Interviewer: {NW} Let's see we stopped off last time we were speaking which was just a few hours ago we stopped off on page thirty-six, question number seven thirty-six point seven uh this is side uh one of the third reel and uh let's see uh I was speaking we were oh we were talking about uh foul, mr Palasear 255: oh yeah fowl. I couldn't think of the word fowl for a flock of chickens or beef or turkeys Interviewer: Mm-hmm. yeah um and then, oh I was wondering a hand on a nest of eggs is called a what 255: a hand on a nest of eggs a setting hand Interviewer: right 255: {NW} Interviewer: what was that again? 255: setting hand, just setting Interviewer: the place uh where these hands live uh like it's a little 255: coop? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. a little rude shelter built out in the open where little chicks run in and out of the rain {NW} and out in 255: hatchery and a a coop Interviewer: have you ever heard of any other terms for that? 255: no, we have- we've raised little chickens we've have uh put the eggs in the incubator and and hatch them out Interviewer: oh one thing uh I had failed to go back and ask you a couple of questions here earlier be a little be more explicit on some of these uh, let's see uh oh yes i was wondering, what do you call uh the point uh, let's see what do you call if you uh have a house and an elk 255: peak? {X} point, what do you mean a Interviewer: and uh, what do you call the place where the two come together? A house and an elk you know? come together sort of like that 255: valley? Interviewer: okay, mm-hmm, good and then uh we were, one time also skipping back I forgot to mention this we were talking about porches and piazzas 255: yeah Interviewer: um, I was wondering do you happen to know if you can have a porch on more than one floor inside of an house 255: yes, I'm sure an upstairs porch and downstairs porch. I've lived in a house that has an upstairs porch and downstairs porch {NS} Interviewer: and what would you call the one, okay you mentioned that um, what about uh porches on the back of the house 255: a back porch that's what you call them, back porch some people call it a stoop Interviewer: Mm-hmm, what about uh uh does it make any difference if they have a roof or not? Is there any different terms for those? 255: uh open roof, open open porch or uh {X} I don't know what uh technical difference would be but it uh uh let's see back porch would say back porch would be more likely to be uncovered than a front porch in my judgment I don't know of any particular name you would call it {X} uh open porch. Might be open porch Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what about um. I was wondering uh we were talking about the different types of things about the beginning about fireplaces and stoves did you happen to recall that way back uh around, I think the Minorcan times they used to have a thing they used to put on the floor and they would put hot coals in it 255: oh yes, that's uh around the that's what they heated houses with and they have uh some several of the old houses have them here now and it's uh, you put coals in it and I'll think of the name, i can't think of it right now but it's quite commonplace Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: and uh {X} and the oldest houses, the historical side they have one they have one at the Peck house Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: that's another house and the uh Not like like well they have bed-warmers in those days too where you put some coals and some of them you put in bed with you uh, recover sort of protect you from the heat coming from the fire uh but uh brazier, brazier that's what the heating name for brazier i think B-R-A-Z-I-E-R something like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and uh do you happen to know what they're made out of 255: yes, they're made out of uh iron or or something that can withstand heat of course they're made out of most anything if they be {X} not too high off the floor little legs Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 oh # 255: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: okay uh, also now getting back to the things with fowl and all those were just a few incidental things that we had talked about um which is uh pertinent to the study 255: {NW} Interviewer: um, now talking about chickens and all uh when you eat one of these things, you know, chicken 255: yeah Interviewer: what is the part of the chicken uh that children like to have so they can pull it apart to see 255: wishbone wishbone Interviewer: you ever hear of any other names for it? 255: no, I never I mean there are names but people {X} call them wishbone Interviewer: what do you call the inside parts of the chicken