117:  and cut the garments with.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. No I've never uh never seen that's called a {D:whack} board then huh? Um now what were you saying about your what your mother used to do when she wa- when she'd make you a shirt?
117:  She would shrink the cloth before she cut 'em.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
117:  #2 Before # she cut the garment.
Interviewer:  Okay.
117:  Careful that {X} didn't have that draw up that shrinkage that you was talking about.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Now so today you might {C:distortion} say today uh she shrinks the cloth. Yesterday she
117:  Shrunk it.
Interviewer:  Okay. And um she has- the cloth. She has-
117:  Well now if you want she has already shrunk the cloth
Interviewer:  #1 Right. #
117:  #2 {D:already} # cut it.
Interviewer:  #1 That's ex- #
117:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  That's just fine okay. Now if a woman likes to put on good clothes you might say she likes to do what? She likes to
117:  Oh well I wouldn't I I wouldn't know what {X} When you gonna ask me about women I'm lost.
Interviewer:  Okay well {X} Just the idea of putting on fancy clothes uh putting on her Sunday clothes for example you'd say she she really likes to-
117:  She likes to be well-dressed is what
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
117:  #2 I'd say # about
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
117:  #2 it. #
Interviewer:  Well I was thinking of something like dress up.
117:  Well oh I dress up {X} She loves to dress up yeah that that's right uh Old miss Carol up here loves to dress up.
Interviewer:  Okay that's the idea. Now {X} the idea of uh now dress up is one but the idea of th- there's a term either primp up or prink up mean anything different to you?
117:  Dress up and primp up?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
117:  Well I believe dress up {X} would encompass all those other things if I
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
117:  I wouldn't think she'd be dressed up unless she primped.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now what does primping include?
117:  Huh?
Interviewer:  What does primping
117:  Oh that that's what to do with the with the face and dress up's the garments.
Interviewer:  Okay that's ri- that's fine. Now. Something that a um um a that a woman might carry uh in her hand
117:  What you talking about a handbag?
Interviewer:  Alright. Now another name for a handbag?
117:  Oh buddy it used to be a reticule where I
Interviewer:  #1 Is that right? #
117:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  They used to call it that huh?
117:  It was a reticule yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
117:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Okay. What was a reticule like?
117:  #1 Huh? #
Interviewer:  #2 Was it just # a
117:  #1 {D:It it was a} #
Interviewer:  #2 um #
117:  it's like these present day handbags look up the {X}
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
117:  #2 {X} # That's {X} for you.
Interviewer:  Alright that's fine. Now eh um but you you wouldn't make any it's it's um a something that a How about something that a man might carry change in his pocket?
117:  You talking about a purse?
Interviewer:  Okay. And something that a woman might wear around her neck um w- made of beads?
117:  Made of beads. A necklace?
Interviewer:  Alright. Now if you were a- a necklace is one word but it if you were talking about about beads um either a would you use the term either a uh a a string of beads or a pair of beads?
117:  I'd use in a string.
Interviewer:  String okay. Um
117:  What'd you say {X}
Interviewer:  The other's a pair of beads.
117:  Ah I wouldn't know that #1 I never met #
Interviewer:  #2 Alright. #
117:  that word.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh #
117:  #2 I # said a string of of beads.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Alright and um something that you open up on a rainy day and you
117:  Umbrella.
Interviewer:  Alright. And uh
117:  The ladies open a parasol.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now was a parasol shaped differently from an umbrella or
117:  No it's just a primitive word. It's another umbrella.
Interviewer:  Of the same thing okay. Uh so I mean if you had one of those big black things it could be A man might call it an umbrella and a woman might call it a parasol although it's the same thing. Is that
117:  I never #1 had looked up #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
117:  the difference but
Interviewer:  No but I mean that's in your mind that's all I'm concerned with I'm not interested in the dictionary. Um but yes the dictionary is made up of generalizations of what people like you say you see there's nothing um the uh um. That's the onl- that's the only authority they have is uh what uh um the way the word is used. Um what do you call something you might put over a bed after you've when you've made up a bed something uh
117:  You talking about the {D:last} {D:last thing}?
Interviewer:  That's right.
117:  That's a {D: counting pin}
Interviewer:  Okay. Now eh when you're in bed you rest your head on a what?
117:  Well a pillow.
Interviewer:  Alright. And do you remember a large pillow kind of round
117:  Bolster?
Interviewer:  Alright. And that wouldn't go part way across the bed that would go
117:  Is it entirely cross
Interviewer:  Alright. You might say entire length or you might say it goes what the bed? Would you ya
117:  #1 It #
Interviewer:  #2 say #
117:  goes all the way across the bed.
Interviewer:  Okay. And do you remember a a kind of washable blanket that women used to make?
117:  A washable blanket?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
117:  Hmm.
Interviewer:  They used to get together and make these. Kind of a social event.
117:  Don't know that.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Some of 'em were tied. Some of 'em were sewn. Some of 'em were tied. They were stuffed and kinda thick.
117:  Don't know I don't know nothing about.
Interviewer:  Made of patches of cloth. I was thinking of a quilt. You don't know the term quilt.
117:  You say wilt?
Interviewer:  Quilt.
117:  No I've not ever heard of that.
Interviewer:  Never heard of a quilt.
117:  Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh what do you call a bed made up flat on the floor?
117:  I don't know a pallet? #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Mm-hmm.
117:  Raised on pallets.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Did you used to sleep on a pallet when you were little?
117:  Yeah I slept on a pallet many a time.
Interviewer:  Alright. Now then here we'll come back to a couple of farm terms. Some different kinds of of land that you can grow crops on. Um what would you call the best land on a on a farm? Say low-lying land.
