interviewer: alright the first thing that we'd like to talk about is the days of the week and terms that you may have heard of or know #1 for the days of the week # 079: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: Um first would you say would you give me all seven of the days of the week? #1 just say 'em right # 079: #2 yes just me say 'em the way I say # monday tuesday wednesday thursday friday saturday and sunday interviewer: Alright uh do you remember any special names for any of the days of the days of the week that uh you might have heard in the past? 079: when I was a little girl some of the people who lived near us called monday wash day cause they did the washing every monday interviewer: #1 {NW: laughing} # 079: #2 we never did but they did so that might be one thing you can think of # I don't think anything else interviewer: uh did you have any special names maybe for sunday or for saturday? 079: Mm no I don't think so I don't think of any interviewer: Uh were there any kind of rhymes that they used when maybe when you were a child 079: #1 {X}of the month but can't think quite what # interviewer: #2 to remember the days the names of the days of the week? # 079: Something bout tuesday's child is fair faced monday's child is full of grace tuesday's child is fair faced that's all I remember interviewer: #1 {NW: laughing} # 079: #2 {NW: laughing} # {NW: cough} interviewer: alright can you tell me how you would greet a person if you saw them early in the day? 079: good morning interviewer: and suppose it was to say after twelve o'clock in the day? 079: how are you? interviewer: #1 {NW: laughing} # 079: #2 {NW: laughing} # interviewer: how late in the day would you use good morning? 079: {NW: cough} until noon interviewer: and then what would you say after that? 079: if I wanted to be formal I might say good afternoon but I'd never say that interviewer: #1 {NW: laughing} # 079: #2 I'd just say hello {NW: laughing} # interviewer: #1 {NW: sigh} # 079: #2 {NW: sigh} # interviewer: what do you call the time say between three in the afternoon and five? 079: I call it afternoon but years ago in this area they called it evening interviewer: oh they did 079: they'd say they were going somewhere this evening and the reason I know that is because my mother was from Ohio and she noticed things like that you know and when she first came down here and people would say they were going somewhere this evening she thought they meant evening after supper you know and then they'd come right along in the afternoon and then she didn't know what to make of it interviewer: {NW:laughing} 079: so I know that's authentic interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: what do you call um evening then now? 079: I would call it night I'd I'd say Uh I had to go to the bridge club thursday night I wouldn't say thursday evening interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 I might if I was # writing something or uh but not in informal speech interviewer: #1 Evening is just more of a formal message right # 079: #2 {NW:cough} yeah mm-hmm # interviewer: so anything after five o'clock say would be? #1 {X} probably not # 079: #2 ah well uh yes I would think I'd say so mm-hmm # and that uh uh calling the afternoon evening is not common now but it evidently was and my my my mother came south she married in nineteen hundred married here in {X} nineteen hundred and in those early days of the of the century I they said evening back then but I don't think they do it now interviewer: Um what do you call the last regular meal that you eat during the day? 079: {NW:sigh} when we were growing up we never called it anything but supper but now if I'm asking anybody to go out with me for dinner I'd say dinner most likely but we still say supper informally at home I would come in and say what do you want me to fix for supper so uh though it's changed considerably people call it dinner who didn't do so when i was a child but still it's a little bit formal mostly just uh asking people to have dinner with you interviewer: mm-hmm 079: the hotel or something interviewer: does it have anything to do with how heavy the meal is? 079: might have now we never use the term lunch when um I was growing up we had breakfast dinner and supper but today if I said dinner it wouldn't mean the middle of the day it would mean the night meal and of course ordinarily sometimes you call people in just come by for supper while you might mean you weren't gonna have any elaborate meal. interviewer: #1 I see # 079: #2 I think you might get that distinction # interviewer: uh what do you call the first meal that you have in the day? 079: It's called breakfast interviewer: and what do you call the second one {NW:laugh} the middle one? 079: um lunch I believe is the common thing I'd call it today I'd take somebody to lunch I'd ask what do you want me to fix for lunch so I'd say that we have changed completely there since I can remember you see from breakfast but breakfast is the same but dinner and supper have taken uh have been replaced by lunch and dinner for the most part interviewer: um when does when does night end? when you use the term night is there a point um during the darkness at which you start stop saying night and start saying morning? 079: I would not really thinking on terms of the morning 'til I woke up interviewer: #1 {NW: laughing} # 079: #2 round six six thirty in the morning # of course if I were saying somebody called me at two o'clock this morning I'd say it you see but you don't have too much occasion to say that interviewer: Um what do you call the point at which uh this big yellow orange ball that we see overhead ascends? 079: uh I guess I'd say that I was up before sunrise before the sun rose if I were {NW: laughing} interviewer: and what about when it 079: #1 we say sunset that's a beautiful sunset # interviewer: #2 disappears? # 079: we use that term interviewer: uh let's talk just a minute about the word rise 079: right? interviewer: rise #1 oh rise uh-huh # 079: #2 uh-huh # interviewer: um what time did the sun? 079: rise and interviewer: yesterday morning the sun? 079: rose interviewer: and when we went out to start the truck the sun had already? 079: risen interviewer: okay um wednesday is? 079: what do you want me to say interviewer: {NW:laughing} we're talking about now um ti- days of the week 079: yeah interviewer: and how they uh are in relation to each other um 079: yeah interviewer: #1 if if if I was to say if I was? # 079: #2 the middle of the week the middle of the week # interviewer: well that that's yes um let me go a little bit farther let me rephrase that question #1 mm-hmm # 079: #2 it wasn't very good # interviewer: um If someone had asked you 079: mm-hmm interviewer: uh the date 079: {NW:cough} interviewer: october twenty-eighth 079: mm-hmm interviewer: you would say looking at your calendar and realizing october twenty-eight you would say? 079: #1 that this # interviewer: #2 oh that's # 079: it was wednesday you mean interviewer: #1 uh-huh and? # 079: #2 is that # interviewer: #1 # 079: #2 # interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #1 well let's let's try again then # 079: #2 that's the middle of the week yep uh-huh # interviewer: if it this is wednesday 079: mm-hmm interviewer: then uh thursday is? 079: tomorrow is that what you're trying to make me say interviewer: {NW:laughing} that's right and if this is wednesday um tuesday was? 079: yesterday interviewer: so wednesday is? 079: today interviewer: {NW:laughing} that wasn't a very good 079: #1 that was a little bit hard to {X} # interviewer: #2 question {NW:laughing} # 079: #1 hmm # interviewer: #2 it does it's a little difficult to get # 079: #1 yup # interviewer: #2 what exactly what you're looking for # uh if uh something happened on sunday but it was not necessarily the sunday that was just passed uh and you wanted to tell them that it had occurred seven days earlier on a sunday how would you tell 'em that? 079: last sunday interviewer: would would that be 079: now it'd depend on how late in the week it was if I said right now something happened last sunday I'd mean three days ago interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 079: #2 from sunday # I'd say a week ago sunday interviewer: mm-hmm okay um if you wanted to know what time it is it uh of the day it was at the present how would you ask me? 079: what time is it? interviewer: okay um on my wrist I'm wearing a? 079: watch interviewer: okay uh can you see my watch from where you are sitting? let me bring it over to you {NW:thump} this is not the world's easiest watch 079: #1 {NW: laughing} # interviewer: #2 to read I'm afraid # now can you tell me uh do you see now that it's? 079: quarter to twenty to four interviewer: good all I have are little dots 079: #1 mm-hmm mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 so it's pretty hard to tell # okay when I spin this around would you tell me how you would tell the time then? 079: I'd just say it's four o'clock interviewer: okay and 079: four fifteen and four twenty four {X} I can't tell with that {X} four thirty interviewer: mm-kay 079: and I'd I'd say a quarter 'til five interviewer: okay 079: #1 um how bout that # 079: #2 four # ten interviewer: okay and how about that 079: I'd say ten minutes 'til five I wouldn't say four fifty interviewer: okay 079: that wouldn't be natural interviewer: #1 and one more # 079: #2 to me # {NW:cough} I'd say twenty 'til {D: twelve, five} or what it was #1 {NW:sigh} # interviewer: #2 no no yep # AUX: #1 {X} # 079: #2 um # well being very formal I might say four forty-five but automatically if somebody said what time is it I'd say a quarter 'til five interviewer: see 079: fifteen 'til {NW:laughing} interviewer: #1 the number I wanted you to say right? # 079: #2 yes # interviewer: um alright nineteen sixty-nine was last year nineteen seventy is? 079: this year interviewer: and nineteen seventy-one will be? 079: next year interviewer: uh when a baby has his first birthday you say he is? 079: one year old interviewer: when he has his second birthday you say? 079: #1 two years old # interviewer: #2 he is # and when he has his third birthday? 079: three years old interviewer: uh today is october the twenty-eighth nineteen seventy I hope 079: #1 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #2 {NW:laughing} # uh if something happened on october twenty-eighth nineteen sixty-nine you would say this happened just? 079: a year ago interviewer: okay um if you looked outside and the sun was shining and the weather was just very very pleasant uh how would you go about describing it? 079: I'd say isn't this a beautiful day interviewer: uh and suppose it was raining and um it had been raining and the clouds were starting to disappear and the sun was just beginning to peak out how would you describe that? 079: I believe it's clearing up interviewer: okay uh is there any other way that that this is said 079: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 in this area? # 079: uh uh kinda colloquialism I think that I wouldn't say but I've heard older people say it it's beginning to fair off interviewer: uh if you look outside and it just seems that it's going to storm any minute how would you describe that? 079: {NS} #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 you might could say the weather is? # 079: uh the weather's {X} it looks as if we're going to have a storm um it's cloudy it's gotten- clouds are dark or something like that interviewer: okay uh and in in the other way if the weather had been very pleasant and suddenly it it changed and looked very bad how would you describe it? 079: it looks as if it's going to storm or I don't know what to do might say it certainly has changed interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 quickly or something like that # interviewer: would there be a difference in what you might say if it had been sunshiny and suddenly turned stormy and what you might say if it had been stormy and then suddenly turned sunshiny? 079: let me see I can't think of any particular expression If it had been um pretty and turned stormy interviewer: mm-hmm 079: we'd just remark on the fact well this started out to be such a beautiful day but look at how it's raining or how it's going to storm or something like that interviewer: I see um how would you describe or is there a word that's used to describe a very heavy rain that doesn't last very long? 079: uh {NW: throat clear} downpour or uh sudden shower hard shower let's see wouldn't use the word deluge cause that's not a natural normal thing you use so what do we say sometimes when it's such a hard quick rain flash flood might might be that can't think of anything else interviewer: alright uh is there a word for a thunderstorm? do you have a 079: hmm not particularly that I can think of just say a bad thunderstorm I think's all I'd know to say mm-hmm interviewer: okay uh let's talk for a minute about the word blow 079: mm-hmm interviewer: B-L-O-W 079: mm-hmm interviewer: uh did the wind 079: blow interviewer: yes it really 079: blew interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: and it has 079: blown interviewer: right 079: {NW:laughing} interviewer: uh I think maybe um it might be interesting to explore the distinctions that are used or that you recall having been made 079: mm-hmm interviewer: between different types of rain um very light rain to the harder and into just as we were talking about the 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 the # the sudden shower or the thunderstorm how i-is 079: well I might come in somebody say is it raining out and I say just barely sprinkling just misty interviewer: #1 would there be a difference in sprinkling and misty # 079: #2 then uh # yes there's more than going to school it's just a haze kinda misty it wasn't actually sprinkling but it's so damp interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # Then if uh we'd say oh we'd say it's pouring down if it was just raining very hard we'd say it's just pouring we'd use that expression um {NW:chuckle} slang some slang expressions like you'd say it's just raining cats and dogs that's a common slang expression for us {C: laughing} {NW: breathy laughter} interviewer: um what would you call you were talking about going to school 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 in the morning # um what would you call it when there you can't say there's really a rain in the air there's a lot of dampness but you will find in particularly in pockets a grey 079: #1 very foggy mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 cloudy # okay um if you wanted to say that yesterday it was more so you would say yesterday it was? 079: foggier than it is today interviewer: and if you wanted to say that it was absolutely the worst 079: #1 the foggiest morning I ever seen # interviewer: #2 you've ever # um what do you call it when you have gone for a long period of time without rain that it begins to almost be a problem? 079: {NW: throat clear} we'd use the word drought but that is a little bit formal sounding we'd say we'd had a long dry spell interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # that would be more normal than to use the word drought interviewer: is there a difference when you're talking about dry spells and what you call 'em by how long they've lasted 079: I don't believe so I don't think of any term I would use I don't know how long you'd have to go without rain for it to actually be a drought um So I don't {X} any word that I'd particularly use there interviewer: um if there hasn't been any wind that you could feel all day long and suddenly it you begin to really feel it on your face you might say the wind is 079: has risen or um {NW: children playing} just the wind is certainly blowing {NW:laughing} interviewer: um when then when the wind begins to subside or go away you might say oh now the wind 079: has died down interviewer: um if it didn't snow but it is cold and you get up in the morning there's this white 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 stuff # om the grass uh you might say we had a? 079: had a frost last night interviewer: and if it gets very cold below freezing below thirty-two degrees uh and the ground becomes very stiff and hard how would you describe that 079: it's so cold the ground is frozen interviewer: okay is there a uh degree are are there degrees of freezing? 079: well of course I don't know just exactly what you mean but interviewer: #1 well if # 079: #2 we think of it as being # uh very cold if it gets down to fifteen eighteen or something like that we'd say this is extreme weather interviewer: well I think maybe what I'm thinking 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 of more is # when you're thinking of have of of freezing 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 the actual # 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 a freeze # i-is there a degree are some freezes worse than others and would you would you 079: #1 yes # interviewer: #2 call them something # 079: #1 and how would you speak of it? # interviewer: #2 different # 079: um I guess you'd use the word severe if it was a severe freeze killed all the peaches or something like that yeah maybe would mm-hmm hard freeze sometimes use that expression interviewer: alright um let's talk for a minute about the word freeze 079: mm-hmm interviewer: uh when the temperature drops below thirty-two degrees the water 079: will freeze interviewer: uh or or 079: #1 {NW:cough} oh freezes # interviewer: #2 present # 079: #1 what what you're thinking of {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #2 {NW:laughing} # last night the water in the pond 079: froze interviewer: the water hasn't 079: frozen this year interviewer: okay uh what would you call a very thin layer of ice uh you might find on top of 079: #1 um # interviewer: #2 a bucket? # 079: trying to think of wouldn't say film you'd say there's one word to help describe it but I can't think of what it would be a very thin layer of ice I might say interviewer: #1 okay # 079: #2 a coating of ice # interviewer: uh do you remember the house that you were born in? were you born in this area? 079: uh-huh go by it everyday going to school interviewer: oh do you really 079: a little house over on fifth avenue interviewer: #1 is that right # 079: #2 uh-huh # interviewer: uh let's see fifth avenue 079: #1 {X} be the fifth avenue there # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: #1 cross the bridge uh huh this way # interviewer: #2 it it's this way # 079: #1 going across the bridge # interviewer: #2 I'm beginning to get # 079: #1 yes uh-huh # interviewer: #2 it's very logically laid out # 079: it's made out fairly well interviewer: I didn't have any trouble finding my way around 079: oh yeah interviewer: uh can you tell me something about this house? 079: #1 this house or the one where we are going # interviewer: #2 that you were born in the house that you were born in # 079: the house were I was born is a small frame house still standing just as it was in nineteen two {NW:laughing} I was born and {NW:throat clear} it has stayed in good repair although I've not been in it in years but it looks nice from the outside it's been kept up it has not run down like some places you know do areas change I would say that that neighborhood right there changed probably as little in uh forty years or fifty years as anyone I know of the church right across the side street has been improved and added to some uh but in that particular block very few houses have been torn down with the exception of one house on the left across the street and one or two clear at the end of the block uh let's see one two three about five six houses in that block are just as they were since I remember interviewer: #1 is that right # 079: #2 mm-hmm # now lo-lot of places now this in this area here we've lived here forty-eight years and it has changed very decidedly it was houses all the way to fourth avenue and more houses across the street but that particular area over there hasn't changed very much interviewer: hmm has Rome itself changed 079: #1 very much # interviewer: #2 very much? # 079: it has uh never had a rapid growth like a boom like some places did during the war but they had uh power plant ammunition plants out there but it's had steady growth and a lot of industry has come in in the well in the last twenty to twenty-five years the G-E plant and the craft and the paper mill and all those big things there's always been a lot a good bit industry in Rome it was the {D: stove set} of the south some interviewer: #1 I didn't know that # 079: #2 thirty years ago when # everybody used stoves there's been some furniture manufacturing there have been furniture manufacturing plants here for sixty years of more and so it's always had a very good balance uh with agriculture and manufacturing and cultural it's it's been a well balanced town see we have uh three colleges now {D: we have new a junior college we've all but had} interviewer: #1 oh what do you what is the? # 079: #2 it two two years # we have shorter college berry college and the new junior college interviewer: #1 what do they call the junior college # 079: #2 state junior college # well it just opened this fall {NW:cough} buildings aren't finished yet they're having classes in temporary quarters interviewer: #1 oh is that right # 079: #2 in town # and um what would it be called just it'd be called the Rome junior college I guess it will up the one up in Dalton is called Dalton junior interviewer: #1 mm-mm # 079: #2 college # interviewer: #1 and there's one at kennesaw # 079: #2 and kennesaw # so I suppose it'd just be called Rome junior college mm-hmm interviewer: that that's #1 {D:terrific} # 079: #2 and and Rome's had # interviewer: #1 three colleges # 079: #2 good good # cultural background a lot of music and art interests and so on through the years interviewer: what's the population of Rome? 079: it's awful to ask me and me not be too sure forty thousand is what we just say right off interviewer: #1 mm-hmm now is that # 079: #2 now I don't know what the nineteen seventy census will be # and that forty thousand does not include some outlying districts that ought to be included perhaps {NW: throat clear} I mean there's sections closer to town that aren't counted then some that are quite a distance out that are counted interviewer: #1 you notice from the map # 079: #2 I guess it's that way in any city though yeah # interviewer: #1 that it get's um kind of a # 079: #2 uh-huh # interviewer: #1 funny shape # 079: #2 it did section out um # what we call {X} where the big rayon mill is it ought to be inside the city it's no distance at all from town way out in garden lakes interviewer: #1 I saw garden lakes on the map # 079: #2 that's inside the city yeah # So um it depends on the real estate dealer that gets it in you know interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #1 that's true in all city {X} # 079: #2 {D:alright} # interviewer: #1 um is there um # 079: #2 hmm # interviewer: is there a historical society in Rome? 079: yes there are different groups that are interested in uh history right now the university women A-A-U-W there along too I'm chairman of the committee that's getting up plaques about the history of Rome interviewer: oh really 079: and there are groups of people who are interested in getting placards and markers here and there there's a genealogical society which is right interesting I've been to some of there programs and um I'd say there was a normal interest in history interviewer: it seems that there would be a lot of potential 079: yep there is {X} It's a very interesting area you see yeah It didn't just grow Rome this town was started founded by {X:name} who said let's build a town here interviewer: #1 oh really # 079: #2 it'd be a good place to have a town mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 I didn't know that # 079: #2 yeah yeah # I can tell ya I got a poem lasts a half an hour all about the history interviewer: #1 oh really # 079: #2 of Rome # interviewer: #1 is that right # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} {X} uh-huh # interviewer: #1 oh that's terrific # 079: #2 yeah and um # it really was interesting it was {NW: throat clear} two men were riding from castle to Livingston down near the state line to hold court one day back in eighteen thirty-three about and um they stopped to give their horses a drink and a rest down where now is the corner of broad street and third avenue there was a pretty spring there and while they were sitting there talking they said you know this is a pretty place be a good place to start a town with the rivers they knew that the Oostanaula and Etowah came together to form the Coosa and the mountains around fertile valleys and uh while they were sitting there another man man rolled up on horseback and got up to get a drink and introduced himself to them he was Phillip W. Hemphill and he lived on a big plantation out where Darlington school is now fact some of the the big house {X} part of it is the same hot house that he had interviewer: #1 is that right # 079: #2 and he told {X} # they told him what they'd been talking about and he said no I've got a brother in law down at Cave Springs now Cave Springs is an older town than Rome little town about sixteen miles from here and he said he's in the legislature and maybe he could help us draw up a bill to put through the legislature to get a town incorporated and in eighteen thirty-five it was incorporated and those fine men put names into a hat they dr- wrote a little a name on a piece of paper what they thought would be a good name for the town and fortunately Rome was drawn out interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #1 what were the other ones {X} # 079: #2 one of 'em was Warsaw # one of them put in Hamburg one of them put in uh Stylesbury within this bag and Hillbury within this bag interviewer: #1 is there there is a Stylesbury # 079: #2 Rome was not # there is a Stylesbury not far from here over towards Conyers interviewer: did he get huffy and move away? 079: #1 No no I think that # interviewer: #2 {X} {NW:laughing} # 079: was called Stylesbury because some prominent families over there named Styles interviewer: oh 079: uh {NW:cough} but Daniel R. Mitchell was the one who put the name of Rome in course I suppose he was thinking of the seven hills of ancient Rome and the Tiber river flowing through it and so this would have interviewer: #1 does does this # 079: #2 rivers flowing through it # interviewer: Rome have seven hills? 079: oh yes people always calling me and ask me which ones are the seven hills interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 are there more # interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 there are more than seven # so there's no way I'm saying which seven they had in mind #1 but I just choose # interviewer: #2 you just choose seven # 079: what I think the most prominent ones {NW:laughing} somebody else might not name all the same ones interviewer: #1 that's fascinating I # 079: #2 but we all we'd all name the one # one up here by the town clock Don't know whether you've noticed the old town clock interviewer: #1 no I must not have seen it # 079: #2 up the hill the hill I'll point it out to you when you leave # that has been there since eighteen seventy-three and was a water tower reservoir when it was first built but now it's just a landmark and um that's tower hill and then there was the hill over here a little further away Shorter used to be before it moved out to where it is now and then the cemetery is on {X} hill, now that's an interesting thing about Rome that hill just just goes up pretty steeply from pretty close to the riverbank and there and you can go all the way around it and um it's a steep hill right there in town it's right in front of broad street interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 and uh so # good thing they made a cemetery out of it cause it wouldn't be good for anything else interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing}and um # the story goes that during the civil war the uh confederate forces knew that the federals {NW:car horn} were camped up on fort jackson which is a hill over here on this side and uh they didn't the confederates had very few men but they used a strategy they marched around and around and around Myrtle Hill and the federals kept the- {X} soldiers kept coming in they kept coming in they kept coming in they thought {X} they thought they could just tell that troops were moving they couldn't recognize them So they marched around that hill again and again and again and federals thought they had so many they couldn't do anything bout it interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} that's a story # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # I guess it's true {NW:laugh} but uh different ones would name different hills but that's the way Rome was started and uh interviewer: #1 I noticed that they had # 079: #2 it it it is # interviewer: the statue of the wolf with 079: #1 now that was given {NW:throat clear} to Rome Georgia # interviewer: #2 Romulus and Remus {X} # 079: by Rome Italy interviewer: oh was it? 079: uh huh back in nineteen twenty-eight about when the rayon mill was built here it was built by an Italian corporation and uh so some of the negotiations back and forth between those leading Italian um what I'm trying to say here trying to say industrialists and uh somebody made the suggestion some of them uh that the uh that Rome Italy send that replica of the wolf and Romulus and Remus to Rome Georgia there was an interesting article about that in the paper just a week or so ago telling you how one time somebody stole one of the little figures interviewer: #1 oh really # 079: #2 and they never did know what happened to it # they couldn't ever find it and so the somebody who had been connected with the mill and all had another one sent from Italy so that's the second one of one of the figures said never did know whether it was romulus or remus that was stolen interviewer: #1 oh that's a shame {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # but that is right that is right interesting history you see how we happen to have that interviewer: #1 oh yes that was # 079: #2 and uh yeah # interviewer: #1 something to be proud of # 079: #2 {X} yes # it is it's an interesting thing interviewer: well you know a lot about the history 079: #1 well I know a good bit # interviewer: #2 you must have you must have # 079: #1 I've studied it, I first # interviewer: #2 looked into it quite a bit # 079: got interested in it when I was a senior in high school uh Mr. Jordan {X:name} Battey who had lived here formerly and came back to Rome wanted to write a history of Rome and Floyd County interviewer: Is that the Battey avenue 079: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 uh Battey hospital and Battey # 079: {D: I don't think we didn't the straight street name Battey} interviewer: oh I remember seeing the name 079: you saw his his Battey monument up on the interviewer: #1 that # 079: #2 courthouse lawn # interviewer: #1 that's it that's it # 079: #2 which is to a doctor Battey who was a relative # of Mr. Jordan {X} Battey and {NW:throat clear} {X} trying to get up material he got the uh D-A-R I think it was to uh sponsor essay contest like they do you know in all high school children to write uh an essay on the history of Rome I suppose they thought they'd gather a few facts by doing that and I thought it'd be fun to try so I went to see a lot uh older people long since gone now and got information from them and all and I wrote it up I wrote it in chapters and everything and I had a little verse of this {X} I won the prize interviewer: #1 wow # 079: #2 and twenty-five dollars haven't had as much money since # interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 ever and uh # so that got me interested in it and from time to time I'd add to it and somebody'd want to know one thing or another um our church I've written the history of our church I've got it quite in detail uh all about our different pastors and everything {NS: church bell} the different buildings we've had and if I'm uh giving to it um uh Shorter Alumni banquet or something I go in and have it all talk about Shorter and about all it's done during the years` if I'm giving it out of Berry I give more about Berry interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #1 It's a very flexible {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 I have several versions of it # and several years ago {NW:throat clear} I {NW} give a Christmas program every year to the business women circle of the first presbyterian church I've done it so long I had run out of everything I knew to tell 'em about Christmas that I hadn't already used So I thought now if I took my history and went along and put in different eras two or three verses about Christmas Christmas during the early days how Christmas how the Christmas story first come to Floyd county and Christmas during the fifties Christmas during the Civil War period and uh the nineties and all up ya know um and I did I just dispersed that in So at Christmas I have to kinda go back and review a little Cause I've got to put that Christmas party {NW:laughing} interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: it sounds as if you might have it on cards 079: #1 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #2 and you just kind of show {X} # 079: #1 now I'm # interviewer: #2 the way you want it to go # 079: gonna give it uh next tuesday interviewer: #1 are you # 079: #2 at the Lion's Club luncheon # interviewer: #1 well this this won't be the Christmas # 079: #2 {NW:mumbling} # interviewer: #1 party will it # 079: #2 no this won't be the Christmas party # interviewer: #1 {NW:cough} # 079: #2 but if # somebody asked me to I have several have already asked me to do it for Christmas uh well I played that part soon as I get through the Lion's Club I start practicing for Christmas {X} {NW: laughing} interviewer: do you have have something special for the Lion's Club then 079: uh do I give them my regular version interviewer: #1 they get the standard # 079: #2 they get the standard version # interviewer: {NW:laughing} 079: that's it interviewer: #1 that is tremendous # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} it is isn't it # interviewer: #1 oh # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: what uh you were talking about the way the economy uh arose 079: mm-hmm interviewer: been balanced 079: uh-huh interviewer: what really is the principle economy is there? 079: well um in this um history I had it about uh our economic history {NS: children outside} uh now- want me to say a little bit of it? our industrial history goes back for many years for an old lone courier eighteen fifty-five appears news of the noble family who had settled here in Rome they had come from Pennsylvania to make this place their home they're iron family made machinery and other gadgets for peace time pursuits then later they made {X} for the war but among the oldest industries still in full swing today is the {D:Fannex} company and we're sure the way they make their trucks and carriers today would surely show very many changes from some ninety years ago and there's another his- industry who's history we should know Rome was stove seller of the south some thirty years ago but many of these families do not exist today for heating stoves and ranges are not the modern way but one article manufactured still in use in every home is furniture for fifty years produced right here in Rome we could go on with the story and show how year by year new types of manufacturing continue to appear until today they number one hundred firms or more with far larger pay rolls than we've ever had before now what about the proxy the founding father's made that Rome would be a center of industry and trade we've mentioned early textile mills and further reading shows that Rome's wealth lay in her cotton until well after the close of the nineteenth century but in the years since then farming is more diversified and you will notice when you ride throughout Floyd county many places where cotton grew before live stock and poultry take its place and bring the farmer more reward for all his labors then knew in former years for agricultural pamphlets this amazing fact appears annual income to Floyd farmers by statistics now has shown to exceed two million dollars just from livestock sales alone so you see that that's the idea that's what I mean you're manufacturing we're agricultural we changed from the cotton area that we were now back in the oh from nineteen well I suppose way back before I don't remember but all up 'til nineteen twenty I'd say the lower block of {X} was the cotton block and every fall when the cotton was in the day it was brought to town that whole block was just filled with cotton wagons piled up with cotton and people would bid on it you know and the highest price got it and the first bale would always bring a high price now that cotton was very that was just the main industry but today there's not nearly as much cotton as there is and I was talking to somebody the other day who is a farmer up in north of Rome here a little way {NW:throat clear} {NS:children playing} lived on a farm all his life his father was a farmer and uh he and his mother were talking to me and they said today you cannot get anybody to pick cotton that's absolutely impossible any cotton you raise you have to plan to have mechanical pickers there's just no such thing anymore as people in the cotton field interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 in this area around here now whether there still are # in some sections of Alabama, Mississippi there may still be enough colored help who will pick cotton but they can do it but you don't round here {X} you can't get anybody to pick cotton and you don't see a great deal of cotton cause there's so much poultry there is and so much live stock interviewer: is this uh uh big chicken 079: #1 yes not as much so as around Gainesville # interviewer: #2 farm? # 079: #1 over around Gainesville is really the # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: uh center of it but you see a great many of the big chicken farms all out around here mm-hmm interviewer: #1 um # 079: #2 um don't remember what I was saying # interviewer: let's um I'd like to hear your whole 079: #1 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: #1 well it's right interesting it's {X} # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: bout the children at school I teach out there at the academy you know and uh they know I've got it and they say say it for us someday I said well I'll say it in installments now we can't pay the whole class period to it interviewer: #1 how long is it how long is it the poem # 079: #2 but I would say up to the Civil War for you today # then I'll say from there on tomorrow and honey they don't forget it course part of it is to get out of class to get out of having algebra but they're really interested they just sit there and listen and when they when we went on with the lesson after that when some of them left they passed me that sure was a good poem interviewer: #1 well I # 079: #2 {NW::laughing} you really like it # interviewer: #1 I know I've become very interested in it # 079: #2 hmm # interviewer: #1 course it is a # 079: #2 it it # interviewer: Rome interests me because there seems to be so much of the past 079: #1 th-there is # interviewer: #2 that's still here # 079: now we do not have a great many old homes or anything that is still standing up Alfred Shorter's home {X} well private school for girls is now is one and of course {X} Miss Berry's home {NW:throat clear} has been there a long time it has not looked always as it does today Henry Ford gave a lot of money to restore and fix it up uh one on beyond it the ol' Freeman place we call it dates back to before the civil war and so on but we don't have a lot of now you go to a little town like Noonan oh they just one after the other townhouses great big pretty houses with columns that you know have been there a long time there's a good many of them in Athens and Milledgeville you don't find that so much in Rome Rome was not a section that had these great big fine town houses like some of them did now there was a very pretty old place it was the Daniel R. Mitchell home the children had been preserved since he named Rome and all but it was torn down and graded down and we now have interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 a garden there # Charburger interviewer: #1 oh no # 079: #2 so we haven't kept our old homes # as mu- as well as we might have interviewer: when was this done? 079: that was done some ten to twelve years ago fifteen maybe interviewer: maybe now there would be people who 079: #1 yes yeah there might be # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: it uh it's right th- there's not been much success in Rome in preserving old buildings and that is true the oldest building standing I don't I'd have to think a minute for I'd say all around in town Broad street and all some of them are still standing now the fifth avenue drug store right there on the hill here that burned about a year ago there that building had been there a good long time certainly since before nineteen hundred now I don't know just how long but uh a lot of the buildings on broad street have been torn down and rebuilt in the last thirty and forty years some blocks the block the national city bank going north that way everything on that side of the street's new interviewer: #1 mm-mm # 079: #2 within # well since nineteen twenty-five or something which sounds way back to you interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 but is not old # interviewer: #1 not that {X} # 079: #2 so far as buildings go you know # and on this side of the street I don't believe there's an old building standing maybe one and when I say old I mean it's been built within the last thirty or forty years it's not a building that's been there since before the Civil War so we just don't have any buildings downtown that old I don't believe interviewer: hmm 079: but interviewer: well I I deviated a little bit 079: #1 well # interviewer: #2 from the question # but all of this 079: #1 {X} get me started talking aren't ya # interviewer: #2 this all of this all of this is very important # 079: #1 hmm # interviewer: #2 so don't think you you're # that this is is 079: #1 {NW:throat clear} # interviewer: #2 not important # 079: #1 well it gives you a little bit of # interviewer: #2 that we really have a # 079: #1 idea of the feeling about # interviewer: #2 that's right # 079: #1 Rome that you wouldn't get # interviewer: #2 {NW:throat clear} {X} # eventually I'll need to ask you some questions about um your parents 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 and when they were born # 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 and something about Rome # 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 because we need to know about # in order to understand the people and their speech in the community 079: #1 yes # interviewer: #2 we need to know something of the history # 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 of the community too # so really you're answering some questions for me now that 079: #1 well good {NW:stutter} # interviewer: #2 I won't have to ask you # 079: #1 maybe won't have to do later on mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 later on {NW:laughing} # um we were talking about your home where you gone where you were born 079: #1 mm-hmm mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 here in rome # um I'm not expecting anything elaborate but do you think you could show me how the floor plan was or? 079: I would only to have to guess at it honey I would say almost positively you see I moved from there when I was two years old interviewer: #1 oh really # 079: #2 {NW:chuckle} and I'm not sure # well that I've ever been in that house since we've never and mi- mister Dan Buyers lived there a long time and they and they were people we knew and had good speaking acquaintances with but we didn't to their home to visit interviewer: I see 079: uh so I don't know that I've been in the house but I know in reason that it had a hall central hall and I think just probably one room on this side one good side where you could make a small room and maybe three rooms on the other side probably a little five room house about and most of them in that period were built that way with the halls in the center and there'd be two rooms on this side and three on this side something like that interviewer: #1 what what would be at the end of the hall # 079: #2 that would be a # well that I expect a back porch I expect a hallway through the house interviewer: #1 oh # 079: #2 most of them went straight through the house ya know # in that day and time interviewer: where would the kitchen be now 079: kitchen would probably have been Expect the kitchen was the third room back on that side there was probably a living room {NW:noise} maybe a living room dining room kitchen and two bedrooms that's the ordinary arrangement of a house about that time interviewer: one story 079: that was one story mm-hmm interviewer: #1 what # 079: #2 now # some we lived in later I could tell you more about of course interviewer: what what would the construction of it had been what would it was it framed? 079: #1 framed mm-hmm mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 the house # 079: entirely framed there were not too many brick houses in Rome years ago but uh everything today is nearly brick ya know but when I was a child the majority of houses were framed mm-hmm interviewer: I guess that's 079: #1 yep uh-huh uh-huh # interviewer: #2 the period probably # uh how high is the ceiling? 