Interviewer: They had hiss in there. {NS} {NW} Okay. Now uh {NS} {C:loud crashing sound} Uh you talking about the lima beans or butter beans when you take them out of the uh um uh take them out of their uh coverings. What do you say you're doing to the beans? 117: Shelling them is all I know. Interviewer: Okay that's fine. Now um what do you call the edible tops of turnips? 117: Call them greens. Interviewer: Okay. Um did you ever call it anything else? 117: {NW} I never say salad. Interviewer: Okay. That uh that wasn't uh common around here. 117: Huh? Interviewer: That wasn't common in your 117: #1 {D:We really didn't use it} # Interviewer: #2 your household. # 117: cut up greens is what we Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 called it. # To distinguish the term green from a collard. Interviewer: I see. But you'd call them all greens. I mean collars or turnips or 117: Yeah they'd be collared greens and turnip greens yeah. Cabbage. Interviewer: Okay. And if you have one head of lettuce and you add two more you have three what? 117: Three heads of lettuce. Interviewer: Alright and the on the outer on an ear of corn the part that you take off is called the what? 117: We call that the shuck or the husk. Interviewer: Okay 117: #1 The shuck # Interviewer: #2 and # 117: we called it. Interviewer: Corn served on the cob what do you call that? 117: {D:In regular use} {D:it just may be} boiled corn {X} Interviewer: Okay and the top of a corn stalk that you have to remove is called the what? 117: What's that? Interviewer: The top of a corn stalk. 117: {D:Above the shuck} that's the tassel. Interviewer: Alright and on an ear of corn that fine 117: That that's the silk that's that's female uh organ. Interviewer: Okay. 117: The shuck. Interviewer: Alright. That's a female what? 117: Female oh this is an ear of corn. Interviewer: I see. Um the um 117: You see the part that is up there on the the top. Interviewer: {NW} 117: And it's that silk and that that's the female organs {D:and they develop to} {X} Interviewer: Oh I see I didn't know that. Um the um these are large things that grow out in the fields and children at Halloween they they break 117: You talking about a turnip? I mean a pumpkin? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 And now # this is something else like a pumpkin that um uh it's they're smaller. 117: A cashaw. Interviewer: Yeah and what are some of these others called other kinds of of gourd like things. Some of them are very small? 117: You talking about a squash? Interviewer: Right. Now what different kinds of those are there? 117: I I don't know about that. We didn't we didn't grow those Interviewer: #1 Alright # 117: #2 kinds of things. # I grew pumpkins but we didn't Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 grow those # Interviewer: #1 What kinds of # 117: #2 uh # Interviewer: melons grow uh 117: Huh? Interviewer: What kinds of melons. 117: Oh we had a muskmelon and a cantaloupe and a watermelon and that's all. Interviewer: How does a cantaloupe differ from a muskmelon? 117: Cantaloupe it's that smaller it's a small veined thing you catch in a at the {D:store leaving} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 117: #2 {D:cantaloupe} # Interviewer: I see has a vein has a stripes on it. #1 Is that # 117: #2 That's right # it has uh {D:some little} some ridges. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 It has # ridges. A mushmelon was a bigger melon and {NW} its outside husk would be smooth sometimes. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 Each is a different # type different type is to to the shape of 'em. Interviewer: I see. What um uh what kinds of watermelon did you grow or are you familiar with what varieties of watermelon? 117: #1 {D:No No I don't know} # Interviewer: #2 Do you remember any of the names of # 117: I wasn't a watermelon grower but you had a yellow meat and then you had a had a red meat Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And then you had that little {D:Six bus of seamen} that would come up and volunteer on {D:field that was the best one of all} Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Um. And then what do you call these little things that uh that grow uh some of them are uh you can't be eaten uh and some of them can they look like little umbrellas. 117: {D:Got a little stamen} you call it? Is that what you're talking about? Interviewer: No now that's a squash isn't it. {D:It's similar} 117: I want to say {X} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 {D:but I'm willing} # Interviewer: But no I'm thinking of something these are little things that they stand about this high. And uh they look like little umbrellas. They stand 117: You talking about mushrooms? Interviewer: Yeah. Now what do you call the the ones that can't be eaten the poisonous ones? 117: Well it's just a mushroom. {D:You know one you know them all} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard of a toadstool #1 or a frog's # 117: #2 Huh? # Interviewer: A toadstool 117: Oh yeah yeah I've heard of 'em called a toadstool but those are mushrooms. Interviewer: Okay. And if a person has something in his throat you'd say he couldn't- 117: Got a frog in his throat. Interviewer: Yeah or he he was unable to he couldn't 117: Talk? Interviewer: Well he couldn't get it down you'd say he couldn't 117: Couldn't swallow a frog? #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 117: nothing about that. Interviewer: Alright. And uh things that people smoke the two the two things people smoke most. This addition to a pipe they smoke 117: Pipe and cigarette and cigars? Interviewer: Alright. And um uh if um. You think someone should know something. Um would you say uh he ought to know it or he had ought to know it? 117: {NS} Interviewer: #1 Which sounds more # 117: #2 {NS} # I'd say he ought to know it I didn't say he had ought to. Interviewer: Alright and what about the negative of that? If 117: He does not know it. Interviewer: Alright how how about hadn't ought to? Or ought not to know it? 117: I'd say he does not know it #1 {D:I don't} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And if uh someone asked you um will you do that? And the answer is no You say no. Will you do that you? You'd say no I- 117: Will not. Interviewer: Or I simply no I won't. 117: I'd say no I will not. Interviewer: Alright. Um someone says can you help me and you're not sure you'd say well I- be able to help you. 117: Maybe so. Interviewer: Okay. How about might? Or might could? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: The expression might could I might could do it. 117: I wouldn't might do. Interviewer: Alright. 