117:  What?
Interviewer:  Land down
117:  You talking low-lying?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
117:  That's bottoms.
Interviewer:  Okay. And then uh what would you call the other land? That isn't the bottom land? {NS}
117:  We didn't make any designation except the bottoms was where you Your grass runs through that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
117:  That's where you made your corn.
Interviewer:  Oh I see. You'd raise corn in them. Do y- do you raise cotton in the bottoms or
117:  {X} cotton Cotton didn't adapt itself to the bottoms.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
117:  #2 {X} # It was corn lands and then
Interviewer:  {D:Fine}
117:  {D:Oak, oat} lands.
Interviewer:  Where did you plant the uh where did you plant the cotton?
117:  The cotton was on the uplands. Yeah that
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
117:  #2 that's # Uh I guess that's why this Piedmont used to be the the real area of cotton-producing area of the of the South.
Interviewer:  Because there was so much upland you mean? #1 So much #
117:  #2 It is # an upland crop. It is not it don't Not a lowland crop.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
117:  {D:Course, folks} they they're irrigating it now out in the west
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
117:  the cotton belt has moved completely.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NW} Uh do you have any terms for swampy land?
117:  Huh?
Interviewer:  For swampy land.
117:  Swampland.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
117:  Nothing but swamps
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
117:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  And now some different kinds of soil. Some just names for different kinds of soil designations for different kinds of soil that you might have made on a farm wa- um on your farm. What would you call the best soil?
117:  We didn't really have those #1 designations. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # Uh did you ever di- what would you call the soil that you couldn't {D:use} where the top soil had been been washed away? Did you have any places like that? Where the top soil had been washed completely away?
117:  {X} we called it wasteland {X}
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh does the term loam mean anything #1 to you #
117:  #2 Huh? #
Interviewer:  Loam. Loam? Oh yeah yeah that's
117:  #1 that's #
Interviewer:  #2 What's that? #
117:  Loam is a is your best type of soil yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} And if you were trying to get the if it ha- it had a lot of rain or if um a branch had uh had overflown you might um um eh you might {X} get the water off the land you'd say you're gonna have to do what to that field?
117:  What I have to drain it?
Interviewer:  Alright and how would you do that?
117:  Oh in our days we {D: digged in open} ditches.
Interviewer:  Alright. Um eh how would you do that?
117:  Hmm?
Interviewer:  How would you do that?
117:  How'd we do make do that #1 ditches? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
117:  You get your spade and go down there and then go to digging and throwing out the dirt to drain the water off.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And then it would eh you'd just you'd cut a cut a channel and then {NW} and then uh and then the wa- and then the water would run off is that the idea?
117:  Well you see {X} Your loose spot's over there
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
117:  in that corner and yo-your {D:brook} stream is running like that {X} and then you get the lowest place and come in through here and you drain that. You take about a two foot ditch.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
117:  Oh that that's the the minimum is a two foot
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
117:  #2 ditch # And uh you drain that water out and it cuts it out as it comes from {NW} up here why it makes the drop into here and drains the water out from up there.
Interviewer:  I see. Um now what um uh what uh rivers or streams or branches are there around here?
117:  The rivers and streams? Well you know you got the Chattahoochee over here.
Interviewer:  {NW}
117:  And {D:in my area}
Interviewer:  How far is the Chattahoochee from here?
117:  Chattahoochee from here is about uh it's a which way you go if you go up to {X} wouldn't be twelve fifteen miles.
Interviewer:  North.
117:  The Chattahoochee runs through the west part of the county.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
117:  {X}
Interviewer:  It runs through Coweta County.
117:  Mm-hmm. {NS} Let's see if I can show you I'll have a map #1 here should #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
117:  Well this this {X} {NS} And I wanna tell you about the {NS} Now your Chattahoochee don't you see him that
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
117:  #2 {X} # County?
Interviewer:  Right. Uh-huh. Okay. Now are there any other uh any other rivers or streams around {NS}
117:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 in the #
117:  yes you've got on the west um out there on my farm on the {D: crop and grain} of that land is stuck the head waters of of uh New River which runs into the Chattahoochee down here in uh Troup County.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
117:  And uh you've got uh {NS} you've got {D:Wall Hoop} Creek that uh goes in the Chattahoochee. You've got uh {D:Fido} Creek I presume goes into the Flint River.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
117:  The drainage just It splits 'em through this area east goes to the Flint River and the west goes to uh Chattahoochee.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. But you you you say the river that has its head waters on your on your farm is the
117:  #1 Huh? #
Interviewer:  #2 uh # That's that's the New River?
117:  There's a there's a spring up there and {D:it,in} in that plot and grant when they surveyed this #1 area #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
117:  they put head waters of the New River and that's on the old plot and grant
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
117:  #2 when it's issued in # eighteen so-and-so when
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
117:  when uh the land was given out to
Interviewer:  I see. And something um um um uh something smaller what do you call something smaller than a creek?
117:  Huh?
Interviewer:  Something smaller than a creek.
117:  Smaller than a creek I calls them a branch.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um. And what would you call a channel cut um by a stream or by a {D:rain,ring} through a field?
117:  A gully you're talking about?
Interviewer:  Oh right. Um. And then what would you {D:Um I guess I'm} coming back to the soil I was talking about before. You were talking about a wasteland. But uh uh any basic eh basic terms for soil that has been affected by ya know erosion? {NS}
117:  Well there's just nothing but {X}
Interviewer:  I see. Did you ever did you ever hear that called uh um uh natural natural ground?
117:  Never heard that.
Interviewer:  Never heard that. Alright. Some what do you call something higher than a hill?
