Interviewer:  We were talking about quilts when we stopped. Is there any particular name that uh for the the activity when a lot of women get together and do that? They say they're having a
185:  Um I've heard ru- I've read about quilting bees. I've never heard of any at home.
Interviewer:  Yeah. I see. Uh you know say if uh a family was having some some company over the weekend. There was some children along uh ever heard any of anything that you could put down on the floor
185:  A pallet.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Slept on one?
185:  I've never slept on one. My parents have slept on them.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. I see. W-what was it? Just uh uh
185:  Um us- um {NW} straw cornshucks, sometimes a thin mattress.
Interviewer:  Yeah. I see. There's some things about uh the land in general that I want to ask you about. I remember last time you uh mentioned something about bottom land. #1 Uh #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  Say uh a piece of land, low-lying land, that uh just uh grew grass or hay something like that on it. What would you call what would you call something like that? You'd say that was a
185:  A pasture.
Interviewer:  Just a pasture?
185:  A low-lying land that #1 grew nothing but #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. Grass. #
185:  grass or hay?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Probably just a pasture.
Interviewer:  You ever hear people in your part of the country ever use the word meadow very much?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  And last time you also mentioned land that was swampy or marshy land uh what uh is there a difference there?
185:  Um A li- yeah. A swamp is um usually standing water. And um marshy I usually think of as being low land, very wet.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  um standing water where when it's rained a lot.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  Um but not permanent standing water.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard uh one of those terms used refer to a a place along the uh the ocean
185:  #1 Yeah. A marsh? #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Yeah. Like grass growing in it? #1 That sort of thing? #
185:  #2 Yeah. # Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Well what about uh since you have some experience on a farm Do farmers use uh different terms when they're referring to different types of soil as to whether it's very good for growing or just about won't grow anything at all?
185:  Yeah they use different types of terms but I'm not I'm not real familiar with it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard uh oh something like loam? #1 refer to #
185:  #2 Yeah. # Loam sandy loam um the field that's a heavy field
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  is uh heavy soil has a lot of clay in it clay under it.
Interviewer:  What sort of soil would loam be considered to be? Is it good or
185:  Loam is very good. It's um it doesn't clog together. Like when you plow it you um it breaks well.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  When you plow it it turns over well. It um When it's wet {NS} um it's not like sand that it dries out immediately. It holds the water for a while but not like clay
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  which when it gets very wet is wet for a very long time
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and then and then packs.
Interviewer:  Mm. Have you ever uh run into the terms of buckshot or gumbo referring #1 to types of #
185:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  soil? Or say if if you had a a piece of of land that had a lot of water on it and you wanted to put it to cultivation uh you know the process of getting the water off of it, you'd say they were
185:  You'd have to drain it.
Interviewer:  Drain it. Hmm. And when you were doing that, you know, the things that you that you dig to carry the #1 water off? #
185:  #2 The ditch. #
Interviewer:  You call those
185:  A ditch.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Uh well talking about water a-and that sort of ting what about uh uh streams around Ocilla? Uh do you have uh do they have different names? Uh
185:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Are they # pretty uh prevalent around there?
185:  Yeah there are a lot of creeks around.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And they're usually all named.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
185:  #1 Creeks and branches. #
Interviewer:  #2 Do you remember # Do you remember some well creeks and branches. Is there a difference there?
185:  Yeah a branch usually runs into a into a creek and it's smaller than a creek.
Interviewer:  I see. Well is there anything smaller than a branch or is that as s-small as it goes? {NS}
185:  Um That's about as small as it goes as far as I know.
Interviewer:  I see. Uh Anything intermediate in size between a branch and a creek or is the creek the next largest as far as you know?
185:  Creek as far as I know is the next largest.
Interviewer:  And when it gets bigger than that
185:  It flows into a river.
Interviewer:  Mm I see. You mentioned can you recall right off the top of your head any uh uh particular names of those creeks? #1 Could you list #
185:  #2 Yeah. # There's um Reedy Creek there's um Jack Creek um Brushy Creek um Coochee Creek um which is Willacoochee and Withlacoochee. It's spelled both ways. um There's um those are the ones that I'm most familiar with. There're some rivers there's the Alapaha River and there's the Satilla River
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  that are in the county. There're a lot more
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  creeks that are in the county.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  But I'm just not familiar with their names.
Interviewer:  Well I don't know if you've been around the ocean very much, but do you have any idea what you would call say uh a little word that flows in and out with the tide?
185:  That'd be an estuary.
Interviewer:  An estuary. Heard that called a say a a slough or a bayou?
185:  Um that's bayou is Louisiana term. Um I've heard of slough. I've never heard it referred to as a slough.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. I see. Well say uh sometimes out in the woods you run across a place that might be have been uh cut out by water flowing along, say about you know ten feet across, ten feet deep. #1 Something like #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  that. What would you call a a place like that?
185:  That had been cut out by water?
Interviewer:  Yeah, by water flowing along you know by the erosion. Or you you were mentioning a a minute ago a rope swing. You might have ha- that'd be #1 a good place to #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer 3:  have one of those things.
185:  #1 If it if if #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  If it were deep, yeah #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  #1 so I think you #
Interviewer:  #2 you could # say you were swinging across the what? The uh Any particular name that you would use #1 to describe that? #
185:  #2 I can't think of any # particular name.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  It'd just be the um it'd be the run of whatever it #1 was. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Well let me ask you this. Say uh a place like that uh that's been cut out by very heavy rainfall. #1 You m- #
185:  #2 A gully. #
Interviewer:  #1 Call that a gully. #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  Yeah. I see. Would it be possible to call the the place the the other place #1 same thing? #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. # I would think it would be.
Interviewer:  Yeah. What about the the term ravine? Is that used very much around #1 your part of the country? #
185:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm #
185:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  Do you have any uh conception of what #1 a ravine is? #
185:  #2 Of what a ravine is? # Yes. {NW} #1 um #
Interviewer:  #2 uh #
185:  Okay it's usually very deep. Um Um often cut out by running water usually cut out by running water. um I think of a ravine more like um Providence Canyons over around Columbus
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  which is very very deep. Um but as far as ravine being used at home, no.
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. One other thing uh I wanted to ask you about in connection creeks and streams, rivers that sort of thing over in your part of the country, have you ever heard anybody use the word {D: hoobie} {C: hubi} to refer to uh some uh {D: water form uh}
185:  No. {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh {NS} Well talking about the land, say if a a small elevation in the land, say you were going up uh you know a slight incline, you were going up a little
185:  Hill.
Interviewer:  Call that a hill. Or uh have you ever heard that called anything besides a hill or just in general?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  {X} Well say that thing that you turn when you walk to open the door, you call that a
185:  That's a doorknob.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Have you ever heard that word used to uh in meaning the hill? Call that a knob?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay then. Or say when you know it gets very much bigger than a hill, the most tremendous thing, you call that a #1 regular #
185:  #2 That's # a mountain.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Or talking about uh mountains do have you ever heard any particular term for the very you know the rocky uh uh steep side of a mountain? #1 That drops off the edge #
185:  #2 The face of a mountain. #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Mm that drops over very sharply sharply Uh If you go much further you're gonna drop over the
185:  Over the side.