117: I wouldn't do I wouldn't say that. I wouldn't put might in on mine. Interviewer: Alright. Um what do you call these birds that make a hooting sound? 117: I call them hoot owls. Interviewer: Alright are there any other kinds of owls besides hoot owls? 117: Yeah. {NS} There's a screech owl. Interviewer: Alright. How does that differ from a hoot owl? 117: A hoot owl is a big old owl. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And a screech owl is a smaller owl. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alright. Now um are there any other kinds of owls? Besides those two are those the only two that you're 117: That's the only ones I ever made the acquaintance of. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call these birds that get up in trees and um um peck for um uh insects? 117: Woodpeckers? Interviewer: Alright. Um you ever call them anything else? 117: Well I you got uh {X} woodpeckers. You got uh what we has was a big old red headed woodpecker he is extinct. Then you had a {D:yellow hallow} that one. And then you had a sapsucker which was a speckled {X} Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 You # had three types of {X} as I knew it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: With dig holes and then them dig in your trees and then making that sound. Interviewer: Okay. 117: Does that cover? Interviewer: That's yeah that's fine. What do you call these animals that uh give off a bad odor? 117: Skunk? You talking about a polecat? Interviewer: Right. Alright. And what uh can you what is a general word that people use for all kinds of uh troublesome animals? 117: Varmints. Interviewer: Alright what do they what does that include? 117: Huh? Interviewer: What does that include? 117: Varmints? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: {NS} Well that includes {X} possum as far as I presume. Interviewer: Okay it's mainly opossum huh? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Mainly possums huh? 117: Aw {D:any climate there's a} {D:in Georgia} it's a different {X} whatever you can call it you know what I'm trying to say. Interviewer: Troubles yeah it causes 117: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 yeah. # 117: all of 'em are varmints. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alright do you ever use that in relating to people? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Do you ever use that term uh applying apply that term to people? 117: They're varmints? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: It could be. Interviewer: {NW} Alright. How uh what do you call these uh these little creatures that run around in trees and gather nuts? 117: What? Interviewer: These little things that um that run around in trees. 117: You talking about little squirrels? Interviewer: Yeah now what kinds of those are there? 117: Oh I don't know. They're all pesky to me. They all rodents. Interviewer: Alright. Do you have a name for those um for for the little ones that don't go up in trees that just run around the ground they're 117: They're they're ground squirrels or a chipmunk or chipmunks. Interviewer: Okay. And these things have hard shells um and sometimes pearls are found in them. 117: You talking about a terrapin? Interviewer: Uh no I'm going to get to that though uh uh what what's uh what distinctions do you make um uh among those those creatures? 117: I didn't get that. Interviewer: Well among you said terrapins now uh do they do they live in land or water? 117: Oh you got turtles in the water and terrapins on top of the ground I {X} Interviewer: Okay. Now this is something else this isn't a terrapin or a turtle this is something uh more like a clam that {NW} that lives in the water and uh sometimes a pearl is found in it. 117: Oh I think that's an oyster that's the animal I know nothing about Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 that. # Interviewer: How about these things that hop around and make a croaking sound? 117: Frog? Interviewer: Yeah now what any different kinds of those? 117: Well you got a toad frog and a bullfrog and you got some little bitty frogs and you got all sorts of Interviewer: #1 Right. # 117: #2 frogs. # Interviewer: Now do you have any names for those little ones? 117: I never could never did see but two or three of 'em. Those little things Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 in # in the spring of the year they're singing and you get {D:tired of that quick} but they're little bitty green Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: frogs. Interviewer: And no special name for them though? 117: I never heard the name. Interviewer: The rain frog or tree frog or something like that. 117: A rain frog supposed to be in trees he's he's he's not that little bitty one I'm talking about. Interviewer: I see. Those little 117: #1 The rain frog I # Interviewer: #2 {D:ones} # 117: {X} tree frog I don't know nothing about Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 that. # Interviewer: I've heard those little ones called peepers. 117: Huh? Interviewer: Peepers. 117: Well I I never heard Interviewer: Alright. Now these things that uh crawl around under the ground sometimes on top of the ground 117: #1 Are moles? # Interviewer: #2 and use # Yeah these no these are things you use for bait. 117: Hmm? Interviewer: These things you use for bait when you're fishing. 117: Talking about worms those or night crawlers those Interviewer: Alright. Yeah. Now would you just would you use any other words besides just worms or night crawlers? 117: Wigglers I'd say wigglers. Interviewer: Alright. Now um these things grow uh live in the water and they they they seem to move backwards. {NS} 117: They do what? Interviewer: They move backwards they have hard shells. 117: {D:All I} {NW} You talking about a crawfish. Interviewer: Right. And these things fly around uh attracted to to light and they fly on they get into your uh to your clothes they sometimes eat holes in your clothing. 117: What you talking about bats? Interviewer: Not these are are more more like butterflies. They're not butterflies but they're more they're they're more like butterflies than bats. But they fly around and they get into cloth and they eat cloth. 117: Moths? Interviewer: Yeah what would just one of 'em be called? One- 117: Moths? Interviewer: Yeah. That's plural now what would just one of 'em be called? 117: I would just put an S on and call it moths. Interviewer: Yeah and how about just one though? 117: One's a moth. Interviewer: Alright. And uh what is and these little things that fly around you see 'em in the summertime in the night and they light up. 117: Lightning bug. Interviewer: Alright. And these are long slender creatures above uh in- flying insects that you sometimes see sitting on top of a pole. The or around water. In the country. 