uh that you eat like the liver, the heart, and the gizzard 255: uh well of course you call a Interviewer: you would call a chicken what 255: uh chicken uh i don't know, I- I've heard people describe but I can't think of the word they would use Interviewer: you ever hear uh, what about the insides of a pig or calf that you would eat 255: uh, chitlins they call that. I mean they the- that would be in {X} kind cattle cow, cow Interviewer: Mm-hmm. uh, the part that you sometimes eat and sometimes stuff sausage in what would you call that 255: sausage? Interviewer: yeah 255: i mean you already mean stuffed Interviewer: uh, like if you 255: entrails, or or entrails yeah, pig uh pig entrails and the would uh that's, casing we call them. Casing and we we butchered the hogs and they ground up the meat and made sausage I've helped them many a times when I was young and sometimes we would use the the entrails of the hog, clean them good, and then put the sausage meat right in that you see or or the types you buy uh the uh skinned or the the be I don't- what would call them, I've forgotten but you buy those. I remember they used to come in a little case be ready to use Interviewer: uh the part that you 255: let there be uh another animal {X} Interviewer: I was wondering the part that you s-uh-let's see oh yeah, if it's time to feed the stock and do chores, you would say it is 255: feeding time or there's another word they would use uh uh of course you'd slot the hogs #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 255: would you, you uh uh you'd feed the feed the animals, feed the stock I don't know of any particular name you'd call that Interviewer: did you ever call it chore-time 255: yeah, chores, you'd do some chores but that, chores that covers all sorts of things with raking the yard uh cleaning the barn uh, doing any chore Interviewer: you ever hear of it called fodder time 255: fodder? uh, no but that that's a good name for it fodder time we we stripped fodder um uh from corn course they would put it in bunches and let it dry and we'd keep it keep fodder, feed it to uh the animals Interviewer: did you happen to know of any uh calls that you would uh have uh happen to remember when you lived out in the farm or anytime that you would call the the cows in from the pasture 255: uh well uh the pigs there would be sooie you'd say for pigs uh, uh or just any sort of a call would call a hog, any noise cattle, uh is hardly susceptible to action call except cattle always came to the barn feeding time and docked, you you'd always have the cattle at the gate ready to get in to be feeding uh hogs uh not as hoggish as cattle Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 255: #2 {NW} # but uh sooie would be uh you'd chase hogs or call hogs or or just like a hog calling contest is just a big ruckus noise of course Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: and to get them in. let them know you want them Interviewer: {NW} 255: what you do regularly is what they'll answer i feel i feel uh that's what uh that's what attracts them is when you do the same thing every time you want to feed them you do this particular yell, call, or bang on uh on a tub. anything uh, so they know that that's feeding time and they come Interviewer: what about the calls to the cows specifically you happen to remember any of those? 255: uh, what uh, sooie you'd call I- I've myself said sooie to cows the uh the uh there's no particular call but except making a noise and yelling Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what would you say, you happen to know any names that they would uh stay uh, that that that they would uh, say to them to make them stand still during uh milking 255: uh {NW} Interviewer: no? 255: {X} I've uh, when I was a very little fellow, six or seven years old uh, I'd be milking and boy that cow it just jumped the milk out, move around I'd lose all the milk and I'd catch a dickens for it Interviewer: {NW} 255: and uh one thing that i remember so vividly is we used to feed uh uh cattle uh when we're milking cows brand, and put some uh sometimes syrup with it, little bit of syrup or syrup or something give it a sweet taste and I had the bucket fixed, was walking to the cow and we'd always try to put her head in a car like that put the bucket in the car and she would and and she well she uh got in the car, fell down, and the syrup and bran went all over me and that cow was licking me {NW} and uh, just licking me to death almost and uh, I had the darndest time getting up until the old colored man, Tom came around and here to her- he didn't laugh at my condition was I can remember he had #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 255: but I don't recall uh uh just uh {X} they have their own pet ways. I remember Tom he he talked to the cows out of his nostril all the time {X} he'd keep going and talking Interviewer: Mm. #1 {X} # 255: #2 and that uh # uh, I imagine imagine broke regularly did that I-I didn't. Of course they'd milk regularly. I just experimented. Interviewer: what about calls to calves do you know any? 255: I don't know of any particular calls to calves expect just making noise attract their attention but the the thing is the consistency of the call no matter what you did if it's feeding time uh they'd respond Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what do you say to mules or horses uh to make them go left or right? 