Interviewer 3:  {NS} {X} Something {NS} speeds up here {NS} looks like it's going regular speed now but
Interviewer 2:  Yeah. Check it.
Interviewer 3:  #1 Check mic check #
Interviewer 2:  #2 Check the sound. It might be nothing. It might have no effect on the # on the um
Interviewer 3:  okay on the recording All right.
Interviewer:  Mic check testing one two three four mic check. I think last time we stopped uh you were telling me about harmonicas and all that but #1 before we get back into that #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  You said that you wanted to tell me about uh some unusual way of uh raising tobacco? was
185:  Yeah well it's not unusual way of raising it, it's just that we have a different type of tobacco at home than they have in North Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  In North Carolina and Virgina and Tennessee they grow burley. And at home we grow flue-cured tobacco. And the difference is primarily in the way that you crop it or harvest it and cure it. And in Virginia Tennessee, North Carolina, um the whole plant, the whole stalk, gets ripe the same time from the bottom leaves to the top. And so that they're able to go in in the summer late summer and cut the whole stalk down take it to the barn and hang it up and air-dry it that way. But at home we don't grow that type of tobacco. Um our tobacco is what's known as flue-cured tobacco. And it doesn't ripe- it ripens from the bottom to the top but not at the same time, at different at different times so that you have to harvest it in stages. And each harvesting is known as a cropping and um when you crop tobacco, it refers to both the whole process as well as individually breaking the leaves off off the tobacco plant and by flue-curing. What we do there, we have tobacco barns that are about twenty feet by twenty feet square and usually about a hundred feet high. And each tobacco barn is divided into rooms and it's divided by having um a set of rafter-like poles, known as tier poles um in vertical rows. And most barns are either four rooms or five rooms. And that's where you put the green tobacco to cure it. And it's flue-cured because you have either um gas-fired burners um bottled gas, propane, burners on the inside or you can have heating pipes on the inside with your um fuel-oil burner on the outside of your fr- fan and blow the hot air in. And what this does is that you use the heat to dry the tobacco out. It goes through several stages. You have it on low heat where you're getting your whole barn warm and the tobacco warm-warm from the top to the bottom. Um from that then you put it on color which is a little bit higher heat and that when you put on color you're slowly drying it out but at a faster rate and you're um coloring your tobacco yellow and on up to gold. And as you do this it gets drier and drier. And then finally you put it on high heat at the very end which is usually around a hundred and twenty to a hundred and fifty. And um this is the final drying stage where you dry out all the moisture. Um you have a particular problem drying out the stems to the tobacco leaves because they usually start out um as big around as your thumb and to dry these out and get them brittle um takes a good bit of time and heating usually takes about a week t- to a week and a half to cook out your- um barn of tobacco. After you get through drying it and curing it you cut off your heat and you have to let your tobacco get in order. By this you have to um open the doors and let moisture come back in. Not a whole lot or else you're gonna wind up having to cook it again or it'll get too wet and your stems will begin to swell up. And so you'll have to dry it again but you left a little bit get in it's easier to handle easier to unstring to pack up. And once you get it in order you can unload your barn put it in a packhouse and then unstring it put it on sheets and take it to market. Now the way we crop tobacco is um it's gradually mechanize- it's becoming even more mechanized. Um when my parents were growing up they did it all on foot and using mules. The tobacco grows in rows um either two rows or four rows and then you have a skip which is about ten to fifteen feet wide um that's basically a space for the tractor and the harvester to go down the middle. And then you have two rows or four rows depending on if you're using a two-row or a four-row harvester then another skip and so on like that. When my parents were growing up um the cropper the man who breaks the tobacco leaves off the tobacco stalk had to walk and bend over, he had crop it you just take your either one hand or both hands just wrap it around the stalk pull it forward toward you. This snaps the leaves off. And when before it became mechanized you'd have a sled in the middle between the rows drawn by a mule and you'd place the tobacco in that. {NS} When they got to the end of the row and the sled was full the tobacco would be taken to a barn it would be unloaded there and a person known as a hander would hand the tobacco usually three or four leaves to the stringer. Um the tobacco is put on sticks that are usually about three feet long about half inch square usually made of pine. Um the stringer takes these and using tobacco twine, tobacco string which is a special type of cotton string um ties it to the stick. You take your string, tie it at one end then you take your hands of tobacco put them next to the stick take your string, wrap it pull it tight. Then you're ready- that's on the left-hand side. You do the same on the right-hand side and reverse yourself. And then you just keep on going one hand from the left on the left-hand side cross over do a hand on the right-hand side until you get your stickful, it usually takes about twenty or twenty-five hands of your tobacco on each side. Then you tie it off at the end wrap your string around it break it and then the person known as the stick toter would take the stick take it into the barn and usually then they would put it on the bottom two tier poles between four of the rooms. When they got the bottom two tier po- tier poles full all over the bottom people would climb up into the barn on the tier poles, they're usually about maybe four feet apart three and a half or four so that you can stand with your legs spread between them. Someone would hand it up to one person say in the middle of the barn, that person would the stick of green tobacco on up to the person in the top of the barn. And they'd start hanging from the bottom coming on down. What they do now is that you've got the tobacco harvester that's usually pulled by that's pulled by a tractor. And You've got on one side there's a platf- a small platform. The cropper sits on a cushion with his leg on a little platform that's about I guess two feet wide so if he's down at the bottom with the tobacco the stringer who ties the tobacco to the sticks sits about three feet up two and a half feet up from the bottom platform facing the cropper like you and I are sitting. I'd be the cropper you'd be the stringer. I would if I were the cropper I would break the leaf off the tobacco stalk hand them up to you and you would tie them onto the stick. There's your stick is in a little square box of metal with rollers on it so that you can roll your stick forward as you need more space. And so that so that the stick toter can pull the stick out and put it on the wagon that is following the tobacco harvester. The sticks are in the middle in a little platform there and then the whole process is repeated, the whole arrangement is repeated on the other side. That's a two-row tobacco harvester, which is the most commonly-used if you're doing stick method. There's a four-row model where you've got the si- where you've got sort of on a on a flying outrig up there a cropper and a stringer. And they will be going down in {X} in between two rows of tobacco. And if you're having to take the sticks off it gets really difficult cause you're having to reach over another row of tobacco #1 to get that stick off and put on the wagon behind you. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm. Mm-hmm. #
185:  And except for that the same process is basically as when my parents were growing up. Except that when my parents were growing up the barns were fired with wood. And so someone would have to stay up all night and keep the fire going and make sure that the barn didn't burn down.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And barns frequently burned down. There was a man in town who um He was a rather large farmer, who had a mean old soul too but a saintly Christian. #1 And um #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
185:  he had a big ebony walking cane. So about three in the morning, he'd go out to check his tobacco barns to see how they were doing. So he'd cut off his lights a good way from the barn cut off the motor to his car and walk down to the barn. And invariably the field hand would be asleep. Invariably he would be black. And so the man would just take his ebony cane and just beat the man till he woke up.