117: {D:I never} {D:met any of} Interviewer: No I was thinking of something like either a snake doctor or a or um mosquito hawk or a 117: Oh. Interviewer: dragonfly something 117: Dragonfly he ain't he ain't got no light to him. Had he? Interviewer: No. 117: {NW} Yeah I've seen snake doctor I've got skin of it. Interviewer: Okay. Now would you name some other kinds of stinging insects? {NS} 117: Stinging insects? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: There's plenty of 'em. Interviewer: Alright name a few. 117: Well you got your hornets and you got the yellow jackets. And you got your bees. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And there is a stinging scorpion I think that they called him he he's a queer looking thing and he's got his tail comes up that's where Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 he'll sting ya # I think that's what's called stinging scorpion. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. This is something this is some there's another kind though besides hornets and bees and yellow jackets. The brown ones. {NS} 117: Wasps? Interviewer: Yeah. Is that plural or singular? 117: Huh? Interviewer: The plural. Of that. 117: #1 {D:Say again} # Interviewer: #2 Two # 117: #1 It's gonna be wasp. # Interviewer: #2 two # Yeah. That's is that just one isn't it? That's just one of those insects. 117: I said well a wasp nest I I wouldn't know what #1 {D:if i had} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 117: I wouldn't know how to Interviewer: Alright. 117: find two. Interviewer: Okay. 117: Two wasps. {C:pronunciation} Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Uh what about um uh a um um did you ever hear a name for some of these wasps that do not sting? 117: What? Interviewer: The ones that don't sting? That build nests out of mud? 117: There's a certain kind of a you got a carpenter bee a bumble bee and you got one that don't and I don't believe he stings. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: One one bumblebee that don't sting. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: That's the only thing I know. Interviewer: Okay I was thinking of a dirt dauber. 117: Huh? Interviewer: A dirt dauber. 117: Don't he sting? Interviewer: I don't I don't know. Do you think 117: I don't know either I had to get up and tear his nest down. Interviewer: Uh what's that? 117: I said all I know is tear his nest down. Interviewer: Whose nest? 117: Oh dirt dauber he makes his nest and fills it full of {X} I believe. Interviewer: Okay. Um now this is a kind of a stinging insect that draws blood. {NS} It does what? Draws blood? 117: Oh. Interviewer: It's a little very oh sure you do they come in the summer they they sting ya and you get a a welt that itches. 117: You talking about a mosquito. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} Yeah. Now is that one or two? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Is that one or two you're talking about there? 117: I just put an S to make it plural. Interviewer: And what's that then? {NS} That's right no what what's the word? 117: I just add an S to it and then Interviewer: #1 Yeah but I mean # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: say it let's see that I want you to say the word not 117: Saying two mosquitoes that keep me up. Interviewer: Okay alright fine. Now uh these things hop around in the grass an insect. 117: {NW} Interviewer: They're kind of green. {NS} 117: You talking about a grasshopper? Interviewer: Sure. 117: Oh my lord these these gals over buy grasshopper {X} sometimes #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} {C:Laughing} # {NW} {C:Laughing} 117: I see them every day on the street. Interviewer: Yeah. Um now what do you call little fish that are used for bait? 117: Minnows. Interviewer: Alright and um a um something um made uh by a spider. 117: A web. Interviewer: Alright would you call it the same thing indoors or out? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Would you call it the same thing whether it's in a house or outside? 117: I think just a web's a web either way you put it. Interviewer: Alright how about the parts of a tree that are underground? 117: That's the roots. Interviewer: And the and the tree 117: The trunk of the tree and then the limbs. Interviewer: Right. And this is the part of the tree that um that the you get uh the kind of tree that you get syrup from. 117: Maple. Interviewer: Alright. And if there were uh if there were a number of these trees together in a in a group you what would you call that? A number of maple trees. 117: We we don't have any we don't have that don't forget that down here that's a Northern Interviewer: Okay sure what kinds of trees are there around here then? 117: There's {X} trees. Interviewer: Yeah just yeah just some of the local trees. 117: Well we've got several types of oaks. We've got a red oak and a white oak and a post oak that's three distinct and got a blackjack that's four. {NS} And we had one of these old Spanish oak that's what I thought the negroes told me it was. A Spanish oak Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 it's # a sleek bark. It's this big one one of those ones. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: All different classifications. Interviewer: What's a blackjack? 117: He's a little old old growing thing {X} {D:on on a raw pole and} you and when you go down here about um {NS} the fall line {D:in Georgia} you'll find plenty of old blackjacks {D:around Taylor County} Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 All down # in there you'll find {D:plenty of old} {D: scrubbings} {D:And they} they actually don't grow to be tall. Their leaves are very ordinary tree. Interviewer: Is it a kind of oak? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Is it a kind of 117: It's a blackjack oak. Interviewer: I see. Um how what kinds of fruit trees name a few different kinds of fruit trees whether they grow here or not. 117: Well we had peaches and apples and pears and and plums and that's just about Interviewer: What did George Washington cut down? 117: Huh? Interviewer: What did George Washington supposedly cut down? 117: He cut down a cherry tree. Interviewer: Okay and this a kind of uh 117: I forgot cherry but they don't they They used to flourish here but they don't flourish Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 {D:out here in} # {D: Troup} We had three in our home that big #1 {D:when I was} # Interviewer: #2 Is that # 117: {D:Christmas} at that farm. Interviewer: Is that so. Um what um uh this is a more like a almost more like a bush than a tree. And it has great big in the in the it has it has I think it has large leaves and in the um uh in the um uh fall it becomes a very bright red. It's very beautiful. Uh tree. 117: You mean like a you're not talking about a {X} Interviewer: No. No I was thinking of either sumac or shoemake. 