg that you put in the nest the white china eggs, they were generally Hmm sometimes they were on a little handle and you held the little handle
Interviewer:  #1 Oh I see. #
079:  #2 And pull the # stocking down over it and you have it in your hand there people don't darn stockings anymore, do they?
Interviewer:  No they don't.
079:  #1 Yeah, Mama could #
Interviewer:  #2 I think my mother is the last of the darners. #
079:  darn so pretty.
Interviewer:  #1 Mother taught me how though #
079:  #2 Yes #
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
079:  #2 Yeah yeah. #
Interviewer:  What do you call the utensil that you use to bring water in from a well?
079:  Bucket. Now some people call that a not a poke that's for a sack isn't it? I think I have to use another term for bucket that some people in the country use. Course when you say pail in some areas.
Interviewer:  Does this make a difference, are they synonyms or?
079:  Well I did would never use the word pail uh I would use bucket. And bucket would be any fair sized container to bring water in. Carry water in. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And where would you put in what sort of container would you put the food scraps that you had left from a meal?
079:  I would call that my garbage can.
Interviewer:  What do you call the utensil that's put on the stove uh and you usually melt grease in it and put something
079:  #1 Skillet. #
Interviewer:  #2 in it? # A-huh. And it's another name
079:  Frying pan.
Interviewer:  Alright. What do you call a heavy iron pot that's used or had been used on a stove to boil water?
079:  Well we used to speak of, now people up north call it a kettle, but we called it, in the valley we called it a pot. Because my mother spoke of a kettle she didn't call it pot, she called it an iron kettle. The big black ones you would use to boil beans in when we were children, to Mama that was an iron kettle. But to our neighbors it was a pot.
Interviewer:  Now is this different from the small things that we call tea kettles?
079:  Yeah, yes.
Interviewer:  #1 Now how do you #
079:  #2 Yeah now # you probably never saw a kettle honey
Interviewer:  #1 No, I never have. #
079:  #2 like I'm talking about. # Well they were they were about this big around and about this tall and they were black just like a black skillet. Now you've seen a black skillet. Iron skillet. Well that's what they were. They were iron pots and Mama cooked all her vegetables in those iron kettles. She called it we called it an iron pot.
Interviewer:  Did they cook it somewhat, I had
079:  #1 Oh they cooked it for hours #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: whole skillets} #
079:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh um. # M-my mother's old iron skillets cook better than #1 anything. #
079:  #2 Yeah #
Interviewer:  #1 Do kettles cook that well? #
079:  #2 and an I didn't # {D: have string beans cook in one of those little iron pots were good} cooks 'em about three hours, it ought to be
Interviewer:  Yeah I imagine so. what did you season them with? {NW}
079:  Salt pork uh uh now that's the term that varies in different areas uh mama called it bulk meat. B-U-L-K bulk meat. That was in Ohio. Uh people in this area whom we knew when we were growing up called it fat back or side meat or boiling meat, they call it boiling meat a lot of times Now I never called it boiling meat but a lot of people would.
Interviewer:  #1 And they're all the same? #
079:  #2 See my my # Yeah. Uh-huh. My language is a mixture of things that mama said coming from Ohio and things that Papa said and that she picked up here you see. Course we've lived here always, we were born here, but still we had a friend, I think I told you seven years ago who would uh laugh at some of the things we said because it was strange to him because it was some of Mama's expressions that we didn't even realize we were using differently from anybody else.
Interviewer:  Where is your father from?
079:  He was born here in New Orleans. See we're second generation {X} and now his people came from Carolina. And uh so we're southern
Interviewer:  #1 How did he where did #
079:  #2 all through on that #
Interviewer:  he and your mother meet?