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  And um
Interviewer:  #1 Struck him gently between the eyes? #
185:  #2 Yeah. Struck him gently between the eyes. # And um but anyway then that's how my grandparents do tobacco now with the harvester and cropping two rows.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And their barn is fuel-fired. There's another method that's an even more mechanized method that's bulk barn. It's still flue-cured.
Interviewer:  Bulk barn?
185:  Bulk barn. Um it's basically a totally mechanized process you have a harvester {NS} that goes through the field it's either self-propelled or pulled by a tractor. Um it, you set each side for certain levels how high you want it to um go up on the on the tobacco stalk and it breaks off the leaves itself. I've never seen one work. But it harvests it it breaks the tobacco off the stalk then it goes up a conveyor belt over the top and down into a wagon that {D: fallen} down and loads the tobacco onto a metal rack that has two prongs {NS} sticking out like this and then a series of smaller prongs #1 behind it, well #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm #
185:  It's got like two large prongs sticking out and then smaller prongs. And it just packs the tobacco on this.
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  And then um when it when that gets full a front metal plate fits on the two large prongs and it's loaded onto a wagon that follows it. Then you take that to your bulk barn which is a metal barn about twenty by thirty and there's a lift there. You have a hoist. An electric hoist. And um an eye beam and you um lift that up you lift your big racks off your wagon and then run 'em back to the back and hang them up on hooks that hang down from the top of your bulk barn. When you get that done, you come out pick up another load that's there by then and you just fill it up. And that too is a flue-cured method and is is what the people that grows a lot of tobacco, like fifty, sixty, hundred acres use. But most of the people who are doing small tobacco allotments um ten acres and under {X} stoop method.
Interviewer:  #1 How did you come to know all about this? First hand experience or? #
185:  #2 Yeah, first-hand experience. #
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Um it's it sounds sort of we were using the stick method our far- I worked for my grandfather and for friends of ours that lived across the road from my grandfather and we used the stick method and I did a little bit of everything, from cropping I never learned to string uh to be a good stringer you have to start out very early.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And it finally gets to be more an art than anything else.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  Um I cropped, I toted sticks I helped load the barn and on about up in about three in the afternoon, it gets to be very very hot out in the back field, but that's not what's so bad is that your tobacco begins to smell because it's green it's got a lot of nicotine, a lot of tar in it and #1 it it's quick easy to get sick from it. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
185:  And when you crop tobacco it's got a lot of like I said, a lot of tar in it so that your hands wind up just being covered and black with tobacco gum. And what you have to do to be able to crop is you just your hands like w-will literally stick together if you were to press them together. So what you do, you just reach down in the dirt cover your hands in dirt and keep going
Interviewer:  You did that for about how long?
185:  I've I did it for two summers.
Interviewer:  {D: Good eye} hard work
185:  It is. There's nothing wrong with it. I enjoyed it. I enjoy it. We all all of us who were working together came to be very very good friends, who I'd known all of them for a long time.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  But um we came to be even better friends.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. #1 Companions in adversity? #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
185:  #2 Yeah, def- oh oh definitely companions # in adversity. Especially when um The July thundershowers come rolling in about about four in the afternoon and you're the highest thing in the field and you're metal.
Interviewer:  Oh {NW}
185:  And there's lots of good lightning popping #1 around #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah {NW} #
185:  Some people who'd been struck the harvesters who'd been struck um the ones that I was on was never were ne- were never stricken.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  Yeah. But um others were, and there's some people that the stories are told about them that as soon as the clouds come up they take off for the house.
Interviewer:  Can't believe it. Some s-some
Interviewer 3:  {X} uh they do you have any names the colors and such did you have a coloring, names or the colors?
185:  Not that I know of. There may be.
Interviewer 3:  Do you use the word bright in any in a tobacco sense. Do you know the word bright in a tobacco
185:  Not as a tobacco term, no.
Interviewer 3:  How about as a racial term?
185:  As a racial term? {NS} More than more Not as racial but um more in the sense of an intellectual term. As far as racial terms go um there's high yellow and um
Interviewer:  Do you mean by that?
185:  By that um very light-skinned black person referred to {NS} in a derogatory sense as having a lot of white blood.
Interviewer:  Does it have anything to do with their mannerisms or?
185:  Um maybe some what are interpreted as white mannerisms but more to the color of their skin
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm {NW}
185:  As being as being very light-skinned
Interviewer:  Mm yeah I never for some reason never thought about Georgia as being a tobacco country but uh #1 for sure it must be {NW} but #
185:  #2 Yeah, yeah. # There's a good bit of tobacco country at home. There's a whole belt from Vidalia over to Moultrie down a sort of triangle down to Thomas- down through Valdosta and then north Florida.
Interviewer:  Hmm. {X} It's an interesting process. Okay well I just was uh get back over to where we left off last time uh uh #1 I might repeat myself, but you were telling me about uh harmonica and the #
185:  #2 Yeah #
Interviewer:  I was interested in whether you've heard that called anything else besides that.
185:  Yeah I've heard it referred to as a Jew's harp.