117:  A mountain.
Interviewer:  Alright. And a uh a road through a mountain uh or a pass through a mountain what would that be called?
117:  Would it be called a trail?
Interviewer:  Okay. And then uh if you were up on a a if you you were up on a mountain and you walked out on a a ledge that extended out off a mountain. Know what that would be called?
117:  A ledge? I'd avoid 'em. I wouldn't know nothing about that.
Interviewer:  Okay I was thinking of something a cliff.
117:  Huh?
Interviewer:  Cliff.
117:  Cliff.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And then uh uh the plural of that would be what?
117:  Hmm?
Interviewer:  One cliff two what? A cliff.
117:  Uh I I don't know don't know those terms.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {X} cliff alright. Now if a water's running along a river's running along and suddenly it falls off suddenly what do you call that?
117:  A call it a fall.
Interviewer:  Alright
117:  #1 Or shoals. #
Interviewer:  #2 and are there # Alright. Shoals or fall what's the difference between a shoals and a fall?
117:  Well a shoals can be you can you can have a shoals which is small {X} while a fall is generally a a much more much larger di- dimensions you might
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
117:  #2 say and # a fall I wouldn't think I wouldn't call anything less than five six feet a f-fall.
Interviewer:  Alright {X}
117:  And and shoals you just got the rocky The more I know {D:these shoals} {X}
Interviewer:  I see. Um. Now some different kinds of roads. Ya know in in a in in town and in the country. {NW} Uh that cars travel on.
117:  Some different kinds of roads.
Interviewer:  Yeah. {NS}
117:  I wouldn't know how to {X}
Interviewer:  Some of 'em well some of 'em are paved and some of 'em are not paved. And I just wondered if you made any
117:  #1 You want a #
Interviewer:  #2 distinction. #
117:  dirt road?
Interviewer:  Alright and now how about the different kinds of paved roads?
117:  Well now I I wouldn't know how to classify those things it Our pavement first was was concrete and now they use different types. I wouldn't of A paved road is a paved road to me and a dirt road's a dirt road.
Interviewer:  Okay. And that's the only distinction made. Well I wonder if you use anything like a a a cement road or a tar road or a blacktop road or
117:  Well that's what they used alright those terms the cement was the original
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
117:  paving that we had.
Interviewer:  Alright. And if um uh is there a special term for a neighborhood road out in the country?
117:  A neighborhood road.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
117:  Settlement road I don't know what to #1 call those. #
Interviewer:  #2 That's fine. # That's fine. Uh how about a uh uh a place where uh you um you might drive up to the house off the main road? It's a little road that uh that that leads up to the house from the main road. Say the mailbox is down there on the main road and then But you might drive your car up to get to the house you might drive up a
117:  #1 I wouldn't know. I #
Interviewer:  #2 uh a smaller road. #
117:  wouldn't know what to call him.
Interviewer:  Well I was thinking either a lane or a driveway.
117:  Well a driveway's what I would've thought of but I
Interviewer:  Sure that's fine. And then something um um um uh something you might walk on through the through on a farm through the #1 field. #
117:  #2 Path? #
Interviewer:  Okay and the plural of that is what?
117:  Hmm?
Interviewer:  One path two?
117:  Two paths. P-A-T-H-S. #1 Paths #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay # right. That's right.
117:  {D:Now that's that's the way I used to}
Interviewer:  That's e-
117:  That's that's the way I show up {X} plurals.
Interviewer:  That's right okay that's fine. Um. So uh you take something in your hand and you go like this you say you're- do what he
117:  What what you want me to throw it or cast it?
Interviewer:  Well {X} the first one.
117:  #1 You #
Interviewer:  #2 Um #
117:  want me to throw it.
Interviewer:  Alright and today I throw it yesterday I
117:  Threw.
Interviewer:  And many times I have
117:  Thrown.
Interviewer:  Okay. And what is something you might pick up in a field and throw?
117:  Well I picked up a rock.
Interviewer:  Alright. Now is there any special size that eh Can a rock be of any particular size?
117:  In in my opinion it can be anything from a pebble up to a big rock.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um and in the expression There's the expression there's no place like
117:  Home?
Interviewer:  Alright. And if you rang a friend's doorbell and no one answered you might say I guess nobody
117:  Nobody {X} Nobody's at home
Interviewer:  Okay. And if you were um you were going uh into town with uh and you {D:wind up} talking to a friend. And you might say will you come what me will you come
117:  And go with me into town?
Interviewer:  Right. And um {X} so uh did he come uh did he eh Then someone asks you Did he did he go with you? And you say uh you say no I came into town not
117:  #1 Alone? #
Interviewer:  #2 with him # Yeah but use this the idea of with him di- did he Did you come into town with him and you say no I came into town not with him but
117:  Before or after him is that what
Interviewer:  No he wasn't with you so you'd say Did he come into town with him
117:  #1 Alone? #
Interviewer:  #2 and you'd say # Yeah that's the idea exactly. I came into town not with him I came into town-
117:  I don't get what you're
Interviewer:  So well uh {X} I'm getting at is the
117:  {X}
Interviewer:  Not with but Not with him
117:  Without him?
Interviewer:  Sure.
117:  Alright.
Interviewer:  That's that's all. Um. And was he walking toward or was he walking away from you? You'd say no he wasn't walking away from me he was walking
117:  Toward me.
Interviewer:  Sure and you gave your son the name of an uncle let's say. You might say we named him
117:  For him.
Interviewer:  Right. And a
117:  You want me to say after #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Ei- # No I want you to no No I want you to I want you to say what's um uh ya know what's the uh what's what's comfortable um uh for you. Um A four-legged animal that barks is what?