079:  Uh
Interviewer:  #1 Did she come here #
079:  #2 Pap- Mama had come # Mama lived up in Ohio and she had come south to trim, she wanted to come south and one reason she was felt maybe the climate would be good for her brother who was sick. But he never did come. But she came south and she was a milliner she had been trained at the wholesale uh house in Cincinnati she lived in Columbus, Ohio. And it was a regular trade that young women learned then because every store every millinery store you know you remember stores that didn't sell anything but hats. But it the town {D: staggered on} {C: may be the name of a town but I can't understand it} had four or five good millinery stores. Didn't sell them in department stores, sold them in millinery stores. and every spring and fall they got a trimmer to come in and trim up a whole lotta hats somebody who really knew the skill of the trade, and Mama knew it because she'd been trained in it. And so she came south to trim and she did boarded down here at the hotel which stood where the florist is now you know the hotel and Papa was boarding there because his mother had died and the family had broken up and he so he was boarding there that's where they met just within a stone's throw right out our back door here is where they met. And uh so we had do have as I say a lotta I would notice some things about our language that somebody that whose both of whose parents had always lived here wouldn't
Interviewer:  #1 That's right. #
079:  #2 think of that, you see? # See I I know that bulk meat if I went into a store and asked for bulk meat they might not know what I meant.
Interviewer:  Oh I don't
079:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 think so. #
079:  And to me bulk meat is bulk meat its salt pork, its fat back, its volume meat {C: laughing} You see you have a number of different ways of calling it.
Interviewer:  What do you call a glass container that you would put flowers in?
079:  Vase.
Interviewer:  And when you sit down at the dinner table you will have three utensils to eat with.
079:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  #1 {D: Would you like to tell} #
079:  #2 Knife, fork, and spoon. #
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
079:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  And if you had two of the sharp utensils they would be?
079:  Oh you mean two knives? Or were you thinking about two forks? Uh-huh two knives. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  After you work in a barn it's necessary that you do something to your hands before you eat.
079:  That you wash your hands.
Interviewer:  Uh what uh can you summarize for me the activities that would follow having a large dinner uh the cleaning up process.
079:  Yes, I would say we'd clear the table first and then we would uh scrape the dishes and um put the scraps in our pail our garbage pail covered container, and then we'd put 'em in the dishwasher today. {C: laughing} Years ago we would get out the uh dish pail full of hot soapy water and then washed 'em and rinsed 'em. And then we spoke of drying them, putting them away and um any other terms that?
Interviewer:  #1 No, that's that's just fine. If um #
079:  #2 {D: Alright cause if} #
Interviewer:  you wanted to say that she um I washed
079:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 the dishes # and she
079:  #1 Dried them. Wiped them? #
Interviewer:  #2 Not dries them but the next # Uh no.
079:  Oh.
Interviewer:  Usually the same person does this but
079:  Rinse.
Interviewer:  #1 Yes, she would #
079:  #2 Yeah. # #1 Rinse them. She rinsed them. #
Interviewer:  #2 she # Uh present tense.
079:  She will rinse rinse them. I rinse the dishes after I wash them.
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh would you give me some terms for the equipment that you would use to clean dishes uh pieces of cloth or
079:  #1 I would speak of the dishcloth square #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
079:  or a sponge that I might have, a sponge. And the tea towel or dish towel to dry them. Dish pan, to wash 'em in if I don't have a dishwasher {NW} {C:laughter}
Interviewer:  Any um hard objects that you might use?
079:  {D: Nothing in particular}
Interviewer:  To help get the uh
079:  #1 Oh like like a scraper #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
079:  of some kind?
Interviewer:  Yes.
079:  #1 Yeah yeah yeah. Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 If you were doing them by hand #
079:  #1 Might have a #
Interviewer:  #2 which you might # When when you were growing up did you have anything of the sort of of scraping to help get the
079:  #1 I don't #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
079:  remember that. Now today we have to scrape a pan or anything we have a little soap pad
Interviewer:  #1 yes #
079:  #2 you know # Things of that sort.