255: here haw Interviewer: Mm-hmm. uh do you happen to know of any uh calls that you would have to a horse? #1 like you did for the uh # 255: #2 when you're uh uh a horse # you answer to a whistle Interviewer: what about getting them in from a pasture 255: whistle didn't whistle a horse then easily if you do it regularly {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what do you say to a horse to urge him on, you know to get him 255: get up get up Interviewer: and if he is already moving when uh or you know like, what would say to him? 255: {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: uh, you talk to him depending on we had we had all all of our horses had names we'd call them by their names and we recognize their names quite a bit and uh they uh first you stick your heels and the ropes that pull the lines up and ready to go, they're not even going. {X} get up let's go boy Interviewer: hmm, amazing what about uh, what would you say to make them stop 255: woah Interviewer: and when backing up a buggy, where there any other different terms? 255: uh, i just about pull the reigns and then back back uh talk to them keep talking to them all the time, no matter what you'd say just Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 uh # 255: #2 you you've been saying something different than get up # {X} {NW} Interviewer: what do you call horses uh when you uh I mean what do you call hogs, oh you- oh we've already talked about that #1 uh, how do you call sheep in from the pasture, you happen to know that # 255: #2 never, never, we've never had sheep at all # I don't think we've had sheep in our area Interviewer: what about uh, you mentioned you were talking about chickens and things like that. What would you call uh the- what would you, what were the different calls for the chickens 255: chic-chic-chic-chic-chic-chic-chic- here chic- here chic Interviewer: hmm, that's interesting that's good uh what about if if you wanted to get the horses ready to go somewhere you would say, I want to 255: #1 what # Interviewer: #2 saddle up # 255: or harness up Interviewer: uh, and when you're driving a horse, uh uh what do you hold in your hand 255: reigns Interviewer: suppose you're riding a horse. What do, uh what are you guiding with 255: {NW} I rode a horse quite a bit {X} I always have my left hand. I lean over just to the left you, but you pull the reigns what you're supposed to pull pull one the- more pressure on your left reign if you wanted to go left I will push on the right reign if I'm going to the right but it's rude to just take the lines and put them over here or put them over here, and the horse will go turn Interviewer: uh when do you uh put your feet in when you're riding horseback 255: stirrups Interviewer: if you have two horses and the horse on the uh, the horse on the right is called the what 255: the leader? now if you have a double-team Interviewer: that's if you have a double team huh 255: you have a double team and you put your- your-your horse, you know what your horse is uh uh you put on the right and you put the horse you depend upon more on the right than you would on the left as I recall we never had much double team, but we've had a couple teams Interviewer: interesting uh if something uh is not right near a at hand, you would say it's just a little blank over 255: uh, not right near what? Interviewer: like if it's not really right near you 255: yeah Interviewer: at hand, you would just say, it's just a over yonder would be one expression 255: #1 you could use # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 255: #1 just over yonder # Interviewer: #2 or a little # a little blank over, have you fill in the blank there 255: a little bit over, I'd say, a little bit over Interviewer: okay, if you had, if you had uh been traveling and have not finished your journey, you might say that you had a blank before dark, dark okay, I'll say that again if you've been traveling and have not finished your journey, you might say that you had a blank before dark 255: how of course you could say rest but you could say there's