Interviewer:  {NS} {X} for a second, and I'll just talk into the microphone without hearing and I'll see {NS} works.
Interviewer:  Okay, let's see the date is uh the nineteenth of November 1977. The interviewer is Frederick {B} {NS} I'm speaking with the informant uh Mr. XL {B} uh is that your what's your whole name?
255:  Xavier Lopez {B}
Interviewer:  How do you spell your first name?
255:  X-A-V-I-E-R.
Interviewer:  X-A-V-I-E-R. Lopez, L-O-P?
255:  E-Z.
Interviewer:  E-Z. And {B} is spelled {B} Uh-huh. Uh, and this is Saint John's Cou- uh, County.
255:  Yes. {NS}
Interviewer:  And the state is Florida. {NS} Let's see, your address here is {B}
255:  That's right. {NS}
Interviewer:  And the community is Saint Augustine.
255:  Yes.
Interviewer:  {X} Uh {NS} Uh let's see, your birthplace, sir? Saint Augustine. {NS} Let's see- oh, and your age?
255:  February the- I was born February the eighth, nineteen hundred. {NS} Next February I will be seventy-eight. {NS}
Interviewer:  Hmm. {NS} Oh, and your occupation?
255:  I'm a retired banker. {NS} Retired in sixty-seven. {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Um and your religion?
255:  Catholic. {NS}
Interviewer:  Um now, we're interested in finding out your education and all, what's your background in your education? {NS}
255:  I have very little education. {NS} I {NS} went to the Catholic schools. {NS} Saint Joseph's Academy. {NS} And I finished the ninth grade, {NS} and which was in nineteen fifteen. And during the course of that year, my father died suddenly. {NS} And I was not able to continue in school. {NS} I {NS} went out to work {NS} and attended night school for two years following. {NS} uh taking uh various business courses. {NS} I never attempted to continue the equivalent of a high school education, so I was not I'm not {NS} technically {NS} a high school graduate. {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay, very good. Um {NS} we'd uh, also like to point out uh, your social contacts what do you do and and what is your social life mostly made up of?
255:  Well, uh {NS} {NW} first I went with the Saint Augustine national bank. {NS}
Interviewer:  #1 Beg your pardon? #
255:  #2 And I # I I I we- I helped organize the Saint Augustine National Bank in nineteen nineteen. I went to work there when it opened, August fifteenth nineteen nineteen. {NS} {NS} And I continued in that bank for forty-seven years, {NS} before retirement as senior vice president. {NS} I'm uh was a member of many of these civic organizations, helped organize the exchange club {NS} in the early twenties. I later became a rotary member of the rotary club in nineteen thirty-four. {NS} I've long been an active member, officer, and president of the Saint Augustine Historical Society. {NS} I was president of rotary for two years, nineteen forty-two and nineteen forty-three. {NS} I was a member of a number of social clubs in Saint Augustine. {NS} {NS} That roughly is {NS} background. I attended {NS} uh Rutgers University for summer courses in banking in nineteen thirty-five and thirty-six. {NS} Rutgers University in New Jersey. Brunswick, New Jersey. {NS} As a member of the graduate school of banking, {NS} it {NS} which was originally organized in nineteen thirty-five, I was one of the first {NS} students to take advantage of the graduate school of banking, sponsored by the American Bankers Association. I was {NS} many connections statewide with the forestry. I owned uh Uh I gradually acquired rather large acreages of forestry. Forest lands during the #1 Depression. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
255:  And I was active I was uh a member of the board of directors, and president for two years of the Florida Forestry Association. I was a member of the State Board of Forestry, had been appointed by governor Holland. {NS} I was had I previously also been {NS} a member of the State Library Board, {NS} having resigned from that board in order to take {NS} the chairmanship of the f- uh Florida Board of Forestry. {NS} I was then elected a number uh {X} oh in the forties, late forties a a member of the board of directors of the American Forestry Association in Washington. {NS} I served two terms as director, and then I was elected honorary vice president of the {NS} American Forestry Association. {NS} Serving two two or three years in that capacity. {NS} I'm still a life member of the American Forestry Association. {NS} {NW} Well, there are many other things that go on, I don't recall particularly what to {NW} other thing- other things will occur to me a while Oh yes, I was {NS} I was connected with the Soil Conservation Society for Florida, and was chairman for two terms. State chairman for two terms. {NS} And was uh I got a number of awards {NS} I was awarded by governor Bryant, the Con- uh I received the Governor's Conservation Award in nineteen sixty-two. Um {NS} I was honored by Rollins College on a number of occasions, as I was serving uh with the uh s- uh s- the Spanish uh Institute uh of Florida. Uh as the director, and later as the president for the state. {NS} And then I received, in nineteen fifty-two I think it was, I received the Cervantes Award from Rollins College. {NS} Uh which I have in the on my in my bedroom. A #1 gol- #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
255:  gold medallion. And I later received a the George Morgan Award, which was one of the outstanding awards given by {NS} Rollins College. {NS} And during my time as honorary vice president of the American Forestry Association, I received the National Smokey Bear Award for fire prevention. I had been the uh head of the Fire Prevention in Florida for a number of years. And I was the the organizer of the Florida Keep Green Association as a part of a national Keep Green Assoc- Association in the United States, which is connected with the prevention of forest fires. {NS} I was responsible for {NS} having the our county and surrounding counties uh join the fire prevention uh council. And limi- and have eliminated uh done a great deal to eliminate forest fires in the S- in Saint John's County and in the north Florida area. It's the singular thing I {NS} that my my parents Minorcan parents were people who use had a lot of cattle. And they use the f- the free range in Florida, they would let their cattle range anywhere, even though they didn't own the land. And there was a practice then to burn the woods every year. {NS} And so, as an example in this a- in this county, seventy-five percent of the forest lands in this county have over three hundred and fifty thousand acres, would burn every year. They would set the fires uh along the boat in um February after the winter cool would kill the grasses, and burn the woods so that the cattle in the spring, in April, would be able to feed on the little succulent grasses that would come up. And that's how the cattle were fed.
