Interviewer 2:  We can do that but I would like to uh try to get uh let me go on for a while but please make note of anything you don't understand or why did he do that and Marvin will answer any questions you have and I'll try to keep quiet uh so uh That'll be uh That'll be cool. {NS} {B}
Interviewer:  #1 {NS} #
185:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Are you a student at Emory?
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  #1 How how far along are you? #
185:  #2 I'm a senior at the college and I'm a history major #
Interviewer:  #1 {NS} #
185:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Where'd you say you were from?
185:  I'm from Ocilla, Georgia. It's down in south Georgia about two hundred miles south of here. down around well we're eighteen miles east of Tifton
Interviewer:  What county is that in?
185:  It's Irwin county.
Interviewer:  Is that where you were born?
185:  #1 Yes. #
185:  #2 {NS} #
185:  #1 Yes. #
185:  #2 {NS} #
Interviewer:  Born right there in town in {D: El Sol}
185:  Yeah in {D: El Sol}
Interviewer:  {NW} {NS} How old are you now?
185:  I'm twenty-one. {NS} {NS}
Interviewer:  So are you started school here at Emory when you were about
185:  When I was eighteen.
Interviewer:  Thank you. What made you choose Emory?
185:  Um I wanted to go somewhere in Georgia And It was a choice between here in Georgia And I'm not really fond of the University of Georgia
Interviewer:  Why?
185:  Um I just never have liked it. {NW}
Interviewer:  Just a #1 gut reaction about Georgia #
185:  #2 Yeah, just just a gut reaction # I I don't like Georgia football.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  I'm a Georgia Tech fan
Interviewer:  Oh
185:  And um So
Interviewer:  Why didn't you go to Tech?
185:  Why didn't I go to Tech? Cause I don't want to be an engineer.
Interviewer:  Talking about that's all you can do if you go to Tech.
185:  Well basically.
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  And um {NS} So I decided to go to Emory plus my brother was here. And he enjoyed it and I've been wanting to go to Emory for a long time. For many many years.
Interviewer:  When when will you graduate?
185:  Um June June of seventy-eight
Interviewer:  You mentioned your brother, how old is he?
185:  He's Twenty-four And he's in med school there
Interviewer:  Well have you had any other uh brothers er?
185:  No. No we're the only two.
Interviewer:  The only two.
185:  The only two children, yes.
Interviewer:  Well what about uh you're you're a full-time student there.
185:  Yeah {NW} #1 And- #
Interviewer:  #2 And- Go ahead #
185:  Well I work during the summers at home. I work for a lawyer there. Um I'm sort of his gopher
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
185:  And uh It's a fun job I do some research um run a lot of errands
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  Answer the phone, type
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Basically whatever needs to be done I take out a lot of trash
Interviewer:  Yeah {NW} Well uh You mentioned your majoring in history.
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Now is that in preparation for uh
185:  For law school
Interviewer:  For law school. And you want to go to law school?
185:  Well I don't know where I'll be applying here at Emory Georgia, Mercer, and some out of state places. But sort of a case of where I'll where I get in {NS}
Interviewer:  Well uh Well only particular reason I'm asking you know there there seems to be such a flood of uh lawyers graduating now so less appealing, you know sort of making some people {D: rethink things}
185:  Well It's It's something I've always wanted to do. {NS} And That's basically the reason And You can do a lot with law besides besides practice. You can use it to go to business and real estate {NS} You can use it for a lot of for a lot of different things you can use it for government service in many cases
Interviewer:  Any one of those in favor that you had in mind?
185:  Um Probably practice So
Interviewer:  There's kind of uh
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  There's an equivalent an equivalent to GP and law You know to uh
185:  Well you well you get your basic {D: J Data Group} which is basically the equivalent of a G-P. in that it's a And um you need to have some concentrations something that is that you've been really interested in in Law School that you developed some some {NS} greater depth in.
Interviewer:  You could make a killing if you went into uh handling the bulletin cases and Uh I think all the lawyer kind of depends on that kind of thing #1 And uh considering, maybe we're #
185:  #2 Yeah. Yeah but # If you get There's money in divorce #1 There's no there's no doubt about it. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
185:  But um It's been It gets real nasty it gets real nasty
Interviewer:  Before we go {D: off to the cabinet} the real real enigma in the corporate law is that true?
185:  Mm-hmm {NS} It is because practically everything the corporation does has to have a lawyer.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Anytime you have a bond issue stock issue um Numerous reports have to be filed with the government. um And they have just so much business going on that they need to have a lawyer so that they can go through tax purposes, tax advantages, gains, losses {NS}
Interviewer:  What's, do you have any idea about what um uh The uh {X} of school {D: logging} at Emory is it fairly prestigious? or
185:  In Well It's very prestigious in Georgia um As far as out of state, I'm not sure. It's sort of a middle rank school. There are a lot that are better than Emory there are a lot that are worse than Emory. It's sort of middle rank
Interviewer:  Do you want to stay here in this part of the country and go to law school?
185:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Not sure?
185:  I'm not sure.
Interviewer:  Have you already sent out applications?
185:  Well I have applications sitting in the room to be sent out.
Interviewer:  Yeah What are some of the schools?
185:  Some of the schools Um Well Georgia, Emory, Mercer, Vanderbilt, Duke um I've gotten one from Chicago, from Cornell From Yale, from Harvard I'm just looking at a lot of them.
Interviewer:  Have you ever Have you pretty much stayed in this part of the country or
185:  Well as far as lived with um I've always lived in Ocilla I've done some traveling, I've been to Canada um {NS} Been To Virginia New Orleans Florida Out to Kentucky Basically in the south, the southeast but {NS}
Interviewer:  Those states you mentioned, Virginia and Florida Kentucky Are these are are those the only other southern states you've been in?
185:  No we've been North Carolina, Tennessee, South Carolina Alabama Mississippi {NS} Louisiana
Interviewer:  Was it mostly um vacation or {NS}
185:  Yeah mostly vacations.
Interviewer:  Any one particular area that uh you prefer?
185:  Well Uh I like New Orleans It's fine.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  #1 Very very warm in the summer #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
185:  But it's a great place to be #1 And- #
Interviewer:  #2 And- go ahead #
185:  And um Virginia's nice. {NS} Moving up to Williamsburg and Richmond And Williamsburg Was very That was a lot of fun. And I'd like to go back to Richmond, do the battle Battle field rounds
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {X} Uh {X} Did you spend much time in French quarter?
185:  Yeah That's where we stayed. It was in the French quarter.
Interviewer:  Oh you stayed in
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Yeah Yeah I had always had this uh this {NS} uh {NS} uh impression that the French quarter was a real small place.
185:  It's bigger.
Interviewer:  Yeah #1 {NW} #
185:  #2 It's real big. #
Interviewer:  It goes like there for a dozen blocks square Something like that {NS}
185:  They've done a lot down there recently They have cleaned up the French market And Better lighting, a lot more security and policemen down there So it it's not as rough as it was
Interviewer:  There are some
185:  #1 There are no well there are #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  #1 yeah yeah #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
185:  There's still some real sleazy sections down there That it isn't safe to go in daytime or night
Interviewer:  Yeah I was uh I was coming back this summer cause I'm in town recruiting a lot with a friend of mine took me to the French quarter and we went to this we were going to this black uh this uh black restaurant, I guess it was kind of kind of a nation restaurant bar lounge kind of thing it had been you might have seen it if you watch NBC Saturday Night They got a little uh film clip of it But um {X} a little funky place, you know? {NW} But yeah, neither one of us liked the place Oh What about uh Let's see You have you have a memory from a particular church?
185:  Well I'm a member of the Methodist Church. I don't go. But My name's still on the role
Interviewer:  Yeah Might be an occasional Methodist
185:  Yeah Yeah I go I go just enough to know that I don't don't particularly care for it.
Interviewer:  Mm. {NS} Any particular reason for uh you know
185:  #1 For why I don't go? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah, yeah. #
185:  I don't like the minister.
Interviewer:  Oh that would #1 {X} #
185:  #2 He's a jerk #
Interviewer:  {NW} Is he boring or is he just uh
185:  Um Well The um well I stopped going We we don't have the one we had when I stopped going The one that we had when I stopped going was an old army chaplain
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And he was one of the numerical right or wrong, love it or leave it type
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And um Went to church one Sunday And It was to the point where We had got We had got home, my parents and I And the minute we got out of the church We'd start arguing about what a jerk he was how awful he was and went to church one Sunday and he made some some very unkind and uncalled for remarks about George McGovern whom we'd all supported for President And so Rather than get up and walk out then and there, which is what I felt like doing, I just didn't go back.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And I haven't been back.
Interviewer:  So he's down {D: at that end of the world}
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  #1 On the right or #
185:  #2 Yeah #
Interviewer:  #1 sort of #
185:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Is he really outrageous or is he
185:  Yeah Yeah He's um He's vicious There's no There's no other way to say it except that he's vicious.
Interviewer:  Mm. {X} I had a pastor in my church was nothing like {D: that exists} #1 He believed {X} #
185:  #2 Well that too #
Interviewer:  Always when I went in the sanctuary to pick out a nice big column to sit behind {X} What about uh uh Schools, your schooling #1 Did you go to school there in Ocilla? #
185:  #2 Yeah I went # I went to public school there um elementary, junior high, and high school and the elementary school was about two blocks from where I lived and the junior high and high school were was about three blocks So that I didn't didn't ride the bus
Interviewer:  Mention what What is your address there {X} ?
185:  Um {B} {B}
Interviewer:  South Apple?
185:  Apple. A-P-P-L-E.
Interviewer:  What's the What's the zip in Ocilla?
185:  three one seven seven four
Interviewer:  Did that uh elementary school have a particular name or
185:  It was um I think it was It was probably I don't know
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
185:  #2 Well see #
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
185:  #2 what happened was # Is that In sixty-four we integrated.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And We still had separate but equal When I started so that there was the black elementary school and the white elementary school.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And then in sixty-four, we integrated. And We still had the blacks' elementary school And the now-integrated white elementary school. And this continued until I think Fall of seventy when Supreme Court or H-E-W or one of the others said that you've got to abandon dual school systems or you lose all your federal aid.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  So that from seventy Fall of seventy there was probably It's probably known as Irwin County Elementary but I'm not sure. We always referred to it as Ocilla Elementary because that's what it was known as when the um city had a separate school system from the county.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. That's it. Well What uh #1 What grades did that elementary school #
185:  #2 Elementary school was one through six. #
Interviewer:  One through six.
185:  It was built and the school was as
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  Old, old school, it was built back in the 30s by the C-C-C and the W-P-A Part of Roosevelt's New Deal.
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  And {NS} my father went to high school then, used to be the high school And then when the city and the county merged their school systems {NS}, it became the elementary school
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  had big tall ceilings large windows oak floors they had to oil to keep um keep the dust down.
Interviewer:  {NW} Pretty bad.
185:  Yeah. It's it- it was a fun school. But uh
Interviewer:  Mm. #1 But what about the junior high school? You know? #
185:  #2 The junior high school and high school # um were combined. They were built back in back in the early early to mid fifties so they're brick and concrete block construction and um junior high was grades seven and eight And then high school was nine through twelve.
Interviewer:  Mm. Did that have a less, you know, particular name?
185:  Yeah, um The high school has always been known as Irwin County High.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And I think the junior high was Irwin County Junior High. Even though At the s- E-even though up to seventy you had um A separate high school the black school, which was Ocilla High Industrial.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. You mentioned C-C-C a minute ago, what is that?
185:  That's the Civilian Conservation Corp. And the W-P-A is the Works Progress Administration. They were part of Roosevelt's New Deal.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  The W-P-A also built the community house in Ocilla back in thirty-eight
Interviewer:  The community house?
185:  Yeah it's um it's where Irwin Community Center It was for whites only and still is largely for whites only.
Interviewer:  They get away with that?
185:  Well They get away with it real well now because um {NS} in the past few years have gotten a lot of federal aid Um but the county's about sixty percent white, forty percent black {NS} and they get a lot of federal aid because of the blacks and um they built a neighborhood center over in the black section of town
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
185:  so that the blacks go to that and the whites use the um {NS} use the community house. And they kept the swimming pool open over in the white section {NS} of town {NS} long enough to get money to build swimming pool over in the black section of town. So the blacks use the pool at the neighborhood center. And the whites either use the country club pool or they don't go, I suppose.
Interviewer:  Mm. Let's see. Well when when integration was being implemented, how did that uh go over in Ocilla? Was there
185:  It went over fairly well um {NS} there was a private academy starting in sixty-four, segregation academy, although they're uh they they'd be highly incensed to have the {D: fort} It was bad.
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  And um But that's all it is, is a segregation academy um it's out in Mystic which is um six miles from Ocilla.
Interviewer:  #1 Eh Mystic? #
185:  #2 Mystic #
Interviewer:  #1 That's a great name {NS} #
185:  #2 Y-yeah # It's um a little unincorporated town on the road on the road to Ashburn on thirty-two Georgia thirty-two And um The school board sold them an old abandoned school it was old Irwin County High before the city and the county consolidated and they built a new school in Ocilla.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  I think they sold them the old school which is a big big building with a lunch room and an old gym for something like a dollar. So that um {NS}
Interviewer:  {X}?
185:  Yeah #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
185:  Real big deal So that you know while the school board's acting very pious like oh yes we've got to integrate and you all can stay in school, they were also keeping all their keeping their bases covered.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. So you didn't have any any serious uh
185:  No there was no um In sixty-four the elementary school I was in integrated with all of one black. And he was in my class.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And the first day of school, we all knew that he was gonna be in our class. First day at school the teacher sent Allen, that was the black guy, up to the principal's office
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and on some phony errand
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  and um while he was gone she gave us a very stern lecture that integration was something that none of us wanted that no one looked forward to it that we would would be much better off if they could stay over in the black section of town
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  But that It's something that we had to live with and that we were going to accept him cause she was going to make sure that we did. And it really worked out real well. We we played with him he was one of our friends. It worked out real well. We had we had no serious problem, we had no serious problems with racial trouble. I think one of the reasons is is that um athletics is very very {D: tough} football, baseball, basketball and for years I guess up until about sixty-eight or sixty-nine maybe even seventy, there were very few blacks on on any of the teams. But when We finally had to do away And had to abolish the separate black school and we changed coaches about that same time and the new coach was very interested and and agreed to allow blacks on the teams and so that they've done very well in sports {NS} And um people have accepted it for that reason
Interviewer:  I see. So What about uh when you were in in high school were your in in any uh particular clubs or uh organizations or anything like that?
185:  Yeah I was in four H Um I was in the band three years Um I was in thespian society Um The beta club which is sort of a which is sort of like a National Honors Society {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And um {D: High line} which is run by the YMCA of Georgia.
Interviewer:  Mm. What about here at Emory?
185:  And here at Emory Um I work for {D: Wheel} {NS}
Interviewer:  And the wheel is?
185:  Is a school {D: inspection.} {NS} {NS} And also I'm in {NS} {NW} Alpha Epsilon Epsilon Yeah Which is the lower division honors society And in Pi Alpha Theta which is the history honors society.
Interviewer:  Mm. {X} Um I was in when they were {NS} I don't know {X} we remembered the name only is that the same sort of thing?
185:  Well four H wasn't four H was was ver- was a lot of fun, I was very active in that. I had a pecan production project And um went to district competition several well from fifth grade through twelfth. Won there several times Went to state competition three times in one there my senior year.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  So I had I had a real good time in 4H and we got a lot done. It was real good, a real good club. Um Beta club, we just basically met and um inducted new members, that sort of thing, just what like kept everything going.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Thespians We did a little more than that. But not not too much more and that's about all we did in high line.
Interviewer:  Mm. You said you were majoring in history at Emory and then high school, was that your uh why didn't you go into history {X} #1 was it uh #
185:  #2 Yeah #
Interviewer:  carried over from high school?
185:  Well sor- yeah sort of carried over from high school although in high school I took a lot of a lot of science and math
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  And as well as doing {NS} taking history courses during social science projects. And um I felt I felt more comfortable with history and it's what I wanted to do.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  Chemistry was fun but not to the extent that I wanted I wanted to do anything in chemistry or biology
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  Or any of the other sciences.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Do you remember what grade you were in when you took uh chemistry?
185:  I was in tenth grade, I believe. No, eleventh. Eleventh.
Interviewer:  Have any high school physics or?
185:  Yeah I had a quarter of physics senior year that was um sort of taught in a very forward-looking manner. It was independent study physics because the teacher couldn't teach the course
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  So um We did all the labs ourselves, paced ourselves
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  um took the tests everyone did real well, I think all of us came out with an A.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  But As far as learning anything You know, I'm certain we did but {NS} we did finish the course and that got him off the hook and us off the hook.
Interviewer:  Mm. What about your mathematics work?
185:  Math had Algebra one in ninth grade year of Geometry Algebra two junior my junior year. Then senior year I had um
Interviewer:  Junior, that's which grade?
185:  Eleventh grade. Twelfth grade has trig fall quarter and then two quarters, winter and spring quarter twelfth grade had um Basically Algebra three.
Interviewer:  Mm. Right then. Well well what about uh uh your uh your pa- your folks, whe-where're they from? Where was your father born?
185:  Um Daddy was born in {D: Rayport} which is in Lanier county and {NS} is about forty miles south of Ocilla. My mother was born up in Ben Hill county at Ashton
Interviewer:  #1 What was the name of that again? #
185:  #2 Ben Hill #
Interviewer:  #1 Could you spell that for me? #
185:  #2 B-E-N # space H-I-L-L. Named after Benjamin Hill. Um She was born there in Ashton which is not really a town, it's sort of a community north east of Fitzgerald which is the county seat of Ben Hill county.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  Um her parents were school teachers and that's where they were teaching the year she was born.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} Any idea how how old your father is?
185:  Yeah, my father will be sixty-one in April.
Interviewer:  And your mother
185:  And my mother will be fifty-four in April.
Interviewer:  {NS} What does your father do for a living?
185:  My father works for the post office he's a rural mail carrier.
Interviewer:  And your mother?
185:  And my mother is a college librarian. Right now she's working on a P-H-D. She's finishing up comps this week.
Interviewer:  Where is that?
185:  She's at Where does she teach or where is she getting her doc- where's she doing her work?
Interviewer:  You can tell me both.
185:  Okay. She um She works at Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College A-BAC (C: pronounced A-Bac} in Tifton. And she's doing her graduate work at Florida State in Tallahassee. {NW} {NW}
Interviewer:  So uh Where where did she get her uh undergrad?
185:  She did her undergraduate work at um Georgia State College for Women which is now Georgia College and is in Milledgeville and she got a Master's degree in library science Florida State {NW} {NS}
Interviewer:  What about your father?
185:  My father graduated from high school in Ocilla {NS} {NS}
Interviewer:  What about uh are your grandparents uh still living?
185:  Um three of them are. Both of my mother's parents and my father's mother is living.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And They're all in their eighties. My mother's parents, my maternal grandparents were schoolteachers and they farm and they live seven miles west of Ocilla. {NS} My paternal grandmother is still living and she was a seamstress and my paternal grandfather is dead and he ran a grocery store.
Interviewer:  Do you have any idea where your grandfather on your mother's side was born?
185:  Yeah He was born outside Gatlinburg Tennessee At a place known as Webb's Creek {NS}
Interviewer:  That's a little uh
185:  It's a it's a community. There's a Methodist church there that my great grandfather started.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  It was on his farm. And that's where he was born, he was born at Webb's Creek. {NS}
Interviewer:  Where where is Webb's Creek in relation to #1 {X} #
185:  #2 Okay it's # about seven miles east of Gatlinburg going towards Crosby. And there's it's a little dirt road there's bushes all around it and a little sign that says Webb's Creek Methodist Church. And if you don't remember that's where you're supposed to turn you're going to miss it.
Interviewer:  {NW} #1 Could always go down to the boonies down there
{X}
Yeah #
185:  #2 Yeah. Yeah. # and there's the creek there it's there's you know, bottom land along the creek
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and um the house was on the right-hand side of the creek and the church was on the left-hand side of the creek and they had a schoolhouse. But behind the church which is no longer there. And um the house is no longer there, the government bought bought the whole farm in the thirties for part of the national park. And um never used it
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and the family was unable to buy it back when the government did sell it.
Interviewer:  You mentioned bottom land there Y- w-what do you mean by that?
185:  What, bottom land? It's flat land along a creek. On each side of a creek, it's very fertile land.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  It's flat land, it's about nearly flat land you'll find
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  in mountains
Interviewer:  Yeah Well uh your grandfather your maternal grandfather w-w- any idea of his schooling? #1 uh {X} #
185:  #2 Yeah # He um got a high school education got some college at a now-defunct college, Murphy College, finished up his B.A. at Georgia sometime probably in the twenties or thirties and then got a Master's from Georgia {NS} in around forty-six {NS} And my grandmother {NS} has {NS} {NS} I don't think she ever really finished high school, I know she's got about nine or ten years of high school and then {NW} {NS} I'm not sure she has a B.A. or not I know that she has either two or three years of college um she may have a B.A., I don't know. {NS}
Interviewer:  You could uh You could go to college without having graduated from #1 high school, is that it? #
185:  #2 Yeah # yeah. {NS}
Interviewer:  Do you do you have any what college uh uh she might've gone to?
185:  She did um some work at A-BAC, which was then Georgia State College for Men.
Interviewer:  At A-BAC?
185:  #1 A-BAC. A-B-A-C. Capitals. #
Interviewer:  #2 How do you spell that? #
185:  #1 It's Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College. #
Interviewer:  #2 Ooh {X} #
185:  It's in Tifton. Then it was Georgia State College for Men and changed names after that to I think, maybe um Georgia Agricultural and Mechanical. I'm not sure. She did some there and she may've and she did some work at University of Georgia and some work at University of Tennessee in Knoxville.
Interviewer:  {X} W-where did she study? Have any idea?
185:  #1 I have no idea. #
Interviewer:  #2 Major or anything? #
185:  I have no idea.
Interviewer:  Grandfather? #1 Do you know {X} #
185:  #2 Um he has a Master's in Education # {NS} I'm not sure what his what his B.A. is in
Interviewer:  Yeah, you said with the schoolteacher.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Gotcha.
185:  He taught math. So a B.A. maybe in math. {NS}
Interviewer:  This uh Murphy College w- whereabouts is that?
185:  It's in Tennessee. It's um not too far from i-it was not too far from Gatlinburg.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And I think it's been {NS} defunct for for many years now, they had a Murphy College reunion the summer that my fa- that my grandfather- that both grandparents went to. And um I think maybe that the last graduating class was about '27.
Interviewer:  Mm. {X} What about uh You wanna say something?
185:  No
Interviewer:  {NW} Okay. What about uh where your grandmother uh on your mother's side was born?
185:  She was born {NS} outside Mystic, Georgia in Irwin County.
Interviewer:  And you sp- you spell that how?
185:  M-Y-S T-I-C. Same way you spell Mystic, Connecticut.
Interviewer:  {NW} okay All right {NW} Well what about uh your other grandfather? Do you know where he was born?
185:  Yeah, he was born um in Irwin County right at the county line in a community called Gladys.
Interviewer:  Gladys?
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  It's like the
185:  G-L-A-D-Y-S yeah {NS} There's some there better than that.
Interviewer:  Like what?
185:  Well there's Arp
Interviewer:  #1 Arp? #
185:  #2 A-R-P #
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  And there's Abba A-B-B-A. Arp is on one side of the road and Abba's on the other side.
Interviewer:  {NW} Okay
185:  There's Lax.
Interviewer:  What?
185:  Lax L-A-X. There's Osier Field O-S-I-E-R F-I-E-L-D There's Holt Um Those are basically little communities, then there's Big Creek and River Bend.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  River Bend is a community on the bend of the Alapaha River.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  It's not really a a town, it's just sort of like well, there's a Baptist church there, River Bend Baptist Church, and there're a lot of farms and around it and the people consider themselves the River Bend Community.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  And um That's about all. There's Bethlehem.
Interviewer:  Bethlehem.
185:  Yeah a lot of these are around are located around churches.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  It's sort of like everyone went to church at that at Bethlehem and so that's now the Bethlehem community.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  They consider it consider it to be that.
Interviewer:  Yeah. That's very good. Got a huge place still like that in Alabama too. Slap out.
185:  Right.
Interviewer:  But Two Egg is in Alabama?
185:  #1 No, Two Egg's in Florida. #
Interviewer:  #2 Florida. #
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Well what about uh your grandfather's schooling? uh
185:  Um I don't know He's been, he's been dead since since nineteen sixty-one And I don't I don't really know.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  And my paternal grandmother has a high school education.
Interviewer:  Do you know where she went to school?
185:  Um somewhere out in the county in Berrien County.
Interviewer:  #1 What is the? #
185:  #2 Berrien. #
Interviewer:  #1 Berrien? #
185:  #2 B-E-R-R-I-E-N # Which is south of Ocilla. It's the county immediately south of Irwin county. And um She was she's from Berrien County.
Interviewer:  Mm You're not married, are you?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay so I don't have to ask you all this
185:  No
Interviewer:  {NW} W-where do you uh how many houses um have you lived in?
185:  I've lived in two. One th-that I lived in till I was about eighteen months old And then the one where we live now.
Interviewer:  Do you remember anything at all about the first one?
185:  Um no but I know It's still there
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  And um I don't remember anything about it, there was a picnic table in the backyard
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  and I remember that.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  And I remember going to some of the neighbors' houses. {NS} But as far as anything about the house itself I don't.
Interviewer:  Don't remember the type of construction or uh?
185:  Well it's um it's wooden construction with asbestos siding. But I don't I don't know that from having lived there, I know that because it's still there and I've seen it.
Interviewer:  Mm Do you remember the the layout of the room?
185:  No
Interviewer:  {X} What about the house that you're in now? What uh what's it like?
185:  It's um Ranch style It's um wooden siding and #1 you w- you want the layout or what? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah I'll tell you what # {X} if you don't mind um right here on the the back of the sheet if you could just uh maybe just a very rough block sketch
185:  #1 Okay #
Interviewer:  #2 of the house # uh showing me the the layout of the different rooms and you know, describing it as you going along.
185:  #1 Okay #
Interviewer:  #2 Appreciate it. # {NS} {NS} Yeah Yeah, go ahead and uh
185:  Okay well there's in the middle of the house there's an entryway. then going from there on your left there's a living room which leads into a dining room and from the dining room on the other side of the dining room wall there's the carport there're two doors going from the dining room out into a hall the back side
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  the hall opens onto a playroom and also onto a utility room and it goes into the kitchen yeah Um the kitchen opens on into the dining area and then there's a hall leading from the dining area down to the bedroom {NS} {NS} And {NS} they're full bedrooms. {NS} There's the guest bedroom which is next to the entryway and it has a bath. And it opens into the hall The same long hall that goes down to the bedroom
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  There's my brother's bedroom And connecting bath with it to my bedroom {NS} which is all the way at the end of the house. {NS} Um the hall ends after it opens into my bedroom and there's doors into my bedroom and into my m- into my parents' bedroom {NS} and then their bath separate. And then their closet's between my bedroom bedroom and my parents'
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  bedroom {NS} And {NS} let's see the playroom has a fireplace {NS} And {NS} I believe that's {NS} Yeah, that pretty well takes care of
Interviewer:  So the house has about how many #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NS} #
185:  There Let's see. {NS} Counting the bedrooms and the bath there're thirteen rooms. Oh, and it has a back porch on it. {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  And there's a door going from the playroom to the back porch which I {NS} don't show because I've drawn it wrong.
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  Mm. {NS} Yeah. {NS} {NW}
Interviewer:  Where where're you living um what are you {X}
185:  I'm in Gilbert which is {NS} one of Emory's two co-ed dorms which the board of trustees likes to keep silent about
Interviewer:  {NW} {NS}
185:  Do you want a sketch of that room too?
Interviewer:  Mm {NS} {NS} {X} {X}
185:  Okay
Interviewer:  Artifacts there
185:  Okay Well the room in Gilbert is basically an efficiency it's um a big room with two windows {NS}
Interviewer:  It does have windows?
185:  It does have windows, yes. Opens onto a beautiful view of the Georgia Power substation
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  Um there's a kitchen closet which isn't big enough for anything and a bathroom. And there are two people to the room. {NS}
Interviewer:  Thank you. {NS}
185:  Can't {NS} get {NS} everything? {NS}
Interviewer:  Yeah {NS}
185:  Okay {NS}
Interviewer:  Y-y-you were going back uh to your uh your grandparents the one from uh do you wanna explain that about {X}
185:  Okay. How they got from Ben Hill county down to Ocilla and up from Lakeland in Berrien county Okay. My grandparents my maternal grandparents, were schoolteachers and it was back in the thirties and jobs were very very difficult to find a schoolteacher then as now they will teach as if they were jobs so that you had to have be be able to move a-and be ready to move to where there were jobs. They taught at Ashton, which was up in Ben Hill county, where my mother was born, for several years. Then a job two jobs opened up in Holt {NS} which is about seven miles west of Ocilla on Georgia thirty-two going to Douglas. This was back before there was a consolidated school system and every little area of the county had its own school. Job opened up in Holt and they moved there and taught there. Then I don't know why but for some reason they moved to Mystic. They owned a house in Mystic, and I'm pretty sure that they owned it at this time. And they kept wanting to get back to Mystic, and so since they had the house there and they moved jobs opened up in Mystic and they moved back to Mystic. And um {NS} they taught there. My grandfather taught math and was later the principle of the school. And m-my grandmother taught also there.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  And then my father was born in Lakeland {NS} And which is in Lanier county. And I'm not really sure why but moved back to moved up to Ocilla. But um I think I-I think my grandfather changed jobs that um I think he was maybe farming down in Lakeland. {NS} And um I think the job opened up that he was able to get into get into the store in Ocilla and so he moved up to Ocilla to do that.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  And that's how they got to Ocilla.
Interviewer:  Mm Now y-your grandfather on your father's side he's born in uh
185:  He was born in in Irwin county.
Interviewer:  In Irwin county. Specifically uh
185:  Um somewhere oh eighteen ninety, eighteen ninety-five
Interviewer:  #1 I mean well yeah location. #
185:  #2 Oh. In Gladys. #
Interviewer:  In Gladys.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Yeah right, both of your grandparents from Gladys. {NS} Can you uh {NS}
185:  No not both of my grandparents were from Gladys my maternal grandmother was born in Berrien county. Gladys is in Irwin county.
Interviewer:  #1 I #
185:  #2 Oh, I haven't made I haven't made this clear, I'm sorry. # But she was born in Berrien county south of Nashville.
Interviewer:  All right.
185:  That's where their farm was and she was a Rowan.
Interviewer:  A what?
185:  #1 Rowan. R-O-W-A-N. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Gotcha {NS} Do you know anything about uh earlier ancestors, great-grandparents, or anything like that?
185:  Um {NS} let's do maternal side.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  Um My paternal grandfather's parents were Joseph Shultz S-H-U-L-T-Z and Mary Mcmahan M-C M-A-H-A-N. And they lived up at Webb's Creek. He was the one he was a farmer and a Methodist minister and he is the one who built the Methodist church at Webb's Creek. #1 As- #
Interviewer:  #2 Say well o you know if they were born there or? #
185:  I have no idea. Um {NS} My {NS} my maternal grandfa- grandmother's parents {NS} were T-J Poole and Emma Smith.
Interviewer:  And that's P-double-O-L?
185:  P-double-O-L-E. {NS} {NW} And I th- I don't know where my great-grandfather Poole was born but my great-grandmother Smith was from Mississippi
Interviewer:  And then what about {X}
185:  No idea. But her brother was also in Irwin county. Um he was called {D: Doc Wheelus} He was, he-h-he was an undertaker.
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  And he used to um travel around from house to house and embalm people in the houses.
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  But see, there weren't any funeral homes then. And um {NS} so that the undertaker went from where the dead person well if it was at the hospital he'd go to the hospital and embalm 'em there. But if it was at the house, he'd go to the house and embalm 'em there. And um {NS} I don't know what it is about caskets, I guess they made 'em. But um their dead person would be on display #1 It's crazy {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # {NS} {NS} {NW} Yeah {NS}
185:  But they'd be um #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
185:  {NS} Anyway they'd be in they-they'd be in their house so as there were no funeral homes for people to go to, there weren't funeral homes until sometime in the forties and then all they had was like a viewing parlor.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  And Um Only recently at least in Ocilla, had you had a funeral home with like a chapel and several parlors and nice, soft, piped-in
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  Muzak
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  And um and that but um #1 that that's what he did. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah # What can you uh
185:  And {NS} you wanted to know about my paternal grandparents great-grandparents okay My paternal grandmother's father {NS} was Jasper Rowan. And I don't know who her mother was. She died in a typhoid epidemic sometime in the eighteen-nineties eighteen-nineties, early 1900s. And then he remarried and his last wife is still living. Um but I can't think of her name now. But um and then as far as my paternal grandfather I don't know who his parents were. {NS}
Interviewer:  Do you have any idea where they were from?
185:  Yeah, they they were from Irwin county.
Interviewer:  That's where they were from?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  I'm I'm pretty sure of that because of most of the Hendersons in Irwin county are from Irwin county originally.
Interviewer:  Mm. {NS} Do you know anything about the uh you know the ultimate origins of uh
185:  Yeah. Um The Shultzes came down to Tennessee from Virginia. And they came over to Virgina around seventy ninety. Sometime in the seventeen nineties. The McMahans I don't know about.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  The Pooles I don't know about. The Smiths I don't know about. {NW} The Hendersons the original Henderson um Daniel came down to Irwin county from North Carolina around {NW} eighteen twenty, eighteen thirty. Sometime in that era sometime in that period. Um {NS} The Rowans came down to Berrien county from North Carolina around the eighteen fifties because, well one reason that area of the state was settled late is that they thought it was all a malaria swamp. {NS} And um although Irwin county is very old and was formed in 1818.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  it originally stretched from the Ocmulgee River around Macon down to the Florida line. {NS} Um The particular area where it is now was thought to be malaria swamp.
Interviewer:  W-what stock uh family is it English or?
185:  It's um English, Scotch-Irish. And there's some German blood flowing around.
Interviewer:  Yeah, yeah. {NS} {NS} You mentioned a little bit you were talking about uh uh the house that you that you live in now the the uh uh um W-what do you w-what would you call the uh the guest room in the house where you might entertain uh company? uh
185:  Um #1 the playroom or the living room, one or the other. It depends on um #
Interviewer:  #2 The living room #
185:  if it's more formal entertaining
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  then we'd be in the living room.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  If it's um {NS} more casual type in the playroom usually what happens is that we start out in the living room and everyone gravitates down toward the playroom
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  and sometimes we'll just start out in the in the playroom.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  It all depends.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Have you ever heard the living room called anything else besides that?
185:  #1 Well it used to be called a parlor. Many many years ago. #
Interviewer:  #2 A parlor #
185:  The front room. {NS}
Interviewer:  The front room. What sort of person would be likely to call it the the parlor or the front room?
185:  #1 An older person. A much older person um #
Interviewer:  #2 Older person #
185:  {NS} My grandparents' generation
Interviewer:  Mm You ever heard it called uh the sitting room or?
185:  Oh yeah, I've heard it called the sitting room.
Interviewer:  Mm #1 That would be something again that an older person would be likely to call it. #
185:  #2 Yeah #
Interviewer:  Yeah Is this house that you're living in now one of these uh high ceiling {X}
185:  No no no, it's um it was built in the nineteen fifties.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  and they remodeled it around nineteen seventy.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  So it's, it has it has lowered ceilings
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  it has low ceilings, not low ceilings standard height ceilings.
Interviewer:  How how high would you say that is real quick?
185:  That're eight feet.
Interviewer:  Eight feet.
185:  And um {NS} The playroom has an arch ceiling with beams
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  but that's just for decoration.
Interviewer:  Mm. Gotcha. And you mentioned you had a fireplace in this house.
185:  Yes.
Interviewer:  What is that like?
185:  It's um {D: raised harp} it's um three flues it's your standard fireplace.
Interviewer:  Three flues?
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  What do you mean by that?
185:  Okay, flue is flue is what carries the smoke {NS} up from the fireplace from where you had the fire up out of your house.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  And in older fireplaces all you had was like the open space. They'd just build up a rectangular chimney.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm {NS}
185:  And that would be that would be your flue but you now get terra cotta flue lines which are about six inch square and you put them in because electric chimney's safer. #1 It's less of a fire hazard #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  with soot and everything building up and you use those now instead of having just one open space They're um three terra cotta flue three rows of terra cotta flue liners taking the that carry the smoke up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh uh that's great. Well is there anything #1 uh right above your fireplace? or #
185:  #2 Yeah we have a mantle. #
Interviewer:  Yeah Ever heard that called uh {X}?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  You know like uh mantle board or mantle piece? uh
185:  Mantle piece, yeah.
Interviewer:  You mean the same thing?
185:  Means the same thing {X}
Interviewer:  You mentioned uh uh {D: attending} if say you had you know a lot of these tall things like you see uh in factories at uh the smoke
185:  The smokestack?
Interviewer:  You call that a smokestack?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Well what about these uh these uh uh big pieces of wood that you #1 you burn in a fire. What would you call that? #
185:  #2 Logs. Logs. #
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard people call that by any other name?
185:  I can't think of any.
Interviewer:  Like uh backlog, a back stick uh #1 {X} #
185:  #2 No # No none of those.
Interviewer:  Well what about the way that you use tinfoil #1 to start a fire, the type of #
185:  #2 Kindling #
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  Also fat lightered.
Interviewer:  Fat lightered.
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Yeah Mm-hmm
185:  A good fat lighter, {D: strong fat lighted not.}
Interviewer:  Yeah in particular the kind of wood that uh that'll be
185:  Is pine Yeah um what Athens is is that Um they cut down the pine tree for lumber whatever and leave the stump in the ground well it's got a lot of {D: laws} in it And over the years it solidifies and hardens and it um it it's it lights up immediately if you stick a match to it to a splinter and it catches fire. and almost every farm has them and um {NS} And then my grandfather has some and um periodically they'll be cleaning out a field back in the swamps somewhere And they'll bring some up to the house to um make kindling out of {NS}
Interviewer:  Well what about uh you know when the the wood burns down what you have left uh you call those
185:  Ashes
Interviewer:  What color are the {X}
185:  Um black and then they turn white {NS}
Interviewer:  Does it make any difference uh with the color varying according to the type of wood that you burn in the fire place, have you had any idea?
185:  I had no idea it might, I don't know.
Interviewer:  Just not sure about that. Well what about you talking about uh the log {NS} you know uh those things inside the fireplace that you place those things across?
185:  Andirons. I've also heard them called fire dogs.
Interviewer:  Fire dogs
185:  My grandmother would {D: flush} them as fire dogs.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  They still have um a fire place in their kitchen that they used to eat with in there and um she always and my grandfather both always referred to 'em as fire dogs. {NS}
Interviewer:  Ever heard 'em called dog irons?
185:  No. {NS}
Interviewer:  Well what about some of the uh {NS} the uh typical things that you would have in your living room that you might not have anywhere else in the house? You know, for example
185:  Well
Interviewer:  #1 the sofa #
185:  #2 the sofa #
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  well we've got a sofa in the playroom {NW} So
Interviewer:  #1 Have you ever heard that referred to #
185:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 uh #
185:  #2 {NW} # As a settee?
Interviewer:  As a settee
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Is that another old uh
185:  Yeah well a settee is is somewhat different from a sofa. Usually you think of a sofa as being upholstered. And um a settee is usually high, bed-high-backed tends to be uncomfortable um and is generally somewhat different from a sofa.