117: Oh. You you you you mean like {D:left those with} {D:all the} {D:full leaves} now? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: A Shoemake's supposed to be a red {X} one #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Now this is a kind of vine that you get uh a rash from 117: Talking about uh poison oak? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is that the only kind or is there something else like that? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Can you think of something else similar to that? 117: Well you got some {D:poison} on you but uh You have Thunderwood which is a shrub. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: He's here it'll burn ya up. Interviewer: I see. Well I was thinking of poison ivy. 117: Oh I We call ours poison oak. But it don't bother me. Interviewer: I see. And if you were out in the woods with some children they were picking berries You might say to them you'd better be careful now because some of those berries are 117: Snake berries? Is that what you call 'em? Interviewer: Well these just you just want them to know that not to eat the berries. And you'd say {X} #1 for the reason # 117: #2 {X} # There there is a berry that'll sting in my place out there. We always called them snake berries. Don't eat them. Interviewer: Yeah. Well I was gonna say what now with Why don't you eat them? 117: We always heard that they'd kill you. Interviewer: Alright and if so they'd kill you you'd say such berries that would kill you you'd say are what? 117: Poison. Interviewer: Right. And um uh what other kinds of what kinds of edible berries grow around here? 117: Well we had it blackberries and raspberries and the strawberries. Interviewer: Okay. Um this is something that um a kind of um uh it's a tree. Uh has a a a big bright shiny leaf and it has a {X} very large white flowers. On it. 117: There's a big broad leaf. Interviewer: Yeah it has a big heavy shiny deep dark green leaf and it has large white flowers. 117: You talking about a magnolia? Interviewer: Yeah. Now can you think of something else similar to a magnolia that doesn't have the flowers though? 117: Well your your poplar has a somewhat magnolia like. Because it tulip {D:poplar} Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 117: #2 {D:I think} # Poplar it has sort of a little thing more like a little tulip and it's a Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And it makes seed {D:then} Interviewer: Well I was thinking of either a mountain laurel or a rhododendron if you're familiar with either of those. {NS} 117: Well I don't know nothing about mountain laurel I've seen it but since it's poison and {X} so I never was any Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: How about rhododendron? 117: I don't know I don't know that. Interviewer: Alright. A woman talking about uh the man she's married to she says I must ask my- 117: My husband. {D:My} Interviewer: And yes and he would speak speaking of her he'd say I must ask my- 117: What's that? Interviewer: Yeah what would be the reverse? So what what would the man say of the women? 117: I got to ask my wife. Interviewer: Right. 117: And I never wasn't willing to. Interviewer: Okay. {C:Laughing} Okay. Um uh your male parent is your- 117: Your father. Interviewer: And what did you call your father when you were 117: What'd I call mine? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: I called him papa. Interviewer: Alright and your female parent- 117: She was mama. Interviewer: Okay. And the the full expression is- 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Yeah but the mama is the the short form what's the full form? 117: My mama as use the French use the French version. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 My mom. # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 My mama. # Interviewer: But just in English 117: #1 Huh? # Interviewer: #2 the full # He's your father and she is your- 117: {D:Well} {D:now I} {NS} Mother was my grandmother. Interviewer: #1 Oh I see. # 117: #2 As I would call # {D:her home} mother mother. Interviewer: I see so you'd call 117: And and see mother was my grandmother. Interviewer: I see. {NS} I see. How about your um uh your um um your male grandparent. 117: He was grandfather. Interviewer: Alright. And together your mother and your father are your- {NS} 117: Huh? Interviewer: Together your mother and your father are your- 117: {D:Well now} I I would've said pa and mother. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 They didn't say maw. # Interviewer: Yeah. No I didn't mean anything you just talked about their relationship to you you'd say they're your what? 117: #1 My grandparents. # Interviewer: #2 Your mother # 117: #1 My parents # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 117: and #1 grandparents yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # And a person's offspring are his- 117: Children. Interviewer: Alright. And a and something you take a child out for a a uh take {X} put a baby in women take the baby and puts it in this and takes it outside for a walk. 117: Got to change his clothes? Interviewer: No just something to to walk him around in outside. If you saw a women walking with a baby outside in in one of these things what would you call that thing she's 117: I wouldn't call it I Interviewer: I mean would you call it a baby carriage or a a baby buggy 117: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 that sort of thing. # 117: You didn't tell me you sit him up in the Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 carriage # hell you've answered your own question. Interviewer: Okay well I didn't know which word you'd use. Uh and a person doing that would you say she's wheeling the baby rolling the baby or riding the baby? {NS} 117: I'd say she's pushing the carriage. Interviewer: Okay. Um and a female offspring is a- 117: daughter Interviewer: And she's not a boy but a- 117: Gal. Interviewer: Alright or uh another way of saying that. 117: A female. Interviewer: Yeah. Is a 117: {D:You want me to say} Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 {D:a female} # or something else? Interviewer: No well I mean now is that the only way you'd say that word? Other than gal? 117: Girl Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 you got # a lassy Interviewer: Alright yeah 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 fine. And # A woman who assists in the birth of a child is called a- 117: Say she's expecting one. Interviewer: Yeah but no there's a woman a woman has is expecting a baby immediately 117: #1 {D:She's} # Interviewer: #2 and she might call # 117: #1 She's # Interviewer: #2 ca- # 117: an expectant #1 mother # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 117: she's pregnant. Interviewer: Yeah and she calls a woman in the neighborhood to come over and assist with the birth of the child what's that woman called? Woman in the neighborhood who isn't a professional doctor. She isn't the physician. 