Interviewer:  Jew's harp
185:  Yes
Interviewer:  I see. Well uh what about this little thing how that people can play by uh like have a twangy noise, you kind of pluck it on the side like this? #1 You ever #
185:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
185:  #2 I'm not familiar with that. #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Can you tell me about uh some common tools that you might keep around the house for uh you know doing odd jobs or uh yard work, that sort of thing
185:  Yeah, there'd be everyone has a hammer a hoe a shovel various rakes um hoses a wheelbarrow various carts yard carts um an ax a saw both um a carpenter carpenter saw and a li- a saw that you can use to cut tree limbs with um various maybe a coping saw
Interviewer:  A what?
185:  A coping saw.
Interviewer:  What's that?
185:  A coping saw is a small saw, very fine blade, very narrow blade that you can use to um cut circles with and various circular designs
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh #
185:  #2 with # Um it's got a U-shaped frame rectangular U-shaped um and then a handle and then a th-thin blade that's between the end of the handle and where the other end of the "U" is.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  You fit your blade in there, tighten little screws and then you're ready to um cut. If you're cutting a circle, usually what you do is you can drill drill a hole to start with um loosen your blade at one end um put your blade through the st- through the hole that you drilled then fasten it back together and you can cut.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. I see. You mentioned wheelbarrow. Have you ever heard uh that called any other name? Just wheelbarrow?
185:  I don't think so.
Interviewer:  Ever heard people refer to it as a Georgia buggy?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Haven't heard that. Uh I wanna ask you a few things about uh wagons. Uh you know tha- tha- that uh long wooden thing that runs up uh between the horses #1 on a wagon? #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  {X} know what that's called?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard it called a {D: can} {C: pronunciation}
185:  Yeah, that's what it is.
Interviewer:  Mm. Say if you have a buggy those those things that you would back the horse the twenty when you were hitching him up to the buggy, have any idea what those would be called?
185:  Not offhand.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard people refer to uh buggy shafts?
185:  #1 Yeah. Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 Shaft was buggy? #
185:  Mm-hmm. But it's been a long time. My grandfather got rid of his buggy probably fifteen years ago.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And then the wagon we don't do anything with it, it just sits under a shed.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  Off off at the back of the farm.
Interviewer:  I see. Let's say, we're talking about uh a wagon wheel right in the middle of the center of the wheel you have a hub #1 and then the spokes #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  #1 coming out from that #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  now those things that the spokes stick into what would you call that, the uh say for instance, the the outside edge of the wagon wheel, we call that the of the wheel
185:  #1 It might be the rim but I don't know. #
Interviewer:  #2 The rim of the wheel? Mm. # Now those, the things that the uh that spokes stick into uh are they uh in sections? Do you have any idea whether they're put together in sections?
185:  Which ones? The ones where the a- where around where the axle is or at the very outside
Interviewer:  #1 The the outside spokes uh #
185:  #2 edge? #
Interviewer:  #1 two at a time I believe in big sections #
185:  #2 Yeah. # I don't know, the metal is sectioned or at least there's at least one joint in the metal, maybe where it comes around
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  But I don't I don't know about the wooden part, whether it's sectioned or not.
Interviewer:  Mm. Have have you ever heard the the term filling {X} used to refer to something like that? #1 {X} #
185:  #2 I've heard my grandmother # use that word
Interviewer:  #1 Which one? #
185:  #2 and # my grandfather the ones that live on the farm.
Interviewer:  #1 I mean, the ones I gave you too fella. #
185:  #2 the fella yeah #
Interviewer:  I see. Well have you ever heard people talk of uh that the metal rim around the wheel is uh anything particular, any specific term for that?
185:  Not in particular, no.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard uh what about tire? Talked about a tire in relation to a wagon wheel
185:  Not unless you #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Well say on a on a wagon are you familiar with uh the word traces?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  The thing that the traces come back to, are attached too kind of horizontal thing that moves like this
185:  #1 Mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  #2 Well, do you have any idea what that might be called? #
185:  #1 No, but I know what you're talking about. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah {NW} # #1 Have you ever heard people call it a uh singletree or {X} #
185:  #2 Yeah, a singletree, yeah. #
Interviewer:  {NW} And say if you had two of them.
185:  It'd be a doubletree
Interviewer:  Double tree
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Right. {NS} {D: And} talking about wagon wheels, coming back to that for just a minute, the thing that the wheel turn on #1 you know the runs underneath the back, tell me what {D: that is} #
185:  #2 Yeah. The ax- # The axle.
Interviewer:  Ask you about uh this expression. Say if you were sitting on your front porch uh out in the country somewhere, you saw a man come by in his wagon and he had a a load of wood and a little while later you came back and the wagon was empty.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Shortly thereafter, you know, he repeated the process with another load. And this just kept up all day. What would you say he was getting, you would say he was
185:  He's probably gathering firewood.
Interviewer:  #1 Gathering firewood? #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  Or maybe another expression to mean the same thing, means that uh have you ever heard people say so-and-so's been wood all day?
185:  May-may-maybe been chopping wood
Interviewer:  #1 Chopping wood or #
185:  #2 all day #
Interviewer:  that or more specifically referring to the process of #1 of moving it yeah #
185:  #2 Of moving it? #
Interviewer:  He he's been well
185:  No.
Interviewer:  How about hauling wood?
185:  Yeah, I've heard haul, using haul.
Interviewer:  In that sense?
185:  Yeah, it's hauling something.
Interviewer:  I see. Or say uh Want to ask you about um a a particular word, say for example if you were driving along somewhere uh and a big log was obstructing your way
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Had to {D: phone cross load} so you might say you need to tie a rope around that thing and try to #1 {D: function} #
185:  #2 Try to pull it off. #
Interviewer:  #1 Pull it off or over or #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 Or drag it off. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Drag it, yeah. # What about the past uh tense form of that verb? You say yesterday we
185:  We pulled.
Interviewer:  #1 Or #
185:  #2 Or # We drug.
Interviewer:  Yes, and we've {X}
185:  I guess we have drug but I don't know
Interviewer:  Going back uh talking about uh farm implements a little bit. Uh you know the thing that a farmer uses to break the ground {NS}
185:  #1 for the first time. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # #1 You call that a #
185:  #2 A harrow #
Interviewer:  Call that a
185:  A harrow.
Interviewer:  You ever heard it called anything else?