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  And that was uh a general practice of the Minorcan people in this area, to all of whom many of whom had large cattle holding. And that's why they fe- that's how they sustained them. Rather than feeding them, uh they'd allow them to graze on other peoples' lands.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
255:  Um well there's many other things. I reckon now I can't particularly recall my statewide connections with uh uh but uh the predominating thing I guess in my l- my uh mature life was uh my contribution to forestry. Uh uh through uh as an example, the when I became chairman of the Florida Board of Forestry, we had one nursery uh possibly supplying oh five million pine seedlings to people over the state. And in recent years, that has grown to over a hundred million {NS} uh seedlings {X} in Florida. And um it was I I received a #1 a number #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
255:  of awards I've forgotten. And honors because of my contribution to uh f- in the various phases of forestry, particularly the prevention of forest fires.
Interviewer:  Hmm, that's very interesting. Oh one uh some other questions I was having uh wondering. Um {NW} {NS} yes your parents' birthplace, where was your mother born?
255:  My mother was born in Saint Augustine. My father was born in Saint Augustine. My mother was born in in nineteen uh eighteen sixty-nine, and my father was born in eighteen sixty-two.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
255:  #1 I #
Interviewer:  #2 Well and # your uh your parents' education? {NW}
255:  My parents uh my mother was a graduate of Saint Joseph's academy, uh high school education. My father had a very limited education, uh through the eighth grade. He was uh a man that uh was uh somewhat s- you'd call self-educated. As I claim to be myself. Uh he was for many many years the superintendent of the water works of the city here. A rather responsible position, {X} which he had the job when he died suddenly in 1915.
Interviewer:  Well wha- what did you say his occupation was, pardon me?
255:  Superintendent of the city water works. In the city. {NS}
Interviewer:  And uh your mother was a housewife?
255:  Housewife all of her life. As I said, she lived to be ninety-seven ninety-six years old.
Interviewer:  Wow. {NS}
255:  Uh mo- my father-in-law is now ninety-seven {NW} My mother was always eleven years older than my father-in-law, they knew each other well. And now um my father-in-law has outlived my mother. My mother was ninety-six when she died, and my father-in-law is still living and ninety-seven.
Interviewer:  {NW} That's amazing. Uh oh yeah, your maternal grandparents I was wondering.
255:  Uh let's see maternal #1 grandparents? {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah what're they're {X} #
255:  Now that's uh um uh Barbara {B} {C: name}
Interviewer:  Now this is your father's side?
255:  This is my father's mother.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
255:  #2 It was # Barbara {B} {C: name} Member of an old Minorcan family. And his father was Jose uh Jose {B} who was born in December eighteen twenty-five. He was a twin. Uh his twin brother, Anthony Domingo {B}, became the first Catholic bishop of San Antonio, Texas. {NS} #1 And that #
Interviewer:  #2 I was # um wondering where was- where is your father's father born?
255:  My father's father was b- born in Saint Augustine in December eighteen twenty-five. And he was a twin. His twin brother, Anthony Domingo, uh who was born of course the same time uh was ordained uh uh a Catholic priest and the Pope appointed him the first Catholic bishop of San Antonio, Texas. {NS}
Interviewer:  Wow.
255:  And in that capacity, he was the owner of the Alamo. Which is rather uh interesting and odd. {NW} And he sold the Alamo {NS} to the state of Texas. {NS}
Interviewer:  That's interesting. That's amazing. Oh, your father's father was born- I mean, was born here. Uh where was your father's mother born?
255:  My father's mother was born in Saint Augustine. She was a {B}. Her her father was a Domingo {B}. He was a local native person here of Minorcan extraction.
Interviewer:  And uh your father's mother's education, how far do you think it-
255:  Uh very little, I'm sure. I don't know. I'm sure it was very little. You see, my y- my father's you see my father's father, see he was born in eighteen twenty-five and it was only limited educational facilities here at that time.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And her occupation was a housewife?
255:  I'm sure it was, I I my father's father owned cattle. He was a cattleman.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh your father's father, what- how far did his education go do you-
255:  Very limited, I'm sure. I don't know.
Interviewer:  And uh his occupation, did you say?