Interviewer:  I wondered if you had anything
079:  We didn't grow up with those. Good old octagon soap was our standard
Interviewer:  Yes. My mother washed clothes with octagon soap
079:  #1 Octagon soap #
Interviewer:  #2 so for #
079:  #1 {D: would fix those} #
Interviewer:  #2 years would #
079:  #1 {D: And I had a friend who} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
079:  used it for her face and she had the most beautiful complexion
Interviewer:  #1 Really? #
079:  #2 there ever was. # She loved that strong octagon soap for her face.
Interviewer:  #1 So what her skin didn't fall off? #
079:  #2 Oh soft as it could be. #
Interviewer:  Oh.
079:  Yeah, but it all of which goes to show all of these commercials don't mean a thing
Interviewer:  That's right, absolutely. Would you name as many different kinds of towels that you can think of?
079:  Well, I would have bath towel a hand towel a tea towel a guest towel did I say a dish towel?
Interviewer:  Mm I think so.
079:  Mm-hmm. Huh that's all I can think of.
Interviewer:  Alright. What would you call the handles that you would turn to make water come out.
079:  Faucet.
Interviewer:  And the part that the water came out of?
079:  If I were gonna measure that I'd call it a spigot.
Interviewer:  Alright. We are talking about the word burst. Today the water pipe
079:  Today the water pipe burst.
Interviewer:  Yesterday a different one
079:  Burst.
Interviewer:  And several of them this winter have
079:  Had burst.
Interviewer:  What is the wooden container that's used for example to store flour in large #1 lots? #
079:  #2 Bin # maybe?
Interviewer:  Uh well I'm thinking
079:  #1 Or a #
Interviewer:  #2 maybe of # a round uh container.
079:  I don't know what you'd call {NW}
Interviewer:  I I don't think you'd have them in your home but I think probably they would store them would have stored flour this way in a general store.
079:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh.It's wooden #
079:  #1 Uh now was it, #
Interviewer:  #2 with iron rings. #
079:  were they in barrels? Flour barrels, yes you spoke of the flour barrel, didn't you? You know it's been years since you've seen a barrel, it's been years since I've seen a bucket except our mop bucket. {NW} But a regular bucket like you used to see so much just practically cylindrical Um So many things came in it in buckets when we were children. But you don't use buckets today. Uh the nearest to it is a container of Crisco or something, it's not a bucket anymore used to have a handle on it, you know.
Interviewer:  That's right. I hadn't
079:  #1 Yeah? A lot of things changed. #
Interviewer:  #2 thought about it in that. {X} #
079:  that we don't got that good plastic topping on it no.
Interviewer:  That hasn't that's been around for
079:  #1 Yeah. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 a while. That hasn't # changed just
079:  #1 {D: No, not this not not just right lately hmm.} #
Interviewer:  #2 recent, very recent. # The bucket you were saying uh the kind I have are galvanized.
079:  Yeah, but {X} yeah.
Interviewer:  It's the sides that
079:  #1 S- sides #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: were uh} #
079:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 #
079:  #1 But a lot of things used to be in buckets about this big around and about that tall #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: Now, there were buckets in} #
079:  and they were brass looking gold looking, or brass looking on the inside and I don't know what came in 'em, or why we always had to have a bucket around but we did. Now those buckets have just practically gone out.
Interviewer:  That's right.
079:  Just like barrels have. Modern child toddler never seen a wooden barrel with wouldn't know what barrel staves were or anything.
Interviewer:  That's right.
079:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  What would you call a small barrel for example that you might keep nails in?
079:  Keg.
Interviewer:  And what would you call I believe they were metal containers that a general store would've kept molasses or lard in?
079:  Well let's think hmm. A syrup a molasses Well that would be
Interviewer:  I think of it in terms of lard. My mother
079:  #1 Uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  #2 had some and she called 'em lard #
079:  #1 Lard. #
Interviewer:  #2 somethings. #
079:  Well I can't think, now different kinds of lard used to come in buckets. Um {D: Cothelene} and stuff like that was before you was born {NW} {C: laughter} Oh. Uh I don't know what you're getting at, I don't believe {X}
Interviewer:  Alright, well have you heard of lard stands?