185:  No. There's a plow.
Interviewer:  Plow?
185:  Yeah. #1 But #
Interviewer:  #2 Is there a difference there? #
185:  Yeah a a harrow is usually a round disk
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  a round disk affair
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And there's usually um say several of them, say double loads.
Interviewer:  Yes.
185:  A plow is um usually a single piece of metal albeit that goes into the ground to do a furrow with
Interviewer:  Hmm.
185:  But you can have several plow points on a plow which means that you can do um say plow several furrows with a plow.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  But um you break ground with a harrow.
Interviewer:  I see. Are there different kinds of harrows or #1 {X} #
185:  #2 Yeah, there's um # a subsoiler which is a sort of a combination plow and harrow and what it does, it goes down about three, three and a half feet into the ground to the sub-soil.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And um you usually do this break ground in about March. Early March. And the reason you want to get down to the sub-soil and break it up in, especially if you have a field that has clay under there is a heavy soil so that when it rains, your early spring rains come that the rain water will filter down to the sub-soil {NS} so that you'll have that good and wet. So that in um June July when you're not getting the rains that you should be getting and that you need there'll be a moisture supply under your field that your crops can use. Um they don't dry out as badly that way um they're less th-they're less hurt by dry weather.
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. What about a spring-tooth harrow? You ever heard people talk about that?
185:  I've heard my grandfather mention a spring-tooth harrow.
Interviewer:  Mm, not sure about
185:  But I don't, I have no idea what it looks
Interviewer:  Yeah, I see. Well what about different kinds of plows? Uh you you know any particular terms for them?
185:  I don't know any particular terms for them. I know there are different types because I've seen different plow points before.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Well have you ever heard uh your grandfather talk about uh double shovel or a {D: motor bust} or something like that?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  No. Uh something that you see around uh a lot of uh farms or well carpenters use these things a lot too they're they're really wooden frame bins out of usually kind of shaped like uh you know the letter A and then there's a cross piece join it, those two ends, and you could you know uh #1 {D: lay it} #
185:  #2 A sawhorse? #
Interviewer:  Sawhorse?
185:  Is that where you've got like a
Interviewer:  #1 Just lay something across if you know and cut it all apart #
185:  #2 And cut- yeah #
Interviewer:  #1 you could use 'em you know to make a temporary picnic table, something like that, lay boards across. #
185:  #2 Sawhorse. Yeah. Yeah. Mm-hmm a sawhorse. #
Interviewer:  What about something similar to that? Uh another type of wooden frame except it's shaped in the form of an X, more or less and #1 you might play a log right there in the middle and saw it off that way. Have you ever #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  uh
185:  #1 {D: I'm hoping he'll be back no} #
Interviewer:  #2 You ever seen anything like that? # You ever heard people talk about something like a sawbuck or a anything like that?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Uh Change the subject a little bit when uh when you get up in the morning and uh you're getting ready getting yourself ready um uh you uh oh things that you might use on your hair. You might comb your hair or
185:  Or brush your hair.
Interviewer:  And that thing itself is called a
185:  is a comb or a brush.
Interviewer:  Or do you remember uh I don't know if you see too many of these around anymore but uh used to when you would go in the barber shop the uh if you were going to get a shave the barber would use a straight razor
185:  #1 Yeah. Yeah. No not #
Interviewer:  #2 on you? I don't know if you ever shaved like that before #
185:  not in the face but they usually shave the back of the neck yeah.
Interviewer:  Well have you ever seen these things that are usually uh uh #1 attached to the end of the chair that they {D: charge} those things on? #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  Um it's a leather strap. #1 It's um #
Interviewer:  #2 Color of the strap? #
185:  it's I've forgotten there's a particular name for it and I've forgotten I've forgotten what it is.
Interviewer:  Hmm. Have you ever heard any other uh #1 any other pronunciation for it? #
185:  #2 Straw #
Interviewer:  Call the leather straw.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Do you associate that pronunciation with a particular type of person? With somebody uh maybe of a certain age or uh #1 background #
185:  #2 Well the person # that I'm most familiar with using is is now dead. Um there's another man whose barbershop who used it
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and um I think the man his death was about 65 when he died that age. The other one's about late 50s
Interviewer:  Mm. Mm. Hey well uh last week you said you {D: did uh some hunting}
185:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 So you'll probably be familiar with this. # You know those things that you that you uh fire and load in a shotgun
185:  #1 Shotgun shells. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 You call that a shotgun shell. #
185:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Well what about the things that # you would use in a in say a pistol or a rifle. What would you call those?
185:  Um rifle shells, rifle cart-cartridges, um bullets um pistol cartridges
Interviewer:  #1 All those terms mean the same thing? #
185:  #2 Yeah. Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  They're the same thing
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Talking about some of the some things that that children like to play on, you see 'em in playgrounds uh for example a thing you know, a long uh board that's anchored in the middle and one kid can get on one end and one on the other end
185:  A see a see-saw
Interviewer:  Mm. What would you say they're doing? Uh like so if they're out in the yard
185:  On the see-saw? Well one is going up while the other one going down the one that's going down on the other end when you get to the bottom to the ground pushes off
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  that he goes back up and the other end goes down
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  and they just keep repeating this.
Interviewer:  Mm Any uh you know it's just uh maybe one word, say if I ask where the two kids are uh some said "Oh they're out in the backyard"
185:  See-sawing.
Interviewer:  Or maybe something uh similar to that. Again a long board uh but this time uh anchored at each end and kind of a flexible limber thing so that a a child could jump up and down the middle of it. You ever heard of anything like that? In your part of the country?
185:  A board?
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  No.
Interviewer:  #1 You ever heard of a diving board or something like that? #
185:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  Or say uh one that's uh again anchored in the middle but rather than going up and down on it like so it it's in
185:  #1 A merry-go-round. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Call that a merry-go-round. # Yeah. Have you ever heard anybody call it anything besides that? That'd mean the same thing?