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 here # 079: they're high honey I have measured them but I've forgotten uh {NW:chuckle} let's see {X} oh I'd say are all uh twenty something feet high this is an old house we've owned it nearly fifty years and uh it was an old house when we bought it so I think it would date back let's see we bought it in twenty-two it would certainly date back into the eighties or something like that interviewer: #1 oh really # 079: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # mm-hmm sure it would interviewer: even um this is an unusually high ceiling 079: yes they are very high interviewer: even for 079: #1 uh-huh older houses # interviewer: #2 other older houses # 079: #1 yeah yeah # interviewer: #2 I've been in they # 079: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 this is # 079: I expect I've measured it sometime I'm trying to estimate interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {X} # uh eighteen feet at least honey uh maybe twenty mm-hmm interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 hmm # interviewer: it gives you such a 079: #1 sometimes I'll go to the store and I'll be measuring and I'll say # interviewer: #2 open feeling # 079: I want this much of that that's a yard and a half it'll be a yard and a half to the inch but I don't always get that accurate interviewer: #1 {NW:laugh} # 079: #2 I've sold a lot that's the reason I can measure # interviewer: #1 that's tremendous now I think that must come with # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #1 math my husband's a # 079: #2 it does # interviewer: #1 math major and he # 079: #2 it does it does # interviewer: #1 has eye {X} # 079: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # you have more of an eye for distances and lengths even then you miss it sometimes but um Lot of times I'd say I want that I guess I want two-thirds of a yard of this and they'll measure it and it's two-thirds of a yard interviewer: um 079: but I'm not always that accurate interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #1 so I can't I can't # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #1 estimate a mile even # 079: #2 hmm yeah # well it's not easy to do interviewer: mm-mm um let's see now um what do you call in a house that has uh that would for example burn wood or coal for heat 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 but now in a # stove 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 uh you'd probably have it in a # 079: fireplace interviewer: right and what would you call the part the part of the fireplace that is on the outside of the house and extends up? 079: #1 yeah the chimney # interviewer: #2 the roof # alright and what do you call the part of a fireplace that extends out from the actual recessed 079: #1 the hearth mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 part of the room? # um what do you call I think they're still using them in fact they they are probably selling quite a few of them now and usually there are two of them in the fireplace that you rest the wood on to burn it 079: well andirons uh that's not a common usage with us I guess if anybody had andirons that's what we'd call 'em I don't think of anything else you'd call 'em interviewer: does this house have a fireplace? 079: does this house have interviewer: #1 does this house have a fireplace? # 079: #2 {NW:throat clear} well see right back # #1 of course that used to be a fireplace and we had the # interviewer: #2 oh {NW:laughing} # 079: had the gas heater put in there there was a fireplace in that room and we had a big gas heater set it out in the room in there we do not have central heat in this house we have gas heat all over interviewer: it's warm 079: #1 I'm always very comfortable # interviewer: #2 very warm # 079: #1 very nice # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: {X} big gas heater in that room and in this one and in the living room the living room across the hall and across the back of the house where we have uh the den and the breakfast room and the kitchen we have gas heaters in each one of them where we keep all that part warm all the time all winter when we're gone all day we do not always keep this front part heated a lot of people don't try to heat the whole house and uh of course we'd like to it would be right expensive interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 079: #2 and see # I'm gone all day nearly all day Louise doesn't get home until six thirty or seven Ruth works 'til five thirty so it'd be right foolish for us to interviewer: #1 oh yes # 079: #2 heat all this # all day everyday but interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 when I get home in the afternoon I generally turn it on # interviewer: #1 well a lot of people don't heat # 079: #2 mm-hmm yeah # interviewer: #1 but part of the house # 079: #2 well it's it's # interviewer: #1 we turn the the # 079: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 vents off # 079: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 in the front part of the house # 079: #2 yeah mm-hmm # interviewer: uh what would you call this 079: #1 we'd call that the mantle # interviewer: #2 part here # 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 okay # 079: and you know what the old fashioned old time-y name for it some country people call it the fireboard interviewer: #1 no no # 079: #2 did you ever hear that expression # fireboard I've heard some people say that but it'd be people out in the country the older people interviewer: is it the same as a chimney piece? or is that that's just 079: #1 chimney piece yes # interviewer: #2 a word I've heard # 079: uh that's in the night before twas the night before Christmas interviewer: #1 is there # 079: #2 {X} there's chimney pieces in there # interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 the handles were # the stockings were hung by the chimney I guess it is I {X} chimney piece I guess meant same as mantle interviewer: #1 probably # 079: #2 probably # interviewer: #1 uh # 079: #2 I'm not # positive about that interviewer: #1 it's just a word that # 079: #2 cause # interviewer: #1 I've heard somewhere # 079: #2 uh-huh no I've heard it too # interviewer: #1 {NW:throat clear} # 079: #2 but not # it's not in my vocabulary {NW:laugh} I don't use it interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 {NW:laugh} # interviewer: uh what would you call the piece of wood that you burn in the fireplace one one 079: well if it were big I'd call it a log but if it were just some that had been split up course people don't burn wood in the fireplace much anymore I don't know any particular name I'd give to it now the name kindling to the pieces that you'd have to start the fire but course all that's in the past now we don't do that anymore interviewer: uh well about uh kindling then 079: mm-hmm interviewer: uh i-is this um a term that's used for di- for a particular size 079: #1 yes back # interviewer: #2 of wood you would use # 079: when I was a little girl and people had fires in the fireplace in the grate we'd call it you know uh you started a fire with little pieces of pine just about so long so big people split that up for kindling uh sometimes you'd ball it in a bunch at the store or something country people brought it in or some people some men split up there own they'd buy a load of wood from the country and they'd split it up things like that interviewer: #1 were there # 079: #2 burn wood in the stove # cook stove too you know interviewer: would you call that kindling in the 079: #1 no that was just # interviewer: #2 cooking stove? # 079: stick of wood bring in a stick of wood put a stick of wood in the fire in the stove interviewer: #1 it would be larger # 079: #2 you know # interviewer: #1 than kindling? # 079: #2 uh-huh # bout so long pieces about so long they were and uh {D:like} now it was a common practice when I was a child for a man from the country to bring in wood in long pieces and {NW:throat clear} made the logs that he had uh split in half or fourths and then Papa'd buy a load of wood then he would split it up into stove lengths interviewer: I see 079: and then when we wanted to be real smart we'd carry in the wood before he got home so he'd be pleased with us cause we carried in all the wood stack it up in the wood shed or fill the wood box in the kitchen and uh we were one of the first families anywhere around our area over there to have a gas stove interviewer: oh were you 079: For years we had a gas stove and a wood stove in the winter you cooked on the wood stove cause you wanted the heat but in the summer you cooked on the gas stove now that's before the day of electric stoves we were also among the first to have an electric stove cause my father worked for the {X} railway and lighting company that was taken over later by the Georgia Power so we always had everything electrical uh a little before some people did we had an iron long time before some people had 'em an electric iron and he always had an electric fan things like that now that would've been back around nineteen ten and twelve and fourteen when people didn't have 'em common interviewer: mm-hmm uh refrigerators I guess #1 {X} # 079: #2 yeah a refrigerator bout # people used to go around you know the ice wagon and come around and uh had great big blocks of ice and they'd chip off cut off however much you wanted and the children would all gather round and get when they sawed the ice ya know interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 079: #2 the shavings from it that was good # interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} in the summer I # 079: #2 {NW:chuckle} # interviewer: #1 bet it was # 079: #2 the ice wagon was # coming to the ice wagon was quite an event everyday and you'd tell 'em whether you wanted ten pounds or twenty-five pounds and some people have bigger ice box they'd get fifty pounds that's about as big of pieces uh as a home ever got and you didn't have ice unless you unless you got it from the ice wagon and then you didn't get it and you can't get cool like this the ice wagon didn't come anymore cause nobody buys when it wasn't hot weather interviewer: #1 what did you do with food # 079: #2 uh # interviewer: #1 and so # 079: #2 {NW:throat clear} # you'd call up the market in the morning before breakfast and they'd deliver meat to you interviewer: #1 for the day # 079: #2 imagine that` # deliver your meat before breakfast time I woke up many a morning to Papa calling the market for pound of steak he liked steak for his breakfast and uh they'd deliver it before breakfast interviewer: #1 you order each day # 079: #2 {NW:chuckle} # interviewer: #1 for what you had what you would use that day # 079: #2 uh-huh uh-huh that's right uh when it # when it was uh when you didn't have when it got cold enough you see why we used to uh keep what we had an upground cellar Papa called it he fixed us a little screened box outside of one of the kitchen windows and it was just screen so it was good and cold and the window come down in front of it so you put your food in there just like in a interviewer: #1 kinda like out from # 079: #2 refrigerator # interviewer: #1 the sill # 079: #2 mm-hmm yeah # interviewer: #1 of the window # 079: #2 out from the sill mm-hmm # interviewer: I never heard 079: #1 didn't very many people # interviewer: #2 of that # 079: have those I don't suppose but we did we called it our upground cellar interviewer: #1 {NW:laughing} # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: #1 that's really funny # 079: #2 {NW:laughing # but now that was probably due that may well have been due to Mama's influence from the north now it might have been interviewer: #1 oh uh huh # 079: #2 because other people around didn't have 'em # interviewer: makes sense 079: we had an interesting experience about this language stuff a nice young fellow few years ago who taught out of Shorter who was quite a good friend of ours {D: he'd be over here in a bit} and he would laugh at some of the things we said because he said we used a lot of expressions he didn't know now he was from over around Winston-Salem uh North Carolina and uh he maybe had some expression that wouldn't have been too common to this area but we realized that some of the things we said we didn't even know we said them were expressions we'd gotten from Mama they were expressions used in Ohio not common to this area you see interviewer: that's 079: so a lot of times you you speak a mixture of idioms and things of that sort that you don't even realize you do interviewer: #1 that's right um # 079: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # interviewer: somehow people don't realize when we ask them about their parents 079: uh-huh interviewer: birthplace 079: #1 yes # interviewer: #2 and how this could possibly # 079: #1 well it does make a big difference # interviewer: #2 matter because I've grown up # 079: #1 makes a big difference # interviewer: #2 in this area # 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 but not only your parents # but uh your associates your your day to day 079: #1 mm-hmm yes # interviewer: #2 associates # 079: #1 uh-huh # interviewer: #2 make a ev-every # 079: #1 the teachers that you had # interviewer: #2 experience you have # 079: if they happened to be Dyed in the wool southerners and so on why they gave you some expressions and some feelings and ideas that you wouldn't have gotten otherwise interviewer: #1 that's right # 079: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: uh what do you call the black substance that forms inside a chimney? 079: #1 soot # interviewer: #2 and # 079: we pronounce it soot now what the correct pronunciation is I don't know but that's what we call it interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 {NW:laughing} # interviewer: um what do you call the grey um matter that's left after wood has burned? 079: ashes interviewer: alright and uh can you ge- tell me what you think the opposite o-of black is? 079: {D: uh you just want me to} say white mm-hmm interviewer: seems a little 079: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: #1 some of them are elementary but still I know that the whole pattern builds up into something doesn't it # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: #1 mm-hmm mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 that's right # uh you now are sitting in a? 079: chair interviewer: um let's see I think now I need the names of the furniture 079: #1 alright uh-huh # interviewer: #2 that you have in here and uh # 079: what I would call it you mean? interviewer: right 079: well I'd call that a sofa could call it a divan but I believe I'd be more apt to call it a sofa though it may be that divan would be a more common expression today if you ask eight or ten of the people I am associated with all the time I expect maybe the majority of them would say divan said davenport some years ago but that terms almost gone out you know how do you even know it interviewer: uh my mother 079: #1 uh-huh uh-huh uh-huh # interviewer: #2 says it # 079: it's almost gone out the changes in language are very interesting I often tell my boys I say now you let's say a sentence and see how many words we can have in it that George Washington wouldn't have known what in the world we were talking about and you know you can make them realize that there's a lot of things beside radio and television and Frigidaire and so on {NW:laughing} interviewer: #1 a lot of changes in # 079: #2 wouldn't uh # interviewer: #1 uses that are brought about by changes in # 079: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 civilization # 079: #2 uh huh # interviewer: #1 um # 079: #2 and new things in learning # interviewer: #1 my professor # 079: #2 changes # interviewer: points out terms connected with horse and buggy days 079: yeah interviewer: #1 that are just unheard of now # 079: #2 yeah uh-huh that you wouldn't know at all # interviewer: um and you would call these? 079: chair the piano the table and the lamp the bookcase I'd call this a bookcase mm-hmm interviewer: um can you name me pieces of bedroom furniture that are pieces that you can 079: #1 we would # interviewer: #2 think of # 079: think of the dresser we call still call it dresser and the bed table now for a long time you know dressing table was very popular in the bedroom you don't hear that term as much anymore interviewer: is this different from the dresser? 079: yes a dressing table was a popular came into uh popularity along I'd say about nineteen fifteen to nineteen twenty and along uh along there and it was smaller and um it had a big mirror and it didn't have the drawers and all that a dresser had it was supposed to be uh little uh cabinet thing for you to sit in front of and put on your cosmetics and things like that interviewer: you really don't sit in from of the dresser 079: no you don't interviewer: #1 it it's # 079: #2 no no # interviewer: #1 certain um # 079: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 teaching # 079: #2 how how they teaching 'em to # multiply divide add and subtract and so on interviewer: there's still a good bit of drill 079: #1 yeah yeah # interviewer: #2 with what they're doing # you can't get away from that 079: you can't get away from it if you're teaching 'em anything that's true so interviewer: {NW}um all of these that we have been talking about are pieces 079: #1 of # interviewer: #2 of # 079: furniture interviewer: um what do you call um okay what do you call the things that you have behind your sheer curtains? 079: I call them window shades interviewer: um do you distinguish in your the term that you use between those and the 079: #1 the venetian blinds # interviewer: #2 the flat # 079: mm-hmm yep I have window shades in here and I have venetian blinds in yonder mm-hmm interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: wasn't with it I should have noticed that 079: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {X} # uh what do you call the place where you store your clothes? 079: closet interviewer: alright um is putting the two words together you would call it 079: a clothes closet interviewer: um is there a kind of a closet that is not recessed in the wall 079: wardrobe or something like that now you got that now that's a term interviewer: #1 one that's # 079: #2 that # interviewer: #1 movable # 079: #2 uh-huh uh-huh # that's something that's almost gone out of American furniture is a wardrobe #1 houses now used to be the other without any closets # interviewer: #2 the oldest houses have # 079: everything was in kept in wardrobes mm-hmm interviewer: uh what do you call the space in a house between the top floor of living space and the roof? 079: attic interviewer: uh and what do you call the room where you do your food preparation? 079: kitchen interviewer: okay would you um tell me something about the equipment in a kitchen um 079: you mean today interviewer: well a little bit of both have there been changes? 079: there are definitely changes of course since I anybody my age can remember interviewer: #1 mention some of # 079: #2 very different changes # interviewer: #1 that # 079: #2 mm-hmm # the from the cook stove to the gas stove to in this town where oil stoves were quite popular of course they're still used some places uh and then the electrical st-stove is almost of course gas is still popular but gas and electricity has completely replaced the wood stove you'd go a long way to find somebody cooking on a wood stove interviewer: #1 yes that's right # 079: #2 now wouldn't you # and uh then another thing that has changed so every kitchen years and years ago had a cupboard sort of thing that was called a safe and always had metal {X} was on the doors and there was always a pricked pattern on those doors and you kept your food in the safe in the wintertime you put the dishes uh what ever was left the leftovers in the safe until supper time cause you didn't have any refrigerator and you had ice in the su- in the winter you see and uh so there's always a safe in the kitchen and um then let me see what else of course dishwashers entirely new within the last what twenty twenty-five years maybe not that long interviewer: what do you have in your kitchen that would take the place of a safe anything 079: uh the place of a safe? interviewer: any 079: well actually it would be the refrigerator {X} cause you see we keep you keep all perishable foods now in the refrigerator interviewer: uh what about um baked goods was there a s- did you put your baked goods in? 079: #1 you used to # interviewer: #2 the safe too # 079: to have uh bread box that you kept it in I can remember well we never thought to putting bread in the r- in the ice box when we were children kept it in a bread box {NW} and if you had uh fairly good size house you had a pantry if you didn't you had some kind of shelves where you kept your canned goods and things like that interviewer: uh what do you have in your kitchen now where you would keep dishes and 079: #1 cupboards # interviewer: #2 such? # 079: uh cupboards I guess you'd call 'em mm-hmm interviewer: alright um do you remember anything about a outside kitchen 079: #1 no # interviewer: #2 that you had? # 079: that was further {NW} a lot further back but you know they did have years ago interviewer: I didn't know they did 079: #1 ye-well yeah they did honey yes they did # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 079: uh if you go to some of the old houses if you go to Mount Vernon if you go to uh up here to the Vann place the Vann house up uh {X} which was a fine home that Joseph Vann who was an Indian chief interviewer: mm-hmm 079: had and then of course he had to go west when all the others were going west but it's been restored very interesting outside kitchen uh any of the old houses that you visit the kitchen was not in the main house it was out a ways from it they didn't think all the cooking odors and everything should get into the house and how they ever got it to the table hot I don't know interviewer: #1 I remember # 079: #2 but I guess they did # interviewer: with Mount Vernon 079: mm-hmm interviewer: there being they said there were little slave boys who were called runners 079: yes interviewer: #1 who who # 079: #2 ran back and forth # with the food yeah interviewer: #1 I remember that now that I didn't remember # 079: #2 and uh # interviewer: #1 until you just told me # 079: #2 even in the houses # that weren't as pretentious as that they had uh the kitchen somewhat separated from the house interviewer: and you only had one kitchen 079: #1 yes and now some of them had uh # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: called a summer kitchen I've heard people use the term summer kitchen and perhaps that was away from the house to keep the heat from the house and they may have have uh uh kitchen in the house in the winter and now never since I can remember did people have an outside kitchen but um certainly back in the civil war days they did I'd say that went out probably in the seventies or something like that seventies or eighties interviewer: hmm 079: mm-mm interviewer: um let's see what would you call i-is there um um general term that you would use for a lot of worthless articles that you'd say aw that's just 079: um rubbish or trash {NW} interviewer: and there was a man used to come around and pick up things like this and you'd called him the some kind of man 079: hmm now we used to speak of the trash man coming mm-hmm drove the trash wagon {NW} before the day of of trucks and everything {C: laughing} now we never did have anybody who came around and bought up rummage or anything like that might have in some areas interviewer: #1 well the word that I was really looking for # 079: #2 what's the word # interviewer: #1 is um also used # 079: #2 what what # interviewer: now to speak uh to a slang term for a drug addict 079: {X} all I can think of is pusher interviewer: #1 {X} {NW} # 079: #2 that's the one that sells isn't it # uh huh I can't think of the word you want interviewer: uh how about junk 079: yes yes now that's a common word with us I think of it more in connection with uh metallic uh stuff if you had uh some old {X} I don't know I guess you you sell you'd sell anything for junk I couldn't think what you were getting at honey interviewer: #1 it's difficult # 079: #2 now when we were children # there was a man we knew good friend of ours who had a junk shop that was his business and he would take anything you know interviewer: what would you call a place in your house where you stored your junk 079: #1 mm-mm let's see # interviewer: #2 or # 079: {NW} if you had a basement you have uh store room or something course what's the term you use today utility room interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 that's a new term # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 you just call it that # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: um what would you call the um object that you use not an electrical object but a hand 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 pushed object # that you use to sweep the floor? 079: carpet sweeper people used to have carpet sweepers interviewer: that and but before that even a more primitive object 079: well of course broom you just thinking of the term broom interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 and um # interviewer: um if I if if you would imagine for just a minute {NS} 079: mm-hmm interviewer: that I had a broom in my hand 079: mm-hmm interviewer: and I took it and put it here 079: uh-huh interviewer: then I said where's the broom 079: mm-mm well I'd just say back of the door #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 that's fine # 079: #1 {NW} {NS} # interviewer: #2 do you need to answer your phone # 079: my sister will I guess let's see she might rather I would {X} for anybody like that interviewer: #1 what um # 079: #2 on that # interviewer: ages do they have during {X} 079: we have from the ninth through the twelfth just senior high well in some some places yeah we have sixth seventh and eighth is junior high in most places so what ours is is four years of senior high interviewer: uh boys and girls 079: no just boys interviewer: #1 just boys # 079: #2 they've talked about # making it co-ed this year but they said they would if they had as many as fifty applicants well they didn't have quite that many I think they thought it wouldn't be too good to have too small a number of girls and a large number of boys but we'll probably be co-ed next year and I hope we will {X} I've taught all I've taught all girls I've taught all boys and I've taught 'em together so it doesn't matter interviewer: #1 you've had 'em in all ways # 079: #2 {NW} in all ways yup # all different ways interviewer: oh I think your phone's ringing 079: again yup it is just fascinating it wasn't so much about it except the islands and area around it uh one of Victoria Holt's her last book and it really was just fascinating to me because the ship's starting to go ashore and I can just see us going to shore and uh Quito Ecuador and {NW} interviewer: #1 oh # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 do you think that where # 079: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: that Australia now is where all the potential is? 079: well I expect it is what this country was in the eighteen hundreds don't you interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 so much undeveloped # mm-hmm they say it's just beautiful just beautiful well we better get to our cards interviewer: #1 yes honey # 079: #2 huh # interviewer: I hate to keep taking up 079: #1 we'll visit the rest of the afternoon won't we sweetie # interviewer: #2 so much of your time but I'm afraid I could sit here and talk # 079: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 with you all day # 079: I know we could interviewer: did you go to the concert last night? 079: no but my sister did and she said it was just wonderful interviewer: I thought you might be involved 079: #1 uh-huh # interviewer: #2 in that # 079: #1 and for a number of years I helped sell tickets to it # interviewer: #2 you were telling me about it # 079: but I haven't done it in the last few years interviewer: #1 I gather that this organiz- # 079: #2 I'm not very music minded I just did it cause I was civic minded # interviewer: #1 oh # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: I gather that this organization is something like the Atlanta music 079: yes it is something like that baby sponsored these programs for uh I guess fifteen twenty years now interviewer: that's pretty worth while 079: yeah it's good it brings good things to town interviewer: #1 well if there isn't an organization like # 079: #2 that we wouldn't get # interviewer: #1 that # 079: #2 mm-hmm it just doesn't you just don't get it # that's right interviewer: #1 well that's but # 079: #2 well now let's answer a little uh briefly # interviewer: {NW} 079: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # when your clothes get dirty uh what do you call the process you go through to get them clean again 079: well you just mean washing like if I'm gonna wash them myself or send them to the dry cleaners if I'm not gonna do it myself hmm interviewer: alright and after you wash them 079: then I iron them now if I'm just if I have a linen dress that is a little wrinkled but it isn't dirty I press that I had to make a distinction between pressing and ironing I iron something that's just been washed it's gotta be ironed but if the dress is a little wrinkled I press it {NW} interviewer: and what do you call this washing drying and ironing process uh called doing the 079: well you'd uh gu- I guess most people call it doing the laundry uh some people would say doing the washing I don't wash anything that I can help I send the sheets and pillow cases and everything and towels to the laundry and just wash underclothes so I don't do a big washing but a lot of people if they yes now if they do uh use a l- uh washing machine and they have a lot of children I hear 'em say oh I do two and three loads a week something like that so they'd speak of it that way interviewer: what do you call the part of a house that extends in front of it 079: #1 the porch # interviewer: #2 um # right do you make a distinction or do you know of 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 people who do # between the front and the back 079: no not in this area I would say wouldn't you now if you lived in in Charleston you might speak of the garry or something but uh we would m- we'd say front porch and back porch interviewer: #1 the garry would be what? # 079: #2 that'd be the only distinction # uh to my mind the gallery is a long porch like on those houses in Charleston interviewer: mm-hmm 079: something like that interviewer: does it make a difference if a porch has a roof or not 079: yes we would speak of one that didn't have a roof as a terrace wouldn't we or a patio or something of the sort interviewer: and whether it's screened or not screened? 079: #1 no I don't believe I'd make any distinction there # interviewer: #2 or {X} # 079: except to speak of a screened porch interviewer: and how about size does this make a difference in terminology? 079: you mean if it were interviewer: if it were large or long 079: oh size first I thought you said {X} no I don't believe I'd have any difference I'd just say a large porch she has a big porch or a large porch I don't believe I'd have any distinction in terminology interviewer: if your front door were open you might say to someone? 079: #1 close the door # interviewer: #2 can you # 079: close it uh except I might say shut the door but most of the time we'd say close the door I believe interviewer: what do you call the outside boards that are on a house usually wood but they could be aluminum 079: I call it weather boarding we did as we were growing up and now the term siding aluminum siding has come in interviewer: do you think of siding as being only aluminum or could it be wood too 079: I would think of it just as aluminum I believe uh some people might well think of it as wood but if it were if it were wood I'd either call it shingles or uh old fashioned weather boarding interviewer: now let's talk about the word drive 079: alright interviewer: today I will get in the car 079: #1 and drive # interviewer: #2 and # 079: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 079: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 there we go again # 079: {NW} interviewer: yesterday I 079: drove interviewer: and many times {NS} 079: #1 I have # interviewer: #2 I have # 079: driven interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 I put in a good word # to get {D: Adi Terry} Mister John Walrickem's uh stepdaughter interviewer: #1 oh did he # 079: #2 who lives with him # uh to well he wasn't scared but now that would scare him you see interviewer: #1 yes now this is # 079: #2 he'd be afraid he'd say it wrong # bless his heart interviewer: #1 that's right # 079: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: and this is something sometime we 079: I I would omit it with people I thought didn't know {NW} interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: uh what do you call the top part of the house the extreme top part 079: #1 well just are you thinking of the roof # interviewer: #2 on the outside {NS} # 079: mm-hmm interviewer: and what are the {NS} channels by which the water is taken from the roof 079: #1 I call the term gutter # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: call them gutter pipes sometimes interviewer: what are the lowplaces between the gables on a roof called? 079: hmm let me think well I can't even think of a word honey that I want to say I just can't say what would I say interviewer: um 079: {NW} I don't know what word you're trying to make me say interviewer: #1 uh what about when # 079: #2 you you can say something # and I'll say whether it's common usage with me interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: uh it's a word I'm thinking of sometimes you think of hills as versus 079: valleys interviewer: do you ever hear that 079: I wouldn't think of calling it that I don't believe maybe I just never called that anything {NW:laughing} could couldn't think of a word interviewer: #1 I'm afraid I've never called it # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 anything # 079: #2 uh-huh # {NW} interviewer: what do you call an outdoor toilet 079: I'd just call it an outdoor toilet now there are different words for it never could bear the word privy I think that sounds horrible but that is what a lot of people call it used to call it years ago when they had that but if I were gone tell anybody that I went to a very primitive place {X} an outside or outdoor toilet I'd say mm-hmm interviewer: uh did you that noise 079: did you hear interviewer: yes I 079: heard {NW} interviewer: as a matter of fact I have heard 079: heard it many times {NW} interviewer: now if you really wanted to tell me 079: mm-hmm interviewer: that you had not heard this before and you wanted to emphasize the fact that you had not you might say I 079: Have never heard that before or that's the first time I ever heard that or I've never heard of that interviewer: when a person gets married he says to the minister I 079: do or I will I do I believe interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: I don't chew tobacco but he 079: he does or he chews tobacco interviewer: he used to smoke but now he 079: he does not interviewer: have you any more work to do in the field no I it yesterday 079: I did it yesterday interviewer: #1 and # 079: #2 or I finished yesterday # interviewer: then I'd say are you sure and you say yes I have 079: finished I have done it interviewer: alright if someone asks you are you absolutely sure and inside you really weren't all that sure 079: mm-hmm interviewer: you might say to them no I'm not? 079: positive I'm not absolutely certain interviewer: then uh if someone asks you did you talk to him recently you might say yes I talking to him yesterday 079: I was talking to him yesterday interviewer: and if someone if I asked you did I talk to him you might say yes you 079: talked to him yesterday interviewer: #1 or # 079: #2 or you did talk to him # interviewer: #1 or using the {X} # 079: #2 you have talked to him # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 you talking # 079: #2 but if I # interviewer: #1 u-using talking you # 079: #2 you what # interviewer: #1 talking # 079: #2 you were talking # to him yesterday interviewer: have you thought about that today you might say I thinking since I got out of bed about that 079: I have been thinking interviewer: what do y- is another term that you would use for your home referring just to the building you might say my? 079: my house interviewer: and if you had two of them 079: #1 my houses # interviewer: #2 you might say # what is the large building on a farm that's usually used to house animals? 079: generally called a barn now sometimes you speak of a stable that's more just for horses I believe interviewer: uh is there a particular shape that you think of 079: #1 yes you think of # interviewer: #2 when you think of a barn # 079: uh rectangular oblong shape most barns are mm-hmm interviewer: and what do you an area just outside a barn 079: barnyard interviewer: is this fenced is this a fenced area 079: generally in my imagination it would be on a farm there'd be a fence around it an enclosure generally around a barn I believe interviewer: what do you call a building used to store corn 079: crib interviewer: and what is the upper part of the barn called? 079: the loft interviewer: alright can you describe what a loft looks like? 079: it is um generally floored with rough planking and not uh sealed or anything overhead just the rafters showing and the sloped roof of course is sloping interviewer: what about openings? 079: um let me see generally at the front and back there would be uh uh maybe a door that opened the hay could be brought up through or something like that and big barns might have windows along the side interviewer: what do you call the object that's formed when hay is mowed and then dragged together it's formed into 079: #1 hay # interviewer: #2 what # 079: hay stacks sometimes and i-is mow is M-O-W hay mow is that right word for that I think I'd just say it's in see the hay stacks I think I'd say interviewer: does the word change at all according to the size of it i-i-if it were very small ones would you call them something different 079: well now Did we say hay is that what we're talking about? uh depends uh here we've got uh whether these modern machines makes it up in a bale as it goes interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 that'd be smaller {NW} # interviewer: {X} a little more primitive 079: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 079: I can't think of a word for a small a small stack of hay interviewer: do you you don't think of one 079: now what word have you got in mind interviewer: #1 well um # 079: #2 I'll tell you # if I ever heard it interviewer: well not really but have heard ever heard of haycock 079: I've heard that but it's not in my vocabulary I wouldn't use it I haven't seen it enough in print I I uh maybe remember sometime seeing it but it's not common to me at all interviewer: alright what do you call the places if there's more than one where hay is stored in a barn? 079: hayloft yeah I guess that's about the only think I can think of interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: what do you call a shelter for cows 079: other than a barn or interviewer: #1 other than the # 079: #2 stable # interviewer: #1 the barn # 079: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 # 079: #2 # cow pen sometimes where you have a cow enclosed or something um course now you're not thinking of a dairy interviewer: no but now are there separate barns sometimes where cows are kept 079: I suppose so if anybody had even had enough to be a dairy just had several cows but I don't think about anything but just the barn interviewer: is there a special name for a building where cows would be taken to be milked? 079: cattle shed maybe no cow barn is sometimes a term cow is put in front of a barn that's all I can think of honey interviewer: alright uh do you know of an equipment that's used in milking 079: {NW} I'm not much of a farmer interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # #1 yeah it usually hangs # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 079: #1 I used to could milk # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 079: #1 {NW} both my hands # interviewer: #2 {NW} that's beautiful equipment # 079: {NW} and of course today they have milk- milking machines {NW} interviewer: alright 079: hmm interviewer: what is um the animal that's raised on a farm for pork? 079: hog interviewer: and what's the enclosure where they are? 079: uh pigsty of pig pen interviewer: what about a farm and I think perhaps you mentioned this a minute ago that keeps cows for 079: #1 yeah a dairy # interviewer: #2 milking purposes? # and do you know wh-what do you think of when you say dairy? do you think of what I just said? 079: #1 I # interviewer: #2 or um # 079: if you say somebody runs a dairy I think of the big barn and the cows and equipment that they'd have and the cream separators and what not mm-hmm interviewer: now do you make a distinction between the dairy as a dairy farm and the dairy as the people wh-who deliver milk 079: yes today they'd be at the station there are some dairies that are just the business organization the cows the milk and that it's not part of a farm or anything there are some dairies that it's a man who owns a farm and has a large number of cows and sells the milk and in a way you think of it in a little different connection one is a completely just a commercial enterprise for the selling of milk and the other is part of a farm maybe interviewer: but you'd probably refer to them both as dairies? 079: yes I expect so that farmer runs a dairy we'd say mm-hmm interviewer: #1 and just the con- and the context # 079: #2 or has a dairy yeah # interviewer: #1 would really tell you # 079: #2 mm-hmm tell you which you mean # interviewer: alright what do you call the weed that's grown and chopped up to put in to be put inside cigarettes? 079: tobacco interviewer: and what do you call the area where there it is grown? {NS} 079: #1 the the area um # interviewer: #2 the small area where it's grown # 079: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 079: let me see something other than a field tobacco I don't believe that word's comes to me honey interviewer: alright 079: now now tell me what you had in mind interviewer: #1 uh how bout patch # 079: #2 and see # no I'd say a cotton patch but I wouldn't say a tobacco patch interviewer: you would 079: uh now I don't don't people may say it that live where tobacco is raised but I wouldn't uh I'd just say look at that field of tobacco I guess interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 I don't think I'd have anything else # interviewer: #1 is there # 079: #2 to in mind # interviewer: besides cotton that you would use in 079: #1 patch # interviewer: #2 re- referring # 079: yes corn patch we speak of a corn patch and a cotton patch but I don't believe anything else {X} interviewer: does patch mean size really do you determine patch by how big the field 079: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 area is? # 079: yes perhaps if it was a great big field of cotton we wouldn't say a cotton patch uh or a great big field of corn I believe it's it tends to be a smaller area interviewer: do you have any other descriptions for fields 079: #1 one thing I thought of another kind of patch # interviewer: #2 or {X} # 079: briar patch born and bred in the briar patch interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 briar rabbit # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 yeah yeah {NW} # uh any other term for field did you say interviewer: any other terms that you might use for fields to distinguish their size I'm wondering 079: let me think there are things I've read and all some big farms they'd speak of a quarter section or something that they had in in cotton or corn great big farms in the west where they had great big areas of cotton uh and where it's laid off in sections and quarter sections but it's not here in this area so I guess I'd just say a large field mm-hmm interviewer: would you name as many different kinds of fences that you can think of? according to their construct- 079: #1 well # interviewer: #2 the material used # 079: #1 old time rail fence # interviewer: #2 in their construction # 079: and wire fence of course which would include a lot of different kinds of wire fences then the kinds of fences they used to have around everybody's yard called a picket fence that was in town that wasn't in the country and then just a plain old board fence that's planks but not a not a what's that first one I said not a rai- not a rail fence interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} {X} like this way or that way # interviewer: #1 right # 079: #2 {NW} # I guess that's about uh interviewer: what would you call a fence around an area where you grew vegetables 079: well now let me see oh you thinking bout a garden fence mm-mm interviewer: and what do you call the uprighting for between which you string the wire 079: the posts interviewer: #1 and- # 079: #2 fence posts # would be my way of interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 saying it # mm-hmm interviewer: uh is there are there synonyms for rail fences that you think of? 079: uh now there's something else we call it beside a rail fence seems to me look at that old {NW} can't think of anything but rail interviewer: #1 alright um # 079: #2 but see # there is another word do you another word in mind? interviewer: no 079: #1 uh-huh # interviewer: #2 not particularly # is are there different ty- constructions of rail fences? 