Interviewer:  #1 The side? #
185:  #2 Over the # edge.
Interviewer:  What about a cliff?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Not familiar with that. Or say uh a place in the mountains, maybe a low place uh where a road might go across. Uh #1 that called anything? #
185:  #2 A pass. #
Interviewer:  You call that a pass?
185:  Where it goes like between two mountains?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  The low place with the road going through? Yeah, that'd be a pass.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard the word uh well this has nothing to do with but sometimes you know when uh when uh hunters kill game every time they do it they make a little in the handle of their gun?
185:  A notch.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Have you ever heard that word used in conjunction with mountains?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Or say uh a place in the mountains where uh water uh uh drops a long distance, you call that a
185:  That's a waterfall.
Interviewer:  Uh uh this has nothing to do with mountains but the place oh uh where where boats unload their freight, they unload it onto the
185:  Dock. {NS}
Interviewer:  You ever heard that called anything #1 else? #
185:  #2 A wharf. #
Interviewer:  Wharf? Same thing?
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  What about uh uh pier?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Does that mean the same thing?
185:  Um #1 Basically. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Basically? # In uh in Irwin county, is there uh do you have a very good road system there or #1 or #
185:  #2 mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  What are what are most of your roads
185:  #1 Um #
Interviewer:  #2 made # of? What are they like?
185:  Well um there's still some dirt roads
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  um they get very muddy when it's rain, there's still some that are that are clay roads
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and become virtually impassable.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Um the paved roads there are two kinds. There are regular asphalt roads and then um there are kin- there're what we refer to as gravel roads.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  They're tar and gravel.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  And um those are the two types of paved roads.
Interviewer:  Mm I see. Well do you have have have any roads uh uh this white
185:  #1 Concrete? No. #
Interviewer:  #2 Kind of yeah concrete roads? #
Interviewer 3:  Don't have anything like that.
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. Well say if you were uh right now in the country uh on the main roads uh uh and a little road goes off the main road. What would you call #1 that? #
185:  #2 A side # #1 road. #
Interviewer:  #2 You'd call #
Interviewer 3:  that a side road.
185:  #1 mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. # Or say uh a road that uh goes off the main road up to a farmer's house. What would you call something like that?
185:  It goes from the #1 road to his house? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. It goes up to # his house.
185:  But no further.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  Okay that'd be his um that'd be his lane.
Interviewer:  His lane. I see. Or say on a farm especially sometimes when the cows uh come come in from the pasture, they'll follow pretty much the same route.
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  They'll wear a place out.
185:  #1 That's a cow path. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Call that a cow path.
185:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. # Or talking about roads and and that sort of thing uh uh the place in town you know where where people walk alongside the street you call that
185:  A sidewalk.
Interviewer:  In in residential areas in Ocilla is there do you ever see some some grass between the street and the sidewalk?
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Have you ever do you recall ever having heard that uh called anything particular?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  I I don't know where I picked it up but uh I I can always remember uh calling that the tree lawn. and have you ever heard of that term?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  It's very rare we that we find somebody who knows what I'm talking about. You know the tree lawn. {NS} {NW} Um {NS} going onto something else say want to ask you this expression uh {NS} if you were walking along in the country and you were passing a farmer's cornfield uh and you saw some crows in there getting after his #1 corn #
185:  #2 mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  You wanted to do something about it you might reach down and pick up a
185:  #1 A rock. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm and #
185:  And throw it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. You ever heard that instead of throwing it people say something else to mean the same thing? You throw it at them?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  #1 Do you ever #
185:  #2 um # Go hit it.
Interviewer:  Heard anybody say chuck at them?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Or chuck me that?
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Do you associate that with an older person or do they {X} {NS}
185:  I would say an older person.
Interviewer:  Mm Be more likely to say chuck it in?
185:  I think so.
Interviewer:  Say uh the the place you live you call that your
185:  It's my house.
Interviewer:  Mm Or
185:  Home.
Interviewer:  Home hmm. Or you might say to somebody who's visiting you, "Why don't you sit down and make yourself"
185:  At home. {NS}
Interviewer:  This uh this beverage that a lot of people drink uh early in the day for breakfast
185:  #1 Coffee. #
Interviewer:  #2 uh # #1 You drink coffee? #
185:  #2 Yes. #
Interviewer:  How do you like yours?
185:  Um with cream.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
185:  Sometimes with sugar.
Interviewer:  If you wanted if you were ordering it, if you wanted milk in it, you'd say you drank your coffee
185:  With cream.
Interviewer:  Or if you used that word milk you'd say you drank your coffee
185:  With milk.
Interviewer:  Mm Well what about the opposite of that? You'd say I like my coffee
185:  Plain or black.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Can you use that word uh a form of that word 'with' in combination with another word to mean the same thing? No milk, I'd like my coffee
185:  Black.
Interviewer:  With?
185:  Oh with sugar.
Interviewer:  Mm-mm.
185:  What?
Interviewer:  No milk in it at all. It would not be with milk it would be with
185:  Without.
Interviewer:  Mm Coffee like that, with nothing in it have you ever heard that referred to as anything uh
185:  As black #1 coffee. #
Interviewer:  #2 Black coffee? #
185:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Anything besides black?
185:  I can't think of anything.
Interviewer:  You ever heard somebody order it straight?
185:  Mm I've heard it referred to as as straight.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  But never anyone order it.
Interviewer:  I see. What about barefooted?
185:  No. {NW}
Interviewer:  Now say uh another expression. If you uh happen to meet somebody uh that you knew someone you really weren't looking for him you might say, well I wasn't looking for so-and-so. I just sort of ran
185:  Ran into them.
Interviewer:  Mm {NS} Or say another expression. If a if a child has been uh given the same name that his father has you say that they've named the child
185:  Junior.
Interviewer:  Or Is there any other way of saying that besides he's a junior? They named the child #1 his fa- #
185:  #2 Little # so-and-so.
Interviewer:  {NW} Little so-and-so?
185:  Yeah well like say his father's named John and they call him Little John John Junior
Interviewer:  Yeah. What about this? You we're just going to fill this in uh they named the child his father.
185:  After.
Interviewer:  Yeah. {X}
Interviewer 2:  B-Barb Rutledge had a good solution to that and that was by using a girl and say they named the girl her mother. And they wouldn't say they named the girl they wouldn't name her junior, you see? {NW}
Interviewer:  Yeah.
Interviewer 2:  By the way while I {X}
Interviewer:  I want to ask you a few things about animals just uh you know this animal that barks you call it a
185:  It's a #1 Dog. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Uh Say if uh you wanted {NS} you wanted your dog to get after another dog, what would you say to it?