185:  I can't think so.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard people uh {D: speak about a flying genie} ?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Haven't heard that said. Or something that that's really common you'd see uh everywhere, these things suspended from the limbs of trees you know by ropes and
185:  Swings
Interviewer:  and that sort of thing. Do you know uh different kinds uh
185:  Yeah they're um you can have a tire swing um we've got a tire
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  suspended um you can have a rope swing which is usually well the rope swing that I'm familiar with is um is one that's over a a spring. And um you climb up the tree grab hold of it and go swinging out over the spring
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and go dropping in.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And this is uh about thirty miles north of Ocilla, up around Bowing's mill off the Ocmulgee River. There's a series of natural springs up there and that's where I'm most familiar with with the rope swing.
Interviewer:  Mm I see. I wanna ask you about uh a few different uh containers. We were talking about this last time uh, buckets and pails and all that but have you ever heard of uh uh
Interviewer 3:  wait let's just wait let's
Interviewer:  Anyway, I wanted to ask you uh about a container that uh I don't know you might have in a in a house where people use uh coals for heat {X} #1 uh #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  Have you ever noticed any sort of container uh in which they kept the coal inside?
185:  A coal scuff
Interviewer:  Call that a coal scuff
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Is is that the the same thing- well what does that thing look like? #1 uh that you're talking about there #
185:  #2 Um #
Interviewer:  #1 How could you tell me just very roughly how it's shaped uh #
185:  #2 It's # {NS} Well it's it's round
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and it's got um sort of like a big big lip on it
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah #
185:  #2 Yeah it's # it's like round and yet it goes up and rounds over like that and sort of like comes down like that
Interviewer:  I see. Do you happen to know if that's uh the same thing that would be used to bring coal in from the coal pile outside or?
185:  Probably so but I'm not sure. The coal's {D: puddles} that that I've seen have have no longer been used.
Interviewer:  I see. Or say if uh a house was using a stove for heat. You know the pipe that goes from the back of the stove you know
185:  #1 The stove pipe. #
Interviewer:  #2 You'd call that # The stove pipe.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Or uh another implement that you don't see around too much anymore uh a farmer say that wanted to uh uh put an edge on their ax might use one of these things to sharpen it somet- it's got a big stone that that turns and some of these things would kind of peddle-operate you know? Like that like they'd chop the ax like so?
185:  Yeah I know what you're talking about. I don't know
Interviewer:  #1 But you don't know what it's called. #
185:  #2 I don't know. I don't know what it's called. #
Interviewer:  You ever heard uh people talk about a grindstone?
185:  #1 Yeah. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  Mm-hmm that's it.
Interviewer:  Or say one that was you know smaller than that. You really wanted to put a very fine edge on it. You could
185:  A whet-rock.
Interviewer:  Call that a whet-rock.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  People call that a whetstone
185:  #1 Yeah. Mm-hmm. Whetstone also. Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 where you're from? Whetstone? # I see.
Interviewer 3:  And emery wheels.
185:  Yes. An emery wheel.
Interviewer 3:  Yeah {X}
Interviewer:  Say if uh if uh your cw- your car started making these squeaking noises. You might drive into a the filling station that's attentive to put it up on the rack and do what to it?
185:  Grease it.
Interviewer:  Grease it.
185:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 And if you've got that stuff all over your hands you'd say the hands were real #
185:  Very greasy.
Interviewer:  Or while you were there at the uh filling station you might ask the attendant to you know take a look under the hood and change the
185:  Check the oil.
Interviewer:  {X} Uh talking about oil and that sort of thing uh before the days we had uh electric lights
185:  uh-huh
Interviewer:  people use these things you know for the light in the house. What uh
185:  Kerosene lamps.
Interviewer:  Kerosene.
185:  Um they also used Coleman lantern type things that burned gasoline.
Interviewer:  Coleman lantern?
185:  #1 Yeah. Well #
Interviewer:  #2 Is that a particular brand name? #
185:  it's just a particular brand name now but um I don't know if it was a Coleman then. But um that they also had those.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Ga-gas lamps
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  that you'd lock on the can gas.
Interviewer:  Mm. But did they look like uh a kerosene-burning
185:  I don't know if I don't know if they looked like a kerosene lamp or not.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm #
185:  #2 Um # I haven't seen these. My mother told me that that's what she and her sister used to study by
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  because it gave out a good light. A good strong light.
Interviewer:  I see. Well talking about a kerosene have you ever heard people call that stuff by any other name besides kerosene?
185:  Not that I know of.
Interviewer:  You ever heard people refer to it as coal-oil or? Or say if you wanted if somebody wanted to make uh a a temporary lamp or a makeshift lamp so they've gotta take a bottle and some uh kerosene and use some uh uh rag or a wick?
185:  uh-huh
Interviewer:  #1 Have you ever heard of people doing that or have you ever seen one of those things or heard it called anything? #
185:  #2 I've never seen one, no. #
Interviewer:  Mm. Have you have you ever heard people in your part of the country refer to something like that as a flambeau?
185:  Um I know what flambeaus are. They're the little things that the highway department puts out when they have a hole
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  in the ground
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  They're also known as smudge pots
Interviewer:  Smudge pots.
185:  Yeah. They've got kerosene in them they're loud and have a wick and little holes around the top.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And um that's what I've always known as a flambeau
Interviewer:  I see. Talking about uh cars and care cars just a minute ago you know that inside part of a tire that inflates, you call that the inner
185:  The inner tube.
Interviewer:  Or uh well on the subject of vehicles let me ask you about something having to do with another type of vehicle {D: bail} You just built uh built your own boat and you wanted to check it out, you'd say you would go on down to the water and you know the process of actually putting the boat in the water. You say you're going down there to
185:  To launch it.
Interviewer:  Launch the boat. Er er talking about boats, what uh #1 is there much fi- fishing go-going on in your area? #
185:  #2 Yeah, yeah, there's a good bit. # Almost everybody has a farm pond that they keep that they keep fish in or a lot of people go down to the river
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and go fishing there. The river's the Alapaha River.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And people go fishing down there.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Um it's got a lot of catfish in it a lot of bream um it's got jack fish um gar and black fish. And jack fish and gar are real bony fish. Um a gar has a very long snout that
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah {NW} #
185:  #2 Sort of like # um sort of like if
Interviewer:  #1 Does everyone call it gars or- garfish. #
185:  #2 Garfish #
Interviewer:  Is that alligator gar? Ha-have you ever heard that?