117:  What you talking about a quadruped?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh right. Yeah. One a barking animal. Might have for a pet.
117:  A dog?
Interviewer:  Alright. Now i- how a call to a dog to attack another dog?
117:  What's that?
Interviewer:  What would you might say to a dog to attack another dog? You want him to go after another dog.
117:  And fight him?
Interviewer:  Yeah. What might you say to the dog?
117:  Sic 'em on him?
Interviewer:  Sure. And then if you want a dog to come to you what might you say?
117:  Come here I reckon.
Interviewer:  Sure. And {NW} what would you say to a dog to stop attacking someone?
117:  It wouldn't be {X} {D:unprintable} what I'd say.
Interviewer:  Is that right? You won't say it for me huh?
117:  Huh?
Interviewer:  You what {NW} Give me an idea.
117:  Now when you get dogs I'm not much of a dog man.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um Do you have a term for a dog of mixed or unknown breed?
117:  Mongrel yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. And um um. Sometimes they have to to keep a dog uh tied up because the dog might what somebody?
117:  Might bite 'em?
Interviewer:  Sure. And uh you'd say that does that dog bite? And you'd say oh yes he he what someone yesterday? He-
117:  He bit him.
Interviewer:  Right. And he has- several people in the
117:  #1 {D:has} #
Interviewer:  #2 last #
117:  bitten through the lot of people
Interviewer:  #1 Right #
117:  #2 yeah. #
Interviewer:  Alright. And we were talking before about uh the milk-giving animal. The principal milk-giving animal.
117:  Mammals {D:you talking about}
Interviewer:  Yeah they uh but what is the one that uh you have on a farm?
117:  Hmm?
Interviewer:  The one on a farm?
117:  You're talking about a cow?
Interviewer:  Yeah and the male is a
117:  Bull?
Interviewer:  Do you remember any any polite terms that were used around women um instead of {NW} using the word bull?
117:  I must have used steer. Steer's a desexed one.
Interviewer:  Yeah. But you never heard of anything such as a male or a um uh
117:  A male cow yeah I've heard of {X}
Interviewer:  Male cow.
117:  Yeah yeah.
Interviewer:  Alright. And if you have d- if you were working in the field with uh um with animals uh what kind of animals do you did you used to use in the field?
117:  I used horses and mules.
Interviewer:  Alright when you had {NW} two of them working together you'd say that you had a what of mules?
117:  A pair a team of mules or a pair of pair of mules.
Interviewer:  Alright. {NW} Um. And um uh How many did you have mules that were did Were mules did mules work pretty well for you?
117:  Yeah I had good mules. I kept good mules and good horses.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Now you mentioned um um the um um {NW} male breeding animal but now talking about um uh a cow giving birth to a calf. You might say talking about Daisy the cow you'd say Daisy is going to what?
117:  Calve.
Interviewer:  Alright. And. Um. Do you ever use another term besides that looking forward to the time when she's going to calve? You'd say um
117:  Gonna come in.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Right. Um. And and {X} that means um um
117:  She's gonna freshen yeah
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
117:  #2 yeah. #
Interviewer:  Freshen or or or come in. Those are the the um um the two words. {X} Do you have any idea why you use the word freshen?
117:  Well because eh that's when the milk supply starts when they calve and
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. they generally have a dry period
117:  #1 you know. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
117:  before
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
117:  #2 That's why # your freshening come in.
Interviewer:  Oh I see. So it's. I see And so you were talking before about horses um you'd say you like to what a horse? You used to like to {NS} Get up on a horse's back you say it
117:  Up to ride it?
Interviewer:  Yeah today I ride him and yesterday I
117:  Rode it.
Interviewer:  And many times I have
117:  Many times I have ridden a horse.
Interviewer:  Sure. And you're riding on a man's riding on a horse he wasn't a very experienced rider and you might say he fell- the horse. He was on the horse's back and he fell- {NS}
117:  He fell off the horse. {C: honking in background}
Interviewer:  Sure. And a little boy is in bed and you'd say he fell what bed? He fell
117:  From the bed?
Interviewer:  Okay. And horses um these things that are shaped like this and are nailed to the horse's
117:  Horseshoe {X}
Interviewer:  Alright. Now uh what are these nailed to?
117:  Hmm?
Interviewer:  These Horseshoes are nailed to the horse's what?
117:  Nailed to his foot? To his hoof?
Interviewer:  Okay. And then what's the plural of hoof?
117:  Huh?
Interviewer:  The plural of hoof. One hoof two
117:  Hooves {X}
Interviewer:  Okay.
117:  V-E-S is hooves {D:that way you'll get} Isn't that right?
Interviewer:  That's exactly right.
117:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Um. Now uh do you have any a term for a male sheep?
117:  He's a ram yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um. We- any special words the- there used around women?
117:  Hmm?
Interviewer:  Instead of ram.
117:  Mm I don't know they used they could use my buck.
Interviewer:  Okay. And then a term for female sheep.
117:  She's a ewe.
Interviewer:  Alright. And then going back to horses you mentioned uh uh a stallion um before didn't you? {X} Oh ah you didn't. I we didn't a- I didn't ask you a male breeding animal a horse a male horse.
117:  He's a stallion or a stud horse
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
117:  #2 either one. #
Interviewer:  And oh {X} You felt very comfortable using either of those terms around women?
117:  Yeah I I'd {X} #1 I wouldn't feel any #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. #
117:  #1 anything wrong #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
117:  in saying a stallion and and uh and a {D:man or woman with a mr or ms}
Interviewer:  Okay. {C:laughing}
117:  Cause missus don't mean a darn thing cause she's a married woman.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um and uh on a on a sheep's back the stuff they cut off a sheep's back is called what?