Interviewer:  Mm And is that uh pair and they call it a a couch or your Davenport or
185:  I'd probably refer to it as a couch
Interviewer:  A couch #1 Not a Davenport #
185:  #2 Never a Davenport. #
Interviewer:  Not a Chesterfield?
185:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 No. # {NW} Well uh Any other uh uh things that are distinctive in you know
185:  #1 living room. #
Interviewer:  #2 Living room? #
185:  Pianos tend to be in living rooms Although we have a pipe um a Victorian parlor organ in ours
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  that you have to pump it to build up the air.
Interviewer:  Mm. {NS}
185:  {D: And then} {D: play on it.} Um
Interviewer:  What about these things, you know that you you sit in, like lean back or
185:  A recliner?
Interviewer:  Yes.
185:  Those aren't typically living room furniture.
Interviewer:  I mean what you're {NS} sitting in you call this just {NS}
185:  This is a chair.
Interviewer:  Any different uh special types of chairs for living room or
185:  Well, they're usually very nice, sometimes upholstered usually have upholstery in them.
Interviewer:  Well that's good. What about uh things that you would find in your bedroom? uh Specifically.
185:  A bed. A chest of drawers.
Interviewer:  Now what is #1 what is that? Could you describe that to me? Mm-hmm. #
185:  #2 A chest of drawers? # um It's the same thing as a dresser.
Interviewer:  #1 The same thing as a dresser #
185:  #2 Well # sort of. Usually you think of it well {NS} The dressers you see now are usually low with a and have a big mirror over them
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and a chest of drawers is usually higher than a dresser
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  narrower and will have um more drawers than than a dresser. A dresser usually has say three drawers. A chest of drawers will have four or five.
Interviewer:  Mm These are uh chest of drawers though entirely
185:  #1 Entirely drawers. Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 Entirely drawers, yeah. # Are they usually all the same size?
185:  Sometimes they are, sometimes you'll have the top drawer will be two smaller drawers
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  separate in the middle and then you would start with um solid drawers of the same size under.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about the dresser? Did the the size of the door vary there or?
185:  Sometimes. Sometimes you'll have two big drawers, a middle drawer and a bottom drawer. And then you'll have smaller drawers two individual drawers the top, that pull out.
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. So they differ uh in that the dresser does have a mirror and a chest of drawers does not.
185:  Well sometimes a chest of drawers does.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Um My gran- my father has a chest of drawers in their bedroom that has a mirror on top. {NS}
Interviewer:  I see. Well uh can you think of uh any other names for uh those two?
185:  Well you you have washstands
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  which are low usually with one or two drawers like sort of a big drawer and then two small drawers. Um {NS} a top flat top and then a mirror
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  on top of it which is- u-usually attaches to a wooden frame at the top of that and that's what they used to keep um wash pitchers and basins on.
Interviewer:  Mm. {X} Well have you ever heard a chest of drawers or a dresser referred to as either a chifforobe or a chiffonier? Something like that?
185:  {NW} {NS}
Interviewer:  Which one?
185:  Um chifforobe.
Interviewer:  Chifforobe. And that was the same thing as
185:  Well it's not really the same thing. Chifforobe is more like a wardrobe-type thing.
Interviewer:  A wardrobe, what do you mean by that?
185:  Okay. A wardrobe, back before we had closets, you had wardrobes keep your clothes in. Um a wardrobe two big doors sort of like an armoire type only you'd open up the doors and instead of being drawers open there you would have a space to hang your clothes in and you might have say a shorter hanging space on the right-hand side than on the left-hand side and a few drawers there. Then you had maybe a drawer at the bottom.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  That would either be inside the door or you would it would be outside the door.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {X} Well what about uh all these things that we've been talking about uh like chairs and and beds and uh chest of drawers, that sort of thing. Collectively you'd say that's all
185:  #1 Furniture. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Say uh uh the uh you know, things that uh that uh keep out light that you put over the windows, you refer to those as
185:  Curtains. Draperies. Um drapes. We also have Venetian blinds.
Interviewer:  Oh what is that?
185:  Venetian blind is um it's they're either sometimes they're wooden although usually now, they're metal or plastic little slats
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  they have cords going down at each end they're bound at the bottom and at the top and you pull a cord and they raise and lower
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  horizont- up and down. And you can pull other two cords and they'll either open or close to let light in or out.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm fascinating. Well have you ever seen these things that uh they're on rollers you know and you can {X}
Interviewer 2:  {X} Okay, go ahead, this is going on. {NS} And by the way I, when we finish this if you have time uh we'll we'll I-I do want to give you a chance to I don't want to make speeches but I would like you to to to raise questions you have and I don't think we should ever interrupt the {D: correspondent} {NS} Yeah, go ahead.
Interviewer:  Yeah, the tape ran out when you were talking about uh drapes and all that but go ahead and tell me about uh your grandparents, you mentioned you remembered something.
185:  Okay, I remember my great-grandparents {NS} the Hendersons Um He his he was {B} Henderson And {B} {D: as felt} as in the Battle of Manassas. And his wife was um {NW} {X} {B} Harper. And her great-grandfather came over from Holland
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  and settled in Irwin County.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  So I-I remembered them.
Interviewer:  Yeah, good.
185:  And something that I didn't give you {NS} I would tell you were my grandparents' names. {NS} My maternal grandparents are {B} A-R-L-I-E and {B} L-E-E. Um my paternal grandparents are {NS} {B} and {B}
Interviewer:  {X} You you wouldn't happen to know the story behind that would you?
185:  Um maybe Arizona was made a state around the same time she was born, I don't know. But Texas was not an uncommon name for women then because there was a woman who lived up the street from me who died several years ago and she was named Texas.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  But as far as Arizona, I've never heard anybody else named Arizona.
Interviewer:  You call her Tex for short? {NS}
185:  Um Miss Tex {NS}
Interviewer:  Miss Tex? {NS} {NS}
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  That's right, yeah {NS} Yeah Okay, good. uh I see. Yeah, I was asking yeah when the tape ran out about these things uh on rollers #1 some people had it with one of this you know that you can pull down and keep out the light that way #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  and uh I don't believe you recognize that.
185:  Well we've always called them blinds.
Interviewer:  You call those blinds?
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  I see
185:  You have Venetian blinds, then you have the rolling blinds
Interviewer:  Hmm
185:  Then you'd pull up and down
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard the #1 this roller affair uh referred to as shade? #
185:  #2 {NW} # #1 Yeah. Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah? # Okay. I see. {NS} What about uh you know some people in their houses uh of the place right underneath uh the top of the house uh what you might use for
185:  The attic
Interviewer:  Yeah {NS} yeah, ever heard that called anything besides that?
185:  Well Um Sometimes it's referred to as the loft.
Interviewer:  The loft?
185:  But usually when you have well, my grandparents' house had a loft and the one where they live now
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  but um it's since been made into the second floor so that the attic is now different from the loft and they no longer have a loft.
Interviewer:  Mm. Mm. Well is there an attic in your house?
185:  Yeah, we have an attic, it's um it's a very sort of a small attic, just between the ceiling and the top of the roof.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm, I see. Well you use it or anything?
185:  Yeah, we um for storage basically. We put um lumber down across the um the two-by-sixes that are um the ceiling {D: joints} and we use that for storage.
Interviewer:  Use that for storage.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  I see. Well talking about storage uh w-what type what type of things would you uh would you put in your attic? uh
185:  Luggage that you don't use everyday um a lot of people keep Christmas decorations up there. We don't, we have those in a closet. Um old toys that we don't use um we have some leftover lumber that we keep up, there's some leftover paneling
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  Um sometimes we don't keep clothes up there, we keep those in in closets um basically things that you don't use use a whole lot.
Interviewer:  Well w-what do you call in general things that you don't use, things that are maybe broken down not good for anything, you know, but you just can't bear to thrown them away. You'd say you have a lot of old-
185:  Junk.
Interviewer:  Yeah. {NS} Have you ever heard of uh {NS} might you keep junk in the attic?
185:  Well Yeah {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm {NS} Have you ever heard of people who set aside uh a separate room in the house where they where they kept all this old
185:  A storage room?
Interviewer:  Storage room
185:  Yeah. And sometimes you have a storage house which is a separate detached building from your house, we have one of those too.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  And um old magazines that you don't want don't want to get rid of, you throw them out there um old furniture, maybe
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  Um You sometimes you keep your yard equipment out in there, your tools
Interviewer:  Mm You ever heard uh mention storage room uh have you called that anything else or have you heard?
185:  Well {NS} my grandparents on the farm used the old smokehouse as a storage house and it's still referred to as the smokehouse. They have um an old, they have a packhouse
Interviewer:  Packhouse?
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  What is that?
185:  Um it's a storage building that um they just use for storage and it's it's always been referred to as the packhouse they keep farm equipment in there that they're not using um they keep some things that they no longer use from the house out there but usual- usually they keep most of that stuff in the smokehouse.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  #1 And then you #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} Go ahead #
185:  And also they have a pump house which is a little house built around a pump for the well um they use that for storage and also it it keeps the um the pump from freezing. And it k- it it protects the um machinery.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  #1 The pump #
Interviewer:  #2 Yes. # Now that packhouse, is that a term that's in general circulation or have you just heard your your grandparents use that?
185:  I think it's probably in general circulation. Sometimes, instead of a packhouse um it'll be an old tenant house that's used for storage and it'll be referred to as an old tenant house. But it was specifically an old tenant farm house in that case. This is just a windowless building it's probably about twenty feet wide, about thirty feet long {NW} with wooden siding and two big doors.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  And um {NS} and a roof on it and um I've al- it's always been referred to as a packhouse.
Interviewer:  I see. {NS} Storage room uh what about jock room? #1 You ever call it that? #
185:  #2 Yeah, yeah. {NS} # Sometimes we call it the junk room {NS} {NS}
Interviewer:  Well you {NS} I mean again in talking about your house uh the kitchen. Have you ever seen a house uh in which the kitchen was uh not a part of the main house itself but it was built? #1 What- #
185:  #2 It's a detached kitchen. #
Interviewer:  That's that's what it's called?
185:  #1 Yeah a detached kitchen #
Interviewer:  #2 A detached kitchen. #
185:  There's a house out in the county that we saw this summer {NS} it's an old old-style farmhouse you don't see many of them anymore, it's a dogtrot house.
Interviewer:  #1 Dogtrot house? Now what do you mean by that? #
185:  #2 Yeah # Okay it's got a front room on the right-hand side and a front room on the left-hand side that's two rooms deep. {NS} Um there's a big open hallway in between them. It runs down the middle of the house. Um there's a cross hall at the end of no excuse me, there are two rooms on each side. At the end of these two rooms there's a cross hall So it forms {NS} that part forms a "T". The cross hall is say ten twelve feet wide. At the end of that cross hall on the right-hand side is the kitchen. Um and it has a porch around it a well and a wash basin on the edge of the porch. That's a detached kitchen. I've also seen it where it's further off from the house than just that twelve feet. Say about twenty, twenty feet.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  But it's usually connected by a porch.
Interviewer:  Mm. Mm. Do you have any idea why that was done?
185:  One reason um and then sometimes well although not in these cases the um kitchen was in a separate building from the house. I know that it's been said that that was done although I haven't seen any of those at home
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  That that was for um for safety purposes um why the kitchen was separated from the house I'm not really sure.
Interviewer:  Yeah, yeah, I've heard that uh bit about for safety purpose and and possibly you know the the heat
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  in the summertime something like that.
185:  Well it's real cool cause these old dogtrot houses
Interviewer:  Mm Dogtrot house, have you any other uh uh distinctive styles of house like that that come to mind immediately? uh I had in mind a a type of house uh the rooms uh being arranged in such a manner that if you opened the doors to each one of them you'd be able to see straight through #1 out the back of the house like that. You ever seen anything like that or? #
185:  #2 Mm-mm. #
Interviewer:  What about a shotgun house? You heard of that?
185:  No
Interviewer:  Haven't heard of shotgun. Well talk about the kitchen. Have you ever heard of uh having maybe a a room right off of the kitchen #1 uh in which uh a woman would keep extra dishes or ca- #
185:  #2 A pantry #
Interviewer:  #1 Call that a pantry? #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  You ever heard that called anything besides that?
185:  Um I've heard of a room off from the kitchen referred to as a keeping room
Interviewer:  Keeping room
185:  But I'm not sure if it had dishes and things like that in it.
Interviewer:  Any idea at all what might've uh
185:  I think you probably put I think they #1 they obviously kept something in it. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah {NW} #
185:  But but as far as as as if it was say canned food that they'd put up over the summer {NS} whether it was that or say when they got through with like lunch {NS} and {NS} leftover food that they were keeping for supper whether they'd put it in there I don't know.
Interviewer:  Yeah I see. I'll ask you about uh uh a particular expression, say you know when a a woman gets up in the morning she might move around the house and uh kind of uh maybe she might pick up something here or straighten something here or you know #1 dust a little something there, what would you say she's doing? She's uh #
185:  #2 She's tidying up. #
Interviewer:  Tidying up. Ever heard anything else uh anybody use anything else besides
185:  #1 Picking up, straightening up #
Interviewer:  #2 Picking up? # Mm. Uh cleaning the house? uh
185:  #1 Yeah cleaning the house. Cleaning. #
Interviewer:  #2 All mean the same thing. #
185:  Well cleaning the house is usually um involves a lot more work than just straightening up. Usually straightening up then you just were like shift some papers here pick up, straighten up and cleaning the house is um you get out the vacuum cleaner, the broom, you mop, you vacuum, you sweep, you dust
Interviewer:  Yeah, yeah. You mentioned uh mentioned using a broom. Have you ever seen a uh #1 something like a broom but not with a wooden handle? #
185:  #2 A brush broom? #
Interviewer:  Now what's that?
185:  Okay well a b- a brush broom what what it is it's um a hand-made broom and they grow broom straw or broom sage grows at home. And you can um take these straws, there's a woman down there in her eighties who still makes these
Interviewer:  Where is it?
185:  In Ocilla. Out in the county. And um you cut 'em and so that you've got a good broom it's like nothing you buy in the grocery store it's it's what we call broom-straw.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And you get 'em all together about say about three, four inches around tie that with st- with twine with string and you bind it and you can use that and that's what everybody used before your had brooms you bought in the grocery store.
Interviewer:  Mm. And you say those are still available?
185:  Yeah they're still available, there's a woman who who still makes 'em. People just basically use 'em for decorative purposes and I always thought they were used just like they they looked good besides beside a fireplace.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  But we got one this summer for some friends of ours from Ocilla who now live out in New Mexico.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And Daddy came home with it and I decided I'd see how well it swept. And so I swept up #1 part of the carport with it. It works really well. It works really well. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Your mother has one now?
185:  Um yeah. It's just for decoration. There's that and then um you can take um gallberry bushes
Interviewer:  What now?
185:  Gallberry bushes. G-A-L-L B-E-R-R-Y, they're they have gallberries.
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  Um #1 They um #
Interviewer:  #2 Makes sense #
185:  #1 Yes. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
185:  They grow down in creek bottom lands at home and it's sort of marshy and swampy down there. And they grow there and you can take these when they get pretty high and cut 'em and people used to use those to sweep the yard with. Back before there were lawnmowers people didn't have grass in their yard, they had shrubbery and then picket fences but no grass. To have grass in your yard was a sign that you were a sorry person.
Interviewer:  {NW} {NS} Are those gallberries edible?
185:  I don't know We've never eaten 'em.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  I think so because um {NS} animals eat 'em.
Interviewer:  Mm. {NS} I see. You me- you you mentioned um picket fence. What what sort of fence is that? Where would you find that?
185:  A picket fence you'd find around a house. It's wooden and it's got, well each little slat in the fence that goes up and down in the fence is a picket. And they're usually triangular-shaped on top. It's straightforward and then they've made sort of a triangle, a point at the top
Interviewer:  Be about how high?
185:  Usually about three feet maybe.
Interviewer:  Yeah, three feet. Are they uh functional or is it just uh decorative or
185:  Well functional and decorative. But um if an animal wanted to go through it could.
Interviewer:  Mm. Mm. I see. Well uh one thing I want to ask you about years ago uh used to, women would set aside one particular day you know uh when all the dirty clothes have accumulated you know, they would set aside a day for maybe something they'd know they want to do their
185:  Do the wash
Interviewer:  Do the wash
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Oh and uh is is there any other uh #1 way of putting that that you can think of besides you know do the wash or #
185:  #2 Well. Do the laundry. #
Interviewer:  #1 Do the laundry #
185:  #2 Although # Laundry is more an an a more recent term
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Than wash day.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Because used to with wash day you'd have to go out and heat up your wash pots
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Big cast irons pots you'd have to build fires under them to heat the hot water.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And you'd have a scrub board. And um {NS} a bar of a bar of soap say octagon soap or lye soap, one or the other.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And that's what you'd u- that's how you'd have to wash your clothes.
Interviewer:  Mm. #1 Do you ever see any of those uh big wash pots around any more? #
185:  #2 Yeah. Yeah. # We have some at home. My grandmother still has hers.
Interviewer:  Mm. Well uh you know in order to get uh uh the wrinkles #1 out of your clothes, you have to- Mm. #
185:  #2 You have to iron them. #
Interviewer:  By the way, uh I wa- I was mentioning a particular day when that was done. Do you have any idea which day that might have been when you know, wash day? #1 Not sure #
185:  #2 I haven't. I'm not sure #
Interviewer:  Do you have any idea uh as to whether certain other chores were set aside for uh
185:  #1 Certain days? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah #
185:  #1 I don't know #
Interviewer:  #2 Just not sure about that. # Say uh uh you mentioned that uh that uh your house had a back porch. What about uh uh uh the front part of your house, is there anything uh
185:  There's a little stoop at the entryway, the entry is recessed about three feet
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And then so th-there's a {NS} a stoop and um actually it's recessed about four feet and um that's a concrete slab
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And then there's a a brick stack going up to that that goes all the way across
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. Uh especially in older homes you'll find a place you know in the front where uh you can #1 swing and just sit and #
185:  #2 The front porch. #
Interviewer:  #1 front porch #
185:  #2 That that's more of a # a full length all the way across the house type thing.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  All the way across the front of the house.
Interviewer:  Mm that's good Have you ever heard that uh called by any other name besides just front porch? uh
185:  J- jokingly referred to as the front veranda.
Interviewer:  The front veranda. Yeah. Would uh would an older person be more likely to to call it uh the veranda or? {NS}
185:  I guess so because um usually whenever it's referred to as the front veranda, we're usually out at my grandparents' or at out at my great aunt's. She has a big front porch.
Interviewer:  Mm. Mm I see. Well have you ever heard people call it the the gallery or the piazza? {C: pa??e? z?}
185:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 or anything like that? #
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Well have you ever seen the houses uh which the the front porch extended around you know on on the sides #1 too, it wasn't confined to the front #
185:  #2 Yes. Yes. #
Interviewer:  Eh but that was
185:  That's the side porch.
Interviewer:  Side porch.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  I see. Just that part?
185:  Yeah The front porch is at the front of the house; you have side porches on the side of the house.
Interviewer:  Now did that was that uh separate from the front porch or was it part of it?
185:  Usually just continues around the corner.
Interviewer:  {X} And you referred to the front porch, #1 the side porch, the #
185:  #2 side porch #
Interviewer:  #1 far as you know #
185:  #2 it it all continues #
Interviewer:  #1 yeah #
185:  #2 it all continues #
Interviewer:  Mm I see. Well is it possible to have something like that except uh #1 on on an upper floor? You know on the outside? #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  {NS} #1 Well would that just be #
185:  #2 That's a balcony #
Interviewer:  That would be a balcony Mm-hmm?
185:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
Interviewer:  I see. {NS} Uh are those are these porches that we're talking about usually just open or uh is there any type of uh screen or anything like that?
185:  The ones that I'm most familiar with are um are open. Some people do screened.
Interviewer:  Mm. And then #1 do they call them anything th-- they call them screened-in porches. Got it. #
185:  #2 They're screened-in porches #
Interviewer:  Uh I wanna ask you about this expression. Say if I if I came in uh your living room and and left your front door wide open, you didn't want it to stay that way you'd tell me to
185:  Shut the door.
Interviewer:  Mm. {NS} Is there anything else that you've heard people say #1 I mean besides #
185:  #2 Close the door. #
Interviewer:  Close the door. Do you differentiate between those? Is one uh politer than the other maybe or is one more emphatic or something like that?
185:  I guess it's possible that one is but
Interviewer:  #1 Shut the door, close the door, same things. #
185:  #2 Yeah. Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  Say uh a house that uh uh uh you know on the outside of some of these houses these frame houses the uh there's a kind of uh the the wood, the siding is uh, constructed like that so it kind of overlaps
185:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 in that fashion? #
185:  #1 Uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  #2 Have you ever heard that referred to by any particular # name that
185:  Um yeah it's um it's wooden siding um sometimes it's tongue and groove well it's not really a tongue and groove if it's going that way
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  um #1 it's probably a clapboard styling #
Interviewer:  #2 clapboard #
185:  but I've I can't remember if I've heard any if it's like boards going this way
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  uh vertically with thin boards over where the l- {D: wire} boards lap.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  That's board and batten.
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. The you ever heard the the term weatherboarding?
185:  Yes. Yes.
Interviewer:  Same thing?
185:  Basically yes.
Interviewer:  #1 What I was describing #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
185:  #2 That's weatherboarding. #
Interviewer:  Yeah. Weatherboarding, clapboarding
185:  Usually weatherboarding
Interviewer:  Usually weatherboarding.
185:  My grandparents referred to it as weatherboarding.
Interviewer:  I see. And uh the very top of your house, you refer tha- to that as the
185:  It's the roof.
Interviewer:  Mm yeah. Well talking about the roof uh you know right on the sides some of some houses there are these uh things that uh carry off the rain water
185:  Gutters.
Interviewer:  Call those gutters
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  As far as you know, were those things built in or suspended from uh the side, most of the ones that you've seen?
185:  Usually they're um {NS} they're nailed to the face board. You've got um where your roof comes off you usually have say well, you've got two-by-sixes coming down
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and so you run a board over the end of those two-by-sixes usually a two-by-six and then you cover that, usually with a one inch board, and that's the face board. And usually the gutters are nailed to the face board
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  and then with the down spouts at the end.
Interviewer:  Mm. Well say in a house where you have different slopes of the roof, you know #1 uh a place where #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  two of the two uh slopes meet like that. Have you ever heard that place?
185:  That's a valley.
Interviewer:  That's a valley. I see. Is uh the function the same thing? The
185:  Well the valley um what you have there you have two different sloping roofs meeting and they meet there so that all the water coming from each slope of the roof runs off down there.
Interviewer:  Mm {X} I see. I wanna ask you about uh {NS} {D: a verb} uh say uh when you uh by the way if if uh what i- what is the general term you know for a a motorized vehicle that uh
185:  A car.
Interviewer:  A car. Ever heard it called anything else?
185:  #1 Can't think #
Interviewer:  #2 Just a #
185:  #1 just a car #
Interviewer:  #2 a car uh # automobile
185:  Usually not automobile
Interviewer:  Just car
185:  usually a car.
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. What do you say you do #1 you uh #
185:  #2 You go. You drive. #
Interviewer:  Mm. And the past form of that uh yesterday I-
185:  Drove.
Interviewer:  And then I've-
185:  I have driven. {NS}
Interviewer:  You were talking about uh packhouses and uh {NS} storage houses that sort of thing. Uh oh this is this uh any other any other term for a little uh building a separate building where you might keep #1 tools or #
185:  #2 A shed. #
Interviewer:  A shed. I see. #1 For uh garden equipment. #
185:  #2 Uh-huh #
Interviewer:  #1 Or something like that. #
185:  #2 Yeah. A tool shed. #
Interviewer:  I see. And by the way, you mentioned a uh smokehouse that's uh if you mentioned the particular one that you had in mind was used primarily for storage
185:  #1 Right. #
Interviewer:  #2 What's # #1 what's the primary function of the smokehouse? #
185:  #2 The primary # {NS} function of a smokehouse was to smoke meat. {NS} But years ago when um there was no refrigeration {NS} um farmers would have to um kill hogs {D: and do it} and they'd smoke the meat, the hams, and sausage, and bacon. And um they usual- they always had to kills the hogs {NS} in the fall after it got cold to prevent the meat from spoiling. immediately before they could um get it smoked, get it cured. And they'd hang it up in the smokehouse after they put salt pepper on it maybe sugar although sugar cure is more of a Virginia cure than a south Georgia cure.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Um there would usually be a hole up in the middle of the smokehouse and they'd build there'd be a pit dug in the smokehouse. It wouldn't have a wooden floor in it. Just wooden sides {NS} holes to hang the meat from and a roof with a hole in the middle. And they'd build a small fire down in the pit dug into the dirt {NW} that {NS} wouldn't so much as burn but it'd smolder and u- usually they'd use oak maybe hickory if they had some, hickory, but there's not there's there's not much hickory at home. Usually they'd use oak
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And they'd smoke the meat um I don't know how long but but until until it was to the stage where it would keep
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Well talk about uh buildings like that you know before you had indoor plumbing. Was there a place #1 uh #
185:  #2 The outhouse. #
Interviewer:  Yeah yeah. Ever heard that called anything else?
185:  The outdoor john.
Interviewer:  Outdoor john.
185:  Mm-hmm. The privy.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
185:  #1 That's about all. #
Interviewer:  #2 About it? #
185:  #1 Yeah #
Interviewer:  #2 Think of any less polite terms? # That you might have heard? {NW} That you care to mention {NW} Oh well uh {NW} might as well try. {NW} Well have you ever had to call a two-holer or something like
185:  Oh yeah. A two-holer and a three-holer.
Interviewer:  A three-holer?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I-I two-holer's about the limit.
185:  Well see um {NS}
Interviewer:  Gets crowded and {NW}
185:  Well yeah {C: laughter} but um {NS} what happens is that um {NS} there'd be a smaller hole for a child.
Interviewer:  Hmm. #1 {NW} #
185:  #2 You don't think they'd fall through. #
Interviewer:  That's when they {X} {NW} Yeah. Well what about uh {NS} uh have you ever uh spent any time on a farm?
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Mm could you tell me about some of the different buildings that you would have on a typical farm or
185:  Okay well I've already mentioned the smokehouse the packhouse there'd be a tool shed usually a shed for tractors which would to go under which would be say twelve feet high and the edge maybe fifteen in the middle. Um if it was a big tractor small if it was a smaller tractor corn crib which at my grandfather's farm is made out of logs and has a roof and a floor. and you'd put well when they kept corn in it they kept whole ear corn in it. There's a barn {NS} and um a hay loft which is up above the main section of the barn and where you store your hay {NS}
Interviewer:  Um could you describe that to me?
185:  The barn?
Interviewer:  Sure.
185:  Okay. Um {NS} There's a big center section on the barn that's basically a two story two stories. And the hay loft is the same as your second story. It's um up above the main section where you'd have some animals, although you had smaller rooms on each side of the main section where you could keep animals. {NS} Your hay loft usually has a staircase stairway going up to it. And then basically um about six feet high on the sides and say about ten feet high in the middle. And just a flat wooden floor. There'd be a place in the middle of {NS} a hole where they'd have a cover over it so you could lift it up and close it so you could drop hay down to any animals in the barn.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  And there'd be big openings sort of a sort of door, doorways without doors at each end of the barn so that if you were um wanted to load hay out of the barn onto a wagon or into a truck, you could just stand there and pitch it out.
Interviewer:  I see. You mentioned you mentioned after that a stairway
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  near the barn uh I meant to ask you a minute ago when we were talking about the porch those things that you go up to get from the yard to the porch, you call those the
185:  Steps.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Well what about inside the house? Did you have to go from uh say the first floor to the second, you'd call those the
185:  A staircase or a stairway. {NS} Or just stairs.
Interviewer:  {NW} Well uh uh What uh wh- what is the barn used for uh #1 on your grandparents' {D: farmland} #
185:  #2 Okay. # Um {NS} to keep animals in usually not in bad in say cold weather because it usually doesn't get very cold at home. Um {NS} if an animal is sick {NS} they'll bring it up from out of the field put it into a smaller room on one of the side inside the barn keep it there if um they have a pig a sow that's fixing to give birth they'll keep they kept her there until they built a farrowing house.
Interviewer:  A what?
185:  A farrowing house.
Interviewer:  Now what is that?
185:  Um it's just {NS} a big okay so it's a building about fifteen by about fifty. Maybe twenty by fifty divided up into little stalls little par-partitioned off and it's got a concrete floor and that's where they keep sows that are fixing to give birth. And they after they've given birth they keep them there until {X} little pigs the piglets are big enough to get out into a pa- i- into the pasture with the mother
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  without getting lost.
Interviewer:  Mm that's {X} You mentioned uh a corn crib
185:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 a minute ago. # Was there any other uh place where uh maybe other types of grain were kept besides uh just the corn crib that you can remember?
185:  Well you'd keep some ground grain in paper in not paper sacks in um burlap bags in um in the packhouse. What most farmers do is that they're um in usually in each town there're large grain companies that are owned by say someone in town and they have big corn bins. Um that are round metal say fifty feet high and they keep corn in that.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  They store the farmer's corn and charge him a storage fee and then they'll they'll grind the corn into feed. And that's primarily that's primarily where most farmers keep their grain keep their corn. Although some are put in corn bins out on their farm.
Interviewer:  I see. Well have you have you ever heard of anything called a granary around a farm? {NS}
185:  Not around not as far as south Georgia's concerned
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm I see.
185:  There are some silos on farms but they're usually um used to hold silage which is chopped up you take your corn {NS} it can be green or it can be dried already made and you just grind up the whole thing, stalk, leaf corn cob, grain and all, add a certain amount of water to it put it in the um silo and it ferments a little bit and you um feed it to your cows and they get very happy.
Interviewer:  {NW} Well uh does this silo that you mentioned that's the uh
185:  That's the the the real big one it's usually a couple of hundred feet high.
Interviewer:  Shaped like a what would you say?
185:  Shaped #1 it's cyli- it's a cyli-cylindrical. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm. #
185:  It's round with a rounded top on it.
Interviewer:  I see. Now used to, I don't think you see too many of of these around anymore but uh before a farmer baled his hay he would just {NS} you know, out in the fields pile it up into great what do you call those things?
185:  Shocks.
Interviewer:  Those are shocks.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  But but what size? Uh what shape? What uh They'd be uh
185:  Um usually they're {NS} humped ov- hump-shaped and they're probably around twenty feet high. Although that now they're um hay balers that um you bale your hay in a roll and you just leave it out in the field
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and um as the cows want it they can go and eat off it.
Interviewer:  Now these shocks that you're talking about are they the same thing as what some people call haystacks?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Same thing.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Do you know if if uh people made those haystacks by uh uh piling it around a pole
185:  #1 They did. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 They did? # I see. #1 Have you ever helped out in in uh making on of those things? Mm. #
185:  #2 No they're not they're not that common through south Georgia. #
Interviewer:  I see. Well talking about hay and uh uh where you might keep it you said in in the loft in the barn. Have you ever seen any of these uh things out in the field? Really they only consist of a few poles and and uh some sort of roof and uh the hay is is kept underneath that uh that structure. You ever seen anything like that?
185:  I've seen separate hay barns but they're usually usually somewhat bigger than that.
Interviewer:  Mm Are they fully enclosed or?
185:  No. The ones I've seen are basically that same construction but larger.
Interviewer:  And you call that a hay barn.
185:  A hay barn.
Interviewer:  I see. Um any uh well what about uh uh places in on the farm where you uh might keep uh various animals. What uh what would you have?
185:  Um Usually you just keep them in the field although um there is a cow barn
Interviewer:  Cow barn?
185:  on the farm. It's it's not ne- it's not so much a barn but it's got a feeding trough in it. {NS} It's got um a storage room and it's got a place for hay storage and it's got um feeders for hay in it.
Interviewer:  Mm you mentioned a trough Uh what uh plural form of that, you have several
185:  Troughs.
Interviewer:  What about a a place where you keep your your horses on a farm? Would they uh #1 be kept anywhere special? #
185:  #2 That'd be a stable. # Well a stable or something we just kept them in the barn
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  There'd be a a separate room in the barn for them
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. Any special place where uh your grandparents would've uh had the cows when they were gonna milk 'em?
185:  Usually they'd just um they'd be in a barn or they'd go bring them up from the field.
Interviewer:  Mm. Mm I see. Is there any particular place where uh a farmer might pen up his cows until he got a lot of manure there you know and then use that for uh #1 for fertilizer? #
185:  #2 for fertilizer? # I can't think of any, unless they just {NS} unless you pen some up to feed to fatten them out for sale and then you just got the manure from that.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  But as far as as far as penning them up especially to collect manure I don't know although there are people who have large feed lots
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  that have concrete bases
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  They do collect the manure from that and use that for fertilizer
Interviewer:  Mm Does the does the word compost mean anything to you?
185:  Yeah but um that's more that's recent origin.
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  That's um Well one one of my next door one of our next door neighbors has a compost pile in town and she puts leaves um vegetable peelings and things like that
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  Um as far as there being a compost pile on my grandfather's farm, there's not.
Interviewer:  Mm I see. Well what about uh your hogs? Where were they kept?
185:  They were {NS} usually kept in the field and whenever you have to bring them up to sell them we um there's a separate, a pen down at the cow barn that you just go through, go through the field, usually take three or four people and you um drive them up into the um barn lot and into the pen and then you um separate them out.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm I see. Was there ever any uh shelter? Uh in one of these pens or just strictly open?
185:  Um sometimes there's a shelter, sometimes there's not.
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. {NS} Well talking about farm, what uh the type of farm uh on which you would uh uh have uh milk cows strictly #1 {X} #
185:  #2 A dairy. #
Interviewer:  Call that a dairy. {NS} Do you know if that term dairy does it can you use it to refer to anything uh other than uh that type of uh specialized uh farm where you would have milk cows? #1 Anything come to mind? #
185:  #2 It's # also referred to as the plant itself where they um pasteurize the milk, separate the cream from it, that sort of thing.
Interviewer:  I see. Process it?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Well you know in in the days before refrigeration you have any idea what people did to uh keep you know perishables like uh milk and butter uh uh
185:  Usually there was um {NS} {C: music playing} as far as, there'd be like {NS} {C: music playing} you kept your milk and your butter {NS} {C: music playing} my grandmother's told #1 she told me how I can't #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  {NS} {C: music playing} There was some place that they did.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  And I've forgotten it, I don't know if it was at the well yeah it would've been at the well because the well was like on the back porch right next to the house.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Yeah.
185:  And as far as keeping food um you usually cooked enough say at um at lunch for supper so you'd just cook one meal a day. And there were never any leftovers from the day before unless it was say something like maybe bread, or biscuits that would keep without refrigeration. You had to cook everyday.
Interviewer:  Mm. {NS} {C: music playing} I see. So you what did you do? You just lowered it down the well? Was that it or uh {NS}
185:  I guess so but I don't know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Well have you ever heard of any kind of a-affair that might have been constructed uh down by a stream or something like that so that the the the flowing water would've kept the the uh the milk and the butter or whatever #1 cool? You ever heard of anything like that? #
185:  #2 Not at home. #
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of uh uh the word dairy refer to something like that that I was describing?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Haven't heard that. Uh You ever, the term springhouse Does that mean anything to you?
185:  Not in connection with South Georgia. I've seen springhouses elsewhere. But not as far as where I'm from.
Interviewer:  {NS} Well on the on the on the farm maybe uh an open place around uh the barn where the animals might be free to walk around
185:  A barn lot.
Interviewer:  Call that a barn lot. Ever heard it called anything else?
185:  Barn yard.
Interviewer:  Barn yard. Same thing?
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  I see. And the place on a farm that uh you would use to let your your cows graze, you'd call that a
185:  A pasture.
Interviewer:  Pasture. Was that usually uh fenced-in or was it open? {NS}
185:  It's been fenced-in as long as I can remember. It was fenced-in before I was born.
Interviewer:  What what kind of fencing doe- {C: about to say 'does'; corrects to 'do'} do your grandparents use around the pasture?
185:  Um regular fen- well the only way I can describe it is by saying it is- as regular fencing.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And um wi- wit- with um treated posts creosote-treated posts and um then strands of barbed wire above the fencing {NS} attached to the post usually two or three strands.
Interviewer:  I see. Any other type of wire fencing that you know about? uh
185:  Well there's chicken wire.
Interviewer:  Chicken wire.
185:  Which is a very fine wire and was used around chicken chicken pens because it was, because for one thing it was a finer wire with smaller holes and you didn't have to have a stronger wire to keep the chickens in
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. Can you remember the days before wire fencing was available? Uh the type of fencing that was used uh and be made out of wooden uh
185:  I've seen wooden fences but as long as I've been around there's been wire fence.
Interviewer:  Mm. Have you ever seen any made out of rails?
185:  Just for decorative purposes.
Interviewer:  What would you call that?
185:  A split-rail fence.
Interviewer:  Split-rail fence.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  How is uh is that the type that uh, how is that constructed? Is it uh
185:  It's constructed um in zig-zags
Interviewer:  I see. #1 Was it nailed together or #
185:  #2 No. It's stacked. #
Interviewer:  Stacked. How did it stay together?
185:  I don't know
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  I don't know
Interviewer:  Cow wanted to lean against it you know, there goes the fence.
185:  Well it may have been nailed. I don't know. But I know that it was that it was also stacked.
Interviewer:  I see. #1 So you don't see those around anymore except for #
185:  #2 No. # #1 Except for decoration #
Interviewer:  #2 Decoration #
185:  A thing in someone's yard.
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. Well uh say a fence like uh you know uh the one that uh uh Tom Sawyer had to had to whitewash uh, that type of fence. What would you call that? You know what I had in mind? uh
185:  A board fence?
Interviewer:  Board fence? Have you ever heard the term paling fence used?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Haven't heard that. Well on a uh a farm uh say in the Ocilla area what uh what what's what's what's grown there? uh
185:  Corn peanuts, tobacco some cotton but not much um soybeans {NS} {C: music playing}
Interviewer:  Do you have any idea the the type of work that you have to do when you're raising cotton? Are you familiar with that at all?
185:  Not so much cotton, because cotton hasn't been grown too much. You have to um plough it, plant it, spray it and then finally you pick it and now they now they use mechanical harvesters almost everybody, well everybody who does grow it uses mechanical harvesters.
Interviewer:  Mm I see. Well what about uh have you ever heard any uh expression used to describe the process of of uh weeding uh the cotton? uh
185:  #1 You go out and you chop cotton. #
Interviewer:  #2 Chop cotton. #
185:  #1 Yeah. My grandmo- my mothers chopped cotton. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Was it, that was, that I was #1 referring to it as accurate as weeding #
185:  #2 Yeah. # Yeah. You got have to chop cotton, hoe cotton
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  Now you hoe peanuts but you chopped cotton.
Interviewer:  I see. By the way, you mentioned peanuts, have you ever heard those called anything else?
185:  Um I've heard them referred to as goobers.
Interviewer:  Goobers. {NS} {C: music playing} Anything besides that? uh {NS} {C: music playing}
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Ground beans?
185:  I've I've read {X} and they've been referred to as that in there but as far as anyone calling them that no
Interviewer:  Mm. {NS} Well the weeds that we're talking about that you you chopped uh in a cotton field, anything in particular
185:  Berry lice and cockle-burrs.
Interviewer:  Berry lice and cockle-burrs.
185:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Sounds like you've had experience with that.
185:  Um I've had experience with cockle-burrs and berry lice but not well not having to get rid of them um cockle-burrs and berry lice primarily go in {D: honey} and also um they'd be in the back fields, peanut fields the same with cockle-burrs.