185:  Get him.
Interviewer:  Get him?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And if you wanted if you wanted him to to cease hostilities you'd say
185:  Stop.
Interviewer:  Stop. And if you wanted him to to come to you
185:  You'd say come here.
Interviewer:  What about a dog that's uh you know he's not a not a pure breed you'd call him a, he's just an old
185:  Mutt.
Interviewer:  That's a mutt?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Anything you've ever heard besides that? Mutt or uh
185:  Cur.
Interviewer:  Cur dog?
185:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah? # What about uh mongrel?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Will that do?
185:  #1 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mean the same thing? # What about these little small dogs you know that like to nip at your heels and are always bouncing around, make you nervous
185:  #1 Chihuahua? #
Interviewer:  #2 You ever heard any # Yeah, yeah. #1 That's that's a particular breed, right? #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  You ever heard any any general term that people might use to apply to any sort of dog like that you know regardless of whether it's, you wouldn't say specifically chihuahua or whatever. That's just a little not familiar with that? You ever heard people uh use the word feist that way? That's just a little feist dog, you know, a chi-chihuahua?
185:  Yeah. #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Or talking about dogs if you were warning somebody about
185:  #1 Mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  #2 a # particularly vicious dog you might you'd say to me better, you better watch him he might
185:  He might bite you.
Interviewer:  'Cause yesterday he
185:  He bit.
Interviewer:  And he's
185:  He has bitten.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Farm animals. Far-farm animals. Say uh uh the male animal in a herd of uh cattle, you'd call #1 him the #
185:  #2 That's # the bull.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. You ever heard any say according to the situation I don't know about nowadays but but used to do you have any idea say if you were in mixed company if there were women present and that subject came up whether you might've used some other word besides that in referring to the animal? #1 {X} #
185:  #2 Besides # a bull?
Interviewer:  Yeah. You ever heard of that
185:  I've never heard of it no.
Interviewer:  You ever heard any sp- farmers use uh special words for that? Any special terms for a bull that a farmer might be more likely to use? Just #1 Just bull. #
185:  #2 Just bull. #
Interviewer:  Yeah. I see. Um uh and again long time but you don't see this much anymore but farmers used to plow with animals.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  The uh the animals that that they use you'd call they were usually
185:  Mules {C: NS}
Interviewer:  Anything besides that that might have been used oh long time ago that kind of resembled #1 bulls? #
185:  #2 Oxen. #
Interviewer:  Just oxen.
185:  They may have used oxen at home. I don't know that they did.
Interviewer:  What would you call a mule say if you had uh two of them together, you'd say you were plowing with a
185:  A pair.
Interviewer:  Pair of mules.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And what about the oxen? Would you say the same thing? You were plowing with a
185:  Probably a pair.
Interviewer:  Pair of oxen. Have you ever heard people uh say something like a yoke of oxen or #1 something like that. Yup. #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  And again talking about cattle uh you call a little one that would be a
185:  A calf.
Interviewer:  Or say if if you had a cow by the name of Daisy
185:  #1 Mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  #2 and # Daisy was uh was uh expecting a calf you'd say that Daisy's going to
185:  Going to give birth.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  Or going to calve.
Interviewer:  Going to calve.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see. Or have you ever heard uh something like uh uh she's going to uh freshen or come fresh to mean that?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Never heard that. Uh the animal that uh uh well you were you mentioned uh uh well I don't know if you did or not that the animal that uh you know at the Kentucky Derby they race.
185:  A horse.
Interviewer:  Hmm and the plural of that is
185:  #1 Horses. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # What do you call the male horse?
185:  He's a stallion.
Interviewer:  Ever heard him called anything besides stallion?
185:  A stud.
Interviewer:  Stud. Hmm. Now what about that word if it uh came up in mixed company uh would anything be likely to be substituted or do you just go ahead and say stud?
185:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  What about uh I'll ask you about the male horse. What about the female?
185:  The female's a mare.
Interviewer:  Oh a mare. {X}
185:  Or a filly.
Interviewer:  Mean the same thing?
185:  Um filly is younger than a mare. I think a mare is after she's been bred.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. I see. Say what do you say you do you you get on a horse and you begin to
185:  To ride.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and the past of that, yesterday I
185:  Rode.
Interviewer:  And I have
185:  Ridden.
Interviewer:  Uh Or somebody who couldn't stay on the horse, you'd say that he fell
185:  He fell off.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Or say if a if a child woke up in the morning, he was there on the floor beside his bed, he might say to himself, well goodness during the night I must have
185:  Rolled off.
Interviewer:  And again getting back to uh uh horses the things on the bottom of their feet that you know protect them, you call #1 those #
185:  #2 The shoes. # #1 Horseshoes. #
Interviewer:  #2 Shoes. #
Interviewer 3:  Horseshoes. You ever heard of uh of people playing a game
Interviewer:  #1 with those things? #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm # Horseshoes.
Interviewer:  #1 That's called horseshoes? #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  You say what do you say you're doing there?
185:  You're pitching.
Interviewer:  Pitching horseshoes. #1 {X} #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Yeah. I'm not too good at it.
Interviewer:  Yeah, I mean Well what talking about horseshoes what about the you know the the horse's feet in and of themselves. What do you call those that are protected by the horseshoe?
185:  Hooves.
Interviewer:  The hooves. And just one would be a
185:  A hoof.
Interviewer:  Uh what about uh uh I don't know if you had these animals or not in uh your part of the country. Were were there ever any sheep raised?
185:  Yeah. Yeah. They're not anymore but um up around say forty, fifty years ago they were quite common. #1 Quite common. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm # Do you happen to remember what the male sheep was called?
185:  He's a ram.
Interviewer:  A ram. And the female?
185:  Is a ewe.
Interviewer:  What what what what do people raise sh- sheep for?
185:  #1 For the wool. #
Interviewer:  #2 Wool. #
185:  For the wool and the meat.
Interviewer:  And the meat. Oh I see. Well uh You t- you mentioned last time we were talking about hogs, hog pens, that kind of thing. Uh what about the male hog?
185:  #1 He's a boar #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # He's called a boar.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And we'll say a little one. That'll be a
185:  A piglet.
Interviewer:  Piglet.
185:  Or a shoat which is older.
Interviewer:  Is is a little bit #1 older. #
185:  #2 Is a little # bit older a little bit bigger.
Interviewer:  I see, I see. And uh say a a hog that's been altered. You would call him a
185:  A barrow.
Interviewer:  A barrow. And uh uh you know these things that uh these stiff hairs on a hog's back. Can you
185:  Bristles?
Interviewer:  Those are the bristles. And some of them have these long
185:  Have tusks.
Interviewer:  Tusks. Yeah. Have you ever heard of, in your part of the country, of uh a hog that uh grew up wild? Were there any particular names for
185:  Wild boars.