117:  Wool.
Interviewer:  Alright. And uh on a uh on a on a hog's back there's
117:  Hair.
Interviewer:  Or Say or in a brush.
117:  Hmm?
Interviewer:  On a brush or a toothbrush. Things on a toothbrush that stick up. It is the same word you sometimes use for a the hair on a on a on a on a hog's back.
117:  Talking about brushes?
Interviewer:  Yeah. Br-bristles I meant.
117:  Bristles?
Interviewer:  Yeah. And then a hog especially a a wild one has two
117:  Tusks?
Interviewer:  Alright. And hogs eat from a
117:  Trough.
Interviewer:  And the plural of that
117:  Huh?
Interviewer:  And two of those two One trough two
117:  Two troughs.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
117:  Alright.
Interviewer:  Now Di-did you ever have any wild hogs around here?
117:  Never heard of any wild hogs.
Interviewer:  Okay so you don't have any term for
117:  No.
Interviewer:  for wild hogs then. Okay. Um. Now I wanna go back and pick up some things and these things uh will strike you as silly because but they're just for pronunciation okay? Alright first thing I want you to do is to count.
117:  Count?
Interviewer:  Yeah. Just start counting and I'll tell you when to stop it's just
117:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
117:  {D:Commence the} numerals
Interviewer:  #1 Ri- right #
117:  #2 one at a time? #
Interviewer:  Yeah.
117:  Alright one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
117:  #2 fourteen #
Interviewer:  Okay say that last one again.
117:  Fourteen.
Interviewer:  Okay and the number after nineteen?
117:  Twenty.
Interviewer:  And the number after twenty six? {NS}
117:  Twenty seven.
Interviewer:  And the number after twenty nine?
117:  Thirty.
Interviewer:  And after thirty nine?
117:  After thirty nine forty.
Interviewer:  And the number after sixty nine?
117:  Seventy.
Interviewer:  And the number after ninety nine? After ninety nine
117:  Ninety nine? One hundred.
Interviewer:  And after nine hundred and ninety nine?
117:  One thousand.
Interviewer:  And after nine nine hundred and ninety nine thousand nine hundred and
117:  One million you're getting beyond
Interviewer:  Oh so that's as far as I'm gonna go. Now the uh the uh uh uh if you if there were ten men walking along in a line eleven men let's say walking along in a line. And you call the last man the eleventh man. What would you call the man in front of him?
117:  Well I'd call him the first one.
Interviewer:  Okay what would y- Alright what would you call the man behind him?
117:  Hmm? I'd call him the second one.
Interviewer:  And the next one.
117:  The third. The fourth. The fifth. The sixth. The seventh. The eighth. The ninth and the tenth.
Interviewer:  Right. Now if if it's been if it hasn't been raining and then it begins to rain wi- without any warning at all you might say uh we were sitting there it was a very nice day and it started to rain now what might you say?
117:  I'd say suddenly.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um now are there any other um Would you ever use another expression in place of suddenly that's exactly the idea
117:  #1 Hmm? #
Interviewer:  #2 I'm talking about. # That's exactly the idea I'm talking about suddenly but I want
117:  You want me to say {D:all at once}?
Interviewer:  Well if you'd use that. Would might you use that? Is that is that expr-
117:  I might have said that {X}
Interviewer:  Okay. Now if something is two times as good as something else you might say it's
117:  It's twice as good.
Interviewer:  Alright. Now would you name the twelve months of the year.
117:  Hmm?
Interviewer:  The twelve months of the year
117:  Alright you {C:laughing} January February March April May June July August September October November December.
Interviewer:  Okay and the days of the week.
117:  Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday.
Interviewer:  Alright. Now. Did you ever um uh {X} hear Sunday called anything else?
117:  Sunday?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
117:  The sabbath?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Did you ever hear that term sabbath used for another day of the week?
117:  Hmm? The sabbath on other days.
Interviewer:  Other than Sunday
117:  No I did not.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um. How might you greet a person this time of day?
117:  At this time of day?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
117:  I'd say good morning.
Interviewer:  Alright. Now how late would you use that?
117:  Till the sun went down.
Interviewer:  Okay is that right?
117:  I would #1 Yeah I'd #
Interviewer:  #2 Alright. #
117:  say it to
Interviewer:  Alright.
117:  I say it's a good morning sometimes when when it I think howdy comes in after I think howdy {D:should prove} #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 to take the place after good morning. # Well um what would you call about what do you call the time of day say between three and five pm?
117:  It's a it's not quite the evening. Evening comes in when the shadows begin to fall don't it?
Interviewer:  Okay. Um. Now the um eh what do you call the um um uh the first meal of the day?
117:  That's breakfast.
Interviewer:  Alright and the {X}
117:  Second meal?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
117:  I'd say it's dinner.
Interviewer:  Okay. And the last meal?
117:  {D:Just} had supper.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now what is some- what do some people use in eh in eh in in
117:  Huh?
Interviewer:  A word that some people use instead of
117:  Oh like the big White folks and they eat some breakfast and then uh lunch and and
Interviewer:  #1 Alright. #
117:  #2 dinner. #
Interviewer:  Alright. What what does lunch mean to you?
117:  Well it don't mean nothing to me.
Interviewer:  Is that you don't use the term lunch at all huh?
117:  Lunch don't mean anything to me.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call the time of the day when the sun first appears?
117:  Huh?
Interviewer:  When the sun first appears.
117:  {X} that's sunup.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
117:  #2 Or # sunrise. Sunup.