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. Well what about stuff like uh #1 uh Johnson grass, crabgrass, that type of thing? #
185:  #2 Yeah. # Yeah Johnson grass was around, crabgrass was around, Jimson weed bitter weed
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  although bitter weed you find more in more in pastures and especially in the fall because the cow would eat it and make the milk bitter.
Interviewer:  Mm I see. You been talking about um fields. Uh anything uh like a field except there might be a difference in size? You might grow uh
185:  A garden?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  And then you have orchards where you've got well m- mainly pecan trees at home
Interviewer:  I see. Are uh uh maybe a a smaller area where you might put something like peas, strictly, or tobacco, you say, I got a little {D: beef} out back uh
185:  You can have tobacco field. But as far as a separate field where peas, peas have always been grown in the garden or maybe yeah.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {X} the uh the Brer Rabbit #1 story, Brer Rabbit and the what? #
185:  #2 Yeah, the cotton patch. # The cotton patch.
Interviewer:  Cotton patch, yeah. Is there a difference between uh a patch and a field?
185:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Not sure about that. We mentioned a minute ago talking about the uh the fencing, putting them up with the the posts. Have you ever seen this contraption that you use you know to #1 to dig the hole? #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #1 What do you call that? It's a post hole digger. #
185:  #2 Post hole digger. #
Interviewer:  Have you ever had the pleasure?
185:  Oh yes. Yes.
Interviewer:  They're fine, aren't they?
185:  Yeah. W- Well once you get the knack of it, it's not too bad.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  You usually wind up banging your knuckles together a couple of times.
Interviewer:  Yeah, yeah. Um Well what about uh still talking about fences, that sort of thing. Have you ever seen any uh walls or fences uh around your part of the country that were made out of some loose stone or rock? #1 Anything like that? #
185:  #2 No. No. #
Interviewer:  Had you, do you have any conception of what #1 that is like? Have you ever heard or seen them before? #
185:  #2 Yeah I've seen them before, I've seen them up in Tennessee. # And they're just rocks stacked together. No mortar no cement or anything between them just rocks stacked together.
Interviewer:  Mm What do they call those things?
185:  #1 Rock fences. #
Interviewer:  #2 Just a rock fence? # What about uh this stuff uh, moving on to something else uh the stuff that uh uh families uh best dishes would probably be made of, you'd call that
185:  The china.
Interviewer:  Mm. Have you ever seen an egg made out of uh that stuff that a farmer might use to try to fool
185:  A nest egg.
Interviewer:  Nest egg.
185:  Um Usually most people at home use porcelain doorknobs.
Interviewer:  Really?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 That could be uncomfortable in certain situations #
185:  #2 Well you just # stick the door, the knob part, and you've got a nice porcelain egg there. {D: and} and sometimes they'll use an old egg they'd take one, say take a color crayon or something and mark it so that you wouldn't confuse it with with a fresh egg.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And you'd just leave that egg in there in the nest.
Interviewer:  That work pretty well?
185:  Yeah. Yeah, it worked real well.
Interviewer:  Was that was that the only purpose they were used for? {NW}
185:  #1 As as what? #
Interviewer:  #2 For for as fooling the hen. You know. #
185:  Yeah. As far as I know.
Interviewer:  The reason I ask, fellow told me that uh he used them, not so much for that but to um to uh discourage chicken snakes. Cause you know, they swallow one of those things, {NS} forget about it. Gone. You try to wrap around something, crack 'em. The doorknob, you know?
185:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh Well say you had an egg made out of that uh china. #1 You'd simply call than an #
185:  #2 {X} # A nest egg. #1 or #
Interviewer:  #2 or # if you use that word you call it a
185:  #1 a porcelain egg #
Interviewer:  #2 what kind of egg? or a # Say it's made out of china. It would be a
185:  A china egg I suppose.
Interviewer:  Say if uh again on the farm when you're going to milk the cows, what would you probably take with you to catch the milk in?
185:  A bucket.
Interviewer:  What uh uh Have you ever heard that called anything else?
185:  They're sometimes referred to as pails #1 but everyone #
Interviewer:  #2 Pails #
185:  at home refers to them as buckets.
Interviewer:  As far as you know, bucket and and pail, is that the same?
185:  Yeah. As far as I know.
Interviewer:  W-when you think of a of a bucket what do you think it's been made of?
185:  Metal.
Interviewer:  Okay.
185:  Usually galvanized steel.
Interviewer:  Ever wood?
185:  Mm-Mm Not now. Once they were but not now.
Interviewer:  {X} Well is there any type of uh of uh of a bucket that uh might have been kept around the kitchen or the back porch somewhere where uh the wife might throw scraps, you know stuff like that, to feed the hogs with later on?
185:  Yeah there's one kept I don't know that I don't know that it has a special a special name or not
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  There's usually just just a bucket so that you go and put the scraps, the vegetable peelings, things like that in.
Interviewer:  Mm. Have you ever heard people call that of a swill bucket or a swap bucket? uh
185:  No. {NS}
Interviewer:  I see. What about uh something bigger uh than that that you used to put just general refuse in you call that your
185:  Trash can.
Interviewer:  Trash can. {NS} Ever heard people call it anything besides that?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Garbage can?
185:  #1 Oh yeah, garbage can, sure. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Same thing? # Were those made out of uh
185:  Those are made out of galvanized steel. S- sometimes metal.
Interviewer:  What do you call this uh this thing uh utensil that you can use to uh say uh fry eggs in uh
185:  Frying pan {NS}
Interviewer:  #1 Ever heard anybody call that anything else #
185:  #2 A skillet. #
Interviewer:  Skillet? Same thing?
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Well have you ever heard uh probably a long time ago of something like that that uh you could use for cooking uh things in actually in the fire place uh might've had legs on it or something like that?
185:  No, not familiar.
Interviewer:  #1 You ever heard uh spider used in that uh connection as being a frying pan or a skillet? #
185:  #2 No. Mm-mm. #
Interviewer:  You mentioned a a wash pot uh a while ago. Is there anything like that, except maybe smaller? Or uh or say you know if you were going boil tea, you know this thing with a spout you know you
185:  Oh a kettle.
Interviewer:  It'd be a tea kettle.
185:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Mm I see. All right well another container since we're talking about containers uh uh this things that you would use to put cut flowers in, you know to {X}
185:  A vase.
Interviewer:  Call that a vase. Uh any other type of uh now you don't grow flowers in a vase, do you?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  You would grow them in a
185:  In your yard.
Interviewer:  Yeah or say a container #1 What w-. Call that a flowerpot. #
185:  #2 A flowerpot. #
Interviewer:  #1 Do people keep flowerpots in the house like they do vases? #
185:  #2 Sure. Sure. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  {NS} Uh some uh uh utensils that you uh most often use you know when you're eating a meal you use a
185:  Knife and a fork and spoon.
Interviewer:  And if you're having steak #1 more than likely you'd have #
185:  #2 You'd have a steak knife. #
Interviewer:  Or a set of steak
185:  Knives.
Interviewer:  Mm. {NS} Uh we're talking about eating the meal. When you get through uh what do you do with the dirty dishes?
185:  You wash them.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And after you get through washing them
185:  You dry 'em and then you put 'em up.
Interviewer:  Well okay. But before you before you dry them, in order to get to all the soapy
185:  You rinse 'em.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard people say anything besides uh rinse the dishes? Mean the same thing?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Ever heard uh people say scald 'em?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Haven't heard that. And when you're when you're washing the dishes this uh the cloth that you use you know
185:  The dishrag.
Interviewer:  That's the dishrag. Well what about one that you use when drying? #1 Is that #
185:  #2 That's a dish towel. #
Interviewer:  That's a dish towel?
185:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. # Well talking about that type of thing, you know uh when you were when you're taking a bath #1 a small one that you might use to #
185:  #2 It's a washrag. Also a wash cloth. #
Interviewer:  {NS} I see. And the big one that you draw
185:  Is a towel. {NS}
Interviewer:  Say uh in the in the kitchen you know over the sink the thing that uh the water comes out of you call that a
185:  #1 The faucet. #
Interviewer:  #2 That's the faucet. # Well what about uh you know what's the one in the yard?
185:  That's a spigot. {NS}
Interviewer:  I see. Well uh. You know s- these uh portable or containers that uh say men who work with the highway department use when they're on the road. There's usually some little deal you know that you can #1 press or push or something- that's a spigot too. #
185:  #2 That's a spigot. #
Interviewer:  {NS} Have you ever uh uh had any any trouble at your house say during winter time when it gets real cold uh uh with your with your pipes uh any trouble #1 maybe you know how you #
185:  #2 Sometimes they freeze. #
Interviewer:  Yeah. #1 Have they ever #
185:  #2 And then # They burst. Yeah.
Interviewer:  Long time ago, moving on to something else uh when people were going to buy a good bit of flour say or something like that. A large quantity It's the big wooden thing you know with the the staves that it would come in
185:  The barrel
Interviewer:  Call that a barrel
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  What do you call those things that they go around the barrel? You know they call them the staves in place uh
185:  Those are #1 the metal bands that go around #
Interviewer:  #2 The bands? #
185:  I guess, I don't know.
Interviewer:  Well you remember the another term uh uh when that the craze was going around these plastic things the hula
185:  A hula hoop.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard the bands called a
185:  #1 A hoop? #
Interviewer:  #2 hoop? Mm-hmm. #
185:  No.
Interviewer:  No. Well what about something that's that's like a barrel except it's #1 it's smaller. #
185:  #2 A keg? #
Interviewer:  Yeah, yeah. What would what would
185:  Nails.
Interviewer:  Nails come in a keg?
185:  Sometimes gunpowder.
Interviewer:  Gunpowder?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Say if you wanted to uh to buy a uh a fairly large amount of of lard #1 something like that #
185:  #2 That'd come in a lard can. #
Interviewer:  Lard can?
185:  Five gallons.
Interviewer:  Mm. Have you ever heard any other term for uh that sort of container?
185:  Maybe a lard bucket.
Interviewer:  Lard bucket? Have you ever heard people talk about uh #1 uh a stand lard or something like that? No? Okay. #
185:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  Say if uh if uh your mother was uh bottling something. Uh or maybe she was pouring molasses into into a bottle with a small mouth, you know? W-what would she more than likely use to keep that
185:  A funnel.
Interviewer:  And uh this thing back in the horse and buggy days that you cracked around
185:  A whip.
Interviewer:  You were talking about uh {NW} uh burlap bags that type of thing a minute ago. Uh say if you went down to the grocery store uh what would the grocer put your purchase in if you carried it home?
185:  A paper sack.
Interviewer:  That would be a paper sack.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Well if you wanted to buy you know uh peat moss or fertilizer or uh something like that uh what would you call the thing that that would be packed in?
185:  A fertilizer sack.
Interviewer:  Fertilizer sack.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Are uh uh what about these things that are made of this uh heavy course rough uh material uh uh some type of kind of cloth-like material you know? Sometimes you see uh pecans in the big processing plants are put in those things or
185:  Oh yeah. Those are um #1 those are burlap bags #
Interviewer:  #2 Burlap bags. # You ever heard anything like that called uh anything besides that? Burlap bag {NS} {C: music playing}
185:  They'd also be called sacks. #1 I believe #
Interviewer:  #2 Sacks #
185:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} {C: they say the same thing} #
185:  I've always heard them referred to as a burlap bag.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard people in your part of the country uh talked about tow sacks or crocker sacks?
185:  Oh yeah a croker sack
Interviewer:  Croker sack
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Is that the same thing as a
185:  Yeah that's the same thing as a burlap bag.
Interviewer:  Burlap bag.
185:  Yeah it's a croker sack.
Interviewer:  I see. But you're you you're not familiar with tow sack then?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  I see. Say uh if uh a farmer wanted to take uh uh a fair amount of corn to the mill to be ground talking about the amount that he could take at one time. Now have you ever heard uh your grandfather or somebody talk about That any particular way that say you gotta take it referring to the quantity
185:  Not not referring to the quantity because usually you take um when you combine your corn usually it's usually combined and it's it's loaded into a wagon. And the wagons go immediately to the mill. And then after they get through grinding it into feed you go and you get a load
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  which will be any number did burlap bag-fulls
Interviewer:  Mm. I see.
185:  But you go and you get a load of feed.
Interviewer:  Mm Or say maybe uh an amount of wood that you could carry in your arms at one time. Have you ever heard any
185:  That'd be am armload.
Interviewer:  An armload. Mm. Have you ever heard people uh use the the term uh a turn of corn? #1 Or something like that refer to a a quantity? #
185:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  Say uh uh uh an electric lamp, if that thing #1 burns out, the thing that you uh s- #
185:  #2 You need a light bulb. #
Interviewer:  A light bulb. Or uh if your mother was going outside to uh hang up uh #1 the clothes to dry she'd probably #
185:  #2 Clothesline. #
Interviewer:  Yeah. The thing that she would carry them in you call that a
185:  A basket. Clothes basket.
Interviewer:  Say uh again I-I mentioned bottling something in in uh uh in bottles the same as you would put in the mouth of a bottle to keep the stuff from uh spilling out you would simply put in a what would you call that thing you put in the mouth?
185:  Cedar wood?
Interviewer:  #1 Yes you'd just put a #
185:  #2 You'd have a cap. #
Interviewer:  #1 A cap or a #
185:  #2 You could put a cork. #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. I see. You ever heard that called uh uh cork or a stopper?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Same thing?
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  I see. What about uh this musical instrument #1 that some people can play you know you play it like so? Harmonica. #
185:  #2 A harmonica. # Also referred to as a Jew's harp.
Interviewer:  Same thing? A Jew's harp?
185:  Well {X}
Interviewer 3:  {NS} {X} Something {NS} speeds up here {NS} looks like it's going regular speed now but
Interviewer 2:  Yeah. Check it.
Interviewer 3:  #1 Check mic check #
Interviewer 2:  #2 Check the sound. It might be nothing. It might have no effect on the # on the um
Interviewer 3:  okay on the recording All right.
Interviewer:  Mic check testing one two three four mic check. I think last time we stopped uh you were telling me about harmonicas and all that but #1 before we get back into that #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  You said that you wanted to tell me about uh some unusual way of uh raising tobacco? was
185:  Yeah well it's not unusual way of raising it, it's just that we have a different type of tobacco at home than they have in North Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  In North Carolina and Virgina and Tennessee they grow burley. And at home we grow flue-cured tobacco. And the difference is primarily in the way that you crop it or harvest it and cure it. And in Virginia Tennessee, North Carolina, um the whole plant, the whole stalk, gets ripe the same time from the bottom leaves to the top. And so that they're able to go in in the summer late summer and cut the whole stalk down take it to the barn and hang it up and air-dry it that way. But at home we don't grow that type of tobacco. Um our tobacco is what's known as flue-cured tobacco. And it doesn't ripe- it ripens from the bottom to the top but not at the same time, at different at different times so that you have to harvest it in stages. And each harvesting is known as a cropping and um when you crop tobacco, it refers to both the whole process as well as individually breaking the leaves off off the tobacco plant and by flue-curing. What we do there, we have tobacco barns that are about twenty feet by twenty feet square and usually about a hundred feet high. And each tobacco barn is divided into rooms and it's divided by having um a set of rafter-like poles, known as tier poles um in vertical rows. And most barns are either four rooms or five rooms. And that's where you put the green tobacco to cure it. And it's flue-cured because you have either um gas-fired burners um bottled gas, propane, burners on the inside or you can have heating pipes on the inside with your um fuel-oil burner on the outside of your fr- fan and blow the hot air in. And what this does is that you use the heat to dry the tobacco out. It goes through several stages. You have it on low heat where you're getting your whole barn warm and the tobacco warm-warm from the top to the bottom. Um from that then you put it on color which is a little bit higher heat and that when you put on color you're slowly drying it out but at a faster rate and you're um coloring your tobacco yellow and on up to gold. And as you do this it gets drier and drier. And then finally you put it on high heat at the very end which is usually around a hundred and twenty to a hundred and fifty. And um this is the final drying stage where you dry out all the moisture. Um you have a particular problem drying out the stems to the tobacco leaves because they usually start out um as big around as your thumb and to dry these out and get them brittle um takes a good bit of time and heating usually takes about a week t- to a week and a half to cook out your- um barn of tobacco. After you get through drying it and curing it you cut off your heat and you have to let your tobacco get in order. By this you have to um open the doors and let moisture come back in. Not a whole lot or else you're gonna wind up having to cook it again or it'll get too wet and your stems will begin to swell up. And so you'll have to dry it again but you left a little bit get in it's easier to handle easier to unstring to pack up. And once you get it in order you can unload your barn put it in a packhouse and then unstring it put it on sheets and take it to market. Now the way we crop tobacco is um it's gradually mechanize- it's becoming even more mechanized. Um when my parents were growing up they did it all on foot and using mules. The tobacco grows in rows um either two rows or four rows and then you have a skip which is about ten to fifteen feet wide um that's basically a space for the tractor and the harvester to go down the middle. And then you have two rows or four rows depending on if you're using a two-row or a four-row harvester then another skip and so on like that. When my parents were growing up um the cropper the man who breaks the tobacco leaves off the tobacco stalk had to walk and bend over, he had crop it you just take your either one hand or both hands just wrap it around the stalk pull it forward toward you. This snaps the leaves off. And when before it became mechanized you'd have a sled in the middle between the rows drawn by a mule and you'd place the tobacco in that. {NS} When they got to the end of the row and the sled was full the tobacco would be taken to a barn it would be unloaded there and a person known as a hander would hand the tobacco usually three or four leaves to the stringer. Um the tobacco is put on sticks that are usually about three feet long about half inch square usually made of pine. Um the stringer takes these and using tobacco twine, tobacco string which is a special type of cotton string um ties it to the stick. You take your string, tie it at one end then you take your hands of tobacco put them next to the stick take your string, wrap it pull it tight. Then you're ready- that's on the left-hand side. You do the same on the right-hand side and reverse yourself. And then you just keep on going one hand from the left on the left-hand side cross over do a hand on the right-hand side until you get your stickful, it usually takes about twenty or twenty-five hands of your tobacco on each side. Then you tie it off at the end wrap your string around it break it and then the person known as the stick toter would take the stick take it into the barn and usually then they would put it on the bottom two tier poles between four of the rooms. When they got the bottom two tier po- tier poles full all over the bottom people would climb up into the barn on the tier poles, they're usually about maybe four feet apart three and a half or four so that you can stand with your legs spread between them. Someone would hand it up to one person say in the middle of the barn, that person would the stick of green tobacco on up to the person in the top of the barn. And they'd start hanging from the bottom coming on down. What they do now is that you've got the tobacco harvester that's usually pulled by that's pulled by a tractor. And You've got on one side there's a platf- a small platform. The cropper sits on a cushion with his leg on a little platform that's about I guess two feet wide so if he's down at the bottom with the tobacco the stringer who ties the tobacco to the sticks sits about three feet up two and a half feet up from the bottom platform facing the cropper like you and I are sitting. I'd be the cropper you'd be the stringer. I would if I were the cropper I would break the leaf off the tobacco stalk hand them up to you and you would tie them onto the stick. There's your stick is in a little square box of metal with rollers on it so that you can roll your stick forward as you need more space. And so that so that the stick toter can pull the stick out and put it on the wagon that is following the tobacco harvester. The sticks are in the middle in a little platform there and then the whole process is repeated, the whole arrangement is repeated on the other side. That's a two-row tobacco harvester, which is the most commonly-used if you're doing stick method. There's a four-row model where you've got the si- where you've got sort of on a on a flying outrig up there a cropper and a stringer. And they will be going down in {X} in between two rows of tobacco. And if you're having to take the sticks off it gets really difficult cause you're having to reach over another row of tobacco #1 to get that stick off and put on the wagon behind you. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm. Mm-hmm. #
185:  And except for that the same process is basically as when my parents were growing up. Except that when my parents were growing up the barns were fired with wood. And so someone would have to stay up all night and keep the fire going and make sure that the barn didn't burn down.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And barns frequently burned down. There was a man in town who um He was a rather large farmer, who had a mean old soul too but a saintly Christian. #1 And um #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
185:  he had a big ebony walking cane. So about three in the morning, he'd go out to check his tobacco barns to see how they were doing. So he'd cut off his lights a good way from the barn cut off the motor to his car and walk down to the barn. And invariably the field hand would be asleep. Invariably he would be black. And so the man would just take his ebony cane and just beat the man till he woke up.
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  And um
Interviewer:  #1 Struck him gently between the eyes? #
185:  #2 Yeah. Struck him gently between the eyes. # And um but anyway then that's how my grandparents do tobacco now with the harvester and cropping two rows.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And their barn is fuel-fired. There's another method that's an even more mechanized method that's bulk barn. It's still flue-cured.
Interviewer:  Bulk barn?
185:  Bulk barn. Um it's basically a totally mechanized process you have a harvester {NS} that goes through the field it's either self-propelled or pulled by a tractor. Um it, you set each side for certain levels how high you want it to um go up on the on the tobacco stalk and it breaks off the leaves itself. I've never seen one work. But it harvests it it breaks the tobacco off the stalk then it goes up a conveyor belt over the top and down into a wagon that {D: fallen} down and loads the tobacco onto a metal rack that has two prongs {NS} sticking out like this and then a series of smaller prongs #1 behind it, well #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm #
185:  It's got like two large prongs sticking out and then smaller prongs. And it just packs the tobacco on this.
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  And then um when it when that gets full a front metal plate fits on the two large prongs and it's loaded onto a wagon that follows it. Then you take that to your bulk barn which is a metal barn about twenty by thirty and there's a lift there. You have a hoist. An electric hoist. And um an eye beam and you um lift that up you lift your big racks off your wagon and then run 'em back to the back and hang them up on hooks that hang down from the top of your bulk barn. When you get that done, you come out pick up another load that's there by then and you just fill it up. And that too is a flue-cured method and is is what the people that grows a lot of tobacco, like fifty, sixty, hundred acres use. But most of the people who are doing small tobacco allotments um ten acres and under {X} stoop method.
Interviewer:  #1 How did you come to know all about this? First hand experience or? #
185:  #2 Yeah, first-hand experience. #
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Um it's it sounds sort of we were using the stick method our far- I worked for my grandfather and for friends of ours that lived across the road from my grandfather and we used the stick method and I did a little bit of everything, from cropping I never learned to string uh to be a good stringer you have to start out very early.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And it finally gets to be more an art than anything else.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  Um I cropped, I toted sticks I helped load the barn and on about up in about three in the afternoon, it gets to be very very hot out in the back field, but that's not what's so bad is that your tobacco begins to smell because it's green it's got a lot of nicotine, a lot of tar in it and #1 it it's quick easy to get sick from it. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
185:  And when you crop tobacco it's got a lot of like I said, a lot of tar in it so that your hands wind up just being covered and black with tobacco gum. And what you have to do to be able to crop is you just your hands like w-will literally stick together if you were to press them together. So what you do, you just reach down in the dirt cover your hands in dirt and keep going
Interviewer:  You did that for about how long?
185:  I've I did it for two summers.
Interviewer:  {D: Good eye} hard work
185:  It is. There's nothing wrong with it. I enjoyed it. I enjoy it. We all all of us who were working together came to be very very good friends, who I'd known all of them for a long time.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  But um we came to be even better friends.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. #1 Companions in adversity? #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
185:  #2 Yeah, def- oh oh definitely companions # in adversity. Especially when um The July thundershowers come rolling in about about four in the afternoon and you're the highest thing in the field and you're metal.
Interviewer:  Oh {NW}
185:  And there's lots of good lightning popping #1 around #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah {NW} #
185:  Some people who'd been struck the harvesters who'd been struck um the ones that I was on was never were ne- were never stricken.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  Yeah. But um others were, and there's some people that the stories are told about them that as soon as the clouds come up they take off for the house.
Interviewer:  Can't believe it. Some s-some
Interviewer 3:  {X} uh they do you have any names the colors and such did you have a coloring, names or the colors?
185:  Not that I know of. There may be.
Interviewer 3:  Do you use the word bright in any in a tobacco sense. Do you know the word bright in a tobacco
185:  Not as a tobacco term, no.
Interviewer 3:  How about as a racial term?
185:  As a racial term? {NS} More than more Not as racial but um more in the sense of an intellectual term. As far as racial terms go um there's high yellow and um
Interviewer:  Do you mean by that?
185:  By that um very light-skinned black person referred to {NS} in a derogatory sense as having a lot of white blood.
Interviewer:  Does it have anything to do with their mannerisms or?
185:  Um maybe some what are interpreted as white mannerisms but more to the color of their skin
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm {NW}
185:  As being as being very light-skinned
Interviewer:  Mm yeah I never for some reason never thought about Georgia as being a tobacco country but uh #1 for sure it must be {NW} but #
185:  #2 Yeah, yeah. # There's a good bit of tobacco country at home. There's a whole belt from Vidalia over to Moultrie down a sort of triangle down to Thomas- down through Valdosta and then north Florida.
Interviewer:  Hmm. {X} It's an interesting process. Okay well I just was uh get back over to where we left off last time uh uh #1 I might repeat myself, but you were telling me about uh harmonica and the #
185:  #2 Yeah #
Interviewer:  I was interested in whether you've heard that called anything else besides that.
185:  Yeah I've heard it referred to as a Jew's harp.
Interviewer:  Jew's harp
185:  Yes
Interviewer:  I see. Well uh what about this little thing how that people can play by uh like have a twangy noise, you kind of pluck it on the side like this? #1 You ever #
185:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
185:  #2 I'm not familiar with that. #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Can you tell me about uh some common tools that you might keep around the house for uh you know doing odd jobs or uh yard work, that sort of thing
185:  Yeah, there'd be everyone has a hammer a hoe a shovel various rakes um hoses a wheelbarrow various carts yard carts um an ax a saw both um a carpenter carpenter saw and a li- a saw that you can use to cut tree limbs with um various maybe a coping saw
Interviewer:  A what?
185:  A coping saw.
Interviewer:  What's that?
185:  A coping saw is a small saw, very fine blade, very narrow blade that you can use to um cut circles with and various circular designs
Interviewer:  #1 uh-huh #
185:  #2 with # Um it's got a U-shaped frame rectangular U-shaped um and then a handle and then a th-thin blade that's between the end of the handle and where the other end of the "U" is.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  You fit your blade in there, tighten little screws and then you're ready to um cut. If you're cutting a circle, usually what you do is you can drill drill a hole to start with um loosen your blade at one end um put your blade through the st- through the hole that you drilled then fasten it back together and you can cut.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. I see. You mentioned wheelbarrow. Have you ever heard uh that called any other name? Just wheelbarrow?
185:  I don't think so.
Interviewer:  Ever heard people refer to it as a Georgia buggy?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Haven't heard that. Uh I wanna ask you a few things about uh wagons. Uh you know tha- tha- that uh long wooden thing that runs up uh between the horses #1 on a wagon? #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  {X} know what that's called?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard it called a {D: can} {C: pronunciation}
185:  Yeah, that's what it is.
Interviewer:  Mm. Say if you have a buggy those those things that you would back the horse the twenty when you were hitching him up to the buggy, have any idea what those would be called?
185:  Not offhand.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard people refer to uh buggy shafts?
185:  #1 Yeah. Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 Shaft was buggy? #
185:  Mm-hmm. But it's been a long time. My grandfather got rid of his buggy probably fifteen years ago.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And then the wagon we don't do anything with it, it just sits under a shed.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  Off off at the back of the farm.
Interviewer:  I see. Let's say, we're talking about uh a wagon wheel right in the middle of the center of the wheel you have a hub #1 and then the spokes #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  #1 coming out from that #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  now those things that the spokes stick into what would you call that, the uh say for instance, the the outside edge of the wagon wheel, we call that the of the wheel
185:  #1 It might be the rim but I don't know. #
Interviewer:  #2 The rim of the wheel? Mm. # Now those, the things that the uh that spokes stick into uh are they uh in sections? Do you have any idea whether they're put together in sections?
185:  Which ones? The ones where the a- where around where the axle is or at the very outside
Interviewer:  #1 The the outside spokes uh #
185:  #2 edge? #
Interviewer:  #1 two at a time I believe in big sections #
185:  #2 Yeah. # I don't know, the metal is sectioned or at least there's at least one joint in the metal, maybe where it comes around
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  But I don't I don't know about the wooden part, whether it's sectioned or not.
Interviewer:  Mm. Have have you ever heard the the term filling {X} used to refer to something like that? #1 {X} #
185:  #2 I've heard my grandmother # use that word
Interviewer:  #1 Which one? #
185:  #2 and # my grandfather the ones that live on the farm.
Interviewer:  #1 I mean, the ones I gave you too fella. #
185:  #2 the fella yeah #
Interviewer:  I see. Well have you ever heard people talk of uh that the metal rim around the wheel is uh anything particular, any specific term for that?
185:  Not in particular, no.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard uh what about tire? Talked about a tire in relation to a wagon wheel
185:  Not unless you #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Well say on a on a wagon are you familiar with uh the word traces?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  The thing that the traces come back to, are attached too kind of horizontal thing that moves like this
185:  #1 Mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  #2 Well, do you have any idea what that might be called? #
185:  #1 No, but I know what you're talking about. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah {NW} # #1 Have you ever heard people call it a uh singletree or {X} #
185:  #2 Yeah, a singletree, yeah. #
Interviewer:  {NW} And say if you had two of them.
185:  It'd be a doubletree
Interviewer:  Double tree
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Right. {NS} {D: And} talking about wagon wheels, coming back to that for just a minute, the thing that the wheel turn on #1 you know the runs underneath the back, tell me what {D: that is} #
185:  #2 Yeah. The ax- # The axle.
Interviewer:  Ask you about uh this expression. Say if you were sitting on your front porch uh out in the country somewhere, you saw a man come by in his wagon and he had a a load of wood and a little while later you came back and the wagon was empty.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Shortly thereafter, you know, he repeated the process with another load. And this just kept up all day. What would you say he was getting, you would say he was
185:  He's probably gathering firewood.
Interviewer:  #1 Gathering firewood? #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  Or maybe another expression to mean the same thing, means that uh have you ever heard people say so-and-so's been wood all day?
185:  May-may-maybe been chopping wood
Interviewer:  #1 Chopping wood or #
185:  #2 all day #
Interviewer:  that or more specifically referring to the process of #1 of moving it yeah #
185:  #2 Of moving it? #
Interviewer:  He he's been well
185:  No.
Interviewer:  How about hauling wood?
185:  Yeah, I've heard haul, using haul.
Interviewer:  In that sense?
185:  Yeah, it's hauling something.
Interviewer:  I see. Or say uh Want to ask you about um a a particular word, say for example if you were driving along somewhere uh and a big log was obstructing your way
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Had to {D: phone cross load} so you might say you need to tie a rope around that thing and try to #1 {D: function} #
185:  #2 Try to pull it off. #
Interviewer:  #1 Pull it off or over or #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. # #1 Or drag it off. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Drag it, yeah. # What about the past uh tense form of that verb? You say yesterday we
185:  We pulled.
Interviewer:  #1 Or #
185:  #2 Or # We drug.
Interviewer:  Yes, and we've {X}
185:  I guess we have drug but I don't know
Interviewer:  Going back uh talking about uh farm implements a little bit. Uh you know the thing that a farmer uses to break the ground {NS}
185:  #1 for the first time. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # #1 You call that a #
185:  #2 A harrow #
Interviewer:  Call that a
185:  A harrow.
Interviewer:  You ever heard it called anything else?
185:  No. There's a plow.
Interviewer:  Plow?
185:  Yeah. #1 But #
Interviewer:  #2 Is there a difference there? #
185:  Yeah a a harrow is usually a round disk
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  a round disk affair
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And there's usually um say several of them, say double loads.
Interviewer:  Yes.
185:  A plow is um usually a single piece of metal albeit that goes into the ground to do a furrow with
Interviewer:  Hmm.
185:  But you can have several plow points on a plow which means that you can do um say plow several furrows with a plow.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  But um you break ground with a harrow.
Interviewer:  I see. Are there different kinds of harrows or #1 {X} #
185:  #2 Yeah, there's um # a subsoiler which is a sort of a combination plow and harrow and what it does, it goes down about three, three and a half feet into the ground to the sub-soil.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And um you usually do this break ground in about March. Early March. And the reason you want to get down to the sub-soil and break it up in, especially if you have a field that has clay under there is a heavy soil so that when it rains, your early spring rains come that the rain water will filter down to the sub-soil {NS} so that you'll have that good and wet. So that in um June July when you're not getting the rains that you should be getting and that you need there'll be a moisture supply under your field that your crops can use. Um they don't dry out as badly that way um they're less th-they're less hurt by dry weather.
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. What about a spring-tooth harrow? You ever heard people talk about that?
185:  I've heard my grandfather mention a spring-tooth harrow.
Interviewer:  Mm, not sure about
185:  But I don't, I have no idea what it looks
Interviewer:  Yeah, I see. Well what about different kinds of plows? Uh you you know any particular terms for them?
185:  I don't know any particular terms for them. I know there are different types because I've seen different plow points before.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Well have you ever heard uh your grandfather talk about uh double shovel or a {D: motor bust} or something like that?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  No. Uh something that you see around uh a lot of uh farms or well carpenters use these things a lot too they're they're really wooden frame bins out of usually kind of shaped like uh you know the letter A and then there's a cross piece join it, those two ends, and you could you know uh #1 {D: lay it} #
185:  #2 A sawhorse? #
Interviewer:  Sawhorse?
185:  Is that where you've got like a
Interviewer:  #1 Just lay something across if you know and cut it all apart #
185:  #2 And cut- yeah #
Interviewer:  #1 you could use 'em you know to make a temporary picnic table, something like that, lay boards across. #
185:  #2 Sawhorse. Yeah. Yeah. Mm-hmm a sawhorse. #
Interviewer:  What about something similar to that? Uh another type of wooden frame except it's shaped in the form of an X, more or less and #1 you might play a log right there in the middle and saw it off that way. Have you ever #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  uh
185:  #1 {D: I'm hoping he'll be back no} #
Interviewer:  #2 You ever seen anything like that? # You ever heard people talk about something like a sawbuck or a anything like that?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Uh Change the subject a little bit when uh when you get up in the morning and uh you're getting ready getting yourself ready um uh you uh oh things that you might use on your hair. You might comb your hair or
185:  Or brush your hair.
Interviewer:  And that thing itself is called a
185:  is a comb or a brush.
Interviewer:  Or do you remember uh I don't know if you see too many of these around anymore but uh used to when you would go in the barber shop the uh if you were going to get a shave the barber would use a straight razor
185:  #1 Yeah. Yeah. No not #
Interviewer:  #2 on you? I don't know if you ever shaved like that before #
185:  not in the face but they usually shave the back of the neck yeah.
Interviewer:  Well have you ever seen these things that are usually uh uh #1 attached to the end of the chair that they {D: charge} those things on? #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  Um it's a leather strap. #1 It's um #
Interviewer:  #2 Color of the strap? #
185:  it's I've forgotten there's a particular name for it and I've forgotten I've forgotten what it is.
Interviewer:  Hmm. Have you ever heard any other uh #1 any other pronunciation for it? #
185:  #2 Straw #
Interviewer:  Call the leather straw.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Do you associate that pronunciation with a particular type of person? With somebody uh maybe of a certain age or uh #1 background #
185:  #2 Well the person # that I'm most familiar with using is is now dead. Um there's another man whose barbershop who used it
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and um I think the man his death was about 65 when he died that age. The other one's about late 50s
Interviewer:  Mm. Mm. Hey well uh last week you said you {D: did uh some hunting}
185:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 So you'll probably be familiar with this. # You know those things that you that you uh fire and load in a shotgun
185:  #1 Shotgun shells. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 You call that a shotgun shell. #
185:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Well what about the things that # you would use in a in say a pistol or a rifle. What would you call those?
185:  Um rifle shells, rifle cart-cartridges, um bullets um pistol cartridges
Interviewer:  #1 All those terms mean the same thing? #
185:  #2 Yeah. Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  They're the same thing
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Talking about some of the some things that that children like to play on, you see 'em in playgrounds uh for example a thing you know, a long uh board that's anchored in the middle and one kid can get on one end and one on the other end
185:  A see a see-saw
Interviewer:  Mm. What would you say they're doing? Uh like so if they're out in the yard
185:  On the see-saw? Well one is going up while the other one going down the one that's going down on the other end when you get to the bottom to the ground pushes off
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  that he goes back up and the other end goes down
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  and they just keep repeating this.
Interviewer:  Mm Any uh you know it's just uh maybe one word, say if I ask where the two kids are uh some said "Oh they're out in the backyard"
185:  See-sawing.
Interviewer:  Or maybe something uh similar to that. Again a long board uh but this time uh anchored at each end and kind of a flexible limber thing so that a a child could jump up and down the middle of it. You ever heard of anything like that? In your part of the country?
185:  A board?
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  No.
Interviewer:  #1 You ever heard of a diving board or something like that? #
185:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  Or say uh one that's uh again anchored in the middle but rather than going up and down on it like so it it's in
185:  #1 A merry-go-round. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Call that a merry-go-round. # Yeah. Have you ever heard anybody call it anything besides that? That'd mean the same thing?
185:  I can't think so.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard people uh {D: speak about a flying genie} ?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Haven't heard that said. Or something that that's really common you'd see uh everywhere, these things suspended from the limbs of trees you know by ropes and
185:  Swings
Interviewer:  and that sort of thing. Do you know uh different kinds uh
185:  Yeah they're um you can have a tire swing um we've got a tire
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  suspended um you can have a rope swing which is usually well the rope swing that I'm familiar with is um is one that's over a a spring. And um you climb up the tree grab hold of it and go swinging out over the spring
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and go dropping in.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And this is uh about thirty miles north of Ocilla, up around Bowing's mill off the Ocmulgee River. There's a series of natural springs up there and that's where I'm most familiar with with the rope swing.
Interviewer:  Mm I see. I wanna ask you about uh a few different uh containers. We were talking about this last time uh, buckets and pails and all that but have you ever heard of uh uh
Interviewer 3:  wait let's just wait let's
Interviewer:  Anyway, I wanted to ask you uh about a container that uh I don't know you might have in a in a house where people use uh coals for heat {X} #1 uh #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  Have you ever noticed any sort of container uh in which they kept the coal inside?
185:  A coal scuff
Interviewer:  Call that a coal scuff
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Is is that the the same thing- well what does that thing look like? #1 uh that you're talking about there #
185:  #2 Um #
Interviewer:  #1 How could you tell me just very roughly how it's shaped uh #
185:  #2 It's # {NS} Well it's it's round
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and it's got um sort of like a big big lip on it
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah #
185:  #2 Yeah it's # it's like round and yet it goes up and rounds over like that and sort of like comes down like that
Interviewer:  I see. Do you happen to know if that's uh the same thing that would be used to bring coal in from the coal pile outside or?
185:  Probably so but I'm not sure. The coal's {D: puddles} that that I've seen have have no longer been used.
Interviewer:  I see. Or say if uh a house was using a stove for heat. You know the pipe that goes from the back of the stove you know
185:  #1 The stove pipe. #
Interviewer:  #2 You'd call that # The stove pipe.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Or uh another implement that you don't see around too much anymore uh a farmer say that wanted to uh uh put an edge on their ax might use one of these things to sharpen it somet- it's got a big stone that that turns and some of these things would kind of peddle-operate you know? Like that like they'd chop the ax like so?
185:  Yeah I know what you're talking about. I don't know
Interviewer:  #1 But you don't know what it's called. #
185:  #2 I don't know. I don't know what it's called. #
Interviewer:  You ever heard uh people talk about a grindstone?