another word you could use uh i don't know stay, you would say you would stay the horses let's stay them a while uh, your riding horses never heavily ridden and then let's stop to stay the horses Interviewer: hmm, and then if you didn't want to stay and you just say, oh let's just keep on going because uh it's it's before dark and we won't get there, it's not just a a little ways it's a long ways or it's Mm-hmm. 255: a hell of a long ways some people might say Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 255: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: if something is very common and you don't have to look for it in a small place, you would say that you can find that just about 255: like a needle in a haystack Interviewer: or you just say I could just find that let's say like uh, if if I were to say you know I'm really interested in the different types of lawns around here and the different type of grass that grows on the lawns so I'm looking around here and where can I find lawns and you could say, you can find lawns just about 255: everywhere just about everywhere Interviewer: or uh in one particular place 255: over yonder, you could {X} uh Interviewer: okay 255: or on a well Interviewer: if okay uh if i fell this. If i fell this way which way would i be going? 255: forward? Interviewer: and this way? 255: backward Interviewer: okay uh if i ask you, did you catch any fish and then you would say no blank or one 255: never done one or not a single one Interviewer: okay any um a schoolboy might ask a scolding teacher why is she blaming me. I blank wrong 255: what's the last thing you said, wrong? Interviewer: why is she blaming me, I blank wrong 255: w-r-o-n-g Interviewer: #1 yeah # 255: #2 is the last word? # ah, I'm not, let's see why is she blaming me it's not my fault or I'm not wrong I'm not in the wrong that would be the the proper answer I think Interviewer: okay, if someone apologizes for breaking your rake, you say, that's all right. I didn't like it 255: anyway, I didn't like it anyway. Interviewer: uh {NW} a crying child might say, he was eating candy and didn't give me 255: what give me any Interviewer: okay uh, it's just it's just and becoming about to a certain time of day what would you call that #1 when the sun # 255: #2 it's just about dinner # or it's just about uh sundown Interviewer: and what happens after sundown, when is that? 255: twilight in some areas Interviewer: and then after twilight? 255: darkness? dark Interviewer: and what do you call that uh term between twilight and uh i mean between dawn and dusk what's the time between dawn and dusk 255: daytime? Interviewer: and the other side 255: #1 nighttime # Interviewer: #2 the opposite # beg your pardon, what'd you say 255: nighttime Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: night evening Interviewer: and twelve oh clock #1 is # 255: #2 last night # sorry Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: noon {X} Interviewer: and if and if it's night time and I'm walking outside and 255: midnight? Interviewer: right, and and you were inside and I was outside, what would you say and it was 255: young or dark? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. uh and {NW} let's see okay, let's say there was a boy who was spoiled and he grows up you might say, he'll have his trouble blank yeah 255: he's what kind of boy now, say it again Interviewer: if there was a spoiled boy and we're talking #1 about this # 255: #2 spoiled # spoiled brat Interviewer: #1 right # 255: #2 yeah # Interviewer: and he and he grows up and you say, and you might say he'll have his trouble 255: he will have trouble later on, no question about that Interviewer: he'll have his trouble 255: later on Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: {NW} could be any expression used there Interviewer: what would you call those uh the things that are made by a plow 255: furrow Interviewer: okay uh and if you have a a good yield, you might say, we raised a big 255: crop Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and if you rid all the brush and trees on the land, you would say you did what 255: cleared the land Interviewer: and if you cut them down to make a road through the woods to a logging camp, you would say we just 255: hit it right away cleared it right away Interviewer: the second cutting of uh clover grass, uh during the second covering uh cutting of clo- of clover grass what would you call the old, dry dead grass that is left over on the ground in the spring 255: stubble Interviewer: uh, the we-weed is tied up into a what 255: we never grow weed in this area and so I'm not used to like the terms of #1 weed except # Interviewer: #2 okay # 255: a bundle Interviewer: right and yet you do, you probably