Interviewer:  Alright and when the sun disappears.
117:  Sundown.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now if you're talking about the word if you're talking about the sun appearing ya know someone might ask you What time did the sun
117:  Rise.
Interviewer:  Alright and so you'd answer This morning the sun- at five thirty the sun-
117:  If I knew I'd {X} I'd tell it yes.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay the sun #
117:  #2 {X} # Sun riz at that
Interviewer:  #1 Okay #
117:  #2 time #
Interviewer:  #1 Would you use riz? #
117:  #2 {X} # Huh?
Interviewer:  Would you use probably use riz?
117:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Huh?
117:  If that go to ask me about sun I think I'd say sun riz this morning.
Interviewer:  Okay and so the sun had already what before we started to work?
117:  It already had risen.
Interviewer:  Okay. And um you're talking about the day of the week and someone says when's Wednesday? And you'd say well Wednesday is
117:  {NW} You mean its position? There's a
Interviewer:  No I'm talking about this week right now. Um say when's Wednesday? You'd say well Wednesday is
117:  It's it's in it's in mid- it's in middle
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
117:  #2 of the week. #
Interviewer:  But we're talking about this week and ya know our {NW} talking about the time right now. You'd say uh {X} when was Tuesday? And you'd say Tuesday was- When was Tuesday? When was When when or say when is June seventeenth? You'd say why June seventeenth is
117:  Today.
Interviewer:  Yeah. And June sixteenth was
117:  Yesterday.
Interviewer:  And June eighteenth will be
117:  Let's see that would be What is today?
Interviewer:  #1 Today is the seventeenth. #
117:  #2 It'd be Fri- it'd #
Interviewer:  #1 No well #
117:  #2 be Friday. #
Interviewer:  Today is the today is the seventeenth.
117:  And you #1 said #
Interviewer:  #2 And #
117:  the eighteenth'll be tomorrow.
Interviewer:  Okay. And if you're talking about uh something you had coming up in the future. Talking about something happening uh on Sunday. On uh not this next Sunday but the Sunday after that. You might say I'm going to see him-
117:  Sunday after next?
Interviewer:  Yeah. Is that what you'd probably say? You'd probably say Sunday after next rather than Sunday week. {NS}
117:  Yep. If you if you keep up with the almanac you'd say {NW} name it the fourth Sunday while it was
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
117:  #2 {X} # It's gonna be the fourth Sunday.
Interviewer:  Uh if you wanted to know the time you might ask someone {NS}
117:  What time is it?
Interviewer:  And on my wrist I'm wearing a
117:  Hmm?
Interviewer:  On my wrist I'm wearing a what?
117:  A watch?
Interviewer:  Alright. and it um uh what time would can you see the clock from Here uh what time will it be in about about three minutes? Two minutes.
117:  It'll be a quarter to one.
Interviewer:  Alright. And what time was it fifteen minutes ago? About fifteen minutes ago. When the big hand was on six.
117:  Huh?
Interviewer:  When the big hand was on six what time was it?
117:  It was half past twelve
Interviewer:  #1 Alright. #
117:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  And and when it was on three.
117:  It was a quarter after the hour.
Interviewer:  Okay that's what I was getting at. Fine. Now If nineteen sixty nine was last year nineteen seventy is
117:  Is this year.
Interviewer:  Okay and nineteen seventy one will be
117:  Be next year.
Interviewer:  Alright. When a baby has its first birthday You'd say he is
117:  One year old.
Interviewer:  When he has his second
117:  #1 Two. #
Interviewer:  #2 birthday? # The whole thing.
117:  #1 Two #
Interviewer:  #2 You'd say #
117:  years old.
Interviewer:  And he has his third birthday he's
117:  Three years old.
Interviewer:  Alright. Um. Now today um if today is is uh June uh seventeenth nineteen seventy. If something happened on June seventeenth nineteen sixty nine you'd say that happened just
117:  One year ago
Interviewer:  Right.
117:  today.
Interviewer:  Alright now if the sun is shining and the weather is is um uh is pleasant uh how would you describe the {NW} describe the situation how would you describe the weather?
117:  I'd say it's a beautiful day.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um. Now if um we're talking about the um what does the wind do?
117:  What does the wind do?
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
117:  #2 The # wind blows.
Interviewer:  Okay and someone says uh did the wind blow and you say yes it really
117:  It really did.
Interviewer:  Really- It really what hard. It really-
117:  It really did blow hard?
Interviewer:  Alright take the did out.
117:  Huh?
Interviewer:  Take the did out.
117:  It really blew hard?
Interviewer:  Sure. In fact it has- several times this month. It has-
117:  Blown?
Interviewer:  Sure. And now if you look out the front window some day and there's uh and you can't see across the street. Say we really have a heavy what?
117:  Fog?
Interviewer:  Alright. And now something like a fog uh well and then {NW} say um um uh If um something is uh well on a day like that you call it what kind of a day? It's a
117:  Oh it's a soggy day up there if you if you gonna have mush in there.
Interviewer:  Okay. But if using the word fog you'd say it's a
117:  Dark day?
Interviewer:  No using that word {X}
117:  Foggy?
Interviewer:  Yeah. Now if if {NW} yesterday was even worse you'd say yesterday was even- than #1 today. #
117:  #2 More # so.
Interviewer:  More of what? It was even not take more out but say it was even
117:  Now I I wouldn't repeat that.
Interviewer:  You wouldn't say foggier.
117:  I wouldn't say foggier.
Interviewer:  Okay you'd say just more so okay. Um. What do you call a {X} Describe a period of time where you haven't had any rain.
117:  Called a drought.
Interviewer:  Alright. And would you call it that even if it was very long or short?