255:  I'm sure it was a cattleman is what I'm pretty sure. Farmer, cattleman. He lived uh just outside the city limits on a farm area.
Interviewer:  Now, how far- you were telling me about your- your ancestry, how far back it went. Uh
255:  Well, I don't know on my father's side. {NW} You see, uh uh my father's grandfather well, I was just told he was born the noon of December eighteen twenty-five as a twin. His father was Fransisco {B} the second. {NW} And {NS} his then- then F- then Fransisco {B} the first, which was his- his father, and my great-grandfather, was the Fransisco {B} who came from New Smyrna and led the Minorcans to Saint Augustine. He was married twice. His first wife he had four children by his first wife. {NW} And uh then he was married a second time and he had nine children. And that second marriage, my great-grandfather was Fransis- Fransisco the second, and one of those nine children. So my, my the- on my Pellicer side it goes back uh to the original in- individual who came here that Fransisco {B} first, who was born in Alayor, Minorca. A-L-A-Y-O-R. And he came with the original Turnbull colony to settle in New Smyrna as one of the members of that colony. {NW} Now I have his background on my- on my chart. I believe it goes back to fifteen hundred and uh in Min- Minorca and then Spain. I know his father and his father's father. And if they wish to have that, I can give you a copy of it. {NS} {NW}
Interviewer:  Yes, I think well, I'll possibly. One thing I forgot to ask #1 you about, #
255:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  your mother's mother, uh where was she born?
255:  Well, my mother's mother was a {B}. {B} A French lady.
Interviewer:  Uh, she was born in France, huh?
255:  She was- well no, no.
Interviewer:  {X}
255:  My mother's mother, which would be my grandmother, was born in Saint Augustine. But her mother and father, my great-grandfather on my mother's side was born in France. Both of 'em were born in France. They came to this country and landed in Charleston, and eventually came to Saint Augustine and met and married. {NS} And she was a {B}. She was a {B}.
Interviewer:  Is that the same as a {B} {X}?
255:  Just about spelling the same. I guess it was a French name, I understand. {B} And she married {B} who was also French. And then they uh were married in Saint Augustine, {NW} and then, course my grandmother on my mother's side was one of their children.
Interviewer:  Um do you happen to know their education?
255:  I'm- uh I I don't know, but I'm pretty sure, quite sure, that my gran- my uh great-grandmother who was a {B} must've been quite well-educated. Because she was uh one of the leading
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  {NS} uh women in Saint Augustine during the Civil War {NS} on the southern side. And she was uh uh because of her French connection, she was uh in a special category, and when the Union soldiers came here, they respected her greatly. They they didn't touch her her land or her house- household affairs or or bother her in any way. Because she {NS} uh appe- was o- was on the protection of Fra- France. {NS} And {NS} her she was uh she operated the boarding house here. And uh uh from all accounts, from what I've heard, she must've been a rather well-educated woman. I don't know {NS} what her education was. {NS}
Interviewer:  That's amazing. Uh so and then your your mother's mother, uh she was somewhat educated or very well or?
255:  Uh my mother's mother, I don't know what her education was, but it was very probably uh the local schools here. She was born and raised here, she went to the Catholic school. And I know no reason why she would not have graduated from high school. I don't know, but certainly not beyond that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And her occupation was uh
255:  I have no idea, except that she was a housewife.
Interviewer:  And uh, let me see. {NW} How did they cover all these? Um you have to bear with me.
255:  {X}
Interviewer:  Um your mother's father.
255:  All right. His name was Justo {NS} {B} J-U-S-T-O.
Interviewer:  And uh he was born in Saint Augustine?
255:  Uh he was born in Saint Augustine.
Interviewer:  And uh his education was about?
255:  I'm sure it was limited because I knew him personally, and as I re- regarding he didn't, he was a very practical man, but he uh he didn't appear as a young now he died when I was twenty. Cuz I {X} put while I was already working in the bank when he died. He died in this as a matter of fact, he died in my arms. And uh he was uh I- I was close to him, but he did not have the appearance of a very well-educated man. Although he was very practical. Or he would uh so interested in astronomy and the stars and oh would uh enj- enjoy predicting the weather. {NS} And uh uh talked very intelligently, but uh I- I don't believe he was he uh if he got a high school education, it would certainly not be more than that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. That's interesting uh {NS} and his occupation?
255:  Uh he was a farmer. {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Farmer.
255:  He was a farmer in all of my young life, and so he must've been a farmer earlier than that. He had a- uh there was what they call the {X} he owned the old ferry place, which was across the river. Which is now the San Lorenzo Cemetery, the Catholic cemetery. He sold that part of his land to the Catholic church for a cemetery in eighteen eighty-two. {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. That's interesting. eighteen eighty-two. Uh let's see, oh and {NW} your spouse, your wife. Uh, her age y- you happen to recall?
255:  She was born in nineteen eight, she's uh s- uh she's sixty-nine years old, her birthday's the twenty-fourth of January. Next January she will be seventy. {NS}
Interviewer:  She's a Roman Catholic?
255:  She's a Roman Catholic. Born in Louisville, Kentucky.