185:  #1 Yeah. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  Mm-hmm that's it.
Interviewer:  Or say one that was you know smaller than that. You really wanted to put a very fine edge on it. You could
185:  A whet-rock.
Interviewer:  Call that a whet-rock.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  People call that a whetstone
185:  #1 Yeah. Mm-hmm. Whetstone also. Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 where you're from? Whetstone? # I see.
Interviewer 3:  And emery wheels.
185:  Yes. An emery wheel.
Interviewer 3:  Yeah {X}
Interviewer:  Say if uh if uh your cw- your car started making these squeaking noises. You might drive into a the filling station that's attentive to put it up on the rack and do what to it?
185:  Grease it.
Interviewer:  Grease it.
185:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 And if you've got that stuff all over your hands you'd say the hands were real #
185:  Very greasy.
Interviewer:  Or while you were there at the uh filling station you might ask the attendant to you know take a look under the hood and change the
185:  Check the oil.
Interviewer:  {X} Uh talking about oil and that sort of thing uh before the days we had uh electric lights
185:  uh-huh
Interviewer:  people use these things you know for the light in the house. What uh
185:  Kerosene lamps.
Interviewer:  Kerosene.
185:  Um they also used Coleman lantern type things that burned gasoline.
Interviewer:  Coleman lantern?
185:  #1 Yeah. Well #
Interviewer:  #2 Is that a particular brand name? #
185:  it's just a particular brand name now but um I don't know if it was a Coleman then. But um that they also had those.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Ga-gas lamps
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  that you'd lock on the can gas.
Interviewer:  Mm. But did they look like uh a kerosene-burning
185:  I don't know if I don't know if they looked like a kerosene lamp or not.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm #
185:  #2 Um # I haven't seen these. My mother told me that that's what she and her sister used to study by
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  because it gave out a good light. A good strong light.
Interviewer:  I see. Well talking about a kerosene have you ever heard people call that stuff by any other name besides kerosene?
185:  Not that I know of.
Interviewer:  You ever heard people refer to it as coal-oil or? Or say if you wanted if somebody wanted to make uh a a temporary lamp or a makeshift lamp so they've gotta take a bottle and some uh kerosene and use some uh uh rag or a wick?
185:  uh-huh
Interviewer:  #1 Have you ever heard of people doing that or have you ever seen one of those things or heard it called anything? #
185:  #2 I've never seen one, no. #
Interviewer:  Mm. Have you have you ever heard people in your part of the country refer to something like that as a flambeau?
185:  Um I know what flambeaus are. They're the little things that the highway department puts out when they have a hole
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  in the ground
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  They're also known as smudge pots
Interviewer:  Smudge pots.
185:  Yeah. They've got kerosene in them they're loud and have a wick and little holes around the top.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And um that's what I've always known as a flambeau
Interviewer:  I see. Talking about uh cars and care cars just a minute ago you know that inside part of a tire that inflates, you call that the inner
185:  The inner tube.
Interviewer:  Or uh well on the subject of vehicles let me ask you about something having to do with another type of vehicle {D: bail} You just built uh built your own boat and you wanted to check it out, you'd say you would go on down to the water and you know the process of actually putting the boat in the water. You say you're going down there to
185:  To launch it.
Interviewer:  Launch the boat. Er er talking about boats, what uh #1 is there much fi- fishing go-going on in your area? #
185:  #2 Yeah, yeah, there's a good bit. # Almost everybody has a farm pond that they keep that they keep fish in or a lot of people go down to the river
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and go fishing there. The river's the Alapaha River.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And people go fishing down there.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Um it's got a lot of catfish in it a lot of bream um it's got jack fish um gar and black fish. And jack fish and gar are real bony fish. Um a gar has a very long snout that
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah {NW} #
185:  #2 Sort of like # um sort of like if
Interviewer:  #1 Does everyone call it gars or- garfish. #
185:  #2 Garfish #
Interviewer:  Is that alligator gar? Ha-have you ever heard that?
185:  #1 Yeah. It's probably the same thing as an alligator gar. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} {C: multiple interviewers speaking here} # Are they dangerous?
185:  Um not so much dangerous as um I've never heard them being dangerous. I know my father used to go fishing went used to go to the river a lot and they'd usually always catch a gar or a jack fish. Jack fish is very bony.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
185:  And um he never referred to them as being dangerous. Fact the only thing you had to look out for were mo- were um water moccasins. They'd climb up in the trees and um dropping down into your boat. That happened to him one time. They were going under some low-hanging limbs, and he was at the front of the boat, and someone else was at the back this um cottonmouth {NS} just dropped down in the boat.
Interviewer:  Probably meant to do it.
185:  #1 Probably so. I wouldn't doubt it. #
Interviewer:  #2 I've heard they're very mean. #
185:  #1 They are. They are. They're #
Interviewer:  #2 Very aggressive snakes. #
185:  very aggressive snakes. Um we have a lot of snakes at home too.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  We have those, we have rattlesnakes um copperheads um we have some pygmy rattlers um which are very which are, as the name implies, very small rattlesnakes. And um
Interviewer:  Are they uh
185:  They're very dangerous. They're very deadly. And um up north of us, up around Bowing's mill and where these natural springs are um they have coral snakes. But we don't have coral snakes at home in Irwin county.
Interviewer:  You're lucky.
185:  Very.
Interviewer:  #1 Are there any other types of snakes other than rattlesnakes and moccasins and corals and {X} #
185:  #2 Oh sure, sure. There's um # There're black snakes um which I guess are indigo snakes. I'm not sure if they're king snakes. Um we've got what's known as a hog-nosed snake we've got rat snakes um these are all non-poisonous th-th-the ones I've listed from black snake on. There um we have green snakes
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Are any of them considered um beneficial or
185:  Oh yeah, the king snakes are very beneficial. Rat snakes eat rats. Um I think maybe hog-nosed snakes eat eat some no they're too small to eat animals.
Interviewer:  Mm. M- king snake, I wanted to ask you about that now. Is that is that the snake that's very similar to coral snakes?
185:  The king snakes some of them are, yeah. #1 Yeah, red on yellow'll kill a fellow; red on black, friend to Jack. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. Red on black- Right. #
185:  Um the ones we had at home are black king snakes
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  They're solid black.
Interviewer:  Gotcha.
185:  Um I've never seen a king snake that was the banded king snake.
Interviewer:  right
185:  The ones we had at home are the black ones.
Interviewer:  Mm I see.
185:  And oh you have to the first response wh- wh- when you see a big black snake is to get out of the way because you don't really you don't really want to spend the time to get down examine
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
185:  #2 the head to see if it's um a cottonmouth or not #
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. You {X} first #
185:  #2 Yeah. Ask questions later. But # cottonmouths I don't like
Interviewer:  #1 No. #
185:  #2 I # Um I had a real bad exper- almost a real bad experience um one time with one. The Boy Scouts own it's a big pond, it's a cypress pond, not too far from the river. And they're just about every kind of poisonous snake out there you'd like to have except except for coral snakes. And the pond is always full of of um moccasins. We'd be swimming at one end and look over there and th- just a little ripple going across the water.
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  And um periodically we'd like see one coming towards so we'd like get out of the water in a hurry. {NW} But we were going we were walking back across the dam from the other side back to camp and um we saw one swimming toward us. And we figured that he was going to come up on on the bank. So there's a big limb from a pine tree. It was about probably about six inches around in um circumference. And so we picked it up and we were going to to kill the snake when he got up on the shore. Well he saw us stood up in the water opened his mouth and squealed at us.
Interviewer:  {NW} Squealed at you?
185:  Squealed at us.
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  Um
Interviewer:  #1 I didn't know they could {X} #
185:  #2 They do. # They can do that. Um #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  It's high-pitched um worse than a pig than a pig that's squealing.
Interviewer:  That loud?
185:  That loud. Well it seemed that loud. I mean like you're fixing to clobber the snake and like there he is like yelling at you.
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  And um {NW} but um it's it's I would say it's definitely that loud I had never known that they did that. We got we got home and told daddy that it happened and he said, "Sure. That happened that ha- th-that used to happen to me all the time." And it's happened to my roommate before the roommate I had this year. He's heard they've squealed at him before. {NW} It's {NS} It it's it unnerves you.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  It unnerves you {X}
Interviewer:  {NW} Battle cry.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer 3:  #1 {X} water moccasin #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  Cottonmouth.
185:  uh-huh
Interviewer:  They strain 'em. Uh oh uh have you ever getting back to king snakes for just a minute #1 have you ever heard any uh- that's a pretty unusual story. {NW} #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard anything unusual about a king snake? uh Something that it did part of its dye that was unusual?
185:  Well it eats animals.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  It eat it eats other snakes. #1 yeah #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah, that's what I had in mind. #
185:  Yeah. It eat it eats rattlesnakes.
Interviewer:  Yeah. {X}
185:  Oh my brother has a good rabbit- oh I have another good snake story. {NW}yeah My brother was out okay my aunt owns a farm that's not too far from the river the river again being the Alapaha River and Rayonier, which is I-T-T Rayonier the um lumber lumber and paper company owns adjoining land that they grow pine trees on. And my brother was over on crossed over onto Rayonier's land looking for deer tracks he likes to go hunting go deer hunting on my aunt's farm. So that while he was wandering around on Rayonier's land he looked beside him sort of like three feet over and there was a six-foot rattlesnake there not coiled just wandering along. So he had been real dumb this time. He had gone out without his shotgun but he had his pistol with him. So he took his pistol and unloaded the clip into him and and killed him. Well he comes home and brings brings the rattlesnake home with him and wants to get him stuffed. And so he brings him home and um comes and says, "Hey y'all, come outside. I've got something to show you." So we go outside, he opens up the trunk of his car, and there's this rattlesnake stretched out there. And um daddy says, "What'd you bring him home for? You think we want him?"
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
185:  #2 And um # He said, "I want to get him stuffed. What can I do about it?" And we have a friend over in Tifton who's a taxidermist. And so we called him up and um he said, "Sure. Bring him on over and I'll see what I can do." And so we took him on over to Tifton that night and we had him stuffed in a coil and um so that he's mounted on this board wrapped up in a coil like like he's fixing to strike. And um he's in my brother's bedroom at home on his dresser top and the well Warren was already in college so we we brought the um snake up to see him. And um we got some in- we put him in the back of the car, on the backseat
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
185:  #2 behind #
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
185:  #2 we both sat in the window # And we got some interesting looks #1 Now people would ask us #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
185:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
185:  #1 And what was really great was when we stopped #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
185:  at a gas station to get gas.
Interviewer:  {D: Yeah that snake'll have responsibility} {NW}
185:  I'm thinking of bringing him up. I told my roommate about him and we-we think that'd be a handy edition to our room.
Interviewer:  {NW} Getting back to fish for just a minute, you mentioned um uh #1 bream, and catfish, and gar. Anything besides that just common around here? #
185:  #2 Yeah um # They have bass which we call trout. Large-mouth bass.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And there're also warmouth at home. A warmouth is um sort of like a bream but is meatier and has a real big mouth on him.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Almost not quite as big as a large-mouth bass.
Interviewer:  Mm. {X} Any uh uh uh you don't happen to have anything like a carp or that sort of thing?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Trout {X} Have you ever heard of the type of fish uh the freshwater fish uh uh called the shell-cracker?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 Have heard that, you have heard that. #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  Is that the type of uh
185:  Um it's more a type of white perch.
Interviewer:  White perch?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Um shell-crackers um I'm most familiar with reading about them over at um Lake George. {D: Lake Walker George}
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Um and I asked daddy if we had shell-crackers. He said he said, "Sure."
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And I think we we we call them white perch.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. I see. {D: But to catch them.}
185:  Yeah, they are. Um They usually run best unfortunately in February
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  so it's usually about thirty-five degrees outside with about a thirty-mile-an-hour wind blowing
Interviewer:  You got to be a dedicated shell {X}
185:  Right.
Interviewer:  Shell-coo- shell-cracker. {NS} Well uh hitting on something else uh have you say if uh if a woman wanted to buy some materials, like she was making a dress?
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Uh wanted to go downtown to to get some material for it. She might take a little square {NS} piece of uh cloth along with her you know to make sure she had the right color
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  and all that sort of thing. Have you ever heard that called anything?
185:  It'd be a swatch.
Interviewer:  Call that a swatch.
185:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 Any other names that you might've uh #
185:  A scrap.
Interviewer:  Scrap?
185:  Yeah but u-usually a scrap is what is left over.
Interviewer:  Yeah. I-I've heard many people just call it a sample.
185:  Yeah, a fabric sample.
Interviewer:  Uh Gonna ask you about a #1 particular adjective. Say for example, a woman was window-shopping and she saw a dress that really #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  appealed to her uh that's very attractive she might say, for example, "My goodness that sure is a..." "...dress"
185:  A good-looking dress.
Interviewer:  Good-looking dress. All right, so very {NS}
185:  Attractive, I guess.
Interviewer:  Mm. More uh oh uh something else that you could say, another another adjective uh that's uh you were looking at a at a at a painting. "That's a that's a very ... picture"
185:  Pleasing?
Interviewer:  Pleasing. Or uh or maybe a girl you know that's just good-looking, you know? "Boy, she sure is..."
185:  Good-looking. {NW}
Interviewer:  How about uh uh uh uh What about pretty? #1 {NW} #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  Okay The {D: that I think it} What about the the comparative form of it? Say if you were looking at two: "Well that material's pretty, but this one's even..."
185:  Prettier.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and the superlative
185:  is prettiest.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Say uh talking about cloth things to wear, that type of thing. If you were working, like a woman were working in the kitchen, something that she might tie around her waist keep her dress from getting
185:  An apron.
Interviewer:  Or this thing that I'm writing here that uses ink you call that a
185:  It's an ink pen.
Interviewer:  Mm. And the thing that you would use to keep uh a baby's used to uh, keep a baby's diaper you know
185:  A diap- oh a safety pin.
Interviewer:  And uh you would say that uh a dime is worth how many cents?
185:  Ten.
Interviewer:  Mm. And uh metal you know some of these old houses you see out in the country have metal roofs
185:  Tin.
Interviewer:  Tin roof. Again, talking going back to clothing for a minute What would you say that a that a man's three-piece suit consists of?
185:  Consists of pants, a vest, and a jacket.
Interviewer:  Mm. #1 You ever heard a man call a jacket anything else? #
185:  #2 It's a sport coat. #
Interviewer:  #1 Sport coat? #
185:  #2 But # sport coat would not be part of a three-piece suit.
Interviewer:  Mm, Mm, Mm Or you mentioned uh the pants. What about a-another name
185:  trousers
Interviewer:  Trousers. You have a these things that uh that farmers uh like to wear, for the most part nowadays you know you see them around schools a lot with the
185:  Overalls.
Interviewer:  Do you happen to know whether those things uh the one that farmers used to wear #1 way back when, {NS} whether those were bought at the store or gonna be made? #
185:  #2 They were bought. They were bought. #
Interviewer:  #1 They were bought. #
185:  #2 And they may have been made but # #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
185:  #1 I've always known them as being as being purchased at a store #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm. # Mm. I see. Er another expression, say for example uh there was there was something on the other side of the room that you wanted uh you might uh tell me fir- if you wanted uh me you know. To get it for you might say, "Would you please ... me that?"
185:  Bring me that. Or get me that.
Interviewer:  {X} You mentioned "brang" the uh the past form of that yesterday I
185:  I brought you
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and I have
185:  I have brought you
Interviewer:  Again talking about clothes, the clothes that that you wear, do you um have any any trouble getting the right size, or can you just get them right off the rack usually?
185:  Usually I don't have any trouble.
Interviewer:  Mm. {X} Do you want to say something else?
185:  Um sometimes I have trouble getting blue jeans at home.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  They won't be long enough.
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. We're we're talking about that sort of thing, say for example if you were uh getting out some clothes that you had {X} uh to try them on. You might say something like well "Well, that coat won't fit this year, but last year it perfectly."
185:  It fit perfectly.
Interviewer:  Or say for example if uh your your your clothes, you know that you that you wear to church or Sunday school. Is there by the way is there usually uh uh a particular uh set of clothes that people set aside for going to church, they don't wear for any other occasion?
185:  Not necessarily that you don't wear for any other occasion it's
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  it's what you wear for special occasions like men um business men though who have suits may wear a suit to church that they wear to work. Um the same with with some women who work in offices.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
185:  Um people who work on the farm have have their Sunday clothes
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and they wear them to church on Sunday to funerals that sort of thing.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Um it's the it's the it's the clothes they wear when they have to dress up.
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. Or say if uh the suit that you that you wear uh for special occasions it's getting a little old. You might say that you need to go to town uh to buy yourself a
185:  A new suit.
Interviewer:  {X} Sometimes uh you know when you see uh little boys I don't know at a certain age they they tend to everything they see they pick up #1 and they put them in their pockets you know until their #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #1 pocket's been filled. #
185:  #2 Yeah. # And they'll bulge.
Interviewer:  Or again talking about clothes, say if you put a uh a shirt if you're washing a shirt #1 and you happen to use water that's a little bit too hot for it. #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  And it uh you know, got smaller. #1 You you'd say that shirt is what? #
185:  #2 It shrank. #
Interviewer:  Mm. {D: Or it's uh} uh uh you might say that uh it seems that every one I've washed has
185:  Has shrunk.
Interviewer:  {X} This shirt might if I put it in there
185:  It might shrink.
Interviewer:  Say uh moving onto another topic uh you know when a when a girl is getting ready to go out on a date she might spend a lot of time you know in in front of the mirror. What would you say she's doing?
185:  She's primping.
Interviewer:  Primping? Well if a if a if a boy were doing the same thing #1 what would you say that he's doing? He's primping too. #
185:  #2 He's primping. # Yeah.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Or talking about girls you know the things that they carry around all their odds and ends #1 in #
185:  #2 Their purse? #
Interviewer:  #1 {D: they're called} #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  You ever heard that called anything?
185:  a handbag
Interviewer:  In the same thing?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  'Cause sometimes inside those they'll have something that uh they might keep a uh change, coins in something with a little clamp, you know on top?
185:  Yeah they can have a coin purse or a wallet.
Interviewer:  Mm. Have you ever seen men use those things? Uh something
185:  A coin purse? Yeah. Usually older men.Mm.
Interviewer:  Still see them round?
185:  Yeah there're a few that still have them and um some of them zip.
Interviewer:  Yeah, yeah.
185:  uh-huh
Interviewer:  Or say uh talking about things that you wear, these things that that women or girls like to uh wear around their their wrists, you know
185:  Bracelets?
Interviewer:  Mm. #1 Or or the things they might wear around their neck? #
185:  #2 A necklace. #
Interviewer:  Or uh you know talking about clothing you don't see too terribly many of these anymore but uh used to. #1 Men would wear these to keep help keep their pants up, you know they'd g- yeah. #
185:  #2 Suspenders. #
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard those called anything besides that?
185:  Galluses.
Interviewer:  Galluses?
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Is that uh would that be would strike you as an older word or what?
185:  Yeah yeah galluses is is an older word.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm. #
185:  #2 I # I usually think of galluses with Gene Talmadge.
Interviewer:  {NW} Is that a
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see. Or say that this thing that you would take with you uh if it were raining you know it would keep the rain off of you. You'd call that a
185:  An umbrella.
Interviewer:  Ever heard it called anything besides that? {NS} Or have you ever ever heard uh sometimes people distinguish between that and something that they might use just to keep the sun off.
185:  a parasol?
Interviewer:  Yeah. Are are they synonymous to you?
185:  Um they're not synonymous um I've seen people use them both as parasols.
Interviewer:  #1 What's the difference between them? #
185:  #2 Between an # umbrella and a parasol? An umbrella is used to keep the rain off.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  A parasol you'd think of this dainty little thing lacy and flowery that a woman used to use
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  to keep the sun off. Well not really to keep the sun off I guess so, but sort of like as an a it's like an accessory
Interviewer:  Yeah right right.
185:  for her for her outfit.
Interviewer:  I see. Wouldn't be like that if a good thunderstorm came up?
185:  I wouldn't think so. No it's usually wasn't usually was scarcely big enough to cover your head.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Uh say uh uh going onto something else in a minute though when you're making up your bed, the last thing that goes on. You call that the
185:  The bedspread.
Interviewer:  Bedspread.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Ever heard uh anything besides that? Uh maybe an older term, something that your grandmother might've said?
185:  Coverlet?
Interviewer:  Coverlet?
185:  Um I've heard that term, I'm familiar with it, but um it's not used very often.
Interviewer:  Hmm. #1 Do you think it's pretty much the same thing as #
185:  #2 It's # yeah it's pretty much the same thing as a bedspread.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard uh about something about you talked about the counter pins?
185:  The what?
Interviewer:  Counter pins?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  And #1 again talking about what goes on your bed, the thing that you rest your head on {X} #
185:  #2 Is a pillow. #
Interviewer:  Have you ever seen something uh like a pillow but uh a bit a bit larger it might've I don't know if they functional or not whether you actually use them in your sleeping or just might be put on a bed for looks #1 Kind of like a pillow but- A bowl. #
185:  #2 A bowl strip? # Yeah.
Interviewer:  Do you do you still see are those pretty common still or?
185:  Um yeah on a daybed type affair.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm, I see. What about this expression? You might say you were particularly uh long bowls you might say well it doesn't just go part-way across the bed, it goes
185:  All the way.
Interviewer:  Or talking about things on your bed again. Something a particularly heavy covering that you might use in cold weather people used to get together you know and {X} yeah.
185:  A quilt.
Interviewer:  Yeah. And have you do people still
185:  Do quilting? Yeah. um Not I don't think they get together and and make quilts um the people that {NS}
Interviewer:  We were talking about quilts when we stopped. Is there any particular name that uh for the the activity when a lot of women get together and do that? They say they're having a
185:  Um I've heard ru- I've read about quilting bees. I've never heard of any at home.
Interviewer:  Yeah. I see. Uh you know say if uh a family was having some some company over the weekend. There was some children along uh ever heard any of anything that you could put down on the floor
185:  A pallet.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Slept on one?
185:  I've never slept on one. My parents have slept on them.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. I see. W-what was it? Just uh uh
185:  Um us- um {NW} straw cornshucks, sometimes a thin mattress.
Interviewer:  Yeah. I see. There's some things about uh the land in general that I want to ask you about. I remember last time you uh mentioned something about bottom land. #1 Uh #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  Say uh a piece of land, low-lying land, that uh just uh grew grass or hay something like that on it. What would you call what would you call something like that? You'd say that was a
185:  A pasture.
Interviewer:  Just a pasture?
185:  A low-lying land that #1 grew nothing but #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. Grass. #
185:  grass or hay?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Probably just a pasture.
Interviewer:  You ever hear people in your part of the country ever use the word meadow very much?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  And last time you also mentioned land that was swampy or marshy land uh what uh is there a difference there?
185:  Um A li- yeah. A swamp is um usually standing water. And um marshy I usually think of as being low land, very wet.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  um standing water where when it's rained a lot.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  Um but not permanent standing water.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard uh one of those terms used refer to a a place along the uh the ocean
185:  #1 Yeah. A marsh? #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Yeah. Like grass growing in it? #1 That sort of thing? #
185:  #2 Yeah. # Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Well what about uh since you have some experience on a farm Do farmers use uh different terms when they're referring to different types of soil as to whether it's very good for growing or just about won't grow anything at all?
185:  Yeah they use different types of terms but I'm not I'm not real familiar with it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard uh oh something like loam? #1 refer to #
185:  #2 Yeah. # Loam sandy loam um the field that's a heavy field
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  is uh heavy soil has a lot of clay in it clay under it.
Interviewer:  What sort of soil would loam be considered to be? Is it good or
185:  Loam is very good. It's um it doesn't clog together. Like when you plow it you um it breaks well.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  When you plow it it turns over well. It um When it's wet {NS} um it's not like sand that it dries out immediately. It holds the water for a while but not like clay
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  which when it gets very wet is wet for a very long time
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and then and then packs.
Interviewer:  Mm. Have you ever uh run into the terms of buckshot or gumbo referring #1 to types of #
185:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  soil? Or say if if you had a a piece of of land that had a lot of water on it and you wanted to put it to cultivation uh you know the process of getting the water off of it, you'd say they were
185:  You'd have to drain it.
Interviewer:  Drain it. Hmm. And when you were doing that, you know, the things that you that you dig to carry the #1 water off? #
185:  #2 The ditch. #
Interviewer:  You call those
185:  A ditch.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Uh well talking about water a-and that sort of ting what about uh uh streams around Ocilla? Uh do you have uh do they have different names? Uh
185:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Are they # pretty uh prevalent around there?
185:  Yeah there are a lot of creeks around.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And they're usually all named.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
185:  #1 Creeks and branches. #
Interviewer:  #2 Do you remember # Do you remember some well creeks and branches. Is there a difference there?
185:  Yeah a branch usually runs into a into a creek and it's smaller than a creek.
Interviewer:  I see. Well is there anything smaller than a branch or is that as s-small as it goes? {NS}
185:  Um That's about as small as it goes as far as I know.
Interviewer:  I see. Uh Anything intermediate in size between a branch and a creek or is the creek the next largest as far as you know?
185:  Creek as far as I know is the next largest.
Interviewer:  And when it gets bigger than that
185:  It flows into a river.
Interviewer:  Mm I see. You mentioned can you recall right off the top of your head any uh uh particular names of those creeks? #1 Could you list #
185:  #2 Yeah. # There's um Reedy Creek there's um Jack Creek um Brushy Creek um Coochee Creek um which is Willacoochee and Withlacoochee. It's spelled both ways. um There's um those are the ones that I'm most familiar with. There're some rivers there's the Alapaha River and there's the Satilla River
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  that are in the county. There're a lot more
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  creeks that are in the county.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  But I'm just not familiar with their names.
Interviewer:  Well I don't know if you've been around the ocean very much, but do you have any idea what you would call say uh a little word that flows in and out with the tide?
185:  That'd be an estuary.
Interviewer:  An estuary. Heard that called a say a a slough or a bayou?
185:  Um that's bayou is Louisiana term. Um I've heard of slough. I've never heard it referred to as a slough.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. I see. Well say uh sometimes out in the woods you run across a place that might be have been uh cut out by water flowing along, say about you know ten feet across, ten feet deep. #1 Something like #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  that. What would you call a a place like that?
185:  That had been cut out by water?
Interviewer:  Yeah, by water flowing along you know by the erosion. Or you you were mentioning a a minute ago a rope swing. You might have ha- that'd be #1 a good place to #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer 3:  have one of those things.
185:  #1 If it if if #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  If it were deep, yeah #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  #1 so I think you #
Interviewer:  #2 you could # say you were swinging across the what? The uh Any particular name that you would use #1 to describe that? #
185:  #2 I can't think of any # particular name.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  It'd just be the um it'd be the run of whatever it #1 was. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Well let me ask you this. Say uh a place like that uh that's been cut out by very heavy rainfall. #1 You m- #
185:  #2 A gully. #
Interviewer:  #1 Call that a gully. #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  Yeah. I see. Would it be possible to call the the place the the other place #1 same thing? #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. # I would think it would be.
Interviewer:  Yeah. What about the the term ravine? Is that used very much around #1 your part of the country? #
185:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm #
185:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  Do you have any uh conception of what #1 a ravine is? #
185:  #2 Of what a ravine is? # Yes. {NW} #1 um #
Interviewer:  #2 uh #
185:  Okay it's usually very deep. Um Um often cut out by running water usually cut out by running water. um I think of a ravine more like um Providence Canyons over around Columbus
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  which is very very deep. Um but as far as ravine being used at home, no.
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. One other thing uh I wanted to ask you about in connection creeks and streams, rivers that sort of thing over in your part of the country, have you ever heard anybody use the word {D: hoobie} {C: hubi} to refer to uh some uh {D: water form uh}
185:  No. {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh {NS} Well talking about the land, say if a a small elevation in the land, say you were going up uh you know a slight incline, you were going up a little
185:  Hill.
Interviewer:  Call that a hill. Or uh have you ever heard that called anything besides a hill or just in general?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  {X} Well say that thing that you turn when you walk to open the door, you call that a
185:  That's a doorknob.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Have you ever heard that word used to uh in meaning the hill? Call that a knob?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay then. Or say when you know it gets very much bigger than a hill, the most tremendous thing, you call that a #1 regular #
185:  #2 That's # a mountain.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Or talking about uh mountains do have you ever heard any particular term for the very you know the rocky uh uh steep side of a mountain? #1 That drops off the edge #
185:  #2 The face of a mountain. #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Mm that drops over very sharply sharply Uh If you go much further you're gonna drop over the
185:  Over the side.
Interviewer:  #1 The side? #
185:  #2 Over the # edge.
Interviewer:  What about a cliff?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Not familiar with that. Or say uh a place in the mountains, maybe a low place uh where a road might go across. Uh #1 that called anything? #
185:  #2 A pass. #
Interviewer:  You call that a pass?
185:  Where it goes like between two mountains?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  The low place with the road going through? Yeah, that'd be a pass.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard the word uh well this has nothing to do with but sometimes you know when uh when uh hunters kill game every time they do it they make a little in the handle of their gun?
185:  A notch.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Have you ever heard that word used in conjunction with mountains?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Or say uh a place in the mountains where uh water uh uh drops a long distance, you call that a
185:  That's a waterfall.
Interviewer:  Uh uh this has nothing to do with mountains but the place oh uh where where boats unload their freight, they unload it onto the
185:  Dock. {NS}
Interviewer:  You ever heard that called anything #1 else? #
185:  #2 A wharf. #
Interviewer:  Wharf? Same thing?
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  What about uh uh pier?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Does that mean the same thing?
185:  Um #1 Basically. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Basically? # In uh in Irwin county, is there uh do you have a very good road system there or #1 or #
185:  #2 mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  What are what are most of your roads
185:  #1 Um #
Interviewer:  #2 made # of? What are they like?
185:  Well um there's still some dirt roads
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  um they get very muddy when it's rain, there's still some that are that are clay roads
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  and become virtually impassable.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Um the paved roads there are two kinds. There are regular asphalt roads and then um there are kin- there're what we refer to as gravel roads.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  They're tar and gravel.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  And um those are the two types of paved roads.
Interviewer:  Mm I see. Well do you have have have any roads uh uh this white
185:  #1 Concrete? No. #
Interviewer:  #2 Kind of yeah concrete roads? #
Interviewer 3:  Don't have anything like that.
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. Well say if you were uh right now in the country uh on the main roads uh uh and a little road goes off the main road. What would you call #1 that? #
185:  #2 A side # #1 road. #
Interviewer:  #2 You'd call #
Interviewer 3:  that a side road.
185:  #1 mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. # Or say uh a road that uh goes off the main road up to a farmer's house. What would you call something like that?
185:  It goes from the #1 road to his house? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. It goes up to # his house.
185:  But no further.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  Okay that'd be his um that'd be his lane.
Interviewer:  His lane. I see. Or say on a farm especially sometimes when the cows uh come come in from the pasture, they'll follow pretty much the same route.
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  They'll wear a place out.
185:  #1 That's a cow path. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Call that a cow path.
185:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. # Or talking about roads and and that sort of thing uh uh the place in town you know where where people walk alongside the street you call that
185:  A sidewalk.
Interviewer:  In in residential areas in Ocilla is there do you ever see some some grass between the street and the sidewalk?
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Have you ever do you recall ever having heard that uh called anything particular?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  I I don't know where I picked it up but uh I I can always remember uh calling that the tree lawn. and have you ever heard of that term?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  It's very rare we that we find somebody who knows what I'm talking about. You know the tree lawn. {NS} {NW} Um {NS} going onto something else say want to ask you this expression uh {NS} if you were walking along in the country and you were passing a farmer's cornfield uh and you saw some crows in there getting after his #1 corn #
185:  #2 mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  You wanted to do something about it you might reach down and pick up a
185:  #1 A rock. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm and #
185:  And throw it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. You ever heard that instead of throwing it people say something else to mean the same thing? You throw it at them?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  #1 Do you ever #
185:  #2 um # Go hit it.
Interviewer:  Heard anybody say chuck at them?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Or chuck me that?
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Do you associate that with an older person or do they {X} {NS}
185:  I would say an older person.
Interviewer:  Mm Be more likely to say chuck it in?
185:  I think so.
Interviewer:  Say uh the the place you live you call that your
185:  It's my house.
Interviewer:  Mm Or
185:  Home.
Interviewer:  Home hmm. Or you might say to somebody who's visiting you, "Why don't you sit down and make yourself"
185:  At home. {NS}
Interviewer:  This uh this beverage that a lot of people drink uh early in the day for breakfast
185:  #1 Coffee. #
Interviewer:  #2 uh # #1 You drink coffee? #
185:  #2 Yes. #
Interviewer:  How do you like yours?
185:  Um with cream.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
185:  Sometimes with sugar.
Interviewer:  If you wanted if you were ordering it, if you wanted milk in it, you'd say you drank your coffee
185:  With cream.
Interviewer:  Or if you used that word milk you'd say you drank your coffee
185:  With milk.
Interviewer:  Mm Well what about the opposite of that? You'd say I like my coffee
185:  Plain or black.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Can you use that word uh a form of that word 'with' in combination with another word to mean the same thing? No milk, I'd like my coffee
185:  Black.
Interviewer:  With?
185:  Oh with sugar.
Interviewer:  Mm-mm.
185:  What?
Interviewer:  No milk in it at all. It would not be with milk it would be with
185:  Without.
Interviewer:  Mm Coffee like that, with nothing in it have you ever heard that referred to as anything uh
185:  As black #1 coffee. #
Interviewer:  #2 Black coffee? #
185:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Anything besides black?
185:  I can't think of anything.
Interviewer:  You ever heard somebody order it straight?
185:  Mm I've heard it referred to as as straight.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  But never anyone order it.
Interviewer:  I see. What about barefooted?
185:  No. {NW}
Interviewer:  Now say uh another expression. If you uh happen to meet somebody uh that you knew someone you really weren't looking for him you might say, well I wasn't looking for so-and-so. I just sort of ran
185:  Ran into them.
Interviewer:  Mm {NS} Or say another expression. If a if a child has been uh given the same name that his father has you say that they've named the child
185:  Junior.
Interviewer:  Or Is there any other way of saying that besides he's a junior? They named the child #1 his fa- #
185:  #2 Little # so-and-so.
Interviewer:  {NW} Little so-and-so?
185:  Yeah well like say his father's named John and they call him Little John John Junior
Interviewer:  Yeah. What about this? You we're just going to fill this in uh they named the child his father.
185:  After.
Interviewer:  Yeah. {X}
Interviewer 2:  B-Barb Rutledge had a good solution to that and that was by using a girl and say they named the girl her mother. And they wouldn't say they named the girl they wouldn't name her junior, you see? {NW}
Interviewer:  Yeah.
Interviewer 2:  By the way while I {X}
Interviewer:  I want to ask you a few things about animals just uh you know this animal that barks you call it a
185:  It's a #1 Dog. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Uh Say if uh you wanted {NS} you wanted your dog to get after another dog, what would you say to it?
185:  Get him.
Interviewer:  Get him?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And if you wanted if you wanted him to to cease hostilities you'd say
185:  Stop.
Interviewer:  Stop. And if you wanted him to to come to you
185:  You'd say come here.
Interviewer:  What about a dog that's uh you know he's not a not a pure breed you'd call him a, he's just an old
185:  Mutt.
Interviewer:  That's a mutt?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Anything you've ever heard besides that? Mutt or uh
185:  Cur.
Interviewer:  Cur dog?
185:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah? # What about uh mongrel?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Will that do?
185:  #1 Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mean the same thing? # What about these little small dogs you know that like to nip at your heels and are always bouncing around, make you nervous
185:  #1 Chihuahua? #
Interviewer:  #2 You ever heard any # Yeah, yeah. #1 That's that's a particular breed, right? #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  You ever heard any any general term that people might use to apply to any sort of dog like that you know regardless of whether it's, you wouldn't say specifically chihuahua or whatever. That's just a little not familiar with that? You ever heard people uh use the word feist that way? That's just a little feist dog, you know, a chi-chihuahua?
185:  Yeah. #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Or talking about dogs if you were warning somebody about
185:  #1 Mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  #2 a # particularly vicious dog you might you'd say to me better, you better watch him he might
185:  He might bite you.
Interviewer:  'Cause yesterday he
185:  He bit.
Interviewer:  And he's
185:  He has bitten.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Farm animals. Far-farm animals. Say uh uh the male animal in a herd of uh cattle, you'd call #1 him the #
185:  #2 That's # the bull.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. You ever heard any say according to the situation I don't know about nowadays but but used to do you have any idea say if you were in mixed company if there were women present and that subject came up whether you might've used some other word besides that in referring to the animal? #1 {X} #
185:  #2 Besides # a bull?
Interviewer:  Yeah. You ever heard of that
185:  I've never heard of it no.
Interviewer:  You ever heard any sp- farmers use uh special words for that? Any special terms for a bull that a farmer might be more likely to use? Just #1 Just bull. #
185:  #2 Just bull. #
Interviewer:  Yeah. I see. Um uh and again long time but you don't see this much anymore but farmers used to plow with animals.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  The uh the animals that that they use you'd call they were usually
185:  Mules {C: NS}
Interviewer:  Anything besides that that might have been used oh long time ago that kind of resembled #1 bulls? #
185:  #2 Oxen. #
Interviewer:  Just oxen.
185:  They may have used oxen at home. I don't know that they did.
Interviewer:  What would you call a mule say if you had uh two of them together, you'd say you were plowing with a
185:  A pair.
Interviewer:  Pair of mules.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And what about the oxen? Would you say the same thing? You were plowing with a
185:  Probably a pair.
Interviewer:  Pair of oxen. Have you ever heard people uh say something like a yoke of oxen or #1 something like that. Yup. #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  And again talking about cattle uh you call a little one that would be a
185:  A calf.
Interviewer:  Or say if if you had a cow by the name of Daisy
185:  #1 Mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  #2 and # Daisy was uh was uh expecting a calf you'd say that Daisy's going to
185:  Going to give birth.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  Or going to calve.
Interviewer:  Going to calve.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see. Or have you ever heard uh something like uh uh she's going to uh freshen or come fresh to mean that?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Never heard that. Uh the animal that uh uh well you were you mentioned uh uh well I don't know if you did or not that the animal that uh you know at the Kentucky Derby they race.
185:  A horse.
Interviewer:  Hmm and the plural of that is
185:  #1 Horses. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # What do you call the male horse?
185:  He's a stallion.
Interviewer:  Ever heard him called anything besides stallion?
185:  A stud.
Interviewer:  Stud. Hmm. Now what about that word if it uh came up in mixed company uh would anything be likely to be substituted or do you just go ahead and say stud?
185:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  What about uh I'll ask you about the male horse. What about the female?
185:  The female's a mare.
Interviewer:  Oh a mare. {X}
185:  Or a filly.
Interviewer:  Mean the same thing?
185:  Um filly is younger than a mare. I think a mare is after she's been bred.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. I see. Say what do you say you do you you get on a horse and you begin to
185:  To ride.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and the past of that, yesterday I
185:  Rode.
Interviewer:  And I have
185:  Ridden.
Interviewer:  Uh Or somebody who couldn't stay on the horse, you'd say that he fell
185:  He fell off.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Or say if a if a child woke up in the morning, he was there on the floor beside his bed, he might say to himself, well goodness during the night I must have
185:  Rolled off.
Interviewer:  And again getting back to uh uh horses the things on the bottom of their feet that you know protect them, you call #1 those #
185:  #2 The shoes. # #1 Horseshoes. #
Interviewer:  #2 Shoes. #
Interviewer 3:  Horseshoes. You ever heard of uh of people playing a game
Interviewer:  #1 with those things? #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm # Horseshoes.