079:  What now?
Interviewer:  Lard stands.
079:  Stand? No. Now the word stand it doesn't mean a thing to me in that position. Now I can use it in a connection that you probably don't know and this may be northern uh do you ever call a little table a stand? Well now Mama would say bring that little stand out in the room
Interviewer:  I think somebody in my family does
079:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 that #
079:  {X} {D: might have might've been handed down to them somewhere}
Interviewer:  Well mother got some metal containers with lids that pushed down very hard
079:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  On them they were seal- almost sealed. They were about so high
079:  {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 And about so big around. And she called 'em lard stands. #
079:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  And she called 'em lard stands.
079:  S-T-A-N-D?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
079:  No that's not in my vocabulary or experience at all that wouldn't mean a thing to me.
Interviewer:  If you had some liquid that you wanted to transfer from one bottle to another and one of the bottles had a very narrow neck, you might put something in it?
079:  A little funnel.
Interviewer:  And what is the leather implement that you use, you might crack it to make a horse go faster.
079:  A whip?
Interviewer:  And what would you say if you wanted to use this word in referring to giving a child a spanking?
079:  I would say give him a whipping. {NW}
Interviewer:  Do you do you really use this very much as a verb um, for a child?
079:  I think it is used you hear parents or someone say if you do that I'll whip you. And sometimes I say to my boys and they say uh they're not going to do so "what'd you do to me if I don't?" I said I'd just whip you. That's just for fun you know, but uh yeah its its common enough usage.
Interviewer:  Alright. What is the material that a bag or a sack that's not cloth is made of?
079:  Uh leather #1 perhaps? You thinking of a pocketbook as a sack or a bag like that? 
A grocery. #
Interviewer:  #2 No, I'm thinking of it like a grocery sack. #
079:  Well if it's not paper?
Interviewer:  That's it.
079:  Well we have a good many of cellophane today. You thinking of that?
Interviewer:  No, paper was just fine.
079:  What? Cause I remember when you said paper I got Oh and one thing about that whipping and spanking, Mama never would say that she'd whipped us. She'd spanked us when we were little but she didn't whip us, she didn't like that term.
Interviewer:  I was wondering about
079:  #1 Uh huh. #
Interviewer:  #2 that distinction, if people made that #
079:  #1 Yeah, there is a distinction there I think. #
Interviewer:  #2 distinction. # Uh what is the term if if you think of one for a very heavy cloth sack?
079:  {NW} Burlap sack? Or a tow sack? Or um I can't think of anything else.
Interviewer:  Alright. What do you call, is there a term that you use for the amount of say corn that you would mill at one time or that you would take to the mill at one time?
079:  I don't think of anything but a load of corn. Take a load of corn to the mill. Or a load of cotton.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of a turn of corn?
079:  No, I had never heard that term.
Interviewer:  Alright.
079:  Maybe called that on the farm, around here maybe, but I never heard that.
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh is there a term that you think of to refer to a partial load of say wood or coal? The point being that it's a partial load rather than a #1 full load? #
079:  #2 No # I don't think of any one word. Wh-what do you have in mind?
Interviewer:  {NW}
079:  Well if you have anything in mind I'd like to know if I can tell ya whether I ever heard it or used it though I might not bring it to mind with just your asking me.
Interviewer:  Alright.
079:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  What would you call the amount of wood that you could carry at one time uh by hand? You might say I have a?
079:  Well we always said a load of, we're bringing in a load of wood, we'd say. Now somebody else may have some other terminology for that but that's all we would've used and when we were children you brought in a load of wood very often cause you had to fill up the wood box cause you cooked with it, you see.
Interviewer:  Did you use the word load rather than say armload?
079:  Yes. We'd just say a load. How many loads of wood did you bring in we'd say.