Interviewer:  And uh her education, how far does that go?
255:  Uh she uh graduated from the Saint Joseph's Academy here, and went to uh uh Kentucky uh to uh oh {X} a college I {X} skips me right now. It's in uh Bartstown, Kentucky. A Catholic college there, run by the sisters. {NW} {X} I I can't remember the name of the college, and she's not here now.
Interviewer:  M- does she belong to any social organizations?
255:  In Saint Augustine, my wife?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  Yes, she belongs to many social organizations here. Many of the Catholic organizations. But she's a member of the Women's Exchange. Which is very prominent uh service social organization. She's a member of the Flagler Auxiliary. Flagler Hospital Auxiliary. She's been head of a number of uh Catholic social- Catholic service groups, which are serving the cathedral here in the way of the Altar Guild a lot particularly. She was chairman of the Altar Guild for a number of years.
Interviewer:  Let's see, uh {NS} are there any prominent things in the community that you could uh happen to think of off hand, any festivals or anything like that? Anything particular about this community that sets it off, apart from another #1 community? #
255:  #2 Why yes # there's been many things. That's exactly one of th- the big things that I participated in and my wife participated in also was what they call the Ponce de Leon Celebration. It was usually held in April of each year, and went back to just after the turn of the century. I participated in the nineteen seven as a young Indian boy. And again in oh uh, it did happen but every two three years. I know in 1927 I was uh then twenty-seven years old, and I was chairman of the finance committee for the Ponce de Leon Celebration of that year. And my wife was one of the uh on several occasions, the ladies in wai- member of a lady they would elect a queen. And then she would select ladies in waiting, and my wife participated in those celebrations on two occasions that I remember as members of the queen's court. I also, the- the- they would elect a Pon- someone to represent Ponce de Leon, and someone to represent Menendez. It was the fountain of the city. And then they would have their court, and also ride horseback. I was a member of several of those courts different years. And we'd dress in costume and ride horseback.
Interviewer:  Hmm. Amazing. Okay. Oh one thing I'd like to also have you do, uh I don't know if if you're {NW} if you'd like do it or I do it, you could explain it to me, but it's better if you could. Uh have a sketch your house, this is just sort of like uh it's sort of a sociological thing that we're doing. Just to understand where you live because the people from {X} can't really uh
255:  It would be better #1 to give you a #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: page on} #
255:  picture of the house, I would think, I #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Well, I'd # really just need like a floor plan, you know.
255:  All right, we can do that, but I don't want to do that right now.
Interviewer:  Okay, we'll do that later.
255:  Um
Interviewer:  Okay. #1 Uh #
255:  #2 Uh # let me tell you a little something else about my my wife that uh should be contained in this information, I'm sure, because it's rather unusual. Um her family came to Saint Augustine in nineteen seventeen, and her father was connected with the Florida East Coast Railway, he di- and up to the time he retired in nineteen seventy he was a chief finance officer of the Florida East Coast Railway. And he had his they had five children, and two of Catherine's brothers are Jesuit priests. {NS}
Interviewer:  Hmm.
255:  One is a missionary in Belize, which is u- used to be British Honduras, and now is Belize. And the other is a a teacher at u- at Saint Louis University. Uh they have been in the order more than t- twenty-five years now.
Interviewer:  Hmm. That's amazing. That's good. Well that, I think that would be use- pretty much tha- oh and um okay, well then we'll probably get right down to the questions. And I'll just ask you a few different questions, and you can just respond to to whatever you're used to. And uh {NS} it's- they're very, they're very simple little questions here. {NS} Uh {NS} let's see. {NS} to get this little sheet of paper out {NS} {NW} {NS} Okay uh {NS} {NS} now um do you- what would you have um a different name for a similar thing at a factory that, well I mean for a {NS} there was a- a thing where smoke goes up. {NW}
255:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  You know? In a factory, you have these things sometimes, and at homes you have them.
255:  {NW} Oh uh {X} well they called it plant. I've heard a thing called a plant many times. Uh a laundry plant or uh uh uh
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  {X} That's an expression that's been used #1 many #
Interviewer:  #2 What's #
255:  times.
Interviewer:  what's also- what's the name of the uh the structure where smoke goes up?
255:  Smokestack. {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  Or chimney.
Interviewer:  Great. Um {NW} now, um the open place on the floor in front of a- um fireplace, what would you call?
255:  Hearth.
Interviewer:  Yeah. That's what I'm trying to- do you happen to know of any
255:  Hearth or hearth. Hearth, I guess.
Interviewer:  Well, where'd you hear the name hearth from, sir?
255:  Well, I've heard of it many times {X} have it referred to as a hearth in front of a fireplace. And I would think perhaps it should be a hearth.
Interviewer:  Well, it could be pronounced either way #1 {D: and we best} #
255:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  interested in how you
255:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  in what you heard. Um {NS} now there's- in the fireplace there are things that you lay the wood across.
255:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  What do you call those?
255:  Andirons.
Interviewer:  Um what would you call the place above the fireplace, where you might uh put an ornament or a picture? Like that?
255:  Mantle. {NS}
Interviewer:  Um the big, round piece of wood with bark on it that you would burn in the fireplace?