Interviewer:  #1 That's called horseshoes? #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  You say what do you say you're doing there?
185:  You're pitching.
Interviewer:  Pitching horseshoes. #1 {X} #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Yeah. I'm not too good at it.
Interviewer:  Yeah, I mean Well what talking about horseshoes what about the you know the the horse's feet in and of themselves. What do you call those that are protected by the horseshoe?
185:  Hooves.
Interviewer:  The hooves. And just one would be a
185:  A hoof.
Interviewer:  Uh what about uh uh I don't know if you had these animals or not in uh your part of the country. Were were there ever any sheep raised?
185:  Yeah. Yeah. They're not anymore but um up around say forty, fifty years ago they were quite common. #1 Quite common. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm # Do you happen to remember what the male sheep was called?
185:  He's a ram.
Interviewer:  A ram. And the female?
185:  Is a ewe.
Interviewer:  What what what what do people raise sh- sheep for?
185:  #1 For the wool. #
Interviewer:  #2 Wool. #
185:  For the wool and the meat.
Interviewer:  And the meat. Oh I see. Well uh You t- you mentioned last time we were talking about hogs, hog pens, that kind of thing. Uh what about the male hog?
185:  #1 He's a boar #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # He's called a boar.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And we'll say a little one. That'll be a
185:  A piglet.
Interviewer:  Piglet.
185:  Or a shoat which is older.
Interviewer:  Is is a little bit #1 older. #
185:  #2 Is a little # bit older a little bit bigger.
Interviewer:  I see, I see. And uh say a a hog that's been altered. You would call him a
185:  A barrow.
Interviewer:  A barrow. And uh uh you know these things that uh these stiff hairs on a hog's back. Can you
185:  Bristles?
Interviewer:  Those are the bristles. And some of them have these long
185:  Have tusks.
Interviewer:  Tusks. Yeah. Have you ever heard of, in your part of the country, of uh a hog that uh grew up wild? Were there any particular names for
185:  Wild boars.
Interviewer:  Those are wild #1 boars. #
185:  #2 mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  Have were they ever called anything besides that?
185:  Not that I know of.
Interviewer:  Just wild boars? Ever heard of a razorback?
185:  I've heard of it.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm #
185:  #2 But # not at home.
Interviewer:  Yeah, yeah. And when you were if you were feeding your hogs you know the things that you would pour the feed into you'd call that a
185:  That's a trough.
Interviewer:  Mm And the plural is
185:  Troughs.
Interviewer:  I mentioned a minute ago when I when you uh when you told well te- tell me about uh a barrow uh that had been altered
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  What do you say has been done to the hog? Uh altered or it's been
185:  He's been castrated.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of any other term besides that #1 or #
185:  #2 Cut. #
Interviewer:  Hmm. Would somebody be more likely to say cut uh
185:  Probably in female company.
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. I see. #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  What would a farmer be likely to say? Does he usually maybe your grandfather
185:  Um usually it's pretty often referred to as cutting #1 hogs. #
Interviewer:  #2 Cutting hogs? #
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Yeah. I see. What about the you know the noise that uh that a cat makes when it's being weaned? How would you describe that? You'd say listen to that cat
185:  I've never heard the noise that a cat makes.
Interviewer:  Well have you ever heard people say something like he's a a bellowing, a bawling #1 something like #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  that? Which one?
185:  Um both.
Interviewer:  Both bellow or bawl?
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Or say a c- uh cows when it's uh when it's uh feeding or maybe a a cow that wants to be milked. #1 How would you #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  describe the sound that it was making? Have any idea?
185:  Not really but it's it's pretty much the same thing as a bellow and a bawl.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm Do people around Ocilla ever say uh listen to that cow low or listen to that cow moo something like that?
185:  Yeah. But they do that whether they're milking or not.
Interviewer:  Mm Well talking about noises that these animals make, what about the noise uh made by a horse? You would describe that
185:  A neigh or #1 whinny. #
Interviewer:  #2 A neigh. #
185:  mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  You ever heard people who say uh uh uh nicker?
185:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 or nicker? # Say uh if you had a a just a general term that you would use in referring to animals like you know hens and geese and and guineas uh that sort of thing
185:  Fowl.
Interviewer:  You call it fowl. #1 Collectively, yeah. #
185:  #2 mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  Well talking about fowl, what about a a hen that's uh that's on a nest of eggs? You'd call that a
185:  She's a setting #1 hen. #
Interviewer:  #2 Setting # hen. Yeah. And talking about hens this thing that that farmers use to send their hens in market
185:  #1 mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  #2 to market in # you'd call that a
185:  That's a crate.
Interviewer:  A crate. You ever heard it called anything besides that? A little chicken
185:  Maybe a chicken box. #1 I don't know. #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh # mm. Well what about would you have a shelter #1 outside uh back where the #
185:  #2 mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  #1 What would you call something #
185:  #2 Yeah, that's the chicken coop. #
Interviewer:  Chicken coop. Have you ever heard that word coop used in referring to what I was describing? A little what you called uh #1 a box or a crate #
185:  #2 A box? #
Interviewer:  #1 Call that #
185:  #2 I don't think so #
Interviewer:  mm I see.
185:  I've never heard of it.
Interviewer:  Yeah. I see. Well talking about chickens you know when you fry chicken #1 especially #
185:  #2 mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  there's usually one piece that uh that the children like to get a hold of you know so they can #1 {X} #
185:  #2 The wishbone #
Interviewer:  Yeah, wishbone. Heard that called anything
185:  Pulley bone.
Interviewer:  Yeah. What is what is the story behind that? Uh what is uh
185:  Okay um you're suppose okay like you're supposed to make a wish. Both of you make a wish. And you pull and the person who gets the big piece I think his wish comes #1 true. #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-hmm #
185:  Or I may have it backward. I don't know.
Interviewer:  Well we began at three.
185:  #1 It it's it's been a long time since since we've done this. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. #
185:  But I I think it's the big piece that that one's wish comes true.
Interviewer:  I see. You don't happen to recall whether there were any particular names for the long piece and the short piece do you?
185:  Not that I know of.
Interviewer:  Well talking about meats uh I mentioned it in uh you know different cuts of meats uh names with stuff like that Have you ever heard any general or comprehensive term used in referring to the the inside parts of a hog that you could eat, you know, that you might not normally eat like the the heart, the the gizzard
185:  The lights?
Interviewer:  Call that the lights?
185:  Maybe so yeah.
Interviewer:  The light y- you've heard that used as kind of a comprehensive term #1 like we're talking about? #
185:  #2 I think so yeah. #
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard people refer to uh say the liver and lights?
185:  Yeah. #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # I see. I see. What about the word haslet? Have you ever #1 Ever heard that? #
185:  #2 Never heard that. #
Interviewer:  Okay. Or say uh you know when you when you slaughter a hog uh used to I don't know what they do nowadays but you could take the intestines, you know, clean them out
185:  #1 mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 use them for for # casings
185:  For sausage.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Still do it.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Have you ever heard of people taking those intestines you know and just cooking them? #1 Innards #
185:  #2 mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
185:  #2 mm-hmm. # The chitlins.
Interviewer:  Call that chitlin. #1 They were heavy? #
185:  #2 They smell. No. #
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  No.
Interviewer:  {NW} #1 {NW} #
185:  #2 um # You have to boil 'em before you fry 'em and um the best thing to do is to get your wash pot and go out where somewhere where you don't as far away from the house as possible and start boiling.
Interviewer:  That's right. Ah it's a delightful aroma, isn't it?
185:  I I've never smelled it.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh you haven't? #
185:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  Drive you straight out of the house.
185:  Um my my grandparents never never cooked chitlins #1 and um #
Interviewer:  #2 mm-hmm #
185:  my mother never would let my father my father never particularly cared to.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  And I'd one of us would ask about it and daddy would make some sort of half-hearted effort, well maybe we'll do it some time momma would say no.
Interviewer:  {NW} Yeah Yeah I've had that stuff before it's it's a good idea you know like you said to remove 'em as far #1 removed as #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  possible because {NS} think about the odor and what you're eating {D: that comes off} {NS} What about uh say on a farm if you heard your your animals begin to carry on say you your horses and your cows they're getting hungry. You might've said, well didn't know it was so late it's #1 right about #
185:  #2 It's feeding time. #
Interviewer:  Say uh since you've had experience on a farm this should be no problem but uh late in the day, you wanted to get your your cows to come up from the pasture. #1 mm-hmm #
185:  #2 Park it out there #
Interviewer:  and call to 'em. What would he say, do you remember? How would how he'd called his cows to get them to come up? from the pasture?
185:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Not sure about #1 that? #
185:  #2 No # my grandfather didn't have that many #1 cattle. We usually le- he usually left them down in the pasture. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. Hmm. #
185:  We usually le- we usually left them down in the #1 pasture. #
Interviewer:  #2 mm # Have you ever heard farmers uh around Ocilla say something like {D: soup cow}? Something like that? #1 Do you know what I'm saying? #
185:  #2 I've heard 'em say # soupy
Interviewer:  soup
185:  soupy
Interviewer:  soupy
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Get them to come in #1 like that? #
185:  #2 Yeah to get # the pigs to come in.
Interviewer:  I see. Well if you were just maybe not necessarily calling calling pigs to you but when you're feeding the pigs is there anything that you know people say kind of automatically when they're feeding their pigs that uh you know calling the pigs anything in #1 particular? #
185:  #2 I #
Interviewer:  Piggy piggy piggy piggy something like #1 that? #
185:  #2 um # Yeah.
Interviewer:  You have heard that.
185:  Yeah. mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Well what about to uh to chickens?
185:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 You # know you're feeding the chickens. What would you say? Here chick chick chick chick chick. Or I mentioned calls to to cows. {NS} Uh what about the calves? Do you have any idea? If that #1 would #
185:  #2 I have # no idea. Usually calf would follow its mother.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. Or say I mentioned we were talking about plowing #1 with animals. #
185:  #2 mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  Say if you were plowing with mules can you recall a a a farmer saying anything in particular to the mule, calling to the mule to get him to turn? left or right you know.
185:  Gee and haw.
Interviewer:  Gee and haw. Which is which, do you remember?
185:  Gee is to the left. right is to ri- haw is right.
Interviewer:  Haw right and gee left.
185:  mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  I see. Are {NS} are you gonna talk about {D: call of faith you were a} if you were a a uh riding a horse what would you say to it to to you know get him started from a
185:  Get up.
Interviewer:  Get up.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Or if you were riding along, what is anything that you say or or do maybe to you know maybe make it go a little bit faster?
185:  Yeah you gotta come on get up now and shake your reins and {NS} #1 kick him #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
185:  a little bit.
Interviewer:  Whip it, yeah.
185:  Yeah with your heels.
Interviewer:  And if you wanted him to stop you'd just say
185:  You'd just say woah and pull back on the reins.
Interviewer:  Or uh you mentioned there were there were sheep in the area. Have you have you uh possibly ever heard any calls to sheep?
185:  No. Um The sheep were u-were were pretty much gone by the time I was born.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. {NS}
185:  When you when you hear about people having sheep it's old people.
Interviewer:  mm. Yeah. Well say uh talking about horses uh if you wanted to get your horses ready you know to go somewhere
185:  mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  uh you know tend to put all that stuff on them you say maybe they'll ride and
185:  And saddle them.
Interviewer:  And saddle them or
185:  mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Is there anything else you've heard people say besides that? Maybe to refer to the whole process of putting the bit on you know and strapping on the saddle and all that you need to go up the horse's
185:  I can't think of no.
Interviewer:  Harness? Is that used in that sense?
185:  Harness is um usually for plowing. {NS} or for like the buggy or the wagon.
Interviewer:  Now are you are you talking about it as a noun? A harness?
185:  No no #1 as a #
Interviewer:  #2 Harness. #
185:  a-as a verb I'm #1 going to harness the horse. #
Interviewer:  #2 Going to harness the horse. # But
185:  But with a mule it's
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  um at least I think of think of it I I may be wrong. But I always think of it as as in terms of getting it ready to do work
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
185:  #2 when you're # going to um to ride the horse you'd saddle him.
Interviewer:  I see. Well you mentioned uh reins used in guiding the horse when you ride. What about the things that you use uh to guide the animal that you're plowing with? Any #1 particular #
185:  #2 Those are # traces.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
185:  #2 mm # Also reins, too.
Interviewer:  I see. Have you ever heard of of somebody refer to them as uh uh plow lines?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Same thing. I see. And get getting back to horses the those things that you put your feet in #1 when you ride #
185:  #2 Stirrups. #
Interviewer:  Say uh you have a couple horses hitched to a wagon. Have you ever heard uh the horse on the right referred to by any particular name? Say that's the
185:  I think he was the lead #1 horse. #
Interviewer:  #2 The lead # horse I don't guess they call the one on the left anything particular?
185:  They may have. I don't know.
Interviewer:  Ask you about a a few expressions. Say if uh if somebody is stopped and asks directions somebody might say well it's not far, it's just a
185:  #1 It's it's it's #
Interviewer:  #2 not far, it's just a #
185:  just a little piece.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  A little #1 ways. #
Interviewer:  #2 mm. # Or say if you've been traveling for you know a long time, you've not yet finished your journey you'd say you still have
185:  Had a long way to go.
Interviewer 3:  Excuse me just just a minute.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Another expression say if if uh {NS} something's very common and you don't have to look any special place for it you say well you can find that just about
185:  Anywhere.
Interviewer:  Or say if somebody slipped on something in your front yard and he fell this way till he fell
185:  He fell backward.
Interviewer:  And this way he fell
185:  He fell forward.
Interviewer:  Or uh say if somebody's been been fishing just had terrible luck catching things and uh somebody was asking him about it later well how'd you do? Might say ugh I didn't catch
185:  Didn't catch a thing.
Interviewer:  Ever heard anything else that might be used in that situation? You know in responding to a question like that?
185:  I can't think of anything.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard anybody uh uh say something like uh I didn't catch nary a one.
185:  Yeah, I've heard that.
Interviewer:  Or say if uh uh a school teacher has really gotten angered. Little kid in class really burned him up. Might say afterwards, well why's she picking on me? I
185:  I didn't do anything.
Interviewer:  Or say if uh I'm stumbling around your front yard yard and uh accidentally step on your rake and break it to smithereens.
185:  #1 mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 You # might say well don't worry about it. I didn't need that
185:  That rake. That old rake.
Interviewer:  Or maybe some kind of tag you could add on to that that sentence.
185:  That old rake anyhow?
Interviewer:  Yeah. I didn't like it
185:  Anyhow, anyway.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Or say if you find a little kid that's just you know he's crying his eyes out and you ask him what's the problem he might say, my friend's got all this this candy. He didn't give me
185:  Any.
Interviewer:  Or say if you happen to knew a kid that uh is spoiled rotten. What might you say you know and indicate probability that uh when that you know you think when that kid grows up that {NS} what's gonna be the the situation? I mean if probably he's spoiled now and when he grows up he'll have his trouble
185:  He'll
Interviewer:  Is anything you could do to that you know to indicate the probability that you know that this kid is gonna run really run into it when he grows up?
185:  He's likely #1 to. #
Interviewer:  #2 He's likely # to.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Or uh getting back to farming again for just a minute talking about uh if you have a real good yield you'd say that you raised a big
185:  A big crop.
Interviewer:  mm. Or again talking about the land if you have la- uh piece of land with a lot of bushes you know, trees and all that kind of thing which you want to put to cultivation uh you'd say you did what to the land in order to uh
185:  You cleared it.
Interviewer:  Cleared the land. I see. Have you have you ever heard any particular terms uh people might use to uh refer to a piece of land that's just been cleared
185:  New #1 ground. #
Interviewer:  #2 Call # that new ground. I see. Or say that you have just cut uh some hay off of a field. First time you've done this. When it comes back up again, have you ever heard that called anything particular? That's the
185:  I don't
Interviewer:  What about second cutting? Second cutting, third cutting, that kind of thing? Not familiar with #1 it. #
185:  #2 Not # familiar with hay.
Interviewer:  I see. Or say uh uh any any names for a crop that comes up even though you didn't plan it?
185:  A volunteer.
Interviewer:  Call that a volunteer. Uh You ever had any experience with with wheat in uh
185:  #1 Not wheat. #
Interviewer:  #2 your-not sure. # Let me ask you about this anyway just to see if you know it. When after the wheat's been been cut you say you tie it up into a
185:  Into a sheath.
Interviewer:  And when you have several of those, they're all put together, you call that a
185:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Maybe a bundle or uh Have you ever heard I know you've mentioned shock last time. Could you use that in that sense?
185:  You can do it with #1 corn. #
Interviewer:  #2 Shock. # mm-hmm
185:  You can shock corn.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm. And that means specifically
185:  That means you you take your corn, your corn stalks, and you stand them up in a bundle and tie them together.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. Well talking about corn, do you have any idea at all say you have the rough estimate of uh of uh how much uh corn to an acre would be a good yield?
185:  Um a hundred bushels plus is a good yield. Um a hundred and twenty, hundred and twenty-five is excellent. Below a hundred um you've got problems.
Interviewer:  Yeah. What about talking about corn, grain, that sort of thing this uh grain that horses particularly like to eat. Can you
185:  Oats?
Interviewer:  Oats. What do you say that you do to oats to separate uh uh the grain you know from the rest of it? You
185:  What do you mean like to separate the #1 grain? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
185:  #1 The oats #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
185:  from what? From the corn?
Interviewer:  Yeah. No from #1 the uh #
185:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  Well just just in general the process of of of separating you know
185:  Threshing?
Interviewer:  Yeah, yeah. What do you mean by that?
185:  By what, by by #1 threshing? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Yeah.
185:  Um it'd be harvesting.
Interviewer:  #1 That's harvesting? #
185:  #2 Yeah # but most people at home when they plant oats they plant it for um a green crop for grazing
Interviewer:  mm.
185:  for winter. That um they plant oats not so much to grow to a grain and harvest
Interviewer:  mm-hmm.
185:  but for something green for their livestock to graze.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. I see. I want to ask you about uh it's an expression. It's mostly having to do with pronouns. For example, if uh if we had to do a job together, you'd say that not just one of us has to do it but
185:  But both of us.
Interviewer:  mm. Or say that if uh you and another fellow are uh coming to see me. How could you indicate that without using his name? You'd just say that and are coming.
185:  He and I are coming to see you.
Interviewer:  Or how could you identify yourself again without using your name if uh if you knocked on the door of my house and you knew that I'd recognize the sound of your voice. You'd say aw open the door it's just
185:  It's just me.
Interviewer:  mm. Or say if uh another fellow came to the door, did the same thing and uh you were inside with me and and you knew that I w- you know would recognize the sound of his voice without using his name you'd say oh open the door it's just
185:  Him.
Interviewer:  Hmm and if it were female you'd say it's
185:  J- it's just her.
Interviewer:  mm and there are a group of people together it's
185:  It's them.
Interviewer:  Say comparing how tall you are you might say something like well he's not as tall as
185:  As I am.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm. Or again doing that you might say on the other hand I'm not as tall as
185:  As he.
Interviewer:  mm. Or comparing how well you can do something. You might say well he can do it better than
185:  Than I.
Interviewer:  mm. Or say if if somebody uh Dr. Patterson has been running for uh fifty miles and that's about it, he had to stop after that, you would say fifty miles is #1 {X} #
185:  #2 Is all. #
Interviewer:  Hmm?
185:  Is all he can do
Interviewer:  All he can do. Or uh if you uh well possessives. If something belongs to me I say that's
185:  Mine.
Interviewer:  mm and if it belongs to both of us we say that's
185:  Ours.
Interviewer:  And if it uh belongs to them it's
185:  Theirs.
Interviewer:  And to him it's
185:  His.
Interviewer:  And to her it's
185:  Hers.
Interviewer:  Say if uh a group of people have been over to visit you. Say they're about to go. Addressing them collectively you might say well come back again.
185:  Y'all.
Interviewer:  How about the possessive of that? Say for example if a group of people had come over in a car and #1 their lights #
185:  #2 mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  were on. uh you might say something well the lights in car are on.
185:  Well if I knew whose car it was I'd say it was his car but other I'd say y'all's
Interviewer:  Y'all's car? #1 Yeah. #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  You ever heard anything besides y'all's?
185:  #1 You all. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # What about for possession? So you said y'all's I was just wondering if anything besides that you know. You ever heard people around Ocilla say anything like y'all's's? Is that y'all's's?
185:  mm I can't think of anyone who says that right now.
Interviewer:  Just y'all's?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  mm I see. Say uh if uh you had been to a party and for some reason or another I didn't get to go and you were telling me about it you know after the summary and I wanted to know who was at the party, everybody who was there.
185:  #1 mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh. # I would probably ask you well
185:  Who's there? Who was there?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Or say if uh {NS} for example I had uh uh you went to hear somebody speak {NS} and uh I couldn't make it again for some reason. And uh I was asking you about it uh wanting to know what was said you know everything that was said I would probably say something like well
185:  What did he say?
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard people say either uh in response to those two questions uh who all was there or what all did he say?
185:  mm-hmm. {NS}
Interviewer:  Do you have any idea whether you you use that yourself?
185:  #1 I probably do. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # {NS} Or another expression say if uh uh but if nobody else we'll look after them. {C: not sure if we'll or will}
185:  mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  You say they've got to look after
185:  After themselves.
Interviewer:  Or if nobody else will do it for him, he's got to do it
185:  For himself.
Interviewer:  Tell me about uh uh some different types of types of bread that you're familiar with, just anything um
185:  Okay. We've got corn bread um rye bread um wheat bread raisin bread um light bread, which is white white bread um biscuits.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
185:  um Muffins rolls #1 that's about it. #
Interviewer:  #2 That's about it? #
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What about uh oh uh you mentioned corn bread. Uh {NS} when you think about corn bread uh do you think of of you know the the big round thing that you bake and uh just cook in the skillet? Or
185:  #1 Oh #
Interviewer:  #2 What's your # conception?
185:  My conception #1 of cornbread? #
Interviewer:  #2 Corn yeah. # Yeah.
185:  Um usually {NW} well it all depends. I've I've had it cooked in the skillet, baked in a pan as muffins, as corn sticks.
Interviewer:  mm.
185:  And #1 just mixed. #
Interviewer:  #2 What what # what do you mean by corn sticks?
185:  Corn #1 sticks? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
185:  Um Okay- well you've got you've got a corn stick pan um and it's cast iron and um you put your your corn bread batter in and they come out long about six inches long about inch wide about an inch they're
Interviewer:  #1 They're corn sticks {C: laughter} #
185:  #2 They're corn sticks. #
Interviewer:  Right, right. Just some type of molds or
185:  #1 Yeah. mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # I see. Well have you ever heard way back when when people making some kind of a corn bread uh actually in the fire place you know cooking it in the ashes, something like that. You familiar with #1 anything #
185:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  like that? Ever heard anything called ash cake?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  I see. Well what about the uh uh have you ever seen what I was starting to talk about corn bread cooked in a skillet, you know a great big #1 round piece of it yeah you know #
185:  #2 mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #1 so thick #
185:  #2 mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  What would you just call if is there any particular name that you would use and
185:  A hoecake.
Interviewer:  You call that a hoecake. Have you ever seen it prepared uh by pouring out the batter in maybe hand-size
185:  mm-hmm
Interviewer:  What is that?
185:  Um Griddle cakes? #1 Maybe. #
Interviewer:  #2 Griddle cakes mm. #
185:  I don't know. I don't know the the official name.
Interviewer:  {NW} Yeah. Well these things uh that people would especially like to eat if they had them fish, fried
185:  Hushpuppies.
Interviewer:  #1 Hushpuppies. #
185:  #2 Corn dodgers. #
Interviewer:  Corn dodgers. Same thing?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see. Well how do you make those things? Have any idea what #1 goes in them? #
185:  #2 Hushpuppies? # Yeah you've got corn bread meal
Interviewer:  mm.
185:  um onions an egg or two buttermilk some baking soda and some salt.
Interviewer:  mm. I see.
185:  And you mix it up and drop it in into your hot grease.
Interviewer:  mm. Well anything made with uh with corn meal that's uh also made in a deep dish and it's very soft, so soft that you can almost {D: no}
185:  Spoon bread.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Tell me about that. You know
185:  #1 I I don't know how you make it. I #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  I've had it before.
Interviewer:  Is it any comparative taste with uh anything?
185:  Spoon bread i-is very light.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  And um it's different from regular corn bread but
Interviewer:  Not as coarse or
185:  It's not as #1 coarse. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # I see. Does does the term uh uh you might have mentioned this I can't recall. Hoecake mean anything to you?
185:  Yeah. That's the the frying pan #1 full. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
185:  #1 About like that. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. # I see. What about uh Johnny cake?
185:  Yeah I've I've heard that but
Interviewer:  #1 Don't you're not that sure about it. #
185:  #2 I'm I I # I can't really say what it is.
Interviewer:  I see. Um {NW} You ever heard of corn pone?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What is that?
185:  It's corn bread.
Interviewer:  Just with #1 Corn bread generically. #
185:  #2 Corn bread generically. # #1 If if you #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh I see. # Yeah. I see. Why have you ever heard of uh corn bread along with uh uh corn meal mixed up with wheat flour and egg anything made or something like that?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  You ever heard of egg bread?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Is it uh is this
185:  But I've heard of it #1 I'm I'm not #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  sure. I'm not sure what it is.
Interviewer:  I see. In general a lot of people say that there are basically just two kinds of bread. There's the uh there's the kind that you make at home you know #1 homemade. #
185:  #2 mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  There's the kind that you buy at the store. You call that
185:  Store-bought bread.
Interviewer:  And this thing that uh uh people used to make at home a lot you know you make uh make your batter and you would pour it out so that it had a hole right in the center of it you call those things
185:  Doughnuts?
Interviewer:  Yeah. Ever heard a a doughnut called anything besides that?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  No. Or say if you uh if you had your doughnut batter and you you dipped it out you know just in clumps, without the hole in other words.
185:  mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  You have any idea what that would be called?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Not sure about that. List uh these things that people like to eat for breakfast especially. You mix up your batter and you you pour them out and you eat them with uh you can put butter
185:  Oh biscuits. #1 Is that what you're #
Interviewer:  #2 Or. #
185:  talking about?
Interviewer:  Well. Uh not exactly. You know you pour them out in the skillet and you
185:  #1 Pancakes? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Ever heard those called anything else?
185:  Flapjacks.
Interviewer:  Flapjacks?
185:  Griddle cakes.
Interviewer:  It's all the same thing? Um what about um uh hot cakes?
185:  mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Again the same thing? I see. Do you have any idea just roughly how much flour would probably come in a sack about that size?
185:  About about ten pounds.
Interviewer:  Uh and talking about baking bread, that sort of thing what would you what would you use when you're when you're as you're going to bake bread to make it rise?
185:  Yeast. But if you're doing um if you're doing wheat bread
Interviewer:  mm-hmm.
185:  you can use baking power and baking soda, which is what you use in corn bread.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. I see. I'm ask you uh uh uh what what what do you have for a typical breakfast?
185:  Me?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Toast and coffee.
Interviewer:  That's it?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  {NW} W-What else have you seen other people have?
185:  Um well you can have eggs and bacon and grits and toast and coffee. You can have um cereal hot and cold um sausage ham um you can fix biscuits for breakfast.
Interviewer:  mm.
185:  um Basically most people at home have eggs and bacon or or sausage. And um grits and toast.
Interviewer:  Well you talking about eggs can you tell me about some different ways of of fixing eggs as you know #1 about #
185:  #2 Okay # well you can um poach them boil them um soft-boiled and hard-boiled you can have um fry eggs over light over medium or over hard.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. Well talking about an egg, what about the uh the two parts of the egg uh one
185:  The the egg white and the egg yolk.
Interviewer:  You ever heard the yolk oh well the color of the egg yolk it's just
185:  It's yellow.
Interviewer:  Or say if uh if you were you were talking about bacon {NS} if you wanted to buy a lot of bacon at one time, not sliced
185:  mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  you'd say you just bought a whole
185:  A side.
Interviewer:  You ever heard people #1 {X} #
185:  #2 Or a slab. #
Interviewer:  Sl- side or slab with bacon. Yeah. Have you ever heard people refer to that as a middling?
185:  No. {NS}
Interviewer:  Not familiar with that one. I see. Or say uh some meat that you might cook along say if you were cooking cooking greens that you might boil along with the greens to give it a little flavor?
185:  Some {C: background noise} boiling meat.
Interviewer:  Boiling meat?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 What is that usually, you have any idea? #
185:  #2 It's fresh. # It you use fresh pork for greens. You can use um or you just go to the grocery store and get some um some boiling meat that you can use neck neck bones are good
Interviewer:  mm.
185:  um for greens um pork chops are also good.
Interviewer:  mm.
185:  Um shine bones. A shine bone.
Interviewer:  Tell me about that one.
185:  Um I'm not sure what they are but they smell really good {C: laughing} {NW} and um
Interviewer:  Shine bone.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Is it pork #1 or #
185:  #2 Yeah #
Interviewer:  It's pork.
185:  Yeah. And um then if you if you need um cured meat then you get ham hocks.
Interviewer:  mm. mm I see. Uh say uh well does that does that meat that you boil along with greens then usually have a good bit of lean on it or is it mostly
185:  Yeah it they ha- it it usually has a good bit of lean it has some fat too.
Interviewer:  I see, I see. Ever heard people call that fatback?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm. Side-belly?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Heard that too. I see. Uh talking about bacon again say if you were slicing the bacon off of the the side or the slab. You know that that tough part that uh you need to cut off because it doesn't go not sure about that
185:  Well uh you don't have to cut it off as good.
Interviewer:  What would you call it anyway?
185:  It's the rind.
Interviewer:  Call that the rind?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  It's good.
185:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 How are you going to # chew it up?
185:  Well you you you chew it long enough, you chew it. {C: laughter}
Interviewer:  {NW} How long is it going to take?
185:  A pretty good while. #1 Used to I used to like- it is. It #
Interviewer:  #2 It's worth it though, right? #
185:  It really and truly is worth it.
Interviewer:  Okay. Have you ever heard any general terms that people might use to refer to uh {NS} to to pork and uh {NW}
185:  As pork or hog meat.
Interviewer:  Pork or hog meat. Yeah. You mentioned a smokehouse.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  The uh the other day. What type of meat would you generally find in that?
185:  Pork.
Interviewer:  It's all pork?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  It's all different kinds of cuts? Or
185:  Usually bacon and hams.
Interviewer:  Those are the things that are smoked usually?
185:  They yeah.
Interviewer:  If if I'm
185:  And sausage.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Well if if smoked meat came up in the conversation, how would you react? What would that mean to you?
185:  It means it'd been cured.
Interviewer:  Just but any kind of meat, any kind of pork or or one particular cut?
185:  Well
Interviewer:  I mean could is smoked meat restricted to bacon or or ham or or what?
185:  It may not be restricted but it's usually they're the most common ones that are smoked.
Interviewer:  mm.
185:  Are hams and bacon and sausage.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. Well talking about meat uh what would you call a man who who deals in cuts of meat exclusively? He's the your friendly neighborhood
185:  Butcher.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Or talking about meat that's been kept too long you you'd say the meat's gone
185:  Rancid. It's #1 gone #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  bad.
Interviewer:  Or it has
185:  It spoiled.
Interviewer:  mm. What about butter? You know it's done the same thing. It's uh it's uh been kept too long to taste good. You'd say it was
185:  It's rancid.
Interviewer:  It's rancid. Have you ever heard any other term uh besides rancid that you could use in uh describing {NS} butter that's like that?
185:  I can't think of anything.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard anybody uh say it's funky?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Does that word mean anything to you?
185:  Funky?
Interviewer:  Funky yeah.
185:  Yeah but Not in #1 term #
Interviewer:  #2 Doesn't have # anything to do with bad butter.
185:  It has nothing to do with bad butter.
Interviewer:  What does it mean?
185:  Well it's sort of like um early nineteen seventies black hip.
Interviewer:  Hmm. That's a pretty good description.
Interviewer 2:  If it means hip #1 it means what is {X} #
185:  #2 Yeah. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  mm-hmm. I see. Uh getting back to meat what about the meat is there anything that you can can make with the meat from a hog's head?
185:  Yeah, you can make sow's meat.
Interviewer:  Sow's meat. #1 {X} #
185:  #2 Yeah. # Yeah.
Interviewer:  Pretty good?
185:  mm-hmm. You can also use it to um boil it down and use it to make Brunswick stew also. Head meat.
Interviewer:  Head meat. That's you're referring to what goes into Brunswick stew specifically
185:  Well it's generally the meat from the from the hog's head.
Interviewer:  That goes into the #1 sides too. #
185:  #2 Yeah. # Yeah.
Interviewer:  You have any idea what goes into that sow's besides uh uh the head meat is it spicy or?
185:  Yeah there's {C: thump} spices in it and I'm not sure what other kinds of meat go in it.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. Uh Sow's. Ever heard it called anything besides that?
185:  I can't
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  I probably have but I can't think of any right now.
Interviewer:  What about head of cheese?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 Called a head of cheese? #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  I see. Uh uh Is this a would an older person be more likely to say that or are they pretty much interchangeable?
185:  Probably an older person would say head cheese.
Interviewer:  Hmm I see. #1 {X} #
185:  #2 Sow's # meat or sow's is the most common.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Most common term.
Interviewer:  I see. You familiar with anything that can be made by a uh uh cooking and grinding up uh hog liver?
185:  Yeah. Chopped liver.
Interviewer:  Chopped liver? {NW} You familiar with anything uh well what about liver sausage? You ever heard of that?
185:  I've heard of it.
Interviewer:  mm. Is that the same thing as this uh liverwurst you see in uh
185:  I don't know if it's the same thing. I've never had it.
Interviewer:  Not sure about that. I see. Have you ever heard of anything uh made out of hog with hog's blood in it? Some kind of dish made with hog's blood.
185:  I can't think of any.
Interviewer:  Delightful thought, huh? {NW} What about something that you might uh had heard blood sausage there
185:  I've heard of blood sausage
Interviewer:  mm.
185:  but it wasn't from home.
Interviewer:  Yeah I see. Hadn't run across it in a book or something?
185:  Maybe so.
Interviewer:  You ever heard of anything that could be made by taking the uh the juice from the the sow's with the head cheese and mixing it up with uh corn meal, maybe some hog meat, cooking it that way?
185:  I've never heard of any.
Interviewer:  Never heard of scrapple? {NS}
185:  I've heard of scrapple, yeah, but
Interviewer:  It's just a #1 word. Doesn't #
185:  #2 Yeah #
Interviewer:  mean anything to you. I see. Uh milk. Have you ever heard of uh this thick sour milk that some women you know like to keep around the kitchen and make things out of?
185:  Clabber.
Interviewer:  Clabber?
185:  Also sour milk. Buttermilk.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. What can you make out of that stuff?
185:  Um usually you use it in baking and making corn bread. You've got to have it for corn bread.
Interviewer:  mm. I see. Is there any kind of uh of uh cheese that you can make from it? Uh
185:  Yeah. Cottage #1 cheese. #
Interviewer:  #2 Cottage # cheese okay, I see. We're talking about milk, you know after you've gotten the milk, what could you do to it to get some of the impurities out of it? You'd say you
185:  You pasteurize it.
Interviewer:  Pasteurize it or if you just passed it through a a wire mesh you'd say you were
185:  You strained it.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Something that you might have for dessert uh you probably
185:  {D: Well}
Interviewer:  Some I think I left off talking about uh well I was describing a dish uh something that might be cooked for dessert, you know?
185:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 Usually # in uh some sort of rectangular pan you could make it with slices of fruit, say apples or peaches usually has some kind of #1 crust on it #
185:  #2 A a pie. #
Interviewer:  Call that a pie?
185:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
Interviewer:  Sometimes uh can you have a pie cooked you know uh usually I I don't associate pies being cooked in a rectangular sort of container but rather a round dish
185:  Yeah uh you mean you're talk you're not talking about a deep-dish pie.
Interviewer:  A deep-dish pie.
185:  Uh-huh some people call it a cobbler #1 too. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # #1 Yeah, I see. So deep-dish pie and cobbler? #
185:  #2 And cobbler # #1 are the same things. #
Interviewer:  #2 Same thing? #
185:  Mm-hmm and then um a pie you can also have it cooked in a rounded pie plate.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And it can either have a crust over it or not.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {X}
185:  Yeah. Yeah. Deep-dish you have to put um more you you put water in it so that you get a lot of juice in it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. I see. Well what about is there any particular term you've heard say for example somebody might say so-and-so has a pretty good appetite. He sure puts away his
185:  His food.
Interviewer:  #1 His food? #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  You ever heard anything that might be a little uh on the joking or you know jocular side
185:  #1 {D: A fiddler?} #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: violence} # {X}
185:  Um yeah but you don't hear that too often anymore. Um the only times I've heard it like you said have been in in in a joking manner.
Interviewer:  Mm. Do you would anybody that you know nowadays use that naturally?
185:  No. Not naturally.
Interviewer:  Maybe it's an old-fashioned term?
185:  I would think so, yeah.
Interviewer:  Well say this stuff you know if you're having barbecue you might pour on some more barbecue
185:  Some barbecue sauce.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. A sauce and a gravy is there a difference there or are they the same? to you
185:  Between sauce and gravy. Um Yeah there's a difference. Gravy is with meat. It's usually made out of the um out of the drippings of the meat when you've cooked. Like a roast. You have roast beef and gravy and you take um the drippings in the pan and you make gravy from that. Or from frying chicken you can make gravy with the crumb the crumbs that are left in the pan. Sauce you, I usually think of as being something like a cheese sauce or a cream sauce.
Interviewer:  I see. Possibly gravy made with flour in it?
185:  Yeah. Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see. Say food that you eat between meals. You'd say you're having a
185:  A snack.
Interviewer:  You ever heard people call that anything else?
185:  #1 Don't think so. #
Interviewer:  #2 Having a snack or uh # Uh would that be the same as a bite to eat? You ever heard it used that way? Between meals?
185:  Yeah. Mm-hmm. Usually you'd say I'm gonna get a bite to eat.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. I see. Uh and that verb 'to eat', the past you say yesterday I
185:  I ate.
Interviewer:  And I have
185:  I've eaten.
Interviewer:  You mentioned last time you talk about talked about something that breaks. How about the past of that? #1 It- Mm-hmm. #
185:  #2 It broke. # And it has broken.
Interviewer:  And when you say if you pour yourself a glass of water, you say you
185:  You drink it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and uh
185:  Drank it and have drunk.
Interviewer:  Say if some company has come over uh for a meal and they're just standing around the table and you didn't want them to you know stay that way, you'd say well just go ahead
185:  And sit down.
Interviewer:  And that verb sit
185:  You sat and have sat.
Interviewer:  And uh if the people are around the table and you don't want them to wait until something's passed to them, you say go ahead
185:  Help yourself.
Interviewer:  And that verb help
185:  Helped and help.
Interviewer:  Say if some- somebody passes you a dish at a meal. You are not particularly crazy about it, you just tell them what?
185:  No, thank you. Or I don't believe I'll have any of that.
Interviewer:  Or I don't care for that?
185:  Or I don't care for that.
Interviewer:  Or say uh what, talking about food, what would you call food that been uh cooked and served a second time
185:  Leftovers.
Interviewer:  Call that leftover.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And you would, would you say they've been
185:  They've been um heated up.
Interviewer:  Heated up?
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard that uh people say it's been warmed over?
185:  Yeah. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Same thing.