Interviewer:  {NW} You kept track of each
079:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 other. #
079:  Oh yes we worked hard to get the lo- wood the wood all in before Papa came home so he'd be proud of us. {NW}
Interviewer:  What do you call the implement that is usually now made of plastic but could be made of wicker that you would for example put your clothes in when you brought
079:  #1 Hamper. #
Interviewer:  #2 them off a line. #
079:  A hamper. Well a hamper or a clothes basket.
Interviewer:  What were the metal or bone round objects that were put usually in petticoats in plantation days
079:  #1 Hoops. Hoops yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: southern girls wore them} # And can you tell me some terms for bottle stoppers?
079:  Cork and {D: I don't think} I don't know if I'd know of any other one that I'd use. Well a screw top or something on some of these bottles that have a screw top.
Interviewer:  Alright. What is the musical instrument that is played by breathing in and out and moving the instruments across your mouth?
079:  Now is that a flute? Or
Interviewer:  More of a country, Johnny Cash plays one.
079:  Um.
Interviewer:  It's the with his guitar.
079:  I can't think which one would say
Interviewer:  It has its a flat
079:  Not a mouth organ, not a uh harmonica?
Interviewer:  That's
079:  The harmonica? That's more what you had in mind.
Interviewer:  Do you think of any other words that are used for it?
079:  Um. It seems like there's something else. Now a Jew's harp's a different thing, it's a twangy little thing that you play. Sometimes people will call a harmonica a Jew's harp but it's not.
Interviewer:  I think that's
079:  #1 Uh-huh #
Interviewer:  #2 what they took away from what we were thinking. #
079:  #1 {D: I don't think of any other term, or sometimes} #
Interviewer:  #2 Some people might would use the # Have you ever heard of of of it being called a French Harp?
079:  French Harp? Yes, I have heard it called that, but that I don't expect I'd call it that, but I'd know what you mean. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Do you is that uh would you say Southern rural Georgia type usage? Or would you have heard it from somewhere else do you think?
079:  A French Harp. I don't believe that's in too common usage. But if I went in the store and wanted one I think I'd say a harmonica.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay #
079:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
079:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  What is the instrument that you use to drive nails?
079:  Hammer.
Interviewer:  And can you name me as many parts of a wagon as you can think of?
079:  Well let me see there's the uh the bed you speak of it the p-part th-th that holds the stuff. The springs, the wheels the tongue that goes out that you hitch the mules to the seat um the hmm something else I'm trying to think of. Piece there down underneath. It's been some time since I've seen many wagons. {NW} That's about all I can think of right off. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  What do you call in a buggy the two pieces that stick out in front
079:  #1 The uh. Put #
Interviewer:  #2 that you put the horse in between? #
079:  the horse between the my gosh have I forgotten that? How many the times have I hitched up. I can't think
Interviewer:  Chains?
079:  W-w Well yes, of course. {D: Couldn't have thought about that if I'd had to}
Interviewer:  What is the uh have you ever heard of the whippletree?
079:  Whistle tr- Whippletree?
Interviewer:  Whipple. Whippletree, that's what I was trying to think of is a whiffle, which is
079:  #1 whipple- I believe, whippletree. #
Interviewer:  #2 I'm #
079:  that is something in the buggy that maybe the thing the {D: chaffs} are fastened onto, I believe that gives I'm not
Interviewer:  I don't
079:  Kind of forgetting about my horse and buggy now I drove one back around 1918, but that's been some time ago {NW} {C:laughter} We had an old white horse kinda surly
Interviewer:  Uh what do you call the outside part of the wheel on a wagon? The
079:  The rim I guess you'd just call it the rim. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Uh is do you remember the wooden part that was inside of the rim?
079:  That was inside the rim? Now let's think a minute. I don't, can't think of a term for that, I may have known it as a child, the spokes of the wheel and the axle But I don't think of what you
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of a {D: Fiery}
079:  {D: Fiery?}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
079:  No.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
079:  #2 Is that a term # No, that was never used around me as as a child and we as I said always had either a buggy or a carriage now we, we had a wagon when we lived in one town in the country for about a year and a half.