do that with sugar cane then 255: uh sugar cane uh well sugar cane was never grown what you'd call commercially here like they would grow it down near near the oak {X} in lake worth, in the area Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: uh i mean uh back up in the {X{ big sugar fine-fineries the only thing they grow farmers had sugar cane crops had sugar cane patch what they call it and uh maybe a half acre and uh produces several thousand stocks which they put through a grinder and mix that up and they'd bunch it, they they'd tie it in bunches to- for easy handling Interviewer: hmm, that's interesting uh and I was wondering uh the bunch, uh bunches or or the bundles or sheaves that are piled up, they ever take, I was wondering, they ever take sugar cane, they pile them up into uh, the different sheaves and the bundles, they ever do that out in the middle of the field 255: no I don't think they'd ever do that they cut sugar cane with a big uh sickle, white thing uh, heavy, and cutter and uh they cut it out, cut it {X} cut it here and knock the top off and throw it aside for somebody come pick it up Interviewer: well, they {X} uh I don't know if you know too much about 255: i didn't know they would have a bunch of Interviewer: if they took a bunch of bundles of wheat and they put them together, what would you have 255: well then you'd have uh, I don't know what you'd call them, but sheath of wheat is what you'd call a bundle but they i don't what, I have no idea what they'd call a a like a haystack would be hay bunched up but the stack of {X} or whatever you'd call it but I don't what other, what other name you'd give it. Interviewer: you ever hear of a shock or 255: no but I would imagine that would be an appropriate name for it a shock of what I guess Interviewer: uh, let's say if we raised a bunch of crops uh we raised uh let's say well, we, let's say we're raising a bunch of potatoes and we had let's say the quantity and the amount of potatoes that we'd have, we'd take we'd have let's say, for instance I would say we raised forty blank of wheat, I mean of 255: forty bushels Interviewer: right 255: forty bushels to the acre a hundred bushels to the acre Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: that's a common expression Interviewer: right uh, do you happen to know what what a good yield uh of uh possibly um any of the produce around #1 here would be # 255: #2 yes, i know what it is # uh, a yield of potatoes now when i was a youngster out on the farm and my father grew potatoes uh, we called them barrels then. forty barrels to the acre uh the, that was a a fairly good yield uh, right now uh if a yield is not a hundred bushels to the acre they would be very poor and because it gets up to two hundred bushels or two hundred bushels per acre Interviewer: hmm 255: because of uh the type of fertilizer and they and they cultivate {X} {NW} just yields more per acre Interviewer: okay, do you happen to know what you have to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of it 255: scratch it Interviewer: uh, if you and another man let's say if you and another man have a good job and you told him about it, you would say, you and 255: uh, you and I should uh uh go to town, you and i should I-I, due to my lack of uh education I would find uh sometimes very very hard to know exactly what's the grammatic, proper grammar and uh uh i get by with not too many mistakes but i don't make a lot Interviewer: if you were not speaking to him, just talking about him, you would say, the job is for 255: the job is for you to do or what, i don't Interviewer: or you were saying like, the two people, you know, if you were talking to this one guy and he's saying that that you and this other person had the you know, wanted to be on the job you would say, the job is for 255: the two of us Interviewer: Mm-hmm. okay 255: both of us? {NS} Interviewer: and and if some friends of yours and you are coming over to see me uh you would say blank and blank are coming over 255: {NW} i guess i would say, whether it's right or wrong, I'd say captain, captain are coming over to see you tonight Interviewer: right, and you would say uh instead of using her name you would just use like you know #1 {X} # 255: #2 my wife and I # Interviewer: yeah or uh just talking 255: we, we would come over, we will come over to see you #1 tonight # Interviewer: #2 right # and you would and if we were saying uh blank and I uh just speaking of your wife as a person. A regular. without noting whether you know she's your wife or not just just another woman you would say 255: I would say we would uh coming over tonight or the two of us will come over or uh {X} or we would come over tonight, play cards [X} there was a stranger, I don't know, I