185:  Right. Right. Warmed over and heated up are basically the same thing.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And when you begin to eat you put food in your mouth and you start to
185:  Start to chew.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard any any dish made by taking some corn meal and boiling it in water? Maybe add a little salt to steam it that way?
185:  No. It doesn't sound real good.
Interviewer:  No it do- {NW} {C: starting to say 'doesn't' then laughs} It has very little appeal {X} What about mush? #1 You ever heard of that? #
185:  #2 Mush? No. #
Interviewer:  Not familiar with that.
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Uh {X} the first time we talked, you mentioned a wash pot. #1 I don't know if you were familiar with it or not but way back when #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  out in the country people would take a big wash pot and they'd boil this stuff in it {D: drivet food} cook it that way, it's really whole kernels of corn you boil them you know and they kind of puff up {X}
185:  Hominy.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of that?
185:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 any of that? #
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  You ever seen it? Seen
185:  I've never seen it being being made. I've heard my um even my father or some of his family's made it before but that was years ago.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Usually the hominy you get now you get it, it's canned.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
185:  In the grocery #1 store. #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. # Well say talking about starch you could {D: with another one} if you might have oh it grows you know in uh flooded fields? Especially in Louisiana.
185:  Rice.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: everything that growing?} #
185:  No. No um they don't grow any rice at home.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Um it's not low enough and swampy enough.
Interviewer:  I was really ignorant when I was traveling around this summer. I got into Arkansas and I'm traveling on like my God they must've had terrible rain around here. All your fields are flooded. Rice field. I had never seen rice before. I didn't know what it was. Uh this stuff that I don't know that you have it around Ocilla anymore but in Alabama some places you still hear about people going up the hills and making their own uh
185:  Their own moonshine. Yeah. Um they don't grow they don't make too much of it at home anymore. The price of sugar got too high a couple of years ago. But um there used to be some real good moonshiners at home. Real good coppersmiths too. All copper um vase coils, the worm, and everything
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  R- Yeah um there's one man who told my who told Daddy that um if you ever want any good moonshine, just let me know. I know someone's got an all copper still. I can get it
Interviewer:  #1 for you. #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. # And one time when we went out to my grandparents and um somebody out in that a- area had a still and was running a batch because you could smell it everywhere it sm- it smelled it smelled just like liquor.
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  But you could smell it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. The worm you mentioned. What is that?
185:  The worm is the coil. Um but it's twisted it's it's the um the condensing coil, I guess.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  Um I've always heard it referred to as the worm.
Interviewer:  I see. You ever taste any of that stuff?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  You ever heard that people around there are taught anything about moonshine or?
185:  White lightning.
Interviewer:  White lightning.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Can you remember anything besides that? Moonshine #1 and white lightning, anything besides that? #
185:  #2 White light- # That's about it.
Interviewer:  I have heard some colorful expressions for that.
185:  Um Daddy's had some and he's he said that that it should have colorful expression.
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  it um it's I get it's basically pure alcohol, I don't know. He said it really packed a wallop.
Interviewer:  {X} Well have you anything like that maybe but maybe not as powerful that uh is not necessarily made in stills I guess
185:  That's tub gin?
Interviewer:  That's tub gin.
185:  My grandfather and uncle makes made a batch of bathtub gin one time back during Prohibition.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And um no my mother says some- oh well occasionally if you ask her about it will say something about it but not much. Um it didn't turn out too good. Um some people at home I think once made beer. But you I don't hear anything about that in there. And there's some people at home who now make wine
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  since home wine-making has become sort of sort of a popular fad.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. I see. Any of that you've mentioned, have you ever heard it called homebrew?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
185:  #2 Um # just sort of referred to it as um as home brewing.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Um I think my my my mother referred to um my grandfather ran off the batch of bathtub gin as doing some home brewing.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And um I had an uncle who made wine before he died and um he would be cheered about about home brewing
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  referring to his wine-making.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. I see. Where's that {X} {D: Right off} the back again and sell it to have
185:  I don't know. Um I don't know if it's not at the house. I think it tasted really awful.
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  They wound up throwing most of the batch out.
Interviewer:  {NS} I cut my hands making one one time turned out to be vinegar {X} Hey uh this is an expression. If you uh if there's something in the kitchen cooking, you might think Mm that sure does
185:  Smell good.
Interviewer:  And this uh stuff that that uh Don't know if you fancy this or not but that people like to if they have his pancakes up, pouring it on their pancake?
185:  The syrup.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  I don't think so.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Is there something like like that except maybe a little different? You distinguish between syrup and uh
185:  #1 And molasses? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
185:  Um well we have cane syrup at home and some people I've never really understood what the difference between that and molasses is.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And wha- oh we got some molasses last year at the grocery store my roommate and I did here at school. And I used it a couple of times and finally tasted it and it tasted just like cane syrup from home. {NS}
Interviewer:  Yeah somehow I get the idea that molasses might've been thicker or darker and prettier, something like that. I don't know. You ever heard any terms other than for those things other than syrup and molasses?
185:  I can't I don't think so.
Interviewer:  You have heard of them, the short sweetener and the long sweetener
185:  I read about it. But um I I've never heard people refer to it as short sweetener or long sweetener.
Interviewer:  Say uh this expression that could really say if I have a a belt that's made out of cow hide I might say something like well now this isn't imitation cow hide, this is
185:  Real leather or genuine leather.
Interviewer:  Or again getting back to what you might uh say put on biscuits when you're eating breakfast you don't pour syrup on it. Uh you might uh spread some
185:  Some butter on and um
Interviewer:  It's stuff it made made out of different fruits
185:  #1 Oh #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  Some jelly or some preserves.
Interviewer:  What's a different thing {X}
185:  Okay jelly is made from the juice of the fruit. You take your fruit and you cook it with water and you get your jelly when you get your juice. Then you make your jelly from that and you have to add sugar and you {X} it doesn't have enough natural peptin in it. Peptin is what makes it set up And then you cook that and pour it into your hot jars and then seal it and preserves are made with the actual fruit itself. Um say Okay we make pr- pear preserves at home and you take your pears and peel them and cut them up and put a lot of sugar on them and then you just let them cook slowly for about twelve to fourteen hours.
Interviewer:  {NS} I see. Uh this expression, say if uh you have something that I want immediately I might say you
185:  Give it to me.
Interviewer:  And uh this expression say if I were pointing out a group of boys who'd done something like broken somebody's window I might say something like well now it wasn't these boys right here it was
185:  It was them.
Interviewer:  Or another demonstrative that you might use. Not these boys but
185:  They.
Interviewer:  Or these or like these right here but
185:  Those.
Interviewer:  Over there yeah. Or if I'm uh uh trying to direct somebody somewhere I might say uh here doesn't live here it's
185:  There.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm or it's right
185:  Over there.
Interviewer:  Or if I'm directing somebody again in how to how to do something I might tell them well now don't do it that way, do it
185:  This way.
Interviewer:  Uh Ooh to you what would be the the opposite of rich? That's
185:  Poor.
Interviewer:  And uh say this expression you might say something the fact that uh well if if a man has a lot of money, he doesn't have much to worry about but uh life's hard on a man
185:  That's poor.
Interviewer:  And uh for this expression you might say somebody's asking you well uh {D: let's take a look at that orchard, that tree or something like that} {D: I ask going now} is that yours? {D: I nod and I think uh} of the man across the street. He's the man
185:  Who owns it?
Interviewer:  And then this expression I might say something like uh well when I was a boy uh my father was poor, but next door was a boy
185:  Who was rich.
Interviewer:  What kind of uh do you have any kinds of of fruit that grow naturally in Ocilla?
185:  #1 Um #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  Yeah. I guess they're natural. I don't know. Yeah they're plum trees. We have plums and we have pecan trees and um which are a nut and not really a fruit um there are black walnut trees um pear trees but I'm not sure if they're native or if they've been brought in. Um grapes um scuppernongs which are sort of like muscadine grapes um people have peach trees but I'm I don't know if they're native or if they've been brought in.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And um pomegranates um figs and blackberries which I'm pretty sure are native. They're pretty much everywhere. And um blueberries grow there, which were developed over in Tifton at the experiment station.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And um There are huckleberries which are native. They grow down on the Alapaha River. Um persimmons #1 That's about all I can think. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 That about get you? #
185:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 No uh raspberries? #
185:  No, no raspberries.
Interviewer:  Mm I see. What about this uh you know the type of tree that Washington was supposed to have cut down
185:  The cherry tree.
Interviewer:  Did uh that that heart inside part of a cherry, what do you call that?
185:  That's the pit.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh you mentioned uh peaches. What do you call the heart inside part of the peach?
185:  Um peach pit or sometimes the stone.
Interviewer:  Did you ever call it the seed?
185:  No, we've always called it the pit or the stone.
Interviewer:  I see. Do you have this type of peach there in Ocilla you know the meat is kind of tight against the stone?
185:  Yeah. Cling stones.
Interviewer:  Cling stone.
185:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  And what about you know that other type
185:  The Albertas? They're free stones.
Interviewer:  Free stones. I see. Well you know the inside part of an apple that's left when you've eaten around it, you call that
185:  That's the core.
Interviewer:  {X} Have you ever heard of uh taking or cutting up sli- well sliced up fruit and letting it dry?
185:  #1 Mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  #2 and # using it you know in cooking
185:  Yeah um they don't do it much now because people d- can freeze things but um my grandmothers talked about drying things, about drying fruit um especially drying fruit up in the mountains. They do they they dry apples a lot up there. I've seen my relatives up there drying apples um and what they used to dry at home a lot were beans and peas to use during the winter.
Interviewer:  I see. You ever heard that called anything in particular any name for the the dried fruit? or you just call it dried fruit?
185:  Just just dried fruit.
Interviewer:  Yeah. You ever heard of the term {X}
185:  No.
Interviewer:  {D: for breakfast and then?}
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Uh you mentioned uh something about nuts a minute ago pecans and walnuts any particular name for the outside covering of a walnut? You'd call that, you have to crack the
185:  The hull.
Interviewer:  The hull.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Is that is that the type of nut that has the something that has the soft covering that'll stain your fingers?
185:  Yeah yeah.
Interviewer:  Now that part is the hull?
185:  Um on a on a pecan or a pecan #1 that #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah #
185:  part is the shuck.
Interviewer:  I see.
185:  and then the hull is the um hard part that you crack. As far as a walnut goes I don't know what that what that great big outer layering is that you have to um scrape off and get down through that sort of pulpy part
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  before you get down to the hull.
Interviewer:  Yeah. I was wondering if you would ever make reference to a walnut shell? Or just hull?
185:  #1 Just a hull. #
Interviewer:  #2 Just hull. # Okay. Uh uh this probably doesn't grow around Ocilla it's a type of nut that you see uh around Christmastime a lot in stores, have a long oval shaped nut
185:  Brazil nut?
Interviewer:  Brazil nut? Ever heard those called anything else?
185:  Nigger toes.
Interviewer:  Yeah. What about almonds?
185:  Almonds don't grow at home.
Interviewer:  They're available though?
185:  Yeah you can get them at the grocery store.
Interviewer:  This uh fruit that grows uh uh especially well in Florida and California. That's the
185:  Orange.
Interviewer:  Yeah. And this expressions I might say well I had a bowl of oranges on the table this morning but now they're
185:  They're gone.
Interviewer:  Getting back to vegetables this uh rather small uh red-colored root vegetable, kind of hard, has a peppery taste to it you know uh some people slice it up and put it in green salads
185:  {X} No
Interviewer:  Some some people call them horse
185:  Horseradish.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Does that grow around?
185:  Well not that I know of um some people may do it but not that I know of.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Well I'm sure this grows around there. A lot of people uh grow these oh you know great big red vegetables uh uh it's like a make a sandwich out of it, put it in uh
185:  #1 Onions? #
Interviewer:  #2 salad #
185:  No.
Interviewer:  #1 Well it #
185:  #2 onion? #
Interviewer:  uh
185:  Beets? No.
Interviewer:  Some people put stakes down you know in the vine?
185:  Oh tomatoes
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Tomatoes, yeah.
Interviewer:  Do you have the small variety that doesn't get much bigger than that?
185:  The cherry tomatoes?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Um yeah. Some people grow them in their yard. Most people though who have them who have um gardens on on their farm may have a hill or two of those but usually they grow um larger tomatoes and um sell them in the early summer.
Interviewer:  I see. Ever heard that small variety referred to as {D: commie toes}?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Uh this uh uh another vegetable that you might have for a meal with your meat, you might have meat and
185:  Potatoes.
Interviewer:  Different types?
185:  Yeah Irish potatoes and sweet potatoes. And um sweet potatoes I guess everybody knows what those are.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 You ever heard them called anything else or #
185:  #2 Yams. #
Interviewer:  {D: yes}
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Same thing?
185:  Yeah but m-m-most people say sweet potatoes.
Interviewer:  I see. You mentioned onions a minute ago. Are you familiar with this variety {D: Well back in the south it's kind of small} but the stalk attached to it
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  You can think of a name?
185:  #1 We've just always called them green onions #
Interviewer:  #2 Green onions. Yeah. # Uh some can you just name uh just {NS} right off the top of your head a few things that would go in a good vegetable soup?
185:  In a good vegetable soup? Um some tomatoes, some potatoes, and some carrots and maybe some peas, some leftover English peas if you have those um just about anything you want to put in. #1 In the soup. #
Interviewer:  #2 What about # this stuff uh you didn't mention usually it's about so long kind of slender, green uh you can slice it up, fry it, or some people oh it gets a little bit slimy
185:  Okra! Yes, okra's good.
Interviewer:  How do you like to eat that?
185:  Um fried or boiled. Either way is good.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  Preferably fried.
Interviewer:  Mm I like the stuff too either way really. Say uh if you leave an apple around in the sun, not long before it'll dry up
185:  And wither. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Any other word you can think of mean about the same thing? It'll {D: puff} uh for that process? Wither or
185:  #1 Where it dries up? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # As it gets smaller it'll
185:  It dehydrates is what it does.
Interviewer:  What about would you ever say shrivel?
185:  Yeah Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  #1 Say #
185:  #2 Yeah # #1 Shrivel. #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. #
185:  Okay.
Interviewer:  Uh What about some leafy vegetables?
185:  Um turnips collards mustard um beets um cabbage
Interviewer:  And the main ingredient for green salad
185:  For a green salad is lettuce.
Interviewer:  You mentioned uh turnips #1 {X} #
185:  #2 Yeah. # Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Say if you if you cut off the tops of a lot of turnips. You'd say you have a mess of
185:  Turnip greens.
Interviewer:  Ever heard that called anything besides mass of greens or a mass of turnip greens?
185:  There's turnip salad only that's when they're real small leaves.
Interviewer:  I see. {X} say salad?
185:  Not just salad.
Interviewer:  What about uh a few different kinds of beans that grow around your area?
185:  Um there are green beans that grow on little bushes in the garden and then there're pole beans which most people grow on some sort of trellis or or fence and make them run a little bit. Those are about the only kind of beans that are at home. Um the green beans are sort of a a small round snap bean. And then um butter beans and um some people also grow butter peas and then they grow English peas and what's known as field peas.
Interviewer:  I see. You've just picked a lot of butter beans, you take them inside, you say you have to
185:  You have to shell them. Or you shell butter beans. You snap the other beans.
Interviewer:  I see. I always preferred snap {D: for sure}
185:  Yeah. Much less work.
Interviewer:  If uh Howard's going to send you to the store. He got some lettuce. I'd say something like well go up there and get me two
185:  Two heads of lettuce.
Interviewer:  Or have you ever heard anybody refer say he had uh a lot of children maybe seven boys seven girls something like that uh he'd say that he has uh he has fourteen anything
185:  Fourteen children. Fourteen younguns.
Interviewer:  Fourteen younguns yeah.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Anybody you can remember ever referring to the children or you know the number as I have so many head of children?
185:  No. No, not as not as head.
Interviewer:  What besides lettuce and that sort of thing have you ever heard referred to as something head?
185:  Uh livestock #1 especially #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah #
185:  cattle.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Yeah I see. Or going back to about all the fourteen children talking about the number. You'd say that that guy has a whole
185:  A whole passel, a whole mess.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  A slew of children.
Interviewer:  Slew. {X}
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Uh {NS} corn talking about corn that outside covering over near your corn you call that
185:  That's the husk. Well the shu- that's the shuck. It's not the husk.
Interviewer:  I see. And you know on a a stalk of corn the stuff that grows right out of the top of the stalk
185:  The tassel.
Interviewer:  Call that the tassel. Well what about you know the
185:  It's also called some people call it the tassel.
Interviewer:  The tassel?
185:  #1 Mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah # Anybody who'd be more likely to say that?
185:  Um my grandparents refer to it as tasseling out.
Interviewer:  Tasseling out?
185:  Uh-huh. And um
Interviewer:  That means it's
185:  That means that There are that means that it's tasseled out, the tassels have come on in the in the early summer and you're going to have corn in a few weeks. And um their tenant farmer always refers to it as the tassel.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. I see. You know that stuff that you have to brush off the ears. You call that
185:  Those are the silks.
Interviewer:  {X} names you know of people might use to refer to you know corn that's tender enough to eat right off the cob?
185:  Um roasting ears.
Interviewer:  Roasting ears. Ever heard ever heard people call it mutton {X} mutton corn?
185:  #1 No #
Interviewer:  #2 Just roasting #
185:  Just roasting ears.
Interviewer:  And this these things uh well you see them quite fre- frequently now around Halloween people will uh buy them gonna make a
185:  Pumpkins.
Interviewer:  Yes. Do those grow around uh #1 Ocilla? #
185:  #2 Yeah # Um my grandparents usually grow pumpkins each year. They didn't have any of this last year um they couldn't gain seed.
Interviewer:  Yeah I see.
185:  But usually they grow pumpkins.
Interviewer:  One of the vegetables I don't think you mentioned uh usually yellow and has {X}
185:  Squash.
Interviewer:  Like that?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  Real well. Either fry it or boil it or put it in casserole. Just about any way.
Interviewer:  Yeah. What say uh s- different types of melons uh
185:  Yeah watermelons and cantaloupe are the pri- are the main melons that grow down at home.
Interviewer:  S- have you ever heard of anything like uh a muskmelon?
185:  Yeah Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Now is that unusual?}
185:  It's not like a cantaloupe. A cantaloupe is round and a muskmelon or a mushmelon
Interviewer:  Same thing.
185:  Yeah is is a li- is a little longer oval more elongated and tastes very much like a cantaloupe but I think has maybe a s- a little s- a slightly stronger flavor.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. I see. Uh You mentioned watermelons. Do you have different colored uh meats #1 {X} #
185:  #2 Yeah # Red meat and yellow meat
Interviewer:  Seemed that I've asked you {X} uh is it far as you know is there any way uh distinguishing between a red meat and yellow-meated watermelon without cutting it?
185:  Um I think there is. If you know what varieties you've planted.
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  Um they'll either have a different shape the yellow-meated watermelons I've seen have been round and dark dark green. And um there's also a red-meated watermelon that's about the same color, a cannon ball. And um so that if you really knew your watermelons you might be able to. But I'm not I don't know.
Interviewer:  Any difference in taste #1 as far as you're concerned? #
185:  #2 as # far as I'm concerned no.
Interviewer:  These things uh sometimes you see them growing wild in people's yards or they might grow in the woods you know. They look like little open umbrellas? About so big {X}
185:  Mushrooms?
Interviewer:  Yeah. uh is is there something like a mushroom except uh #1 you know you can't eat some of them #
185:  #2 yeah #
Interviewer:  #1 but #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  is there something by a different name that's bad for you?
185:  Um
Interviewer:  Make you really sick?
185:  Well they have toadstools and I've never really known what the difference between a toadstool and a mushroom was. and um we've just always always left them alone
Interviewer:  Yeah. Yeah. I see. Well say if somebody was uh oh had a sore throat and he was trying to eat something. Piece of steak maybe. He might say well I sure would like to but I just can't
185:  I just can't swallow it.
Interviewer:  And these things that people smoke either
185:  Cigarettes
Interviewer:  Or
185:  or cigars or pipes.
Interviewer:  Say uh a lot of people were at a party. perhaps somebody began to play the piano and they all gather around and start
185:  Start singing.
Interviewer:  Or somebody told a funny story, they start
185:  Laughing.
Interviewer:  Uh say if uh somebody offered to do you a favor you might say something like well I sure do appreciate it but I just don't want to anymore.
185:  I just don't want
Interviewer:  to be
185:  to be beholden.
Interviewer:  Beholden yeah. Or anything else you know that mean the same thing pretty much?
185:  #1 um #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: withholding or} #
185:  be in debt #1 to. #
Interviewer:  #2 in debt yeah. #
185:  I don't want to owe any woman.
Interviewer:  What about obligated?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Same thing?
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Say if somebody asks you about doing a certain job uh and you would you might well say well sure I
185:  Sure I'll do it.
Interviewer:  Or emphasizing the fact that you are able to you might say sure I
185:  Sure I can.
Interviewer:  And the negative negative of that {X}
185:  I can't.
Interviewer:  Uh say if uh there's a really bad accident on the road somewhere uh you might say well it's really not eh you need to call a doctor because {X}
185:  Was dead.
Interviewer:  Or say if a farmer went out to inspect his corn and uh talking about you know the fact that the corn seems short
185:  #1 Mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  #2 he might say something like well # that's funny. For this time of year it be taller.
185:  it ought to be.
Interviewer:  Or the negative of that. Now you might say about that kid well he got a whipping because he did something he
185:  He oughtn't or he shouldn't.
Interviewer:  Do you use can you remember if you use oughtn't naturally?
185:  I u- um not oughtn't. I say ought to be
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  with no trouble. I usually say shouldn't.
Interviewer:  Yeah yeah. Or speaking of say daring somebody to do something have you ever heard you know the negative of that? Uh I'll I'll dare you to go in that graveyard but I'll bet you
185:  You daren't. I've never heard people use it. I've I've read books and they've used it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  But I've I've never heard anybody at home say it.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard or read any kind of uh pronunciation for that that was a little different than daren't?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Ever heard somebody say dassent or read that?
185:  Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  Or you're refusing to do something in a very strong way. You might say well now I don't care how many times you have to do that I just
185:  Want
Interviewer:  Or uh suggesting say the possibility of your being able to do something. You know you're kind of unsure you might think well uh I'm not sure but I could do it.
185:  But I might do it.
Interviewer:  Ever heard anybody say something you know almost the same as that. I I might do it or I might
185:  Or I might not.
Interviewer:  Yeah. I was what I had in mind was uh you know uh the double modal like might could? Hear people use that much? I might could do that for you.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  I've I I've I've I've heard people say might could I think I may have said it occasionally.
Interviewer:  Yeah. You have more than likely
185:  I ima- I imagine so.
Interviewer:  Me too {D: do I} Let me ask you a few questions about uh different animals. Birds you know these birds that are supposed to be able to see in the dark? Call that
185:  An owl? Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Do you know the different types?
185:  Yeah there's barn owl and brown owl and um that's about all I can think of right now but there's several different types.
Interviewer:  Barn owl and brown owl. They pretty good sized?
185:  Um bar- a barn owl is pretty small and a brown owl is pretty small too. The last brown owl I saw was in there's a vacant lot that's next door to us
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  and um I was walking down the street and I heard this owl and looked over and cou- I couldn't see it {NS} and then he stayed there for a day or two he was just sitting in a tree just roosting there and um daddy came home and said asked us if we knew that there was an owl in the tree, in one of the trees next door, I said {NW} that I'd looked for it and but I couldn't find it and he said yeah it was over there and so we went back out and you could see it. It was a brown owl.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  It wasn't very high. I guess it was maybe six inches tall. Sort of like in in the crotch of the of the tree and um blended right in.
Interviewer:  Well it I wondered if that's the same as uh well I'm thinking of a kind of small has a real high-pitched kind of piercing uh sound it makes
185:  This wasn't high-pitched and piercing.
Interviewer:  Ever heard the screech owl?
185:  Yeah. Mm-hmm. They're those are at home too
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  Cause I I've heard daddy talk about them.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh a big one another one that I think about a big one was uh really deep voice you know you hear it night a lot uh
185:  I've heard them I've owl that um be out camping along the river I've heard those. I don't know what kind they are though.
Interviewer:  They're big, brown. Those hoot owls?
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Well this bird that drills holes in trees you call that
185:  A woodpecker.
Interviewer:  Different types or
185:  Um the only type we have at home is a red-headed woodpecker. Um there's an ivory-billed woodpecker but I think they're probably extinct by now.
Interviewer:  Uh you ever heard people refer to a woodpecker by any other
185:  As a as a as a #1 pecker-wood. Yeah you said pecker-wood. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah I say pecker-wood. # Terrible. {NS} Do you ever heard a person refer to another person as a pecker-wood?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard that term at all in that
185:  Yeah um I mean {D: the Oh-keys} southern politics right now and he he uses that word as um as politicians referring to people as pecker-woods.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Kind of derogatory uh
185:  I I thinks I think he's talking about basically about um about rural people.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And um I think basically ba- basically the people who who voted for Jean Town and
Interviewer:  Yeah I see. Well this animal that gives off a powerful odor you know {X}
185:  A skunk. Yeah um Our some people who no longer live next door to us um their children brought one home one time and um they really got quite smelly. And um it's against the law in Georgia to have a caged wild animal. So um we called the game warden. He came and and took the skunk away.
Interviewer:  {NW} Well have you ever heard people call a skunk anything else besides that?
185:  I don't think so.
Interviewer:  No polecat.
185:  Oh yeah. Yeah, polecat a lot of times.
Interviewer:  Same thing?
185:  Yeah. And usually more often referred to as a polecat than a skunk.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. When I was in Arkansas this summer I ran into a a name for it. Actually it was not quite the same. Cinder cat? You ever heard of that?
185:  {D: Not a cinder cat, no.}
Interviewer:  I think there's a slight difference in the way that they look but they both smell bad. Uh any general term say a comprehensive term that you might use to refer to animals like skunks or or weasels or foxes you know animals that would get into your hen roost and get your chickens and I'd say well I'm just gonna get my gun and get rid of those {NS}
185:  I can't think of any
Interviewer:  Heard people use the word varmints?
185:  Mm-hmm. But I don't I don't know if they were just specifically referring to those or referring to um to basically all sorts all sorts of animals as varmints.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {X} There's a little animal that you see around here a lot with a bushy tail, runs around trees
185:  A squirrel.
Interviewer:  Different types?
185:  Yeah um {NW} We have um gray squirrels like they have up here. We have fox squirrels too which um have really big bushy tails and are bigger than the gray squirrels and are um a little reddish-colored. And then they'll also have flying squirrels at home which are small and um they have under their front feet they have sort of um flaps of skin so they can sort of form wings when they go flying about
Interviewer:  Yeah. I've seen a lot of these little animals oh about so long, brown seems that they have dark stripes down their back? They run along the ground mostly
185:  #1 Chipmunks. #
Interviewer:  #2 Chipmunk. #
185:  Uh-huh. We don't have those at home.
Interviewer:  I had never really seen too many of them before I got up here. Uh have you ever heard people call chipmunks
185:  Ground squirrels. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  {X} Uh you were talking about fish, freshwater fish, last time what about uh some different types of seafood that are available in stores in Ocilla?
185:  Okay well you can get um shrimp and crab and oysters and um mullet sometimes you'll you can get snapper but not too often.
Interviewer:  {D: like this?}
185:  Yeah. Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And then talking about you know fish amphibians whatever, this animal that uh you hear croaking all alone in ponds at night you call that
185:  A bullfrog.
Interviewer:  He's the one with the
185:  With the real real deep voice.
Interviewer:  Well is there a type that usually stays on on dry land? You know you're out in the garden uh
185:  Yeah um I don't know if that's a frog or a toad but we always ref- we always just call them frogs.
Interviewer:  Frogs. What about toads frogs? Is that uh
185:  I've heard that used but um
Interviewer:  Usually toad.
185:  Usually a frog.
Interviewer:  Just frog.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Well have you ever seen just these little tiny ones about so big? Uh
185:  That are green?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  #1 Yeah they're rain frogs. #
Interviewer:  #2 Rain frogs. #
185:  Uh-huh they usually start going when it rains.
Interviewer:  Why is that? So
185:  I don't know but um they do. And I I can't really I can't really des- describe what they sound like but they they sound different from a bullfrog.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  And um they're green like you said and the only times I've ever heard them have been either when it's raining or right after it rained.
Interviewer:  Yeah yeah. I have had people tell me that it literally that they actually rained from the sky. {NW}
185:  I I wouldn't doubt it I wouldn't doubt it.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh just go out the ground's covered with these little frogs. #
185:  #2 these little frogs #
Interviewer:  {X} Uh uh I should've asked you this the other day when you were talking about different types of freshwater fish but what do uh {D: Sam I am} what do most people use for bait when they go fishing?
185:  Um worms sometimes you use crickets um if you're going casting with a rod and reel usually you'll you you um an artificial lure.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Sometimes you'd use cut bait you'll um say catch a fish that you don't want, say it's like a bream and is real small and um you'll just gut him and and cut him into little chunks and use that.
Interviewer:  Yeah I see. Have you ever used this for {D: Paris bait} when you're going catfishing?
185:  Um when we go catfishing um usually we use liver.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  Either chicken liver or beef liver.
Interviewer:  yeah b-
185:  Sometimes we'll use mullet.
Interviewer:  Yeah. You ever heard of this stuff called catfish tripe?
185:  Nuh-uh.
Interviewer:  {X} it's {NW} buy these little cups and you know like uh a yogurt kind of pan
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Uh it's a all kind of corruption and it's blood tripe and all and it really stinks but you know catfish'll bite it
185:  Catfish cat catfish love things like that.
Interviewer:  {X} Uh you ever heard any particular names for different types of worms you like to use when you're fishing?
185:  Um
Interviewer:  You know live ones?
185:  Yeah um usually what if if you buy worms, you go out and buy Louisiana pinks. Um they're real long pink worms and what a lot of people have are um worm beds at their house. I say a lot of people. Not too many anymore. Um we used to have one at my grandmother's at my maternal grandmother's because her husband my grandfather had one and when he died, we just kept it, kept it going and um the tree that the tree that it was around, the roots just finally got so big and there was so many in there that um the worms just left.
Interviewer:  What about wigglers? Have you ever heard that used?
185:  Yeah and they're night crawlers too. And um night crawlers you have to go out into the woods and get them. Not really into the woods, but what you do you go and find out h- you go and find where they are and there's you can always tell because where the hole is there's a little mound of dirt on top, little pellet-shaped dirt. And um there's some way if you take a stick and drive it into the ground and beat on a stick I think that's supposed to to um drive them out but I'm not sure. I'm not I'm not sure if that's the method.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  But there is some way that that you can get them out.
Interviewer:  Or maybe have a stake uh like you said driven in the ground and drug the lure across the top?
185:  #1 I think #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
185:  Yeah probably that too.
Interviewer:  I think I've heard people call that uh fiddling for them. If you fiddle
185:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {X} What about this animal that has the hard shell you know he can throw in his head for protection
185:  A turtle.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Is there uh different kinds that you
185:  Yeah there's um two types that live in water one's a soft-shell turtle because it has a soft shell and another one's a loggerhead and um he's got a real big, thick neck and he's got real powerful mouth and um you have to be real careful because if he bites you he'll probably like wind up taking a finger off
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  Um There's also a type of turtle, I guess it's maybe a box turtle that is also in water and we always called it a str- a streaked-y head turtle because his head is green with yellow stripes. Then there's several types of land turtles the m- the one that I'm most familiar with is a big land turtle that we call a gopher.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  And um I think he probably gets maybe about two and a half feet across. He's about the largest one that I've seen.
Interviewer:  I see. That uh anything besides gopher for a land turtle that you know of?
185:  Um they may be a tortoise. I don't know. But they're always referred to at home as a gopher.
Interviewer:  Ever heard anybody call one a cooter?
185:  Yeah but I'm not sure if that was referred to as um as that or just as turtles in general.
Interviewer:  Yeah that will {X} any particular terms for one in the you know the ocean, sea call that a
185:  That's an ocean turtle or sea turtle.
Interviewer:  Uh yeah that uh the um loggerhead that you were talking about ever heard anybody call that a snapping turtle? Is that the same thing?
185:  I'm not sure if that's the same same thing as a snapping turtle or not.
Interviewer:  That uh the the {X} uh gopher distinction you know I ran into a a lot of strange looks out west this summer when I told people well back home you know I I call that a gopher #1 oh you totally got that all wrong. I'll tell you what a gopher is. #
185:  #2 Yeah. # He he's this little thing that goes burrowing #1 down #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah # right {X}
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh these things that uh oh some people I believe eat these especially {NS} Louisiana {X}
185:  Crawfish.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Crawdads. Um There are those at home too. But um I think they're becoming pretty scarce now. I think all the chemicals the farmers are using are wiping them out.
Interviewer:  #1 Use those for bait too, can't you? #
185:  #2 Yeah. # Yeah. That's that's the what we're used to using them for at home
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  is for bait. And then we went out to New Orleans and um they're la- all the menus had like crawfish this and crawfish that on it.
Interviewer:  Yeah. I've never had any to eat. How how were they?
185:  Well we had um some in a crawfish pie one time
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  and they were good.
Interviewer:  Ask you about a few different types of insects you know at night sometimes you see uh a lot of insects flying around lights
185:  Lightning bugs.
Interviewer:  Yeah, yeah.
185:  Fireflies.
Interviewer:  That flash on
185:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  {X} Is that the the same type of of bug? You know a lot of them just seem to congregate around uh a light pole or something like that. Or maybe if there's an exposed light bulb on the porch they just fly in
185:  Uh-uh. #1 Uh-uh #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: you're sure then} #
185:  No I'm I'm pretty sure that those aren't the same kind that congregate around around lights.
Interviewer:  Have any idea of what you might call that type of bug?
185:  The one that um we used to refer to them as light bugs um there's some type of moth that congregates around an exposed light. We have those at home. And then there's some other bugs too. But I don't think I I don't think that any of them are lightning bugs.
Interviewer:  I see. You ever heard people talk about {D: canvil wires}
185:  {NW} I've heard that term before. I don't know if I've read it or what but um I have heard the term and I don't know I'm not sure what they are.
Interviewer:  Well these things that are bad about getting in your clothes and eating holes in them. Those are
185:  Moths.
Interviewer:  Um an insect that you see around on the lights especially when you're fishing {D: maybe with a cane pole} these things can light on your pole you know?
185:  Dragonflies?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Heard people call it anything besides a dragonfly? {NS}
185:  It seems like I have
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  and I can't remember.
Interviewer:  What about uh snake doctor?
185:  Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  Or well get back to this uh this insect you know that's bad about stinging you, you're sitting out on your porch and
185:  A mosquito.
Interviewer:  Yeah. What about uh for dragonflies. Mosquito hawks?
185:  Yeah. Yeah, that's what I've heard. That's what I've heard.
Interviewer:  And they're talking about the same thing?
185:  I think so, yeah.
Interviewer:  Heard one called a a snake feeder?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Any that that term uh snake doctor you said you were f-
185:  #1 No, no, not familiar with snake doctor. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Okay. Well what about some insects that are are are {X} stinging what's your
185:  Oh we have yellow jackets and wasps and bees and there are hornets also um
Interviewer:  Pretty bad sting.
185:  Yeah. Horse flies we have those, they bite. We don't have sand flies. So we're lucky about that {NS}
Interviewer:  Any you mentioned uh wasps what about this thing to a form of that, just one
185:  There's a wasp.
Interviewer:  Yeah. These uh insects they they don't act- well they're bad about burrowing yeah uh you see them making a ditch. Have you ever going out and walking barefoot and you know #1 {X} #
185:  #2 Oh oh a hook worm. #
Interviewer:  Hook worm?
185:  Or a ring worm. Um {NW} we don't have any problem with those any more.
Interviewer:  Is that the same thing uh well I guess it's not but a red bug might have that same of thing
185:  Uh uh red bug is not a hook worm it's not a worm. Red bugs do burrow in and they do they do itch.
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  But um they're not a- they're not as bad as as a worm, a ring worm or a hook worm is really difficult to kill and get rid of and with a red bug all you have to do is um cut off his oxygen supply
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  which we usually used with um some sort of grease finger nail polish, anything just paint over the area
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  and cut off his oxygen supply.
Interviewer:  Any other term for red bug that you know of?
185:  Um chigger.
Interviewer:  Chigger?
185:  But most people at home call them red bugs.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. I see. Uh one thing I wanted to pick up from your uh dissertation on snakes like that it was good uh coach whip? You ever heard of that?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Haven't heard of that before. Back to insects these things that you see hopping along in your front yard sometimes you know
185:  A grasshopper. Um yeah we have those.
Interviewer:  Ever heard them called anything besides grasshopper just in general or?
185:  I can't think of anything.
Interviewer:  I want to ask you about you know pecker-wood. #1 That {X} there #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm #
Interviewer:  What about hopper-grass? That familiar to you?
185:  No.
Interviewer:  Or something else that uh uh uh has to do with insects you know these things sometimes they collect inside people's houses in the corners of their ceiling and they have to get a broom and
185:  Spiders.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Now what exactly are you referring to when you say spiders? Are you referring to the insect or the thing that uh you know they uh they weave
185:  The thing they weave is their web.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Um
Interviewer:  #1 So you'd say you're {X} #
185:  #2 That's a cobweb. #
Interviewer:  Cobweb.
185:  Right but the little animal that weaves it is a spider.
Interviewer:  Well {NS} is that the same thing uh {NW} #1 spider webs you can have in the corner #
185:  #2 yeah you can have # spider webs #1 too #
Interviewer:  #2 and that's the # #1 same thing I see I said #
185:  #2 as a cobweb #
Interviewer:  Yeah. #1 Outside in front of the bushes or something like that #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm yeah. #
Interviewer:  I see. Or uh uh a type of uh tree that you might uh tap for syrup
185:  A maple? Sugar maple?
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  We don't have those.
Interviewer:  Well what about if you had a lot of those trees together? You'd call that a maple
185:  If it was planted it a an an orchard if um if they were just there naturally you'd probably just refer to it as a grove.
Interviewer:  A grove. I see. What what about since we're on the topic of trees some of the common trees around Ocilla?
185:  Okay. Pine trees are real common um they grow that a lot for lumber and they used to grow they they used to turpentine them a lot but they don't do that much anymore. Um labor's too expensive for one thing. That that's the main thing is that la- is that labor's too expensive for turpentine. Um And it's probably not available anymore either. Um pecan trees um oak trees live oak water oak or black oak um which is also a black jack oak oak and um grows in real sandy areas it's also a scrub oak and is hard wood and almost a {D: studded} tree.
Interviewer:  Mm
185:  Um we have a lot of cypress trees in wet areas and pon- and around ponds.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  Um willow trees sycamore trees um dogwood trees redbud trees um gum trees um there are maples at home red maples I believe is what they are.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  Um China berry trees um #1 that's about all I can think of. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # What about a tree that's fairly common here in the south? I think it's the state tree you know of Mississippi has the #1 the green shiny- yeah #
185:  #2 Oh magnolias. # Yeah we have mag- we ha- we have magnolias at home.
Interviewer:  Yeah I see. Uh you ever heard of any type of of bush that uh has these red berries on it? Uh I think that way back when all the old people would use them in tanned leather in that process. You ever heard anything like that?
185:  A holly? Um
Interviewer:  Or are you familiar with the term shoemake? Or sumac?
185:  Um it's at home um it we have poison sumac, sumac, whatever and um that's the only way I'm familiar with it.
Interviewer:  Mm. I see. Well say uh uh another plant that you know if you get into it'll make your skin break out and itch like crazy
185:  Poison ivy or poison el- and and poison elder.
