Interviewer: {NS} Alright now I think that that's {C:mumbling} Oh okay {C:mumbling} {NS} Um. What do you call the place where the cows sheep and uh other livestock might graze? Right in close. Near the barn. 117: You talking about the pasture? Interviewer: Okay. Now a pasture is um uh A pasture might be quite a distance from the from the barn. I was thinking of something that might be fenced in close to the barn. 117: I wouldn't I wouldn't get that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: Pasture's all I know. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. Well what do you call the open area right around the barn? 117: Oh we call that the uh lot. Interviewer: Okay that's what I was getting at. Whether you call it a barnyard or a lot you see. Now 117: Barnyard's what you wanted. Interviewer: Well either one. Are is that different from a lot or is it the same thing? 117: {X} We call it we called it a horse lot out there and then the cow one was separate but Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Um do you um do you make a distinction among different kinds of sizes of of fields that you're planting things in? 117: Yeah {D:definitely} we had pastures yeah. #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 117: Now you're getting down. Interviewer: Okay. Now what what is a patch and how big would it be and what might you grow in it? 117: A patch could be anything that grows. Interviewer: I see. And #1 how # 117: #2 We had a # watermelon patch and a goober patch and then uh sweet potato patch #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: you didn't have those in fields your your fields was was your staple crop. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But they the patches wa- was the patch how how large could it be and still be a patch? 117: A patch could be as much as uh anywhere from up to four or five acres. Interviewer: Okay. Um. 117: No limit to size of patch it's Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And do you have any other designations for fields I mean are they just patches and fields? Or are there are there different Uh do you make distinctions among different sizes of fields? 117: We didn't. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Now uh around a field you might put up a what? 117: A fence? Interviewer: Okay. Now what kinds of fences um did you uh are you familiar with? 117: Oh well they used to use a rail bit for the zigzag bits but that was there was some some of those old things on the farm when I went there #1 but I # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 117: did all my fencing with a wire. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} how did you keep that wire up? What was what was the wire attached to? 117: To a post. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Did you {X} Did y- how did you have those uh um {X} how were they spaced? How far apart were they spaced? 117: Oh I generally put mine about uh twelve fifteen feet. Interviewer: Put what? 117: My post was about twelve fifteen feet apart I generally walk about five steps and that's where I {D:quite, acquired, count} fifteen feet Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: That's my favorite step five feet and Interviewer: {NW} 117: make a post hole. Interviewer: Okay. 117: Make your fence straight I always try to make them straight. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 117: #2 It leaves # a strain on your post. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: Tighten your {X} Interviewer: Alright. Uh. {X} Do yo- any different kinds of fences uh in town? Uh fences th- that used to used to see around uh around uh houses? A short uh a fence for instance that might be out in front of a house painted white? 117: Oh that was a picket fence. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: Made with some square pickets. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And then there was a paling fence. Interviewer: How do those differ? 117: The difference? {NS} Well a picket was a was an ornamental fence more and it was and a paling was a flat thing about four inches wide. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And it various length and then those {NS} And it could go on in a in the town where you had a {D: briar} fence this it would be solid board call that a {D: briar} fence. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 Then # you had these horizontal types. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: {X} Interviewer: Is there a name for the horizontal the the uh for the horizontal types? 117: I wouldn't know any #1 names for those # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 But a # blind a blind fence is more like is like a almost like a wall right? 117: #1 That's right # Interviewer: #2 This this # 117: solid wall. Interviewer: You can't see #1 see # 117: #2 used to # When we lived in town we had {D:blind, briar} fences between us and our neighbors. Interviewer: Uh-huh. I see they give you some privacy in the 117: That's #1 right # Interviewer: #2 in the # backyard. Um. Uh are there any different kinds of wire fences? 117: Well yes there was uh difference in types of wire barbed wire was what I used and now you take those loom wire fences they were too expensive for for me to use only limited quantities. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: I use uh that {D:olden} wire it's a You know what {X} Interviewer: Well it's like they called a cyclone fence like you see around factories that kind of 117: That's #1 right and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 117: there was a lighter than this it was a lighter than a cyclone. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 {D:It was} # It was a lighter farm fence than that. Interviewer: I se- 117: {X} heights Interviewer: Uh-huh. But a but a a wire just a an ordinary wire fence that uh you sometimes see on fires that are not that that don't have barbs on them Um just a um uh 117: Is it wool wire you're talking Interviewer: No just ordinary wire. 117: #1 You mean # Interviewer: #2 {D:Okay} # 117: a straight wire? Interviewer: #1 Yes. # 117: #2 {X} # {X} is not It was never satisfactory because {NS} you couldn't keep tightening it. Interviewer: I see. Um. What is a a a term for um um expensive or good dishware? 117: Good what? Interviewer: Dishware. Dishes you know? 117: You talking about china? Interviewer: Yeah. Now di- do you do you remember a um um {NW} You raised you had chickens didn't you? 117: Huh? Interviewer: You had chickens didn't you? 117: Yeah. Interviewer: On your farm. Something you put in the in the chicken um nest. Uh the hen's nest the fooler. 