Interviewer:  Those are wild #1 boars. #
185:  #2 mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  Have were they ever called anything besides that?
185:  Not that I know of.
Interviewer:  Just wild boars? Ever heard of a razorback?
185:  I've heard of it.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm #
185:  #2 But # not at home.
Interviewer:  Yeah, yeah. And when you were if you were feeding your hogs you know the things that you would pour the feed into you'd call that a
185:  That's a trough.
Interviewer:  Mm And the plural is
185:  Troughs.
Interviewer:  I mentioned a minute ago when I when you uh when you told well te- tell me about uh a barrow uh that had been altered
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  What do you say has been done to the hog? Uh altered or it's been
185:  He's been castrated.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of any other term besides that #1 or #
185:  #2 Cut. #
Interviewer:  Hmm. Would somebody be more likely to say cut uh
185:  Probably in female company.
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. I see. #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  What would a farmer be likely to say? Does he usually maybe your grandfather
185:  Um usually it's pretty often referred to as cutting #1 hogs. #
Interviewer:  #2 Cutting hogs? #
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Yeah. I see. What about the you know the noise that uh that a cat makes when it's being weaned? How would you describe that? You'd say listen to that cat
185:  I've never heard the noise that a cat makes.
Interviewer:  Well have you ever heard people say something like he's a a bellowing, a bawling #1 something like #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  that? Which one?
185:  Um both.
Interviewer:  Both bellow or bawl?
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Or say a c- uh cows when it's uh when it's uh feeding or maybe a a cow that wants to be milked. #1 How would you #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  describe the sound that it was making? Have any idea?
185:  Not really but it's it's pretty much the same thing as a bellow and a bawl.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm Do people around Ocilla ever say uh listen to that cow low or listen to that cow moo something like that?
185:  Yeah. But they do that whether they're milking or not.
Interviewer:  Mm Well talking about noises that these animals make, what about the noise uh made by a horse? You would describe that
185:  A neigh or #1 whinny. #
Interviewer:  #2 A neigh. #
185:  mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  You ever heard people who say uh uh uh nicker?
185:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 or nicker? # Say uh if you had a a just a general term that you would use in referring to animals like you know hens and geese and and guineas uh that sort of thing
185:  Fowl.
Interviewer:  You call it fowl. #1 Collectively, yeah. #
185:  #2 mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  Well talking about fowl, what about a a hen that's uh that's on a nest of eggs? You'd call that a
185:  She's a setting #1 hen. #
Interviewer:  #2 Setting # hen. Yeah. And talking about hens this thing that that farmers use to send their hens in market
185:  #1 mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  #2 to market in # you'd call that a
185:  That's a crate.
Interviewer:  A crate. You ever heard it called anything besides that? A little chicken
185:  Maybe a chicken box. #1 I don't know. #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh # mm. Well what about would you have a shelter #1 outside uh back where the #
185:  #2 mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  #1 What would you call something #
185:  #2 Yeah, that's the chicken coop. #
Interviewer:  Chicken coop. Have you ever heard that word coop used in referring to what I was describing? A little what you called uh #1 a box or a crate #
185:  #2 A box? #
Interviewer:  #1 Call that #
185:  #2 I don't think so #
Interviewer:  mm I see.
185:  I've never heard of it.
Interviewer:  Yeah. I see. Well talking about chickens you know when you fry chicken #1 especially #
185:  #2 mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  there's usually one piece that uh that the children like to get a hold of you know so they can #1 {X} #
185:  #2 The wishbone #
Interviewer:  Yeah, wishbone. Heard that called anything
185:  Pulley bone.
Interviewer:  Yeah. What is what is the story behind that? Uh what is uh
185:  Okay um you're suppose okay like you're supposed to make a wish. Both of you make a wish. And you pull and the person who gets the big piece I think his wish comes #1 true. #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-hmm #
185:  Or I may have it backward. I don't know.
Interviewer:  Well we began at three.
185:  #1 It it's it's been a long time since since we've done this. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. #
185:  But I I think it's the big piece that that one's wish comes true.
Interviewer:  I see. You don't happen to recall whether there were any particular names for the long piece and the short piece do you?
185:  Not that I know of.
Interviewer:  Well talking about meats uh I mentioned it in uh you know different cuts of meats uh names with stuff like that Have you ever heard any general or comprehensive term used in referring to the the inside parts of a hog that you could eat, you know, that you might not normally eat like the the heart, the the gizzard
185:  The lights?
Interviewer:  Call that the lights?
185:  Maybe so yeah.
Interviewer:  The light y- you've heard that used as kind of a comprehensive term #1 like we're talking about? #
185:  #2 I think so yeah. #
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard people refer to uh say the liver and lights?
185:  Yeah. #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # I see. I see. What about the word haslet? Have you ever #1 Ever heard that? #
185:  #2 Never heard that. #
Interviewer:  Okay. Or say uh you know when you when you slaughter a hog uh used to I don't know what they do nowadays but you could take the intestines, you know, clean them out
185:  #1 mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 use them for for # casings
185:  For sausage.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Still do it.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Have you ever heard of people taking those intestines you know and just cooking them? #1 Innards #
185:  #2 mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
185:  #2 mm-hmm. # The chitlins.
Interviewer:  Call that chitlin. #1 They were heavy? #
185:  #2 They smell. No. #
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  No.
Interviewer:  {NW} #1 {NW} #
185:  #2 um # You have to boil 'em before you fry 'em and um the best thing to do is to get your wash pot and go out where somewhere where you don't as far away from the house as possible and start boiling.
Interviewer:  That's right. Ah it's a delightful aroma, isn't it?
185:  I I've never smelled it.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh you haven't? #
185:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  Drive you straight out of the house.
185:  Um my my grandparents never never cooked chitlins #1 and um #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-hmm #
185:  my mother never would let my father my father never particularly cared to.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  And I'd one of us would ask about it and daddy would make some sort of half-hearted effort, well maybe we'll do it some time momma would say no.
Interviewer:  {NW} Yeah Yeah I've had that stuff before it's it's a good idea you know like you said to remove 'em as far #1 removed as #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  possible because {NS} think about the odor and what you're eating {D: that comes off} {NS} What about uh say on a farm if you heard your your animals begin to carry on say you your horses and your cows they're getting hungry. You might've said, well didn't know it was so late it's #1 right about #
185:  #2 It's feeding time. #
Interviewer:  Say uh since you've had experience on a farm this should be no problem but uh late in the day, you wanted to get your your cows to come up from the pasture. #1 mm-hmm #
185:  #2 Park it out there #
Interviewer:  and call to 'em. What would he say, do you remember? How would how he'd called his cows to get them to come up? from the pasture?
185:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Not sure about #1 that? #
185:  #2 No # my grandfather didn't have that many #1 cattle. We usually le- he usually left them down in the pasture. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. Hmm. #
185:  We usually le- we usually left them down in the #1 pasture. #
Interviewer:  #2 mm # Have you ever heard farmers uh around Ocilla say something like {D: soup cow}? Something like that? #1 Do you know what I'm saying? #
185:  #2 I've heard 'em say # soupy
Interviewer:  soup
185:  soupy
Interviewer:  soupy
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Get them to come in #1 like that? #
185:  #2 Yeah to get # the pigs to come in.
Interviewer:  I see. Well if you were just maybe not necessarily calling calling pigs to you but when you're feeding the pigs is there anything that you know people say kind of automatically when they're feeding their pigs that uh you know calling the pigs anything in #1 particular? #
185:  #2 I #
Interviewer:  Piggy piggy piggy piggy something like #1 that? #
185:  #2 um # Yeah.
Interviewer:  You have heard that.
185:  Yeah. mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Well what about to uh to chickens?
185:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 You # know you're feeding the chickens. What would you say? Here chick chick chick chick chick. Or I mentioned calls to to cows. {NS} Uh what about the calves? Do you have any idea? If that #1 would #
185:  #2 I have # no idea. Usually calf would follow its mother.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. Or say I mentioned we were talking about plowing #1 with animals. #
185:  #2 mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  Say if you were plowing with mules can you recall a a a farmer saying anything in particular to the mule, calling to the mule to get him to turn? left or right you know.
185:  Gee and haw.
Interviewer:  Gee and haw. Which is which, do you remember?
185:  Gee is to the left. right is to ri- haw is right.
Interviewer:  Haw right and gee left.
185:  mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  I see. Are {NS} are you gonna talk about {D: call of faith you were a} if you were a a uh riding a horse what would you say to it to to you know get him started from a
185:  Get up.
Interviewer:  Get up.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Or if you were riding along, what is anything that you say or or do maybe to you know maybe make it go a little bit faster?
185:  Yeah you gotta come on get up now and shake your reins and {NS} #1 kick him #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
185:  a little bit.
Interviewer:  Whip it, yeah.
185:  Yeah with your heels.
Interviewer:  And if you wanted him to stop you'd just say
185:  You'd just say woah and pull back on the reins.
Interviewer:  Or uh you mentioned there were there were sheep in the area. Have you have you uh possibly ever heard any calls to sheep?
185:  No. Um The sheep were u-were were pretty much gone by the time I was born.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. {NS}
185:  When you when you hear about people having sheep it's old people.
Interviewer:  mm. Yeah. Well say uh talking about horses uh if you wanted to get your horses ready you know to go somewhere
185:  mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  uh you know tend to put all that stuff on them you say maybe they'll ride and
185:  And saddle them.
Interviewer:  And saddle them or
185:  mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Is there anything else you've heard people say besides that? Maybe to refer to the whole process of putting the bit on you know and strapping on the saddle and all that you need to go up the horse's
185:  I can't think of no.
Interviewer:  Harness? Is that used in that sense?
185:  Harness is um usually for plowing. {NS} or for like the buggy or the wagon.
Interviewer:  Now are you are you talking about it as a noun? A harness?
185:  No no #1 as a #
Interviewer:  #2 Harness. #
185:  a-as a verb I'm #1 going to harness the horse. #
Interviewer:  #2 Going to harness the horse. # But
185:  But with a mule it's
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  um at least I think of think of it I I may be wrong. But I always think of it as as in terms of getting it ready to do work
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
185:  #2 when you're # going to um to ride the horse you'd saddle him.
Interviewer:  I see. Well you mentioned uh reins used in guiding the horse when you ride. What about the things that you use uh to guide the animal that you're plowing with? Any #1 particular #
185:  #2 Those are # traces.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
185:  #2 mm # Also reins, too.
Interviewer:  I see. Have you ever heard of of somebody refer to them as uh uh plow lines?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Same thing. I see. And get getting back to horses the those things that you put your feet in #1 when you ride #
185:  #2 Stirrups. #
Interviewer:  Say uh you have a couple horses hitched to a wagon. Have you ever heard uh the horse on the right referred to by any particular name? Say that's the
185:  I think he was the lead #1 horse. #
Interviewer:  #2 The lead # horse I don't guess they call the one on the left anything particular?
185:  They may have. I don't know.
Interviewer:  Ask you about a a few expressions. Say if uh if somebody is stopped and asks directions somebody might say well it's not far, it's just a
185:  #1 It's it's it's #
Interviewer:  #2 not far, it's just a #
185:  just a little piece.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  A little #1 ways. #
Interviewer:  #2 mm. # Or say if you've been traveling for you know a long time, you've not yet finished your journey you'd say you still have
185:  Had a long way to go.
Interviewer 3:  Excuse me just just a minute.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Another expression say if if uh {NS} something's very common and you don't have to look any special place for it you say well you can find that just about
185:  Anywhere.
Interviewer:  Or say if somebody slipped on something in your front yard and he fell this way till he fell
185:  He fell backward.
Interviewer:  And this way he fell
185:  He fell forward.
Interviewer:  Or uh say if somebody's been been fishing just had terrible luck catching things and uh somebody was asking him about it later well how'd you do? Might say ugh I didn't catch
185:  Didn't catch a thing.
Interviewer:  Ever heard anything else that might be used in that situation? You know in responding to a question like that?
185:  I can't think of anything.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard anybody uh uh say something like uh I didn't catch nary a one.
185:  Yeah, I've heard that.
Interviewer:  Or say if uh uh a school teacher has really gotten angered. Little kid in class really burned him up. Might say afterwards, well why's she picking on me? I
185:  I didn't do anything.
Interviewer:  Or say if uh I'm stumbling around your front yard yard and uh accidentally step on your rake and break it to smithereens.
185:  #1 mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 You # might say well don't worry about it. I didn't need that
185:  That rake. That old rake.
Interviewer:  Or maybe some kind of tag you could add on to that that sentence.
185:  That old rake anyhow?
Interviewer:  Yeah. I didn't like it
185:  Anyhow, anyway.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Or say if you find a little kid that's just you know he's crying his eyes out and you ask him what's the problem he might say, my friend's got all this this candy. He didn't give me
185:  Any.
Interviewer:  Or say if you happen to knew a kid that uh is spoiled rotten. What might you say you know and indicate probability that uh when that you know you think when that kid grows up that {NS} what's gonna be the the situation? I mean if probably he's spoiled now and when he grows up he'll have his trouble
185:  He'll
Interviewer:  Is anything you could do to that you know to indicate the probability that you know that this kid is gonna run really run into it when he grows up?
185:  He's likely #1 to. #
Interviewer:  #2 He's likely # to.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Or uh getting back to farming again for just a minute talking about uh if you have a real good yield you'd say that you raised a big
185:  A big crop.
Interviewer:  mm. Or again talking about the land if you have la- uh piece of land with a lot of bushes you know, trees and all that kind of thing which you want to put to cultivation uh you'd say you did what to the land in order to uh
185:  You cleared it.