117:  That's right. Long or short drought a long drought that short drought.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
117:  #2 A long #
Interviewer:  A long what were you gonna say something uh is there another word
117:  A long dry period of
Interviewer:  Okay. Um. If there's been no wind and suddenly it begins to make itself felt you might say that the wind is
117:  Rising.
Interviewer:  Alright. And if the wind begins to subside you might say the wind is
117:  Dying away.
Interviewer:  Alright. And uh if it didn't snow um but it was very cold and there was a whiteness in the grass you might say we had a what last night?
117:  Had a frost.
Interviewer:  Alright. And if it becomes very cold and the ground becomes stiff you'd say we had a-
117:  What you talking about a hoarfrost?
Interviewer:  Yeah. That's right. Uh but this I'm talking about the ground. This is something you'd say we had a uh the temperature dropped down below thirty two degrees you'd say we had a
117:  When the ground's {X} with ice on it that what you talking about?
Interviewer:  Yeah well I wasn't thinking so much That's the idea. But I was thinking of that kills the crops.
117:  Talking about a killing frost?
Interviewer:  Alright. You call it a killing frost. Um do you ever call it a hard freeze?
117:  Yeah it was that's right.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
117:  That's what the weather man says We're gonna have a hard freeze
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
117:  #2 yeah. #
Interviewer:  But to you killing frost would be more
117:  With killing frost is your first is your first uh hard freeze. It kills the vegetation
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
117:  #2 That's what # killing frost is.
Interviewer:  #1 Alright. #
117:  #2 You don't get but # one a year.
Interviewer:  Okay. And so when the temperature drops below thirty two degrees the water in the pond
117:  It freezes.
Interviewer:  Alright and last night the w- the temperature dropped down below thirty two and the water in the pond
117:  Water in the pipes froze I went through
Interviewer:  #1 Alright. #
117:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Okay what happens to the pipes then?
117:  They busted. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay. Okay. Uh and uh the water hasn't uh uh what many times this winter?
117:  Hmm?
Interviewer:  The water hasn't- The water in the pipes hasn't uh hasn't what? Many times.
117:  Hasn't frozen?
Interviewer:  Sure. Um. Um. Now do you have a special name for a very thin layer of ice?
117:  Just call it a skim of ice.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now would you name the rooms in the in the uh in in both the house you were born in or the house you were raised in and this house?
117:  Name what?
Interviewer:  Name the rooms of the house. Just kinda give me a layout or description of the rooms of the house as you walk in the door. You could start with this one or tha- or the or the farm house.
117:  #1 Well you see #
Interviewer:  #2 You were b- #
117:  I I wasn't born in the farm in the house that I was raised in.
Interviewer:  Well that's the one I mean.
117:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 the one you were th- #
117:  the one I was raised in
Interviewer:  Yeah.
117:  Alright you want to know how many rooms there was?
Interviewer:  Yeah and where they were Just talk about when you walk in which way was the house facing
117:  Well we walked into the living room and it was a house that had uh four big rooms and a hall all the way through and there was a two rooms built on the back which was a dining room and a kitchen.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
117:  But we'd always use the side entrance and walk into the
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
117:  into the uh living room.
Interviewer:  I see.
117:  That was four and two is six and then there's two upstairs rooms the attics the unfinished type.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now that was in the house you were
117:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 that was #
117:  that was the house I was raised
Interviewer:  Now how about this house.
117:  This house has got {NW} Three up and three down.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Now what do you call this room?
117:  What do I call this
Interviewer:  Yeah.
117:  Hmm this is my living room.
Interviewer:  Okay and then have a room with is there a room over there?
117:  What?
Interviewer:  Is there a room across the hall?
117:  That's just a hall.
Interviewer:  I see.
117:  There's no room across
Interviewer:  #1 Oh I see. #
117:  #2 there. # You see you gotta up-upstairs {X} three rooms upstairs and behind this is a dining room next to the kitchen.
Interviewer:  I see. Okay. Now uh if you're talking about the ceiling in this room you'd say I ask you how high the ceiling you'd say oh the ceiling is probably
117:  These are th-that's at least ten feet. The one I lived out in the country had twelve foot ceiling.
Interviewer:  Is that so.
117:  But this is about te- I'd hazard this Yes this'd be about ten feet. It's not twelve I don't think it's twelve feet do you?
Interviewer:  Uh I don't know it's pretty it's a high ceiling but uh I don't know if it's twelve feet or not. Um talking about um hearing something he-hearing something ya know. And I'd say Did you ever- that noise? Did you ever- {NS} Did you hear that? You say yes I-
117:  I heard it #1 yeah I #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
117:  heard it.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Um uh and if if if you didn't I'd say did you ever hear that and you'd say no I-
117:  I never heard it.
Interviewer:  Okay. And when a person gets married one of the remarks he makes to the minister is I-
117:  What's that?
Interviewer:  Alright um {X} when a uh talking about um talking about chewing tobacco let's say you'd say I don't chew tobacco but he-
117:  He chews it.
Interviewer:  He yeah that's right he but say don't use that word say it's we're talking {X} I don't but he-
117:  He do.
Interviewer:  Okay would you say that?
117:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Huh?
117:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Would you use that? #
117:  I'd say I can get {D:you to} leave it at that.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um. Um. Uh. He used to smoke but now he-
117:  Don't.
Interviewer:  Alright uh
117:  That's me I don't.
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh have you any more work uh any more work uh to do in the field? No I- yesterday.
117:  I worked
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
117:  #2 yesterday. #
Interviewer:  And so {X} uh is the work {X} uh Say I have what the work I have- You know completed it but using a form of do you'd say I have what the work? I have-
117:  Quit work?