117: Oh you talking about those uh eggs. There's made of {D:parson} I think. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you remember what they were called? 117: I do not. Interviewer: Okay. Well I was wondering if you ever called it a china egg? Or a or a nest egg. 117: Well they were they were made of china those Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: eggs but we didn't have to we didn't have to use them our our hen #1 laid # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: without those Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: The the term nest egg though isn't familiar to you? 117: When you go to nest egg and there was uh You could mark a certain egg and leave it in the nest for oh a long period of time Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: {D: and uh.} Interviewer: #1 Well that was # 117: #2 {X} # I wasn't I didn't have any chickens. Interviewer: I see. Okay. Uh what do you uh when you went out to when you went out to the well or out to the pump uh you brought the water back to the house in a what? 117: In a bucket. Interviewer: Okay {NS} and uh 117: A cedar bucket at that. Interviewer: I see. Um. {NW} What other kinds of uh buckets were there besides cedar buckets? Was that the only kind? 117: Oh there was just pine buckets #1 and so # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 117: forth so {D:I, almost} but up at the house they had steel buckets. Interviewer: I see. Um and what was used How did you take the when you take uh um the you took um garbage or out of the house or um uh {NS} {X} food that wasn't eaten out say if you can take it out and give it to the hogs. What would you call that thing that you might carry it out #1 in? # 117: #2 We call # that a slop bucket. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And uh what um uh now in the city though you don't uh You'd call what would you call it in the city? The thing you put your your um um 117: {NS} You got me I'm a country boy I don't know what you call it Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 in the city. # Interviewer: Well the what do you call the people that come around and pick this stuff up? {NS} You know the city {NS} sends 117: The garbage collector? Interviewer: #1 Right. Yeah # 117: #2 Mm-hmm. Yes # Interviewer: That's what I was getting at. Um. What {X} You're gonna fry an egg you put it into what? 117: What? Interviewer: Frying an egg an an implement in the kitchen used to fry an egg? 117: Talking about a skillet? Interviewer: Okay. 117: Alright. Interviewer: Alright. Is a skillet the same thing is is are there is a skillet different from something else? Uh uh similar to that or do you call all those things that you fry eggs in skillets? 117: Well you have a skillet and you have a baker you have a baker that you could bake bread on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How does a- 117: A a baker didn't have any the {D: up friars} A skillet was They got both of 'em brown they were Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 generally # made out of cast. Now you getting me back when I was at home. Interviewer: Okay good. 117: They were they were cast and a skillet had a a rim about that high up. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 And then it would hold a # it holds lots of grease so you could do fry a chicken in a skillet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. It would hold what did you say? 117: Huh? Interviewer: It would hold what? 117: It would hold a lots of of grease #1 I see. # Interviewer: #2 Because you # 117: could fry things in a skillet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: A baker didn't have anything and that's why you bake {X} bake a hoe cake. Interviewer: I see. Okay. Um {NW} what's a hoe cake? 117: Huh? Interviewer: What is a wha- #1 is # 117: #2 What is a # hoe cake? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 Whole # cake. I mean it's it's some cornmeal and a little {D:longer} and {NS} you bake it {X} one side and put 'em over and bake 'em on Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 the other. You ain't # ever had a whole cake you ain't lived Interviewer: Okay. #1 Is that # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: is that is that flat? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Is it flat? 117: #1 Yeah it is # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 117: flat. Interviewer: It's a flat um a flat piece no I don't think I ever have. Now if you ain't ever had a whole cake now if 117: #1 you want # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 117: to the best of eating in the world you'll never get it that's uh ash cakes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What's an ash cake? 117: An ash cake was one that they used to take cornmeal and and water and put it in a shook and put it in the hot embers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And when it come off got done there was You know the difference between an ember and a coal don't you? Interviewer: {NS} Well then at the embers 117: #1 Embers # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 117: E-M-B-E- #1 R-S. Embers. # Interviewer: #2 Yes. {X} Yeah # the embers are the ones that are declining 117: #1 Embers # Interviewer: #2 right? # 117: is a is a red hot ashes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And you put the ash cake in there and you went down there Elizabeth's house and and {X} line had a ash cake down there and you'd bend down the {X} and had the best coal heap in the world. #1 Cornmeal # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: in the world. Interviewer: Is that right no I don't think I've ever had it. Um. Uh what did you call a a heavy iron pot uh that you might use to uh to boil potatoes in? 117: A pot's all we called it. Interviewer: Alright. How about something to boil water for tea? 117: Boil for tea? That's a kettle. Interviewer: Alright. And something you put cut flowers in? 117: Cut flowers in? You call that a vase I reckon. Interviewer: Alright. And at the table the three implements that you have to um uh to eat with? 117: You got a knife and a fork and a spoon. Interviewer: Alright. Now what's the plural of knife? {NS} 117: {NW} {NS} Two knives. {C:laughing} Interviewer: Yeah that's right. That's right Uh-huh. Um. {NS} Now after working in the barn you might what your hands before {NW} before you eat? {NS} 117: Before eating? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: You wanna wanna wash them hands? Interviewer: #1 No that's # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: No no I that's what I wanted you uh to yeah well um uh Now after a um a large uh um meal now the {D:usually} the woman's going to do the dishes. Um she'll wash them and then she'll hold them under clear water and she'll do what? With the the dish to get the soap off. 117: Are you talking about rinsing the soap off? Interviewer: Yes. Uh and then something she might use to remove pieces of food from the plates. 117: Oh you scratch that out with {D:anything from a couple of hands} to remove the food I Interviewer: Okay. Um how about a piece of cloth she might use? {X} to in uh 117: What you talking about dish rags? Interviewer: Okay and then something for drying the dishes 117: Well that would be a a cup towels. Interviewer: Alright. Uh {X} are there a- Name some different kinds of towels. 117: Well Interviewer: Other than a than a cup towel other kinds of towels you have in the house {NS} 117: Well you you getting me lost now. Interviewer: Alright. What would you call that the big towel? 117: That's a big bath towel. Interviewer: Alright. #1 And then # 117: #2 Then # you have you have a hand towel is that the You you got the most of them {X} housekeep. Interviewer: Okay. {C:laughing} Uh. It you go in the kitchen you wanna get a drink of water you turn on the um the turn the water on the water comes out of the what? 117: Over the faucet. Interviewer: Alright. And what would you call that outside the house? You have one on the side of the house and you put a hose #1 to it # 117: #2 Called # a hydrant. Interviewer: Alright. Uh did you ever call it anything other than a faucet? 117: Nope Nope. Interviewer: Alright. #1 You're not # 117: #2 Tap # you talking about? Interviewer: No. #1 Another one. # 117: #2 {X} # Well what do what do {C:laughing} Interviewer: I'll say the #1 word # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: spicket or spigot. 117: Well no a spigot that'll that come out the Suet barrels are spigots. Interviewer: Okay. Um. 117: That's why you had your soil {D:tin} in the barrels in the smokehouse. You ain't said nothing about a smokehouse yet? Interviewer: No {X} Well tell me about a smokehouse. #1 Do you want # 117: #2 Huh? # Interviewer: Describe a smokehouse for me maybe there's some things I'm missing there what uh uh what uh what kinds of things were in a smokehouse? 117: Everything's in a smokehouse. Interviewer: Is that right? 117: Smokehouse was a in my place it's a log building. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And up overhead you had poles and there you you cured your hogs and uh but 'em in brine in a barrel or something in salt for a certain length of time then there were pig mount and hung up there and you smoked it. #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 117: where the smoke come in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} 117: And there your meats cured out in March you you'd take 'em out and you and uh start that smoke you know {X} use hickories chips. #1 And then # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 117: let it uh blaze up and have to watch that and keep it just smoked and a {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And it give your meat a It'll cure your meat and give 'em a delicious flavor. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. How long did you uh how long did you have to smoke things? Um before you could eat them? 117: I I I didn't know. That wasn't my job. Interviewer: I see. But did you you you say you did the you you slaughtered the hogs in the um uh {X} #1 in # 117: #2 And you # stored your meat in the smokehouse and that's where you put your barrows and suet. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And you raised your suet We was raised on suet and cornbread #1 that # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: And ho- and hog meat. Interviewer: Okay. What kind of {D:syrup,suet}? 117: Oh you made it out of {X} plant. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: The {X} folks used ribbon cakes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. That was that was more expensive? 117: Huh? Interviewer: That was more expensive? 117: And yes and hard to grow and then uh {X} he old {D: sauder man} make a quick growth and you know it made seeds you {X} {D: sedum} seeds it This other {X} stuff you had to put save so much {X} canes you know the canes that you'd grind up and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And the fall you'd have {D:bared} so much So very few folks fooled with the {X} cane. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um {NS} wh- you said that uh talking about a uh you said a barrel for the syrup {X} it's called a small something like a barrel only it's smaller that uh uh that you uh that nails would come in? 117: Oh a barrel would hold hold thirty gallons. Interviewer: Okay something much smaller than a barrel though. #1 Bout this # 117: #2 That'd be # a keg. Interviewer: Okay. And you remember what you call those things that go around barrels to keep the staves in place? 117: They're hooks. Interviewer: Okay. And in a in a country store where molasses or lard might be displayed um uh in a they'd have it out on one of 117: They what? Interviewer: They'd have the molasses or lard out for on display. Would you have a special name for that uh form uh that it might be displayed on? 117: That you have it in barrels now. You could use stuff in tierces I did despise 'em. When I went to the store they had the lard come in a tierce which is just a bigger bigger barrel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What'd you call that? 117: Tierce. T-I-E-R-C-E. Tierce. I reckon that's way you Interviewer: #1 pronounce it # 117: #2 Uh-huh. # {D:No looking books} Interviewer: #1 {D:No I see it} # 117: #2 called a tierce. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: We used to get lard in tierces. Interviewer: Uh and you didn't like that cause they were so 117: #1 Oh my # Interviewer: #2 heavy? # 117: god it's such a {X} you'd get greasy from here on down Interviewer: {NW} Uh. If you were pouring something from a large say sugar from a larger container into a smaller one and you met use 117: have a farmer yeah yeah yeah you had to have a farmer Interviewer: Alright. And something you use to might crack over a horse to make it move? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Crack this to make a horse move? 117: You mean a whip? Interviewer: Yeah. And if you were doing that you'd say you were doing what to the horse? You were 117: I didn't have any kind of horses that needed that. Interviewer: Alright if you went to the store and bought a dozen oranges the grocer might put them in a Buy a dozen oranges or apples. The grocer might put them into a 117: What a bag? Interviewer: Alright what is a bag usually made of? 117: What is a bag made of? Well there's a paper bag just like you have Interviewer: Alright. 117: present day Interviewer: Right now if you were gonna buy a hun- buy a hundred pounds of potatoes at a at a store 117: A hundred pounds of potatoes would be in a {X} sack. Interviewer: Okay. Um. The uh the amount of corn that could be milled at one time. What would you call that? You're gonna mill corn and the the amount that could be done at one time? Did you have a 117: You talking about a bushel? Interviewer: Well a bushel a bushel is fine or I was thinking of a bushel or if you use the term uh 117: #1 a # Interviewer: #2 uh # 117: toll if you Interviewer: A what? 117: Toll. Interviewer: A toll of of corn? #1 Or a turn? # 117: #2 {X} don't # quite get what you're Interviewer: Well like a turn of corn or a a 117: A turn {X} that's what you're talking #1 about # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: That's something we we just called 'em a bag but a {X} used to put them on for a {X} to the mill. Put 'em on the {X} and you hop up from behind it Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 {X} # a mill. Interviewer: #1 That's # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Yeah 117: That's what he's talking about Interviewer: Oh 117: {X} Interviewer: Right okay fine. Now. Do you have a name for a for a partial load of wood or coal or something that you might have on a wagon? 117: A partial load? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: No I didn't have a name for Interviewer: Even just something like a half load or a jag or something 117: #1 No I # Interviewer: #2 like that. # 117: didn't get that. We didn't get that. Interviewer: Okay. And the amount that you could carry at one time in your arms talking about wood. Say I had a what of wood? 117: You talking about a ton? Interviewer: Well okay or an arm full or an arm load. Either of those familiar? 117: Well I can tell you {X} Interviewer: Using the term arm what would you say? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: You know using the term arm. 117: I think I would use uh that. I remember we had occasion to use that. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And when women uh on wash days they women take the clothes out of the wash house or or the basement or wherever they're doing the kitchen wherever they're doing the washing They carry it out to the yard in a 117: Now what you hunting? Interviewer: Well I was seeing if either a laundry basket or a clothes basket? 117: Well in {X} we called it clothes basket. Interviewer: Alright. And so th- different kinds of stoppers for bottles. You know you open up a bottle and you take a permanent cap off a bottle and then you put a temporary cap back in it if you don't use the whole uh amount {NS} 117: A bottle stopper what's Interviewer: Right. That's fine. What wood did they used to be made of? They almost all 117: They were cork. Interviewer: Alright. 117: And if you couldn't do no better could you could make a paper stopper if you lost the cork. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And what um How is that made do you mean just just tearing off a piece of paper and uh 117: Just keep {D:riding up and you} {D:keep pitting} and stop the uh stop the bottle yeah. Interviewer: I see. Now this is a musical in- little musical instrument that children use to blow on 117: Oh you talking about a {X} #1 I never # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 117: could blow one. Interviewer: Okay. And then a uh a the one that they used to hold between the teeth and {D:playing} 117: {X} I couldn't blow that either. Interviewer: Okay. And something you use to drive nails with? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Drive nails with. 117: A hammer? Interviewer: Sure. Now these are a couple of parts of a wagon. The part that went up between two horses? 117: That's a tongue Interviewer: Alright and then a buggy the parts that went up on the side? 117: {D:A shed} Interviewer: And the part on the ba- on the front of the wagon that they would pull on? {NS} You know those things that sometimes there was one all the way across 117: Oh you're talking about a doubletree? Interviewer: Alright. Double tree. now is a doubletree two pieces or one 117: Double tree {D:with,are} one piece with a {D:single} {X} added on to Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 the double # tree. Interviewer: And and the single trees were were separate 117: #1 They were # Interviewer: #2 uh # 117: rigged to the horse. A doubletree you were went uh across all the Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 in the # {D:tongue} It was balanced {D:about} that. Interviewer: Okay. 117: And so Interviewer: Alright. And the um the part of a wheel that the what do you call the the iron part of a wheel? 117: That's a tire Interviewer: All right what was that attached to? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: What was that attached to? 117: To a {X} Wait wait a minute #1 a rim # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 117: a rim rim. Interviewer: Alright. 117: Felloes. What was a felloes by the way? Interviewer: That's very good. The 117: #1 spokes # Interviewer: #2 fe- # 117: {X} Interviewer: Yeah no the felloe is the the spokes went into the felloe I think and then the the outer part uh uh of that of the {X} the rim the tire was on the rim. Or sometimes people called the rim and the tire the the 117: The rim was a was a {NS} Interviewer: The outer 117: The piece of wood that shapes the {X} and then you had holes where the spokes Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 {D:went in} # Darned if I know what felloe was {X} Interviewer: I think the felloe was the is another name for that same thing that the spokes went into. 117: I think the felloe was a hole or something like that. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 117: #2 {X} Okay. # I'm not too good about that I mean Interviewer: Alright. Um. And if you were moving wood from one place to another all day long you might say we were doing what? We've been been moving wood back and forth you know all day long. Would you you wouldn't say we've been moving wood Would you say we've been um 117: Got no word for that. Interviewer: {X} like hauling? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Hauling 117: #1 Oh yeah yeah # Interviewer: #2 wood? # 117: yeah {X} Yeah that's right we was hauling wood Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: And if you had if you were ge- if you were uh clearing a field. Clearing the field. You'd say they had to do what to the stumps? They had to after they loosened them they would have to t- to get them away they would have to stumps you know tree trunks that they dig out of the ground. And they dig 'em out of the ground and then they might uh if you had a great big tree trunk you might have to attach it to a mule and then the mule would what it off the field? 117: Well you see they didn't do much {X} in my days {D:You didn't even} Interviewer: Didn't bother #1 {D:with it} # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Huh. # 117: #2 We didn't do that. # Interviewer: #1 Huh. # 117: #2 And I # know they had {X} We used to Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: take those stumps out {X} But they didn't #1 And I never # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 117: pulled them out. Interviewer: I see. Well what I was getting at is the word drag. 117: What? Interviewer: Drag. 117: Drag. Interviewer: Yeah. And so today you say today they drag it out of the field yesterday they they did what with the same using the same word? Today they drag it 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 yesterday # 117: they pulled it. Interviewer: Uh can you use drag. Use a form of drag. Yeah today they drag it yesterday they 117: Drug it is that Interviewer: #1 Sure. Okay. Alright # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And then uh they have the stumps uh out of these fields for years and they still aren't finished. You would say they they have 117: {D:You'd get me} Interviewer: #1 So I'm getting {X} # 117: #2 {X} # You'd Interviewer: #1 No. # 117: #2 get me # on the third grade Interviewer: #1 No no no no # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: I was just getting at hear you say they have dragged it or they have drug it That's all I 117: #1 I'd # Interviewer: #2 wanted # 117: say they drug it. Interviewer: Okay. 117: I drug it. Interviewer: Okay and they have drug it you'd say. 117: Yeah Interviewer: #1 And that's # 117: #2 well # I've realized whatever the results of it I'd say they already {X} say they already drug it. Interviewer: Alright. Um now the inst- the implement that's used for turning soil 117: What you talking about a plow? Interviewer: Now would you name some different kinds of plows for me? 117: Well you you had a mouldboard plow. You had a {X} plow. But you had a mouldboard plow that would would {X} Interviewer: Alright how is that sp- how do you spell that? 117: Mouldboard? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: M-O-U-L-D-B-O-A-R-D. Interviewer: A moul- a mouldboard huh. I see. And and that was kind of a an all-purpose plow? 117: It's an all-purpose plow it's the kind that you had it that That's what the dirt was {D:flying} up on. #1 And then # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 117: {D:which you} {X} {X} soil with the plow. Interviewer: I see. And then were there any di- what could you name some different kinds of plows that 117: Well you had a plow that was just a straight down the Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: arm {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: so go ahead and go Interviewer: That have any special name? 117: Mm-mm no I don't think so I don't know what it Oh yes it had various names but I wouldn't get it I {X} Interviewer: I see well I was just wondering if you how the term a for instance the scooter plow? Do ya know 117: Oh a scooter bulldoze {D:this thing} a scooter bulldoze {D:on this} this plow from back going down under there #1 The # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: the part of the plow would be a scooter yeah. Interviewer: Uh the scooter then is a part of the plow rather than the #1 plow itself. # 117: #2 The scooter # would be the part of the plow yeah that's type of plow. Interviewer: I see. And um something after you uh after you plow that you might uh uh use to break up the the pieces of dirt and 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 uh # 117: talking about a harrow? Interviewer: Okay right. 117: You got various types of harrows Interviewer: #1 What # 117: #2 you got # Interviewer: what kinds were there {X} 117: Well you had a disc harrow then you had a a {D:proof} harrow {X} harrow Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: So I {X} that wood. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And then you had spring teeth. I had two I had two harrows out there when I first Interviewer: I see. The spring tooth is the one that kinda comes around like that. 117: It's like it is it's made with springs {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And uh the pegs is just straight down and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: and there's two different types of them #1 harrows. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # Uh. Something if you were gonna saw wood gonna saw wood do you put it up on this thing 117: Talking about a sawbuck? Interviewer: Alright. Now does a sawbuck have an "x" frame or an "a" frame? Is it like this 117: #1 An "x" frame # Interviewer: #2 or # Alright an "x" frame is a sawbuck. What did you call the one that has an "a" frame? 117: I wouldn't know him. Interviewer: Um. The um that um It's almost like a piece of carpenter's equipment. 117: #1 I wouldn't know it. # Interviewer: #2 Have you ever used the term # sawhorse? 117: Who? Interviewer: Sawhorse. 117: Oh a sawhorse Yeah yeah I know what you're talking about now but He's different from You take have to have about two of them. Interviewer: Yeah. 117: To balance your thing a a a book's all they made like that and Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 There's no # {D:proper way} to balance it. {X} Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 {X} # who you're talking about going to saw a number with your with your sawhorse he's a made like that. Interviewer: The "a" frame right? {NW} Okay. And you might use a comb on your hair or you might use a 117: brush? Interviewer: Alright and instead of firing uh you you fire shells in a shotgun uh in a rifle you fire a not a sh- you don't call that a shell in a rifle you call it a 117: Cartridge? Interviewer: Yeah. And this is something that children play on one sits on either end and it goes up and down like that 117: What a seesaw? Interviewer: Sure. And when kids are doing this what do you say they're doing? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: When children are doing this You s- what do you say they're doing? 117: Seesawing. Interviewer: Okay and were there any other uh uh homemade uh uh playthings like this that you're fa- you remember? 117: Yeah yeah yeah was a big old oak {D:raven} hung up on the end of the tree. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And uh you'd get in there and you'd stand up and pump. Interviewer: I see. 117: And the log it was {X} somebody would run over here and you {NS} if he rewind his {X} to a swinging oak Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: and in that's the way he let the cat die that's when {X} Interviewer: Oh you 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 call that # 117: motion. Interviewer: Call that letting the cat die #1 huh # 117: #2 letting the cat die # Interviewer: #1 I see # 117: #2 the swing # {X} Interviewer: I #1 see # 117: #2 {X} swinging # Interviewer: Uh-huh. And do you remember uh a um uh a homemade merry-go-round? 117: Yeah yeah yeah yeah I remember {D:those} Interviewer: Remember what that was called? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Did that have any special name 117: It might have but I my neighbors had one I didn't have one of #1 those things # Interviewer: #2 I see. # A- um the uh I was thinking of the term flying jenny? If that was a flying jenny. 117: I guess that's what Interviewer: Or or a uh uh a board a uh a limber board long limber board that kids would sit on it was attached to either end. #1 Sometimes # 117: #2 {X} # That thing had a a post in the ground with a iron pillar up here. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 And an # old board that and and it was I was too little to {X} They get around and they run around and then you liable to fall off. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 I was too # little to be permitted to ride on #1 flying # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: jennies. Interviewer: I see that was a flying jenny though #1 I see. # 117: #2 That's a flying # Interviewer: #1 Was it was # 117: #2 jenny. # Interviewer: I see. Okay. Uh if you have a uh um a coal stove 117: A what? Interviewer: A coal stove in the house. A coal stove. 117: We didn't use coal we had a wooden stove. Interviewer: Okay. 117: #1 We had # Interviewer: #2 But # 117: fireplaces. Interviewer: Alright. If uh the d- do you know what you'd call a small container for coal? That you'd keep near a um near 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 a # Sure. And if you're and when you clean out the uh you we're talking {D:the whole} about cleaning the cleaning soot out. Would say you clean the soot out of the what? 117: Chimney? Interviewer: Yeah or this is something on the stove. 117: A stove pipe? Interviewer: Sure. 117: #1 Yes # Interviewer: #2 And # this has one wheel and two handles and you use it to 117: Wheelbarrow. #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 A-alright # And now these are several different kinds of things for sharpening uh uh implements. 117: A grindstone is what I Interviewer: Alright. That's the 117: #1 And then # Interviewer: #2 one # 117: I had a little uh ember wheel from a mowing machine. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How about something that a a a kind of rock or stone that you might hold in your hand? 117: A stone? Interviewer: A s- yeah would you call that anything special or just a stone? That you might use for sharpening say a scythe or uh an ax. 117: Oh well all I know is a grindstone you had it And I had plenty of grind- #1 -stones # Interviewer: #2 I see # 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 I was thinking of some- # either a a a whetstone or 117: Oh yes a a whetstone I didn't Interviewer: didn't use that though huh. The emery the emery wheel though that was a uh that was a uh smaller grindstone. 117: That's right it Interviewer: {NS} 117: That emery wheel was thing who you your mowing machine you it it fits your mowing machine blades {X} Interviewer: Alright. And um uh talked about before about a uh these uh the well the I I drove up here in a what? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: I drove up here I drove down from Atlanta in a what? 117: In an automobile. Interviewer: Alright or more 117: motor vehicle {D:what} Interviewer: Oh just uh a simpler word a shorter word than 117: Car? Interviewer: Sure. Uh. But you usually use the term automobile when you're 117: Yeah I I I would say automobile I didn't Interviewer: Okay. Um. The um when you take a car into a a gas station uh you might have 'em check the water and 117: oil? Interviewer: Right. Now before they had electricity people used to to burn what in their lamps? 117: We'd burn kerosene. Interviewer: Alright you ever called it anything else? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Did you ever call it anything else? 117: No I I really think kerosene. We said kerosene. Interviewer: Alright. And and uh uh if you built a boat little boat ya know and you took it down to the water you were gonna put it into the water for the first time you say we're going to do what the boat? 117: Launch it? Interviewer: Okay. And um is there any difference you name some different kinds of um of um of boats? That were um uh uh found around here that kind of boats were used in rivers and streams #1 around here? # 117: #2 Only thing # I know was was just an ordinary bateau. And uh a ferryboat only thing that I Interviewer: #1 know of. # 117: #2 Alright. # Interviewer: Now {NW} was a bateau a homemade boat? 117: That's right it a homemade boat. Interviewer: What what were they what did they look like? 117: Huh? Interviewer: What did they look like? 117: Well they were long and narrow fellas that uh could hold about four people. They were they were Interviewer: I see. {NW} Two could two people sit side by side in one of these? 117: In some instances in that middle thing that they'll {D:they'll run} at the back that you could steer. We used to #1 {D:drive} the boat # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 117: and you'd stand on sit up there and you'd pull your oars you know Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: to go up and down the river #1 {D:with} # Interviewer: #2 Alright # I was thinking of the term rowboat 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 but that is # 117: rowboat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: Well I guess a bateau and a rowboat would be the same thing. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um a little child is um looking for a an article of clothing. Now a little child running around the house uh looking for a we'll say several articles of clothing. Um the mother might call to the child and say here- having found the ya know the clothes. The mother would say here- Getting at would you say here's your clothes or here are your clothes. 117: You you your you're losing me because uh I was the youngest child #1 of three # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 117: and I don't know who {X} Interviewer: Okay. Well it doesn't have to be uh it it doesn't have to have it doesn't necessarily concern raising chil- It's just whether you would say if you're talking about something like 117: Here's here's here they are Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 Is that # what you're talking Interviewer: #1 Right. # 117: #2 bout? # I say here they are. {X} I say here is this Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 thing. # Interviewer: Alright when you're talking about about people um talking about people uh thinking something. Uh would you say there are many people who think so or there is many people who think so? 117: Well I say many people think so. Interviewer: Okay. So avoid 117: #1 Huh? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # And the- and then you'd get around to questioning the uh yo- then then you wouldn't be uh uh confronted with the problem I mean that would get you around the um decision to say there is many or there are many that's what I was getting at. Um if um you're petting a dog. You're petting a dog and uh he shies away from you. You might say to the dog That's alright- going to hurt you. I- going to hurt you. You want to reassure him. You want to reassure the dog. 117: If I were to talk to him I'd say I ain't gonna hurt you. Interviewer: Okay. Uh now Alright that's interesting now you you'd talk that way to the dog Uh why do you suppose you'd talk that way to the dog? 117: Why did I do that? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: #1 To # Interviewer: #2 Wh- # 117: reassure him. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 That's what's happening. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. But um um Are there any uh uh any other uh situations in which you'd use ain't {X} Or would you limit that to the talking to dogs? 117: Ain't {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 117: Buddy I'm I'm a {C: laughing} I I can {C:laughing} {X} many many instances. Interviewer: Okay. Under what circum- I mean 117: I ain't go out to get this interview. Interviewer: Okay. Alright fine. Alright but is that really uh um That I mean that's a um uh a uh a a usual a regular normal expression in your in your speech? 117: Could be. Interviewer: Uh-huh. But is it do you do you kind- do you use it for any for any purpose or uh that's exactly what I'm getting at you see. 117: {X} use that {X} Interviewer: Okay. 117: Oh {X} {D:try to} be more sophisticated. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Um. If you were talking to a close friend of yours now and they're passing food around and they they seem to have skipped you you know they seem to have passed you by with the a bowl of potatoes or something and you might w- you and you want them the- they've uh they've passed the bowl of potatoes around 117: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 you know # the table and they haven't uh they've gone right by you. And you might ask you want to know if you're going to get some. What might you say? 117: What would I say to them? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: I'd say I'd like to have some of those potatoes please. Interviewer: Sure. But then you might ask the question Um Ain't I going to get some? Or um 117: I wouldn't ain't {NW} I wouldn't ain't at the table Interviewer: Uh-huh you wouldn't ain't at the #1 table huh. # 117: #2 I wouldn't ain't at the # Interviewer: Okay that's good. Alright you wouldn't ain't at the table there you that's that's uh uh um {NW} So you associate that that form with a with a special kind of a situation? Being at the at the uh uh You don't use ain't at the table is that 117: {NW} Interviewer: Yeah? 117: If I was emphatic then I'd say I ain't {D:while I do it} now there there there's a {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: I I Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 I # {D:want to, going to} put {X} possibility Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 you're in # but I don't think I'd ain't at the table. I wouldn't ain't it ain't I gone get none I wouldn't do that. Interviewer: Okay fine that's w- that's that's very good that's uh um um 117: Personally I believe I'd do a {X} I do. Interviewer: Eh 117: If I do a {X} I think I'd just do an {X} Interviewer: I see alright. Um if you're not sure you're right about something. You might ask someone I'm right- You you know you're asking uh a question of someone you you're trying to find out if you're right about 117: #1 Well I would ask # Interviewer: #2 something. # 117: you Am I right or wrong? Interviewer: Uh-huh Or 117: #1 is it # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 117: {X} Interviewer: Right. But now let's turn it around. 117: Alright. Interviewer: And put it this way. And you'd begin this sentence this way. I'm right- and then what would you say after that? I'm right- 117: I'd say that I'm {X} Interviewer: #1 No. {X} # 117: #2 I'm right. # Interviewer: I'm right- You'd say would you be inclined to say I'm right- 117: Sure? Interviewer: That's the idea I'm right but you're not sure you see you say I'm right- am I not I'm right ain't I I'm right aren't I. I'm right aren't I I'm right ain't I I'm right am I not which of 117: Oh yeah that that's when I'd say ain't I right. Interviewer: Ain't I 117: #1 Ain't I right? # Interviewer: #2 right? I'm right # ain't I? Okay that's what I 117: Well that's the way I'd use it yes. Interviewer: Okay. Um someone asks you about breaking a window a window having been broken you know and someone says did you break that window? And you'd say no it- to let 'em know that you didn't do it. Say did you break that window? And you'd say no it- wa- 117: It wasn't. I don't know. Interviewer: #1 That's exactly right. {X} # 117: #2 {X} # broken Interviewer: #1 No. # 117: #2 window # Interviewer: No I was getting at would you say it wasn't me or it wasn't I {NW} Which of those sounds more more natural to you? 117: I don't think I'd qualify it if I didn't break it. Interviewer: Alright. Okay you wouldn't even #1 uh # 117: #2 I # wouldn't think I'd really need to qualify. Interviewer: Alright. Um if you wanted eh to um um you were gonna you were thinking about buying some cloth for some purpose or uh uh something uh and you might go to the store and get a small piece to bring home uh to examine. 