079: #1 well not not in my mind # interviewer: #2 the way they are built # 079: the rail fence is the logs you know interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 079: #2 laying # this way and that way and this way and that way with no nails having to hold 'em mm-hmm interviewer: but there's no other way that they could be put together that you think of 079: not that I would think of as I speak of a rail fence that's what I mean the one's just laid up that way interviewer: alright now now I think maybe we're getting in something that is easier for you 079: #1 I know a little more about # interviewer: #2 kitchen type terms # 079: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # men generally know more about farming 079: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 a little bit more about but # men can certainly be bewildered about kitchen 079: #1 yes I expect so # interviewer: #2 terms # 079: #1 hmm # interviewer: #2 uh if you were # trying to distinguish for someone the two types of dishes that you had 079: mm-hmm interviewer: you would have company dishes of course 079: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 and your # 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 everyday dishes # in referring to your company dishes you might say my? 079: good china interviewer: and what do you call the round usually white object that you would but in a hen's nest to urge her to 079: #1 um # interviewer: #2 get with it and lay? # 079: call 'em nest eggs china eggs we used to have 'em I think we spo- ko- spoke both of 'em as china eggs interviewer: alright what do you call 079: I'd forgotten about them I hadn't thought of that in years and years interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # It was supposed to encourage them to lay by it interviewer: #1 well it's supposed to make 'em think # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {X} {NW} # interviewer: #1 power of positive thinking # 079: #2 that's right that's right # interviewer: I wonder if they still use those at all? 079: I expect so interviewer: #1 some people {X} # 079: #2 I expect so people that raise # these layers you know hens for eggs I expect they do hmm interviewer: did they use the same thing for darning or was that a different sort 079: a darning egg that was a smooth sort of a thing it wasn't um well now Mama had a little gourd that was so smooth that she used for a darning egg as we called it but you bought them uh but they weren't like an egg that you put in the nest the white china egg they were generally mm-mm sometimes they were on a little handle and you held the little handle interviewer: #1 oh I see # 079: #2 {NW} the # stocking down over it and held it in your hand that way people don't darn stocking anymore interviewer: #1 no they don't # 079: #2 do we # interviewer: I think my mother was the last of the 079: #1 yeah Mama could # interviewer: #2 darners # 079: darn so pretty interviewer: #1 mother taught me how # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 but I don't believe I could do that # 079: #2 yeah {NW} # interviewer: what do you call the utensil that you would use to bring water in from a well? 079: bucket now some people call that a not a {X} that's for a sack isn't it I think I can use another term for bucket that some people in the country use course you can say pail in some areas interviewer: does this make a difference are they synonyms or 079: #1 well I d- # interviewer: #2 you make a distinction? # 079: would never use the word pail uh I would use bucket and bucket would be any fair size container to bring water in carry water in mm-hmm interviewer: and where would you put in what sort of container would you put the food scraps that you had left from a meal 079: I would call that my garbage can interviewer: what do you call the utensil that's put on a stove uh and you usually melt grease in it and put something 079: #1 skillet # interviewer: #2 in it # alright and and it's another name 079: #1 frying pan # interviewer: #2 for it # alright what do you call a heavy iron pot that's used or had been used on a stove to boil water? 079: well we used to speak of it now the people up North call it a kettle but we called it in the South we call it a pot cause my mother spoke of a kettle she didn't call it a pot she called it an iron kettle interviewer: #1 and # 079: #2 the big # black ones that we used to boil beans in when we were children to Mama that was an iron kettle but to our neighbors it was a pot interviewer: now is this different from the sma- things that we call tea kettles? 079: #1 yeah yeah yes # interviewer: #2 now a days # 079: #1 you probably never saw a kettle honey # interviewer: #2 how how # 079: #1 like I'm talking about # interviewer: #2 I probably never have # 079: well they were they were about this big around and about this tall and they were black just like a black skillet now you've seen a black interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 079: #2 skillet # iron skillet well that's what they were they were iron pots and Mama cooked all her vegetables in those iron kettles she called it we called an iron pot interviewer: did they cook so much I have 079: #1 oh they cooked 'em for hours honey # interviewer: #2 {X} it was # um my mother's old iron skillets 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 cook # better than 079: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 any # 079: #1 and and I can tell you right now # interviewer: #2 the kettles cook that way # 079: string beans cooking in those little iron pots were good cooks 'em about three hours they ought to be interviewer: #1 I imagine so # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: what did you season them with? 079: salt pork uh well now there's a the term that varies in different areas uh Mama called it bulk meat B-U-L-K bulk meat that was in Ohio uh people in this area who we knew when we were growing up called it fat back or side meat or boiling meat they called it boiling meat a lot of times now I never called it boiling meat but a lot of people would interviewer: #1 are they all the same? # 079: #2 see my my # uh-huh my language is a mixture of things that Mama said coming from Ohio and things that Papa said and that she picked up here you see of course we lived here always we were born here but still we had a friend I think I told you several years ago who would uh laugh at some of the things we said because it was strange to him because there were some of Mama's expressions that we didn't even realize we were using differently from anybody else interviewer: #1 uh where was your father from # 079: #2 `so um # he was born here in Rome interviewer: #1 was he # 079: #2 he was second generation Rome uh-huh # and uh his people came from Carolina and uh interviewer: #1 how did he where did he and your mother meet # 079: #2 so we're settled all through all that # interviewer: #1 did she come here he went there # 079: #2 uh Pap- Mama had come # Mama lived up in Ohio and she had come south to trim she wanted to come south one reason thought maybe the climate would be good for her brother who was sick {D: but he didn't} did come but she came south and she was a milliner she had been trained at the wholesale uh house in Cincinnati she lived in Columbus Ohio and it was a regular trade that young women learned then because every store every millinery store you know you remember a store that didn't sell anything but hats b-but townside Rome had four or five good millinery stores didn't sell 'em in department stores sold 'em in millinery stores and every spring and fall they got a trimmer to come in and trim up a whole lot of hats somebody who really knew the skill and trade and Mama knew it because knew it because she'd been trained in it and so she came south to trim and she boarded down here at the hotel which stood where the Forrest is now you know the hotel and Papa was boarding there because his mother had died and the family had broken up and so he was boarding there that's where they met just within a interviewer: #1 oh # 079: #2 stones throw right out our back door here # interviewer: #1 ha # 079: #2 is where they met # and uh so we ha- do have I say a lot of {X} would notice some things about our language that somebody that who both of who's parents have always lived here wouldn't interviewer: #1 that's right # 079: #2 think about you see # see I I know that bulk meat if I went in the store and asked for bulk meat they might not know what I meant interviewer: oh I don't 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 think so # 079: and to me bulk meat is bulk meat it's salt pork it's fat back it's boiling meat {NW} see now number of different ways of calling it interviewer: what do you call a glass container that you would put flowers in? 079: vase interviewer: and when you sit down at the dinner table you will have three utensils to eat with 079: uh-huh interviewer: #1 would you like to # 079: #2 knife fork and spoon # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: and if you had two of the sharp utensil they would be? 079: you mean two knives or are you thinking about two forks uh-huh two knives interviewer: after you work in a barn it's necessary that you do something to your hands before you eat 079: that you wash your hands interviewer: uh what uh can you summarize for me the activities that would follow having a large dinner uh the cleaning up process 079: yes I would say we'd clear the table first and then we would uh scrape the dishes and um put the scraps in our pail our garbage pail covered container and then we put them in the dishwasher {NW} today years ago we would have got the dishpan full of hot soapy water and then washed them and rinsed them and then we spoke of drying them putting them away and um any other terms that interviewer: no that that's just 079: #1 covered # interviewer: #2 just fine # if you wanted to say that she um I washed the 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 dishes # and she 079: #1 dried them # interviewer: #2 not drys but the # 079: #1 wiped them # interviewer: #2 next one # uh no usually the same person does this 079: #1 rinse # interviewer: #2 but # 079: #1 would rinse them # interviewer: #2 yes she would she # 079: she rinsed them interviewer: uh present tense 079: she will rinse rinse them I rinse dishes after I wash them interviewer: alright uh would you give me some terms for the equipment that you would use to clean dishes uh pieces of cloth 079: #1 I would speak of the dish cloth # interviewer: #2 or a scraper # 079: or a sponge that I might have sponge and the tea towel or dish towel to dry them dish pan to wash 'em in if I don't have a dishwasher #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # any um hard objects that you might use? 079: I can't what you're thinking about interviewer: to help get the 079: #1 oh like like a scraper of some kind # interviewer: #2 if you're doing it by hand # yes 079: #1 yes yes yes mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 if you were doing it by hand # 079: #1 might have a # interviewer: #2 would you # wh- when you were growing up did you have anything of this sort of of scraping to help get them 079: #1 I don't # interviewer: #2 clean # 079: remember that now today we have to scrape a pan or anything we have a little soap pad interviewer: #1 yes # 079: #2 you know # things of that sort interviewer: I wonder if we had anything 079: #1 we didn't grow up with those # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: good ol' octagon soap was our standby interviewer: #1 yes # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: my mother washed clothes with octagon soap 079: #1 octagon soap {X} # interviewer: #2 for years # 079: #1 and I had an aunt # interviewer: #2 we'd cut it up in little pieces # 079: who used it for her face and she had the most beautiful complexion there was interviewer: really 079: she loved that strong octagon soap for her face interviewer: #1 for her skin {X} # 079: #2 oh soft as it could be # interviewer: oh 079: isn't that funny all of which goes to show all these commercials don't mean a thing interviewer: #1 that's right absolutely right` # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: would you name as many different kinds of towels that you can think of? 079: well I would have bath towel a hand towel a tea towel a guest towel did I say a dish towel interviewer: I think so 079: mm-hmm uh that's all I can think of interviewer: alright what would you call the handles that you would turn to make water come out 079: faucet interviewer: and the part the water came out of 079: if I were gonna mention it I'd call it a spigot interviewer: alright we're talking about the word burst today the water pipe 079: today the water pipe burst interviewer: yesterday a different one 079: burst interviewer: and several of them this winter have 079: had burst interviewer: what is the wooden container that's used for example to store flour in large {D:lots} 079: bin maybe interviewer: uh well I'm thinking 079: #1 or uh uh # interviewer: #2 maybe of a round # container 079: what's it called hmm interviewer: I I don't think you'd have them in your home but I think probably they would store them would have stored flour this way in a general store 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 um it's wooden with # 079: #1 uh now was it were they in barrels # interviewer: #2 iron rings around it # 079: flour barrel yes you spoke of the flour barrel didn't you yes you should see a barrel seen a barrel it's been years since I've seen a bucket except our mop bucket interviewer: {NW} 079: but a regular bucket like you used to see so much is perfectly cylindrical um so many things came in it in buckets when we were children but you don't use buckets today uh the nearest to it is the container for crisco or something and it's not a bucket anymore interviewer: #1 no # 079: #2 used to have a handle on it you know # interviewer: #1 that's right # 079: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: #1 I hadn't thought about that # 079: #2 yeah # interviewer: #1 {X} the plastic # 079: #2 lot of things change # that we don't got that good plastic top and all you know interviewer: that hasn't that's been around for a 079: #1 yup # interviewer: #2 while # 079: #1 yes # interviewer: #2 that hasn't changed just # 079: #1 no not not that's right lately # interviewer: #2 recently very recently # #1 mm-mm # 079: #2 the # interviewer: the buckets you were saying uh the ki- I have a galvanized 079: #1 yeah yeah # interviewer: #2 bucket # 079: #1 {X} mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 but it's the {X} up # 079: mm-hmm interviewer: #1 now there were buckets {X} # 079: #2 but lot of things used to be in buckets # about this big around and about that tall and they were brass looking gold looking or brass looking on the inside and I don't know what came in 'em or why we always happened to have a bucket around but we did now those buckets have just practically gone out interviewer: that's right 079: just like barrels have modern child's hardly ever seen a wooden barrel w- wouldn't know what barrel staves were or anything interviewer: oh that's right 079: mm-hmm interviewer: what would you call a small barrel for example that you might keep nails in? 079: keg interviewer: and what would you call I believe they're metal containers that a general store would have kept molasses or lard in 079: now let's think honey a syrup molasses {D: that would be} interviewer: #1 I think of it # 079: #2 can # interviewer: in terms of lard my mother 079: #1 uh-huh # interviewer: #2 had some # and she called 'em lard 079: #1 lard # interviewer: #2 somethings # 079: I can't think now different kinds of lard used to come in buckets uh {D:coquelin} and stuff like that interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 this is before you were born # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 uh # I don't know what you've got in mind interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 I don't believe # interviewer: have you heard of lard stands? 079: What now? interviewer: lard stands 079: stand no now the word stand doesn't mean a thing to me in that connection now I can use it in a connection, you probably don't know, this may be northern uh do you ever call a little table a stand well now Mama'd say bring that little stand out of the room interviewer: I think somebody in my family does that 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 but I can't think who # 079: might have might have been handed down to them somewhere interviewer: well mother got some metal containers with lids that pushed down very hard 079: mm-hmm interviewer: on them they were sealed almost sealed 079: uh-huh interviewer: they were about so high 079: {D: stand} interviewer: and about so big around 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 that you called # them lard stands 079: S-T-A-N-D interviewer: mm-hmm 079: no that's not in my vocabulary or experience at all that wouldn't mean a thing to me interviewer: if you had some liquid that you wanted to transfer from one bottle to another and one of the bottles had a very narrow neck you might put something in it 079: a little funnel interviewer: and what is the leather implement that you use you might crack it to make a horse go faster? 079: a whip interviewer: and what would you say if you wanted to use this word in referring to giving a child a spanking? 079: I'd say give him a whipping {NW} interviewer: do you do you really use this very much as a verb um 079: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 for a child? # 079: I think it's used you hear parents someone say if you do that I'll whip you and sometimes I say to my boys and they say I think I'm gone do something what you do to me if I do it I say I'll just whip you that's just for fun you know interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 but uh yes it's it's common enough usage # interviewer: alright what is the material that a bag or a sack that's not cloth is made of 079: uh leather interviewer: #1 uh # 079: #2 perhaps you're thinking of a pocket book # interviewer: #1 no I'm thinking of it like # 079: #2 sack or a bag like that # interviewer: #1 a grocery sack # 079: #2 uh grocery # well if it's not paper interviewer: that's it 079: well we have a good many of cellophane today you thinking of that interviewer: no paper was just fine 079: {D: well} interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 didn't remember whether you said paper or not # interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 now # one thing about that whipping and spanking Mama never would say that she whipped us she spanked us when we were little but she didn't whip us she didn't like that term interviewer: #1 I was wondering about that distinction # 079: #2 uh-huh uh-huh # interviewer: #1 if people made that distinction # 079: #2 yeah there is a distinction there I think # interviewer: #1 # 079: #2 # interviewer: uh what is the term if you can think of one for a very heavy cloth sack 079: burlap sack or a toe sack or um can't think of anything else interviewer: alright what do you call is there a term that's used for the amount of say corn that you would mill at one time or that you would take to the mill at one time? 079: I don't think of anything but a load of corn take a load of corn to the mill a load of cotton interviewer: have you ever heard of a turn of corn 079: no I never heard that term interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 maybe # cotton on the farm around here maybe but I haven't heard it interviewer: alright uh is there a term that you think of to refer to a partial load of say wood of coal the point being that it's a partial load rather than a full 079: #1 no # interviewer: #2 load # 079: I don't think of any one word what what do you have in mind well if you have anything in mind I'd like to know cause I can tell you whether I ever heard it or used it though I might not bring it to mind cause you're asking me interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 mm-hmm # interviewer: what would you call the amount of wood that you could carry at one time uh by hand 079: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 you might say I have a # 079: well we always said a load of wood bring in a load of wood we'd say now somebody else may have some other terminology for that but that's all we would have used and when we were children you brought in a load of wood very often cause you had to fill up the wood box cause we cooked with it you see interviewer: did you use the word load rather than say armload or 079: yes we'd just say a load how many loads of wood did you bring in we'd say interviewer: {NW} you kept track of 079: #1 mm-hmm oh yes we # interviewer: #2 each other # 079: worked hard to get th- wood all in before Papa came home so he'd be proud of us interviewer: {NW} 079: {NW} interviewer: what do you call the implement that is usually now made of plastic but could be made of wicker that you would for example put clothes in when you 079: #1 hamper # interviewer: #2 brought them in off the line? # 079: a hamper a hamper or a clothes basket interviewer: what were the metal or bone round objects that were put usually in petticoats in plantation days 079: #1 hoops # interviewer: #2 so the girls # 079: hoops yeah interviewer: and can you tell me some terms for bottle stoppers? 079: cork and can't think of I don't know if I know of any other one that I'd use a screwtop or something on some of these bottles that have a screw top interviewer: alright what is the musical instrument that is played by breathing in and out and moving the instrument across your mouth? 079: Now is that a flute? uh interviewer: more of a country Johnny Cash plays 079: #1 uh # interviewer: #2 one {NW} # instea- with his guitar 079: I can't think of what you want me to say interviewer: it has it's a flat 079: not a mouth organ not a a harmonica interviewer: that's 079: the harmonica interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 that's more of what you had in mind mm-mm # interviewer: do you think of any other words that are used for it? 079: uh seem like there's something else now a jew's-harp is a different thing it's a twangy little thing that you play now people call a harmonica a jew's-harp but its not interviewer: I think that's what 079: #1 uh-huh # interviewer: #2 what we were thinking # 079: #1 I don't think of anything other # interviewer: #2 some people might use # 079: seem like there's interviewer: have you ever heard of um it being called a french harp 079: french harp yes I have heard it called that but that I don't expect I'd call it that but I know what you mean mm-hmm interviewer: do you is that um would you say southern Rome Georgia type usage or would you have heard it from somewhere else? 079: a french harp I don't believe that's in too common usage if I went in the store and wanted one I think I'd say a harmonica #1 mm-hmm mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 okay # 079: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # what is the instrument that you use to drive nails? 079: hammer interviewer: and can you name me as many parts of a wagon as you can think of? 079: well let me see there's the uh the bed you speak of it the part the th- that holds the stuff the springs the wheels the tongue that goes out that you hitch the mules to the seat um the now there's something else I'm trying to think of piece there down underneath been some time since I've seen any wagons {NW} interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 that's about all I can think of right off # interviewer: what do you call in a buggy the two pieces that stick out front that you 079: #1 the uh # interviewer: #2 put the horse between? # 079: put the horse between the my gosh have I forgotten that as many the times as I've hitched up I can't think interviewer: shafts 079: what what shafts of course interviewer: {NW} 079: could've thought of it if I wouldn't have had to interviewer: what is uh have you ever heard of a wippletree 079: whistle tr- interviewer: #1 wippletree # 079: #2 wipple # wippletree that's what I was trying to think of or is it whiffle interviewer: #1 I I # 079: #2 wipple I believe wippletree # back there is something in the buggy but maybe the thing the shafts it fastens on to I believe that gives I'm not interviewer: I don't 079: kinda forgetting about my horse and buggy I drove back around nineteen eighteen but that had been some time interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # we had an old white horse {X} interviewer: uh what do you call the outside part of a wheel on a wagon? 079: #1 the rim # interviewer: #2 the the # 079: I guess you just call it the rim mm-hmm interviewer: uh is do you remember the wooden part that was inside of the rim? 079: that's inside the rim now let's think a minute I don't can't think of a term for that I may have known it as a child the spokes of the wheel and the axle but I don't think of what you interviewer: have you ever heard of a folley? 079: folley? interviewer: mm-hmm 079: no interviewer: #1 connection with a wheel # 079: #2 is that a term? # no that was never used around me as as a child and we as I say always had either a buggy or a carriage now we ne- had a wagon we lived one time in the country for about a year and a half interviewer: alright do can you think of some terms that are used for the process of hauling wood or hauling anything? 079: like a dray interviewer: well maybe 079: #1 haul it in with a dray # interviewer: #2 the process of hauling # some synonyms maybe for hauling 079: well let me see now uh in town moving things transfer company or something like that but I can't think of what you trying to get at honey interviewer: alright 079: to haul any to haul some lumber one place or another I just say haul now any time that you wanna suggest a word interviewer: #1 I I will {NW} # 079: #2 I'll tell you if it's common usage or not # even if I can't think of it still it might be something that as a child I heard a lot you know interviewer: alright uh now we're gonna talk about another word 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 drag # 079: drag I'd will drag it now and I dragged it yesterday and I had dragged it many times interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 now some people say drug or something # but that's not a interviewer: #1 and today I # 079: #2 uh uh # interviewer: am going to 079: still talking about drag so we'll drag it interviewer: #1 right {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: I'll just give you the word and you can give me the principle parts 079: {NW} yeah interviewer: what is the instrument that's used on a farm to turn soil? 079: plow interviewer: and do you know any different kinds of plows? 079: well of course there are some little hand plows a little hand instrument that people have that they can push and uh of course plow that you drive a hitch a mule or a horse to and of course got a mechanical plow but I don't think of another name maybe I should but interviewer: alright um what is the implement that's used to break up clods? 079: well now let me think a hoe we'd use that some interviewer: #1 one that a horse might pull # 079: #2 a pick # that a horse uh uh wait a harrow interviewer: alright do you think of a term that could be used in the process of sawing wood for what you would put say um if you had um a tree with the branches taken off 079: mm interviewer: a long 079: #1 big log uh-huh # interviewer: #2 log # alright if you wanted to saw this into sections you might put in on something 079: well you thinking about saw horses uh which uh well you know what they are right? interviewer: #1 oh # 079: #2 wooden {NW} # interviewer: #1 yes uh-huh # 079: #2 wooden things that you put something across on # um now I don't think of not something you'd put it on interviewer: #1 mm-mm can you think of # 079: #2 you ready to saw # interviewer: anything on a farm in particularly that might be used? 079: well I don't if I can't think of what you've got in mind interviewer: do you think of any kind of frame anything but the word frame 079: #1 no # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 079: nothing there that's familiar to me interviewer: does either A frame or X frame mean 079: #1 no # interviewer: #2 anything # 079: that doesn't mean anything to me interviewer: alright in the morning when you get up uh you may comb your hair but then you have another 079: #1 brush # interviewer: #2 instrument # alright if you say that you are going to go through this process you might say I'm going to 079: I'm going to comb my hair or brush my hair I'm gone fix my hair I used to you put up your hair interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 I'm glad we don't do that anymore # 079: #2 yeah # interviewer: I imagine some of the girls now though 079: #1 yeah they've got {X} # interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: #1 # interviewer: #2 # when you are using a rifle and you have shot the rifle 079: mm-hmm interviewer: then you eject something 079: #1 the cartridge # interviewer: #2 the leftover # 079: #1 mm-hmm # interviewer: #2 alright # 079: what I know about rifles is purely reading too I barely interviewer: #1 I # 079: #2 I don't know # whether I've ever handled a firearm in my life interviewer: my father wanted me to learn 079: #1 well I think it's smart for people too # interviewer: #2 he bought me a rifle # 079: but we never kept I think at one time Papa had some kind of pistol or something but Mama made him get rid of it she said more people been killed by having one around than had been saved by having one around interviewer: #1 I agree # 079: #2 and I expect it's true # little boy was killed right here in Rome yesterday interviewer: really 079: he and his brother little brother were playing with a gun interviewer: oh no 079: #1 well it shouldn't have happened # interviewer: #2 how old were they # 079: ten or twelve maybe eight or ten I'm not sure just how old the little boy was interviewer: #1 pistol or # 079: #2 bout ten # what now interviewer: pistol or 079: I don't know what it was it was they spoke of a gun the children were playing with a gun now gun's a wide widely used term interviewer: #1 you should never have a gun around like that # 079: #2 mm-mm # interviewer: #1 particularly loaded or where they can load it # 079: #2 oh no # interviewer: #1 # 079: #2 # interviewer: what is the construction that children make sometimes by perhaps using a sawhorse and a board and putting the board across 079: playhouse interviewer: uh no you put the board across the sawhorse and one gets on one end 079: oh a seesaw I thought you were building something interviewer: {NW} 079: #1 {NW} # interviewer: #2 well I did say construction # uh when the children are on the seesaw you say they are? 079: seesawing interviewer: can you think of any homemade play things that you had when you were a child 079: Papa made us a seesaw and he made us a flying Ginny interviewer: #1 what do you call a flying how'd you make # 079: #2 {NW} # interviewer: #1 a flying Ginny # 079: #2 well it was # not one you'd see at the fair or anything but he put a post in the ground and then he had a fi- a nice plank smooth plank and he had a hole and a big bolt and everything and each end of that he had a little uh seat fixed sort of a handle across that you could hold a place we could sit and it would turn he had it so that it'd turn around easily and you'd somebody get in there and push you and oh you'd just go around it was more fun interviewer: {NW} 079: Papa made anything he made us a playhouse one time uh he had wood shed and he decided he'd uh build another woodshed and give us that one as a playhouse so he papered the walls and he made us furniture, our grandfather helped him he interviewer: #1 he was handy # 079: #2 he was a cabinet # oh yeah grandfather was a cabinet maker by trade interviewer: #1 really # 079: #2 cabinet maker # that was my Mama's father he had a buggy company in {X} Ohio {NW} when she was a little girl and made buggies and uh so he was a fine cabinet maker he could make all kinds of things I've got anything around that he made but uh he'd make tables like that interviewer: #1 oh # 079: #2 and uh things # he was just very skilled like that and they made us doll furniture and everything oh we had a good time interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 mm-mm # interviewer: that's wonderful how many children were there? 079: three of us three sisters interviewer: #1 three sisters # 079: #2 uh-huh and # just uh well I my Louise is the oldest she's a year and a half older than me and I'm two years older than Ruth so see we were close together interviewer: oh yes 079: and we did everything together interviewer: and being 079: #1 and still do # interviewer: #2 girls # 079: #1 yeah do everything yeah # interviewer: #2 well yeah I guess so # 079: #1 {NW} uh-huh it made it nice # interviewer: #2 being girls that really worked out # 079: cause we certainly did enjoy playing together interviewer: #1 oh that's really # 079: #2 mm-hmm # and children played more in those days than they do today cause they didn't have TV and they didn't have as many other things outside things to amuse them and you played you made up things that you played yourself you played dolls and you played cowboys and you played Indians and you played this and you played that interviewer: you think we were more creative 079: #1 yes I think there was # interviewer: #2 then in what they do # 079: Believe there was mm-hmm interviewer: did you have very many bought toys? 079: well we always did had nice things we got at Christmas and all but now Mama and Papa couldn't afford three dollar carriages so we had one three dollar carriage and we all played with it interviewer: #1 did you have any trouble # 079: #2 and uh # interviewer: Did you share that? 079: yeah, we were right good I guess we {X} 079: and too they ought to have to look forward to something and uh Interviewer: #1 that's right # 079: #2 what # Christmas used to be that was the time you got things and you didn't expect to get things every time you went downtown or something Interviewer: did you get things for your birthday too? 079: yes we always got things for our birthday Papa always gave us a book on our birthday Interviewer: did he? 079: mm-hmm Interviewer: how nice 079: {NW} Interviewer: what do you call the small container that's used to hold coal near a stove? 079: scuttle haven't seen one in forty years {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 not that long but a long time {NW} # Interviewer: and what is the part of the stove that extends upward and into the wall and then 079: the stove pipe you thinking Interviewer: #1 I think your phone's ringing # 079: #2 it is I guess I could have # sorry honey Interviewer: I'm sorry it's my fault 079: well now how maybe you got some languages you wouldn't have gotten otherwise {NS} uh people up north uh in Ohio {X} they go in the machine they call their car the machine now that's quite common especially it was ten twelve fifteen years ago and probably still is today I visited up there more few years ago then I do now but uh {X} they didn't say car they said machine well let's go in the machine now it seems like car is so much simpler but that was the difference in language in a different area Interviewer: would you ever in conversation use the word automobile? 079: hardly use it at all today do we we just say car all the time he has a new car that certainly is a pretty car what kind of car did he have um we might speak of automobile industry now that's about the only place Interviewer: #1 I see # 079: #2 that we # but I'd say an automobile dealer but most likely we'd say a car dealer Interviewer: #1 yeah that's right # 079: #2 mm-hmm # a used car dealer mm-hmm Interviewer: um alright for the benefit of this can we back up 079: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 would you tell me the # portable 079: #1 oh yes # Interviewer: #2 stuff that you use to # 079: the portable thing would be a whetstone and a grindstone is a more elaborate uh instrument for sharpening things and what else did we say Interviewer: um we were talking about how they were mo- how they were propelled 079: oh and sometimes they had a little treadle thing on it that you could uh do with your foot and keep both hands free to work but sometimes it turned you turned it with one wheel with one hand and held which thing you gone sharpen with the other hand Interviewer: alright uh every so often your car needs some maintenance uh it needs its oil changed and i- it needs um a lubrication but a slang term for this would be 079: #1 needs a a grease job mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 some kind of job # and if you give a car a grease job your hands get awfully 079: greasy oily hmm Interviewer: what did you use to what did you burn in lights before there was electricity 079: kerosene {X} wait kerosene's a southern term coal oil now there's another coal oil Mama called it you ever hear anything called coal oil? Interviewer: my mother calls it coal oil 079: does she? Interviewer: is it the same as kerosene? 079: yeah but now kerosene's a southern isn't it? Interviewer: um I don't really know yes I believe I believe coal oil is what Mama called it and kerosene was what it was called here the other way around now whichever your Mama 079: #1 i- if your people # Interviewer: #2 well my Mama's from Tennessee # 079: #1 well well that's close enough to Georgia than people think # Interviewer: #2 that doesn't mean anything # 079: #1 {NW] # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # what is a word that's used for putting a boat in the water? #1 somehow you use it when you're trying to # 079: #2 a big boat be to launch a boat # Interviewer: alright would you name {NS} some different kinds of boats that you think of 079: well uh we used to speak of a bateau is that my phone again {NW} Interviewer: if you were carrying garden supplies around and you didn't have a garden cart you might put them in a 079: wheelbarrow Interviewer: if someone asked you if you were going downtown you might say yes I 079: am going Interviewer: and if you wanted to say that you and your 079: #1 I went yesterday # Interviewer: #2 sister were # 079: #1 oh pardon me # Interviewer: #2 no {NW} # 079: #1 jumping the gun jumping the gun uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 you're jumping the gun on me on this one # if you wanted to say that you and your sister were going you might say we 079: we went Interviewer: uh present 079: we are going Interviewer: alright if you were {NS} a little bit concerned say you you come from a big family and your mother was cooking dinner maybe frying chicken uh and there were not you didn't think there were quite enough pieces to go around you might ask your mother if you were going to get some if there was going to be enough for you and you might say Mama um 079: mm let me think will there be any for me? will there be any left will there be enough to go around Interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 {NW] # Interviewer: #1 uh if you were # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: handing your child his clothes in the morning uh and you wanted just to say something as you handed to you might say here your clothes here's something your clothes 079: I don't know whether I know just what you've got in mind or not Interviewer: using the word to be the verb to be you might 079: #1 here are your clothes # Interviewer: #2 say # alright uh then if you wanted to say if if someone said to you 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 for example # Jimmy Carter's going to make a really great governor and you didn't really agree you might say well I don't think so but they're blank many people who 079: there are many people who think he will Interviewer: how were you satisfied with the election? 079: #1 well I voted # Interviewer: #2 by the way # 079: for the other one what's his name {NW} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 uh # Interviewer: #1 Hal Suit # 079: #2 Suit # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 couldn't think of Suit # uh but only did he sort of appeal to me more than Jimmy Carter but I {X} Jimmy Carter get elected Interviewer: #1 yes # 079: #2 cause # we haven't got enough Republicans yet to elect a governor but I'm not Republican I'm a Democrat but I vote for the Republican ticket sometimes Interviewer: #1 well you really # 079: #2 if I like the candidate better # Interviewer: #1 well you you're # 079: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 sound like everybody else really # 079: #2 yeah yeah # Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 079: #2 you're independent # Interviewer: #1 I don't think people are # 079: #2 more than # quite as my party right or wrong my party as they used to be Interviewer: well one thing the parties are getting closer together 079: yeah Interviewer: #1 and a lot of things # 079: #2 can't tell much difference in 'em # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: if you were trying to pet a dog and the owner came rushing out and said don't hurt him don't hurt him and you wanted to reassure you might say I'm hurt him I 079: I won't hurt him Interviewer: #1 or # 079: #2 I # haven't Interviewer: #1 I # 079: #2 hurt him # Interviewer: something going to hurt him 079: I'm not going to hurt him Interviewer: alright and if you wanted to if someone were arguing with you and you wanted to get them to admit that you were right you might say putting it in the form of a question I'm right 079: aren't I not but I wouldn't say that that's a little too uh formal I expect I'd just say don't you think I'm right or I am right uh Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # I told you so Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: alright um if someone did something that you had intended to do and they apologized to you for doing it you might wanting to reassure them and make them feel better you might wanna say we something going to do it anyway 079: we were going to do it anyway Interviewer: alright and if someone asked you did you break that window and you wanted to deny {NS} you might say no it's 079: I did not Interviewer: #1 or # 079: #2 it was broken # when I got here Interviewer: or you might say no it something me {NS} 079: it wasn't Interviewer: #1 no uh # 079: #2 I can't think of what you want me to say honey # Interviewer: did you break that window {NS} no it blank me {NS} 079: it wasn't I yeah Interviewer: what do you think of uh when someone leaves a little package of a product for you to try out in you mail box you call it a 079: #1 sample # Interviewer: #2 free # are there synonyms for this according to what it might be 079: let's see a free sample a free Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 {X} package # Interviewer: suppose you brought home a piece of cloth or drapery material from the store 079: I'd call that a sample Interviewer: #1 you would # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: alright if you saw a girl who was very attractive you might say gee that's a 079: #1 pretty girl # Interviewer: #2 something # and if you wanted to say that she was um more more beautiful than another girl you would say she 079: I'd say she's prettier Interviewer: and the most of all 079: prettiest of all Interviewer: what is the cloth article of apparel that you would put around your waist when you go into the kitchen to cook 079: apron Interviewer: uh and discussing men's clothing well I guess women use this too um when you go outside on a cold day you would put on your 079: coat Interviewer: and then men's clothing when men take off their coats uh frequently they will have on another article of apparel over their shirts 079: a vest Interviewer: uh what is the second the third part of a three piece suit the coat the vest and the bottom part 079: generally we say pants if we want to be a little formal we say trousers Interviewer: do you make a distinction between pants and jeans 079: yes because if you t- use the term jeans that just means like we think of blue jeans uh coarse or more common not as good material as a pair of pants they might be a in a good suit or something Interviewer: uh do you make a distinction also about the fabric that they are made of 079: well now you mean do jeans mean do- does Interviewer: do you think of a particular fabric 079: when I think of jeans I think of {X} coarse cotton material as overalls have always been made of Interviewer: alright now we're talking about the word bring 079: bring uh-huh Interviewer: alright today they will 079: bring it Interviewer: #1 yesterday # 079: #2 they brought it # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: and I would a think they would have 079: would have brought it before now Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: you might say I tried on that coat yesterday and it something be just fine 079: it I'd say fitted wouldn't I yes if it were fitted to my figure or just that it fit me it fit me just right Interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 I believe mm-hmm # Interviewer: if you were a man and your wife suddenly decided that the clothes you were wearing to church this two piece garment that we've talked 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 about # getting pretty threadbare you might say John you need to get a 079: new suit Interviewer: and if your pockets were filled with walnuts and someone looked at you from the outside they might say gee your pockets sure do 079: bulge bulge bulge {NW} Interviewer: we're talking about the word shrink 079: mm-hmm Interviewer: I hope that cheap shirt won't 079: shrink Interviewer: I washed one yesterday 079: and it shrank Interviewer: and all the plain shirts I 079: #1 had # Interviewer: #2 all the # cheap shirts I've ever 079: #1 have always shrunk # Interviewer: #2 washed # 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 if a women likes # to put on good clothes uh even maybe when it's not necessary you might say that women sure likes to 079: dress up Interviewer: uh do you use and synonyms for this are there other terms that you'd use 079: I don't think {X} just what we meant if we say she sure is dressed up Interviewer: do th- you ever use doll up? 079: yes but uh little bit more slangy I wouldn't you might say oh you're just all dolled up or something like that but you wouldn't say it too often I don't believe Interviewer: what about using the words primp or 079: #1 primp # Interviewer: #2 prissy # 079: primp is not used much today is it uh I don't know whether teenagers ever use the word primp have they or not now you're younger than I am um Interviewer: I don't hear it very much 079: mm-hmm we heard it a lot when we were growing up it seems to me that somebody was always primping or something you know but uh if I used my {X} use the term makeup you know and fix your face and things like that rather than primp #1 wait a minute till I # Interviewer: #2 do you # 079: fix my face you'd say when you want to put on lip- fresh lipstick and powder Interviewer: do you hear slick up? 079: no that's not in my vocabulary Interviewer: alright what about um prink 079: no uh that has about the same meaning as primp or does it mean a little more fixing all of your powder or anything mm-hmm Interviewer: what do you carry beside your gloves when you go out to keep your co- 079: pocket book sometimes purse but I use pocket book all the time Interviewer: there's no difference 079: #1 no no distinction in my mind # Interviewer: #2 in them # and what is the general term used for something um that you wear in addition to your clothes when you go out in would include earrings necklace bracelet 079: uh I can't think of the word I want you know what I'm talking about starts with A {NW} wait a minute you wear the same dress maybe but you have different uh I can't think of the word Interviewer: you're thinking of accessories I think 079: accessories what I'm trying to say Interviewer: that's not what I'm looking for 079: alright alright then we'll Interviewer: #1 you keep these things # 079: #2 pick something else # Interviewer: in a certain kind of box 079: in a little jewelry box we might call it and um it's jewelry we'd say uh necklace and ear bobs Interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 pin # Interviewer: what does a man use to hold his trousers up if he doesn't wear a belt? 079: su- suspenders did you used to call them supporters sometimes too suspender I believe is the name and they used to wear them so much you know Interviewer: what about have you ever heard the term galluses? 