117: Oh you talking about um midwife. You talking about a midwife? Interviewer: Right. Um and if a boy has um uh facial features very similar to his father um you might say the boy does what his father? 117: The boy's a what? Interviewer: He has facial features very similar to his father. {NS} 117: Then you said what {D:what did you what what} Interviewer: #1 Yeah well # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: what what word would you use there would you say he resembles his father uh 117: #1 I I I # Interviewer: #2 favors his father # 117: I'd go back to dialect I'd say {D:he's the very spirit} of his daddy. Interviewer: Okay. Fine. Um and now if this referred to his to his looks or his behavior. {NS} 117: That's his looks. His behavior is I don't even know about. Interviewer: Alright. And if a ch- you might say to a child if you don't behave yourself you're going to get a- 117: Spanking. Interviewer: Alright. And um {NS} Let's say um um a little boy um uh to go from a little to be go from a little boy to a man you'd say that the little boy did what? He- 117: He {X} Interviewer: Yeah or he grew {NS} 117: Grew to manhood? Interviewer: Yeah but you'd say now he's all- {NS} He's fully grown now so you'd say Would you say he's all what up? 117: Grown up? Interviewer: Sure. You'd say it seems like in no time he- 117: Seems {D:about the time} he's grown up? Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} I just meant it and so you might say about him you might say he did what in a hurry? He {NS} He grew up I mean or growed up. He grew up or growed up in a hurry you see. {NS} 117: Well he grew up in a hurry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: I let him grew up. Interviewer: Okay. Um How about terms for an infant? born out of wedlock {NS} 117: He's a little bastard. Interviewer: Okay any other names. 117: Yeah he's a little volunteer. Interviewer: Alright. Anything else? 117: That's enough for it. Interviewer: Okay. And a child whose parents are dead is a- 117: Well he's he's a little love child too now that's what I call 'em #1 one of those. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # I see. Alright and a and a um 117: Parents he's an orphan. Interviewer: Alright and a and if um an orphan uh s- the court if the court appoints someone to take care of an orphan you call that person a- 117: Guardian. Interviewer: Alright. And all of the people related to you you call them your- 117: Call them my kin. Interviewer: Alright and um would that be immediate or uh and distant relatives all your relatives you'd call your kin. 117: That that kinship would include include all of 'em but uh the the degree would come later. Interviewer: I see. And then you if you'd say speaking of of someone not having any relationship to someone else you might say he is what to her? He is- 117: He's what? Interviewer: He is to say he he has no he's not a blood relative. {NS} Of uh of her. Of a girl you'd say so you'd say he is no what Would you say he is no kin to her or he is no uh relation to her? He is not related to her or he's 117: No kin would be alright. You see I I got no I have no close kin. That's factual. Interviewer: Okay. Um what uh uh a person born in another country you'd call him a what? 117: Call him a foreigner. Interviewer: Alright. And what does that word mean does that is that limited to people born in other countries? Or also for people from different parts of this country? 117: Well {D:I vote for} {D:Bill Beasy} {D:he's fallen} {X} {X} Southerners so that's where I got it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And the mother of Jesus her name was- 117: Mary. Interviewer: And George Washington's wife? 117: Named Martha. Interviewer: And the song Wait Till the Sun Shines 117: What? Interviewer: There was a song some time ago in which uh the words wait till the sun shine 117: shine Nellie and the clouds go drifting #1 by # Interviewer: #2 Right. # Okay. And the first book of the New Testament is- Right before Mark. 117: Matthew Mark Luke and John. Interviewer: Right. And um a man's name is um a man Mr. Cooper his wife'd be? 117: What's that? Interviewer: Man's name Mr. Cooper his wife's name would be- 117: Mrs. Cooper. Interviewer: Alright. And do you have a name for a part time or unqualified preacher? {NS} 117: He was licensed. Interviewer: Yeah but if he wasn't even licensed he just went around uh 117: That's illegal now right? Interviewer: Yeah. How about um uh the term jack leg does that have any currency? 117: #1 {D:Oh} # Interviewer: #2 Around here? # 117: common {X} Interviewer: What does that mean? 117: Jack leg well if you that's not rating him very high. Interviewer: Alright. Is that limited to preachers or do you use that 117: No you have jack legs in any profession. Interviewer: For example. {NS} 117: I think a little jack legged lawyers. Interviewer: Alright. Um do you have a uh uh what would you call a in in school a a female teacher? 117: What's that? Interviewer: A female teacher in school. 117: Well it's nothing but a female teacher. Interviewer: Yeah if if well if you had a female teacher would you have a special name for her? Like a school something? 117: I don't know there used to be something about seminaries. I don't know what you're Interviewer: #1 No I didn't # 117: #2 talking # Interviewer: mean that I meant it like a school ma'am or a schoolmarm. 