255:  Oh well, fire log or log.
Interviewer:  What would you call the kind of wood that you would use to start a fire?
255:  Kindling.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of it- any use- uh by any other names? Minorcan names?
255:  Uh {NS} Lighter knots. That's unusual.
Interviewer:  Lighter knots?
255:  Lighter knots. And that's uh something you pick up in the woods that has uh a concentration of turpentine in it and burns very quickly. And they call lighter knots.
Interviewer:  Wow. Is that Minorcan or is that?
255:  Well I- it could be, because I've heard it in my childhood days many times, and I've never heard it outside of Saint Augustine. But you would, you'd hear that expression not much now, but many times you'll uh well I'm going to uh- the woods to pick up some lighter knots.
Interviewer:  {NW} Amazing. {NS}
255:  And I would think {X} you'd spell L-I-G-H-T-E-R K-N-O-T-S, I imagine. {NW}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  Lighter knots.
Interviewer:  Uh did you ever hear it referred to as chippling? Or anything like that?
255:  What?
Interviewer:  Chippling?
255:  Chippling?
Interviewer:  Yeah. Someone else referred to that as
255:  #1 chippling. #
Interviewer:  #2 Chippling. #
255:  Chippling. No.
Interviewer:  Okay.
255:  No.
Interviewer:  Um {NW} what would you call the black stuff that the smoke might leave in the chimney?
255:  Smut. Soot or soot. I'd say s- the expression I've heard it called soot. Spelled S double O T. Soot.
Interviewer:  That's good. Um there was uh, let's say if there was a fire and {NS} uh everything burned down, what would be left?
255:  Debris.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And uh what's also left after you burn wood?
255:  Charred remains is what or {NS}
Interviewer:  Well
255:  #1 I've heard the #
Interviewer:  #2 something #
255:  expression, but I can't #1 recall {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah, it's sort of like # fine dust.
255:  Yeah, I've heard the expression. Uh, what that would be but Oh I can't think right now.
Interviewer:  Okay. Oh, for the tape, I mentioned this before. What am I sitting in?
255:  {NW} You're sitting in a a very comfortable uh chair made of bamboo and with ample cushions. {NS}
Interviewer:  {NW} It is very comfortable. Um what do you call the long piece of furniture that uh uh there's several names I what do you call the long piece of furniture that went with a horsehair set in the- in the best parlor? {NS}
255:  Sofa.
Interviewer:  That's good. Uh {NS} What other type what other types of things were similar to that? {NS}
255:  There are other names I've heard, but I can't recall now. Uh {NS}
Interviewer:  That's okay. {NS} Uh the piece of furniture in your bedroom that has drawers in it, and that you put clothes in?
255:  Uh chest of drawers is what uh you'd refer to it uh or to be rather expressive.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Did you ever hear of any um of an old-fashioned piece with any other names?
255:  Yes, let's see. {NS} Oh dear. {NS} I don't know. I can't recall.
Interviewer:  How about um a bureau or a chiffonier?
255:  Bureau, many tim- oh yes bureau, that's a very common name, bureau.
Interviewer:  Or a dresser?
255:  Dresser, exactly. I've heard those, too.
Interviewer:  Uh chiffonier? #1 Or chiffo- #
255:  #2 Chiffo- exactly # I've heard that.
Interviewer:  Chifforobe?
255:  Chifforobe, yes, I've heard that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh the thing I was talking about earlier, the types of things that you would have in the parlor with a long piece of furniture,
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  do you ever hear of it referred to as a lounge?
255:  Oh yes.
Interviewer:  A couch?
255:  A couch, oh yes. Certainly a couch, yes.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. A Chesterfield or Davenport? {NS}
255:  Well that would be more or less expressing the type of
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  the type of thing it was. Davenport, I would think. Uh I know you would not ordinarily call a sofa or {NS} uh a Davenport unless it was made by some in some special way, I would think.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
255:  #2 I don't know. #
Interviewer:  And it uh Chesterfield?
255:  Same thing would apply to that I- I don't know how that would be
Interviewer:  Uh the room where you sleep in is called?
255:  Bedroom.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} Um the okay, what would you call these uh chairs and tables {NS} and sofa w- what name would you call these, all these things here?
255:  Furniture. {NS}
Interviewer:  Um
255:  Furnishings. Furniture, that'd be more expressive.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} The thing hanging at the window uh to keep out the light, {X} Yo- you sort of pull it down, you know. You'd say I better #1 {X} #
255:  #2 Shade. # Window shade. {NS}
Interviewer:  Great. A little room off the bedroom, uh to hang up your clothes in?
255:  Alcove. {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Um there- you happen to know of any other names, you know or little place you open up a door and you hang your clothes in there and Yeah.
255:  Yes I have {X}. It's uh a walk-in closet. {NS} Or if it has a door, but if it's an alcove, just a little alcove without a door, a closet would be a place where you would shut the door, be able to shut the door.
Interviewer:  Uh if you didn't have a a built-in closet, what would what might you have? {NS}
255:  I know what you're referring to, but I uh I can't recall the name for it right now.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a- a wardrobe?