Interviewer:  No talking using a form of the word do.
117:  Hmm?
Interviewer:  A form of the word do.
117:  I do not work anymore.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. I have what it all I have-
117:  I have done it.
Interviewer:  Okay. And um talking about Did you mail that letter? Uh are you going to mail that letter? Um. And you'd say I might say I mailed it yesterday or you might say I what it yesterday? I- I don't have to do it today because I- yesterday. I-
117:  Mailed it?
Interviewer:  Yeah. Okay. Um. Now talking I want to ask you about this this um uh this I don't but he do. Uh I w- I really would like you to to to tell me the the uh um the associations you make with that form and the situations in which you'd use it.
117:  What do and don't?
Interviewer:  No {X} he do. I don't but he do.
117:  {NW}
Interviewer:  You know just
117:  {NW} Well I should've said he does
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
117:  #2 but I # I was just kidding
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
117:  #2 you when # I said he do.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Would you ever use he do?
117:  Yeah I yeah I wouldn't mind it at all.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {X} In any special situations?
117:  Well I I think it would apply most any
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
117:  #2 things. #
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah #
117:  #2 I think # it a very I think it's a wonderful expression.
Interviewer:  Okay.
117:  {X} We just {X} this morning.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Okay. Alright. But you associate that with um um uh with country uh with coun- with country speech. Do you associate he do with any special kind of people?
117:  My sort yeah.
Interviewer:  Yeah okay. Um. Just a um. You associate with as a as a uh typical expression uh among farmers.
117:  Frankly I couldn't tell you whether I have heard anybody say he do but in my life but I said it then
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
117:  #2 and so I # ain't gonna I'm not gonna disown my own
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
117:  #2 expression. #
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh that's fine. Now. {NS} Uh
117:  It's that sounds like true dialect don't it?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Yes uh but I don't want I what I was really I'd really like you know to to um um you know to {X} to um to get your reaction to it as well as your um uh you know your use of the term. And I like to know under what circumstance I mean if you think it's just just using it humorously or if you use it uh seriously or if you use it among special in special kinds of of uh social situations
117:  Buddy I think it would I think it would be applicable I think that if I was trying to be {D:impressive} I'd say he does.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. But just casually and and you'd
117:  #1 I I like #
Interviewer:  #2 uh #
117:  that.
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright
117:  #1 I like that #
Interviewer:  #2 fine. #
117:  as you gonna find out.
Interviewer:  Okay well that's fine. Uh what do you call the sound a calf makes being weaned?
117:  What's that?
Interviewer:  A calf being weaned.
117:  What do I call him?
Interviewer:  Yeah that that the sound a calf makes. The noise.
117:  He bleats and
Interviewer:  Sure that's exactly Now the sound cattle make at feeding time. {NS}
117:  At feeding time?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
117:  They low
Interviewer:  And horses.
117:  Horses? Horses don't make no fuss but they neigh if that's what you
Interviewer:  Okay. And then um if um uh you're going to give the food to the cattle you'd say I'm going to what the cattle?
117:  Hmm?
Interviewer:  I'm going to what the cattle {D:on} take food out for the cattle.
117:  I'm going to feed 'em.
Interviewer:  Alright and how about if you're talking about what word would you use if you were talking about um uh {X} all the stock. {D:You,you'd} {D:say} horses as well.
117:  I'm gonna feed the stock.
Interviewer:  Alright and how about the uh uh eh would you use that if you were talking about um about chickens as well? Would you call chickens stock?
117:  Well they come in a different category.
Interviewer:  Okay.
117:  A chicken's a chicken.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} So you'd say I'm gonna go out and feed the chickens huh?
117:  Yeah that that wasn't my job my I never did give too much {X} that
Interviewer:  O- okay. What do you call a um a hen sitting on an egg?
117:  I would've called it hen sitting on an egg.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
117:  I called it a sitting hen.
Interviewer:  Alright. And now names of kinds of shelters that chickens live in.
117:  Well you have a chicken house is all I know.
Interviewer:  Alright. You remember a little portable one that you might carry
117:  What you talking about a coop?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
117:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What was what was that shaped like?
117:  Well it had various shapes. There were {D:so many shapes} because they used to make 'em out of boards and you could have any kind of chicken coop.
Interviewer:  I see. Okay. Now do you remember the name of that bone that chicken bone that uh #1 shaped #
117:  #2 You talking # about the wish bone?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
117:  {D:Pulling then the} pulley bone we called
Interviewer:  Okay. Now was there a- was there a uh um any uh superstitions or beliefs attached to the pulley bone?
117:  Yeah that we wouldn't get the shortest one and something some uh {D: symbol there you} and some folks would cheat and break it {X} the long or the short I don't remember the legend there.
Interviewer:  Okay. And how about a term for the edible insides of um of a um uh of a of a pig?
117:  Hmm?
Interviewer:  The edible insides of a #1 hog #
117:  #2 Talking about its # chitlins?
Interviewer:  Okay. Um eh Did you eat chitlins? Uh when you were uh uh rai- uh living on the farm?
117:  We didn't miss {D: Marstool} didn't like 'em but later on we got to where we ate some chitlins.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
117:  #2 It was a very # good stinking thing.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Is is that right? Um. And the the time when uh when the when the cattle are given their or they the stock's given their food you call that what?
117:  Hmm?
Interviewer:  The the time when the stock is given its food.
117:  I I don't I don't guess
Interviewer:  Well I mean it uh you'd use the expression like uh feeding time or something like that.
117:  Well it always comes before you could go and eat yourself you had to tend to your cows before you