wouldn't say that Interviewer: if you knock on the door and they say who's there and you know uh and they hear your voice and they say to you, it's 255: this is X I would say my name is X, I go by X Interviewer: okay, great, what about, what about if you just say uh just saying, talking about yourself, it's. or it is 255: it is I would be uh would be hard for me to say this is X I would #1 I would say # Interviewer: #2 right # well some people say uh if we are sitting here expecting some man knocks at the door and you say, oh it's only 255: John Interviewer: or instead of saying his name, it's only 255: it's only Interviewer: and we both know the guy who's #1 {X} # 255: #2 yeah # it's it's it's only my neighbor or it's only it's only him knocking uh. it's only her knocking Interviewer: and if it {X} and if it's two people, you say it's only eh or a group of people 255: let's see now {X} people uh, a group of people knocking at the door and I was talking to my my wife and I would say I would say, they're here probably Interviewer: alright 255: or the group is here, or uh Interviewer: if you'd say, if if you just speak 255: go ahead Interviewer: okay, well if you just say it's like he or she he, she 255: I wouldn't #1 if it's a group, I wouldn't do that # Interviewer: #2 {X} # right 255: you'd say uh, the group is here {NS} Interviewer: {D: got you} okay, now we're speaking on the second side, I think of the third reel right and uh, we've just ended on page forty-two Item number six and we're on item number six right now and so I'll just ask you the question Mr. {B} uh, comparing how tall you are you would say uh for instance, he is not as tall as he's not 255: he's not as tall as John or he's not as tall as you are Interviewer: or if you're speaking about yourself 255: alright, uh, uh he's not as tall as I am Interviewer: right okay alright comparing how tall you are you'd say I'm not as tall as 255: he is Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and comparing how well you can do something you'd say, he can do it better than 255: I can Interviewer: Mm-hmm. if a man had been running for two miles and then had to stop you'd say two miles is blank he could go 255: two miles is all he could go if if that were true Interviewer: alright 255: {X} Interviewer: if something belongs to me and I say, it's 255: mine Interviewer: and if something belongs to both of us you'd say it's 255: ours, this is ours Interviewer: and if something belongs to uh uh if something belongs to them it's 255: theirs Interviewer: and something belongs to him 255: it's his Interviewer: and something belongs to her 255: it's hers Interviewer: okay, people have uh people have been let's say if people have been to visit you and they're about to leave you say to them well blank back again 255: please come back again I would say Interviewer: Mm-hmm, or if you speaking to all all the people, you'd say, well if you were speaking to a group and you'd say well come back again 255: you're not wanting me to say what the governor of Florida said, Governor Cone he'd always say you all come {NS} Interviewer: that's that's written in the book {X} 255: you all come Interviewer: I know, I know but uh when you speak to a group of people, how do you address them 255: um group of people that's because I would speak to the group Interviewer: or if you direct yourself without them 255: could I do what Interviewer: if you direct yourself, you know, to if you were speaking and you're making a presentation and you're saying, I would like blank 255: all of you to uh Interviewer: right 255: to hear what I have to say Interviewer: good, excellent, great term and {X} um now now let's say um if their car was out in the road you might say to them someone's going to run into blank car 255: someone's going to run into my car Interviewer: or, according 255: that car, someone's going to run into that car Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: or their car {NW} Interviewer: and then if you ask uh, if you're asking about people at a party you would say blank had been here you, we were just talking earlier about the you were talking about the word witch and then the other word 255: yeah mm-hmm. Interviewer: and you'd say, blank had been here 255: ask him a question Interviewer: yeah, you would ask him a question, you'd say blank #1 been here # 255: #2 has John been here # Interviewer: or if you're not speaking of a particular person, you're saying blank 255: who has been here Interviewer: right okay uh a group of 255: have they been here Interviewer: and uh a group of children that uh obviously belong to one or more family, you'd ask them blank children uh, blank children are they 255: neighborhood children Interviewer: yeah, if you're talking