Interviewer:  And poison what?
185:  Poison elder.
Interviewer:  {D: what is that?}
185:  Um elder is in two types. There's white elder that has a white bloom and then there's pink elder. If you ever see elder with with pink blooms, stay away from it because it's poison. And that's also known as thunder wood.
Interviewer:  Thunder wood.
185:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  {D: where have you heard that?}
185:  I've heard my mother refer to it as thunder wood before.
Interviewer:  Why thunder do you say?
185:  I don't know why thunder wood. I don't know if it's if it's Indian derivation or what.
Interviewer:  Hmm. Interesting. Is uh well do you have anything like #1 poison oak or have you ever heard of uh #
185:  #2 Yeah. # Poison oak is at home. We have poison ivy.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. #1 And same effect as the {X} #
185:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #1 Mm. #
185:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Only I think poison elder is probably about twice as worse as any of the others.
Interviewer:  Yeah. One thing I wanted to go back and pick up that you mentioned is you said something grows you know the past of that you'd say yesterday
185:  It it grew
Interviewer:  And
185:  and it has grown.
Interviewer:  Uh and when you were talking about berries a minute ago I don't think you mentioned this type but it's a berry you know {D: with so shape} with you're having shortcake uh uh
185:  Strawberries.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
185:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Where do they grow?
185:  They grow at home. People usually um just grow them in the garden for their own use.
Interviewer:  I see. You ever heard of any types of uh flowering bushes that bloom preferably in the spring?
185:  Azaleas? We have those um that's primarily the main flowering bush
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
185:  there is at home.
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  There are others that but I I can't think of right now.
Interviewer:  Any type of laurel?
185:  Yeah um we have crepe myrtle and those grow those bloom in the summer.
Interviewer:  Mm. I see.
185:  We have those.
Interviewer:  You ever heard of mountain laurel?
185:  Yeah. Um I've seen that {NS} um we brought some home and had it in the backyard for about fifteen years and it finally died this past year. The drought got it.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  We kept watering it and watering it and um well we didn't realize that it was in in the sad shape that it was until it was pretty much too late then.
Interviewer:  Mm.
185:  And it went ahead and died. But um we had it like I said for about fifteen years and it did bloom and grow. It didn't do real well but it did survive for about fifteen years.
Interviewer:  {X} Any rhododendrons?
185:  Um rhododendron and mountain laurel are basically the same thing and the azaleas at home are a form of rhododendron.
Interviewer:  I see. We'll take a break #1 in just twenty-five minutes #
185:  #2 Okay. #
Interviewer:  Say I'll ask you about uh some family relationships say uh if someone asks your mother who uh {NS}
Interviewer:  Yeah I was going to ask you about family relationships say if someone asked your mother who you know the fellow was she's married to she'd say that's my
185:  That's my husband
Interviewer:  And he would say that's my
185:  Wife
Interviewer:  What about a woman whose husband has died you'd call her a
185:  She's a widow
Interviewer:  Any can you think of any particular term maybe for a a woman whose husband hasn't died but he just left her something that she might be called
185:  Um a divorcee after a divorce
Interviewer:  Yeah what what about if that's not the case he just up and gone
185:  Um I don't what if there's any special term you just say that oh {NW} So and so well you know he left
Interviewer:  {NW} That's one way to get it around yeah you ever heard of the term grass widow
185:  Oh yeah yeah
Interviewer:  That's what it means
185:  Um I don't know if that I'm not I'm not sure what it means but my father's ref- um Has has used the term grass widow
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm yeah I asked a fellow about that I rarely get an explanation he said he thought it had something to do with an expression you know the grass is greener on the other side took of f
185:  I think so because um My father sometimes differentiates between a grass widow and a side widow {NW} And I said well what do you mean by side widow {NW} And he said well her husband's dead And so Yeah
Interviewer:  {NW} That's good what did uh what did you call your father
185:  Daddy
Interviewer:  Daddy
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  And your mother
185:  Is mama
Interviewer:  You say your grandparents what did you call them
185:  Okay my Paternal grandparents were grandpappy And granny My maternal grandparents {NW} Are Mamimi And grandpa
Interviewer:  Mamimi
185:  Yeah um {NW} It's spelled M-A-M-I-M-I And She got that name When her oldest grandson Um who's In his thirties now {NW} Was trying to pronounce grandmother Or grandmama I'm not sure which one {NW} And it came out that way he could never say grandmother or grandmama {NW} It came out Mamimi And um he kept calling her that
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  And um So she's been that ever since then
Interviewer:  Mm yeah yeah my paternal grandmother was mamaw I guess that was the uh combination of grandma and uh grandma and something I don't that was whatever it was say uh have you ever heard a name that uh a child was known by just within his family they give him a little
185:  A little nickname Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Pet name
185:  A pet name or a family name
Interviewer:  That would be the same
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Yeah I see and this thing that you put a baby in you know it has wheels and it can lie down
185:  A car- a baby carriage
Interviewer:  Yeah what would you say you were doing if you were putting the baby in the carriage and going out
185:  And you are You stroll the baby
Interviewer:  Stroll the baby
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Say uh if a if a man or a uh a couple had children say one was twenty and one was about fifteen another eleven something like that talking about in terms of being grown up you'd say the one who's twenty is the
185:  Is um The oldest {NW} And then there's the middle child then there's the youngest and who's sometimes called the least child
Interviewer:  The least child I see or if you wanted to use that expression growing up in the description again talking about the one who's twenty you'd say he's the
185:  He's the grown one
Interviewer:  Or maybe the the most grown up or
185:  Mm-hmm yeah something like that
Interviewer:  Anybody say the grown-up-est
185:  {NW} Um I think so I I think I I I I've heard someone say grown-up-est
Interviewer:  Yeah say one's children and has some uh sons and the
185:  And the daughters
Interviewer:  Or the boys and the
185:  Girls
Interviewer:  A woman who is uh about to have a baby you say she's
185:  She's pregnant Or she's expecting
Interviewer:  Can you think of anything else that you might have heard besides pregnant or expecting maybe used uh uh jokingly or something like that to describe her condition
185:  In the family way
Interviewer:  In the family way
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Uh something like uh one fellow that told me uh well she's {X} You ever heard something like that
185:  Mm-mm
Interviewer:  Got a cake in the oven
185:  A bun in the oven
Interviewer:  {NW} Say uh way back when uh if a doctor wasn't available to deliver
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  A woman that might be called in
185:  Would Would be a midwife
Interviewer:  Any other term for midwife
185:  Maybe a granny woman
Interviewer:  Yeah now this expression say if a boy has the same color hair and eyes as his father and maybe his nose is shaped just about the same
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  You say that he his father
185:  Looks just like Resembles
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  Favors
Interviewer:  Would takes after be used
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Takes after
185:  I I I think takes after could be yeah
Interviewer:  Or say a woman that's looked after three children until they're grown up you'd say that she's three children
185:  She's raised three children
Interviewer:  Any besides raised uh
185:  I can't think of any
Interviewer:  Reared
185:  Yeah she's reared three children
Interviewer:  I see or say to a child who's misbehaving you might say if you do that again I'm going to give you a good
185:  A good whipping Or a good spanking
Interviewer:  Is that the same thing
185:  Yeah They both hurt
Interviewer:  Yeah right or a child that's uh born to an unmarried woman common term would be
185:  Um he's a bastard
Interviewer:  Anything besides that that you've ever heard
185:  Um he's illegitimate Um I think they'd probably refer to him In public or among each other as as not knowing his father
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  And then when {NW} Then when they got down to to to to the nitty-gritties bastard would be rolled out
Interviewer:  Yeah woods colt have you ever heard
185:  No
Interviewer:  What about a volunteer
185:  No Although that is very good
Interviewer:  {X} Say uh you made this expression in comparing children somebody might say something like well now Jane is a loving child but Peggy's a lot
185:  A lot loving-er or more loving
Interviewer:  Or say if uh if your brother had a son that son would be your
185:  My nephew
Interviewer:  And uh oh a child you know who's uh both his parents have died say he was
185:  He's an orphan
Interviewer:  And the person appointed to look after him would be
185:  His guardian
Interviewer:  Or say if your house was full of people like your oh your aunts and your uncles you know uh and you'd say your house is full of your
185:  Is full of your of your kin or your relatives
Interviewer:  Anything besides kin
185:  Your family
Interviewer:  People around here say kinfolks
185:  Yeah Mm-hmm They do um Usually they say family more than kinfolks You hear kinfolks occasionally
Interviewer:  Well say this expression if somebody's told you about someone who looks a lot like you you might say well that might very well be but actually I'm no
185:  I'm no kin
Interviewer:  How would you describe someone who comes into town no one's ever seen him before you'd say he's a
185:  He's a stranger
Interviewer:  Or somebody from another country you'd say he
185:  He's a foreigner
Interviewer:  You ever heard of that word foreigner used to describe somebody not necessarily from another country
185:  I don't know Um {NW} I'm not really sure um there haven't been that many people who have moved into town
Interviewer:  Yeah I was sometimes people use that synonymous you know with stranger
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  He might be you know just down the road
185:  Thirty miles away
Interviewer:  {X} Uh a few uh common well proper names really going to ask you about for people's first names uh you know the the name of the mother of Jesus in the Bible her name was
185:  Mary
Interviewer:  And Washington's wife was
185:  Martha
Interviewer:  You remember that old song oh wait until the sunshine
185:  Nelly
Interviewer:  And uh oh uh a boy named William might be given this name you know they call him for short
185:  Bill
Interviewer:  Or
185:  Will
Interviewer:  And the male goat's sometimes called a
185:  Billy
Interviewer:  Um a man's first name beginning with M uh in the Bible the gospels Mark Luke John and
185:  Matthew
Interviewer:  Ever heard any uh particular names for in general for a woman who teaches school
185:  School teacher
Interviewer:  Maybe something that's old fashioned
185:  Um schoolmarm Or school ma'am
Interviewer:  Do you actually ever hear that
185:  No I've never heard it
Interviewer:  Say uh do you remember the American novelist nineteenth century who wrote the leather stocking tales
185:  James Fenimore Cooper
Interviewer:  Yeah how would you address a married woman who had that last name that's
185:  Misses Cooper
Interviewer:  Say a a preacher who's really not trained to be a preacher really not very
185:  He's received the call
Interviewer:  {NW} Yeah okay have you ever heard of any any say designation for somebody like that besides saying he's received the call that he's just an old like I said not very good at it does something else for a living probably not too confident he's just an old
185:  There is and I can't think of it I can't think of it and It's not It's a phrase
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  And I and I can't think of it right now
Interviewer:  Is it a
185:  Yeah Yeah That's it
Interviewer:  You hear that
185:  {NW} Um Usually only refer Usually only in family discussions {NW} After all if you talk to the wrong person you might you might insult one of {X}
Interviewer:  {NW} {X} Can you have a a jack leg anything else
185:  Oh yeah you can have a jack leg lawyer
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  And um Probably even jack leg doctor
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  But um Um Usually a jack leg preacher I have heard {NW} Some lawyers referred to as jack legs
Interviewer:  What about any particular expressions like that for mechanics uh that might not be particularly good
185:  {NW} Not for mechanics Um At least I've never heard of them Because most of the mechanics at home are pretty they've
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  They've been tinkering with cars all their life And so they finally turned out to be pretty good at it
Interviewer:  I was wondering about shade tree mechanic have you ever heard that
185:  No
Interviewer:  No shade tree mechanic
185:  {NW} I like that
Interviewer:  Shade tree uh getting back to a few names a woman's first name begins with the letter S uh Abraham's wife in the Bible
185:  Sarah
Interviewer:  And if your father had a brother named William that would be your
185:  My Uncle Bill
Interviewer:  Or your uncle
185:  Will or William
Interviewer:  And if you had one named John that would be your
185:  Uncle John
Interviewer:  Uh Robert E Lee uh his rank was
185:  He was a general
Interviewer:  And by the way that particular people refer to that where you're from as
185:  As the civil war
Interviewer:  Any other name
185:  Well the U-D-C insists that it be referred to as the war between the states
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  We have a real good U-D-C woman at home she is just really nothing but absolute bat
Interviewer:  {NW} Really up on her high horse
185:  Really um See okay see Jeff Davis got captured at Irwinville Which is about fifteen miles from Ocilla {NW} And the state used to have a park there that was Jefferson Davis State Park {NW} And um When George Busbee decided to economize our expenditures and government {NW} Um he decided that some of these state parks were just a useless waste of money they was putting about thirty thousand dollars a year to keep it going with Groundskeeper {NW} Maybe Security guard all the and Keeping up the grounds and everything and paying the lights and water {NW} And So there was that and it was ma- it it was taking in something around maybe twenty-five hundred dollars a year {NW} There was that {NW} Also {NW} Our state senator and our Representatives both made the um Mistake of back of backing Lester Maddox {NW} So uh George had political debts to pay also {NW} And um so he announced the department of natural resources would save thirty thousand dollars by closing down Jefferson Davis State Park {NW} So A group of concerned citizens from the county consisting of the um County commission chairman and a couple of others and like {NW} Um This real good Daughter of the confederacy went up {NW} And she finally got down on her knees At George Busbee's feet and just begged him not Not to close it and there was a picture in the paper at home of that {NW}
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  Yes But see in like in supplication from George {NW} And the thing about it is is that her husband is one of the bankers at home {NW} And everyone really likes him and thinks an awful lot of him but her no
Interviewer:  The fanatic
185:  Really
Interviewer:  Yeah I read these little write ups just for the fun of it that's always the same thing out in a meeting and they're saluting the confederate flag {NW} That'd just be a howl to go to one of those things uh have you ever heard anybody refer to the civil war uh as anything besides that the war between the states or is that about it
185:  Um I've heard it jokingly referred to as the war of northern aggression
Interviewer:  You're the first person who's ever responded to that without having it suggested to them that's interesting back home
185:  Um No the person that Um I first heard it referred to was was from a girl from Nashville Tennessee who was
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  Here at school was a history major {NW} And um We were taking new south together that's one of Doctor Carter's courses
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  And um We were just jokingly sitting around a group of us {NW} Talking about the wars being the cause and all this other good stuff and um {NW} That was the first time I had ever heard it referred to as the war of northern aggression
Interviewer:  Well getting back to ranks general whatever the old gentleman who peddles Kentucky Fried Chicken he's the
185:  He's the colonel
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  {NW} Lawyers at home are also referred to as colonels
Interviewer:  Hmm why is that
185:  Um {NW} Well supposedly they were all colonels In the c- in the um civil war That no lawyer who went to war had a rank of less than colonel
Interviewer:  Hmm
185:  And so As um out of Some sort of funny notion of respect
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  They're referred to as colonels {NW} This is beginning to change Um The lawyers at home now Some people refer to them as colonel as colonel so and so {NW} But generally they they just refer to them as Mister so and so or by their first name
Interviewer:  That is interesting I have never run across that before and say the rank of a of a man who's in charge of a ship he would be the
185:  The captain
Interviewer:  And uh the man who presides over the county court that's
185:  That's the judge
Interviewer:  And someone well you know like us who's going to school or goes to college he's a
185:  A student
Interviewer:  And a woman who would do the boss's typing take care of his mail that sort of thing she's a
185:  The secretary
Interviewer:  Uh say uh you know a man who appears uh in movies or on stage whatever he would be an actor but a woman is
185:  An actress
Interviewer:  And our nationality we are
185:  Americans
Interviewer:  And uh uh years ago in the south used to have separate facilities for the two races one for the
185:  Blacks
Interviewer:  And
185:  One for the whites
Interviewer:  Any idea of what uh well you said blacks do you suppose that's what they would prefer to be called nowadays
185:  That's what they would prefer to be called nowadays um {NW} My parents {NW} Started me out the nice term was to refer to them as colored people Um the not nice term was of course nigger And um Now I just basically started calling everyone black because That's what {NW} Is currently accepted {NW} Um But for years we always referred to them as colored people
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard anyone use in any situation back home any other insulting terms other than nigger that you can think of
185:  Not that I can think of no
Interviewer:  What about coon
185:  Yeah And crow too
Interviewer:  Crow what about burrhead
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  You've heard
185:  Yeah I've heard burrhead
Interviewer:  Okay um say uh this situation if a white man were really angry with another white man
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Can you think of any term that he might use uh insultingly or have or that would have something you know racial about it
185:  Um
Interviewer:  White man to another
185:  You could call him a nigger lover
Interviewer:  Nigger lover
185:  Um The {NW} The possibilities are infinite there
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  That's the one That pops into my to my mind immediately Um You could say that he had a black ancestor around somewhere
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  Um That's those are the first two things that I that I can immediately think of
Interviewer:  Well what about a black man's terms that he might use insultingly in talking about a white man
185:  Oh He would Well now he he he would refer to them as honkies
Interviewer:  Honky
185:  Whitey
Interviewer:  Whitey the term uh are there any other terms that you can think of off the top of your head that would be associated with white people in um any form or fashion that might be considered sometimes a derogatory expression
185:  Those are the two that I'm most familiar with there are probably probably others that I just don't know
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear the word cracker used
185:  {NW} Um No
Interviewer:  Do you have any conception of what somebody would mean if he used that
185:  Yeah um A poor white farmer
Interviewer:  I see well say uh somebody you know sometimes people come into town where I'm from usually on the weekends from way back out where you know
185:  Right
Interviewer:  Usually pretty conspicuous
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  You ever heard people tease them you know call them anything in particular
185:  {NW} I've never heard them being teased
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard any term at all or do you know of any so and so he's just an old
185:  And old hick maybe but um Why I I've I I I've I've never heard anyone
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  That that's happened to
Interviewer:  Yeah do people ever say uh hoosier you old country hoosier
185:  No
Interviewer:  Haven't heard of that or say uh uh a child that's born to racially mixed parents have you ever heard any terms for a child like that
185:  It'd be a mulatto um Maybe a {X}
Interviewer:  Or any terms for say uh if I were working or maybe a lower class white man what might he call the man that he works for say if he were a laborer the man that he works for he might call him his
185:  His boss Um His not re- he wouldn't really call him his employer his boss was boss man
Interviewer:  Would uh would a black's term be any different
185:  {NW} I wouldn't think so I think it'd be {NW} Um the black would probably refer to him as um Just say boss But Bla- the white man would either say {NW} Say mister So and so is his last name or just call him say um Mister {D: auto}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  Using his first name
Interviewer:  I see ever heard if blacks use captain there cap
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Word for him
185:  Mm-hmm I ha- I've heard I've heard a few old people
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  Um Use captain
Interviewer:  Say podunk have you ever heard that used to describe a person he's so podunk or he's from podunk
185:  Mm-hmm Usually he's from podunk Podunk U or That sort of thing that's what we used to call the high school
Interviewer:  {X} What say this expression if it's if it's not quite midnight and somebody asks you what time it is you might say well it's not quite but it's
185:  Just about
Interviewer:  Anything else that you might say there it's just about or it's
185:  It's Almost
Interviewer:  Or say if you're trying to walk on ice over ground something like that you might say well that ice was hard to walk on I managed to keep my balanced but I fell down two or three times
185:  I almost
Interviewer:  Or say if somebody is uh is uh waiting on you to get ready so that you can go somewhere he might call out to you say aren't you ready yet you might say well just hold your horses I'll be with you in
185:  Just a minute
Interviewer:  Or if you want to know the the distance say and travel to a particular place you might ask somebody well how
185:  How far is
Interviewer:  Or if you're trying to point out something in the room to me and I'm just looking all around here I just can't see it and it's in plain sight you might say well
185:  There it is
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm or maybe
185:  It's over there or it's right there
Interviewer:  Or look here
185:  Mm-hmm Yeah look here
Interviewer:  You ever heard people use that expression if they were provoked with somebody you know maybe a young child you might say now look here
185:  Yeah I've heard I've I I've heard them use it as As that
Interviewer:  Or if you want to know how many times about something you'd ask well how
185:  How many
Interviewer:  Or or how say if something is habitual how
185:  How long
Interviewer:  Or if you if this person goes to town so many times a week I might ask well how
185:  How often
Interviewer:  Or say I say something like uh well I'm not going to vote for for Ford for president if you agree with me you might say well am I
185:  Neither am I
Interviewer:  A few parts of the body that I want to ask you about this part right up here you call that
185:  That's your forehead
Interviewer:  And uh this is your
185:  Hair
Interviewer:  You let it grow out you're growing a
185:  A beard
Interviewer:  Heard people call it anything else
185:  Besides a beard No
Interviewer:  Whiskers
185:  Oh yeah whiskers
Interviewer:  And this is my
185:  That's your ear
Interviewer:  This one is my reoriented
185:  It's your left ear
Interviewer:  And that's
185:  Your right ear
Interviewer:  And this is my whole thing
185:  Your face
Interviewer:  Somebody'll bust you in the
185:  In the mouth
Interviewer:  And uh this part right here talking about people might break their
185:  Their neck
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and right here this is your
185:  Your throat
Interviewer:  I know you can't see mine but some people in some people it's pretty prominent
185:  Their Adam's apple
Interviewer:  Yeah yeah heard that called anything besides Adam's apple
185:  I don't think so
Interviewer:  Goozle have you ever heard that
185:  {NW} I've heard goozle but I've never really known what they were referring to
Interviewer:  Say uh just one of these that's a
185:  A tooth
Interviewer:  And you
185:  Teeth
Interviewer:  And the fleshy part around them
185:  Your Gums
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and uh this is your
185:  Hand
Interviewer:  And you have two
185:  Two hands
Interviewer:  And if I make a
185:  A fist
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  Fists
Interviewer:  So this part
185:  The palm
Interviewer:  Sometimes when people get older you might hear them complain that oh they got stiff aching
185:  Joints
Interviewer:  And the upper part of a man's body that would be
185:  His chest
Interviewer:  And these are your
185:  Shoulders
Interviewer:  This is my right
185:  Leg
Interviewer:  Yeah that's my
185:  Right foot
Interviewer:  You got two
185:  Two feet
Interviewer:  Now this part right here
185:  That's your shin
Interviewer:  Yeah this any particular name for this part you know from right about here to here you might say you're squatting down
185:  I can't think of any
Interviewer:  And what about that that term if you have to get down like this you usually say you're
185:  I've got to squat
Interviewer:  Squat
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Anything besides uh squat down
185:  Kneel
Interviewer:  Kneel
185:  But kneel you're usually on your knees
Interviewer:  You ever heard somebody say hunker down
185:  No
Interviewer:  Dig a hole or something like that
185:  No
Interviewer:  What about haunches
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Part of the body is that the part that I was describing
185:  I think probably so
Interviewer:  Call that your haunches or say somebody who's been sick for a while but he's up and around now you might say something like well old so and so is up and about now but he still looks a little bit
185:  A little bit um {NW} Probably say poor
Interviewer:  Little bit poor
185:  Mm-hmm a little bit Little bit sick not real good
Interviewer:  Ever heard anybody say peaked
185:  Mm-hmm My grandmother said peaked
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm what about puny
185:  Yeah Puny
Interviewer:  Or poorly
185:  Or poorly yeah
Interviewer:  Or say that a man a man who's able to lift very heavy weights you say he's very
185:  He's very strong
Interviewer:  Okay besides that
185:  Um Not referring to his ability to lift weights I wouldn't think so
Interviewer:  You ever heard anybody use the word stout in that context
185:  Not in that context stout {NS} More Heavy set And and fat not Not necessarily as far as being able to lift heavy things
Interviewer:  Yeah I see or say uh somebody who always seems to have a smile on his face just never loses his temper you say he's mighty
185:  Mighty happy Mighty calm
Interviewer:  Uh what about good natured
185:  Yeah mighty good natured
Interviewer:  Or you know sometimes when boys reach a certain age it seems that they just bump everything just trip over their own feet and all that you say he's
185:  He's clumsy
Interviewer:  Or maybe clumsy or uh uh awkward
185:  Awkward yeah
Interviewer:  For that or someone I know a lot of people like this uh people who just keep on doing things that don't make any sense at all you just say he's
185:  Stupid {NS} Hard headed
Interviewer:  Does hard headed carry with it any other specific uh you know intent
185:  {NW} Hard headed um Stupid is just dumb I always think but hard headed is more like well {NW} You did it once and it didn't work And you're going to do it twice and it doesn't work so you're so so by now you're on about your fifth or sixth try it still isn't working Hard headed and stubborn are about the same
Interviewer:  Any other kind of headed besides hard headed that would work there
185:  I can't think of anything
Interviewer:  Mule headed
185:  Yeah mm-hmm I've heard mule headed my Grandfather's used that term
Interviewer:  Bull headed
185:  Bull headed mm-hmm He was describing one of his grandchildren that way
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  Think it was me
Interviewer:  What about the word fool there would that be appropriate somebody who just keeps doing stupid things the word would be plain fool
185:  {NW} Not if they knew not if there was a reason for them doing what they were doing A fool I u- I usually think of as Along the same lines as stupid as As not being {NW} Not really quite
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  But um A little dumb and and and no good reason To have done what you were supposed to do or or you knew better And did it anyway it'd be foolish But um If there was some good reason For you to be keep To be continually doing it I I wouldn't say that fool would apply there
Interviewer:  Would that be a pretty strong word
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  If you called somebody a fool
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  Pretty close
Interviewer:  Say someone who has a lot of money and likes to hang onto it you'd say he's an old
185:  Tightwad Yeah you up and up and there's one man in town {NW} I've heard it was said that every time he opened his wallet a moth flew out
Interviewer:  {NW} That's pretty bad if you were to use the word common about somebody uh what would you mean by that
185:  That they were common Um That they um Weren't real high class didn't have a whole lot of social standing Um It's it's is it it's basically Depending on It's basically a derogatory term
Interviewer:  If I my grandmother had good context for that was unmistakable said oh alright she's just common {X} Put it in the right
185:  That put that that that puts it pretty close to what it is
Interviewer:  Would you ever use that term when describing somebody uh who you thought as just an average ordinary person
185:  I wouldn't no Um Common you usually I I usually associate with someone Who considers himself To be high class Referring to other people
Interviewer:  Yeah I see well say uh an elderly person maybe a woman who's in her nineties but she still had people to look after herself do all the cooking that sort of thing you might say well I don't care how old she is she's still mighty
185:  She's still mighty bright mighty alert Mighty capable
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard anybody say something like well so and so is still mighty spry
185:  Yeah Yeah still mighty spry
Interviewer:  Or say if um a woman's children are out late at night uh and uh she might say something like well I don't suppose they did anything wrong but I just can't help feeling a little
185:  A little troubled A little worried
Interviewer:  Yeah or you wouldn't say she feels easy about it you'd say
185:  She feels uneasy
Interviewer:  Or a person who say a child who doesn't want to go upstairs in the dark you say he's
185:  He's scared
Interviewer:  Anything besides scared
185:  He's afraid of the dark Um frightened
Interviewer:  Any particular terms for a child who frightens very easily
185:  A fraidy cat
Interviewer:  A fraidy cat the uh uh oh say a person who leaves a lot of money out in plain sight leaves his door unlocked you'd say he was awfully
185:  Awfully dumb
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  He's um Awfully brave
Interviewer:  Brave or
185:  Awfully foolish Um
Interviewer:  He's not careful with it
185:  He's careless
Interviewer:  Say uh I might have an Aunt Lizzy say there's nothing really wrong with Aunt Lizzy it's just that every now and then she acts a little
185:  A little strange
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  A little batty
Interviewer:  Yeah yeah yeah
185:  I have an aunt like that
Interviewer:  Is that
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Maybe the old arteries are going
185:  Yeah the arteries are going in a hurry
Interviewer:  Would nowadays or whenever can you recall people ever using the word queer in that context
185:  Mm-hmm my grand my grandmother uses it {NW} In that context and um You have to like shift in and out of a generational difference
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  And um She uses gay also {NW} And so and so it seemed rather gay today
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  You know I
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  I was there with my brother and his wife And we just would have looked at each other like
Interviewer:  {NW} Wonder if there's any way of tactfully
185:  Explaining that I don't think so I don't think so
Interviewer:  If you were to use that word queer you would
185:  I I'd be referring to a homosexual
Interviewer:  When you were talking of gay
185:  The same thing
Interviewer:  Say a a a person or somebody you just can't joke with them without him losing his temper you'd say he's mighty
185:  He's mighty short tempered mighty hot headed
Interviewer:  Would people be likely to say touchy there he's kind of a touchy fellow
185:  Yeah Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Use that one
185:  Could be used there
Interviewer:  Do you hear that much now and then
185:  Um Not too much I don't think
Interviewer:  Hmm probably less so than what you mentioned
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Or say somebody like that uh you might say well I was just kidding I didn't know he'd get
185:  He'd get mad
Interviewer:  Again somebody like that if they're about to lose their temper you don't want them to you might say well now just
185:  Just cool it just cool off Just hold it Calm down
Interviewer:  Yeah or say somebody's been working all day at the end of the day you say he's
185:  He's mighty tired
Interviewer:  Or if he were you know extremely tired you'd say he's all
185:  Exhausted
Interviewer:  Anything besides that exhausted or uh something that might mean the same thing
185:  Um I've heard I've heard it said of small children when they've been playing all day then they get through it they're all tuckered out
Interviewer:  All tuckered out yeah worn out
185:  Yeah worn out
Interviewer:  Pooped
185:  Yeah Pooped
Interviewer:  Shot
185:  Shot
Interviewer:  There are a lot of good ones for that destroyed
185:  Yes
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  {X} With a T
Interviewer:  Yeah right say uh if you hear somebody's in the hospital uh you might say something like well he was looking fine yesterday when was it he
185:  He got sick
Interviewer:  Or say uh this expression if you were going somewhere and you weren't in any particular hurry to get there you might say oh we'll get there
185:  Sooner or later
Interviewer:  Ever heard anybody use the expression by and by to mean that
185:  Mm-hmm I have
Interviewer:  Uh say somebody who got you know overheated and they chilled and his eyes started watering and his nose running you'd say he
185:  He's got a cold
Interviewer:  Or uh if it affected his voice you know say I'm just a little bit
185:  Little bit hoarse
Interviewer:  And if I do that I've got a
185:  A cold a sore throat a cough
Interviewer:  Or I might say well I better go to bed I'm feeling a little bit
185:  Sleepy
Interviewer:  But at seven o clock in the morning I'll
185:  Be wide awake
Interviewer:  Or talking about another person who's still sleeping you might say well better go
185:  Wake him up
Interviewer:  Say if uh uh if I wanted to send you to somebody else with a package or something like this I might ask you will you please this to so and so
185:  Take this
Interviewer:  And the past of that would be
185:  I took it
Interviewer:  And I have
185:  Taken it
Interviewer:  And if somebody who uh just about can't hear anything at all you'd say he's stone
185:  Deaf
Interviewer:  You get out in the hot sun start working it's not long before you begin to
185:  Sweat
Interviewer:  Anything besides that
185:  Mm-mm
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear anybody say perspire
185:  No you always sweat In south Georgia in the summer you sweat
Interviewer:  Do dainty old ladies ever say sweat little old ladies with blue hair
185:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  Speaking of little old ladies with blue hair that that's one thing my my mother always wanted was a blue rinse on her hair
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  And now they're out of fashion {NW} I don't think little old gentile ladies sweat
Interviewer:  Yeah well I
185:  At worst at at most they might perspire or get a little warm
Interviewer:  Yeah right I I found out a distinction when I was in Arkansas lady told me that horses sweat men perspire and ladies glistened so
185:  Oh
Interviewer:  Might inform some people {X} That ever comes up sometimes these places some people get on their skin they usually have kind of little kind of white dot in the middle kind of red mash them you know get that stuff out
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Call that
185:  That's a hickey
Interviewer:  A hickey
185:  Or a pimple
Interviewer:  Anything besides that uh that you might have heard them called {X} What do you say you do to water when you bring it to its
185:  A boil
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  Yeah they can be boils
Interviewer:  And that stuff that I was talking about the white stuff
185:  Pus
Interviewer:  Or say if somebody got uh bit on their finger you'd say it began to
185:  To swell
Interviewer:  The past of that yesterday it
185:  It swelled
Interviewer:  And it's
185:  It's been swollen or it swelled
Interviewer:  Yeah uh these blisters that some people get on their hand do you have any idea what that stuff inside
185:  The liquid the fluid
Interviewer:  What do people call that
185:  Water I think
Interviewer:  Or say if uh somebody accidentally got shot or stabbed you might take him to the doctor so that the doctor could treat the
185:  The wound
Interviewer:  You ever heard you know if a place like that didn't heal cleanly you might get some kind of white flaky flesh forming around have you ever heard that called any kind of flesh in particular
185:  Proud flesh
Interviewer:  Proud flesh
185:  Mm-hmm Um
Interviewer:  Was it accurate what I was describing
185:  I think so Um That's a term from my grandmother's generation proud flesh Um I heard our doctor refer to it as proud flesh I think that's what he was talking about I don't know {NW} My brother got his Foot cut one time One summer And it tried to get infected And he referred to something as proud flesh
Interviewer:  Uh and this stuff if you had a cut you might get it out of your medicine cabinet and put it on it to prevent infection kind of brown liquid
185:  Some mercurochrome
Interviewer:  Yeah that
185:  Or some iodine
Interviewer:  Yeah and this stuff that people used to take for malaria you know a white bitter powder
185:  Quinine
Interviewer:  What's that
185:  Quinine
Interviewer:  Never seen it
185:  I've never seen it either We always Drink gin and tonic for that
Interviewer:  {NW} Uh talking about say someone who died can you think of any other expression joking or otherwise that you've heard old so and so finally
185:  Kicked the bucket um Blacks always say that somebody passed
Interviewer:  Passed
185:  Uh-huh We say that they passed on That they've gone to their reward
Interviewer:  Uh what about uh so and so cast in his chips
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Heard that
185:  Yeah cashed in his chips
Interviewer:  I heard one fellow tell me told me he had been iced
185:  {NW} #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
185:  Very interesting term
Interviewer:  Yeah uh one I haven't quite figured out he {X}
185:  Uh-uh
Interviewer:  Neither have I
185:  No I don't either
Interviewer:  Say somebody who's who's been dead you might say well so and so been dead a week now nobody has yet figured out what he
185:  What he died of
Interviewer:  And the place that people are buried you call that
185:  That's the cemetery {NW} Um Sometimes it's referred to as the burying ground
Interviewer:  What about graveyard
185:  The graveyard yeah
Interviewer:  Would it make any difference what you called it if it were a say just a private place
185:  It
Interviewer:  Maybe out in the country
185:  It'd be it'd be their family cemetery the family burying ground family burial ground
Interviewer:  And uh the the box that the body is placed
185:  Is the coffin
Interviewer:  And besides that
185:  Um No
Interviewer:  The casket
185:  Oh yeah the casket Yeah
Interviewer:  And the uh
185:  Casket is used more often than coffin
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm I see well say uh I don't know if it's done too much nowadays but uh people at a funeral who are dressed in black you say they're in
185:  They're in mourning
Interviewer:  This expression say if somebody just met you on the street on an average day and asked you how you're feeling what would you probably say
185:  I'm fine
Interviewer:  Or uh uh when people get older they complain that uh their joints are stiff and aching they say got a little touch of
185:  A little touch of arthritis
Interviewer:  Anything besides that
185:  Um Sometimes it's pronounced arthritis
Interviewer:  Arthritis
185:  And rheu- and um rheumatism Or the {D: rheumatis}
Interviewer:  The {D: rheumatis} is that the same thing as the misery ever heard that
185:  I've heard of the miseries but I don't know what the miseries are
Interviewer:  {X} Say this uh you don't hear about this disease too much anymore but children used to die of it they get sores you know in their throat wouldn't be able to breathe it would kind of strangle them
185:  Diphtheria
Interviewer:  Or another disease that causes your skin to turn yellow
185:  Oh jaundice
Interviewer:  Just just jaundice for that have you ever heard anything
185:  Um Yellow jaundice
Interviewer:  Or say if if somebody were getting a very severe pain right around here they'd probably be having a
185:  Appendicitis {NS}
Interviewer:  Or if somebody ate something that disagreed with them and came back up you'd say he had to
185:  He had to throw up or he had to vomit
Interviewer:  Any uh less gentile expressions for that that you can recall
185:  Less gentile
Interviewer:  More on the crude side
185:  Um he had to barf
Interviewer:  He had to barf uh
185:  Had to puke
Interviewer:  Puke yeah yeah there are some good ones for that too can you think of anything else for that
185:  He had to urp
Interviewer:  To urp
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  Had to heave
Interviewer:  {NW} These are all so terrific
185:  Very descriptive
Interviewer:  Right yeah uh that lady in Arkadelphia she said she was kind of she was in I guess late forties or something like that when she was in college and I guess it was the fifties she said for that uh somebody had too much to drink they had to go flash
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  You've heard
185:  Yeah I've heard that but um {NW} And I've heard it referred to As having to um As when you've had Too much to drink {NW} But it's a frat term
Interviewer:  Hmm
185:  I'd pick it up over at the Chi Phi house here Yeah
Interviewer:  That's interesting I wonder what the association it's had with a fraternity I should have asked if she were in a sorority I guess
185:  You know I don't know that it's a fraternity term but that's where I first heard it
Interviewer:  That's interesting well someone like that you say he's sick where
185:  In the to the stomach or sick on his stomach
Interviewer:  What do you use naturally do you have any idea so and so what or I'm sick
185:  I just say I'm sick
Interviewer:  Just sick
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Say uh oh these in uh you're in grammar school taking traditional grammar to indicate future they'd always distinguish between these modals or helping verbs they'd call them
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  First person you're always supposed to say something and the rest of them you said something else do you know what I'm talking about to indicate future time
185:  Will and will be and all those
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  Okay
Interviewer:  So you say he will go but I you guys must have used will for I first person
185:  I shall
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  I shall yeah
Interviewer:  Do you ever use that naturally
185:  Um Probably not Probably not I usually {NW} I find myself that um When I consciously pay attention to what I'm saying I tend to be Pretty Strict about the grammar things like that And I I know that sometimes I will consciously use shall
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  But I think that I usually use will
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm or contracted I'll
185:  Yeah Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Say uh if a if a young fellow keeps going to the same girl's house you know
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Very frequently people figure he's getting serious about her what would you say he's in the process of doing he's
185:  He's courting Or he's they'd say now that he's dating
Interviewer:  Anything besides that you ever heard to mean the same thing courting dating
185:  I can't think of any right now
Interviewer:  Ever heard anybody actually say sparking
185:  No
Interviewer:  Are you familiar with that
185:  No Not at all familiar
Interviewer:  What would you say that uh that's pretty bad I got three
185:  Right and you missed them all
Interviewer:  What would you call what would you say he was he would be her
185:  Her um her boyfriend
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  Provided provided that she cared for him
Interviewer:  Yeah and she would be his
185:  His girlfriend
Interviewer:  Or say if if uh he came home late at night and his little brother found lipstick all of his collar said ah you've been
185:  You've been smooching
Interviewer:  Anything besides that you've ever heard used smooching
185:  Necking
Interviewer:  Necking
185:  Petting
Interviewer:  Petting making out
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Kissing