Interviewer:  Alright. Can you think of some terms that are used for the process of hauling wood or or hauling anything?
079:  Like a {D: draid}
Interviewer:  Well maybe
079:  #1 {D: Hauling anything draid} #
Interviewer:  #2 the process of hauling? # Some synonyms maybe for hauling?
079:  Well let me see. Now uh in town moving things transfer probably or something like that something like that. But I can't think of what you trying to get at honey.
Interviewer:  Alright.
079:  To haul any to haul some lumber one place to another. I just say haul. Now a-anytime that you want to suggest a word I'll
Interviewer:  #1 I-I will. #
079:  #2 tell you whether its common usage or not. # Even if I-I can't think of it it still might be something that as a child I heard a lot, ya know?
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh now we're gonna talk about another word. Drag.
079:  Drag? I will drag it now and I dragged it yesterday and I have dragged it many times. Now some people say drug or something, but that's not a.
Interviewer:  And today I am going to?
079:  Still talking about drag? So I'll drag it. {NW} {C: laughter}
Interviewer:  I'll just give you the word and you give me the principal parts.
079:  Yeah {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  What is the instrument that's used in a farm to turn soil?
079:  Plow.
Interviewer:  And do you know of any different kinds of plows?
079:  Well of course there are Some of 'em are hand plows they're the little hand instruments that people have that they can push. And then there's of course a plow that you drive uh hitch a mule or a horse to and of course {D: gotta account for} plows, but I don't think of another name, maybe I should but I'm thinking.
Interviewer:  Alright. Um what is an implement that's used to break up clods?
079:  Well huh let me think. A hoe would be used for that some.
Interviewer:  #1 One that maybe #
079:  #2 A pick #
Interviewer:  a horse might pull.
079:  The horse? Uh uh wait a harrow.
Interviewer:  Alright. Do you think of a term that could be used in the process of sawing wood for what you would put say on if you had a a tree with the branches taken off? One long
079:  Big log, uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Alright if you wanted to saw this into sections, you might put it on something.
079:  Well you thinking about sawhorses? Uh wait you oh you know what they are right? Wooden, wooden things that you put something across on. Um I don't think. That's something you'd put it on.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. Can you think of #
079:  #2 when you're ready to saw. #
Interviewer:  anything on a farm particularly that might be used?
079:  Well I don't know if I can think of what you're getting at.
Interviewer:  Do you think of any kind of frame?
079:  Anything but the word frame? Mm no well it nothing there that's for me to remember.
Interviewer:  Does either A frame or X frame
079:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 mean anything? #
079:  That doesn't mean anything to me.
Interviewer:  Alright. In the morning when you get up uh you may comb your hair but then you have another #1 instrument #
079:  #2 Brush. #
Interviewer:  Alright. If you say that you are going to go through this process, you might say I'm going to?
079:  I'm going to comb my hair or brush my hair I'm gonna fix my hair. Uh you used to you put up your hair. {NW}
Interviewer:  I'm glad we don't do that
079:  #1 Uh yeah {C: laughing} #
Interviewer:  #2 anymore. # I'd imagine some of the girls now though
079:  #1 Yeah they are #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
079:  #1 {D: they've got lots of} #
Interviewer:  #2 something to go through, right? #
079:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  When you are using a rifle and you have shot a rifle
079:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  then you eject something. #1 The lead #
079:  #2 Cartridge. #
Interviewer:  Alright.
079:  {D: But I know about it} {D: Right but there's purely reading to see how bad it} Oh and I have never handled a firearm in my life.
Interviewer:  My father wanted me to learn. #1 {X} #
079:  #2 Well I think it's smart for people to # but we never kept I think at one time Papa had some kind of a pistol or something Mama made him get rid of it. She said more people been killed by having one around than had been saved by having one around and I expect that's the truth. The lawyers killed out here at home yesterday.