Interviewer:  Cleared the land. I see. Have you have you ever heard any particular terms uh people might use to uh refer to a piece of land that's just been cleared
185:  New #1 ground. #
Interviewer:  #2 Call # that new ground. I see. Or say that you have just cut uh some hay off of a field. First time you've done this. When it comes back up again, have you ever heard that called anything particular? That's the
185:  I don't
Interviewer:  What about second cutting? Second cutting, third cutting, that kind of thing? Not familiar with #1 it. #
185:  #2 Not # familiar with hay.
Interviewer:  I see. Or say uh uh any any names for a crop that comes up even though you didn't plan it?
185:  A volunteer.
Interviewer:  Call that a volunteer. Uh You ever had any experience with with wheat in uh
185:  #1 Not wheat. #
Interviewer:  #2 your-not sure. # Let me ask you about this anyway just to see if you know it. When after the wheat's been been cut you say you tie it up into a
185:  Into a sheath.
Interviewer:  And when you have several of those, they're all put together, you call that a
185:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Maybe a bundle or uh Have you ever heard I know you've mentioned shock last time. Could you use that in that sense?
185:  You can do it with #1 corn. #
Interviewer:  #2 Shock. # mm-hmm
185:  You can shock corn.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm. And that means specifically
185:  That means you you take your corn, your corn stalks, and you stand them up in a bundle and tie them together.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. Well talking about corn, do you have any idea at all say you have the rough estimate of uh of uh how much uh corn to an acre would be a good yield?
185:  Um a hundred bushels plus is a good yield. Um a hundred and twenty, hundred and twenty-five is excellent. Below a hundred um you've got problems.
Interviewer:  Yeah. What about talking about corn, grain, that sort of thing this uh grain that horses particularly like to eat. Can you
185:  Oats?
Interviewer:  Oats. What do you say that you do to oats to separate uh uh the grain you know from the rest of it? You
185:  What do you mean like to separate the #1 grain? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
185:  #1 The oats #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
185:  from what? From the corn?
Interviewer:  Yeah. No from #1 the uh #
185:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  Well just just in general the process of of of separating you know
185:  Threshing?
Interviewer:  Yeah, yeah. What do you mean by that?
185:  By what, by by #1 threshing? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Yeah.
185:  Um it'd be harvesting.
Interviewer:  #1 That's harvesting? #
185:  #2 Yeah # but most people at home when they plant oats they plant it for um a green crop for grazing
Interviewer:  mm.
185:  for winter. That um they plant oats not so much to grow to a grain and harvest
Interviewer:  mm-hmm.
185:  but for something green for their livestock to graze.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. I see. I want to ask you about uh it's an expression. It's mostly having to do with pronouns. For example, if uh if we had to do a job together, you'd say that not just one of us has to do it but
185:  But both of us.
Interviewer:  mm. Or say that if uh you and another fellow are uh coming to see me. How could you indicate that without using his name? You'd just say that and are coming.
185:  He and I are coming to see you.
Interviewer:  Or how could you identify yourself again without using your name if uh if you knocked on the door of my house and you knew that I'd recognize the sound of your voice. You'd say aw open the door it's just
185:  It's just me.
Interviewer:  mm. Or say if uh another fellow came to the door, did the same thing and uh you were inside with me and and you knew that I w- you know would recognize the sound of his voice without using his name you'd say oh open the door it's just
185:  Him.
Interviewer:  Hmm and if it were female you'd say it's
185:  J- it's just her.
Interviewer:  mm and there are a group of people together it's
185:  It's them.
Interviewer:  Say comparing how tall you are you might say something like well he's not as tall as
185:  As I am.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm. Or again doing that you might say on the other hand I'm not as tall as
185:  As he.
Interviewer:  mm. Or comparing how well you can do something. You might say well he can do it better than
185:  Than I.
Interviewer:  mm. Or say if if somebody uh Dr. Patterson has been running for uh fifty miles and that's about it, he had to stop after that, you would say fifty miles is #1 {X} #
185:  #2 Is all. #
Interviewer:  Hmm?
185:  Is all he can do
Interviewer:  All he can do. Or uh if you uh well possessives. If something belongs to me I say that's
185:  Mine.
Interviewer:  mm and if it belongs to both of us we say that's
185:  Ours.
Interviewer:  And if it uh belongs to them it's
185:  Theirs.
Interviewer:  And to him it's
185:  His.
Interviewer:  And to her it's
185:  Hers.
Interviewer:  Say if uh a group of people have been over to visit you. Say they're about to go. Addressing them collectively you might say well come back again.
185:  Y'all.
Interviewer:  How about the possessive of that? Say for example if a group of people had come over in a car and #1 their lights #
185:  #2 mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  were on. uh you might say something well the lights in car are on.
185:  Well if I knew whose car it was I'd say it was his car but other I'd say y'all's
Interviewer:  Y'all's car? #1 Yeah. #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  You ever heard anything besides y'all's?
185:  #1 You all. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # What about for possession? So you said y'all's I was just wondering if anything besides that you know. You ever heard people around Ocilla say anything like y'all's's? Is that y'all's's?
185:  mm I can't think of anyone who says that right now.
Interviewer:  Just y'all's?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  mm I see. Say uh if uh you had been to a party and for some reason or another I didn't get to go and you were telling me about it you know after the summary and I wanted to know who was at the party, everybody who was there.
185:  #1 mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh. # I would probably ask you well
185:  Who's there? Who was there?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Or say if uh {NS} for example I had uh uh you went to hear somebody speak {NS} and uh I couldn't make it again for some reason. And uh I was asking you about it uh wanting to know what was said you know everything that was said I would probably say something like well
185:  What did he say?
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard people say either uh in response to those two questions uh who all was there or what all did he say?
185:  mm-hmm. {NS}
Interviewer:  Do you have any idea whether you you use that yourself?
185:  #1 I probably do. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # {NS} Or another expression say if uh uh but if nobody else we'll look after them. {C: not sure if we'll or will}
185:  mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  You say they've got to look after
185:  After themselves.
Interviewer:  Or if nobody else will do it for him, he's got to do it
185:  For himself.
Interviewer:  Tell me about uh uh some different types of types of bread that you're familiar with, just anything um
185:  Okay. We've got corn bread um rye bread um wheat bread raisin bread um light bread, which is white white bread um biscuits.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
185:  um Muffins rolls #1 that's about it. #
Interviewer:  #2 That's about it? #
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What about uh oh uh you mentioned corn bread. Uh {NS} when you think about corn bread uh do you think of of you know the the big round thing that you bake and uh just cook in the skillet? Or
185:  #1 Oh #
Interviewer:  #2 What's your # conception?
185:  My conception #1 of cornbread? #
Interviewer:  #2 Corn yeah. # Yeah.
185:  Um usually {NW} well it all depends. I've I've had it cooked in the skillet, baked in a pan as muffins, as corn sticks.