117: Schoolmarm was who ma'am would be Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: the way that'll go. Interviewer: And if you're talking to a um a relative of yours and you point to a man over there you'd say that man over there he's your uncle. And his wife she's- 117: My aunt. Of course. Interviewer: Yeah. But not my but talking to you're talking to another person. You're explaining this relationship to another person. You'd say he is your uncle and she is- 117: She is my uncle's wife yeah. Interviewer: Alright. Um {NS} And um the uh the name Sally is a nickname for- 117: Sarah. Interviewer: Alright. And the highest rank in the army is- 117: Now buddy I don't know unless it's a general. Interviewer: That's all I want. And the man who presides over a trial is a- 117: Judge. Interviewer: And the uh person attending school is a- 117: Student. Interviewer: And a woman who takes dictation in an office? {NS} 117: She used to be a stenographer I don't know what she is Interviewer: #1 Alright # 117: #2 now. # Interviewer: a stenographer was one who takes dictation but one who does other kind of work in an office would be a what? A pri- a person might have a private 117: Secretary I reckon. Interviewer: Alright and the man on a stage is an actor what's a woman called? 117: A man does what? Interviewer: On a stage a performer on a stage would be called an actor. 117: Yeah. Interviewer: What would a woman be #1 called? # 117: #2 She's an # actress. Interviewer: Alright. And talking about someone's nationality you'd say uh he is a Mexican but I am- 117: I am an American. Right and a person with black skin is a- He's a nigger. Interviewer: Alright any other words? Any other terms? 117: Mm? Interviewer: Are there any other terms that uh uh you're familiar with? For a Black man? Yeah. 117: Well they think they're supposed to be called Black men or African and I don't want Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 117: #2 to. # Interviewer: But are there any any any humorous or contemptuous terms that you uh you're familiar with? Besides those? 117: I don't get what you're trying Interviewer: Well I mean are there any other terms besides nigger that uh you might use in to to to um uh to refer to uh to a a person with black skin. {NS} 117: No. We knew 'em as niggers and then {NS} knew 'em and loved 'em. We called 'em niggers and we knew 'em and we loved 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: {D:As niggers isn't it} It don't in our day it didn't have the significance that it carries today. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about people with white skin? 117: Huh? Interviewer: People that with with uh light skin with white skin what are they called? 117: They're called cashews is all I know. Interviewer: Okay. Um if a uh how about um uh a term perhaps used by Negroes or and sometimes used by sometimes used by Negroes and sometimes used by Caucasians to to refer to to poor uh white people. 117: What you're talking about poor white trash? Interviewer: Okay. Now any terms that you're familiar with for a person living in the country. Or and out of touch with town life. {NS} 117: Country cracker? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. That's the sort of thing # 117: #2 That's what you're talking about? # Interviewer: now that that's a very that's a good one. Now are there any others. Like that that you can think of. 117: Country cracker's all I know. Interviewer: Alright. Do you have you ever heard the term {D: sayjer} {C:Unclear on term meant} 117: {D:Sayjer} country {D:sayjer} yeah Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 I heard # that but country cracker was what they used to Interviewer: #1 I see. # 117: #2 say. # Interviewer: Where did you hear {D: sayjer} Do you remember? 117: Don't know too much about that. Interviewer: Alright. 117: {D:Us} us was in the country but us wasn't crackers. Interviewer: Okay. {X} Were the crackers well were how did the crackers how did the crackers differ from other people? 117: Huh? Interviewer: How did the crackers differ from other people? {NS} 117: Well I don't know unless it was that they just had a s- lower standard of of living Interviewer: {NW} 117: on {D:every school} Interviewer: I see. 117: I think that {D:west end of Morrow's} was always lower than the {X} mentioned class but we we had cash we had cash yeah we Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: And you had your different classes of folks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 117: And you gonna have 'em again in {D: Fayes} Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} If you um If you want if someone was rushing you to go someplace and you wanted them eh to you wanted a little more time you might say just what I'll be with you. Just- {NS} 117: I I'd tell 'em don't pressure me. Interviewer: Yeah you'd say don't pressure me but say you're talking about a period of time about sixty seconds. Ya know? Say just- {NS} 117: I'll be ready to go directly. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 Is that what you want? # Interviewer: Yeah or just a minute. 117: Mm? Interviewer: Like the expression just a minute. 117: No we used to be dir- directly is what we directly I don't know what directly was I haven't looked it up. Interviewer: Alright. How much is sixty seconds? 117: Sixty seconds? Is a minute. Interviewer: Alright. And if you wanted to know the distance from here to Palmetto let's say you might ask someone how- 117: How far is it. Interviewer: Yeah. And under what circumstances do you use the expression uh look here? 117: Look here? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: Under what circumstance? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: When you try to get attention. Interviewer: Okay. 117: That's e- for emphasis. Interviewer: Okay. Now uh if you wanted to know the number of times someone does something. You might say how what? #1 Do you do it. # 117: #2 How often # do you do that. Interviewer: Yeah. And if someone says I'm not going to do that. And you agree with them {D:you say} someone says I'm not going to do that. And you'd say- about yourself. 117: I ain't either. I ain't either. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh this up here is what? {NS} What's this stuff? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: What's this stuff? What's this stuff here? 117: What what you talking about your hair? Interviewer: Yeah and up here this is my what? 117: That's your forehead Interviewer: And this is my- 117: That's your ear. Interviewer: Which one? 117: Wait a minute see let's {D:take a paper towel to it} Your ear's not big enough. {NW} Interviewer: Which one is this over here? 117: That is your left ear. Interviewer: And this one? 117: That's your right ear. Interviewer: And if I let my whiskers grow I might grow a- 117: Beard. Interviewer: And this is my- 117: Mouth. Interviewer: And this is one- 117: One tooth. Interviewer: And two- 117: {NW} That's teeth. Interviewer: Alright. And this is my- 117: Throat or or neck. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 {D:Either one} # Interviewer: Uh and this is the what of my hand? 117: That's the palm of your hand. Interviewer: And um this is one- And then and then two- 117: That's Interviewer: two two 117: #1 Fingers. # Interviewer: #2 what? # 117: Fingers. Interviewer: #1 And two what # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: though? 