117: Alright so I got a little {X} Interviewer: Y- okay right. 117: A sample. #1 Yes yep. # Interviewer: #2 Okay # that's exactly right. If um uh A woman has on a dress that's very attractive you might say that's a very what dress she has on today? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Um or we talked about a little girl you say that's an awfully what little girl that's a 117: I'd say that's a mighty pretty dress. Interviewer: Okay very fine. Now if going from there to to one that's even more so say this dress is pretty but this dress 117: #1 This # Interviewer: #2 is e- # 117: over here is more beautiful. Interviewer: Okay but use the word pretty. 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Use the word pretty. 117: It's prettier. #1 I put # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 117: #1 E-R I # Interviewer: #2 That's what. Alright # 117: It's a prettier dress. Interviewer: Alright and then the one that the uh that's that's even prettier than that it's 117: It's the prettiest, yes. Interviewer: Okay. 117: Alright. Interviewer: Alright and something a woman might wear over her dress when she's uh doing the cooking? 117: Talking about an apron? Interviewer: Right and um the uh a man goes out on a cold day he might put on a 117: A jacket? Interviewer: Alright or something a little longer than the jacket. 117: Overcoat? Interviewer: Alright and something he might wear between his shirt and his coat? 117: A vest. Interviewer: Alright and these are what? 117: I think them are britches. Interviewer: Okay. Do y- you call them all is there 117: Ah they're they're still britches to me they ain't flax they're still old britches. Interviewer: Okay. Okay fine. Now um um Say it's uh um It looks like a storm is is 117: #1 brewing? # Interviewer: #2 uh # Okay and you'd say um if that were happening what would you say about a storm you'd say the storm a storm is doing what? so it what was how would you describe this in terms of the weather? You'd say what would you say is happening to the weather? 117: About a severe storm? Interviewer: Yeah before or or first what would you what would you call a severe storm? What would you call a storm that uh uh uh that had thunder and lightning? 117: Well you'd call it a thunderstorm don't I know Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 or a # {X} storm whichever Interviewer: Okay now uh do y- you don't have any any special names for a heavy rain of short duration though? 117: Heavy rains? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: Well it seem liked it was I don't think I get it. Interviewer: I was thinking something like a toad strangler or a gully washer or a trash mover 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 or some- {X} # Uh or something something else uh along that line. Um Well if you're talking about the th- the um the weather it you'd say it's um th- the weather's been uh pleasant you know or and and then suddenly it changes for the worse you'd say the weather is doing what? 117: Moderating? What you talking about? Interviewer: Alright moderating would be when it's getting better wouldn't it? To say the weather's moderating that means the weather 117: You wanted when it's {X} {D:going the other way?} Interviewer: Right. 117: Mm-mm I don't know {X} Interviewer: Well I was wondering if you'd use something like uh uh changing or turning Don't have a can't think of a word for that. The weather's 117: #1 it's # Interviewer: #2 changing # 117: bustling there I say Interviewer: #1 Okay. Oh. # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay fine. Now if uh if the weather was really threatening really getting bad and you wanted to you'd say we're gonna have to what the the cattle in we're gonna have to- The cattle's out there and if they 117: Herd up the cattle? Interviewer: Yeah and we have to go out and what them in? 117: Well we didn't {X} time going get the cattle up when it's gonna suddenly storm yeah but I don't know what you so want me to say Interviewer: Well I was talking about if you if you um uh uh if you go get something and and and get something in one place you'd say I I went there and I got it and then I what it home? Talk about the word bring. 117: Bring? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: Yeah I'd bringing in the sheet Interviewer: #1 Okay # 117: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: bringing in the sheet. Today I today I bring in the sheet yesterday I 117: brought in the Interviewer: #1 Right # 117: #2 sheet. # Interviewer: and many times I have- the sheet. Many times I have- 117: Brought in? Interviewer: Okay fine. Now uh say I tried on a coat the other day and it- what just fine it 117: Said what? Interviewer: Yo- I I went into the store and I tried on a a jacket and it- what just fine? 117: It didn't fit. Interviewer: Okay but say it did. #1 You say # 117: #2 Huh? # Interviewer: You'd say it did though. You'd say that- just fine. 117: Well yeah well it fits. Interviewer: Yeah. 117: {D:It fit me so} it was a good fit. Interviewer: Okay it's oh so but you'd you'd probably say it fits it fit fine rather than it fitted huh? It fit fine. 117: I guess so. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you went and got a um uh uh {NW} say um a a a a new coat a coat and and pants and that match you call that a 117: What you talking about a suit? Interviewer: Alright and it wasn't an old one you just bought it it's a it wasn't old you just bought it it's what kind of a suit? 117: {X} suit? Interviewer: Not an old suit. 117: A zoot suit? Interviewer: Sure and If your pockets are all filled up with things and they they uh you know you'd say your pockets do what? Do you ever use the term bulge {C:pronunciation} or bulge? 117: Bulge? Interviewer: Sure. 117: Oh my britches are always baggy buddy. Interviewer: Okay. {C:laughing} 117: Ah my britches always baggy. Interviewer: Okay {C:laughing} alright. Now if um um You'd say I I hope that cheap shirt won't do what when I wash it? I hope it won't- 117: Draw. Interviewer: Okay that's fine though is there another word that you might use instead of draw up? Something we were talking about something getting smaller? 117: I don't know. Those cheap shirts {X} Interviewer: Yeah. They 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 draw # no draw up I'm talking about this i-