255:  Exactly, yes. That's exactly what I was thinking of.
Interviewer:  Uh I heard they used to have those, that was the first type of uh closets they had down here.
255:  #1 I guess so. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
255:  You see, they would not that would be like a corner, in the corner of a room {D: light}. You'd have a an arrangement that'd be a wardrobe. {NS} It would be to keep the dust off the clothes, and then close the be able to close it up somewhat.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. They also call it a- a wardroom or a clothespress or a press or a
255:  No, I wouldn't think so, but
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {D: Amore- um} {D: Armoire.} {NW}
255:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: Armoire.} # Um room at the top of the house, uh just under the roof what would you #1 #
255:  #2 Attic. #
Interviewer:  Uh the room that you would cook in?
255:  Kitche- Kitchen.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Now, they used to have ones that were removed from the houses
255:  Detached kitchen, we had one when I was young.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. You ever hear that referred to as a porch or a cookhouse?
255:  Well, uh I've heard it uh referr- uh uh we you have a porch like a my house where I lived as a very young person on {X} Street, you went out of the main house onto a porch and then into the detached kitchen.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} You ever hear of it called as a kitchen house or a stove room?
255:  I've heard uh cookhouse, but that'd be more like you'd find that in the woods, like uh uh I mean uh farm place, not in a in a city. Although many city houses when I was young had detached kitchens. Course as I understand, the #1 detached #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
255:  kitchen was in case there was a kitchen was uh would more easily be considered a fire hazard and the- they'd try to have it away from the house. I understand to save the house, in the event it caught fire, you could might put it out.
Interviewer:  {X} What do you call the little room off the kitchen where you store canned goods and extra dishes?
255:  {NW} {NS} We had one of course there's two in the kitchen
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of it called a buttery or a pantry or?
255:  Pantry. {X} Sure, kitchen pantry.
Interviewer:  #1 Or a kitchen closet? #
255:  #2 {D: That'd be very} #
Interviewer:  #1 Or say #
255:  #2 Kitchen # closet or kitchen pantry would be very descriptive.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. A safe?
255:  Hmm?
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear it referred to as a safe?
255:  Oh yes but that would be something entirely different. We had we had a safe, when I was young. Uh it would be a piece of furniture, it would have closed doors, you'd keep the the uh chinaware and the silver and all in the safe, sure.
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  We had one. Kitchen safe. {NW}
Interviewer:  Um what do you call a lot of old, worthless things that you have, about to throw away? {NS} You know, that you have around that you're just about to throw away.
255:  Well, you don't mean the rubbish, that would be that would be uh sort of uh not very good. You could have old clothes, that'd be uh oh I don't know another uh name for that would be but be- be a little bit above rubbish, I would think.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} That's good. You were looking for all the terms, #1 as many #
255:  #2 Yeah #
Interviewer:  you can think of. Uh what would you call a room that is used to store odds and ends in?
255:  Side room. {NS} It's in the side room. That's an expression I've heard. {NS} Put it in the side room.
Interviewer:  That's good. Um {NW} Now what would you uh be doing if you were sweeping the floor? Or let's say like if every day yo- you were working and you're {NS} uh {NS} doing some daily housework, or a woman might be doing it and you would say, uh you know, every morning get up and you
255:  #1 Cle- #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
255:  Clean the kitchen.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
255:  Clean the dining room. {NS} Or sweep the dining room or sweep the kitchen. {NS}
Interviewer:  And, like if you did it around the whole house, like you know get up in the morning and straighten everything and
255:  Do the housework. {NS} Are you going to do the housework this morning? And my wife would say, I do housework every morning. {NW}
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear it referred to as uh tidying up or?
255:  Yes, that's an expression I've heard but I I wouldn't be using that very much, I don't think, tidying up. Tidy- Tidy up the front room, we have some company coming. that's- that's true.
Interviewer:  Or you ever hear other words uh for the expression {D: reds up or rids up}
255:  No. No.
Interviewer:  Okay. What would you uh sweep with?
255:  A broom.
Interviewer:  If the broom is in the corner, and the door is open, you would say the broom is where, compared to the door?
255:  Hanging in the closet.
Interviewer:  Now, let's say if this- this room was let's say if that door over there uh were open, and it had a broom in back of there.
255:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And the door were just opened
255:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
255:  They have a broom closet.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Right.
255:  Then they'd be in the broom closet.
Interviewer:  But if I put a- if I put a broom on that wall there, and I open up the door, where would the broom be? Or let's #1 say if I {X} #
255:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Beg your pardon?
255:  Back of the door, I imagine, but I don't
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  that would be uh just an unusual arrangement.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  {D: But I don't know what} #1 it is. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # Uh years ago on Monday, women um usually did their? What would they usually do? {NS} On Monday. {NS}
255:  {X} {NS} Monday is cleaning day.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And wha- what type of
255:  Or wash day. In olden times.
Interviewer:  And uh right {X} that's exactly what we're looking for. On Tuesday what would she do? Usually. After she
255:  Well in olden days when I was a young child, Monday was the wash day. Maybe Tuesday was ironing day. That's- I know that happened in my house.