185:  #1 Yeah. It's probably the same thing as an alligator gar. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} {C: multiple interviewers speaking here} # Are they dangerous?
185:  Um not so much dangerous as um I've never heard them being dangerous. I know my father used to go fishing went used to go to the river a lot and they'd usually always catch a gar or a jack fish. Jack fish is very bony.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
185:  And um he never referred to them as being dangerous. Fact the only thing you had to look out for were mo- were um water moccasins. They'd climb up in the trees and um dropping down into your boat. That happened to him one time. They were going under some low-hanging limbs, and he was at the front of the boat, and someone else was at the back this um cottonmouth {NS} just dropped down in the boat.
Interviewer:  Probably meant to do it.
185:  #1 Probably so. I wouldn't doubt it. #
Interviewer:  #2 I've heard they're very mean. #
185:  #1 They are. They are. They're #
Interviewer:  #2 Very aggressive snakes. #
185:  very aggressive snakes. Um we have a lot of snakes at home too.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  We have those, we have rattlesnakes um copperheads um we have some pygmy rattlers um which are very which are, as the name implies, very small rattlesnakes. And um
Interviewer:  Are they uh
185:  They're very dangerous. They're very deadly. And um up north of us, up around Bowing's mill and where these natural springs are um they have coral snakes. But we don't have coral snakes at home in Irwin county.
Interviewer:  You're lucky.
185:  Very.
Interviewer:  #1 Are there any other types of snakes other than rattlesnakes and moccasins and corals and {X} #
185:  #2 Oh sure, sure. There's um # There're black snakes um which I guess are indigo snakes. I'm not sure if they're king snakes. Um we've got what's known as a hog-nosed snake we've got rat snakes um these are all non-poisonous th-th-the ones I've listed from black snake on. There um we have green snakes
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Are any of them considered um beneficial or
185:  Oh yeah, the king snakes are very beneficial. Rat snakes eat rats. Um I think maybe hog-nosed snakes eat eat some no they're too small to eat animals.
Interviewer:  Mm. M- king snake, I wanted to ask you about that now. Is that is that the snake that's very similar to coral snakes?
185:  The king snakes some of them are, yeah. #1 Yeah, red on yellow'll kill a fellow; red on black, friend to Jack. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. Red on black- Right. #
185:  Um the ones we had at home are black king snakes
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  They're solid black.
Interviewer:  Gotcha.
185:  Um I've never seen a king snake that was the banded king snake.
Interviewer:  right
185:  The ones we had at home are the black ones.
Interviewer:  Mm I see.
185:  And oh you have to the first response wh- wh- when you see a big black snake is to get out of the way because you don't really you don't really want to spend the time to get down examine
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
185:  #2 the head to see if it's um a cottonmouth or not #
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. You {X} first #
185:  #2 Yeah. Ask questions later. But # cottonmouths I don't like
Interviewer:  #1 No. #
185:  #2 I # Um I had a real bad exper- almost a real bad experience um one time with one. The Boy Scouts own it's a big pond, it's a cypress pond, not too far from the river. And they're just about every kind of poisonous snake out there you'd like to have except except for coral snakes. And the pond is always full of of um moccasins. We'd be swimming at one end and look over there and th- just a little ripple going across the water.
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  And um periodically we'd like see one coming towards so we'd like get out of the water in a hurry. {NW} But we were going we were walking back across the dam from the other side back to camp and um we saw one swimming toward us. And we figured that he was going to come up on on the bank. So there's a big limb from a pine tree. It was about probably about six inches around in um circumference. And so we picked it up and we were going to to kill the snake when he got up on the shore. Well he saw us stood up in the water opened his mouth and squealed at us.
Interviewer:  {NW} Squealed at you?
185:  Squealed at us.
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  Um
Interviewer:  #1 I didn't know they could {X} #
185:  #2 They do. # They can do that. Um #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  It's high-pitched um worse than a pig than a pig that's squealing.
Interviewer:  That loud?
185:  That loud. Well it seemed that loud. I mean like you're fixing to clobber the snake and like there he is like yelling at you.
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  And um {NW} but um it's it's I would say it's definitely that loud I had never known that they did that. We got we got home and told daddy that it happened and he said, "Sure. That happened that ha- th-that used to happen to me all the time." And it's happened to my roommate before the roommate I had this year. He's heard they've squealed at him before. {NW} It's {NS} It it's it unnerves you.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  It unnerves you {X}
Interviewer:  {NW} Battle cry.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer 3:  #1 {X} water moccasin #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  Cottonmouth.
185:  uh-huh
Interviewer:  They strain 'em. Uh oh uh have you ever getting back to king snakes for just a minute #1 have you ever heard any uh- that's a pretty unusual story. {NW} #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard anything unusual about a king snake? uh Something that it did part of its dye that was unusual?
185:  Well it eats animals.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  It eat it eats other snakes. #1 yeah #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah, that's what I had in mind. #
185:  Yeah. It eat it eats rattlesnakes.
Interviewer:  Yeah. {X}
185:  Oh my brother has a good rabbit- oh I have another good snake story. {NW}yeah My brother was out okay my aunt owns a farm that's not too far from the river the river again being the Alapaha River and Rayonier, which is I-T-T Rayonier the um lumber lumber and paper company owns adjoining land that they grow pine trees on. And my brother was over on crossed over onto Rayonier's land looking for deer tracks he likes to go hunting go deer hunting on my aunt's farm. So that while he was wandering around on Rayonier's land he looked beside him sort of like three feet over and there was a six-foot rattlesnake there not coiled just wandering along. So he had been real dumb this time. He had gone out without his shotgun but he had his pistol with him. So he took his pistol and unloaded the clip into him and and killed him. Well he comes home and brings brings the rattlesnake home with him and wants to get him stuffed. And so he brings him home and um comes and says, "Hey y'all, come outside. I've got something to show you." So we go outside, he opens up the trunk of his car, and there's this rattlesnake stretched out there. And um daddy says, "What'd you bring him home for? You think we want him?"