079: yes but uh that was an old fashioned kind of country-fied term for it to me as a child Interviewer: and when you make up your bed in the morning you spread the sheets and the covers and then over it uh you put 079: I call it a spread you'd say a bed spread but I just call it a spread Interviewer: alright and when you go out on a rainy day over your head you hold a 079: umbrella Interviewer: what do you out your head on at night when you sleep? 079: pillow Interviewer: what do you call a large or long pillow that might perhaps go across the whole width 079: #1 um bolster # Interviewer: #2 of the bed # if something does not go just a part of the way across but extends the entire way you might say it goes something across 079: can't think of anything other than just all the way across uh you thinking of some word? Interviewer: um have you heard of clean across or 079: well now that's slang right Interviewer: #1 clear across # 079: #2 to me # yeah I might say it goes clear across so- somebody a little more slangy expression might say it goes clean across but I would not say that Interviewer: alright uh the cover that you use on your bed that's made of patched or piece 079: called a quilt Interviewer: alright uh is there a distinction between a quilt and a comforter 079: yes a quilt a comforter or a comfort was thicker than a quilt and had more padding in it that was the term as I was growing up Interviewer: #1 was it also pieced # 079: #2 {NW} # not necessarily it was a lot of times just made of a solid piece of material a whole piece of material but it had cotton back in between it and maybe it was tied down in different uh pl- places Interviewer: I see 079: with yarn or something like that Interviewer: #1 I see and a quilt though would be more # 079: #2 now that was more of a comforter # Interviewer: #1 sewed together # 079: #2 a quilt was a quilt wasn't there # it didn't even sometimes it had a very thin layer of some kind of padding in it but sometimes it was just the pieced part and the lining that was all it wasn't very warm and it took lots and lots of quilts for cover people used to use just pile on the quilts you know in the winter time Interviewer: what do you call a bed on the floor? 079: pallet Interviewer: and are there terms for different kinds of land according to their location for example you might call a tract of land that was near a river the some kind of land 079: river bottom bottom land Interviewer: do you think of any other terms for other locations of land 079: uh now well let me think bottom land and uh let me think of something I don't think of a term right off hillside land has to be terraced or something like that Interviewer: alright uh do you think of a term for uh land that is swampy wet 079: marsh Interviewer: alright can you think of as many different kinds of soil names that would be 079: like red clay and loam and um topsoil what's some other kinds that are not clay all I can think of is Georgia red clay Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I can see why 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # what do you call what do you define loam as? 079: to me that is a rather a rich dark soil I don't know if I'm right or not sort of well uh maybe ready for planting and fine {X} fine or something I don't know what exactly the term uh define the term loam or not but I knew it had to do with soil Interviewer: alright when people are getting water off the land you say they're 079: draining it Interviewer: and what is the term that's used for a canal cut for this purpose 079: irrigation I can think of that word or a irrigation ditch Interviewer: alright what do you call uh the any body of water that is flowing rather than standing still 079: river or creek Interviewer: alright 079: #1 now there's a word # Interviewer: #2 um # 079: uh run do you know what a run is? a run's a little creek Interviewer: it is? 079: up north uh-huh even as far north as Virginia you know the battle of Bull Run? well Bull Run was a little creek Interviewer: #1 that's what that meant # 079: #2 yeah yeah # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 what it meant # uh and do you use the term branch? Interviewer: mm-mm I've heard it 079: little branch uh-huh Interviewer: as in flowery branch Georgia 079: uh-huh yup flowery branch but uh run was a little word Mama would use {NW} Interviewer: my goodness I didn't know that would you name all the rivers creeks streams and lakes that you can think of in this general 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 vicinity # 079: I can name them all hon {X} Interviewer: #1 I bet you can # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 No # oh big Armuchee little Armuchee big dry little dry those are all creeks um {NW} uh let's see what's the one down toward uh cave springs down towards uh little cedar and big cedar creek the oostanaula the etowah and the coosa are our rivers {X} formed flow together to form the Etowah the Etowah and the Oostanaula flow together to form the Coosa Coosa flows into the Alabama um there are no springs around that they don't ever mention mention springs or not but um seems like there's more creeks {X} John's creek is one that's in discussion very much right now as to whether it should be drained or not and so on and uh that's most of the rivers and creeks in this area Interviewer: alright my goodness 079: {NW} Interviewer: uh this may not be applicable in this area but do you know of any particular term that's used for the Gulf of Mexico any 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 any term or # 079: no I don't know of anything if I were going to refer to it I'd just say can you name me the states that border on the gulf or something like that now wh-what term are you thinking of Interviewer: #1 I don't have one in mind # 079: #2 you know that {NW} well # Interviewer: perhaps there may be some 079: #1 there must be something # Interviewer: #2 once you get closer # 079: #1 but uh maybe so people who live in # Interviewer: #2 people who live on the gulf # 079: Mobile and all may call it something else Interviewer: alright what is a term for a channel that's cut by rain in the fields 079: #1 gullies # Interviewer: #2 or perhaps by # 079: you thinking of that or something that's cut on purpose so that the rain Interviewer: #1 that the rain # 079: #2 uh-huh # Interviewer: #1 or an overflowing stream # 079: #2 well # of course you think of um oh {X} trying to think of a word and you can't think of what you want to say erosion uh erosion is uh by the term erosion we mean soil washing away or gullies and ditches being washed away by rain formed by rain Interviewer: what is another word for an extremely high hill? 079: well of course mountain if it's high enough Interviewer: and is are there special words that are used for roads that are in the mountains 079: now let's think um trail over the mountain or a {NS} I can't think of what you have in mind over than a roll over the mountain Interviewer: can you think of any uh new terms for passes in the mountains 079: uh um wait I know what I'm trying to think of gap a gap in the mountain Fouche's gap and different gaps over the Reverend gap and O'Brian gap over there in the mountain Interviewer: #1 my goodness # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: you know you taught geography? 079: no we just ride every sunday Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 you know {C: laughing speech} # we know every little cross road in four Counties hon Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # all the mountains and all the gaps and all the churches Interviewer: #1 and all the rivers and all the creeks # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: my goodness if you're driving along a mountain road and the mountain goes up on one side and on the other side you're looking down a 079: a steep bluff or ravine wouldn't say valley hardly though that is what a valley is but we'd say that that's a steep bluff or a deep ravine Interviewer: uh do you think of another synonym for a bluff for example that you might use if you think of a rocky 079: um now precipice might be a {X} word you'd Interviewer: #1 in western movies # 079: #2 thinking of # Interviewer: often the horse and rider would go off a 079: I can't think of the word you want honey Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 though it may be common # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 cliff # just cliff yes now cliff cliff I would say I'd use the word cliff it would be common usage Interviewer: and what kind of plural would you make of cliff? 079: just cliffs mm-hmm Interviewer: Do you have different terms for different sizes of waterfalls? 079: yes now we I don't know whether we use the term cataract in a in just ordinary conversation or not and other than another term we'd use for a bigger fall waterfall what are some other ones I can't think right off of anything else that I would use Interviewer: uh is a cataract uh is this faster or a 079: #1 it it's a # Interviewer: #2 wider or # 079: pretty big one it's bigger than just a little waterfall what's another word for a waterfall? uh cataract is the only thing I can think of Interviewer: alright would name as many different kinds of roads as you can think of according to the material they're made of 079: many years ago we had a lot of {X} roads which were crushed stone and so on and then of course we have asphalt paving we have cement paving sometimes years ago we had wood block paving that was very popular about in uh nineteen sixteen to eighteen streets were paved with wooden blocks they looked like wooden bricks about the shape of a brick made out of wood Broad Street was paved with wood blocks and when the high water got up {X} Broad Street then but the parts that it did get over that wood stuff would swell and break up and it was just uh messy so they stopped having that they stopped paving with wood now wasn't that funny? it was paved with wooden blocks Interviewer: as as you would use cobblestone 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 to assemble # 079: put together kind of with a tar mixture or something and it was bad when it rained cause the horse's hoofs would skid on it people would skid going down the hill you know with that horse uh {NW} if those wood blocks were wet they were bad so they stopped using Interviewer: #1 did # 079: #2 it # Interviewer: did they wear very well? 079: it would have worn fairly well I think but uh they were not very satisfactory at all on account of the high waters but that day we had Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 high waters # here before the dam and the levees and everything you know {NW} Interviewer: uh can you think what would you call uh just a plain road that's unpaved? 079: a dirt road Interviewer: and what about a road that's made of crushed stone 079: well now {X} was the word that we used in this area before the day of all the roads being paved the rock quarry and they crushed the stone fine and put it on the road and whether they put any tar with it I expect they did Interviewer: what would you call it without the tar though? wh- wh- what would be a word for crushed 079: #1 mm-mm # Interviewer: #2 stone? # 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 or small stones # 079: #1 mm-mm maybe # Interviewer: #2 a mixture of small stones # 079: you must thinking of cobblestone Interviewer: #1 no # 079: #2 I think that's bigger stones # I don't believe I have a word for that that I can think of can you have you got one or are you Interviewer: #1 uh what about gravel # 079: #2 just asking # well yes a gravel road yes you would yes you would say that mm-hmm Interviewer: alright uh are there any special terms that are used around here for neighborhood roads? 079: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 referred to # 079: if you live in the country you speak of a field road that just goes through the field um uh county maintained roads Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # um Interviewer: sometimes you'll find different terms for roads in the name of the road itself instead of saying Brown Road you might have Brown something else not street or not avenue but maybe something I don't have anything special 079: #1 uh-huh mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 in mind # but I know sometimes this will will be a term for a road 079: no I can't think just what you've got in mind there honey Interviewer: well I I I'm not getting at anything 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 really # this time in particular but I know that in Tennessee you have a lot of pikes 079: pi- now we used to use the term pike we I we used to speak of the {X} pike quite often but we'd call it {X} road today Interviewer: #1 you would # 079: #2 that word pike # uh was used some around in this area but not much Interviewer: has is it held over names of any of the roads? 079: is it what honey Interviewer: #1 is it held over # 079: #2 sti- still # n- well no I don't believe so and the only one I'd think of w- we might say the Calhoun pike for the Calhoun road Kingston pike now we did say Kingston pike yes we did but that was fifteen twenty thirty years ago I don't believe uh a young person today would ever heard it Interviewer: it wouldn't be on the street 079: #1 no no # Interviewer: #2 signs # 079: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 I see # uh are there any special terms for lanes or drive ways in the area? that you can think of 079: alley uh lane is not used much in this area it's used a little and now it's used sometimes for kind of a fancy name for a street such and such a lane but um it wasn't too common a word I think we would have used alley rather than lane if we meant a little back street of some kind Interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: uh are there what would you call a very small road that would be used for foot traffic only 079: a path Interviewer: alright if you uh in referring to two of these you might 079: paths Interviewer: alright are there any special terms for paths on farms? 079: mm-mm I don't think of any thing other than trail or something like that Interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 I don't think # Interviewer: we're talking about the word throw 079: mm-hmm Interviewer: okay did you ever? 079: throw a ball Interviewer: yes I 079: threw one yesterday Interviewer: and I 079: #1 have thrown many # Interviewer: #2 have # 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # is there a distinction that's been made uh well let's see we were talking a minute ago about gravel gravel is made from crushed 079: stone or rock Interviewer: alright uh is there a distinction between these two in your mind rock and stone 079: no because not even that we spoke of the stone quarry {X} road and uh it was big pieces of rock or stone that they got I don't know if there's any distinction much in my mind between the two Interviewer: alright um in referring to your house you might say my house is my 079: home Interviewer: alright if you have um if you have rung a friend's uh well if you have rung a friend's doorbell 079: mm-hmm Interviewer: and no one comes to answer you might turn away and say well I guess nobody 079: is home Interviewer: if um if you would like to have someone accompany you somewhere 079: mm-hmm Interviewer: you might say will you come 079: with me Interviewer: and then if you're speaking of a friend who perhaps has another friend accompany them 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 you might say # did he come 079: too Interviewer: #1 um # 079: #2 did he # come with you well now there's a localism Interviewer: #1 a what? # 079: #2 um # that Momma used to think was so funny when she first came down here and sombody'd say can I carry you to the show? and she wouldn't say carry there she'd say take and I would never use it as much as much as it used to be used she's gonna carry me to the play she gonna carry me there. I don't think we use it as much as it was used when I was a child I believe we'd say take more now than we would maybe you never heard it used that way Interviewer: #1 oh yes oh yes # 079: #2 hmm well I # Interviewer: #1 I use it myself {X} # 079: #2 well I guess it's still used # Interviewer: #1 and my husband laughs # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: he's from Ohio too 079: oh is he? Interviewer: #1 he's never used it # 079: #2 is he # Interviewer: #1 in that way # 079: #2 {NW} # No well now see you know that Interviewer: #1 oh yes # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 but I still say # 079: #2 hmm yes # Interviewer: in a car 079: #1 yeah I'm gone carry her # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: #1 in my car. now # Interviewer: #2 do you {X} # 079: I do say that Interviewer: but you would say it's probably more would you say in terms of using it with a car 079: yes I believe so today I don't think I'd use it if I were going by and uh just uh walk up to the library with somebody I'd walk to the show I wouldn't say I'm gone carry you to the show It wouldn't be the sense that it used to mean I'm gonna pay your way and take you I believe we do use it with r-reference to our car how many you gone carry in your car we'd say wouldn't we yes we would mm-hmm Interviewer: probably 079: mm-hmm cause we are carrying them when we put them in a car and take them Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh we'd just say did he come with him 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 uh # then you might say no he came 079: alone he came by himself Interviewer: #1 um # 079: #2 {X}answered the question # Interviewer: it's sort of the opposite of with him he came 079: without him Interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh was he walking away from you no he was walking 079: toward me Interviewer: alright what is the small animal that we keep as a pet sometime that barks 079: #1 a little dog # Interviewer: #2 a lot # can you think of calls that are used to dogs for example to attack are there any that 079: hmm I don't know too much about terminology with dogs cause we've never had any if I wanted uh all I can think of is sick if you wanna sick the hound Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: suppose you want him to come how would you call him 079: here Fido here pup {NW} Interviewer: and if your dog were attacking someone do you think you'd have a call to tell him to stop 079: I wouldn't cause I wouldn't know what now what would you say what would be the term I don't know either Interviewer: some people may have #1 a special # 079: #2 uh huh # Interviewer: #1 command # 079: #2 I suppose they would if they # Interviewer: uh if you gave your son the name of an uncle you might say that you named him 079: for his uncle but you used to say you named him after his uncle Interviewer: #1 oh really # 079: #2 uh huh # he was named after me but now we've gotten away from that we say for Interviewer: #1 would you say for # 079: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 for of course is more correct # named him for him {NW} Interviewer: uh do you know a term for a dog that's uh mixed or an unknown 079: #1 mongrel # Interviewer: #2 breed # we're talking about the word bite 079: the word {D: bitten} Interviewer: #1 bite # 079: #2 bite # mm-hmm Interviewer: as in dog 079: mm-hmm Interviewer: does that dog 079: {X} what you mean Interviewer: #1 bite # 079: #2 {X} # does the dog bite Interviewer: that's right oh yes he a man yesterday 079: he bit a man yesterday Interviewer: and he has 079: bitten many Interviewer: {NW} 079: {NW} Interviewer: uh what is a term for the animal that gives milk on a farm 079: cow Interviewer: and what is a male cow 079: mm-mm bull Interviewer: do you know of any terms that were used to avoid saying the word bull in the past? do you think people have been sort of 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 when a # 079: yes Interviewer: #1 squeamish about saying that # 079: #2 yes # and I don't know what they'd use though Interviewer: #1 okay # 079: #2 I don't know what they use though # Interviewer: alright um can you s- tell me as many different kinds of cows as you can think of 079: holstein and jersey and gosh what are some other kinds holstein and jersey huh I can't think of any of them Interviewer: do you know what farmers prefer for dairy cows 079: Jerseys I believe give more milk Interviewer: and what about for beef cattle 079: I reckon holsteins are good for that {NW} what sort of kind of cows I can't even think of any Interviewer: {NW} 079: I can tell you what kind of hogs you want there are jerseys and tamworth and Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 I may get to that # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: what is a term used for animals that are working in twos 079: pair a team Interviewer: uh and the animal that is not a horse that's used for work on a farm 079: mule Interviewer: #1 what is a mule bred # 079: #2 a # mule is a cross honey it's a its mother it is a cross it's a offspring of a Interviewer: #1 horse # 079: #2 horse # and uh or of a jackass and a mare or something like that Interviewer: I don't know yeah I know 079: #1 it's a cross # Interviewer: #2 a born from a horse # 079: it's not a thing of its own it's not a thing of its own it's a cross Interviewer: they can't be bred 079: #1 no no # Interviewer: #2 can they # 079: #1 you have the one and that's it # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm that's it mm-hmm # alright I see uh is are there any synonyms around here that are used for mule 079: no not any that I know of Interviewer: alright uh what i- would be a term for a cow giving birth to a calf Daisy's going to 079: uh well you use the word calve C-A-L-V-E Interviewer: um 079: that's all I can think of Interviewer: alright uh what do you call uh the the process that a cow undergoes when she has when she begins to give milk 079: come in she comes in fresh or freshens mm-hmm Interviewer: alright is there a term that you think of for an animal a male breeding animal for example a horse 079: a stud either that or a Interviewer: okay 079: {X} Interviewer: alright and this animal that we were just talking about is frequently used to pull a plow it would not be a mule it'd be a 079: horse Interviewer: alright and two of them would be 079: a a team Interviewer: uh two 079: two horses oh yeah Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh do you know some breeds of horses 079: uh s- but now I don't know whether saw and Bay and um Palomino sort of breeds or not I guess they'd be breed I don't know there's kinds of horses um iron grey horses Interviewer: do you now which ones are best for work and which are best for riding? 079: uh let me see there are different kinds of great big horses work horses on farms especially up north percheron horses and and another word I don't think of right now but just for for work horses on a farm in Georgia course there aren't too many of them anymore Interviewer: mm-hmm 079: on any farm I don't know whether Bay or saw were more they were more carriage horses I believe I don't know what kind was more uh useful on a farm Interviewer: alright we're talking about the word riding did you ever 079: ride Interviewer: #1 and yesterday I # 079: #2 a horse # I rode one Interviewer: #1 and # 079: #2 and # many times I have ridden one Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 except I've never been up on one but one time # Interviewer: {NW} was that an unpleasant 079: #1 I thought # Interviewer: #2 experience # 079: felt I was up on a skyscraper honey Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # high Interviewer: did you stay up on it 079: no I got right off Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh if y- someone is in bed uh and perhaps he's having a bad dream you might say he fell 079: well now you're just saying Interviewer: uh if someone is in bed 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 and # having a bad dream and they suddenly find themselves on the floor 079: #1 oh fell out of bed # Interviewer: #2 you # alright 079: thought maybe you wanted Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 say they had a nightmare # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 we talking about horses that would be pretty illogical wouldn't it # 079: #2 {NW} yeah # uh huh Interviewer: never thought of that 079: {NW} Interviewer: uh what is the footwear that a horse 079: #1 shoe # Interviewer: #2 uh # 079: call it shoe Interviewer: alright and uh the longer term for this would be 079: horseshoe you mean that Interviewer: #1 that's right # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: uh and on the part of a horse's foot 079: #1 hoof # Interviewer: #2 this # and two of them would be 079: hooves H-double-O-V-E-S Interviewer: alright do you know any terms for a male sheep? 079: ram Interviewer: and what for a female 079: #1 ewe # Interviewer: #2 sheep # uh have people showed the same sort of squeamishness about using the word ram as perhaps they have about bull? 079: not so much because so few sheep raised in this area they probably hadn't the occasion to use it Interviewer: have you ever heard a term that's been used for a castrated sheep? ram 079: no I don't believe so Interviewer: #1 I don't either # 079: #2 do you know the term? # Interviewer: #1 no # 079: #2 I don't know it either # Interviewer: #1 hoping someday someone will know one # 079: #2 uh huh # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 no # like eunuch for a man Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 079: #2 that's the term # Interviewer: #1 the term # 079: #2 that's right # but I don't no I don't know it {X} Interviewer: #1 I've never heard it at all # 079: #2 hmm # hmm Interviewer: the #1 material for clothing that we get from sheep is # 079: #2 wool # Interviewer: and the uh a male well first the animal that we raise for pork you've told me 079: yeah hog Interviewer: and a male hog would be 079: let's see the female is the sow and I can't think of the term for I probably know it but I can't think of it Interviewer: {NW} boar is this 079: yeah why a boar mm-hmm I couldn't think of that Interviewer: uh have there been any more terms used for boar 079: not that I can think of Interviewer: to avoid saying the word 079: mm-hmm no not that I know of Interviewer: um have you ever heard of the word barrow? 079: B-A-R-R-O-W? Interviewer: mm-hmm 079: yes now what does it mean? Interviewer: what would this mean to you? 079: I can't tell you and yet uh I've heard it but I can't think what the connection is I know it Interviewer: alright uh can you tell me as many different kinds of I told you I'd get to this 079: mm-hmm Interviewer: different kinds of hogs 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 as you can think of # 079: I don't know as many as I was letting on {X} and tamworth is one kind I can't think of any other kinds of hogs I ought to know can't think of any others right now Interviewer: {NW} alright which one do farmers use most for meat production 079: um i don't know Interviewer: alright uh 079: Poland China Poland China's a good one Interviewer: oh really 079: kind uh huh {NW} Interviewer: what is uh I couldn't think of this in terms of of a hog but also the best way to make you think of it probably is the little sticky parts of your toothbrush are the 079: bristles Interviewer: #1 alright # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: and in talking about hogs um what do you call the toothes that extend out of the hog 079: tusk Interviewer: alright uh do you do they have many wild hogs anymore? 079: no I don't think so not in this area Interviewer: do you remember the times 079: #1 now a boy uh in my class # Interviewer: #2 when you used to # 079: told me he killed a wild hog going hunting down at Savannah Interviewer: #1 oh did he # 079: #2 during our holidays uh huh # he lives in Savannah and he said there were wild hogs in the uh marshy lands around Savannah Interviewer: #1 oh really # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 how {X:many} # 079: #2 said it's good too # said t-taste just like uh d-domesticated #1 pork # Interviewer: #2 you eat it # 079: mm-hmm Interviewer: you eat wild hog 079: he said it was good Interviewer: well how did they get to be wild? 079: I don't know whether they'd ever been domesticated and escaped from some uh barnyard and just became wild like there are those packs of wild dogs you know Interviewer: #1 do they use many of those # 079: #2 and {X} # Interviewer: #1 around here # 079: #2 not many around here # I never heard the term until a few years ago Interviewer: #1 oh really # 079: #2 but there are some # mm-hmm Interviewer: we've had a few 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 isolated cases # 079: #1 yeah yeah # Interviewer: #2 near Marietta # 079: they do {X} Interviewer: a hog would usually feed out of a 079: trough Interviewer: alright if you had two of them you would call them 079: I never did think of two of them Interviewer: {NW} 079: well how I'd spell trough? Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # I believe it'd just have S I think it'd be troughs Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 I don't think it'd be troughs # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # about got me that time honey Interviewer: #1 oh very good very good # 079: #2 don't think I've ever thought of more than one # Interviewer: #1 I'll mark one up for me # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh I don't think I asked you before we were talking about the hog's teeth 079: #1 uh huh # Interviewer: #2 then # 079: tusk I said Interviewer: alright now the one would be 079: a tusk Interviewer: #1 and two # 079: #2 and two would be tusks # Interviewer: alright uh is there a special term that you think of for a wild hog? 079: a wild boar we'd often say Interviewer: alright um what do you call the process or is there a term that you know of of the process of castrating horses or bulls or hogs or 079: I don't think of one may maybe I should but I can't think of one Interviewer: have you ever heard of gelding? 079: oh yes uh huh Interviewer: #1 of horses # 079: #2 yes I ought to have # thought of that but I didn't yes in fact it's in my vocabulary if I saw it I would have known what it meant but I didn't think of it you see Interviewer: do you think people would have used this term to each other? or would now even? 079: I guess people would who uh are familiar with that sort of thing raised Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 079: #2 animals # and so on Interviewer: what is the sound that a calf makes when it's being weaned from its mother? 079: bleat no a sheep bleats doesn't it cow moos but I don't know what I can't think of a particular term for the Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 calf # Interviewer: did you ever hear bawling? 079: bawling of course a bawling calf yes Interviewer: and what is the sound that a cattle makes {X} that a cattle 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # that cattle make at feeding time 079: well now do they do they moo if they're hungry um blowing of the cow Interviewer: that's what I was 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 thinking of especially # uh the sound that a horse makes at feeding time 079: a horse neighs to make a noise Interviewer: and a higher pitch sound that a horse makes 079: whinny Interviewer: alright uh is there a general term when you go out to give cattle their food? you might say I'm going out to 079: feed the stock {NW} Pa always used to say slop the hogs did you ever hear that term? Interviewer: I think I have 079: that was a common term on the farm I'm sure Interviewer: I guess that's where they put everything in the slop 079: #1 uh huh # Interviewer: #2 bucket # 079: all the table scraps and stuff you know back then it was I guess the water that you maybe the dish water that you poured out if it had scraps in it or anything Interviewer: {NW} uh d- if you're going out to give chickens their food is there a 079: #1 I go and feed the chickens # Interviewer: #2 certain # 079: and uh and then something else you're trying to get out of me? Interviewer: #1 not necessarily # 079: #2 uh huh # Interviewer: uh I do you ever hear people who would just say I'm going out to feed 079: #1 going # Interviewer: #2 growing up on a farm # 079: #1 it going # Interviewer: #2 it's just # instead of saying I'm going out to feed the cows 079: #1 uh huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # just might say I'm going out to feed 079: well now they might I don't know haven't been around farmers enough to know Interviewer: #1 I realize that # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: is there a name for a hen when she's on eggs? 079: sitting hen setting hen we always said should be sitting cause the hen sits but setting hen is what we always called them Interviewer: alright and what kind of shelter do chickens live in? 079: coup Interviewer: {X} 079: or a chicken house sometimes if it's a bigger thing you call it a chicken house Interviewer: I see 079: but if it's a little coup you call it a chicken coup Interviewer: does a coup usually have wire? 079: it was made u- in the old days it was made of slats Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 chicken coup was # slatted like that was made out of slats in the ends and had slats across mm-hmm wooden slats that's a chicken coup then they get to be made of wire of course or something but chicken wire came in later and Interviewer: #1 oh I see # 079: #2 and {X} # but chickens were made with chicken wire mm-hmm but the chicken coup in my childhood was made of slats wooden slats Interviewer: #1 and it was just smaller than a # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 chicken {X} # 079: #2 uh huh uh huh # Interviewer: did it have roofs and 079: #1 the chicken chicken coup # Interviewer: #2 roosting places # 079: uh chicken coup might have had a tarpaper roof uh and the rest of it but it was generally just made of slats it generally didn't have a roof they just let the rain get on them Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: what is the part of a chicken that children like to play with after the meat is gone? 079: the drumstick or the wishbone wishbone probably Interviewer: alright do you know any superstitions about wishbones? 079: yes it's supposed to be good luck of you break it and get the shortest part mm-hmm Interviewer: do y- is there any kind of rhyme children say about it? or do they just 079: #1 I don't think there's a rhyme about it but # Interviewer: #2 how do they go about pulling it? # 079: you make your wish and then each one takes a hold of it and whichever one gets the short part their wish comes true Interviewer: I see uh what are the edible insides of a pig or a cow or a calf? is there a term that would cover all of this? 079: like beef or pork you mean Interviewer: #1 no I'm thinking # 079: #2 that? # Interviewer: more of um uh guts 079: #1 oh uh uh # Interviewer: #2 or materials # 079: chitterlings you thinking about chitterlings which people call chitlins Interviewer: #1 that that's one possibility # 079: #2 uh huh # Interviewer: is there anything else on the inside 079: #1 well now let me see # Interviewer: #2 that you eat # 079: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 other than the meat # 079: tripe is the lining of the cow's stomach I believe is what tripe is and um I don't think of another term Interviewer: uh what about brains do people eat 079: #1 brains yes # Interviewer: #2 brains? # 079: they eat the brains Interviewer: uh 079: kidneys Interviewer: what are have you ever heard of hog lights? 079: lights? now liver and lights lights is something that some animals have I believe chickens have it uh the never heard of eating it but some people may Interviewer: #1 I don't know what it is really # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 but I know I've heard of it # 079: #2 well uh # I can think about it if you're dressing a chicken what the lights are it's a little lighter red substance than and not near as big as the liver so on Interviewer: #1 oh I see # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: um the hour of the evening that you would go out 079: wait just a minute one second {NW} did you ever hear the expression I'm just gone scare the lights out of you Interviewer: oh yeah 079: uh huh Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 now I haven't thought about that expression in years # Interviewer: oh I never thought of it in that con- con- 079: {X} it was that that connection well not it probably was rather than thinking of a light of a L-I-G-H-T light don't you think it was? bet it was Interviewer: #1 I never thought of it in that way # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 my goodness # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: uh what is the time of day is there a term that you would use for the time of day on a farm that you would go out to distribute your feed? to you animals you'd say it's getting close to 079: to dark or getting close to I don't know whether they'd say Interviewer: #1 think if you were thinking # 079: #2 {X} or not # Interviewer: that you were going to have to go out and feed these animals 079: #1 uh huh # Interviewer: #2 you might # look at the clock and say well it's getting close to 079: time they think about time for the chores or something Interviewer: might be well um what about feeding time 079: yeah I guess just that Interviewer: I understand you haven't 079: #1 mm-hmm yeah # Interviewer: #2 lived on a farm # 079: #1 {NW} I don't know what all they may say # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # uh you know of any call to a cow to get it to get him to 079: soo cow soo cow Interviewer: is that what you say to a cow? 079: that's what I've heard people say Interviewer: and what do you say to them to make them stand still while you milk them them? 079: mm I don't know {NS} may have heard somebody say it at some time but I what do you what you know? Interviewer: no 079: I don't either Interviewer: is there a special call that w- you would use to a calf? 079: #1 a little calf? # Interviewer: #2 rather than a # 079: no I I wouldn't know it of there is haven't had enough dealings with calves Interviewer: uh what's a call to a mule or a horse to make him turn left or right plowing 079: gee and haw Interviewer: which is which? 079: I don't know Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: haven't done much plowing huh? 079: {NW} I would guess that gee is right and haw is left but that is cause they're gee and haw and right and left somehow Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 that's what I'd guess if I was guessing # Interviewer: #1 {NW} right # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: do you know a call to a horse to get him to come in from the pasture 079: used to cluck to them {NW} {X} what would we do to call a horse if you wanted I don't know I can't think can you? Interviewer: #1 I don't know # 079: #2 if you wanted 'em to # go faster you'd cluck click to them like that he'd get up to Interviewer: #1 if you if you # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: going out to hitch one up 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 first you'd have to get him # 079: #1 hmm you would # Interviewer: #2 so how what would you do? # 079: I don't know I don't remember how we got him Interviewer: #1 my mother said she went and ran # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 yelled and screamed a lot # 079: #2 yeah {NW} # Interviewer: #1 she said by the time you got the horse in # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 they got him hitched up # 079: #2 oh oh yeah # Interviewer: #1 you had to that before you could get dressed # 079: #2 yeah yeah # Interviewer: #1 so that {X} # 079: #2 had hitch up before you dressed # yeah we didn't have to do much hitching up Mama could hitch up the horse when we had the surrey but Papa of course did it if he were there Interviewer: I see 079: hmm Interviewer: uh and calls you said a call to start a horse when you first start him 079: you want him to get up and then you say {NW} he goes now you wouldn't have think they could have heard that little clicking but that's what you did Interviewer: #1 make make him go faster # 079: #2 and to get up # yeah Interviewer: but you wouldn't use this just to start him? if if you just hopped in and picked up the reigns you might could you go {NW} 079: #1 yeah and he'd start yeah # Interviewer: #2 and he'd go? # um what if you want him to stop what would you do? 079: pull on the reigns and say whoa Interviewer: and what's a call to get a to pigs at feeding time 079: what do they say to pigs? I can't remember I've heard people call pigs you remember? Interviewer: uh what about sooie pig pig pig or 079: #1 it it's # Interviewer: #2 something like that # 079: now I said sooie for the cow didn't I? Interviewer: no you said soo 079: soo did I? soo cow soo cow yeah sooie I guess is for the pigs but I've hadn't thought about that in a long time some of these things maybe go back forty fifty years honey Interviewer: well th- the not all these 079: #1 mm-hmm mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 you're you're certainly not expected # 079: #1 mm-hmm no # Interviewer: #2 to have know all of these # 079: no you wouldn't for some of them Interviewer: uh you know any calls to sheep? 079: no I wouldn't know what to do with a sheep Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 never been around them much # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 we got some out at Berry but that's about the only place in the county # Interviewer: what are they doing at Berry? 