about uh the family that they belong to you would say blank children are they are they blank children are they like if if you're looking at all the kids in the neighborhood here and you say like uh and they're they're maybe making a bunch of ruckus in the lot across the street 255: do they belong over here do they belong here in this neighborhood Interviewer: and you wanna find out their parents and find out 255: who do they belong to Interviewer: alright 255: that's a common expression Interviewer: when you ask about all all of the speakers' remarks, everything said you might say blank did he say or if you can't understand when i ask you a question and uh you look at me and you say 255: did he cover this question, did he say this Interviewer: right or 255: did he refer to politics Interviewer: or if i, if you can't understand the question that I asked and I bubbled something in and you couldn't understand it you would look at me and you would say blank did you say 255: {NW} well, if it's if it's people i didn't know very well I'd say, please, will you please repeat repeat that Interviewer: uh-huh 255: or i would say, I didn't hear Interviewer: or if you filled in the this blank you would say, blank did he say 255: what did he say Interviewer: right {NS} uh if no one else will look out for them, you'd say, they've got to look out for 255: themselves Interviewer: right if no one else will do it for him you'd say, he had better do it 255: for himself {X} Interviewer: what 255: better look out for himself Interviewer: {NS} what is made of flour, uh baked in loaves uh what is what is made of flour, baked in loaves 255: bread Interviewer: when it is made 255: loaves, yeah bread yeah Interviewer: when it is made to rise with yeast you call it 255: uh, homemade bread uh rising bread, yeast bread well really, olden times they they always put yeast in bread so you'd say homemade bread that we'd call it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NW} what are the kinds of bread uh what are what are the kinds of bread that are not in loaves 255: biscuits hoecake, you know what a hoecake is Interviewer: what's a hoecake 255: you cook it in a dutch oven, and by the way a duct oven where there's a little thing with the legs on it, it sits up and you put a top on it and you cook it over a campfire or cook outside and it's uh made of dough and it's like uh a big flapjack when it's called it's a little thicker than that, it's called a hoecake and all country people used to have a hoecake particularly on the carts you'd cook a ca- a hoecake and have it with coffee and they'd call it hoecake Interviewer: let's say uh [X} or you might say you bake a pan of what 255: biscuits Interviewer: there aren't, okay right, you happen to know of any other kinds of bread made out of flour 255: any kind of bread made out of flour Interviewer: uh-huh 255: a bread is bread you know and uh you can have uh wheat bread or whole wheat bread or uh number of different types of bread depending on what you put in it Interviewer: uh-huh 255: put flour to the flour Interviewer: what about bread made with white flour 255: white bread Interviewer: [NW} 255: {X} brown bread, or rye bread Interviewer: what is baked in uh a large what is baked in a large cake made of cornmeal 255: large cake made of corn cornbread Interviewer: Mm-hmm. uh now that you mention cornbread, I was just wondering what do you make uh, what do you mean uh by cornbread when you talk about them 255: you you have uh uh cornflour and uh uh uh uh some ground up corn of course and uh and you mix it with water, put a little seasoning in it and cook it and it's delicious cornbread Interviewer: hmm, is there any more than one kind? 255: uh, oh no. I-I corn is corn and uh if you make make ground take ground up corn and make cornbread out of it. I don't really have anything else but cornbread Interviewer: Mm-hmm. oh 255: you have uh uh uh uh make some sort of uh pancakes out of it but it'd be a silly cornbread Interviewer: suppose you have the kind that uh doesn't have anything in it but cornmeal, salt, and water 255: sourdough is that what they're talking about you think. I've heard of it but I- I 've never {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. uh, what do you uh do you ever um do you ever remember any kind of cornbread that people talked about making before the fire before the fire on a board or something like that only uh larger? 