Interviewer:  Really?
079:  He and his brother, little brother were playing with a gun.
Interviewer:  Oh no.
079:  #1 Why the children had it #
Interviewer:  #2 How old were they? #
079:  Ten or twelve. Maybe eight or ten, I'm not sure just how old the boys #1 about ten or #
Interviewer:  #2 A pistol or? #
079:  Uh what now?
Interviewer:  A pistol or?
079:  I don't know what it was, it was it was they spoke of a gun children were playing with a gun, now guns are wide widely used term.
Interviewer:  Should never have
079:  Mm.
Interviewer:  a gun around like that. Particularly loaded or
079:  #1 No, no. #
Interviewer:  #2 a way they can load it. # What is the construction that children make sometimes by perhaps using the sawhorse and a board and putting the board #1 across #
079:  #2 A playhouse? #
Interviewer:  Uh no, you put the board across the sawhorse and one gets on one end
079:  Oh a seesaw. I thought you were building something. {NW}
Interviewer:  Well I did say construction. Uh when the children are on the seesaw, you say they are?
079:  Seesawing.
Interviewer:  Uh can you think of any homemade play things that you had when you were a child?
079:  Papa made us a seesaw and he made us a flying jenny.
Interviewer:  What do you call a flying, how'd you make a #1 flying Jenny? #
079:  #2 Well # It wouldn't fly when you see it at the fair or anything but he put a post in the ground, and then he had a pla- a nice a nice plank, smooth plank and he had a hole and a deep {D:boat and everything} and each end of that he fi- had a little uh seat fixed sort of a handle across you could hold, a place we could sit and it would turn, he had it so that it'd turn around easily and you'd somebody'd get in there and push you, don't know and you just go around it's more fun.
Interviewer:  {NW}
079:  Papa made anything he made us a playhouse one time, uh he had a woodshed and he decided he'd uh build another woodshed and give us that building for a playhouse. So he papered the walls and he made us furniture our grandfather helped him, he's a
Interviewer:  #1 He was handy #
079:  #2 he was a cabinet, oh yeah. # Grandpa was a cabinet maker by trade.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh really? #
079:  #2 A cabinet maker. # That was my mama's father he had a buggy company in Sundale, Ohio {NW} when she was a little girl and made buggies and uh so he was uh a fine cabinet maker, he could make all kinds of things I don't know if I've got anything around that he made but uh he'd make tables like that and uh things he was just very skilled at that and they made us doll furniture and you know we had a good time. {NW}
Interviewer:  Mm. {D: That's well} How many children were there?
079:  Three of us. Three sisters.
Interviewer:  #1 Three sisters? #
079:  #2 Uh-huh. And it just # uh well I my Louise is oldest, she's a year and a half older than me and I'm two years older than Ruth so see we were close #1 together. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh yes. #
079:  #1 And we did everything together, and still do. #
Interviewer:  #2 And being girls #
079:  #1 Yeah, do everything yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Well yeah, I guess so. # Being girls, that really worked that really worked out. It made it nice cause we certainly did enjoy playing together. #1 Oh that's wonderful #
079:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #1 All #
079:  #2 {D: And she didn't play annoying during those days like they do today.} # Cause they didn't have TV and they didn't have as many other things, outside things, to amuse 'em. And you played, you made up things that you played yourself. You played dolls and you played cowboys and you played Indians and you played this and you played that.
Interviewer:  Do you think they were more creative #1 then
 
than what they do #
079:  #2 yes, I think they was # I believe they was. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Did you have very many ball t-toys?
079:  Well we always did, had nice things we got at Christmas and all of that. Mom and Pop couldn't afford three doll carriages so we had one pretty doll carriage and we all played with it. {NS} And uh
Interviewer:  Did you have any trouble, did you share that?
079:  Yeah, we were right good I guess we were {NS} {tape error}