Interviewer:  What might you call um {NW} both washing and ironing together? {NS} The whole process.
255:  Washing. Doing my washing. Was that w- it may not include ironing.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. The place in town where a bachelor uh might have his shirts done?
255:  Laundry.
Interviewer:  How do you get from the first floor of a house to the second floor of a two-story house? {NS}
255:  Go upstairs.
Interviewer:  Uh would you use any different terms for those inside the house and those outside?
255:  You mean if steps are on the outside?
Interviewer:  Yeah. {D: Theirs goes up the outside}
255:  I've never had occasion that that was never in my setup.
Interviewer:  What is a porch outside the {NW} #1 {X} #
255:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Oh be- beg your pardon?
255:  Piazza.
Interviewer:  And you had a #1 {X} #
255:  #2 Well # I'm gonna sit out on the piazza.
Interviewer:  What would you call a little porch, just uh just over a door, something like that, you know that's on second story or something like that?
255:  {X} There's uh there's many houses have wido- widow's walk widow walk.
Interviewer:  Where's a widow's walk?
255:  Uh widow's walk, is that what house in New England they had houses with uh uh uh wi- that came out in a little {NW} {X} and they wait facing the sea and but if they came out on the widow's walk looking for her lost husband.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Did they ever have any around in Saint Augustine here that you'd happen to know?
255:  What? Wi- #1 Widow's walk #
Interviewer:  #2 Widow's walk #
255:  Y- yes, they had a few. I saw a few as I recall now, on {X} Avenue. I don't think that any exist now. Maybe one or two in town. {D: But there isn't many of them here}
Interviewer:  Did- had you ever hear of a place, let's say if you had a two-story house, and it came directly out from the two-story house. You know. Like if yo- if you had a door, and you could open it up and just walk right out on it.
255:  Yeah. Um well, that's just porch. That's what we call it. Upstairs porch. {NS}
Interviewer:  Oh, can you have a porch on more than one floor?
255:  Yeah, you have an upstairs porch and a downstairs porch. {NS}
Interviewer:  If the door is uh is open and you don't want it that way, you would tell someone to uh do what with the door?
255:  Close the door. Sh- Shut the door. Either one.
Interviewer:  What would you call the boards on the outside of a house that overlap each other?
255:  Clapboards.
Interviewer:  I see you have a- a few of them here.
255:  That's uh uh that's not uh those are that type of construction's called uh {NS} or French lat- I don't know. I don't know what that- I forgot. But that's many houses were built that way, that's built of fourteen inch cyprus. {X} {NS} {NS} Very few houses are built of fourteen inch cyprus.
Interviewer:  Hmm. And that is that's that- #1 {X} #
255:  #2 {X} # of Cyprus. Oh
Interviewer:  Wow. Let's see, if uh, if you were doing some carpeting, {X} if you were doing some carpentry, uh nailing in a board somewhere, you would say, I took a hammer and I? {NS}
255:  Drove a nail or I drove a nail is certainly the the expression. I nailed it up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Okay, uh and if you wanted to take that nail and it didn't get far enough in, you know, and you're hammering at it, and it got to be uh and then you would say, you might say, it's got to be what further?
255:  Uh you mean, you wanted to pull it out?
Interviewer:  No, if- if it's not just if it's not in further, and you have to you have to #1 take something #
255:  #2 All right. #
Interviewer:  to make it go in further,
255:  I'd nail it ti- uh nail it tight. I've heard that expression many times, nail it tight.
Interviewer:  What would you call uh the little things along the edge of the roof that carry off water? You know if you, #1 {D: wanted to} #
255:  #2 Gutters. #
Interviewer:  What was that name for it?
255:  Gutter.
Interviewer:  Oh. {NS} What would you call a little building that is used for storing wood and tools?
255:  Toolshed. Woodshed. Either one.
Interviewer:  What do you call um
255:  We used to have an outhouse. When I was young. #1 It was #
Interviewer:  #2 That was # my next question. {NW} That's great. Do you know any joking words you have for that?
255:  Oh many, but they're Let's say I don't {X} offensive, repeating.
Interviewer:  Well, it's okay. It's- it's quite all right.
255:  Well I think {X} an outhouse is the main thing and
Interviewer:  If you had troubles and were telling me about them, you might say, well, um blank troubles, too. You know, like if you were telling me, uh if you had a lot of problems and troubles, and well, let's see i- no yeah if you were telling me you were having {NS} let's see if y-
255:  Pain #1 and illnesses you #
Interviewer:  #2 wait no #
255:  mean? I don't know #1 what it is. #
Interviewer:  #2 If uh #
255:  problems
Interviewer:  Well, if you had a bunch of troubles and you were telling me about them, you might say uh like you fill in the blank in the sentence here. Well, blank troubles, too. Well, you know. Blank troubles, too.
255:  I can recall {NS} a many a person in this town who have all sorts of statements to fill in that thing.