117: Huh? Interviewer: One hand two- 117: You got your right and left hand. Interviewer: And taken together they're two- 117: {D:They're two} Ten fingers. Interviewer: Alright you're just talking about that {NS} The uh this is one hand and this makes two. 117: Two hands yeah. Interviewer: Right. Did you ever heard the the the throat called anything else #1 besides the throat? # 117: #2 Huh? # Interviewer: {NS} Do you remember the throat being called anything besides the throat? 117: {D:Me?} Interviewer: Yeah or anything else. 117: Well I don't know anything about the Interviewer: #1 {X} # 117: #2 {X} # called the neck. What you talking Interviewer: I think a goozle. 117: Huh? Interviewer: Thinking of goozle. 117: Oh that's that's your goozle yeah. Interviewer: #1 {D:Alright} # 117: #2 {D:Yeah} # Interviewer: your Adam's apple. 117: Huh? Interviewer: Your Adam's apple is your #1 goozle huh. # 117: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: I see. And if if I make this I'm making a what? 117: Fist. Interviewer: And two- 117: Two fists. Interviewer: Alright. And um uh if you're talking about your elbow and your wrist and your shoulders your knees your ankles all of these things. Say I had pains in the- 117: My joints. Interviewer: Okay. Um. And is that the usual pronunciation you'd use? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Is that the usual pronunciation you'd use? 117: I never used it before #1 in my life. # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # What would you use? 117: Huh? Interviewer: What is the #1 {X} # 117: #2 {D:But I I} # I just that was voluntary so that's natural. Interviewer: Okay. Um would you but I mean would you call it joints or #1 joints {C:pronunciation} # 117: #2 I said # joints but Interviewer: Alright. And um uh this is a a part of a man's body is his what? 117: That's his chest. Interviewer: Alright and these are- 117: Shoulders. Interviewer: And this is the 117: {D:What?} Interviewer: This whole thing is a- 117: That a leg. Interviewer: Yeah. And this is one- {NS} 117: That's a foot Interviewer: #1 And two # 117: #2 I reckon. # Interviewer: of 'em? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Two- 117: Two feet. Interviewer: Alright. And if a person isn't feeling well um you'd say uh he and he and he he looks he's his skin 117: He's ailing. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 He don't feel # fine. Interviewer: And you might say he looks um mighty- 117: Peccant. Interviewer: Alright. And uh if a person is able to lift a very heavy object you'd say he's he really is- {NW} 117: He's a strong man. Interviewer: Alright and a person gets along very well with everyone you'd say he's what kind of a person? {NS} 117: Gets along very well? I'd say he's a smooth operator. Interviewer: Alright. But I mean {X} now does that that is a perfectly neutral uh expression? 117: Huh? Interviewer: Is that is that a I mean just you're talking about someone a neighbor of yours who's very friendly with everybody you call him a smooth operator? {NS} Or would it be someone Uh I mean I didn't mean necessarily an operator I just mean someone who who uh 117: Who's affable? Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah. 117: That that affable might be uh a better selection then. Interviewer: Alright. Um what does the word common mean to you? 117: Huh? Interviewer: What does the word common mean? 117: Common mean? Interviewer: Yeah. Talking about people. 117: Just a common everyday {X} no no distinguishing points just a run-of-the-mill type. Interviewer: But if you talked about someone being common what would that suggest? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: If you talked about someone being common what 117: If I talked about someone being common I'd I'd be talking about somebody kept down Interviewer: Okay. 117: That's the way I feel about Interviewer: I see And if a if a if a woman um an older woman gets around a lot you'd say she's really what? 117: A get about? Interviewer: Okay. You'd say she's a get about {C:pronunciation} but or you might say she's she's would you use something like spry or or or pert {C:pronunciation} or lively or active something like that. {NS} 117: I don't like that spryness cause that's that's what they accuse me of being. Interviewer: Oh really well um but it's a it's a common word around here though 117: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. Um if um something makes you feel ill at ease you know you'd say I feel a little what? About that I feel a little {NS} And you don't really feel right about something. And that really makes 117: I'm uncomfortable when I'm ill at ease. Interviewer: Okay. Fine. And if a person doesn't uh if a person has fear of something you'd say he's what? 117: Well I have claustrophobia now I can sa- say that about myself. Interviewer: Yeah. 117: I have a fear of closed places that's just about the as far as I know about fear. Interviewer: Alright. But I just mean the general word for that. Like in the expression the children used to say who's the what of the big bad 117: #1 Who's # Interviewer: #2 wolf? # 117: scared of it. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 Who's # scared of it. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 {D:Mm yeah} # Interviewer: And um {NW} say a person um at one time was afraid of something but is no longer afraid of that you might say she what to be afraid of the dark? {NS} She- She isn't afraid of the dark now but she- {NS} in the past. 117: She used to be afraid of the dark. Interviewer: Okay. And what would the negative of that be? If someone contradicts that statement that she used to be afraid of the dark a person might say she didn't- 117: She's she's bold I I don't Interviewer: No I didn't mean that I mean something like would you say she didn't use to be afraid of the dark is that does that sound alright? {NS} 117: Yes that's alright. Interviewer: What? {NS} 117: You say she didn't used to be but she is now. #1 {D:Or like} # Interviewer: #2 Right. # 117: the other way around. Interviewer: Either way is okay. Now a person who is uh who doesn't watch out what he's doing and is uh you might say he's a very what kind of person? 117: He's a careless fella I reckon. Interviewer: Alri- 117: {D:He's used to that} He's he's pure carelessness. Interviewer: Okay. And um a person does things differently from the way other people do it he might be called what kind of a person? 