079: oh we always had a flock of sheep Interviewer: why? 079: I don't know they just do picturesque I guess Interviewer: #1 they got a shepherd? # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 somebody to look after 'em # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 with a crook # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 that would be great # 079: #2 sometimes they'll be grazing out on the chapel lawn # they look so pretty such a pastoral scene you know I don't know whether they raise them up and do anything with them or not but they've got some out there Interviewer: do they shear 079: yes reckon so maybe they sell the wool but I don't believe they have enough of them to amount to anything I don't know maybe there's Interviewer: #1 they've always had sheep? # 079: #2 {X} # yeah they got some Interviewer: #1 my goodness # 079: #2 {X} # now once in a while they have them out {NW} Interviewer: but maybe I'll ask Alec 079: #1 uh huh uh huh # Interviewer: #2 what they do with there sheep # uh you know any calls to chickens? maybe a 079: #1 here chick chick chick chick chick chick # Interviewer: #2 feeding call # 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 alright # and if you uh wanted to put the horses in this apparatus to get them 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 um to go in with the buggy # 079: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 you'd say I'm going to # 079: hitch up Interviewer: alright do you ever use the term harness the horses? 079: yes you would I guess Interviewer: would it be different? than hitching up 079: no it'd be the same because you wouldn't put a harness on him unless you were gonna drive him you'd put a saddle on him if you were g- and a bridle if you were going to just ride horseback Interviewer: but hitch up and harness 079: it would be about the same I guess Interviewer: #1 alright I see # 079: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: uh what are the lines called that you use for driving 079: #1 reigns # Interviewer: #2 horses # would you still call them reigns if you were going to plow? 079: oh they're called lines I believe uh traces now something about change change and traces and Interviewer: if you're going t- to ride the horse would you call it what would you call it? 079: well you have a let me see you have a reign the bridle has a reign to it the check reign and all that Interviewer: alright uh where do you put you feet in a saddle? 079: stirrups Interviewer: and is there a particular term that you would use for the horse that's on the left when you're plowing? 079: off horse maybe? something's a off horse whether that's the one on the left honey I don't know about that Interviewer: uh if you wanted to indicate that it was just a short distance to something you might say oh it's just a 079: little piece {NW} that's entirely idiomatic isn't it Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: and what about for a long 079: {NS} {X} Interviewer: #1 Fundamental concepts. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # I had to teach him to multiply, divide, add, and subtract {D: And stuff like that} Interviewer: There's still a good bit of drill, right 079: #1 Yeah, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 that they're doing. # You can't get away from 079: #1 You can't get away from 'em if you teach 'em anything, that's true. # Interviewer: #2 that. # Um all of these things that we have been talking about are pieces of 079: furniture. Interviewer: Um what do you call um okay, what do you call the things that you have behind your sheer curtains? 079: I call 'em window shades. Interviewer: Oh. Do you distinguish in your the term that you use between those and 079: #1 The Venetian blinds? # Interviewer: #2 the the flat # 079: Mm-hmm yeah. Yeah. Window shades never need Venetian blinds. {NW} Interviewer: Wasn't with it I should've noticed that its {D: a word up} Oh, what do you call the place where you store your clothes? 079: Closet. Interviewer: Alright um is putting the two words together you would call it? 079: A clothes closet. Interviewer: Mm. Um. Is there a kind of a closet that is not recessed in the wall? 079: Wardrobe. Or something like that now you got that in mind? That's a term that Interviewer: One that's movable. 079: Uh-huh, uh-huh. That's something that's almost gone out of American furniture is a wardrobe. #1 Hasn't been, used to be dealt without any closets. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 079: Everything was in kept in wardrobes. Interviewer: Uh what do you call the space in a house between the top floor of living space and the roof? 079: Attic. Interviewer: Uh and what do you call the room where you do your food preparation? 079: Kitchen. Interviewer: Okay, would you um tell me something about the equipment in a kitchen? Um. 079: You mean today? Interviewer: Well a little bit of both. Uh have there been changes? 079: There are definite changes of course since I can about at my age remember. Interviewer: #1 There it is # 079: #2 Mentioned some of them # Mm-hmm. From the cookstove to the gas stove to and there was a time when oil stoves were quite popular and of course they're still used some places. Uh and then th-the electrical s-stove is almost But of course gas is still popular, but gas now is about fixed to have completely replaced the wood stove You'd have to go a long way to find someone cooking on a wood stove now, #1 wouldn't you? # Interviewer: #2 I guess that's right. # 079: And uh then another thing that has changed so every kitchen years and years ago had a cupboard sort of thing that was called a safe. And always had uh {D: metal tentatives} it was on the doors. And there was always a pricked pattern on those doors. And you kept your food in the safe in the winter time. You put the dishes of what was left. Leftovers in the safe until supper time cause you didn't have any refrigerator and they had ice in the su- in the winter you see. And uh so there was always a safe in the kitchen and uh then let me see what else of course the dishwasher's entirely new within the last what twenty, twenty five years? Maybe not that long. Interviewer: What do you have in your kitchen that will take the place of a safe? 079: #1 Anything. Any # Interviewer: #2 Uh the place of a safe. # Any? 079: Well actually it would be the refrigerator {D: Cause you eat} Cause you see you we keep you keep all perishable foods now in your refrigerator. Interviewer: Oh, what about um baked goods? Was there a did you put your baked goods in #1 the safe too? # 079: #2 You used to have a # bread box that you kept it in. I can remember well we never thought of putting bread in the refr- in the ice box when we were children. You kept it in a bread box. {NW} And if you had a fairly good sized house you had a pantry. If you didn't you had some kind of shelves where you kept your canned goods and things like that at. Interviewer: Um what do you have in your kitchen now where you would keep dishes and? 079: Cupboards. Uh cupboards I guess you'd call. Interviewer: Alright. Um do you remember anything about an outside kitchen #1 {D: that you had} # 079: #2 No # That was further {NW} A whole lot further back. But you know they did have #1 years ago. # Interviewer: #2 I didn't know they did. # 079: #1 You didn't? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: #1 Well yeah they did honey. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: #1 Yes they did. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: Uh if you go to some of the old houses if you go to Mount Vernon if you go to uh up here to the Vann place uh the Vann house up uh {D:above Dalton average was a} fine home that Joseph Vann who's an Indian chief Interviewer: Mm-hmm 079: had and then of course he had to go west when all the others were driven west but it's been restored very interestingly. Outside kitchen. Uh any of the old houses that you visit the kitchen was not in the main house. It was out a ways from it. They didn't think all the cooking odors and everything should get into the house. And how they ever got it to the table hot I don't know but I guess they did. Interviewer: I remember at Mount Vernon 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: there being they said there were little slave boys who were called runners. 079: Yes. Interviewer: #1 Who who ran back # 079: #2 Ran back and forth with the food, yeah. # Interviewer: #1 And I remember that now, but I didn't remember # 079: #2 And uh even in the uh # houses that weren't as pretentious as that they had uh the kitchen somewhat separated from the house. Interviewer: And you only had one kitchen. 079: Yeah that's and now some of 'em have called a summer kitchen now I've heard people use the term summer kitchen and perhaps that was away from the house to keep the heat from the house and then they'd've had a uh kitchen in the house in the winter and now never since I can remember did people have an outside kitchen but um certainly back in Civil War days they did. I'd say that went out probably in the seventies or something like that seventies or eighties. Interviewer: Hmm. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um. Let's see, what would you call i-is there a um general term that you would use for a lot of worthless articles that you'd say "Aw that's just" 079: Um Rubbish or trash. {NW} Interviewer: And there was a man who used to come around and pick up things like this and you called him the some kind of name. 079: {D: Well now} Used to speak of the trash man coming And who drove the trash wagon before the day of of trucks and everything. Now we never did have anybody who came around and bought up rummage or anything like that they might have in some areas. And uh Interviewer: #1 Well the word that I I was really looking for is um # 079: #2 What's the word? # Interviewer: also used now to speak uh to as a slang term for a drug addict. 079: Well I'd think of a pusher #1 That's what sells it # Interviewer: #2 oh oh sorry I # 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh # 079: Huh. No I can't think of the word you want. Interviewer: Well how about junk? 079: Yes. Yes uh now that's a common word with us. I think of it more in connection with uh metallic uh stuff. If you had uh some old {D: Mm if you had} I don't know. I guess you'd You'd sell you'd sell anything for junk. I couldn't think what you were getting at honey. Now I know when we were children there was a man we knew, a good friend of ours, who had a junk shop, that was his business. And he would take everything, you know Interviewer: What would you call a place in your house where you stored your junk? #1 Or # 079: #2 Mm see # {NW} If you had a basement, you had a storeroom or something course the what's the term you use today? Utility room, that's a new term. {NW} You just call it that. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um what would you call the um object that you use not an electrical object but a hand pushed object that you use to sweep the floor? 079: Carpet sweeper. People used to have carpet sweepers. Interviewer: {X} But before that even, a more primitive object. 079: Well of course broom, you're just thinking of the term broom. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 079: #2 And um # Interviewer: Um if I if if you would imagine for just a minute That I had a broom in my hand Interviewer: And I took it and put it here 079: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Then I said "where's the broom?" 079: Mm would I just say back of the door? Interviewer: #1 That's fine. # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Do you need to answer your phone? 079: My sister will I guess. Let's see here {D: If you'd rather I would} {X} Or anybody like that. Well that Interviewer: What um ages do they have at your academy? 079: We have from the ninth through the twelfth. Just senior high. Well in some some pla- yeah we have sixth, seventh, and eighth is junior high in most places so what ours is is four years of senior high. #1 That's what we have. # Interviewer: #2 All boys and girls? # 079: No just boys. Interviewer: Just boys? 079: They've talked about making it co-ed this year but they said they would if they had as many as fifty applicants. Well they didn't have quite that many. I think they thought it wouldn't be too good to have too small a number of girls and a large number of boys, but we'll probably be co-ed next year. And I hope we will. {X} I've taught all girls, I've taught all boys, and I've taught 'em together so it doesn't matter. {NW} Interviewer: You've had them in all 079: #1 {D: In all ways, yeah.} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: All different ways. Interviewer: Oh, I think your phone's ringing. 079: Again? Yep, it is. Just fascinating It wasn't so much about it except that I was in the area around it uh when Victoria Hopes, her last book. And it really was just fascinating to me cause the ship would stop and then go ashore and I could just see us going to shore and uh Quito, Ecuador and everywhere you know {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Do you think that where the Australia now is where all the potential is? 079: Well I expect it is what this country was in the eighteen-hundreds don't you? Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 Uh so much undeveloped # Mm-hmm. They say it's just beautiful. Just beautiful. Well we'd better get to our cards, huh? Interviewer: I hate to keep taking up 079: #1 We'll visit the rest of the day, hmm, won't we sweet? # Interviewer: #2 so much of your time, but # 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: I know we could Interviewer: Did you go to the concert last night? 079: No, but my sister did she said it was just wonderful. Interviewer: I thought you might be involved in 079: #1 Uh-huh. No, for a number of years I helped sell tickets # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: to it but I hadn't done it the last few years. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 {D: there at music matters I just did it cause I was civic minded} # Interviewer: Oh. I gather that this organization is something like getting {D: one with music} 079: Yes, it is something like that there. It's parts of these programs for I guess fifteen, twenty years now. Interviewer: That's pretty worthwhile. 079: Yeah, it's good. It brings good things to town. Interviewer: #1 Well if there is no organization like that # 079: #2 We can get through # Interviewer: #1 {D: You'll just get passed by.} # 079: #2 Mm-hmm it just doesn't, you don't get, that's right. # Interviewer: #1 Okay so # 079: #2 {D: Well now let's answer it a little briefly} # Interviewer: {NW} 079: {NW} Interviewer: When your clothes get dirty uh what do you call the process that you go through to get them clean again? 079: {NW} Well you just need washing the fact that I'm going to wash them myself. I'll send them to the dry cleaner if I'm not gonna do it myself. Interviewer: Alright, and after you wash them? 079: Then I iron them. Now if I'm just if I have a linen dress that is a little wrinkled and it isn't dirty I press that I had make a distinction between pressing and ironing. I iron something that's just been washed it's got to be ironed but if the dress is a little wrinkled I press it. {NW} Interviewer: And what do you call this washing, drying, and ironing process? All called doing the? 079: Well you'd, oh {D: get uh} I guess most people call it doing the laundry Uh some people say doing the washing. I don't wash anything that I can help, I send the sheets and pillowcases and everything and towels to the laundry and just wash other clothes, so I don't do a big washing but a lot of people, if they've, yes, now if they do use a lo- washing machine and they have a lot of children I hear 'em say "Oh I do "two and three loads a week" Something like that. So they'd speak of it that way. Interviewer: What do you call the part of the house that extends in front of it? Um 079: The porch. Interviewer: Right. Do you make a distinction or do you know of 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 people who do # between the front and the back? 079: No, not in this area. I would say {D: you would do that if you you lived in in Charleston} you might speak of the gallery or something but uh we would ma- we'd say front porch and back porch Interviewer: #1 The gallery would be for? # 079: #2 there'd be no distinction. # Uh to my mind a gallery is a long porch like on those houses in Charleston. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: Something like that. Interviewer: Does it make a difference if a porch has a roof or not? 079: Yes, we would speak of one that didn't have a roof as a terrace wouldn't we? Or a patio or something of the sort. Interviewer: And whether its screened or not screened? 079: No, I don't believe I'd make any distinction there except to speak of the screened porch. Interviewer: And how about size? Does this make a difference in terminology? 079: You mean if it were? Interviewer: If it were large or long. 079: Oh size at first I thought you said sides. No I don't believe I'd have any different I might just say a large porch she has a big porch or a large porch I don't believe I'd have any distinction in terminology. Interviewer: If your front door were open, you might say to someone? 079: Close the door. Close it. Except I might say shut the door, but most of the time we'd say close the door I believe. Interviewer: What do you call the outside boards that are on a house usually wood but they could be aluminum. 079: I call it weather boarding, we did as we were growing up and now the term siding, aluminum siding has come in. Interviewer: Do you think of siding as being only aluminum or could it be wood too? 079: I would think of it just as aluminum I believe, uh some people might well think of it as wood but if it were if it were wood I'd either call it shingles or uh old fashioned weather boarding. Interviewer: Now let's talk about the word "drive". 079: Mm alright. Interviewer: Today I will get in the car. 079: And drive {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Here we go again. # 079: #2 Do you need me to tell you its principal parts? # Interviewer: Yesterday I 079: drove. {NS} Interviewer: And many times #1 I have # 079: #2 I have # Driven. I'd put in a good word to get {D: Her to tell you this John Will Wreckemson} uh stepdaughter who lives with him Interviewer: #1 Oh did he? # 079: #2 uh to talk. # Interviewer: What did? 079: It wasn't scary, but now that would scare him, you see? Interviewer: #1 Yes, now # 079: #2 He'd be afraid he'd say it wrong, bless his heart. # Interviewer: That's right, and this is something sometime we 079: I I would omit with people that I thought didn't know. {NW} Interviewer: Uh what do you call the top part of the house, the extreme top part 079: #1 Well, just # Interviewer: #2 on the outside? # 079: I was thinking of the roof. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And what are the channels by which the water is taken from the roof 079: #1 I call the term gutter # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: Or gutter pipes sometimes. Interviewer: What are the low places between the gables on a roof called? 079: Hmm let me think. Well I can't even think of a word, honey. Let me see. I just can't tell you. What would I say? Interviewer: Um. {NS} 079: I don't know what word you're trying to make me say. {C:laughing} #1 You you can say something I'd say what it's common usage with me # Interviewer: #2 Uh what about uh # Uh is the word I'm thinking of sometimes you think of hills {D: as versus} 079: That it? Interviewer: Do you ever hear that? 079: I wouldn't think of calling it that, I don't believe. Maybe I'd just never called that anything. And I couldn't think of a word. {C: laughing} Interviewer: I'm afraid I've never called it anything. 079: Uh-huh. {NW} Interviewer: What do you call an outdoor toilet? 079: I'd just call it an outdoor toilet, now there are different words for it I never could bear the word privy, I think that sounds horrible but that is what a lot of people call it. Used to call it years ago, when I had that. But if I were gonna tell anybody that I went to their primitive place cause they just even have an outside or outdoor toilet, I'd say. {NW} Interviewer: Uh did you that noise? 079: Did you hear? Interviewer: Yes, I 079: Heard {NW} Interviewer: As a matter of fact I have 079: Heard it many times. {NW} Interviewer: Now if you really wanted to tell me 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: That you had not heard this before, and you wanted to emphasize the fact that you had not you might say "I-" 079: I never heard that before. Or that's the first time I ever heard that. Or I never heard of that. Interviewer: When a person gets married he says to his minister "I-" 079: Do. Or I will. I do, I believe {NW} {C: laughing} Interviewer: I don't chew tobacco but he 079: He does or he chews tobacco. Interviewer: He used to smoke, but now he 079: He does not. Interviewer: Have you any more work to do in the field? No, I it yesterday 079: I did it yesterday. Interviewer: #1 And in # 079: #2 Or I finished yesterday # Interviewer: Then I said "are you sure" and you say "Yes, I have" 079: Finished, I have done it. Interviewer: Alright. If someone asked you "are you absolutely sure?" and inside you really weren't all that sure 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You might say to them, "No, I'm not" 079: Positive. I'm not absolutely certain. Interviewer: Then uh if someone asked you, did you talk to him recently? You might say, yes, I talking to him yesterday. 079: I was talking to him yesterday. Interviewer: And if someone if I asked you, did I talk to him, you might say, yes you 079: Talked to him yesterday Interviewer: Or? 079: Or you did talk to him. Interviewer: #1 {D: Or you do you} # 079: #2 You have talked to him. # Interviewer: You? #1 But if I can # 079: #2 Talking # Interviewer: #1 You what? # 079: #2 Using # Interviewer: Using using talking. You? 079: You were talking to him yesterday. Interviewer: Have you thought about that today? You might say I thinking since I got out of bed about that. 079: I had been thinking. Interviewer: What do you is another term you would use for your home referring just to the building? You might say my? 079: My house. Interviewer: #1 And if you had two of 'em you might say my houses. # 079: #2 My houses. # Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What is the large building on a farm that usually is used to house animals? 079: Generally called a barn, now sometimes you'd speak of a stable. That's more just for horses I believe. Interviewer: Uh is there a particular shape that you think of? 079: #1 Yes. You'd think of a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: a rectangular, oblong shape, most barns are. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And what do you call an area of just outside the barn? 079: Barnyard. Interviewer: Is this fenced, is this a fenced area? 079: Generally in my {D: in my attention} it would be, on a farm. There'd be a fence around, an enclosure generally around a barn, I believe. Interviewer: What do you call a building you use to store corn? 079: Crib. Interviewer: And what is the upper part of the barn called? 079: The loft. Interviewer: Alright. Can you describe what a loft looks like? 079: It is um generally floored with rough planking and not uh sealed or anything overhead just the rafters showing. And the sloped roof of course is sloping. Interviewer: What about openings? 079: Um let me see generally at the front and back there would be uh uh maybe a door that opened the hay could be brought through or something like that. And big barns might have uh windows along the side. Interviewer: What do you call the object that's formed when hay is mowed and then dragged together its formed into what? 079: Hay haystacks sometimes and it is mound is that what hay mound, is that the right word for that? I think I'd just say its in s see the haystacks I think I'd say. Interviewer: It, does the word change at all according to the size of it? If if it were very small ones, would you call them something different? 079: Well now I did be say hay is that what we're talking about? Uh, it depends on uh have we got one of these modern machines goes along makes it up in a bale as it goes? {NW} That'd be smart {C: laughing}. Interviewer: Well we'll assume a little more primitive method 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 079: I get they were working for a small a small stack of hay. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, but you don't think they're more 079: No now what have you got in mind? Interviewer: #1 Well um # 079: #2 I'll tell you # If I ever heard it. Interviewer: Well not really, but have you heard of ever heard of haycock? 079: I've heard that {X} but it's not in my vocabulary. I wouldn't use it. I haven't seen it enough in print. I I I uh maybe remember sometimes seeing it, but it's not common to me at all. Interviewer: Alright. Uh what do you call the places if there's more than one where hay is stored in a barn? 079: Hayloft. Generally, I guess? About the only thing I can think of. {NW} Interviewer: Alright. What do you call a shelter for cows? 079: Other than a barn or Interviewer: #1 Other than the # 079: #2 stable? # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 079: #2 the barn. # Cow pen sometimes, where you have a cow enclosed or something. Um course now you're not thinking of a dairy? Interviewer: No but now are there separate barns sometimes where cows are kept? 079: I suppose so. If anybody had even been having enough to get there which is had several cows. But I don't think about anything but just a barn. Interviewer: Is there a special measure for a building where cows would be taken to be milked? 079: Cattle shed maybe? No. Cow barn is sometimes a term cow is put in front of barn. That's all I can think of. Interviewer: Alright. Uh do you know of any equipment that's used in milking cows? 079: {NW} I'm not much a farmer {C:laughing} {NW} Yeah, you use your hands {C:laughing} I used to could milk {C:laughing} Using both my hands. Interviewer: Well it's beautiful equipment. 079: And of course they have milkin-milking machines. Interviewer: Alright. What is um the animal that is raised on a farm for pork? 079: Hog. Interviewer: And what's the enclosure where they are? 079: A pigsty or pigpen. Interviewer: What about a farm and I think perhaps you mentioned this a minute ago that keeps cows for 079: #1 Yeah. Dairy. # Interviewer: #2 milking purposes? # And do you know w-what do you think of when you say dairy do you think of what I just said or? 079: I if you say somebody runs a dairy I think of a big barn and the cows and equipment that they'd have and the cream separators and whatnot. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Now do you make a distinction between the dairy as a dairy farm and the dairy as the people who who deliver milk? 079: Yes, today they'd be at the station there are some dairies that are just they're they're just organization of the cows, the milking and that. It's not part of a farm or anything. There are some dairies that its a man who owns a farm and has a large number of cows and sells the milk. And in a way you'd think about it in a little different connection. One is a completely just a commercial enterprise for the selling of milk and the other is part of a farm. Interviewer: But you'd probably refer to them both as #1 dairies? # 079: #2 Yes # I'd expect so, that farmer runs a dairy. We'd say. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And just the 079: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 context # 079: #1 Yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 the context would really take # 079: Tell you which you mean. Interviewer: Alright. What do you call the weed that's grown and chopped up to put in be put inside cigarettes? 079: Tobacco. Interviewer: And what do you call the area where there is grown? 079: #1 {D: The field} # Interviewer: #2 The full area # 079: #1 Um. # Interviewer: #2 where it's grown. # 079: Let me see, something other than a field. Tobacco I don't believe that word's comes to me now. Interviewer: Alright. 079: N-n-now {C: laughing} tell me what you had in mind and see what Interviewer: Uh how about patch? 079: No, I'd say a cotton patch but I wouldn't say a tobacco #1 patch. # Interviewer: #2 You wouldn't? # 079: Uh well no I-I-I don't and people may say it t-the field where tobacco is raised but I wouldn't uh I'd just say look at that field of tobacco out there. Interviewer: #1 Alright. Is there # 079: #2 {D: I don't think I had anything else turn up} # Interviewer: something beside cotton that you would use in 079: #1 Patch. # Interviewer: #2 r-refer # 079: Yes, corn patch. We'd speak of a corn patch. And a cotton patch. But I don't believe anything else. Has the word patch Interviewer: Does patch mean size really? Do you determine 079: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 patch by how big the free area is? # 079: Yes, perhaps if there was a great big field of cotton we wouldn't say a cotton patch. Uh, or a great big field of corn. I believe it's, it tends to be a smaller area. Interviewer: Do you have any other descriptions for fields 079: #1 Now but one thing I thought of another kind of patch. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: A briar patch. Born and bred in a briar patch. Interviewer: Oh. 079: {NW} Interviewer: Brer rabbit. 079: Yeah yeah. Uh any other term for #1 field did you say? # Interviewer: #2 any other # terms that you might use for fields to distinguish their size from one another. 079: Well let me think. There are things I've read, on some big farms, they'd speak of a quarter section of something that they had in in cotton or corn. Great big farms in the west where they had great big areas of cotton. Uh and where it's laid off in sections and quarter sections, but it's not here in this area. So I guess I'd just say a large field. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Would you name as many different kinds of fences that you can think of? According to their construct 079: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 the material used to build. # 079: old time rail fence. And uh wire fence, of course we can include a lot of different kinds of wire fences. And then the kinds of fences that used to have round everybody's yard called a picket fence. That was in town, that wasn't in the country. And then just the plain old board fence that's planks, but not of not of what's that first one I said? Not a ra- not a rail fence {C: laughing} No, they've got lots logs going this way and that way. Interviewer: Right. 079: I guess that's, uh. Interviewer: What would you call a fence around an area where you grew vegetables? 079: Well now let me see, oh you thinking about a garden fence? Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And what do you call the upright lumber between which you string the wire? 079: The post. Interviewer: #1 And you # 079: #2 Fencepost # would be my way of saying of that. Interviewer: Alright. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh is there are there synonyms for rail fences that you think of? 079: Uh now there's something else we call it beside a rail fence seems to me look at that old {NW} can't think of anything but rail. It seems to me that there is another word, do you have another word in mind? Interviewer: No, not really. 079: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Is there are there different ty- constructions of rail fences? #1 The way they're put together? # 079: #2 Well not not in my mind. # #1 The rail fence is the logs you know laid # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 079: this way and that way and this way and that way with no nails having to hold 'em. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: But there's no other way that they could be put together that you think of? 079: Not that I would think of as I speak of a rail fence that's what I'd mean that one's just laid up that way. Interviewer: Alright. Now, I think maybe we're getting into something that is easier for you. 079: {NW} I know a little bit more about {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 Kitchen type terms that # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 men generally know more about farms, and women more about # 079: #2 Yeah. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: and men could certainly be bewildered 079: #1 Yes I'd expect so. # Interviewer: #2 by that kitchen terms. # 079: {NW} Interviewer: If you were trying to distinguish for someone the two types of dishes that you had 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You would have company dishes of course. 079: Yeah. Interviewer: And your everyday dishes. You're referring to your company dishes, you might say my 079: Good china. Interviewer: And what do you call the round, usually white object that you would put in a hen's nest to urge her to get with it 079: #1 and lay. # Interviewer: #2 Um. # 079: You call 'em nest eggs? China eggs? We used to have 'em. I think we spoke co- spoke of 'em as china eggs. Interviewer: Alright. What do you call 079: I'd forgotten about them, I hadn't thought of them in years and years and years and years {C: laughing} I was supposed to encourage her to lay right? {C: laughing} Interviewer: Well it's supposed to make them think 079: #1 One egg all day long. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Power of positive 079: #1 That's right. That's right. # Interviewer: #2 thinking. # Do they still use those at all? 079: I expect so. Interviewer: #1 Some people I'm sure # 079: #2 I expect so people that raise # the layers, you know hens for eggs, I expect they do. {NW} Interviewer: And do they use the same thing for darning, or was that a different sort of 079: A darning egg. That was a smooth sort of a thing, it wasn't um well now Mama had a little gourd that was so smooth she used for a darning egg as we called it. But you bought them uh but they weren't like an egg that you put in the nest the white china eggs, they were generally Hmm sometimes they were on a little handle and you held the little handle Interviewer: #1 Oh I see. # 079: #2 And pull the # stocking down over it and you have it in your hand there people don't darn stockings anymore, do they? Interviewer: No they don't. 079: #1 Yeah, Mama could # Interviewer: #2 I think my mother is the last of the darners. # 079: darn so pretty. Interviewer: #1 Mother taught me how though # 079: #2 Yes # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 Yeah yeah. # Interviewer: What do you call the utensil that you use to bring water in from a well? 079: Bucket. Now some people call that a not a poke that's for a sack isn't it? I think I have to use another term for bucket that some people in the country use. Course when you say pail in some areas. Interviewer: Does this make a difference, are they synonyms or? 079: Well I did would never use the word pail uh I would use bucket. And bucket would be any fair sized container to bring water in. Carry water in. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And where would you put in what sort of container would you put the food scraps that you had left from a meal? 079: I would call that my garbage can. Interviewer: What do you call the utensil that's put on the stove uh and you usually melt grease in it and put something 079: #1 Skillet. # Interviewer: #2 in it? # A-huh. And it's another name 079: Frying pan. Interviewer: Alright. What do you call a heavy iron pot that's used or had been used on a stove to boil water? 079: Well we used to speak of, now people up north call it a kettle, but we called it, in the valley we called it a pot. Because my mother spoke of a kettle she didn't call it pot, she called it an iron kettle. The big black ones you would use to boil beans in when we were children, to Mama that was an iron kettle. But to our neighbors it was a pot. Interviewer: Now is this different from the small things that we call tea kettles? 079: Yeah, yes. Interviewer: #1 Now how do you # 079: #2 Yeah now # you probably never saw a kettle honey Interviewer: #1 No, I never have. # 079: #2 like I'm talking about. # Well they were they were about this big around and about this tall and they were black just like a black skillet. Now you've seen a black skillet. Iron skillet. Well that's what they were. They were iron pots and Mama cooked all her vegetables in those iron kettles. She called it we called it an iron pot. Interviewer: Did they cook it somewhat, I had 079: #1 Oh they cooked it for hours # Interviewer: #2 {D: whole skillets} # 079: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh um. # M-my mother's old iron skillets cook better than #1 anything. # 079: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 Do kettles cook that well? # 079: #2 and an I didn't # {D: have string beans cook in one of those little iron pots were good} cooks 'em about three hours, it ought to be Interviewer: Yeah I imagine so. what did you season them with? {NW} 079: Salt pork uh uh now that's the term that varies in different areas uh mama called it bulk meat. B-U-L-K bulk meat. That was in Ohio. Uh people in this area whom we knew when we were growing up called it fat back or side meat or boiling meat, they call it boiling meat a lot of times Now I never called it boiling meat but a lot of people would. Interviewer: #1 And they're all the same? # 079: #2 See my my # Yeah. Uh-huh. My language is a mixture of things that mama said coming from Ohio and things that Papa said and that she picked up here you see. Course we've lived here always, we were born here, but still we had a friend, I think I told you seven years ago who would uh laugh at some of the things we said because it was strange to him because it was some of Mama's expressions that we didn't even realize we were using differently from anybody else. Interviewer: Where is your father from? 079: He was born here in New Orleans. See we're second generation {X} and now his people came from Carolina. And uh so we're southern Interviewer: #1 How did he where did # 079: #2 all through on that # Interviewer: he and your mother meet? 079: Uh Interviewer: #1 Did she come here # 079: #2 Pap- Mama had come # Mama lived up in Ohio and she had come south to trim, she wanted to come south and one reason she was felt maybe the climate would be good for her brother who was sick. But he never did come. But she came south and she was a milliner she had been trained at the wholesale uh house in Cincinnati she lived in Columbus, Ohio. And it was a regular trade that young women learned then because every store every millinery store you know you remember stores that didn't sell anything but hats. But it the town {D: staggered on} {C: may be the name of a town but I can't understand it} had four or five good millinery stores. Didn't sell them in department stores, sold them in millinery stores. and every spring and fall they got a trimmer to come in and trim up a whole lotta hats somebody who really knew the skill of the trade, and Mama knew it because she'd been trained in it. And so she came south to trim and she did boarded down here at the hotel which stood where the florist is now you know the hotel and Papa was boarding there because his mother had died and the family had broken up and he so he was boarding there that's where they met just within a stone's throw right out our back door here is where they met. And uh so we had do have as I say a lotta I would notice some things about our language that somebody that whose both of whose parents had always lived here wouldn't Interviewer: #1 That's right. # 079: #2 think of that, you see? # See I I know that bulk meat if I went into a store and asked for bulk meat they might not know what I meant. Interviewer: Oh I don't 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 think so. # 079: And to me bulk meat is bulk meat its salt pork, its fat back, its volume meat {C: laughing} You see you have a number of different ways of calling it. Interviewer: What do you call a glass container that you would put flowers in? 079: Vase. Interviewer: And when you sit down at the dinner table you will have three utensils to eat with. 079: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 {D: Would you like to tell} # 079: #2 Knife, fork, and spoon. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And if you had two of the sharp utensils they would be? 079: Oh you mean two knives? Or were you thinking about two forks? Uh-huh two knives. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: After you work in a barn it's necessary that you do something to your hands before you eat. 079: That you wash your hands. Interviewer: Uh what uh can you summarize for me the activities that would follow having a large dinner uh the cleaning up process. 079: Yes, I would say we'd clear the table first and then we would uh scrape the dishes and um put the scraps in our pail our garbage pail covered container, and then we'd put 'em in the dishwasher today. {C: laughing} Years ago we would get out the uh dish pail full of hot soapy water and then washed 'em and rinsed 'em. And then we spoke of drying them, putting them away and um any other terms that? Interviewer: #1 No, that's that's just fine. If um # 079: #2 {D: Alright cause if} # Interviewer: you wanted to say that she um I washed 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 the dishes # and she 079: #1 Dried them. Wiped them? # Interviewer: #2 Not dries them but the next # Uh no. 079: Oh. Interviewer: Usually the same person does this but 079: Rinse. Interviewer: #1 Yes, she would # 079: #2 Yeah. # #1 Rinse them. She rinsed them. # Interviewer: #2 she # Uh present tense. 079: She will rinse rinse them. I rinse the dishes after I wash them. Interviewer: Alright. Uh would you give me some terms for the equipment that you would use to clean dishes uh pieces of cloth or 079: #1 I would speak of the dishcloth square # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: or a sponge that I might have, a sponge. And the tea towel or dish towel to dry them. Dish pan, to wash 'em in if I don't have a dishwasher {NW} {C:laughter} Interviewer: Any um hard objects that you might use? 079: {D: Nothing in particular} Interviewer: To help get the uh 079: #1 Oh like like a scraper # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: of some kind? Interviewer: Yes. 079: #1 Yeah yeah yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 If you were doing them by hand # 079: #1 Might have a # Interviewer: #2 which you might # When when you were growing up did you have anything of the sort of of scraping to help get the 079: #1 I don't # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: remember that. Now today we have to scrape a pan or anything we have a little soap pad Interviewer: #1 yes # 079: #2 you know # Things of that sort. Interviewer: I wondered if you had anything 079: We didn't grow up with those. Good old octagon soap was our standard Interviewer: Yes. My mother washed clothes with octagon soap 079: #1 Octagon soap # Interviewer: #2 so for # 079: #1 {D: would fix those} # Interviewer: #2 years would # 079: #1 {D: And I had a friend who} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: used it for her face and she had the most beautiful complexion Interviewer: #1 Really? # 079: #2 there ever was. # She loved that strong octagon soap for her face. Interviewer: #1 So what her skin didn't fall off? # 079: #2 Oh soft as it could be. # Interviewer: Oh. 079: Yeah, but it all of which goes to show all of these commercials don't mean a thing Interviewer: That's right, absolutely. Would you name as many different kinds of towels that you can think of? 079: Well, I would have bath towel a hand towel a tea towel a guest towel did I say a dish towel? Interviewer: Mm I think so. 079: Mm-hmm. Huh that's all I can think of. Interviewer: Alright. What would you call the handles that you would turn to make water come out. 079: Faucet. Interviewer: And the part that the water came out of? 079: If I were gonna measure that I'd call it a spigot. Interviewer: Alright. We are talking about the word burst. Today the water pipe 079: Today the water pipe burst. Interviewer: Yesterday a different one 079: Burst. Interviewer: And several of them this winter have 079: Had burst. Interviewer: What is the wooden container that's used for example to store flour in large #1 lots? # 079: #2 Bin # maybe? Interviewer: Uh well I'm thinking 079: #1 Or a # Interviewer: #2 maybe of # a round uh container. 079: I don't know what you'd call {NW} Interviewer: I I don't think you'd have them in your home but I think probably they would store them would have stored flour this way in a general store. 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Uh.It's wooden # 079: #1 Uh now was it, # Interviewer: #2 with iron rings. # 079: were they in barrels? Flour barrels, yes you spoke of the flour barrel, didn't you? You know it's been years since you've seen a barrel, it's been years since I've seen a bucket except our mop bucket. {NW} But a regular bucket like you used to see so much just practically cylindrical Um So many things came in it in buckets when we were children. But you don't use buckets today. Uh the nearest to it is a container of Crisco or something, it's not a bucket anymore used to have a handle on it, you know. Interviewer: That's right. I hadn't 079: #1 Yeah? A lot of things changed. # Interviewer: #2 thought about it in that. {X} # 079: that we don't got that good plastic topping on it no. Interviewer: That hasn't that's been around for 079: #1 Yeah. Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 a while. That hasn't # changed just 079: #1 {D: No, not this not not just right lately hmm.} # Interviewer: #2 recent, very recent. # The bucket you were saying uh the kind I have are galvanized. 079: Yeah, but {X} yeah. Interviewer: It's the sides that 079: #1 S- sides # Interviewer: #2 {D: were uh} # 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 # 079: #1 But a lot of things used to be in buckets about this big around and about that tall # Interviewer: #2 {D: Now, there were buckets in} # 079: and they were brass looking gold looking, or brass looking on the inside and I don't know what came in 'em, or why we always had to have a bucket around but we did. Now those buckets have just practically gone out. Interviewer: That's right. 