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
185:  #2 And um # He said, "I want to get him stuffed. What can I do about it?" And we have a friend over in Tifton who's a taxidermist. And so we called him up and um he said, "Sure. Bring him on over and I'll see what I can do." And so we took him on over to Tifton that night and we had him stuffed in a coil and um so that he's mounted on this board wrapped up in a coil like like he's fixing to strike. And um he's in my brother's bedroom at home on his dresser top and the well Warren was already in college so we we brought the um snake up to see him. And um we got some in- we put him in the back of the car, on the backseat
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
185:  #2 behind #
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
185:  #2 we both sat in the window # And we got some interesting looks #1 Now people would ask us #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
185:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
185:  #1 And what was really great was when we stopped #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
185:  at a gas station to get gas.
Interviewer:  {D: Yeah that snake'll have responsibility} {NW}
185:  I'm thinking of bringing him up. I told my roommate about him and we-we think that'd be a handy edition to our room.
Interviewer:  {NW} Getting back to fish for just a minute, you mentioned um uh #1 bream, and catfish, and gar. Anything besides that just common around here? #
185:  #2 Yeah um # They have bass which we call trout. Large-mouth bass.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And there're also warmouth at home. A warmouth is um sort of like a bream but is meatier and has a real big mouth on him.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Almost not quite as big as a large-mouth bass.
Interviewer:  Mm. {X} Any uh uh uh you don't happen to have anything like a carp or that sort of thing?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Trout {X} Have you ever heard of the type of fish uh the freshwater fish uh uh called the shell-cracker?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 Have heard that, you have heard that. #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  Is that the type of uh
185:  Um it's more a type of white perch.
Interviewer:  White perch?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Um shell-crackers um I'm most familiar with reading about them over at um Lake George. {D: Lake Walker George}
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Um and I asked daddy if we had shell-crackers. He said he said, "Sure."
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And I think we we we call them white perch.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. I see. {D: But to catch them.}
185:  Yeah, they are. Um They usually run best unfortunately in February
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  so it's usually about thirty-five degrees outside with about a thirty-mile-an-hour wind blowing
Interviewer:  You got to be a dedicated shell {X}
185:  Right.
Interviewer:  Shell-coo- shell-cracker. {NS} Well uh hitting on something else uh have you say if uh if a woman wanted to buy some materials, like she was making a dress?
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Uh wanted to go downtown to to get some material for it. She might take a little square {NS} piece of uh cloth along with her you know to make sure she had the right color
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  and all that sort of thing. Have you ever heard that called anything?
185:  It'd be a swatch.
Interviewer:  Call that a swatch.
185:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 Any other names that you might've uh #
185:  A scrap.
Interviewer:  Scrap?
185:  Yeah but u-usually a scrap is what is left over.
Interviewer:  Yeah. I-I've heard many people just call it a sample.
185:  Yeah, a fabric sample.
Interviewer:  Uh Gonna ask you about a #1 particular adjective. Say for example, a woman was window-shopping and she saw a dress that really #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  appealed to her uh that's very attractive she might say, for example, "My goodness that sure is a..." "...dress"
185:  A good-looking dress.
Interviewer:  Good-looking dress. All right, so very {NS}
185:  Attractive, I guess.
Interviewer:  Mm. More uh oh uh something else that you could say, another another adjective uh that's uh you were looking at a at a at a painting. "That's a that's a very ... picture"
185:  Pleasing?
Interviewer:  Pleasing. Or uh or maybe a girl you know that's just good-looking, you know? "Boy, she sure is..."
185:  Good-looking. {NW}
Interviewer:  How about uh uh uh uh What about pretty? #1 {NW} #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  Okay The {D: that I think it} What about the the comparative form of it? Say if you were looking at two: "Well that material's pretty, but this one's even..."
185:  Prettier.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and the superlative
185:  is prettiest.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Say uh talking about cloth things to wear, that type of thing. If you were working, like a woman were working in the kitchen, something that she might tie around her waist keep her dress from getting
185:  An apron.
Interviewer:  Or this thing that I'm writing here that uses ink you call that a
185:  It's an ink pen.
Interviewer:  Mm. And the thing that you would use to keep uh a baby's used to uh, keep a baby's diaper you know
185:  A diap- oh a safety pin.
Interviewer:  And uh you would say that uh a dime is worth how many cents?
185:  Ten.
Interviewer:  Mm. And uh metal you know some of these old houses you see out in the country have metal roofs
185:  Tin.
Interviewer:  Tin roof. Again, talking going back to clothing for a minute What would you say that a that a man's three-piece suit consists of?
185:  Consists of pants, a vest, and a jacket.
Interviewer:  Mm. #1 You ever heard a man call a jacket anything else? #
185:  #2 It's a sport coat. #
Interviewer:  #1 Sport coat? #
185:  #2 But # sport coat would not be part of a three-piece suit.
Interviewer:  Mm, Mm, Mm Or you mentioned uh the pants. What about a-another name
185:  trousers
Interviewer:  Trousers. You have a these things that uh that farmers uh like to wear, for the most part nowadays you know you see them around schools a lot with the
185:  Overalls.
Interviewer:  Do you happen to know whether those things uh the one that farmers used to wear #1 way back when, {NS} whether those were bought at the store or gonna be made? #
185:  #2 They were bought. They were bought. #
Interviewer:  #1 They were bought. #
185:  #2 And they may have been made but # #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
185:  #1 I've always known them as being as being purchased at a store #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm. # Mm. I see. Er another expression, say for example uh there was there was something on the other side of the room that you wanted uh you might uh tell me fir- if you wanted uh me you know. To get it for you might say, "Would you please ... me that?"
185:  Bring me that. Or get me that.
Interviewer:  {X} You mentioned "brang" the uh the past form of that yesterday I
185:  I brought you
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and I have
185:  I have brought you
Interviewer:  Again talking about clothes, the clothes that that you wear, do you um have any any trouble getting the right size, or can you just get them right off the rack usually?
185:  Usually I don't have any trouble.
Interviewer:  Mm. {X} Do you want to say something else?
185:  Um sometimes I have trouble getting blue jeans at home.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  They won't be long enough.