Interviewer:  #1 Well, we're just looking #
255:  #2 I don't know #
Interviewer:  for like an expression #1 or {X} #
255:  #2 Yeah I'm just I'm # trying to think of an expression that someone would use. I would say, and I have many other troubles. But {NS} uh I- I wouldn't I- I'm not able to respond to that. I don't know. {NS} {NS} {NS} {NS}
Interviewer:  Oh, let's see. Did you- here's another one of those, you know, fill-in-the-blank type things. Did you ever uh blank that noise? Like if there was a noise I would say, you know uh or you might say, did you ever uh blank that noise if it occurred. {NS} {X} There's a natural-
255:  Of course, the natural thing that I would say, did you ever he- did you ever hear that #1 noise is what #
Interviewer:  #2 Right, right. #
255:  But uh, I would may use different expression. {NS}
Interviewer:  And if I ask you uh let's see if I ask you if you know a person, you might say, no, but I blank of him.
255:  Heard of him.
Interviewer:  Right. {NS}
255:  Oh but I've heard of him, that'd be a common expression, yeah.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} If a friend came back to town, and another friend, had been visiting him, you might a- you might be asked, haven't you seen him yet? And you might say, no I {NS}
255:  Read that again, let's #1 see {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay if- if # a friend came back to town and another friend had been visiting with him you might say, haven't you seen him yet? And you might say, no I
255:  have- I haven't run into him.
Interviewer:  Right. {NS}
255:  No, I haven't run into him. {NS} And then you might say, {NW} then you might be asked, hasn't your brother seen him yet? And you might answer, no {NS} like you know, if- if I went up to you and said hasn't your brother seen him yet? And then you might say, no, {NS} I something else after that. Well I might would might say if it's somebody that you might not want to see, n- no, he hasn't been around. Uh because if you'd be seeking, it'd be a different thing. But if he ha- he's coming to town, would he come to see you, no, he hasn't been around. That would be said when the chances are he won't be around, either. Because they're not too close.
Interviewer:  That's good. {NS} Oh if something you do every day uh do you do it frequenc- uh if something that you- that you do every day, do you do it frequently? And then you might say, yes, I? Let's say like uh if you were out in the garden and working out there or something like that. And I would say, uh and you'd completed your work and I'll say, uh then I would say um have you- or have you finished with the work? And then you'd say- what would you might say? I have? {NS}
255:  That's my yes, that's my daily job. That would be an answer #1 to that question. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  Uh {NS} if you were performing an action, uh {NS} see w- if you're working out in the, let's see {NS} let's see, we're looking in here for a word. {NS} I think we've already covered that {X} {NS} Okay, if I go up to you and y- and I ask you does your brother like ice cream? And then you might reply, yes, he? {NS}
255:  Well, that could be answered a number of ways. Yes, he devours it. But that would be {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay, well let's say if I ask you another question. Uh, or I say something like you don't smoke cigars, but he? {NS} A f- form of uh do. {NS} And here {NS} form of verb to do.
255:  He's a chain-smoker.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
255:  Which is the case. I don't smoke, but my brother does.
Interviewer:  {NW} Yeah.
255:  It's ca- and it's causing serious trouble, too. {NS}
Interviewer:  If a man lets his farm get all run down and doesn't care, you might say to someone who asks, I really don't know, but he just blank to care.
255:  Too damn lazy to care. {NS} {NW}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Or you might say uh {NS} if you can give him his choice, he will tell you that he blank which one you give him? {NS}
255:  Read that again.
Interviewer:  If you can give him his choice, but he will tell you he blank which one you give him? {NS} That doesn't sound {NS} okay I'll- I'll give you another uh example. If your son is in school, but pays no attention to the teacher, you might think that he just blank to care? {NS} Or just blank care? Like if your son's in school and he doesn't #1 pay attention #
255:  #2 Well, uh # I would hate to say too dumb to care, or just too lazy to care.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NS}
255:  Doesn't doesn't {X} care, doesn't
Interviewer:  Or, you know, you just blank he just
255:  #1 Too lazy. #
Interviewer:  #2 Like you # might say he just blank care.
255:  Just too lazy to care.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
255:  Or is too dumb to care. {NS} I'd hate to think my son was #1 was too #
Interviewer:  #2 Let's say # if we would say uh your son probably isn't that way.
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  It's just a, you know.
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  I realize that.
Interviewer:  {X} {NS} Uh if you don't think uh if you don't think so, {X} {NS} Oh wait a minute do you, right {X} {NS} do you know of any other words for uh do you?
255:  Do I know of any other words for the expression do you?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
255:  Would you. {NS} I really don't know, I don't- I don't use that expression.
Interviewer:  Yeah {X} {NS} Let's switch to the {X} {NS} If you had been discussing with a friend of yours what you might do with him, {NS} uh you would say I {NS} like if you were saying, like if you had been discussing with a friend of yours like, oh I'm going to go out fishing with that person. Uh {NS} you might go up to 'em and say, well I was just?
255:  I was just fooling. {NS}
Interviewer:  Or uh if you were the action of discussion discussing, what would you say? Different words for that.
255:  Kidding.
Interviewer:  Right.
255:  I was just kidding.
Interviewer:  Or if you were seriously gonna go out there, then you were just? Uh
255:  If it was seriously, I I was {NS}