079: Just like barrels have. Modern child toddler never seen a wooden barrel with wouldn't know what barrel staves were or anything. Interviewer: That's right. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What would you call a small barrel for example that you might keep nails in? 079: Keg. Interviewer: And what would you call I believe they were metal containers that a general store would've kept molasses or lard in? 079: Well let's think hmm. A syrup a molasses Well that would be Interviewer: I think of it in terms of lard. My mother 079: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 had some and she called 'em lard # 079: #1 Lard. # Interviewer: #2 somethings. # 079: Well I can't think, now different kinds of lard used to come in buckets. Um {D: Cothelene} and stuff like that was before you was born {NW} {C: laughter} Oh. Uh I don't know what you're getting at, I don't believe {X} Interviewer: Alright, well have you heard of lard stands? 079: What now? Interviewer: Lard stands. 079: Stand? No. Now the word stand it doesn't mean a thing to me in that position. Now I can use it in a connection that you probably don't know and this may be northern uh do you ever call a little table a stand? Well now Mama would say bring that little stand out in the room Interviewer: I think somebody in my family does 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 that # 079: {X} {D: might have might've been handed down to them somewhere} Interviewer: Well mother got some metal containers with lids that pushed down very hard 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: On them they were seal- almost sealed. They were about so high 079: {NW} Interviewer: #1 And about so big around. And she called 'em lard stands. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And she called 'em lard stands. 079: S-T-A-N-D? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: No that's not in my vocabulary or experience at all that wouldn't mean a thing to me. Interviewer: If you had some liquid that you wanted to transfer from one bottle to another and one of the bottles had a very narrow neck, you might put something in it? 079: A little funnel. Interviewer: And what is the leather implement that you use, you might crack it to make a horse go faster. 079: A whip? Interviewer: And what would you say if you wanted to use this word in referring to giving a child a spanking? 079: I would say give him a whipping. {NW} Interviewer: Do you do you really use this very much as a verb um, for a child? 079: I think it is used you hear parents or someone say if you do that I'll whip you. And sometimes I say to my boys and they say uh they're not going to do so "what'd you do to me if I don't?" I said I'd just whip you. That's just for fun you know, but uh yeah its its common enough usage. Interviewer: Alright. What is the material that a bag or a sack that's not cloth is made of? 079: Uh leather #1 perhaps? You thinking of a pocketbook as a sack or a bag like that? A grocery. # Interviewer: #2 No, I'm thinking of it like a grocery sack. # 079: Well if it's not paper? Interviewer: That's it. 079: Well we have a good many of cellophane today. You thinking of that? Interviewer: No, paper was just fine. 079: What? Cause I remember when you said paper I got Oh and one thing about that whipping and spanking, Mama never would say that she'd whipped us. She'd spanked us when we were little but she didn't whip us, she didn't like that term. Interviewer: I was wondering about 079: #1 Uh huh. # Interviewer: #2 that distinction, if people made that # 079: #1 Yeah, there is a distinction there I think. # Interviewer: #2 distinction. # Uh what is the term if if you think of one for a very heavy cloth sack? 079: {NW} Burlap sack? Or a tow sack? Or um I can't think of anything else. Interviewer: Alright. What do you call, is there a term that you use for the amount of say corn that you would mill at one time or that you would take to the mill at one time? 079: I don't think of anything but a load of corn. Take a load of corn to the mill. Or a load of cotton. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a turn of corn? 079: No, I had never heard that term. Interviewer: Alright. 079: Maybe called that on the farm, around here maybe, but I never heard that. Interviewer: Alright. Uh is there a term that you think of to refer to a partial load of say wood or coal? The point being that it's a partial load rather than a #1 full load? # 079: #2 No # I don't think of any one word. Wh-what do you have in mind? Interviewer: {NW} 079: Well if you have anything in mind I'd like to know if I can tell ya whether I ever heard it or used it though I might not bring it to mind with just your asking me. Interviewer: Alright. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What would you call the amount of wood that you could carry at one time uh by hand? You might say I have a? 079: Well we always said a load of, we're bringing in a load of wood, we'd say. Now somebody else may have some other terminology for that but that's all we would've used and when we were children you brought in a load of wood very often cause you had to fill up the wood box cause you cooked with it, you see. Interviewer: Did you use the word load rather than say armload? 079: Yes. We'd just say a load. How many loads of wood did you bring in we'd say. Interviewer: {NW} You kept track of each 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 other. # 079: Oh yes we worked hard to get the lo- wood the wood all in before Papa came home so he'd be proud of us. {NW} Interviewer: What do you call the implement that is usually now made of plastic but could be made of wicker that you would for example put your clothes in when you brought 079: #1 Hamper. # Interviewer: #2 them off a line. # 079: A hamper. Well a hamper or a clothes basket. Interviewer: What were the metal or bone round objects that were put usually in petticoats in plantation days 079: #1 Hoops. Hoops yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {D: southern girls wore them} # And can you tell me some terms for bottle stoppers? 079: Cork and {D: I don't think} I don't know if I'd know of any other one that I'd use. Well a screw top or something on some of these bottles that have a screw top. Interviewer: Alright. What is the musical instrument that is played by breathing in and out and moving the instruments across your mouth? 079: Now is that a flute? Or Interviewer: More of a country, Johnny Cash plays one. 079: Um. Interviewer: It's the with his guitar. 079: I can't think which one would say Interviewer: It has its a flat 079: Not a mouth organ, not a uh harmonica? Interviewer: That's 079: The harmonica? That's more what you had in mind. Interviewer: Do you think of any other words that are used for it? 079: Um. It seems like there's something else. Now a Jew's harp's a different thing, it's a twangy little thing that you play. Sometimes people will call a harmonica a Jew's harp but it's not. Interviewer: I think that's 079: #1 Uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 what they took away from what we were thinking. # 079: #1 {D: I don't think of any other term, or sometimes} # Interviewer: #2 Some people might would use the # Have you ever heard of of of it being called a French Harp? 079: French Harp? Yes, I have heard it called that, but that I don't expect I'd call it that, but I'd know what you mean. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you is that uh would you say Southern rural Georgia type usage? Or would you have heard it from somewhere else do you think? 079: A French Harp. I don't believe that's in too common usage. But if I went in the store and wanted one I think I'd say a harmonica. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What is the instrument that you use to drive nails? 079: Hammer. Interviewer: And can you name me as many parts of a wagon as you can think of? 079: Well let me see there's the uh the bed you speak of it the p-part th-th that holds the stuff. The springs, the wheels the tongue that goes out that you hitch the mules to the seat um the hmm something else I'm trying to think of. Piece there down underneath. It's been some time since I've seen many wagons. {NW} That's about all I can think of right off. {C: laughing} Interviewer: What do you call in a buggy the two pieces that stick out in front 079: #1 The uh. Put # Interviewer: #2 that you put the horse in between? # 079: the horse between the my gosh have I forgotten that? How many the times have I hitched up. I can't think Interviewer: Chains? 079: W-w Well yes, of course. {D: Couldn't have thought about that if I'd had to} Interviewer: What is the uh have you ever heard of the whippletree? 079: Whistle tr- Whippletree? Interviewer: Whipple. Whippletree, that's what I was trying to think of is a whiffle, which is 079: #1 whipple- I believe, whippletree. # Interviewer: #2 I'm # 079: that is something in the buggy that maybe the thing the {D: chaffs} are fastened onto, I believe that gives I'm not Interviewer: I don't 079: Kind of forgetting about my horse and buggy now I drove one back around 1918, but that's been some time ago {NW} {C:laughter} We had an old white horse kinda surly Interviewer: Uh what do you call the outside part of the wheel on a wagon? The 079: The rim I guess you'd just call it the rim. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh is do you remember the wooden part that was inside of the rim? 079: That was inside the rim? Now let's think a minute. I don't, can't think of a term for that, I may have known it as a child, the spokes of the wheel and the axle But I don't think of what you Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a {D: Fiery} 079: {D: Fiery?} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: No. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 Is that a term # No, that was never used around me as as a child and we as I said always had either a buggy or a carriage now we, we had a wagon when we lived in one town in the country for about a year and a half. Interviewer: Alright. Can you think of some terms that are used for the process of hauling wood or or hauling anything? 079: Like a {D: draid} Interviewer: Well maybe 079: #1 {D: Hauling anything draid} # Interviewer: #2 the process of hauling? # Some synonyms maybe for hauling? 079: Well let me see. Now uh in town moving things transfer probably or something like that something like that. But I can't think of what you trying to get at honey. Interviewer: Alright. 079: To haul any to haul some lumber one place to another. I just say haul. Now a-anytime that you want to suggest a word I'll Interviewer: #1 I-I will. # 079: #2 tell you whether its common usage or not. # Even if I-I can't think of it it still might be something that as a child I heard a lot, ya know? Interviewer: Alright. Uh now we're gonna talk about another word. Drag. 079: Drag? I will drag it now and I dragged it yesterday and I have dragged it many times. Now some people say drug or something, but that's not a. Interviewer: And today I am going to? 079: Still talking about drag? So I'll drag it. {NW} {C: laughter} Interviewer: I'll just give you the word and you give me the principal parts. 079: Yeah {C: laughing} Interviewer: What is the instrument that's used in a farm to turn soil? 079: Plow. Interviewer: And do you know of any different kinds of plows? 079: Well of course there are Some of 'em are hand plows they're the little hand instruments that people have that they can push. And then there's of course a plow that you drive uh hitch a mule or a horse to and of course {D: gotta account for} plows, but I don't think of another name, maybe I should but I'm thinking. Interviewer: Alright. Um what is an implement that's used to break up clods? 079: Well huh let me think. A hoe would be used for that some. Interviewer: #1 One that maybe # 079: #2 A pick # Interviewer: a horse might pull. 079: The horse? Uh uh wait a harrow. Interviewer: Alright. Do you think of a term that could be used in the process of sawing wood for what you would put say on if you had a a tree with the branches taken off? One long 079: Big log, uh-huh. Interviewer: Alright if you wanted to saw this into sections, you might put it on something. 079: Well you thinking about sawhorses? Uh wait you oh you know what they are right? Wooden, wooden things that you put something across on. Um I don't think. That's something you'd put it on. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. Can you think of # 079: #2 when you're ready to saw. # Interviewer: anything on a farm particularly that might be used? 079: Well I don't know if I can think of what you're getting at. Interviewer: Do you think of any kind of frame? 079: Anything but the word frame? Mm no well it nothing there that's for me to remember. Interviewer: Does either A frame or X frame 079: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 mean anything? # 079: That doesn't mean anything to me. Interviewer: Alright. In the morning when you get up uh you may comb your hair but then you have another #1 instrument # 079: #2 Brush. # Interviewer: Alright. If you say that you are going to go through this process, you might say I'm going to? 079: I'm going to comb my hair or brush my hair I'm gonna fix my hair. Uh you used to you put up your hair. {NW} Interviewer: I'm glad we don't do that 079: #1 Uh yeah {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #2 anymore. # I'd imagine some of the girls now though 079: #1 Yeah they are # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 079: #1 {D: they've got lots of} # Interviewer: #2 something to go through, right? # 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: When you are using a rifle and you have shot a rifle 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: then you eject something. #1 The lead # 079: #2 Cartridge. # Interviewer: Alright. 079: {D: But I know about it} {D: Right but there's purely reading to see how bad it} Oh and I have never handled a firearm in my life. Interviewer: My father wanted me to learn. #1 {X} # 079: #2 Well I think it's smart for people to # but we never kept I think at one time Papa had some kind of a pistol or something Mama made him get rid of it. She said more people been killed by having one around than had been saved by having one around and I expect that's the truth. The lawyers killed out here at home yesterday. Interviewer: Really? 079: He and his brother, little brother were playing with a gun. Interviewer: Oh no. 079: #1 Why the children had it # Interviewer: #2 How old were they? # 079: Ten or twelve. Maybe eight or ten, I'm not sure just how old the boys #1 about ten or # Interviewer: #2 A pistol or? # 079: Uh what now? Interviewer: A pistol or? 079: I don't know what it was, it was it was they spoke of a gun children were playing with a gun, now guns are wide widely used term. Interviewer: Should never have 079: Mm. Interviewer: a gun around like that. Particularly loaded or 079: #1 No, no. # Interviewer: #2 a way they can load it. # What is the construction that children make sometimes by perhaps using the sawhorse and a board and putting the board #1 across # 079: #2 A playhouse? # Interviewer: Uh no, you put the board across the sawhorse and one gets on one end 079: Oh a seesaw. I thought you were building something. {NW} Interviewer: Well I did say construction. Uh when the children are on the seesaw, you say they are? 079: Seesawing. Interviewer: Uh can you think of any homemade play things that you had when you were a child? 079: Papa made us a seesaw and he made us a flying jenny. Interviewer: What do you call a flying, how'd you make a #1 flying Jenny? # 079: #2 Well # It wouldn't fly when you see it at the fair or anything but he put a post in the ground, and then he had a pla- a nice a nice plank, smooth plank and he had a hole and a deep {D:boat and everything} and each end of that he fi- had a little uh seat fixed sort of a handle across you could hold, a place we could sit and it would turn, he had it so that it'd turn around easily and you'd somebody'd get in there and push you, don't know and you just go around it's more fun. Interviewer: {NW} 079: Papa made anything he made us a playhouse one time, uh he had a woodshed and he decided he'd uh build another woodshed and give us that building for a playhouse. So he papered the walls and he made us furniture our grandfather helped him, he's a Interviewer: #1 He was handy # 079: #2 he was a cabinet, oh yeah. # Grandpa was a cabinet maker by trade. Interviewer: #1 Oh really? # 079: #2 A cabinet maker. # That was my mama's father he had a buggy company in Sundale, Ohio {NW} when she was a little girl and made buggies and uh so he was uh a fine cabinet maker, he could make all kinds of things I don't know if I've got anything around that he made but uh he'd make tables like that and uh things he was just very skilled at that and they made us doll furniture and you know we had a good time. {NW} Interviewer: Mm. {D: That's well} How many children were there? 079: Three of us. Three sisters. Interviewer: #1 Three sisters? # 079: #2 Uh-huh. And it just # uh well I my Louise is oldest, she's a year and a half older than me and I'm two years older than Ruth so see we were close #1 together. # Interviewer: #2 Oh yes. # 079: #1 And we did everything together, and still do. # Interviewer: #2 And being girls # 079: #1 Yeah, do everything yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Well yeah, I guess so. # Being girls, that really worked that really worked out. It made it nice cause we certainly did enjoy playing together. #1 Oh that's wonderful # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #1 All # 079: #2 {D: And she didn't play annoying during those days like they do today.} # Cause they didn't have TV and they didn't have as many other things, outside things, to amuse 'em. And you played, you made up things that you played yourself. You played dolls and you played cowboys and you played Indians and you played this and you played that. Interviewer: Do you think they were more creative #1 then than what they do # 079: #2 yes, I think they was # I believe they was. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did you have very many ball t-toys? 079: Well we always did, had nice things we got at Christmas and all of that. Mom and Pop couldn't afford three doll carriages so we had one pretty doll carriage and we all played with it. {NS} And uh Interviewer: Did you have any trouble, did you share that? 079: Yeah, we were right good I guess we were {NS} {tape error} Auxilary: We get the volume up, you wanna have the volume up so it Interviewer: {NW} Now how if- if you were saying to someone, "he ought to do this" but then you wanted to negate that, how would you go about? 079: He ought not to. Interviewer: Alright. If someone asked you, "would you do that?" You might say no I 079: Will not or I cannot. I ought not to. Interviewer: Or just if you wanted to use a contraction for will not? 079: Uh I won't. Interviewer: Alright. And if you wanna say "can you help me?" you might say well I 079: Might. I may be able to. Interviewer: Alright. Uh what sort of owls are there in we saw one in the parking lot in our very first visit here. Uh what sort are there in this community? You told me that kind of you never saw very many around. 079: {NW} You're talking about O-W-L an owl? Interviewer: Yes, an owl. 079: Uh I've heard of hoot owls and I can't think of any other word {D: in connection} with 'em. We don't ever I don't know when I've ever seen an owl. And you saw one out in the parking lot that first day. Interviewer: Giant. 079: Mm-hmm. {D: Barely several feet} Interviewer: Surely someone had a good card and 079: #1 Must have, must have cause they just aren't # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: common to this area at all. Interviewer: Well it was certainly big 079: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: It's just quite a surprise. What is the what do you think of a hoot owl as looking like? 079: Well You could just describe an owl as a bird that has a rather large head and Interviewer: Well maybe I ought to ask you if do you think of them being a particular size or color? 079: Yes, a fairly good sized bird by that I mean oh a foot not a foot tall, but about eight to ten inches? And brown, shades of brown. Interviewer: Uh, have you ever heard of screech owls? 079: Yeah, I've heard of that but I think they're kinda Interviewer: Now do you think of it as being smaller, larger, different 079: #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 colors? # 079: whether it uh I never saw a screech owl so I just don't know {NW} {X}. Interviewer: What is the bird that you'll see in on the tree frequently sort of pecking on the tree with his 079: Woodpecker? Interviewer: Alright. Uh and the animal that you sort of stay away from because he has the power to give off a very unpleasant 079: A skunk? Interviewer: Uh do you know some other words? 079: Polecat. Interviewer: Alright. Are there are these the same thing? 079: As far as I know they're exactly the same. Interviewer: Alright. You ever heard of a civet cat? 079: No, don't believe so. Interviewer: {D: In that relationship?} 079: No, uh-uh. Interviewer: Alright. Uh is there something that you would, a word that you might use for any kind of animal that you just wouldn't want around your house? That you ju- you might say um 079: Well there's pest. {D: I can't think of anything but that} #1 Um. # Interviewer: #2 Sort of # that sort of type word, but usually you think of it perhaps you might think of it as being more of an animal nature. 079: #1 Mm-hmm. Yeah, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Pest could go over insects is the} # 079: No I can't think of what word you've had in mind. Now if you want to say a word I'll tell you whether its common to me or not. Interviewer: {NW} 079: I can't think of what Interviewer: Do you ever use the word varmint? 079: No, I that I would never think of that. Though I- I would know exactly what it meant if I read it somewhere. Think of might've been rats and mice and things like that would come under that term mind you, wouldn't they? But I wouldn't use the word, I don't expect. Interviewer: Alright. Uh what are the little animals that you find living in trees and gathering nuts? 079: Squirrels. Interviewer: Alright. Are there a different color 079: #1 Yes, we've got a white one out at school. # Interviewer: #2 for squirrels? # Hey. 079: Mostly they gray, but every once in a while I'll go out and say "see that white squirrel out there?" Now that's an albino squirrel. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Hmm. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do we have any red squirrels in this area? 079: Not in this area I don't suppose cause I've never seen one of them in the wild. But there are red squirrels. Interviewer: The ones we see mostly are gray? 079: #1 {D: They they look really} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. Uh-huh. # 079: And once in a while we'd see one running down. Saw one run across the street just the other day. Interviewer: Oh yes, I've seen them. 079: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I've been driving around Rome, uh a little animal that is found living I think in the ground, but I'm not sure that is akin to a squirrel and has little stripes on its back? 079: Now that's a chipmunk? Interviewer: #1 That's what I'm thinking. I don't know, do they live in the ground? # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # I believe that Interviewer: #1 I'm not sure. # 079: #2 they do. # And you know squirrels didn't used to be common in town at all cause we'd ride out to the Berry school when we were children to see squirrels. Interviewer: Would you? 079: Mm-hmm. You couldn't see 'em in town. {X} Interviewer: Uh do you know of any synonyms for chipmunk? 079: Chipmunk. No, I really don't. Interviewer: Alright. Uh {NW} The kind of shellfish that we're told we're only supposed to eat in months that have an R 079: Oyster. Interviewer: Alright. Say it, would you say it one more time? 079: The kind of shellfish that we eat only in months that have R in the spelling are oysters. Interviewer: {NW} That was very complete. Uh the little amphibian that lives pr-probably in the side of a pond, it croaks a lot is called a? 079: Frog. Interviewer: Alright. Are there different kinds of frogs? 079: Bullfrog, and we use the term "toadfrog" when I don't know that we should. I think a toad and a frog are the same. I guess. Interviewer: Uh is a bullfrog a kind of frog? 079: Larger one. Interviewer: Oh larger? 079: It's a male, I believe, isn't it? Didn't the term "bullfrog" just apply to a male or not? I'm not positive but Interviewer: #1 I'm not positive either. # 079: #2 I believe it is. # Interviewer: Uh what about rain frogs? Have you heard of this? 079: It seems to me I've heard that uh term. Interviewer: Or peepers? 079: Yes, mm-hmm. Interviewer: Does this mean a 079: #1 Now I don't know if a peeper # Interviewer: #2 frog to you? # 079: is a frog or not. I don't know about that, I wouldn't be sure. Interviewer: Alright. What about um you were saying that you weren't sure whether a toad and a frog 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: were the same or not. What about a tree toad? Is this some kind of? 079: I don't know whether that is any different from a frog that hops along on the ground or not. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh what are the little slimy creatures that people 079: #1 Snake? # Interviewer: #2 use to go fishing with? # 079: Are you thinking of snails? Interviewer: No. 079: #1 Uh. Uh. # Interviewer: #2 You you dig out of the ground. # 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 What do you think? # 079: #2 Oh # Fishworms. Bait worms. {NW} Earthworms to be exact. Interviewer: Hey you ever heard of these called nightcrawlers? 079: Yes. Interviewer: Are they the same thing? 079: I don't know. They sound horribly nightcrawler does it may be something a little worse than a ordinary earthworm but it they may be the same thing. Interviewer: Alright. Uh what is the animal that you find sometimes in your yard and that's capable of pulling his head and his feet into a side of his shell. 079: Would that be a turtle? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Now is there another name that you think of for turtle? 079: Tortoise, is that the same thing? I believe it is. Interviewer: No. 079: Oh. Interviewer: Uh what about the word terrapin? Does this ring 079: Terrapin, yes I think that'd be practically the same thing there's probably a distinction, but I don't know it. Interviewer: Do you make a distinction about whether one being oh say lives in the water or the land or does this does this make mean anything to #1 you? # 079: #2 I don't # know, it's usually that terrapin would be more {X} Especially in water though I'm not sure, I may be wrong about that. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of the word gopher used in connection with a turtle? 079: #1 I heard the word gopher? # Interviewer: #2 Or terrapin? # 079: Now gopher is some kind of little animal but I wouldn't think of it in connection with a turtle or a terrapin, but it may be. I don't know what I think a gopher is. Little kind of I don't know like a chipmunk or something I would think. But I may be wrong about that. Interviewer: But you haven't heard it in 079: #1 Uh-uh. No no I haven't, uh-uh. # Interviewer: #2 connection with a turtle or a terrapin? # Alright, um some little animals, I think we may have talked about this earlier that uh somewhat like shrimp, say, or very very tiny lobsters that you might find along the side of um of a creek. Uh they have little, they're small faced and they have little pinchers. 079: Now let me see that can't be any kind of a crab or I can't think of a Interviewer: #1 Some people people use them for fish bait # 079: #2 {D: Something something that} # Interviewer: sometimes. 079: Yeah? And I just can't think of what you're talking about. Can't think of the word. Uh. There's some term that something like shrimp, but I can't think Interviewer: #1 {D: Well its} # 079: #2 I mean # Interviewer: suppo- suppose I told you the last part of the word was fish. Some kind of fish and it was a one of 079: Crawfish. That's what I'm trying to say. Interviewer: That 079: #1 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 that's what you think of? # 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Alright say that.} # 079: Ain't it funny, that wouldn't come to my mind but the minute you put said fish and you put something in front of it Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 I had to think of what I was trying to say. Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Do you make a distinction between crawfish and say what crayfish? 079: No, as far as I know it's the same thing. Interviewer: Well what about crawdads? 079: Well I don't know that term. Interviewer: You don't know that 079: #1 Uh-uh. # Interviewer: #2 term? # Uh these, would you say these are different from crabs? 079: Yes. Yes, they'd be different from crabs. Interviewer: Alright. The insect which uh frequently is accused of flying too close to a candle flame and getting singed is? 079: The moth. Interviewer: And two of those would be? 079: Moths. Interviewer: Uh what would you call the insect that flies at night and periodically emits a little glow? 079: Uh. Lightning bug. Interviewer: Alright now are do you distinguishing this from a firefly in any way? 079: No. No, to me they'd be the same. Interviewer: Alright. Uh the the large, I would say rather large insect, probably about so, that you see hovering over a surface of a lake would be called? 079: Hmm. Let me think. I can't think what you're thinking of there. A a dragonfly? Interviewer: #1 That that's what I was thinking of. # 079: #2 Uh-huh. Yeah uh-huh. # Interviewer: Uh what about the insect that wh- um is very likely to sting you if you pick one up? 079: A bee? A hornet? A wasp? A yellow jacket? Interviewer: Now do you distinguish between a hornet and a wasp? 079: I would not know one from the other, but I'm sure there's a difference. Interviewer: {NW} Do you think of them as looking pretty #1 much alike? # 079: #2 Yeah, mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And you 079: #1 Now you can tell the yellow jacket cause they're yellow. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {NW} Well I'm glad. {C: laughing} Uh what kind of nest um do they make? 079: Wasps make a nest of some material that they exude from their bodies um that is somewhat oval in shape and sort of hollow inside. And fly in fly out of it. Interviewer: And bees, what sort of things 079: Bees have a have a hive if they, I don't know what they have if if people don't make them a hive. {NW} I don't know what they have {C: laughing} Interviewer: {D: Well that's a problem, isn't it?} Uh when you think of um say a bee, a yellow jacket, and a wasp or a hornet 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Which do you think has the most severe sting? 079: Let me see. I don't know. What the one maybe I just know that one is worse than the other? Interviewer: #1 Well # 079: #2 But I I # Interviewer: strictly do you think of one as having? 079: I do do not think of one being any worse than the other, now I probably should but I don't. Interviewer: Alright. Uh what is a wasp-like insect that does not sting? 079: I've named all the ones I can think of. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Can you think of one that um builds say a little house um above the eaves of the house that looks like a little um mud clump of ` 079: Dirt dauber? Interviewer: That's what I was thinking of. 079: Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh do you know any other stinging or wh- you said you named just about every 079: I believe I've named all I can think of. Interviewer: Alright. What about uh the very small insect that frequently can get in around your your screen and you don't see them and you have to swat them? 079: Fly. Interviewer: Alright. 079: Housefly. Interviewer: And another kind of insect that also can come in the same way and will bite you and so it can suck your blood. This is a? 079: Mosquito. Interviewer: Alright. If you had more than one you'd call 'em? 079: Mosquitoes. Interviewer: The insect that lives in uh OR in tall weeds for example and is green and hops a lot is? 079: Grasshopper. Interviewer: And what uh do you think of as being a type of small fish that's used for bait to catch other larger 079: #1 Minnow. # Interviewer: #2 fish? # Do you know any other terms for for um small fish that can be used for bait? 079: I don't think of any. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 079: #2 May be. # Interviewer: Uh the filmy substances that you would find sometimes in your house say in a corner or from the ceiling, that you have to get a mop to get down. 079: Spiderweb. Interviewer: Alright. Do you think of make a distinction between spiderwebs and? 079: Cobweb? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: No, I don't. Now a cobweb might just be dust that had accumulated. You might speak of that as a cobweb. But a spiderweb's made by the spider, but I expect to be using them interchangeably. Interviewer: Do you think of one as being indoors and one outdoors sometimes? 079: No, I wouldn't make that distinction. Interviewer: Alright. The part of the tree that is underground are its? 079: The roots. Interviewer: A kind of tree that you might tap to get um sugar from would be a? 079: Maple tree. Interviewer: Alright. Are there kinds of maples then? 079: Yes, sugar maples and plain maples I don't know what term you'd give them but they don't have the sap. Interviewer: Alright. Uh a group of these would be called a maple? 079: Grove? Interviewer: Alright. Uh do you know can you name me other kinds of trees that you can think of that are in this vicinity? 079: You mean just trees around Interviewer: #1 Just trees # 079: #2 here? # Interviewer: #1 just kinds of trees. # 079: #2 {D: Oh well} # Oak tree, pine tree, cedar tree, magnolia tree, fruit trees of all kinds. Interviewer: Okay. 079: Um Probably some beech trees, though I wouldn't know one if I saw it. Uh poplars. Interviewer: {X} 079: Elm. {NW} Interviewer: I think that's 079: #1 {D: Go on and veer right off} # Interviewer: #2 a pretty good list. # I think you got a pretty good list. Uh a tree on which a fruit is grown that has a pit in the center would be? 079: A peach tree or a cherry tree, maybe a cherry tree rather Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 079: #2 than a peach tree. # Interviewer: Um the plant that has three leaves and can make you break out in a rash is called? 079: Poison ivy. Interviewer: Alright is there are there other names using the word poison for this kind of plant or for something similar? 079: Poison oak we say and I don't know what poison oak is. Well unless its the same thing as poison ivy. It's not an oak tree part and it leaf of an oak tree, is it? What is poison oak? Interviewer: I don't really know. 079: I don't either. Interviewer: #1 Have you ever heard of # 079: #2 {D: I ain't never do that} # Interviewer: something called poison sumac? 079: No, I never heard that term applied to sumac. Interviewer: Alright, is this a kind of tree too? 079: Sumac? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: It's I'd call it a bush rather than a tree. Interviewer: Oh really? 079: It does not grow very high its the thing that turns red earliest in the fall Interviewer: Oh really? 079: And has a pretty uh spray-like uh bunch of {D: sometimes leaves kinda}. And uh doesn't grow, it may grow fairly good size but it's not a tree. There'd be a distinction, I'm sure. Interviewer: Does it have an odor or bloom or anything? 079: Not that I know of. Now it seems to me like it maybe after, I don't just when, it has a sort of a bushy something something I suppose is the bloom, a seed pod sort of a thing. Interviewer: Does it drop it's leaves in the winter? 079: #1 Mm yes # Interviewer: #2 Just # 079: yes it would. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. Uh if you're talking about berries and you're warning someone not to eat them you might say, "be careful these berries are?" 079: Are poisonous. We'd probably just say poison. But we really ought to say poisonous I guess make an adjective of it. Interviewer: Can you name me as many kinds of edible berries as that you can think of? 079: Strawberry blueberry blackberry elderberry uh boysenberry, that's a new kind of berry. That's all I can think of right off. Interviewer: Alright. Uh the kind of plant that is grown in the mountains frequently around Gatlinburg that has absolutely beautiful flowers and sometimes we have them here I've seen them at the nurseries 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: um it's a rather long word and usually they're kind of large and pink flowers, does this? 079: Rhododendron? Interviewer: Alright. Uh can you tell me any other kinds of plant you think of that are native to the mountain are-area? 079: One kind of berry grows in the mountains, the hu-huckleberry, I forgot Interviewer: #1 Oh really? # 079: #2 the name. # And dewberry. Uh and uh now what'd you say, what kind that grow in the mountain? Interviewer: Oh. 079: Just the flower or? Interviewer: Flower no, a plant or a bush or a tree. 079: Well mountain laurel. Interviewer: Alright. What do you think of mountain laurel as being? 079: You mean uh Interviewer: Uh 079: It's a Interviewer: #1 how would you describe it? # 079: #2 small # its a shrub. Which has these beautiful pair of pink flowers, there's tiny little flowers cluster of tiny little flowers. Interviewer: I see. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And how l-how tall does it grow? Does it grow into? 079: Oh sometimes it grows good, big bushes, it's not a tree, it's a bush, but it grows tall sometimes. Interviewer: I see. If you were married and you wanted to um go out on an evening but you thought that you really ought to consult your partner, you might say, "well we'll probably go, but I must ask my?" 079: Husband. Interviewer: And he might say, thinking of you, 079: #1 I'll ask # Interviewer: #2 "I must?" # 079: my wife. Interviewer: Alright. Are there synonyms for husband and wife that you think of? 079: Yes. Well one that can be either one is the word spouse. Whenever they invite people to things out at the college, uh they say you and your spouse meaning if you're a man its your wife if you're a woman its your husband. Uh I can't think of anything else. I don't think right off of another word. #1 {D: That the D sound for husband and wife.} # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Uh a lady who has been married but her husband is deceased is a? 079: Widow. Interviewer: And your male parent is your? 079: Father. Interviewer: Uh what did you call your father when you were 079: #1 Papa. # Interviewer: #2 grow? # Did you? Uh 079: That's gone out almost, only very few children say Papa today. Interviewer: Did you have any special other terms that you might call him when you were being unusually affectionate or or would you sometimes call him father or another word you were trying to be very 079: We never used the term father we just weren't taught to, and Mama didn't like Daddy so we didn't say that we just said Papa. Interviewer: #1 You said Papa? # 079: #2 Or we'd say Pops sometime # just for fun kind of. Teasing you know? Interviewer: {NW} Uh your mm of course your female parent is your? 079: Mother. Interviewer: And you called her? 079: Mama. Mostly. Now we called her mother some, but I called her Mama really. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And did you call her anything affectionately or would Mama be #1 your? # 079: #2 Mama would be # I guess as affectionate of a term as we'd think of uh-huh. Interviewer: Alright. Uh your father and your mother together are your? 079: Parents. Interviewer: Uh your mother's father would be your? 079: Maternal grandfather. Interviewer: Alright. Uh did you know any of your grandparents? 079: I knew my mother's father and mother but my father's father and mother were dead before Mama married. Interviewer: What did you call your uh 079: #1 We we said # Interviewer: #2 grandfather? # 079: grandma and grandpa. Interviewer: Did you? 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh did you have any special nicknames for them other than this? 079: Mm no, I don't believe so. We didn't say "granny" or anything like that. Interviewer: I see. The uh offspring of a man and his wife are called their?` 079: Children. {NS} Interviewer: Are there any other synonyms you think of that people use to refer to their 079: #1 Kids # Interviewer: #2 children? # 079: which I do not like. Interviewer: {NW} Alright. {C:laughing} Uh the wheeled vehicle that um people use to take babies out er its called a? 079: Baby carriage or perambulator or a go cart. Interviewer: And they also sometime now have smaller wheeled vehicles for larger children and these are called? 079: {D:Pram?} No? I don't know what else you're thinking of then. Interviewer: That doesn't matter. 079: {NS} Interviewer: When you're taking a baby out in a carriage, you how would you refer to you're going to do what to the baby? 079: Take it out for an outing or an outing or take it for take it for a ride maybe, though I don't think you'd say that or not. Interviewer: Do you ever say wheel the baby? 079: Yes, yes that's common enough. Wheel the baby up and down the street, mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay, um if you were married and had a female child, she would be your? 079: Your daughter. Interviewer: And as a daughter she as opposed to a boy she would be a? 079: #1 A a a girl. # Interviewer: #2 She would not be a boy. # 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That's right. # Uh do you have a term for the ladies that used to assist at the births of children? 079: #1 Midwife. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Relatively} # 079: is the term we well that was used, and uh Interviewer: Are there still very many of those? 079: Not, well I say not many and then I expect in some backwoods districts there still are. {D: Not many.} Up in the mountains some places. Interviewer: Uh if you wanted to talk about the fact the boy had some of the same facial features or mannerisms of his father, you might say "that boy something his father"? 079: We'd say looks like his father. We might say resembles, but we wouldn't say {D: it with him} we'd say looks like him. Interviewer: Alright. Now if you were talking about his face 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You'd say looks like 079: #1 Yes # Interviewer: #2 or resembles? # 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright what about his body? Would you use the same term? 079: We might say he has the same build as his father mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. And if you were talking about his behavior? 079: Has the same disposition as his father. Or the same characteristics, manner of personality. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. If you wanted to use the verb and say "that boy something his father" would you would you have a #1 word? # 079: #2 Mm. # In thinking about his? Interviewer: His behavior. 079: Behavior. Acts like his father {C: laughing}. Interviewer: {D: I wouldn't what} I wondered what I was thinking 079: #1 Uh-huh. Mm-hmm. Yeah, yeah. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 of this, but it wasn't especially # 079: #1 Yeah yeah, uh-huh. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 looking for it, and I wondered if you would use it. # 079: Think that's what we'd say. Look darling let me ask you something. Uh do you had to come again if I could keep stay with you longer this afternoon? Could you finish and save you another trip? Interviewer: Well I'll be coming back anyway. 079: Will you? Well. Interviewer: Uh but whatever can suit you. 079: Well I just don't want to, I didn't wanna rush you through or anything. Interviewer: #1 No no, this is just fine. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # Well now you you keep me posted on time, I don't have a watch Interviewer: #1 I was just looking at it. # 079: #2 on honey. Yes. # Interviewer: It's about two minutes past five. 079: Well, we can do just a few more and then we'd best stop. Interviewer: Alright. Do you say, 079: #1 Yeah. Alright. # Interviewer: #2 {D: I I'll repeat my sentence} # Uh if you're threatening a child, uh about his behavior you might say "if you don't behave yourself you're?" 079: Going to be punished or I'll whip you. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Uh do you think of differences in degrees of punishment for children concerning your if you're threatening them? 079: Yes, you might threaten to whip them might be the most um dire punishment or you might threaten 'em to the fact that they may go to bed without any supper or you might threaten 'em with not getting to go out and play, something like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. We're talking about the word "grow up". 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: We something slowly. 079: Grew up. Interviewer: Alright, but we present tense we? 079: We are growing up. Uh we grow up. {D: And uh scramble or uh} Interviewer: And we something in a hurry? 079: We grow up, we we grow up in a hurry, or we I don't know what else you'd Interviewer: It it doesn't 079: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 matter. # {D: We we've got ones anyway.} 079: Yeah. {C: laughing} Interviewer: And we had before we knew it. 079: We had grown up before we knew. Interviewer: Now, can you think of tell me some words for infants that are born out of wedlock? 