117: I don't know about that but I I I {D:am also} left-handed {D:of course staying to} a different side of a lotta people. Interviewer: Okay. What about the word the uh the uh a word for for a person's behavior is strange. Instead of you might say he's strange or you might say he is what? 117: Queer. Interviewer: Alright. Now does that word have any other connotations or suggestions? 117: Hmm. To say he's queer means he don't fit in {D:the most} category of what's right. Interviewer: Okay. And if a person is uh easily offended you might say he's awfully what? 117: Oh he's got a chip on his shoulder. Interviewer: That's right now. He has a chip on his shoulder he's very- {NS} Uh if a uh if a person doesn't um {NW} and when a person a person has a chip on his shoulder or he's touchy um you might say when when someone bothers him he gets awfully what? {NS} 117: {NW} I don't know what you're talking about unless you say get off his {X} get off his {X} I don't Interviewer: Nah I didn't mean that But I meant you'd say he he'd get awfully- Would you say he'd get awfully angry 117: #1 Oh. # Interviewer: #2 he'd get awfully # mad? 117: So you were saying awful I didn't Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 117: #2 get that awful # I missed Interviewer: Uh-huh. 117: {D:I missed off} Interviewer: Uh-huh. {NS} 117: He becomes incensed I I can get Interviewer: Yeah that's 117: #1 {D:I get that} # Interviewer: #2 the idea. # 117: #1 that's # Interviewer: #2 {D:but} # Okay. And if a person gets upset ya know you might tell him just- 117: Calm down. Interviewer: Right. And a person works all day he says I'm really what? {NS} 117: #1 Hard? # Interviewer: #2 Person # Yes again please. That's right what Say it again. 117: Oh hard worked hard? Interviewer: Yeah worked hard all day and now he's very- 117: Tired. Interviewer: Right. Or he's all what? He's all- 117: All in. Interviewer: Alright. Um how about the past tense of wear out? 117: The what? Interviewer: He's all- 117: Worn out. Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 117: #2 He's all # worn out Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 117: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: And a person has been um um um eh You might say a person became ill. But how about if you were going to use the term sick? She what sick? 117: Say she was {X} Interviewer: Yeah she was. Would you say she took sick she got sick {NS} 117: I wouldn't know how to speak that I tell you when you go {NS} go about ladies I don't tell you I Interviewer: #1 Not necessarily a lady # 117: #2 {D:around them} # Interviewer: a man either either a man he was he he uh he got sick or he he uh he took sick. {NS} Or a child. You'd say 117: Oh you're talking about if took sick. Interviewer: Yeah sure. 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 If that's what you'd use. # 117: #1 Either one of them # Interviewer: #2 {D:And that} # 117: tooken sick. Interviewer: I see and a person uh went out didn't wear enough clothes on a rainy day you know or a cold day and you'd say he what cold? 117: Got wet and he took cold. Interviewer: Alright. Would you ever use the term caught here? 117: Hmm? Interviewer: Um. Alright. And a person that is talks like this {C:talking softly in strained voice} {NS} you'd say he's what? 117: Hoarse. Interviewer: Alright and he has a {NW} {C:imitating coughing} 117: Cough. Interviewer: Um. And the doctor comes over and the doctor's giving you some medicine to take ya know and he says um uh did you take your medicine? And you say I what some yesterday? Medicine. 117: I say I took some Interviewer: #1 Yes # 117: #2 {D:yesterday} # Interviewer: and I have all the medicine you've given me. I have- {NS} 117: Say you've taken #1 {D:all the medicine} # Interviewer: #2 Sure. # 117: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 And a person # can't hear he's what? 117: He's deaf that's me I'm deaf you've found that out. Interviewer: No you're not deaf if you were deaf I wouldn't be able to talk to you. 117: {NW} {C:Laughing} Interviewer: Um. The uh a person um uh on a hot day he might what? 117: What? Interviewer: On a hot day a person might- 117: He might perspire yeah. Interviewer: #1 Alright another # 117: #2 {D:He would} # sweat. Interviewer: #1 Alright. Either way # 117: #2 {D:Do I reckon this way} # perspire. Interviewer: Alright. And um a person gets a large sore on his hand you know that has to be lanced {NS} What do you call that? {NS} 117: You talking about a carbuncle? Interviewer: Something like a carbuncle except this thing has a core in it. {NS} 117: It has a core you say? Interviewer: Yeah. It has a it's a #1 large # 117: #2 {X} # you talking Interviewer: #1 Yeah that's right # 117: #2 about? # Interviewer: that's right. Um {NS} now what is the what do you call that stuff inside of a 117: It's pus. Interviewer: Alright. And um if uh a person has a bad infection in his hand you might say his hand did what it- {NS} 117: Swollen up? Interviewer: Yeah. Um it you'd say a wasp stung me yesterday and my hand really- That's you're {X} that's the right word now what How would you use it there? My uh a wasp stung me and my hand really- 117: Swelled up? Interviewer: Right. Um. And a person is shot with a revolver you know uh and and suffers a bullet what? 117: Bullet wound. Interviewer: Alright. And uh you don't hear so much about this anymore but um {NW} in the past when a when a a wound didn't heal right. Or a a sore didn't heal right sometimes there was some some some flesh around the side that had to be uh cut away. Remember what that was called? 117: You call that proud flesh. Interviewer: #1 Right. # 117: #2 Is that what # you're talking about? Interviewer: Yes that's right. And this is something that you put on a um a uh a sore it's a disinfectant. 117: A salve? Interviewer: Yeah kind of this is something that burns. 117: Hmm? Interviewer: They don't use it as much today as they used to but it really 117: #1 An ointment? # Interviewer: #2 burns. # 117: {X} blister? Interviewer: No this is something that does burn when you put it on. 117: It's a liniment? Interviewer: No it's just the kind it's not mercurochrome but it's something like that. Only it burns. {NS} Whereas mercurochrome didn't burn. {NS} 117: I don't know nothing but {D:just a little} {X} I used to {D:put in} my hand and put it on. {X} Interviewer: Okay this is something they put in salt. Too. 117: I don't know what you're talking about. Interviewer: Iodine or iodine. {D:pronunciation} 117: Oh. Yeah yeah. Well what about it? Interviewer: #1 Which # 117: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Well how do you pronounce it? 117: How do I call it? Interviewer: Yeah. 117: I call it iodine. Interviewer: Alright and how about {X} {C:distorted}