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Or say if uh if he asks her uh if he was really getting serious you say well why let's get
185:  Let's get married
Interviewer:  But if say it turns out she doesn't want him you'd say she did what to him
185:  She jilted him
Interviewer:  Or if on the other hand they went ahead and got married at the ceremony the the man who stands up with the groom you call him the
185:  The best man
Interviewer:  What about the equivalent for the bride
185:  Um I guess it'd be either the matron or the maid of honor
Interviewer:  What's the difference
185:  Matron of honor is married maid of honor's a single woman
Interviewer:  I think this came up in conversation I'm not sure but you ever heard of any particular terms for a very noisy ceremony after a wedding let's say a lot of people might if the couple's not going on a honeymoon a lot of people follow them back to the house and just raise all kinds of hell uh you don't really hear about it too much anymore but these used to get almost violent firing shotguns
185:  Was
Interviewer:  Pulling dirty tricks on them the couple you know
185:  Um This isn't the reception no this is not the reception
Interviewer:  Unusual
185:  Um No I've never heard that
Interviewer:  You ever heard the term chivaree
185:  No
Interviewer:  Or serenade
185:  No It sounds like a Louisiana term
Interviewer:  I'm not sure I ran into it in Tennessee Arkansas it seemed the further west I got the more familiar they were with it
185:  Uh
Interviewer:  Had eight people tell me they would pull stuff like kidnap the groom and handcuff him to a light post he'd have to spend the night you know like that just you know terrible say if you were in uh in Knoxville over the weekend and while you were there you saw somebody behind you when you came back you were telling me about it later
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  You'd say well I saw so and so
185:  This weekend
Interviewer:  And referring to the place you say I saw so and so
185:  In Knoxville
Interviewer:  Or or maybe if you were in Miami and the same thing occurred and you were telling me about it later what would you say
185:  I'd say that I saw so and so in Miami
Interviewer:  Okay do you ever hear or do you know if you yourself ever use something like well I saw so and so up at Knoxville I saw so and so down in Miami
185:  I probably do but I'm not sure
Interviewer:  In other words location
185:  As
Interviewer:  Make a difference
185:  {NW} Um I don't know I don't know if I ev- if I use up in and down in
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  Or over in
Interviewer:  What about if if somebody were came to your house looking for somebody and he wasn't at at uh your house but say maybe uh a few houses beyond your house
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  You might say well he's not here he's
185:  He's um I'd probably say he's over at
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  So I probably do use up in and down in {NW} I'd say he's over at say John's And then tell him how to get there
Interviewer:  I see or say if you were having uh if there were a party going on and somebody or the neighbors uh got a little bit upset and called the police when they police came over they didn't arrest just one person they arrested the
185:  They arrested everybody
Interviewer:  Or the crowd
185:  The crowd They arrested
Interviewer:  If you were emphasizing the fact that it's you know everybody involved they arrested the
185:  The whole
Interviewer:  And at a party you might have a either a man or plan somebody to place the stereo and you'd you'd have a to the music the couples get out
185:  And dance
Interviewer:  What about the names of a few dances that you're familiar with any
185:  I'm not familiar with any with any the only I can think of is the hustle and that's old by now
Interviewer:  Yeah any old fashioned ones that uh you know now not necessarily old fashioned but in earlier time
185:  Oh yeah waltz Foxtrot Jitterbug Charleston That's all I can think of now
Interviewer:  Say uh if children get out of school at three o clock you say that at three o clock school does what
185:  School's over or school lets out
Interviewer:  Or say if you're in summertime school has not been in session uh somebody might ask toward the end of summer when does the school
185:  Let in or when does school begin
Interviewer:  Or some somebody say a boy who left home supposedly going to school and never got there on purpose you'd say he did what
185:  He ran away
Interviewer:  Ran away or any other expression uh specifically used for that situation
185:  That he
Interviewer:  Going to school
185:  And never made it
Interviewer:  Yeah deliberately
185:  Just that he left home I I can't think of any
Interviewer:  Played hooky
185:  Oh oh oh Yeah yeah oh I see what you're doing I was think okay I thought you meant like by going to school you meant to college I'm sorry
Interviewer:  I see
185:  I'm sorry okay yeah he played hooky
Interviewer:  That's pretty natural
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Natural to you
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  What about if you just don't go to class here at college you say
185:  I just slept in
Interviewer:  Just what
185:  Slept in
Interviewer:  Slept in hmm does that refer to the fact that you uh stayed in the dorm or something
185:  Oh it just usually you'd wake up and look at your watch and go oh {NW} Roll over wake up a couple of hours later and your classes are over
Interviewer:  Yeah well what if I cut class
185:  Yeah I cut class
Interviewer:  That phrase
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Uh and you say that people go to school to get a
185:  An education
Interviewer:  And after after kindergarten the grade that you go into that's the
185:  First grade
Interviewer:  And these things that that we have in the classrooms here that you sit in you call them
185:  Desks
Interviewer:  And singular would be just
185:  A desk
Interviewer:  A few buildings around town common buildings if you want to uh check out a book you go to the
185:  To the library
Interviewer:  And if you want to mail a package
185:  You go to the post office
Interviewer:  An if you have to stay overnight in a strange town you'd go to the
185:  To the motel or the hotel
Interviewer:  Or if you wanted to see a a movie or a play something like that you'd go to the
185:  The theater
Interviewer:  And say if you got sick and had to go to the hospital the woman who takes care of you she's the
185:  The nurse
Interviewer:  And if you had to catch a train you'd go down to the
185:  To the depot
Interviewer:  Any other term mean the same thing
185:  The train station
Interviewer:  The train station or the the rail anything with the rail in it that you might
185:  May- may- may- maybe {NW} Railroad station
Interviewer:  Railroad station
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  What about if you had to catch a bus
185:  The bus station
Interviewer:  Sometimes I don't know if it still is like this but uh usually the the business district sometimes is arranged around an area like so where the courthouse might be right in the center
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Seem kinda like
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  What do you call that area
185:  That's um the courthouse square
Interviewer:  Courthouse square
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Ever just court square you heard that
185:  Never just court square always just courthouse square
Interviewer:  Or say if uh
185:  Azul is not arranged that way but Nashville which is thirty miles south from us is
Interviewer:  I see or say if uh downtown a building uh say with one building here there might be a building right here and then another one like so in relation to this building you'd say that this building is
185:  Is catty corner
Interviewer:  Um these things that used to be use for transportation that ran from wires overhead and on rails
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Call those you know in San Fransisco
185:  Um Street cars
Interviewer:  Street cars anything besides that
185:  Um I can't think of any
Interviewer:  Trolley
185:  Yeah trolleys
Interviewer:  Or say if you were riding on a bus you might tell the driver well the next uh corner is where I'll {X}
Interviewer:  Well
185:  Okay well it's not really that much about them I don't I don't I may have told you about the hard shells I don't know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  Mentioning about funerals That um When they die That um They don't believe that you go to heaven right then Um What they do is they they go out and put you out in the cemetery they bury you And you just wait there for Gabriel to blow his horn on the day of judgment And on the day and um On the day of judgment is when you go to either heaven or hell But until then you're just out there these these are the hard shell kind of baptists The ones without any music in the church
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  Something that they used to do that I'm not sure if they still do anymore especially at country funerals Is that at the end of the service they'd open up the casket for one last look And that got to be There just got to be some really Bad scenes at them People would like would have been holding up pretty well through the service {NW} But that would just be the end of it
Interviewer:  I went to a have you ever been to a service
185:  Yes Yes I've been to
Interviewer:  My first fundamentalist service this summer guy this guy was having a {X} Said well I'll keep talking if you go to church with us no big deal have mercy were kind of the shouting variety amens holler up and down you know this kind of thing I was embarrassed you know pretty conservative but subdued kind of methodist
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Crazy {NW}
185:  Did anybody talk in tongues
Interviewer:  No there wasn't a lot of that
185:  They did get up and shout though did anybody walk on the back of the pews
Interviewer:  No
185:  Or start or start prancing in the aisles
Interviewer:  No
185:  Nothing I was wondering
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  Um I It's something it may be because when we were at a family reunion one time And um It was during the business meeting afterwards and they always Singing like One woman got up and wanted everyone to pray for her brother who was a preacher who had been sick {NW} Said that she was just talking to him the other day about the lord And about death and dying and going to heaven {NW} And so she started shouting And um {NW} After the meeting after she calmed down and sat back down the meeting was over and we left we were talking about it on the way home {NW} And my grandmother this was my Paternal grandmother {NW} Said that well that the only thing she wanted To see was for the woman to either Prance in the aisles or walk on the back of the pews
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  And so obviously she has seen this happen before
Interviewer:  You mean from going to the back of the overflow coming back over where
185:  I don't know I don't know if she knew like going like walking on them like
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  Like Going from the front to the back or walking on them long ways because they were home made pews that had two before turned there was about a three inch space there So a very agile person could probably maneuver it
Interviewer:  Now you've seen it all
185:  And my father used to um He and his friends would go the holy roller church Just to watch them roll
Interviewer:  {NW} Did you see that documentary on Marjoe Gortner
185:  No I didn't
Interviewer:  Ever heard of him
185:  Yeah I've heard of him
Interviewer:  People get the shakes you know have you ever been to a black church ceremony
185:  No um we can't do that anymore Since integration that is not possible {NW} Um my parents have been my grandparents have been blacks used to go to our church we'd go to the methodist church in Ocilla {NW} And um Since integration No The whites would be horrified if there if if a black came to worship
Interviewer:  Hmm
185:  Um And Whites don't go to the black church Um There were blacks at my cousin's wedding at the baptist church their maid came
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  But um I think everyone just would have realized that this was a special occasion And um And accepted it That's that that's not that uncommon to have one or two blacks at weddings {NW} And at funerals If like the like the maid for years and Their um Their mistress or the That they worked for died
Interviewer:  Charismatic movement
185:  Mm no
Interviewer:  So well I don't know a whole lot about it but if you've ever heard on TV it's always {X} Show
185:  I've seen it advertised I never watched it
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  No
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  Oh God
Interviewer:  That was I don't know there seems to be there seem to be some pressing you know intellectual side of religion
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  You know it's all this faith healing and that kind of stuff it seems like {X} To me
185:  It's probably what it is
Interviewer:  Every time I would turn that on and see the emcee for that show I think of {X} Nathaniel Hawthorne described uh Hester that he had not only called her {X}
185:  That's very good I like that
Interviewer:  Well let's see I don't know if Ocilla is this but anyway the town in the county in which you have a courthouse you call that the
185:  That's the county seat and that is Ocilla Uh-huh
Interviewer:  And uh what would you say that the police in a town are supposed to maintain
185:  Law and order Law and order one word
Interviewer:  {NW} Part of the plank of Wallace's platform
185:  Definitely Definitely
Interviewer:  Or say uh in the days before you had the electric chair murderers were usually
185:  They were hanged
Interviewer:  Asking
185:  Or lynched one or the other depends on who gets there first
Interviewer:  Really ask you some uh some names of uh states and cities mainly just for pronunciation
185:  Okay
Interviewer:  Uh the largest city in the country state that's in that's called
185:  New York
Interviewer:  And uh Baltimore is in
185:  Maryland
Interviewer:  And uh uh uh the volunteer state that's
185:  Tennessee
Interviewer:  And uh where Truman's from
185:  Missouri
Interviewer:  And Little Rock's in
185:  Arkansas
Interviewer:  And uh Austin is in
185:  Texas
Interviewer:  And uh Tulsa
185:  Oklahoma
Interviewer:  And Boston
185:  Massachusetts
Interviewer:  What about a name for states you know from uh Maine to Connecticut all together
185:  New England
Interviewer:  And uh the capital of this country that's
185:  Washington D C
Interviewer:  And probably the biggest city in Missouri that would be
185:  Saint Louis
Interviewer:  And in Maryland probably
185:  Be Baltimore
Interviewer:  And the old sea port in South Carolina
185:  Charleston
Interviewer:  What about the sea port here in Georgia
185:  Savannah
Interviewer:  And the biggest city in Alabama would be
185:  Birmingham
Interviewer:  And uh the capital of Alabama would be
185:  Montgomery
Interviewer:  And the port city is
185:  Mobile
Interviewer:  What the the what about the uh the body of water down there that's referring to is the
185:  The gulf The gulf of Mexico
Interviewer:  Could you name uh uh oh just two or three bigger cities in Tennessee
185:  Knoxville Memphis Nashville
Interviewer:  What about the choo-choo city
185:  That's Chattanooga
Interviewer:  In North Carolina are you familiar with any with uh resort city
185:  Asheville
Interviewer:  Or uh the capital here where we are this is
185:  Is Atlanta
Interviewer:  And uh uh a very large city might be the second largest in Georgia uh close to the Alabama line
185:  Columbus
Interviewer:  Any other you know fairly prominent cities in Georgia that come to mind
185:  Macon Augusta Savannah
Interviewer:  And the city in Louisiana where L-S-U
185:  Baton Rouge
Interviewer:  And the big city in Southern Ohio has the reds baseball team
185:  Cincinnati
Interviewer:  And the city of Kentucky has the derby
185:  Louisville
Interviewer:  And uh there's a few part of the countries if you were in Paris you'd be in
185:  France
Interviewer:  And Moscow
185:  You'd be in Russia
Interviewer:  And Dublin
185:  Ireland
Interviewer:  What about uh uh say talking about church again somebody who becomes a member of the church you say he did what
185:  He joined the church
Interviewer:  And when you're in church you you pray to
185:  To God
Interviewer:  Any other names
185:  For God
Interviewer:  Yeah just commonly used
185:  The Lord
Interviewer:  Or when you go to church you listen to
185:  To the To the preacher To the minister
Interviewer:  And he preaches a
185:  A sermon
Interviewer:  Or you might somebody might say well I don't care too much about the sermon I just come to listen to the
185:  To the music
Interviewer:  And you uh an adjective that you might use when describing music it's very that sure is
185:  Pretty
Interviewer:  Or something besides that you might call a a very uh impressive sunset that sure is a
185:  Beautiful
Interviewer:  Uh say if you're on your way to church and you have a flat tire you might say something like well church will be over
185:  When I get there
Interviewer:  Or in referring to the process of having to change this thing in fact it's going to slow you up church is going to be over
185:  Before I change the tire
Interviewer:  And what would you say uh the uh the opposite say of God would be is supposed to be
185:  The devil Satan Lucifer
Interviewer:  Any other terms for that you can remember uh the devil Satan Lucifer you ever hear parents uh well not threatening their children but uh you know if you keep that up then
185:  The boogeyman
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  Oh I never knew that that the boogeyman was the devil
Interviewer:  Well I I probably suggested that it was what about the boogeyman did you think it was some
185:  {NW} I thought I thought that the boogeyman was just sort of like Had this great big Sack And he came by like
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  This great big white sack and like stuffed naughty children in it and hauled them off
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  I didn't know where they went
Interviewer:  Yeah what about these things you know some people claim they see them around graveyards uh
185:  Ghost
Interviewer:  Any other name for for ghost
185:  Haints
Interviewer:  Haints
185:  Spirits
Interviewer:  Spirits mm-hmm what about uh spooks
185:  Yeah spooks
Interviewer:  Does that mean anything else
185:  Oh yeah a spook is also a black person
Interviewer:  Spook or a a something else that begins with S might call a shovel a
185:  A spade
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  What if these ghosts get in the house you might say that the house
185:  Is haunted or hainted {NW} That happened to my father one time he was at his um His grandfather's {NW} And it was one of these old houses with the H- Big hallway through the middle
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  And they had had the laundry out To dry they had been washing clothes {NW} And I guess they were all asleep by this time and I guess they didn't bring the laundry in or something {NW} But um The goat Got out And ran through the laundry and got a sheet wrapped around him and somehow came up those steps {NW} And went charging down through that central hallway {NW} And everyone thought that it was a ghost The grown-ups the children everybody
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm amazing what about uh say uh somebody asks you to do something that you're not particularly crazy about doing I'd say well I'll do that if you insist but
185:  Don't really want to
Interviewer:  Would you ever use the word rather then
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  I'll do that but I
185:  But I'd rather not
Interviewer:  Or say if you see a friend of yours that you haven't seen in a long time what what may might you see say in way of greeting him when you see him
185:  How are you doing it's sure been a long time since we've seen you
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm or say if uh if you're inviting somebody over to your house you you might say something like well we'll be to have you
185:  We'll be glad we'll be happy
Interviewer:  Ever heard anybody use proud there be mighty proud to have you
185:  Mm-hmm I have um My grandmothers do Be proud to have you stay proud to have you over
Interviewer:  Or say a man who owns oh let's say several thousand acres of land talking about the quantity there you'd say oh so and so owns a
185:  A lot of land
Interviewer:  Ever heard people use the expression right smart for that he's a right smart
185:  I have yeah Ol- older people Older people
Interviewer:  They'd say
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Say something that you could say that would be stronger than merely yes uh as far as affirmation is concerned can you do that
185:  Hell yes
Interviewer:  {NW} Right well do you ever hear of do you ever hear people use the word certainly in that context certainly
185:  Mm-hmm Certainly yes
Interviewer:  Do you ever use it yourself every now and then I guess it would be more like
185:  Um Hell yes is probably more likely or I'd just say sure
Interviewer:  Sure or say uh if you wanted to be that concept to be polite to an older person say to them you'd say not just yes
185:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  And to a woman
185:  Yes ma'am
Interviewer:  Or uh oh if you were provoked with yourself for doing something stupid you know like accidentally you know knocking over a plate of food or something like that do you ever say anything to yourself or say anything like that at all
185:  Yeah I talk to myself I I'd probably say that was a stupid thing to do
Interviewer:  Or uh if you had heard that somebody had something about you that's not particularly flattering and this gets back to you {X} All that you might say well what might you say you know just anything in that situation
185:  I'd probably think of something to say about the person that said it about me
Interviewer:  {NW}
185:  Or I'd say well it's not true
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of people nowadays saying anything like oh yeah the idea of that guy
185:  Um I had an English teacher In high school Um Who was very fond of saying well the very idea
Interviewer:  {NW} But you don't hear it too much
185:  No
Interviewer:  Or say uh if you meet someone that you know on the street what might you just say to them in the way of greeting them
185:  Hello how are you how do you feel Been good to see you What you doing
Interviewer:  Would you ever say that to a stranger
185:  Someone I've never ever seen before
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  No
Interviewer:  Or uh would you say anything at all to a stranger just you know passing on the street
185:  Probably not
Interviewer:  Or say if somebody has {X} They're about to leave and you'd like them to come back sometime might say well now why don't y'all come
185:  Come back
Interviewer:  Come back or come
185:  Come later or
Interviewer:  Or let's do this
185:  Again
Interviewer:  Talking about greetings how would you greet someone on December twenty-fifth you'd say
185:  Merry Christmas
Interviewer:  And around Ocilla in this part of the country uh on Christmas day do you ever say anything uh besides that for example when you see a person for the first time on Christmas morning is there anything you're supposed to say before they say it to you kind of like a little game
185:  Don't think so
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of people saying Christmas gift
185:  {NW} Um I've heard of Christmas gift but I read it about Somebody and their slaves
Interviewer:  Hmm
185:  Maybe it was about um Reading about um I don't know who but it was About slaves
Interviewer:  And around January first you greet somebody by saying
185:  Happy new year
Interviewer:  Ever heard of the equivalent of that Christmas gift for new year's
185:  No
Interviewer:  Say if somebody has done you a favor you might say well I'm much to you
185:  I'm much obliged
Interviewer:  Or if somebody is asking you to do something and you're not sure about whether you'll have time to do it you might say something like well uh I have time
185:  I think
Interviewer:  When well when a woman say has to go to town to get a few things she says that she has to do some
185:  Some shopping
Interviewer:  And when she makes a purchase you say that the storekeeper took some paper and
185:  And wrapped
Interviewer:  And when she gets home she
185:  Unwraps
Interviewer:  Or if a store is selling things for less than what they paid for them you'd say they're selling how they're selling how
185:  At a loss
Interviewer:  Or if there's something that you admire that you'd like to have you might say well it sure would be nice to have that but it just too much
185:  Just costs too much
Interviewer:  And you say that usually on the first of the month the bill is
185:  Is due
Interviewer:  And you're in a club you have to pay
185:  Dues
Interviewer:  Or if you wanted to buy something that costs a great deal of money you might go see your banker to see if you could
185:  Get a loan
Interviewer:  Or
185:  Borrow
Interviewer:  And uh if you go down to the pool you might go off the end of a board like so you'd say that you
185:  Dove off
Interviewer:  And the present would be
185:  Dive
Interviewer:  And I've many times
185:  I've dove
Interviewer:  What about if you do that you dive in and you land flat like that pop what'd you say you're doing
185:  Um you did a belly flop
Interviewer:  A belly flop you ever heard that called anything
185:  A belly buster
Interviewer:  Or say when you get in the water you begin to
185:  To swim
Interviewer:  And the past would be yesterday
185:  I swam
Interviewer:  And I've
185:  Swam
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of uh if you went into a store and bought something or maybe paid off your monthly bill the store keeper might give you something a little extra or some little gift or something uh you ever heard that called anything in particular
185:  I've never heard it called anything in particular
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of a lagniappe
185:  No
Interviewer:  Or say uh talking about swimming if doesn't know how to swim he might
185:  He might drown
Interviewer:  And uh you might say that uh that uh he's
185:  He's drowned
Interviewer:  Or or yesterday he
185:  He drowned
Interviewer:  A baby before it's able to walk you say it
185:  It crawls
Interviewer:  And if there's something up a tree that I threw my frisbee up a tree I'd have to
185:  Climb
Interviewer:  And the past would be yesterday I
185:  I climbed
Interviewer:  And I've
185:  Climbed
Interviewer:  Uh uh say if I'm feeling tired I might say well I think I'll go to bed for a while
185:  Rest
Interviewer:  Or talking about actually you know in a prone position I believe I'll
185:  Lie down
Interviewer:  Or talking about somebody else who was sick he couldn't he would sit he just had to
185:  Had to lie down
Interviewer:  When you go to sleep sometimes these things that you you know see in your sleep you see your
185:  A dream
Interviewer:  Okay the verb form
185:  I dreamed
Interviewer:  And the past would be like you said
185:  I dreamed
Interviewer:  I've
185:  Dreamed
Interviewer:  Uh what would you say it is I if I brought down my foot you know real hard on the floor like
185:  You stamped
Interviewer:  Or say if a boy uh met a girl at a party something like that and he wanted to uh see her home after the party what would he probably ask may I
185:  Take you home
Interviewer:  And uh say if my car got stuck in the mud I might ask somebody to get behind me and give me a
185:  A push
Interviewer:  And um if you were and say some children were in the kitchen and uh the mother was at the stove she might say something like well now that stove's hot so
185:  Don't touch
Interviewer:  And now if there were something in the the room say that uh I wanted I might tell you to go
185:  Bring it
Interviewer:  And the past of that would be
185:  Brought
Interviewer:  And I've
185:  Brought
Interviewer:  Children uh say games that you might play uh oh it might involve chasing you know
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Playing tag
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Was there usually a place that you could run to and be safe where you wouldn't be tagged
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  What did you call that
185:  That was home or home base
Interviewer:  Was it ever called a goal or just home base
185:  I don't know if it was called a goal or not I don't believe it was I believe it was just home or home base
Interviewer:  I see or say if uh I threw you a ball you're supposed to
185:  Catch it
Interviewer:  And the past would be after that
185:  I caught
Interviewer:  And I've
185:  Caught
Interviewer:  Or say if we're supposed to to meet in town I might say something like well now if I get there before you do I'll
185:  I'll wait
Interviewer:  Or say if uh if your father had to get rid of a hired man he might come back a few days later and say oh come on just give me another
185:  Chance
Interviewer:  Or say somebody who always has a pleasant word for everybody you might say well he sure seems to be in a good
185:  A good humor A good mood
Interviewer:  Or somebody who who really doesn't know what's going on well you might say he like he did doesn't really know what's going on but he
185:  Acted
Interviewer:  Or if a boy left his left his pencil on his desk left the room but came back and it was gone you might say well looks like somebody
185:  Stole it
Interviewer:  Anything besides that stole
185:  Swiped it {NS} Took it
Interviewer:  Ripped it off
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Or say if you wanted to get in touch with somebody that you uh that you uh haven't seen don't have a telephone you sit down to
185:  To write them
Interviewer:  And the past would be
185:  Wrote
Interviewer:  And I've
185:  I've written
Interviewer:  And after you go to the trouble of writing them you say you expect to get a
185:  An answer
Interviewer:  And you take the letter put it in an envelope and
185:  Address it
Interviewer:  You might say well I'd like to write so and so but I don't know his
185:  Address
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  Okay
Interviewer:  Um
185:  Okay
Interviewer:  Tired appreciate it
185:  That's quite alright
Interviewer:  What uh say if a little boy has uh has acquired uh a new skill like whistling something uh you might say well who how to do that
185:  Who taught
Interviewer:  And uh say if somebody asks you if you've put up that new fence you've been talking about putting up you might say well no but I pretty soon
185:  But I will
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of uh any particular names for a child who goes around telling on other children
185:  A tattle tale
Interviewer:  Tattle tale
185:  A blab
Interviewer:  Yeah to you is there any difference between tattling and gossiping
185:  {NW} Mm-hmm there is Um
Interviewer:  Kind of a hard thing to put your finger
185:  It's kind of yeah it is but but there's a difference and it's not so much {NW} A substantive Difference as one of degree
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  But there is gossip Gossip is for like two is is usually involve Well tattling is just someone going around And telling {NW} Gossip usually involved two people sitting down and just dissecting someone
Interviewer:  Do you usually associate one or the other with uh children or adults
185:  Yeah Tattle being a tattle tale I I usually associate with a child and gossiping {NW} Gossiping starts at high school On up
Interviewer:  Right well what about these things that you you pick out of your yard and put in vases
185:  Flowers
Interviewer:  And these things that children play with they have a lot of
185:  Toys
Interviewer:  Heard that called anything else
185:  Play things
Interviewer:  Or say uh uh I think I've asked you this but but say if I have something that you need right now you'd say me that
185:  Bring me that give me that
Interviewer:  And the past would be yesterday I
185:  Gave
Interviewer:  I've
185:  Given
Interviewer:  And say oh you might say something like well glad I I got my umbrella I'm glad I had my umbrella we had gone a block before it
185:  Rained
Interviewer:  Or it
185:  Began to rain
Interviewer:  Uh what about the present form there say you to do something to
185:  Wait
Interviewer:  Yeah just you said began or past present it
185:  Begins
Interviewer:  Yeah to rain and I've already
185:  Begun {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh if you want to get somewhere in a hurry you wouldn't just walk but you'd begin to
185:  Run
Interviewer:  And yesterday I
185:  Ran
Interviewer:  And I've
185:  Run
Interviewer:  Or if you don't know where somebody was born you might ask well where does he from
185:  Come from
Interviewer:  Yesterday I
185:  Came And I've come
Interviewer:  Or perceiving something with your eyes you say that you
185:  See it Saw Seen
Interviewer:  Or say if uh the highway's impassable because the road crew is out there uh the highway department you say you can't get through there because the road's all
185:  Torn up
Interviewer:  Or if uh a man gives his wife say a bracelet as a gift she's just sitting there looking at it he might say well why don't you go ahead and
185:  Put it on
Interviewer:  And uh talking about uh asking somebody if he's able to perform some function might say well can you
185:  Do that
Interviewer:  Yesterday I
185:  Could
Interviewer:  For do
185:  No do did
Interviewer:  And I've
185:  Done
Interviewer:  Yeah uh say if you you're sitting on there on the couch and somebody {X} Somebody might say uh what'd you say to me I said
185:  Nothing
Interviewer:  Might say well I thought you said
185:  Something
Interviewer:  Or something somebody tells you something really strange you might say wow I never heard of
185:  That before
Interviewer:  Or I never heard of things
185:  Of those
Interviewer:  Or maybe such things I never heard of such things
185:  I've heard that I don't think I use it
Interviewer:  What about uh if somebody asks you if you lived in Ocilla uh uh all your life you might say I've lived here
185:  I've always
Interviewer:  Or say talking about riding horses you might say well I got thrown from a horse once and I've been afraid of horses ever
185:  Since
Interviewer:  Somebody who did something that wasn't accidental you say he did it
185:  On purpose
Interviewer:  Or uh say if you were trying to find out something from me and I say well I'm not your man go him
185:  Go ask him
Interviewer:  And the past would be yesterday I
185:  Asked
Interviewer:  And I've
185:  Asked
Interviewer:  And if uh boys begin to get annoyed with each other they might begin to
185:  To punch
Interviewer:  Or
185:  Hit or fight
Interviewer:  And yesterday I
185:  Fought
Interviewer:  And I've
185:  Fought
Interviewer:  Somebody did this with a knife I got
185:  Stabbed
Interviewer:  And uh say if a teacher came in the room and there were a lot of funny pictures on the board she might turn and say who
185:  Who drew those
Interviewer:  Or if you had to lift a a very heavy weight say up on the roof of a house you might dig up a a you know pulleys
185:  {X}
Interviewer:  And all that sort of thing
185:  And hoist it
Interviewer:  Yeah what would you say to somebody uh in the mor- in uh about ten o clock in the day time you'd in the way of greeting you'd say
185:  Good morning
Interviewer:  How late would you say that
185:  Until noon And then after that you'd say good afternoon
Interviewer:  Is there anything later than afternoon
185:  There's good evening
Interviewer:  Or when you're leaving somebody during the daytime what do you say
185:  Goodbye
Interviewer:  Ever heard uh any other greeting that would fit in there
185:  Bye bye
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear people say good day
185:  No
Interviewer:  Or say the names of the meals that you eat the first one in the morning that's
185:  Breakfast
Interviewer:  Later
185:  Is lunch
Interviewer:  When do you usually eat that
185:  Lunch around noon
Interviewer:  And after that
185:  Is dinner
Interviewer:  And that's about
185:  That's Night Or is around six to eight {NW} But at home The Noon meal is dinner
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  And your night meal is supper
Interviewer:  That must be a transitional sort of
185:  It is It is
Interviewer:  I find myself saying lunch more and more
185:  I say I say lunch and dinner {NW} And um I had to call Somebody up and I was inviting them To supper This was at home this summer And I said dinner And um We got it straightened out {NW} Before before they showed up at twelve the next day when they were supposed to be there
Interviewer:  Yeah
185:  Six
Interviewer:  Very practical problem well if you were leaving somebody at night you would say
185:  Good night
Interviewer:  Could you conceive of ever saying that when you were meeting somebody at night
185:  No
Interviewer:  Say if some {X} You're on a farm when you start to work before daylight you say you started before
185:  Before dawn Or before day
Interviewer:  Any other way of saying that
185:  Before sunrise
Interviewer:  Before sunrise uh and say if you were a little late getting out in the field you might say by the time you got out there the sun had already
185:  Risen
Interviewer:  And yesterday it
185:  It rose
Interviewer:  And it begins to
185:  Rise
Interviewer:  Or if you worked until the sun went out of sight you say that you worked until
185:  Sunset
Interviewer:  Uh let's see uh today is uh what Thursday
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  That means that Wednesday was
185:  Yesterday
Interviewer:  And Friday's
185:  Tomorrow
Interviewer:  If somebody came to see you on Sunday uh you know a week earlier than last Sunday
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  You say he came to see you
185:  Sunday before last
Interviewer:  Or if somebody's coming to see you a week beyond this Sunday he's coming to see you
185:  Sunday after next
Interviewer:  Or if a person uh stayed at your house from about the first to the fifteenth you'd say he stayed about
185:  About two weeks
Interviewer:  Any other thing that would work there
185:  No
Interviewer:  Is fortnight ever used
185:  No
Interviewer:  Do you know what it means
185:  Fortnight is what two weeks Yeah but fortnight is not used
Interviewer:  Or if you wanted to know the time of day you would ask me
185:  What time it is
Interviewer:  I might say well just look at my
185:  Watch
Interviewer:  And say if it were midway between seven and eight o clock you'd say it was
185:  Seven thirty
Interviewer:  And if it were fifteen minutes later at half past ten you would call that fifteen minutes later
185:  Later than half past ten would be a quarter of eleven
Interviewer:  Or say if if you've been doing something for a long time you might say well I've been doing that for quite
185:  Some time Quite a while
Interviewer:  Hear people say quite a spell
185:  Mm-hmm I have I have
Interviewer:  Or say if uh if nineteen seventy-six was last year then nineteen seventy-seven is
185:  This year
Interviewer:  Or do you have a brother
185:  Mm-hmm I do
Interviewer:  How old is he
185:  He's twenty {NS} Four
Interviewer:  Is there anything that uh you know if you were to elaborate if you were to elaborate on that a bit you'd say he's twenty-four
185:  Years old
Interviewer:  Or something that happened around this time last year you'd say it happened
185:  Last year a year ago
Interviewer:  And uh say talking about the weather now if you went out no clouds in the sky at all just blue sky you might say well I believe we're going to have a
185:  A good a fair day today
Interviewer:  Or if it's not that the sun's not shining or pretty dark you might say well
185:  Rain Or or cloudy
Interviewer:  Hear anybody say uh kind of gloomy outside
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Or say if the weather's doing this the clouds are getting thicker and thicker you're going to have some rain you'd say the weather is
185:  It's getting worse {NS} The clouds are building up
Interviewer:  Heard anybody say the weather's changing
185:  I don't think so
Interviewer:  Or say if it's been cloudy and they start pulling away and the sun starts shining through you say the weather's
185:  Clearing
Interviewer:  Heard anybody say it's beginning to fair up
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Or uh a very heavy rainfall say a couple inches in just an hour you'd say you had a regular
185:  Gully washer
Interviewer:  Heard anything besides that
185:  A flood
Interviewer:  Flood
185:  Um A storm Mostly a gully washer though I think
Interviewer:  Downpour
185:  Yeah a downpour
Interviewer:  That's another interesting one people have told me that they call it a toad strangler
185:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Stump mover all pretty good descriptions you mentioned the other time uh uh a thunderstorm what do you mean by that
185:  A thunderstorm
Interviewer:  Going on
185:  Thunder and lightning lots of thunder and lightning {NW} And lots of heavy rain
Interviewer:  Is it possible to have a storm with lightning no rain
185:  Just an electrical storm
Interviewer:  Electrical
185:  Yes
Interviewer:  Any particular terms for uh say a a regular nice sunny day then it starts to rain out of nowhere you ever heard that described any particular way
185:  Is the sun still shin-
Interviewer:  Still shining
185:  The devil's beating his wife
Interviewer:  With anything or just beating his wife
185:  Just beating his wife
Interviewer:  My version of that has always been beating his wife with frying pans {NW} Interesting though uh what about say so and so had just got some uh uh clothes hung up on the line the wind came along and
185:  Blew them off
Interviewer:  And you say the wind begins to
185:  Blow
Interviewer:  And it's
185:  Blown
Interviewer:  Have you ever had any uh bad winds around Ocilla
185:  Yes Yes we had some this summer There were Probably some High tornadoes going over
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  Um one night I thought some jets were flying over {NW} And um Daddy said no It sounded like a freight train going through {NW} But there's no freight train that {NW} And um The roof Got blown the roof's got blown off two barns And Some trees were uprooted On down in another section of the county
Interviewer:  I hate those I had nightmares about them I never seen one don't want to see one
185:  Well I'm I'm glad that it {NW} That it was dark
Interviewer:  Yeah really say uh if the wind is is coming from that direction you say it's coming from the
185:  East
Interviewer:  And that's the
185:  West The north And the south
Interviewer:  And between that that would be the
185:  The northeast The northwest Southwest Southeast
Interviewer:  Say uh if it's not raining very hard just you know barely raining at all just a few drops you say you're having a
185:  A sprinkle a shower
Interviewer:  Heard anybody say drizzle drizzling
185:  Mm-hmm Drizzle is is not Drizzle is more than a few Well the reason I said a sprinkle and a shower because you said we just had a few drops
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  A drizzle I think of as a light rain
Interviewer:  I see
185:  Somewhat steady
Interviewer:  Ever heard anybody say it's misting outside
185:  Yes
Interviewer:  Where where would that
185:  Misting {NW} Um Misting are very fine
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  Very very fine drops not enough to be a drizzle And not a sprinkle where you have bigger drops
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  Just Fine drops you have to run your windshield wipers and It's just very fine drops
Interviewer:  What do you call you know very low hanging clouds you say you got outside you could hardly see through the you having to drive through the
185:  Through the clouds
Interviewer:  Or the
185:  The fog Um
Interviewer:  What kind of day would that be
185:  It'd be a foggy day
Interviewer:  And say if you've gone two or three weeks without rain you'd say you're having a little
185:  A dry spell
Interviewer:  And worse than that would be
185:  A drought
Interviewer:  About how long would it have to be before it became a drought
185:  Um I think we had about Four months of it this summer
Interviewer:  Say if uh if the wind has been very gentle but it's gradually getting stronger
185:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  You'd say the wind's doing what
185:  It's it's picking up
Interviewer:  And if it's just the opposite
185:  It's it's dying down
Interviewer:  Or if you you know get out in the morning in fall and you go outdoors and it's just the kind of weather you'd like to be out in you say it's really it's
185:  It's Nice it's pleasant
Interviewer:  You ever heard anybody say something like uh uh it's kind of brisk out here or it's kind of airish or something like that you ever heard any of those
185:  {NW} I've heard brisk but I think it's been since I've gotten to school
Interviewer:  Yeah I see meaning about the same thing I was talking about
185:  Um
Interviewer:  {X}
185:  Brisk is a little chillier
Interviewer:  Or say if you go out in the morning this light covering white on the ground
185:  Frost
Interviewer:  Can you have one that's pretty severe
185:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Any particular name
185:  Um It'd be It'd be a heavy frost or a killing frost
Interviewer:  I see or you might say that it got so cold last night that the lake
185:  Froze
Interviewer:  And that verb it begins to
185:  Freeze
Interviewer:  And it has
185:  Frozen {NS} What what we what we say a lot of times at home Instead of brisk {NW} When it's Cooler Than pleasant
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
185:  Is it's right nippy out
Interviewer:  Nippy
185:  #1 Yeah #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah # Yeah or say just for pronunciation uh would you just count for me slowly from one to twenty
185:  Okay One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Ten Eleven Twelve Thirteen Fourteen {NS} Fifteen Sixteen Seventeen Eighteen Nineteen Twenty
Interviewer:  And the number after twenty-six is
185:  Twenty-seven
Interviewer:  And after twenty-nine is
185:  Thirty
Interviewer:  And after thirty-nine
185:  Forty
Interviewer:  And after sixty-nine
185:  Seventy
Interviewer:  And after ninety-nine
185:  One hundred
Interviewer:  And after nine hundred ninety-nine
185:  A thousand
Interviewer:  And ten times one hundred thousand is one
185:  Million
Interviewer:  Say uh the day that the bills are due that's usually the
185:  The first of the month
Interviewer:  And after the first comes the
185:  The second Third The fourth The fifth The sixth The seventh The eighth The ninth The tenth
Interviewer:  And this expression you might have heard somebody say it seems that your good luck comes just a little bit at a time but it seems that your bad luck comes
185:  A lot at the time
Interviewer:  Or all
185:  All the time All at once
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and say a farmer got twenty bushels to the acre last year this year he gets forty bushels so he says that this year's crop is
185:  Twice as good
Interviewer:  And the months of the year
185:  January
Interviewer:  And then
185:  February March April May June July August September October November And December
Interviewer:  And the days of the week
185:  Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
Interviewer:  Have you ever uh heard Sunday called anything else besides just Sunday
185:  We jokingly refer to it as the Sabbath
Interviewer:  The Sabbath why do you say jokingly
185:  Um Well we weren't too religious in my house
Interviewer:  Oh I see
185:  Um that and um It's sort of an old term We just always have
Interviewer:  Yeah okay and say uh you know receiving something with your ears you say you
185:  Hear
Interviewer:  And yesterday you
185:  I heard
Interviewer:  And I've
185:  And I've heard
Interviewer:  Any other old stories you want to tell me for the record
185:  I can't think of any other old stories right now
Interviewer:  Okay appreciate it
185:  You're quite welcome {NS}