079: Illegitimate. Love child. Interviewer: #1 Would you call that # 079: #2 I don't think they # Interviewer: sort of a a joking expression? 079: Which, the love child? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: Not so much a joking expression, but one that is sometimes used in some things you read or something, some stories. {D: Something so.} Interviewer: Are there some really negative, prejudiced expressions that are used against illegitimate children? 079: Bastard. It's not used too, it's used more in historical novels maybe. Interviewer: #1 Oh. {C: laughing} # 079: #2 {D: And uh but not in present day language} # Well some people use it. Interviewer: Is there a word you might use, a euphemism or something, if you didn't want to say bastard or you didn't want to say illegitimate, is there another word that you might use? You said love child #1 Maybe you're # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: thinking? 079: I don't think of another one, now what one are you thinking of? Interviewer: I'm not thinking of any 079: #1 Uh-huh. I don't think of another one. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 in particular. Just wondering if you thought of another one. # Um a child whose parents have died? 079: Is an orphan. Interviewer: And an orphan is generally assigned to someone who would be his? 079: Foster parent. Interviewer: Alright. If 079: Or guardian. Interviewer: Alright, that's another. Uh if you're referring to your immediate family in a general sort of way you might say, "Oh they're all my?" 079: Kinfolks? {C: laughing} All my relatives? {C: laughing} Interviewer: Alright. If you're thinking of your immediate family, would you use a different word than if you were thinking of your whole extended family? 079: Um. I don't know this exactly, look the thing about that we if we're speaking of the whole thing you're talking about family connection. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: Not much close kin. But family connection. And then we'd say close kin if we meant people just real close to us. Interviewer: You would? 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: But you would you would you use relatives to encompass everyone? 079: Yes, uh if she's a relative of mine it may be a first cousin, and it might be a distant cousin. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And what about kinfolk, would this be? 079: Well kinfolks is of course, a term used in the south, not used up north. Uh and kinfolks means anybody that's kin to you. Interviewer: #1 And it would be any anyone as well. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Alright. Uh someone who is not a member of your family, you wanted to convey this you might say, "she is?" 079: No kin? Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. Uh someone 079: No relation now, the uh up north they'd say relation. Interviewer: They would? 079: Yeah huh. Interviewer: Someone who is not born in the United States would be a? 079: An alien. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: A foreigner. Interviewer: Alright now would you distinguish foreigner and stranger in your vocabulary? 079: Uh yes, uh anybody that I've not met before is a stranger. Interviewer: #1 Whether or not he is # 079: #2 Whether he's uh American or otherwise. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: #1 I see. # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh the two sisters of Lazarus in the Bible 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Were who? 079: Mary and Martha. Interviewer: #1 I thought since you quoted the Bible to me, I thought I'd # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {D: get some questions at you.} # 079: #2 Yeah, I can give you some harder ones than that. # Interviewer: #1 {D: Here we go.} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {D: There is I'm also looking now for Earl's name.} And the way I'm gonna go about it is by referring to a town in Georgia that I think has a delightful name and it's two words, the first word is "Plum." 079: {D: Plum meadow?} Interviewer: #1 That's what I'm thinking of. # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 But I don't know any other # 079: #2 Plum outta Georgia and then out of Tennessee. {C: laughing} # Interviewer: What is Nelly a a abbreviation for? 079: In that? Interviewer: No. 079: Uh oh our nah Interviewer: {D: a lady's name} 079: Eleanor is the only name I think of right off but Nell is uh, you may not know but Nell is a nickname for Eleanor. But it is , uh I don't think of anything else. Interviewer: I don't either, I I was wondering 079: Oh Eleanor would be the one I guess, I don't know very many people that are called Nell whose name is Eleanor, but it is a nickname for it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The first book of the New Testament is? 079: Matthew. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I'm gonna use all the Bible things I can give to you. Uh if you were referring to a man whose last name was {D: Cooper} and you wanted to to refer to his wife, you might say Oh that's m that's 079: {D: Missus Cooper} Interviewer: Alright. Now if you wanna uh if you were using the word, that is opposite of mister to refer to a lady, would there be a way that you would say it quickly? 079: Uh sometimes we say miss instead of missus Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Which would you think you use most in your 079: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 speech? # 079: I believe now I I say miss more than we were taught to say missus, Interviewer: #1 Were you? # 079: #2 Missus Thompson # Missus Smith. Mama didn't like to shorten it that way, but I believe today I do. I believe we nearly all do. We say that's Miss Jones. Mm-hmm. {NW} Interviewer: They don't make don't seem to make that distinction. 079: Mm-hmm. Now darling, I could run down to White's and get that and come back and do more if you want me to. {X} Interviewer: Alright, uh I wanted to ask you something that I didn't ask you when we were back talking about hogs. 079: {NW} Interviewer: And I asked you, did you had you ever heard of the term for a castrated male hog? 079: #1 Boar? # Interviewer: #2 Have you ever heard of the word "barrow?" # 079: Now I've heard that word, but I couldn't've told you what it was. I couldn't have defined it. Interviewer: Uh uh you just knew it 079: #1 Yeah, I well oh I # Interviewer: #2 to hear it before it? # 079: I know it have, when you's asked me I know that it does have to do with that, but I I wouldn't have known. Interviewer: Okay. Can you give me a term for a preacher who works part-time or is unqualified? Some kind of preacher? 079: Sometimes we speak of a not a lay preacher, would you think of lay preacher? That'd be somebody who really wasn't ordained but preached. Or an itinerant preacher who went around here there and yonder preaching. Interviewer: This has more of the scent of of a preacher being unqualified. 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Really # not able to do his job well. 079: I don't know exactly what you're Interviewer: Heard of Jackleg preacher? 079: Yeah, but more in terms in with connection with a lawyer. Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 079: #2 A jackleg lawyer. # I've heard that more than I have jackleg preacher uh-huh. Interviewer: I was gonna ask you what other 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 terms you might use # 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 jack-leg with. # 079: #1 Like a lawyer. # Interviewer: #2 Do you know of anyone # other than a lawyer you might use it with? 079: Well I suppose you could use it for a doctor who wasn't qualified or any any professional man who wasn't qualified to do what he was supposed to do but I had never heard it used {D: I don't believe} except in connection with a lawyer. #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Do you have a special term that you use for a woman teacher as opposed to a man teacher? 079: No. If I said my math teacher's name was Smith um I wouldn't say anything about him to know whether he was a man or a woman. Interviewer: Alright. 079: Is there a term? Interviewer: #1 I had nothing really in mind. # 079: #2 Professor maybe? # Interviewer: #1 Some people might use # 079: #2 Now in # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 in the vernacular # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 Yes, but those are # old-fashioned terms aren't they? Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Would you use them at all? 079: #1 No, no, no. # Interviewer: #2 Now in front of yourself? # 079: In fact we never called a few of the boys used to call {D: Mr. Quib Mr.Broy Professor Quib Professor Broy} just for fun. But anybody speaking to them often didn't call 'em professor. Interviewer: Uh now in college, would you make? 079: They did little further back. Interviewer: Oh 079: The man who was superintendent when I started school everybody spoke of him with great respect as Professor Harris. In fact that's the way if I wanted uh to go on and ask me something about Professor Harris, I'd say Professor Harris but you see that was further back. Interviewer: #1 I see # 079: #2 That was further back. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And now in a college you wouldn't make any distinction male or female for professor, would you? 079: #1 No,no. # Interviewer: #2 They had that right? # 079: Don't believe you would. A professor or uh whatever they they had different #1 ranks you know according to their degrees and so on. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. But they # would each 079: #1 Yeah, it'd be the same. Be the same. # Interviewer: #2 {D: just be according to that rank.} # 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: If you were speaking of my mother's sister, is she would be? 079: Your aunt {C: pronunciation}. Aunt, I say aunt. Aunt {C: pronunciation} sounds better maybe, but it sounds affected to me so I just say plain aunt. Interviewer: Uh in the Bible, do you remember the name of Abraham's wife? 079: Sarah. Interviewer: And Robert E. Lee was a? 079: Well a confederate general? Interviewer: Alright. 079: Want his mother's name? Interviewer: #1 No. # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Do you know it? # 079: #2 Anne Hill Carter. # Interviewer: You're 079: Uh-huh, Anne Hill Carter. Uh huh. Interviewer: Is there anything that you don't 079: #1 know about southern history? # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah yeah yeah there's plenty of it. # Oh I wanted to ask you, are there any books written about Rome 079: #1 Yes, there's a good number # Interviewer: #2 that were # worthwhile? 079: Yes. Miss but you can't get a copy. Mr. George Magruder Battey. Back in 1920, when I became interested in the history of Rome cause of Roman essays, school service in Rome I won the prize, so that got me very much interested. And uh I really worked on it though it had five chapters, it was elaborate and I went around to see a lot of people and got information and so on well that was when he was coming back here, he was a native Roman but he'd been away, wanted to write the history of Roman Floyd county and he thought he might get some source material that way from some of the things that children found out and I'm sure he did. And uh his book is good {D: and uh at the time it came out} I didn't I never had enough money to buy a book like that with just what I was {D: out of the house to do} {D: In short in about all to do to make ends meet} and you didn't have much money and uh so we didn't buy books as I would today if a book came out that I wanted I'd get it. Uh and it got out of print. Now they had copies at the library that you can go and look at, but you can't take it out. Interviewer: Do you know the name of it? 079: History of Roman Floyd County by George Magruder Battey. And um every once in a while somebody will find some copy that somebody's willing to sell but it's uh it's pretty hard to get a hold of. Interviewer: I see. 079: Of course I know a lot of it practically by heart but I've looked at it so much. But you can see it anytime you {X} you could look at it honey. Interviewer: Oh I'd like to. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is it at the library down next to city hall? 079: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Good, I'm in that area I'll look that up. 079: Alright, you go in and look at it. Now they have a lot of interesting things they have the files of the newspapers way back you know Interviewer: #1 Oh do they? # 079: #2 and things like that. Mm-hmm. # On microfilm a lot of it. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 And uh so they have # a right good reference department, you know? They have a Georgia room which in which they have a great many things about Georgia and all you might sometimes find something you wanted there. Interviewer: Do you think this the Chamber of Commerce puts out any kind of reliable information on Rome at the present? 079: Yes, I can think you can certainly count on what they say. They have a lot of little pamphlets and booklets and so on, and I have never found anything in it that I didn't agree with. And I been here a long time and I know pretty well what's true and what's not. Now I wouldn't know all about the facts and the figures about the uh for that in since I Interviewer: #1 But you've got a sense of what # 079: #2 got in my # Interviewer: #1 {D: is reliable.} # 079: #2 that that I had in my history # about the practice of telling that Floyd county farmers clear two million dollars from the livestock industry. A year. Today. Well now I think they wouldn't give that unless they had the figures for it. Clark Howers, who is head of the Chamber of Commerce, a very good friend of mine, and he's a very interesting person I think a very uh capable person. So I imagine they work very hard on these brochures they get out. Interviewer: Well then that that's I 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 think that you would be the one # 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 to tell me # because some are not. 079: No, I I think they do I as I say I never seen anything that I thought well I don't know whether that's quite true or not. Uh there are a lot of good things you can say about Rome, its a cultural center, its a manufacturing center, its an educational center uh and there's a whole lot that's good about Rome, its a good town. It is mine. {C: laughing} Interviewer: {D: Well I think you should feel good.} 079: I do too. Interviewer: Uh a man who presides over a court would be a? 079: A judge. Interviewer: And if his name were Marshall you would refer to him as? 079: Judge Marshall. Interviewer: Uh a person who goes to school would be known as a? 079: Student. Interviewer: Now would you make any different terms for whether its a grade school student, high school or college student? 079: No, I don't believe I would. I I it'd be don't I do too you might call people in the primary grades you'd speak of as pupils probably. Interviewer: Would you? 079: I believe I would. I think I'd ask about how many pupils do you have if I were talking about the younger children. But if we're talking about high school I'd say how many students are there in your class? Interviewer: Your phone. 079: Again. {C: laughing} Mm-hmm. Interviewer: A woman who works for a man taking dictation and typing would be the man's? 079: Stenographer or secretary. Interviewer: Alright. The female version of an actor is? 079: Actress. Interviewer: And if you are a citizen of the United States, you are a? 079: An American. Interviewer: Alright. Now um a person whose skin is dark is a? 079: What do you want me to say, African or? Interviewer: In in America? 079: In America? A negro. Interviewer: Alright. Now can you tell me if you were we're talking about now terms that indicate a prejudice for or against 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 the negro race. # If you were trying to be derogatory in an ugly way 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What would you call 'em? 079: Nigger. Some people do at least. ` Interviewer: And is there anything else that you think of? #1 Any other terms? # 079: #2 Uh. # Coon. Um. {NS} Black rascal. {C: laughing} I can't think of anything else. {C: laughing} Interviewer: If you were joking are there any terms you might use? 079: I can't think of Can't think of one. #1 Now you might mention one and # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 079: I'll tell you if it's familiar to me. Interviewer: Now if you were being neutral 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: and trying to call them something pleasant but referring to their 079: #1 Either # Interviewer: #2 race? # 079: a colored person or a negro. I would say. Interviewer: Alright. 079: I wouldn't say black man or black woman, which is coming in so much now they'd rather be called blacks some people say, but that's not natural to me {D: we hadn't ever} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: {D: Done 'em.} That called 'em that. Interviewer: Alright. Now um our race of course is caucasian. Do you know or have you heard any terms that the black people might use to refer to us? First of all in a derogatory way? 079: Now there are some I know cause some of the books I have read but I don't think of one right off. Interviewer: What about joking terms? Do you think any joking terms? 079: It seems like I ought to be able to, but I don't. I read some books that were written by negro authors from the negro viewpoint you know, and Interviewer: #1 Can you think of one for example? # 079: #2 and all. # {D: Pardon, I can't?} Interviewer: Baldwin maybe, some of James Baldwin's? 079: No. #1 A a a book I don't know that one # Interviewer: #2 No I mean so that # 079: I read some by well I can't think now but there's a number of different ones. No I don't think of any terms uh honey, what do they speak of white people as? #1 Seems to me # Interviewer: #2 Uh the only one # that I think of at the moment is maybe hunky or something 079: #1 Well I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 like that? But I'm # 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 not sure that's a legitimate # term, I think I've heard that 079: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 for sure. # 079: I think of that more what some people might call some white some Americans might call Italians or some others foreigners Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: by a term like that. Interviewer: Uh if they were being neutral as we would be saying colored people do you think they would say white people or what do you? 079: White folks. Would be the more vernacular thing, wouldn't it? Interviewer: Alright. What's term used for poor whites? 079: Trash. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: White trash {D: or you hope not to say.} Poor whites. Interviewer: Do you think white people and colored people would both use this term? 079: Uh well grown people speak of white trash. Interviewer: Do they? 079: Yes they do. Um there's a cute quotation from a book oh what's that author's name? Uh is it uh? {D: Nigger topped the cotton, nigger tote the load, nigger build the lebid} for the river to crash. Uh nigger never walked up the handsome road, that's the name of the book The Handsome Road but I'd rather be a nigger than poor white trash. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {D: Well let's see} 079: {NW} Interviewer: And we just say, do we say white trash too? 079: We do, we ought not to, but we do or poor whites we might say. Interviewer: Uh what is the term redneck in Georgia? They say 079: That means a country lil fella that's uh {NW} sunburned I suppose where it came from maybe. Interviewer: Would he necessarily be trash? 079: No no he might be a poor white farmer he might be a tenant farmer he wouldn't be trash. Poor white trash are ones that just don't do anything Interviewer: #1 {D: Shifters?} # 079: #2 for themselves. # {D: Shifters and no finger.} No he might be a hardworking tenant farmer or something. Interviewer: Alright so. 079: In my uh vocabulary that's what redneck would refer to. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well I was gonna just ask you for a person uh a term for a person living in the country who's out of touch with town life, do you think of? 079: Uh. Let me think We wouldn't use the term rustic though it's used sometimes uh for a person speaking of or spoken of as a rustic. Uh no, I can't think of anything besides country, just country people Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 079: #2 {D: or something like that.} # Interviewer: If you were going to answer the phone 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: you might tell me to wait by using by saying something in particular what what would you say? 079: Like if I were leaving you and go Interviewer: Uh-huh and going to come right 079: #1 Just a minute. # Interviewer: #2 back. # 079: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 That's what I was thinking of. # 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh in asking directions, you might say question is it to town? 079: How far is it to town? Interviewer: And if you wanted to show me something but I wasn't looking you and to get my attention you 079: I'd say look or listen. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you 079: Now people that don't speak so correctly would say listen here maybe, but now we wouldn't say that. Interviewer: What about look here? Would that? 079: Well I'd say that that look here you can't do that and I might say that you know. Sort of vernacular but I might say it. Interviewer: Do you think of that as being a reprimand or a direction to look? 079: {NW} It could be if you're talking to a child look here you stop that {C: laughing}. Then it'd be a reprimand {C: laughing}. But uh I wouldn't say look here I'd just say look, I wouldn't. Interviewer: Would you say see here? As a reprimand do you think? 079: Not that wouldn't be natural to me. Now some people would say see here you can't do that. See here, I'll show you how to do it. No I I don't believe I ever would ordinarily say that. Interviewer: Alright. In asking uh the number of times that you might make a trip to town, someone might ask you by saying do you go to town? 079: Uh often? You mean? Or do you uh Interviewer: Or in the the first part would be um a how how 079: How often do you go to town? Interviewer: #1 That's what I was thinking of. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: I'm not going to do that and you might reply? Ne- 079: Neither am I. Interviewer: This is my? 079: Hair. Interviewer: And this is my? 079: {D: thyroid} Interviewer: This is my? 079: Ear. Interviewer: And which one? 079: Left {C: laughing}. I think {C: laughing}. Right? {C: laughing}. Interviewer: And this one is my? 079: Right ear. {NW} Interviewer: Uh neither of us have, but if a man gets up and shaves in the morning he shaves off his? 079: Well he shaves his face and he removes the bristles of hair the stiff hair that's on his Interviewer: #1 And what do you call # 079: #2 face. # Interviewer: the hair on his face? 079: Uh beard. Interviewer: Alright. This whole thing not not just the parts but this whole thing is my? 079: Mouth. Interviewer: And this is my? 079: Teeth. They're your tooth or teeth. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Alright. This is my? 079: Neck. Interviewer: And inside my neck is my? 079: Throat? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard the word goozle? 079: Maybe in a slang way, but I don't know. Well I believe I have maybe sometime. Interviewer: Okay. This part of my hand is 079: #1 Is the palm. # Interviewer: #2 the # 079: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 079: {NW} Interviewer: This is my? 079: Hand. Interviewer: Two of them are? 079: Hands. Interviewer: This is my? 079: Fist. Interviewer: And two of them are? 079: Fists. Interviewer: Referring to the way your leg is put together, your knee is a? 079: Joint. Interviewer: On a man, this part is his? 079: Chest. Interviewer: These are my? 079: Shoulders. {NS} Interviewer: This whole thing is my? 079: Leg. Interviewer: This is my? 079: Ankle or foot. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {D: Not too wet for 'em.} 079: Yeah foot. Interviewer: Two of them are? 079: Feet. Interviewer: Is if you see someone who has been ill, you might say you certainly look? 079: We say bad. You shouldn't say badly as some people do, because badly is an adverb and doesn't look it doesn't take an adverb. But there might be some argument about that. Interviewer: Do you ever say peaked? 079: You could. Mm-hmm I don't know that I I might say it sometimes, she looks a little peaked or something like that uh-huh. Interviewer: Does this mean pale or? 079: Kinda pale and puny looking. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Alright. Uh if I say to you that's a stout man now what do you think of as his being his description? 079: Rather heavy-set. Not slim and slender. Interviewer: Do you think of it having anything to do with strong? 079: No, if I wanted to say he was strong I'd use the word strong. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. If someone's always smiling and never seems to be unhappy you'd say he certainly is? 079: Well has a good disposition, he certainly is I guess say happy? Um Interviewer: When thinking of his personality 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: as opposed to being uh 079: Let me see. As opposed to being gloomy or or surly he's pleasant, happy. Interviewer: He's good? 079: Uh tempered. Good-natured. Interviewer: #1 Mm that's what I was thinking about. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. Yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Alright, now um there is a term that we use sometimes for a person {D: a eater of low morals} or a person who perhaps is one of the masses. Now you might say I have always heard it said as? Referring to a girl with very low morals that girl sure is? 079: Well wild or um fast. Interviewer: Well. 079: Don't know if the term fast is used as much today as it was years ago. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: And there was was a little {NW} stepping aside, she was fast. {NW} Interviewer: Now if you're referring to the mass of people, you would refer to them as the some kind of people. 079: Mass of Interviewer: There's a song now that says "living in the love of the some kind of people." Have you #1 are you up on # 079: #2 {X} # Interviewer: pop songs? 079: Don't listen don't listen to them at all no. {C: laughing} Interviewer: {D: No problem} 079: Ah. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 You talking about # immo- sort of immorality uh? Interviewer: #1 No, no I'm # 079: #2 Well just um # Interviewer: W-we'll 079: #1 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 go back to that in just a minute. # Now just talking about ordinary people and sometimes this this could mean people just the bulk of the working 079: The masses? Interviewer: Uh-huh but you might say the masses are the people? 079: Common people? Interviewer: #1 That's what I was thinking of. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Now you'll know there's a song that says "living in the love of the common people." 079: I see {D: I'll think about you} {D: when I hear it.} Interviewer: {D: When you hear that.} {NW} Now the term common 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Does this mean to you loose morals or does it mean one of the working class or how how do you think 079: It uh it by itself she just kind of common I wouldn't mean she wasn't good morally I'd mean she just came from a low background poor home, poor grammar poor Interviewer: #1 Mm. # 079: #2 uh # not any cultural background but that's what I'd think of as a common person. Interviewer: It wouldn't be really a put-down? 079: No And there might be sort of a might kind of uh little common in there I can't use common to define it in their ways, something like that. Interviewer: But not uh 079: #1 Not in moral necessarily, no. # Interviewer: #2 Yes that's # Alright. When you're thinking of young people who are full of bounce and uh happiness and always wanting to go and move around you would say those young people sure are? 079: Full of pep and energy? {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: Would you say lively about young people? 079: Mm. Yes, I'd say that was a lively bunch uh-huh. Interviewer: What about older people? And uh especially elderly people 079: #1 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 would you use # the word lively? 079: Vivacious maybe, you might use um about an elderly woman who is {D: sparkly and} and um. Yeah uh Interviewer: Would you have say lively? 079: Animated, would I have say what now hon? Interviewer: Would you say lively? 079: Yes, I think I might there mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. Uh would you ever use any qualifiers? To lively? 079: Well let me see I suppose you could say it was a very lively group, you could. Mm-hmm. Quite. So. {NW} Interviewer: Alright. If you are not easy in your mind you are? 079: Worried or anxious. Interviewer: And using the word easy, you are? 079: Uneasy. Interviewer: Alright. If you are in a state of fear, you are? 079: Anxious or distressed or worried? Interviewer: And if you were worried about something, you might say "I'm that that's gonna happen." 079: Afraid. Interviewer: Now how how do you think of afraid? Do you think of afraid as being well you tell me. 079: Well uh {NW} if I'm afraid of snakes I'm terrified of 'em I'm afraid of 'em I don't want 'em touching me. But sometimes I say I'm afraid that will happen when I mean I think perhaps it will. Just sort of denoting possibility or something. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: So you use this both ways? 079: #1 Yes, uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Do does} # 079: We use afraid sometimes when we don't actually mean we're scared of something. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: You use scared as more you wouldn't use scared in "I'm scared that's gonna happen?" 079: Well, you might you might, I'm scared she gonna have a wreck. I might say that instead of I'm afraid she'll have a wreck. Cause she's a reckless driver or something. Interviewer: Is scared a little stronger, or a little more physical maybe or? 079: Maybe so, I guess it would be a little bit {D: you really}. I'm afraid that may happen sometimes well that's not too {NW} emphatic. But if I say I'm scared she's gonna run into somebody I may be a little bit more emphatic about it, mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. If someone was once afraid but is no longer, you would say she be afraid but 079: She used to be. But is not anymore. Interviewer: Okay. Would you mind saying that again, I think that car just 079: Alright then. Uh I would say she used to be afraid, Interviewer: #1 Alright. Now # 079: #2 but is no longer. # Interviewer: how would you negativize {NW} that's a new word 079: Yes. {C: laughing}. Interviewer: used to be? 079: Well it isn't correct to say didn't used to be cause some people would, uh formerly she uh before this she was not afraid uh formerly would be a little too too formal. {C: laughing} But just everyday speech But children are and some people say uh she didn't used to be afraid. Interviewer: #1 What would you say? # 079: #2 But that's not very good, # I expect I might say that sometimes. {NW} {X} Interviewer: There's your phone. 079: Yeah, I don't want I don't. Interviewer: Um if someone is not careful, they are? 079: Careless. Interviewer: If you wanted to use a word for a person who was a little odd, you might use? 079: Queer. Interviewer: Now has the meaning of this changed lately? 079: Uh a little bit in that used to uh formerly, if you said somebody was queer they just had some little odd ways or something. But sometimes we use it today to sort of mean mentally off. She's a little queer. You think well she's a mental case. Interviewer: How has the use of this as a slang term for homosexual affected the use of it? 079: Well not too much. I don't know what term I'd use rather than that if I was thinking of them. Interviewer: Would what I'm saying 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 really # is would you avoid using the word 079: #1 No, no I would not. # Interviewer: #2 {D: queer because of the connotation} # 079: I do not uh get it um a connotation that would make me think of of that, now some words do make you think of things and you'd avoid using them. But no, in among my friends the word queer is alright. Interviewer: Alright. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: If someone's easily offended, you might say they're? 079: Sensitive? Um {D: if we did a good word there.} We'd say they get their feelings hurt easily. Interviewer: #1 Would you ever use the word touchy? # 079: #2 I don't know what # Yes, yes, you would. She's sort of touchy about things, uh-huh. Yes, you might. Interviewer: Alright. Um if you become if you are not happy about something and you become really upset, you would say I I am really? 079: Angry. Interviewer: Now 079: We'd say mad but we ought not to Interviewer: #1 Yeah I was gonna ask about this # 079: #2 {D: that don't mean that.} # Interviewer: #1 Now would you use mad # 079: #2 We say mad. I'd say mad # rather than angry. I got so mad with her. {C: laughing}. {NW} Interviewer: Alright. 079: Rather than angry. Interviewer: Uh if you were in a crowd of people in in say in an auditorium 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And someone made {NW} and uh someone said there's a fire and everyone started to panic, they might make an announcement saying "everyone keep?" 079: Quiet or remain seated. Interviewer: Don't panic. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 Uh. # 079: #2 Uh. # Interviewer: #1 # 079: #2 # Couldn't think of what word just {X}. Interviewer: And instead of being upset, you would be tranquil, you would be? 079: Calm. Interviewer: Alright then you would say. Interviewer: Very very bad day, you might come home and you'd say I am just 079: #1 worn out. # Interviewer: #2 so? # And if are there degrees of being tired? 079: Yes. Interviewer: Would you change a term for using it? 079: You might {NW} a slang-ish phrase you use I am just whipped out. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Oh really? {C: laughing} # 079: #2 {NW} # And uh but I'm just worn out I'm early worn out. {NW} Interviewer: Well if you're just normal? 079: I'm just tired. Interviewer: Alright. When someone becomes ill, you would say she? 079: I'd say she's sick. Interviewer: And how, she? 079: Got sick. Interviewer: {D: Because she?} 079: She got sick yesterday, I'd say get sick rather than became mm-hmm. Interviewer: And how about a cold? He? 079: Caught cold. {NW} Interviewer: Every time we get to that point I start 079: #1 {D: Yeah you can't just cough through it no} # Interviewer: #2 {D: worrying} # Mm. What I just did was a? 079: Cough. {NS} Interviewer: Maybe that was it, 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 {D:five suggestion.} # If you have a cold, sometimes you can't talk very well, you have a raspy sound, you are?` 079: Hoarse. Interviewer: We're talking about the word take. I don't like to 079: #1 {D: take} # Interviewer: #2 medicine # 079: You want me to say take took take is that what you want? {C: laughing} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I'll just give you the word 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D: you can use} # A person who doesn't hear very well is? 079: Deaf. Interviewer: Another word for a perspiration is? 079: Sweat. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Alright. Which would you use more 079: #1 Perspiration. # Interviewer: #2 often? # A kind of um 079: #1 Now # Interviewer: #2 sore # 079: who you listen if you hear uh car people come and ring the doorbell, it sounds for it and the doorbell rings way back in the back and we may not hear it. Maybe I ought to just {D: look out again.} {X} Interviewer: Again. Uh a kind of sore that's Very very painful. {C: distorted} It's very painful is a 079: Boil. {C: distorted} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Now would you tell me what how you think of this as looking? 079: Red and inflamed and swollen and sometimes with puss in it. We say it has a core, sometimes a carbuncle has a core. Interviewer: Is it different from a carbuncle? 079: Yes, a carbuncle is in my explanation is a more serious uh infection than a boil It's more stubborn and harder to get rid of. Interviewer: Are there any other synonyms you'd use for boil? 079: Some people say a rising but we never did say that, but that's common in this area. Used to be years ago, people don't have boils like they used to. Interviewer: They don't. 079: They don't now do they? I bet you a little boy wouldn't know what you meant. Interviewer: No. He'd think of the water. 079: Mm-hmm yeah. {D: I don't work of how that is if we eat} more sensibly or something, I don't know what it might be. But uh I don't know when I've ever heard of anybody having a regular, old fashioned boil. Interviewer: #1 Thank you. # 079: #2 I've got # scars on my knees where I had them as a child. Interviewer: Is that right? 079: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Did you have 'em? 079: Mm-hmm we've had 'em every once in a while, and uh I mean once or twice a year or more than that you'd have a boil. Interviewer: #1 My goodness. # 079: #2 {NW} # Uh-huh. Interviewer: And now you have bumps on 079: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 your knee. # 079: But this was a rather big it was a rising. {NW} Interviewer: The yellowish liquid there he is 079: #1 Alright. # Interviewer: #2 right now # 079: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 079: When you're going back there. Auxilary: Alright. Interviewer: {NS} Uh the yellowish white liquid inside a boil is? 079: Pus. {C: distorted} {D: A macking.} Sometimes you call it matter. Interviewer: Oh yeah? {C: distorted} 079: Uh-huh. {C: distorted} Sometimes you call it matter. Interviewer: Oh really? {C: distorted} 079: Mm-hmm. {C: distorted} Interviewer: We're talking about the word swell, speaking of an infection 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 or # inflammation, uh after the wasp stings your hand will? 079: Will swell. Interviewer: #1 And? # 079: #2 It # swelled yesterday, and has swollen I guess is good form sounds a little funny. # 079: #1 But you know it wouldn't be bad. # Interviewer: #2 Would you # say swollen? 079: Yeah, I believe so. It had swollen considerably. You might say it has swelled considerably. I believe either one's acceptable that. Interviewer: To you. 079: Uh-huh, uh-huh. Interviewer: And a cut might be called an open 079: Um. Not abrasion. That's a kind of {D: scarce.} Scrape on your hand. Interviewer: Or you might think of someone might say I have a pain in my leg from an old war? 079: Uh wound? Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh have you ever heard the body referred to in a sort of a literary way and it gives you a sense of its being transient as in 079: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 compared to the # soul? A kind of flesh. 079: {D: Her sure's happen out.} {NW} Interviewer: I'm thinking of it you speaking of of a certain kind of flesh? 079: Um. Mortal? No, I don't just what you're getting at now. Interviewer: Have you ever heard it called proud flesh? 079: Well yes, when something won't heal. Interviewer: #1 Oh? # 079: #2 Now that's proud flesh. # Interviewer: It is? 079: Uh-huh. If you have if you have an open Interviewer: #1 It is? {C: laughing} # 079: #2 sore # It is to me honey. If you have an open sore or something and it doesn't get well and sometimes it kinda I don't know, it's it's just funny looking and its proud flesh you call it. It's not good, healthy, smooth uh tissue. Now that's the term proud flesh Interviewer: #1 Learn # 079: #2 to me. # Interviewer: #1 something every day don't you? # 079: #2 Uh-huh uh-huh. # Now that may not be medical, but I believe it is I believe the doctor Interviewer: #1 Well its coming all to these medical terms # 079: #2 I believe the doctor calls it that. # Interviewer: #1 {D: that are sure.} # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # I believe the doctor calls it that. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {D: Well my goodness.} 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh the red liquid that you would put on a cut, not mercurochrome but? 079: Iodem? Iodine or iodine {C: pronunciation} we'd call it both ways. I say iodine {C: pronunciation} I believe. Interviewer: Alright. The medicine given for malaria is? 079: Um quinine Interviewer: When someone is no longer living, you say he? 079: Died. Or he is dead. Interviewer: Alright, now if this would you consider died to be a neutral term? For it uh now uh let me 079: #1 Yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 explain. # Would you ever use um a euphemism for died? Would you say to avoid 079: #1 You mean like passed on? # Interviewer: #2 saying # 079: Something like that. I wouldn't but a lot of people do. Interviewer: What what other terms do you think of? 079: There's something else. Well you speak of the person as deceased sometimes. Um I've heard people refer to their husband say he went away ten years ago or something I know sometimes that's used. Interviewer: What about are there any crude or joking terms you use about death? 079: Uh well uh {D: there are some if I can think of 'em he} uh. I can't think right now what I'm trying to say. There are some. Kick the bucket. {C: laughing} That's very slang here. {C: laughing} {NW} I don't think of another one right off. Interviewer: Alright. I don't know what he died? 079: Of we'd say rather than from. Interviewer: And where you're buried is a? 079: Cemetery. Interviewer: Do you make any sort of distinction in terminology between a public, a church, and a private burying ground? 079: Um. Nothing other than that sometimes out in the country you go buy a little private cemetery that's you know just a family cemetery. Interviewer: #1 And # 079: #2 And # Interviewer: would you use any kind of different term? 079: Burying ground. Interviewer: #1 Would you use this what # 079: #2 Sometimes. # You might sometime speak of the cemetery around a church as a burying ground, you might. Interviewer: Would you use um the family one as burying ground do you think? 079: You might mm-hmm. Family. You might do that, mm-hmm. Look we'd say the old family cemetery is what I'd say. Interviewer: That's 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: what you would say. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. When you are dead, you are put into a? 079: Coffin or a casket. Interviewer: Now do you make a difference there? 079: No, but I believe I believe we'd say coffin more often we would casket. Interviewer: Is there a difference in price do you think ever? 079: I don't know what any uh undertaker would tell you is a distinction if any between a coffin and a casket. Interviewer: You don't 079: I think casket sounds a little more expensive. Interviewer: {NW} But do you would you ordinarily think of this? 079: Uh no I think not. Interviewer: Would shape make a difference? 079: Well if you saw an old-fashioned coffin that was shaped kind of almost the shape of the not the shape of the body but it came up and went out sort of Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: that way, uh you would call that a coffin perhaps uh certainly and not a casket. If you saw a beautiful bronze casket, you'd probably call it that. Now whether that's right as a distinction or not I don't know. Interviewer: But now you would probably use them #1 interchangeably too. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # More or less interchangeably. Interviewer: Have you ever heard the word pinto used? 079: No. Interviewer: For 079: #1 Now what's that? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: P-E-N Interviewer: Pinto. 079: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 P-I-N-T-O. # In connection with casket. 079: No. Uh-uh. Never have. Interviewer: Uh the ceremony of burying where the minister speaks is called? 079: The funeral. Interviewer: And for a year, a man's wife may wear black to indicate that she is in? 079: A widow or that she is in mourning. But that's about gone out hasn't it? Interviewer: Mm I guess so. 079: Almost entirely, almost entirely. Interviewer: #1 They're either wearing older # 079: #2 I don't- # #1 I don't know when I've ever seen # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: anybody wear mourning lately. Within the last ten years around. Interviewer: Uh if someone asks you how are you, what do you normally say? 079: Fine. {NW} Interviewer: Is there anything else you would say? 079: Alright thank you, how are you? Interviewer: If you wanted to tell someone 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 not # to be concerned, 079: #1 L-let # Interviewer: #2 you would say? # 079: me stop there #1 what did # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # #1 Yes. # 079: #2 it say a a vernacular word # some people'll say tolerable. {NW} Interviewer: Alright would you say that? 079: #1 No, I wouldn't say that. # Interviewer: #2 Somehow I don't see you saying that. # 079: I wouldn't say that. {NW} Interviewer: If you wanted to tell someone not to be concerned, you would say? 079: Don't worry. Interviewer: Uh a joint disease or a disease where you ache not arthritis 079: #1 but # Interviewer: #2 but # 079: rheumatism. Interviewer: Now we vaccinate children for smallpox, we also give them shots for disease that there's a three-prong shot called a DPT and the D would stand for? 079: Gosh I don't know Interviewer: #1 What disease? # 079: #2 what the D stands for. # Uh diphtheria? And um. Interviewer: A disease where your skin turns a yellow color is? 079: Jaundice. What does D-P-T stand for? Interviewer: I don't really know, one of them 079: Uh-huh. Interviewer: is um I don't know. 079: {D: I don't either.