Interviewer:  mm.
185:  And #1 just mixed. #
Interviewer:  #2 What what # what do you mean by corn sticks?
185:  Corn #1 sticks? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
185:  Um Okay- well you've got you've got a corn stick pan um and it's cast iron and um you put your your corn bread batter in and they come out long about six inches long about inch wide about an inch they're
Interviewer:  #1 They're corn sticks {C: laughter} #
185:  #2 They're corn sticks. #
Interviewer:  Right, right. Just some type of molds or
185:  #1 Yeah. mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # I see. Well have you ever heard way back when when people making some kind of a corn bread uh actually in the fire place you know cooking it in the ashes, something like that. You familiar with #1 anything #
185:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  like that? Ever heard anything called ash cake?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  I see. Well what about the uh uh have you ever seen what I was starting to talk about corn bread cooked in a skillet, you know a great big #1 round piece of it yeah you know #
185:  #2 mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #1 so thick #
185:  #2 mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  What would you just call if is there any particular name that you would use and
185:  A hoecake.
Interviewer:  You call that a hoecake. Have you ever seen it prepared uh by pouring out the batter in maybe hand-size
185:  mm-hmm
Interviewer:  What is that?
185:  Um Griddle cakes? #1 Maybe. #
Interviewer:  #2 Griddle cakes mm. #
185:  I don't know. I don't know the the official name.
Interviewer:  {NW} Yeah. Well these things uh that people would especially like to eat if they had them fish, fried
185:  Hushpuppies.
Interviewer:  #1 Hushpuppies. #
185:  #2 Corn dodgers. #
Interviewer:  Corn dodgers. Same thing?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see. Well how do you make those things? Have any idea what #1 goes in them? #
185:  #2 Hushpuppies? # Yeah you've got corn bread meal
Interviewer:  mm.
185:  um onions an egg or two buttermilk some baking soda and some salt.
Interviewer:  mm. I see.
185:  And you mix it up and drop it in into your hot grease.
Interviewer:  mm. Well anything made with uh with corn meal that's uh also made in a deep dish and it's very soft, so soft that you can almost {D: no}
185:  Spoon bread.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Tell me about that. You know
185:  #1 I I don't know how you make it. I #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  I've had it before.
Interviewer:  Is it any comparative taste with uh anything?
185:  Spoon bread i-is very light.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  And um it's different from regular corn bread but
Interviewer:  Not as coarse or
185:  It's not as #1 coarse. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # I see. Does does the term uh uh you might have mentioned this I can't recall. Hoecake mean anything to you?
185:  Yeah. That's the the frying pan #1 full. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
185:  #1 About like that. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. # I see. What about uh Johnny cake?
185:  Yeah I've I've heard that but
Interviewer:  #1 Don't you're not that sure about it. #
185:  #2 I'm I I # I can't really say what it is.
Interviewer:  I see. Um {NW} You ever heard of corn pone?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What is that?
185:  It's corn bread.
Interviewer:  Just with #1 Corn bread generically. #
185:  #2 Corn bread generically. # #1 If if you #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh I see. # Yeah. I see. Why have you ever heard of uh corn bread along with uh uh corn meal mixed up with wheat flour and egg anything made or something like that?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  You ever heard of egg bread?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Is it uh is this
185:  But I've heard of it #1 I'm I'm not #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  sure. I'm not sure what it is.
Interviewer:  I see. In general a lot of people say that there are basically just two kinds of bread. There's the uh there's the kind that you make at home you know #1 homemade. #
185:  #2 mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  There's the kind that you buy at the store. You call that
185:  Store-bought bread.
Interviewer:  And this thing that uh uh people used to make at home a lot you know you make uh make your batter and you would pour it out so that it had a hole right in the center of it you call those things
185:  Doughnuts?
Interviewer:  Yeah. Ever heard a a doughnut called anything besides that?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  No. Or say if you uh if you had your doughnut batter and you you dipped it out you know just in clumps, without the hole in other words.
185:  mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  You have any idea what that would be called?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Not sure about that. List uh these things that people like to eat for breakfast especially. You mix up your batter and you you pour them out and you eat them with uh you can put butter
185:  Oh biscuits. #1 Is that what you're #
Interviewer:  #2 Or. #
185:  talking about?
Interviewer:  Well. Uh not exactly. You know you pour them out in the skillet and you
185:  #1 Pancakes? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Ever heard those called anything else?
185:  Flapjacks.
Interviewer:  Flapjacks?
185:  Griddle cakes.
Interviewer:  It's all the same thing? Um what about um uh hot cakes?
185:  mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Again the same thing? I see. Do you have any idea just roughly how much flour would probably come in a sack about that size?
185:  About about ten pounds.
Interviewer:  Uh and talking about baking bread, that sort of thing what would you what would you use when you're when you're as you're going to bake bread to make it rise?
185:  Yeast. But if you're doing um if you're doing wheat bread
Interviewer:  mm-hmm.
185:  you can use baking power and baking soda, which is what you use in corn bread.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. I see. I'm ask you uh uh uh what what what do you have for a typical breakfast?
185:  Me?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Toast and coffee.
Interviewer:  That's it?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  {NW} W-What else have you seen other people have?
185:  Um well you can have eggs and bacon and grits and toast and coffee. You can have um cereal hot and cold um sausage ham um you can fix biscuits for breakfast.
Interviewer:  mm.
185:  um Basically most people at home have eggs and bacon or or sausage. And um grits and toast.
Interviewer:  Well you talking about eggs can you tell me about some different ways of of fixing eggs as you know #1 about #
185:  #2 Okay # well you can um poach them boil them um soft-boiled and hard-boiled you can have um fry eggs over light over medium or over hard.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. Well talking about an egg, what about the uh the two parts of the egg uh one
185:  The the egg white and the egg yolk.
Interviewer:  You ever heard the yolk oh well the color of the egg yolk it's just
185:  It's yellow.
Interviewer:  Or say if uh if you were you were talking about bacon {NS} if you wanted to buy a lot of bacon at one time, not sliced
185:  mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  you'd say you just bought a whole
185:  A side.
Interviewer:  You ever heard people #1 {X} #
185:  #2 Or a slab. #
Interviewer:  Sl- side or slab with bacon. Yeah. Have you ever heard people refer to that as a middling?
185:  No. {NS}
Interviewer:  Not familiar with that one. I see. Or say uh some meat that you might cook along say if you were cooking cooking greens that you might boil along with the greens to give it a little flavor?
185:  Some {C: background noise} boiling meat.
Interviewer:  Boiling meat?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 What is that usually, you have any idea? #
185:  #2 It's fresh. # It you use fresh pork for greens. You can use um or you just go to the grocery store and get some um some boiling meat that you can use neck neck bones are good
Interviewer:  mm.
185:  um for greens um pork chops are also good.
Interviewer:  mm.