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. We're we're talking about that sort of thing, say for example if you were uh getting out some clothes that you had {X} uh to try them on. You might say something like well "Well, that coat won't fit this year, but last year it perfectly."
185:  It fit perfectly.
Interviewer:  Or say for example if uh your your your clothes, you know that you that you wear to church or Sunday school. Is there by the way is there usually uh uh a particular uh set of clothes that people set aside for going to church, they don't wear for any other occasion?
185:  Not necessarily that you don't wear for any other occasion it's
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  it's what you wear for special occasions like men um business men though who have suits may wear a suit to church that they wear to work. Um the same with with some women who work in offices.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
185:  Um people who work on the farm have have their Sunday clothes
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and they wear them to church on Sunday to funerals that sort of thing.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Um it's the it's the it's the clothes they wear when they have to dress up.
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. Or say if uh the suit that you that you wear uh for special occasions it's getting a little old. You might say that you need to go to town uh to buy yourself a
185:  A new suit.
Interviewer:  {X} Sometimes uh you know when you see uh little boys I don't know at a certain age they they tend to everything they see they pick up #1 and they put them in their pockets you know until their #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #1 pocket's been filled. #
185:  #2 Yeah. # And they'll bulge.
Interviewer:  Or again talking about clothes, say if you put a uh a shirt if you're washing a shirt #1 and you happen to use water that's a little bit too hot for it. #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  And it uh you know, got smaller. #1 You you'd say that shirt is what? #
185:  #2 It shrank. #
Interviewer:  Mm. {D: Or it's uh} uh uh you might say that uh it seems that every one I've washed has
185:  Has shrunk.
Interviewer:  {X} This shirt might if I put it in there
185:  It might shrink.
Interviewer:  Say uh moving onto another topic uh you know when a when a girl is getting ready to go out on a date she might spend a lot of time you know in in front of the mirror. What would you say she's doing?
185:  She's primping.
Interviewer:  Primping? Well if a if a if a boy were doing the same thing #1 what would you say that he's doing? He's primping too. #
185:  #2 He's primping. # Yeah.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Or talking about girls you know the things that they carry around all their odds and ends #1 in #
185:  #2 Their purse? #
Interviewer:  #1 {D: they're called} #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  You ever heard that called anything?
185:  a handbag
Interviewer:  In the same thing?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  'Cause sometimes inside those they'll have something that uh they might keep a uh change, coins in something with a little clamp, you know on top?
185:  Yeah they can have a coin purse or a wallet.
Interviewer:  Mm. Have you ever seen men use those things? Uh something
185:  A coin purse? Yeah. Usually older men.Mm.
Interviewer:  Still see them round?
185:  Yeah there're a few that still have them and um some of them zip.
Interviewer:  Yeah, yeah.
185:  uh-huh
Interviewer:  Or say uh talking about things that you wear, these things that that women or girls like to uh wear around their their wrists, you know
185:  Bracelets?
Interviewer:  Mm. #1 Or or the things they might wear around their neck? #
185:  #2 A necklace. #
Interviewer:  Or uh you know talking about clothing you don't see too terribly many of these anymore but uh used to. #1 Men would wear these to keep help keep their pants up, you know they'd g- yeah. #
185:  #2 Suspenders. #
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard those called anything besides that?
185:  Galluses.
Interviewer:  Galluses?
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Is that uh would that be would strike you as an older word or what?
185:  Yeah yeah galluses is is an older word.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm. #
185:  #2 I # I usually think of galluses with Gene Talmadge.
Interviewer:  {NW} Is that a
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see. Or say that this thing that you would take with you uh if it were raining you know it would keep the rain off of you. You'd call that a
185:  An umbrella.
Interviewer:  Ever heard it called anything besides that? {NS} Or have you ever ever heard uh sometimes people distinguish between that and something that they might use just to keep the sun off.
185:  a parasol?
Interviewer:  Yeah. Are are they synonymous to you?
185:  Um they're not synonymous um I've seen people use them both as parasols.
Interviewer:  #1 What's the difference between them? #
185:  #2 Between an # umbrella and a parasol? An umbrella is used to keep the rain off.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  A parasol you'd think of this dainty little thing lacy and flowery that a woman used to use
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  to keep the sun off. Well not really to keep the sun off I guess so, but sort of like as an a it's like an accessory
Interviewer:  Yeah right right.
185:  for her for her outfit.
Interviewer:  I see. Wouldn't be like that if a good thunderstorm came up?
185:  I wouldn't think so. No it's usually wasn't usually was scarcely big enough to cover your head.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Uh say uh uh going onto something else in a minute though when you're making up your bed, the last thing that goes on. You call that the
185:  The bedspread.
Interviewer:  Bedspread.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Ever heard uh anything besides that? Uh maybe an older term, something that your grandmother might've said?
185:  Coverlet?
Interviewer:  Coverlet?
185:  Um I've heard that term, I'm familiar with it, but um it's not used very often.
Interviewer:  Hmm. #1 Do you think it's pretty much the same thing as #
185:  #2 It's # yeah it's pretty much the same thing as a bedspread.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard uh about something about you talked about the counter pins?
185:  The what?
Interviewer:  Counter pins?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  And #1 again talking about what goes on your bed, the thing that you rest your head on {X} #
185:  #2 Is a pillow. #
Interviewer:  Have you ever seen something uh like a pillow but uh a bit a bit larger it might've I don't know if they functional or not whether you actually use them in your sleeping or just might be put on a bed for looks #1 Kind of like a pillow but- A bowl. #
185:  #2 A bowl strip? # Yeah.
Interviewer:  Do you do you still see are those pretty common still or?
185:  Um yeah on a daybed type affair.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm, I see. What about this expression? You might say you were particularly uh long bowls you might say well it doesn't just go part-way across the bed, it goes
185:  All the way.
Interviewer:  Or talking about things on your bed again. Something a particularly heavy covering that you might use in cold weather people used to get together you know and {X} yeah.
185:  A quilt.
Interviewer:  Yeah. And have you do people still
185:  Do quilting? Yeah. um Not I don't think they get together and and make quilts um the people that {NS}