} Interviewer: But they give you it's a three 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 in one shot. # 079: #1 Three things mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 One's diphtheria. # 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 {D: I don't know what the other} # 079: Probably one's for measles or whooping cough or something, Interviewer: #1 I don't I don't really know. # 079: #2 but I don't know what PT is. # Uh-huh. Poliomyelitis maybe. Maybe one's for polio? Interviewer: {D: they give that in there.} 079: Mm-hmm I don't know whether that's a joint one or not. Interviewer: I don't know. 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Typhoid # is the T. 079: Diphtheria Typhoid and what would P be? Might be polio. Interviewer: {NW} 079: {NW} Interviewer: {D: Really vary in form.} 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: A disease that you have severe pain in your side? 079: Appendicitis. Interviewer: Alright, and do you know any old-fashioned names for this? 079: Well you used to say appendicitis. {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: Oh. 079: Appendicitis {C: pronunciation} you'd never be about to say that now but people used to sometimes. Instead of appendicitis, yes they did. Mm-hmm. Uh. Inflammation or something, I don't know what they called may have called it earlier than the name appendicitis. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. When you are nauseated you may? 079: Vomit. Interviewer: Now, is there um 079: #1 Vernacular term? # Interviewer: #2 a nice word? # 079: Throw up. Interviewer: Alright is this a nice word? Do you think of it as avoiding saying vomit. Would you say throw up? 079: {D: I'd as well you say one as the other, I don't like either one.} {NW} Interviewer: Do you are there any other words for this process that you think of? 079: The boys might say upchuck. Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 079: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: Uh he is sick stomach. 079: We'd say at his stomach not to his stomach but some people say to. And you notice how northerners say stomach {C: pronunciation} instead of stomach {C: pronunciation}. Interviewer: Hmm. 079: They say it like I-C-H I but I don't know why they do that, but almost invariably they do. You hear it over the TV. {D: All the time.} Yeah these things that are good for your stomach. {C: pronunciation} {NW} Interviewer: Now I want some terms for dating. When a boy and a girl are dating? 079: Well if they go together all the time, you'd say going steady. And um boyfriend and girlfriend. Can't think. Interviewer: As if they first start out, and maybe they have two dates, you'd say they're what? 079: #1 Going together? # Interviewer: #2 Uh # Well its gonna really I was just asking you to kind of make a distinction 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: if go is going together when they have been are going more regular? 079: I believe so. Used to say that people that that were going together then you say they're steady. They they go steady. That that's a term that's come in well the last fifteen, twenty years. Maybe maybe more recently than that. Interviewer: #1 Can you think of any other terms? # 079: #2 Going steady. # Interviewer: #1 # 079: #2 # Interviewer: How about courting? 079: That's old-fashioned. Interviewer: It is? 079: Yeah. You wouldn't say that no no teenager would say that today I'm sure. Interviewer: No. {NW} 079: Don't believe my boys would. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Are your boys old enough to date? 079: Oh yes. Interviewer: Oh they are? 079: Uh-huh. See some of 'em eighteen. Interviewer: Oh they are? 079: They're from I teach the juniors and seniors seeing lots of them seventeen and eighteen. Interviewer: Oh oh I was thinking of this being more a sophomore. 079: No, it's nine, ten, eleven, and twelve and I do have one tenth grade class. But a lot of them are seniors. So the majority of the boys I teach are s- seventeen, some of 'em eighteen. Interviewer: Oh. 079: One boy that I can't get to study called his folks up the other night told 'em I wished they could get him to study, I just can't make him do it. They said we haven't been able to for eighteen years. {NW} They'd been trying. {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: {NW} Does he live at the school? 079: No, he's a day student. Interviewer: What is a term for refusing to marry someone? 079: Uh uh comma uh no now jilting wouldn't be refusing to marry, that's a sort of a sl- not a slang expression exactly but part so refusing a marriage letter rejecting a proposal? Refusing well you said refusing. What term do you have any term in Interviewer: #1 Not any in particular. # 079: #2 mind? Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: But what about sudden? Would that be jilt do you think? 079: Well maybe. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh what about a dramatic word, do you think of any dramatic word #1 for # 079: #2 Uh # for for refusing to marry? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: I can't think of one. {D: Well there} Interviewer: #1 Uh what about a joking # 079: #2 {D: might be one.} # Interviewer: expression? Think of any joking expressions? 079: She turned him down? Nothing like that. Interviewer: Alright. 079: Might use that. Interviewer: When two people are engaged eventually they are? 079: Married. Interviewer: A female attendant at a wedding is? 079: Maid of honor. Bridesmaid. Matron of honor. Interviewer: Um Do you know a a word for a noisy serenade that may take place after a 079: #1 Chivaree. # Interviewer: #2 wedding? # 079: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Do you can you describe one of those? 079: Only from things I've read I never heard one but its noisy singing and maybe it was different kinds of uh well maybe uh {NW} cymbals or guitar or banjo or something to make a lot of noise. Interviewer: I don't guess you've heard of this being done? 079: #1 No mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 {D: Like?} # 079: In fact I've never known it to be done where I was. Where I knew of its just been in stories or plays or magazines or something. Interviewer: Alright. Now I'm looking for a preposition for the location here. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: He lives the brown place. 079: He lives in the brown place. I would say. Not at. For that. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Um would you ever say over at? Do you think? 079: I might say she's over at Mary's if I was saying somebody was over at there was somebody was at somebody else's house and I won't tell you where she was. I I might say she's over at Lucy's. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. He went to Atlanta yesterday. 079: Well now what do you want me to s- Interviewer: #1 Uh a direction # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: sort of. How would you say this? Would you put would you say he went to Atlanta or would you say would you put something else in there? 079: No I think I'd just say he went go to went down to Atlanta. You think means something like that? Interviewer: That's what I'm thinking. 079: #1 Up and down we # Interviewer: #2 {D: Because like} # 079: sh- we use up and down for north and south. Don't we? And you go down to Atlanta and up to Chattanooga. Interviewer: What about over? How would you? Would you? 079: Over to Gadsden if that's east or west. Interviewer: I see. 079: Mm-hmm. Is the way I'd do it. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. Instead of saying the wh- the entire crowd, you might say 079: Say the whole crowd. Interviewer: Now is there a derogatory expression for groups of people together? 079: Mm like gang? Or mob?` Hmm. Can't think of any other than that. Interviewer: Alright it uh a prom is a school? 079: Dance. Interviewer: Can do you know of any terms used for parties that involve dancing? Any special words? 079: Mm um. Let's see s hop. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 I love that there. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # Have a sock-hop you know? Something like that? Interviewer: Does your school have dances? 079: Uh-huh. Yeah whole Interviewer: Where do they get the girls? From 079: Oh they import 'em from town and from out of town everywhere. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 Sometimes # I get 'em dates if I have some cute little girl I want to help Interviewer: Ho ho. 079: date somebody that's cute {NW} Interviewer: You're a #1 matchmaker. # 079: #2 {NW} # Oh yeah. {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: Now you this ought to be right up your alley. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: When you're te- saying that a boy didn't attend class, he class. 079: He cut class. Interviewer: Alright now would you say this for one class or would you change terms if he didn't come all day? 079: No he cut his classes all day. Interviewer: You wouldn't say it's something preferred the whole day? 079: No uh he laid out. {NW} That's a slang expression but that's what we use. {C: laughing} Its it {D: I ask her if sometimes he stayed out on purpose} so that we'd say he laid out. {NW} Interviewer: Uh at a school at school you sit at a uh 079: Desk. Interviewer: And more than one of these is are? 079: Desks. {NW} Interviewer: Its very important for a young man today to get a good? 079: Education. Interviewer: And this usually involves after high school going on 079: #1 to college. # Interviewer: #2 to? # Now when you are mailing something and you want it to go at the highest postage rate not air mail but so that it gets there speedily you would mail it? 079: First class. Interviewer: Now in using this to refer to education how do you think of do you think of it as saying a first class education how how 079: #1 Uh. # Interviewer: #2 what would you think of? # 079: Can't think of what one term I'd use. Uh if you're speaking of the school he went to we'd say attended and graduated from a standard college. And it met all of the requirements and accredited. Interviewer: If someone said um he has a first class education, what would you interpret that as meaning? 079: Well I today you'd think it meant a college education because many more people go to college today than did a generation or two ago. But if you thought of really a first class education it would be high school and college. Interviewer: Would it have anything to do with the kind of school you went to? 079: Yes uh you might say that the small high schools in some towns are not well enough manned and equipped to get a first class education. Interviewer: {D: I see.} Well how else would you use the terms first class other than the ways we've talked about? 079: Going first class on the ship. Interviewer: #1 You don't think about that. # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 You know that. # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: The building where you go to check out books is the? 079: Library. Interviewer: Where you go to mail letters is 079: #1 Post office. # Interviewer: #2 the? # If you wanna stay overnight in a strange town you'd stay at a? 079: Hotel. Motel. {NW} Interviewer: Alright if you go to see a play you go to the? 079: Theater. Interviewer: If you're very sick you go to the? 079: Hospital. Interviewer: At a hospital there is a lady in a white dress. 079: And she is a nurse. Interviewer: {NW} You want to catch a train you go? 079: To the station. But you won't get one cause there aren't any more. {D: You hear all?} You can't get a train in or out of Rome. Not a Interviewer: #1 Not one? # 079: #2 passenger train. # Not a passenger train Interviewer: #1 If you wanted to catch a train # 079: #2 comes through Rome. # Interviewer: you'd have to go to 079: #1 You have to go with uh # Interviewer: #2 Atlanta? # 079: #1 there's nothing going through Cedartown anymore # Interviewer: #2 {D: There's one that was} # 079: there's the uh Silver Comet used to go from New Orleans to New York you know and went through Cedartown we just had to go about twenty miles to get it. But its taken off. Oh there just aren't many trains anymore. Now of course they still go through Atlanta. Some trains still Interviewer: #1 Well all # 079: #2 running. # Interviewer: the stations in Atlanta's 079: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 closed. # 079: Oh it's just all {D: Vern} I think's gonna close the terminal to passenger traffic I don't think there are any more passenger trains coming at the terminal. Think they all go to Brookwood. Mm. I believe I'm right about that. Interviewer: I don't know 079: #1 I think somebody I think well I think # Interviewer: #2 {D: I'm don't I'm not a train conductor} # 079: somebody told me that. Uh you just don't get train travel anymore very much. {NS} Interviewer: You might tell a bus driver I want at the next stop? 079: I want off. Or I want to get off. At the next stop. Interviewer: {D: The Floyd is the} 079: What now? Interviewer: Uh {NW} Rome is the city 079: #1 Uh where # Interviewer: #2 where Floyd is the # 079: county. Interviewer: And the the center of county government the town is called? 079: The county seat. Interviewer: Uh the war between the north and the south is the? 079: Uh well supposedly if you're a loyal southerner you call it the War Between the States, if you're a northerner you call it the Civil War but I call it the Civil War. {NW} Interviewer: D It do you 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 think they make this # 079: #1 There is a distinction. # Interviewer: #2 distinction? # 079: {NW} {D: Their rabid} {D: confederism} {NW} was because it was the war between the states. {C: laughing} Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is there anything uh oh any old fashioned ways of referring to this? 079: To the Civil War? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 079: Rebellion. Sometimes its called a rebellion, the War of the Rebellion. Uh. The War of Secession I can't think of anything else. What now Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 you had any in mind? # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 Its just the question # ask uh-huh. Interviewer: Washington is the seat of our federal? 079: Government. Interviewer: One of the big issues in the last campaign wasn't uh people who were thinking about crowding the streets and there was a cry for more? 079: Oh. Interviewer: Something and something. Its a catchphrase now. 079: Oh I can't think against violence and and so on. Interviewer: What we need is more? 079: Well I can't think of what you want me to say and I guess I've heard it again and again. Interviewer: Law? 079: Law and order. Yeah. {NW} Interviewer: Now I'm gonna give you some I'm giving you a test. 079: #1 Alright. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # #1 Cause since you're a teacher. # 079: #2 I'll probably fail. # Interviewer: I doubt that. So I'm gonna give you the names of some cities 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: and I want you to tell me the states 079: #1 Okay. # Interviewer: #2 that they're in. # 079: We can go to town on that. Interviewer: Ah I thought so 079: {NW} Interviewer: You oughta be 079: {NW} Interviewer: Alright. Baltimore. 079: Maryland. Interviewer: Roanoke. 079: Virginia. Interviewer: Charleston. 079: South Carolina or West Virginia. Interviewer: Oh well I get two states for the price of one. {C: laughing} 079: Yeah yeah yeah. Interviewer: Winston-Salem. 079: Massachu- Winston-Salem North Carolina. Interviewer: Uh Albany. #1 Not Georgia. # 079: #2 New York or Georgia. # Interviewer: I knew you were gonna do that too. Uh Atlanta. 079: Georgia. Interviewer: Tallahassee. 079: Florida. Interviewer: Birmingham. 079: Alabama. Interviewer: New Orleans. 079: Louisiana. Interviewer: Lexington. 079: Kentucky. Or uh Massachusetts there's a Lexington Massachusetts you know where Interviewer: Oh. 079: the revolution started. Interviewer: Uh. 079: On the green at Lexington, don't ya know? {NW} Where the first fighting Interviewer: #1 Oh yes, # 079: #2 occurred? # #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 of course # Yeah oh the Battle of Lexington. 079: Uh-huh. Lexington and Concord. Interviewer: #1 That's right. # 079: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Nashville. 079: Tennessee. Interviewer: St. Louis. 079: Missouri. Interviewer: Little Rock. 079: Arkansas. Interviewer: Biloxi. 079: Mississippi. Interviewer: And Austin. 079: Texas. Interviewer: Alright. Now we're gonna do it in reverse 079: #1 Yeah good good. # Interviewer: #2 and I'm gonna name some states and you name me some # 079: #1 Cities. Alright. # Interviewer: #2 cities, okay? # I'll stop you when I get the one when I've got all I want. 079: Alright. Alright. Interviewer: Alright, Maryland. 079: Well Baltimore, Annapolis. Interviewer: You can stop. District of Columbia. 079: Well of course there's Washington DC, {D: you know the city.} Interviewer: South Carolina. 079: Columbia, Charleston. Interviewer: Alright. Alabama. 079: {NW} Birmingham, Montgomery. Want some more? Gadsden, Anniston. Interviewer: #1 Some # 079: #2 Mo-Mobile # Interviewer: North Carolina. 079: Raleigh, Charlotte, Winston-Salem. Mm. Greensboro. Have you said the one you want yet? Interviewer: Haven't said the one I want yet. 079: North Carolina Charlotte, Raleigh, Greensboro, Winston-Salem, {D: North Carolina} {D: Um} {D: I know there are more but I can't think of any.} {D: Cause I don't know anybody who lives in} {X} What one you have in mind? Interviewer: Asheville. 079: Well why didn't I say it? Interviewer: Uh I'm not sure we're th 079: From North Carolina. Interviewer: Alright and um a city in North Carolina? 079: Mm-hmm. Oh alright. You want me to say 'em all over again? Interviewer: Uh no just a few. 079: Raleigh, Charlotte, Greensboro, Asheville. Interviewer: Okay. Tennessee. 079: Memphis, Nashville, Knoxville, Fra- uh no Franklin's Kentucky. Um. What'd I say, Memphis, Nashville, Knoxville are the three biggest ones. Interviewer: And another one just north 079: #1 Chattanooga. # Interviewer: #2 of # Uh Georgia? 079: Atlanta, Savannah, Macon, Augusta, Columbus Interviewer: {D: New uh-oh.} 079: Hmm yeah. {C: laughing} Interviewer: {NW} Oh I-Illinois. 079: Hurrying on through it. Um Chicago. Interviewer: Ohio. 079: Uh Columbus, Toledo, Cleveland, Cincinnati. Interviewer: Kentucky. 079: Frankfort, Louisville, Lexington. Interviewer: Okay. Missouri. 079: St. Louis, Jefferson City, Columbia. Interviewer: Louisiana. 079: New Orleans, Baton Rouge. Interviewer: Okay. Ten and now if you're talking about uh lengths of distance 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Ten is as far as I could go that day. 079: Ten miles? {NW} I'd be dead if I had to walk ten miles. Interviewer: Well I hope not. 079: {NW} Interviewer: Uh you know I'm reading Thomas Hardy's novels now 079: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 And these # people walk 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 all the time # I'm exhausted by the time I read it 079: #1 {D: Well that is} # Interviewer: #2 They walk # from town to town #1 Twenty miles and just you know # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: for a for a visit. 079: #1 Mm-hmm. Walking. # Interviewer: #2 They'd walk twenty miles. # 079: Imagine that. Interviewer: You take a ruler and you 079: #1 Measure. # Interviewer: #2 something? # I don't know I want to do that. 079: Whether. Interviewer: Um If someone offers you an apple but you would prefer an orange, you would say may I have an orange? 079: Instead. Or rather than an apple. Interviewer: Alright. Would you say instead of? 079: Yeah. Interviewer: Probably or instead. 079: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Why do you like him? I like him he's so funny. 079: Because. Interviewer: Where we go on Sunday is the? 079: Church? Interviewer: It seems he's always late. 079: It seems as if he is always late. Interviewer: Would you ever say seems like? 079: {X} {D: just carelessly.} Mm-hmm. Seems like we all knew this. Interviewer: Alright. Uh there is a saying um a biblical expression "What God hath together let no man" 079: "What God hath joined together let no man put asunder." Interviewer: Uh the minister's address in church is the? 079: Sermon. Interviewer: We call the supreme being? 079: God. Interviewer: Now do you know of any special ways that we would refer to him in a reverent way and in a profane way? 079: Well in a reverent way in prayer you'd say "Our Father." Um I don't know profane way say jus- just taking the name of God in vain just saying oh God I can't do that or something like that. Interviewer: Alright. Uh an organ gives us in our church gives us what? 079: Music. Interviewer: And you might come out of church saying my wasn't the music something today? 079: Beautiful or inspiring. Wonderful. Interviewer: The evil one in our religion is? 079: Satan or the devil. Interviewer: Alright are there any other words you'd use to refer to him? 079: I don't think of one right off. Interviewer: Alright. {NW} Another word for ghost is? 079: Ghost. Um. Oh I can't think of one. {NS} Uh apparition. {NS} Interviewer: W how would you refer to to ghosts? Would you refer to them as ghosts? 079: Yes I'd ask you if you'd ever seen a ghost. And you'd think of a ghost as a white filmy looking something scary. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Alright. And a house where ghosts are supposed to be? 079: Haunted. {NW} Interviewer: Alright. It would be a? 079: Haunted house. Interviewer: And if you're trying to say that its not terribly cold today but 079: A little chilly. Interviewer: uh you would say its? 079: #1 Is # Interviewer: #2 Cold # today. 079: It is chilly today. Interviewer: Its 079: And what'd you s-? Interviewer: Its how cold its? 079: Uh its Interviewer: Would you say its rather cold 079: #1 Uh I'd say # Interviewer: #2 {D: or?} # 079: I'd say its awfully chilly awfully cold. {C: laughing} Interviewer: If it wasn't that cold, would you say? 079: Quite cold. Sorta cold. Sorta we use that sort of and kind of a lot don't we? Interviewer: Alright. Would you say sort of or kind of? 079: Its sort of cold today. Interviewer: Alright. Um I'll do it if you insist, but I'd really not. 079: Rather not. Interviewer: When someone doesn't like to spend money you say they're? 079: Stingy or close or tight. Interviewer: {NW} And if you my husband says this to me 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 frequently, # if you're trying to put something in a hole and it won't go and you push and push and push someone might say don't or you'll break it. 079: Well don't Interviewer: Don't try to? 079: Force it? That's what I'm thinking mm-hmm. Interviewer: {NW} What are some expressions of strong affirmation that you might use if you wanted if someone said um are you able to do that? You you really wanted to say it strongly you might not just say yes you might say? 079: Uh. Interviewer: Uh surely. 079: Sh- uh Interviewer: But would you say that? 079: Of course I can. As a matter of fact I wouldn't say sure. I might say surely. I can't that sounds a little. Interviewer: Would you say certainly? 079: {D: Certainly more rather than that I'd say certainly I can I might say that.} Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. What about the terms yes sir and yes ma'am? Or no sir and no ma'am? 079: Well you we in my experience a child is taught to say that to any older person. Uh an older person might say it to somebody in authority. Somebody that um was um well for instance you might say yes sir to the man that's your boss. Uh if he asked you something. But you don't say it to your uh people your age and your associates. If you said something to me I wouldn't say yes ma'am, I'd say just yes. A clerk in a store would say yes ma'am we have some. Where she wouldn't say it just to her close friend or acquaintance. Interviewer: Do we ever use that um for emphasis? 079: Yes. Uh yes ma'am I'll do it. {NW} Interviewer: Alright. Um How would you greet an intimate friend? Uh what are some expressions of greeting? 079: Well there are sort of the slang one but one we use a good bit is hi. Um. Or. Hello. How are you? Something like that. The the least formal one I guess would be hi. {NW} Interviewer: Alright and for a casual acquaintance? Would you say hi? 079: I'd come here saying hello to them I guess. Interviewer: What about when parting? What expressions might you use then? 079: Well we say goodbye. Uh We'd say We'll be seeing you {NW} Something like that. Interviewer: If someone comes to visit in your home and they're leaving what might you say to them? 079: Come again. Mm. Like that? Interviewer: Alright. On December the twenty-fifth or thereabouts you wish people? 079: A merry Christmas. Interviewer: Are there any synonyms for this? Any other way? 079: Uh {NW} {X} What people used to say in the south a good bit and I've heard someone say Christmas gift. You know on Christmas they'd say that rather than merry Christmas. Interviewer: Uh are there any special customs that you think of for Christmas? 079: Yes uh we could say a lot of different things the the food they have is traditional. The turkey and the fruitcake and the ambrosia and so on. And the Christmas tree and the children hanging up the stockings and the exchanging Christmas presents and singing carols and doing Christmas shopping and wrapping back the packages. Interviewer: Alright. Um around the first of the year you wish people? 079: Happy New Year. Interviewer: Are there any other ways you do this? 079: Yuletide, a happy Yuletide or something like that. Interviewer: Alright. What about special customs for New Years? 079: We don't have as many for that uh peas and hog jowl to have for good luck the rest of the year. And uh. Make good resolutions at least you're gonna do so-and-so in the new year. Interviewer: Alright. Do you know a word for something that's thrown in with a purchase or given you when the bill is paid? 079: Sometimes called a bonus or a {NW} What do you call anything? When they give you something I can't think of a word that I might use. There's something. Do you know of one? Interviewer: No, I 079: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: There's something I bonus is more w- what your boss would pay you ex extra that you weren't expecting. Uh I can't think particular. Sometimes free samples are put put in. Um. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of brawtus? 079: What now? Interviewer: Brawtus. 079: Uh-uh. How do you spell it? Interviewer: Oh B-R-A-W-T-U-S. 079: Never heard of it. Interviewer: What about pillon? P-I-L-L-O-N? 079: Uh-uh. No. Interviewer: What about um lagniappe? 079: Now that word means something what does it mean? I know about I've seen that word but its not in my vocabulary. What does it mean? I'd have to look it up. I really would, mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh a building where you park your car is a? 079: Garage. Interviewer: What is a shellfish that is frequently put into um boiled form with a sauce and is referred to as some kind of cocktail? 079: Shrimp. Interviewer: A chocolate bar that's known by the name of its manufacturer? 079: Hershey. Interviewer: Uh a color of brown that is lighter than a tan and yet not quite a cream color is? 079: Beige? Interviewer: I think if if you're trying to say I think I'll have time but I'm not sure, is there any other way that you would say this? 079: I maybe have time. Interviewer: Do you ever use reckon? 079: Not uh no I don't that's slang kind of to me. People say I reckon she will I reckon I might be able to. No I don't use the word reckon myself. Interviewer: Alright. Speaking of making purchases, I had to do some down. 079: Shopping. Interviewer: And when you shop, someone puts paper around something he it up? 079: Wraps it up. Interviewer: Alright, in the past he? 079: Wrapped it up and he will wrap it up tomorrow, he has wrapped it in the past. {NW} Interviewer: So when you get home you? 079: Unwrap it. Interviewer: Alright. 079: And lose it. {NW} At the time. {C: laughing} A spool of thread is a. Interviewer: Uh he had to sell it at opposed to profit. At a? 079: At a discount? At what now? Interviewer: #1 Uh he # 079: #2 As opposed to buying at a loss. # Uh-huh. Interviewer: You don't buy something because its too expensive, you might say it too much. 079: It cost too much. Interviewer: At the end of the month, a bill is? 079: Sent to you? Rendered? Interviewer: #1 Uh and # 079: #2 Mm. # Interviewer: when its rendered it becomes? 079: Due. Interviewer: When you join an organization yearly you must pay your? 079: Dues. Interviewer: And to do this you might have to if you don't have enough money you might have to? 079: To borrow. Interviewer: Uh when money is you say money is tight, you really mean it is? 079: Well you mean that there doesn't seem to be as much in circulation people do not seem as ready to buy and to invest. And maybe if you borrowed money you'd have to pay higher interest. Interviewer: Well when you were referring I I'm really thinking more of anything that is not easy to come by, and you'll say that item is certainly? 079: Scarce. Interviewer: That's what I'm thinking of. Do you know a term for coasting down a hill on a sled? 079: Tobogganing or um just coasting. Um you can use the expression sledding. Interviewer: If you go down lying down does this? 079: That is uh {D: what do they call that, bad booster or something?} Is that what you {D: what can name the variance} {NW} I haven't had too much experience on sleds. Interviewer: If you dive into a swimming pool and land on your stomach in the water, you have done a? You've what? 079: Oh what do you call that? Uh. No, I can't think of what that is honey. Interviewer: Alright. Uh children frequently get down on the floor and turn? 079: Somersaults? Interviewer: If land is very rich and able to grow things 079: #1 Fertile. # Interviewer: #2 easy. # Uh if you're telling someone to be quiet you might say? 079: Hush. {NS} Interviewer: Now we're talking about a few more words. 079: Mm. Interviewer: We're talking about the word swim. 079: Swam swum. {NW} Interviewer: Uh dive? 079: I dive today I dived yesterday I have dived many times. Interviewer: Drown. 079: Drown? Today I was He was drowned yesterday uh many people have drowned in this lake. Interviewer: Alright. Uh something that you do in church especially, and there are frequently little benches in front 079: Kneel. Interviewer: Alright, you would say she? 079: Knelt. Interviewer: #1 Yesterday # 079: #2 Yesterday. # Interviewer: she 079: Knelt and she has knelt many times. Interviewer: Alright. {NW} I'm tired, I think I'll down for a while. 079: Sit down Interviewer: Or? If you wanna go 079: Lie down. Interviewer: {NW} He in bed all day. 079: He lay in bed all day. Interviewer: And referring to the little pictures that you have in your mind when you're asleep, I all night. 079: Dreamed. Interviewer: Alright. Speaking of coming out of sleep, I early this morning. 079: I waked up or I woke, but we wouldn't say I woke that's kinda poetic. I waked up. Interviewer: Uh if you do {NS} this on the floor you? 079: Stamp your foot. Interviewer: May and your offering to help someone to get to their house, you might say may I? 079: May I take you home? May I give you a ride? May I give you a lift? I wouldn't say lift, I'd say may I give you a ride. I'd just say I'll take you home. Interviewer: Now would you make a difference if you're going to just walk with someone or if you're gonna take them in a car? 079: Yes, you wouldn't you'd say take you home if you're gonna take 'em in a car. But if you was gonna just go with 'em you might say may I go with you? Or I'll go along with you, that might just be walking. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What about walk you home? Do you ever use? 079: I wouldn't use that expression, people used to I think that's old fashioned kind of for a boy to walk a girl home from school or something. Interviewer: If you take ahold of a door handle that is stuck, and do this, you are? You? 079: Jerk it. Pull it. Interviewer: And the opposite would be? 079: Close it. Interviewer: To and so? 079: Push it to. Or close it. Interviewer: I a heavy suitcase up the stairs. 079: I carry the heavy suitcase. Interviewer: Alright is there anything else you might use there? 079: Some people might use the word tote, but I never used that word. {NW} Interviewer: Now would this have anything to do with the fact that it was heavy? 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That you would use # 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 tote? # 079: I don't know whether it would or not. Cause I never did use that expression. A-Alright Collin you can come in now right. Uh you go use if you go use the vacuum in there let me see Collin have you have you done the porch and downstairs? Auxilary2: I did downstairs but not the porch. 079: Well do the porch and maybe we'll be nearly through then. Interviewer: We're three more pages. 079: Alright. Alright. Interviewer: Um if you had something very fragile on a table and a child was reaching for it, what would you might say? 079: You'd say {NW} don't touch it. Interviewer: Alright would you ever put a you in there and say don't you touch it? 079: You might. Don't you touch that. Especially if it were sort of emphatic. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh if you wanted me to give you a knife out of the kitchen, how would you tell me to go to do 079: #1 Bring me a knife. # Interviewer: #2 it? # Would you ever say go bring? 079: You might say yes you might say go get that out of the go get the book on the table. Yes I might say that. Interviewer: Alright. Someone throws a ball and I? 079: Catch it. Interviewer: And who 079: #1 Threw. # Interviewer: #2 it? # 079: Who threw the ball? Interviewer: And who? 079: Has thrown it before? Interviewer: Well um who threw it and then 079: #1 Who caught it? # Interviewer: #2 who? # 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: If you are ready to go somewhere and someone else isn't, you might say? 079: #1 I'll wait for you. # Interviewer: #2 Uh. # 079: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # If you have done something badly the first time you might ask someone to give you a second? 079: Chance. Or opportunity, but you'd probably say chance. Interviewer: If someone's very happy and opposed to being feeling bad you'd say you're in a good? 079: Humor. Or a good mood. Interviewer: Alright. I want those bugs. And you're talking about completely exterminating them. 079: Oh you mean I want those bugs killed? Interviewer: #1 I want # 079: #2 {D: Should that be?} # Interviewer: blank those bugs. What do you want to do to 'em? Or what? As opposed to get to uh keeping them, you want? 079: Get rid of 'em. Interviewer: Would you use this 079: Exterminate if you wanted to use a big word. Interviewer: Would you say ever say get rid of bugs? 079: Yeah I'll get rid of the ants or whatever. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. If you came in and your pencil had been on your desk and it was gone and you wanted to accuse someone 079: {NW} Interviewer: of having taken it, you would say? 079: {D: I hope the children say that} Who stole my pencil? Interviewer: {NW} 079: But I'd say did anyone borrow Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 my pencil? # {NW} Interviewer: Do you think um children would use stole more often? 079: Yeah, I know they would. Interviewer: #1 What about # 079: #2 Somebody stole my book. # Interviewer: #1 What about swiped? # 079: #2 That's all they # Interviewer: Do they use this now? 079: Not much, boys might use it just {D: slang-ish sort of.} Interviewer: But stole would 079: #1 Mm-hmm. Yeah they # Interviewer: #2 is their common. # 079: think everybody's stolen everything they've got. Interviewer: {NW} 079: I say its right where you left it yesterday. Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: You must be great 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 with those boys. # 079: Yeah they're the best class. Interviewer: Um the word write. Would you like to tell me about the word 079: #1 Like I write # Interviewer: #2 write? # 079: letters Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 079: #2 today # I wrote it yesterday, I've written it many times. Interviewer: {NW} 079: {NW} Interviewer: And now that I have written him I expect? 079: An answer. Him to reply. Expect him to answer. Interviewer: Alright. When you open when you put the letter in the envelope, then you? 079: Uh may I seal it. Interviewer: #1 And then # 079: #2 And maybe # Interviewer: #1 {D: you will?} # 079: #2 {D: stop it.} # Interviewer: When you write on the front you 079: #1 You put the address. # Interviewer: #2 are? # Alright. Uh is there any other synonym that you know of for address? A letter? 079: To address a letter? Directed I guess you could say I direct this letter. But more of it I don't think of anything else. Interviewer: Alright. If one of your students comes in and gives you some fantastic uh answer that you really haven't expected, you might say who on earth you that? 079: Who on earth told you that? Or? {NW} Just kinda what? Interviewer: Did you ever use taught? 079: #1 Talked? # Interviewer: #2 Who # Taught. 079: Might, yes, mm-hmm. Interviewer: What is a child's nickname for a person who tattles or tells 079: #1 Tattletale. # Interviewer: #2 tales? # I'm sorry? 079: Tattletale. Interviewer: The sweet smelling parts of plants are the? 079: Is it the stainings or something had the sweet? Interviewer: #1 Well in a more general? # 079: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Daisies and roses are both? 079: Uh fragrant? You thinking of words to describe 'em? Interviewer: #1 I'm looking, # 079: #2 {X} # Interviewer: just a general term for daisies, roses, peonies, these are all? 079: I don't Can't think what you mean other than you said i-if they had a good smell? Interviewer: #1 Well I'm thinking of the # 079: #2 {D: You make sure of that?} # Interviewer: smelly part 079: Uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 that's really not not at one # 079: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #1 of the technical part. # 079: #2 Uh-huh. # Interviewer: Uh you might have a vase of cut? 079: Flowers. Interviewer: #1 That's what I was thinking of. {C: laughing} # 079: #2 Mm oh I see. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: And in order to take these flowers from the bush you say you're going to? 079: Pick some flowers. Interviewer: A name for a child's plaything? 079: Well I heard toy. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: If someone tells you something that you had suspicion all along, you can say I all along. 079: I'd say I suspected that all along. Interviewer: Mm or if you're if you were a little more certain? I? 079: I knew that all along, I Interviewer: That's what I was thinking of. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: How else would you use knew? Are there any other? 079: Uh. {NW} You might you might be just in connection with a question I knew the answer. And another way might be I knew her for many years. Could mean associated with I she was a friend of mine yes its are two distinct feelings, aren't they? In a way. Hmm hmm. {NW} Interviewer: Alright would you like to tell me about the word give? 079: Give? Ga- give it today, gave it yesterday, and had given it many times. Interviewer: Alright. {C: laughing} 079: {NW} Interviewer: The word begin. 079: Begin. Begin began begun. Interviewer: The word come. 079: I come today, I came yesterday, I have come many times. Interviewer: The word see with the eyes. 079: See saw seen. Interviewer: {NW} If you're going over a road where perhaps there's been construction work and there are big potholes and its in pretty bad condition, you might say that road was all? 079: {NW} {NW} It had ruts. It was bumpy, it was rough. I don't just. Interviewer: Would you ever use torn up? 079: Might mm-hmm yes the road is torn up yes I would. Interviewer: Okay. You give her a bracelet and then you tell her to go ahead and? 079: Wear it? Put it on? Interviewer: We're talking about the word do. Alright would you like to tell me a? 079: Do, did, and done. Interviewer: And in the present? He his homework every night. 079: He does his homework every night. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alright. {C: laughing} 079: {NW} Interviewer: You open a box and its empty. There's inside. 079: Nothing inside. Interviewer: The opposite of nothing is? 079: Something. Interviewer: It is a good one, I'm sorry we lost it. 079: Well now wait I don't get just what you're getting. Interviewer: Um. If you're trying to say? 079: Good {D: game?} No? Interviewer: {D: Is.} 079: {NW} Interviewer: Well I don't know how to do it. Would you ever say its such a good one, I'm sorry we lost it? 079: Yes. Yes we use such that way a lot. Interviewer: Would you? Would you be likely to say that? Or would you say something else? 079: Well now I could I use such in that connection like I'd say that's such a little thing, I wouldn't get upset over it. Something like that. Interviewer: I see. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright. There is a song that says I'll be loving you? 079: Always. Interviewer: If we're talking about a length of time, we might say we've been doing this interview four o'clock. 079: Since four o'clock. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: That was no accident, he did that? 079: On purpose. Interviewer: Alright. I am going to him the question. 079: I am going to ask him the question? Interviewer: Yesterday I? 079: Asked. And have asked many times. Interviewer: {NW} 079: A lot of people don't put the E-D {D: on it.} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 079: #2 {X} # Mm. Interviewer: We're talking about the word fight. 079: Mm-hmm. Fight today, fought yesterday, have fought many times. Interviewer: Alright. He stuck a knife in the pig and then he it out. 079: Pulled it out? Interviewer: Alright. Now would you count to twenty rapidly for me? 079: One two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty. Interviewer: Alright. And twenty plus five plus two is? 079: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: Can you count to twenty as if you were playing hide and seek? 079: Five ten fifteen twenty twenty-five thirty. Interviewer: Would there be a a intimate I think your phone's ringing. Bet you better. 079: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Uh Did you did you ever make a kind of a a pattern out singing it did you ever go five ten fifteen twenty? {C: singing} 079: We might no I don't know that we did, {D: but I can sing it in my head.} Interviewer: But but you didn't 079: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 079: We did that naming the books of the Bible. A little song Mark Matthew {D: Mark} Luke and John. Interviewer: #1 Oh did you? # 079: #2 {NW} # Uh-huh. Interviewer: Oh I didn't know that. Twenty plus ten is? 079: Thirty. Interviewer: Twenty plus twenty is? 079: Forty. Interviewer: Forty plus thirty is? 079: Seventy. Interviewer: This is really up your your 079: Very cute yes. Interviewer: {NW} Fifty plus fifty is? 079: This is a hundred. {NW} Interviewer: And nine hundred plus a hundred? 079: Is a thousand. Interviewer: And if you're going counting upward by large numbers you would go from a thousand maybe to a hundred thousand to? 079: To a million. To a billion to a quadrillion. Interviewer: You can stop. 079: Oh. Interviewer: {NW} There are eleven men in a line the one in front of the eleventh man is the? 079: The one in front of the eleventh man's the tenth man. Interviewer: Mm and in front of him? 079: The ninth. Eight seven six five four three two one. Interviewer: Hold it. You went too fast for me. The ninth, who's in front of the ninth? 079: {NW} The one in front of the ninth is the eighth. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Okay. You you were going five four three two one 079: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 there at the end you're sneaky. # Okay. The one in front of the eighth? 079: The seventh. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 079: #2 And the sixth # And the fifth. And the fourth. And the third. And the second. And the first. {NW} Interviewer: Now. You can't sneak that by me. 079: No. Interviewer: Um. How else would you say all at once? 079: Right now. Or immediately. Or quickly. Interviewer: If something happened all at once it happened how? 079: Suddenly. Um. Instantaneously. Interviewer: Would you ever use all of the sudden? 079: Yes sort of this is uh uh not exactly slang but all of the sudden she decided to do so-and-so. Uh-huh. Interviewer: Would this be exactly the same as suddenly only just a different way of saying it? 079: Yes. If she decided very quickly. All of a sudden. {C: laughing} {NW} Interviewer: If you wanna say something is two times as good as something else? 079: Twice as good. Interviewer: Twelve months of the year. Would you name them? 079: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December. Interviewer: Alright. {C: There is no more speech after 47m25s}