185:  Um shine bones. A shine bone.
Interviewer:  Tell me about that one.
185:  Um I'm not sure what they are but they smell really good {C: laughing} {NW} and um
Interviewer:  Shine bone.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Is it pork #1 or #
185:  #2 Yeah #
Interviewer:  It's pork.
185:  Yeah. And um then if you if you need um cured meat then you get ham hocks.
Interviewer:  mm. mm I see. Uh say uh well does that does that meat that you boil along with greens then usually have a good bit of lean on it or is it mostly
185:  Yeah it they ha- it it usually has a good bit of lean it has some fat too.
Interviewer:  I see, I see. Ever heard people call that fatback?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm. Side-belly?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Heard that too. I see. Uh talking about bacon again say if you were slicing the bacon off of the the side or the slab. You know that that tough part that uh you need to cut off because it doesn't go not sure about that
185:  Well uh you don't have to cut it off as good.
Interviewer:  What would you call it anyway?
185:  It's the rind.
Interviewer:  Call that the rind?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  It's good.
185:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 How are you going to # chew it up?
185:  Well you you you chew it long enough, you chew it. {C: laughter}
Interviewer:  {NW} How long is it going to take?
185:  A pretty good while. #1 Used to I used to like- it is. It #
Interviewer:  #2 It's worth it though, right? #
185:  It really and truly is worth it.
Interviewer:  Okay. Have you ever heard any general terms that people might use to refer to uh {NS} to to pork and uh {NW}
185:  As pork or hog meat.
Interviewer:  Pork or hog meat. Yeah. You mentioned a smokehouse.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  The uh the other day. What type of meat would you generally find in that?
185:  Pork.
Interviewer:  It's all pork?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  It's all different kinds of cuts? Or
185:  Usually bacon and hams.
Interviewer:  Those are the things that are smoked usually?
185:  They yeah.
Interviewer:  If if I'm
185:  And sausage.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Well if if smoked meat came up in the conversation, how would you react? What would that mean to you?
185:  It means it'd been cured.
Interviewer:  Just but any kind of meat, any kind of pork or or one particular cut?
185:  Well
Interviewer:  I mean could is smoked meat restricted to bacon or or ham or or what?
185:  It may not be restricted but it's usually they're the most common ones that are smoked.
Interviewer:  mm.
185:  Are hams and bacon and sausage.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. Well talking about meat uh what would you call a man who who deals in cuts of meat exclusively? He's the your friendly neighborhood
185:  Butcher.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Or talking about meat that's been kept too long you you'd say the meat's gone
185:  Rancid. It's #1 gone #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  bad.
Interviewer:  Or it has
185:  It spoiled.
Interviewer:  mm. What about butter? You know it's done the same thing. It's uh it's uh been kept too long to taste good. You'd say it was
185:  It's rancid.
Interviewer:  It's rancid. Have you ever heard any other term uh besides rancid that you could use in uh describing {NS} butter that's like that?
185:  I can't think of anything.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard anybody uh say it's funky?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Does that word mean anything to you?
185:  Funky?
Interviewer:  Funky yeah.
185:  Yeah but Not in #1 term #
Interviewer:  #2 Doesn't have # anything to do with bad butter.
185:  It has nothing to do with bad butter.
Interviewer:  What does it mean?
185:  Well it's sort of like um early nineteen seventies black hip.
Interviewer:  Hmm. That's a pretty good description.
Interviewer 2:  If it means hip #1 it means what is {X} #
185:  #2 Yeah. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  mm-hmm. I see. Uh getting back to meat what about the meat is there anything that you can can make with the meat from a hog's head?
185:  Yeah, you can make sow's meat.
Interviewer:  Sow's meat. #1 {X} #
185:  #2 Yeah. # Yeah.
Interviewer:  Pretty good?
185:  mm-hmm. You can also use it to um boil it down and use it to make Brunswick stew also. Head meat.
Interviewer:  Head meat. That's you're referring to what goes into Brunswick stew specifically
185:  Well it's generally the meat from the from the hog's head.
Interviewer:  That goes into the #1 sides too. #
185:  #2 Yeah. # Yeah.
Interviewer:  You have any idea what goes into that sow's besides uh uh the head meat is it spicy or?
185:  Yeah there's {C: thump} spices in it and I'm not sure what other kinds of meat go in it.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. Uh Sow's. Ever heard it called anything besides that?
185:  I can't
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  I probably have but I can't think of any right now.
Interviewer:  What about head of cheese?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 Called a head of cheese? #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  I see. Uh uh Is this a would an older person be more likely to say that or are they pretty much interchangeable?
185:  Probably an older person would say head cheese.
Interviewer:  Hmm I see. #1 {X} #
185:  #2 Sow's # meat or sow's is the most common.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Most common term.
Interviewer:  I see. You familiar with anything that can be made by a uh uh cooking and grinding up uh hog liver?
185:  Yeah. Chopped liver.
Interviewer:  Chopped liver? {NW} You familiar with anything uh well what about liver sausage? You ever heard of that?
185:  I've heard of it.
Interviewer:  mm. Is that the same thing as this uh liverwurst you see in uh
185:  I don't know if it's the same thing. I've never had it.
Interviewer:  Not sure about that. I see. Have you ever heard of anything uh made out of hog with hog's blood in it? Some kind of dish made with hog's blood.
185:  I can't think of any.
Interviewer:  Delightful thought, huh? {NW} What about something that you might uh had heard blood sausage there
185:  I've heard of blood sausage
Interviewer:  mm.
185:  but it wasn't from home.
Interviewer:  Yeah I see. Hadn't run across it in a book or something?
185:  Maybe so.
Interviewer:  You ever heard of anything that could be made by taking the uh the juice from the the sow's with the head cheese and mixing it up with uh corn meal, maybe some hog meat, cooking it that way?
185:  I've never heard of any.
Interviewer:  Never heard of scrapple? {NS}
185:  I've heard of scrapple, yeah, but
Interviewer:  It's just a #1 word. Doesn't #
185:  #2 Yeah #
Interviewer:  mean anything to you. I see. Uh milk. Have you ever heard of uh this thick sour milk that some women you know like to keep around the kitchen and make things out of?
185:  Clabber.
Interviewer:  Clabber?
185:  Also sour milk. Buttermilk.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. What can you make out of that stuff?
185:  Um usually you use it in baking and making corn bread. You've got to have it for corn bread.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. Is there any kind of uh of uh cheese that you can make from it? Uh
185:  Yeah. Cottage #1 cheese. #
Interviewer:  #2 Cottage # cheese okay, I see. We're talking about milk, you know after you've gotten the milk, what could you do to it to get some of the impurities out of it? You'd say you
185:  You pasteurize it.
Interviewer:  Pasteurize it or if you just passed it through a a wire mesh you'd say you were
185:  You strained it.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Something that you might have for dessert uh you probably
185:  {D: Well}