255: you know I I have uh I have a recollection of of well now that you mention that that I just can't can't imagine what the name would be. I don't know Interviewer: Mm-hmm, are there any kinds that they cook in ashes 255: our course they they cook many potatoes and things of that under ashes they've taken, you make a, you you I've done camping many times, baked potatoes, sweet potatoes, mashed potatoes, put a put a barrier and then build your fire right on top of them and by the time you've cooked your own {X} you can take your potatoes out and they're they're they're baked very well, cooked very well Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what kind is about an inch thick, very large, round that you might cook in a skillet 255: uh well that's a hoecake that we have a flour, that's exactly what we have here Interviewer: hmm 255: cook in a skillet, you cook hoecake in a skillet all the time Interviewer: uh then there was the kind that is small and sort of like uh 255: pancake Interviewer: a sphere, and maybe it's a little bit of onion and green pepper mixed in it and you'd cook #1 them # 255: #2 oh. you talking about uh puppies, hushpuppies? # Interviewer: yeah, and well then there's also the type that you cook them in deep fat and eat them with fish and other fried seafood 255: {X} hushpuppies yeah, mm-hmm. Interviewer: uh, there's something else that uh that you would sometimes have that you'd boil in cheesecloth on either, with either beans, greens, or something with chicken made out of cornmeal what would you call that 255: I don't know, I've never had, I've never heard of that I've Interviewer: then there was uh the kind of cornmeal that you'd cook in a deep pan and it comes out soft and you dish it out like you would uh dish out mashed potatoes #1 {X} # 255: #2 corn mush # something that you can, they they took a lot of mush in out of corn I think but I don't remember none of that Interviewer: did you ever hear of a corn dodger 255: no no, no #1 that's not a # Interviewer: #2 okay # 255: that's not a common expression used in my young life Interviewer: there are two kinds of bread the homemade bread and the kind that you buy at the store what would you call this kind that you buy at the store 255: we call it store bought bread {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: and we'd call it uh uh uh i don't any type they name their bread that's all Interviewer: what would you call the stuff that you uh make in your #1 house # 255: #2 homemade bread # Interviewer: okay 255: call it homemade bread Interviewer: um, you mentioned pancakes a while back there 255: yeah Interviewer: uh, what are the different names you'd call those 255: well, uh or I imagine they have all sorts of names I call them pancakes you can make fritters corn, fritters will make another like you have uh syrup on Interviewer: Mm-hmm. uh what about the ones that are made out of wheat flour 255: uh, I don't know what they'd be called particularly uh let's see wheatcakes uh I've heard of wheatcakes certainly but if that's what you're referring to Interviewer: Mm-hmm. what is fried in deep fat with hole in the center 255: donut Interviewer: Mm-hmm, are there any other names uh for the other types of shapes that you have with them 255: no {X} with with beer and uh hard things you buy or you cooked little circle rings hooked together, I can't think of the name Interviewer: uh, the pretzels 255: pretzels, yeah Interviewer: Mm-hmm, if you take a lump of donut dough and dipped it with a spoon without making a hole in it, what would you call that 255: well I think if if, depending on what was mixed in with it when it was uh prepared it would be a hushpuppy Interviewer: okay what about if you fried it in deep fat with three other strips across it 255: three strips of three strips of what across. oh oh Interviewer: that 255: you mean pies or what Interviewer: no, if you just took this lump of dough and put three strips of fat on it and fried it in fat 255: uh, I know nothing that nothing that we would uh, the one of the things that we would uh as a a dish that uh bread bread and cheese they only make corn from the harvest, that's where the Minorcan name came from that's the {D: fromo harvest} is the cheesecake and the Minorcans always have it parties on Easter time Interviewer: What was that again 255: {D: Fromo harvest} Interviewer: {D: fromo} 255: it's in that uh the the there's a there's a story I know, there's a song called From my Harvest, they sing at Easter time Minorcans and what they serve there's a there's some recipes in there How do you make how do you make uh crispies and from my harvest and other dishes Interviewer: Mm-hmm, I see it's in here. It's on, it's in the book uh that you've given to us um it's the book Minorcans in Florida: Their History and Heritage by Jane Quinn uh, and it's on page two-hundred and forty-nine uh is the song and uh, that's where that's located uh, there's also the recipes that you're talking about {D: fromohanus} which us is on page two-hundred and fifty-two {NS} have to save half of the tape {NS} {NW} {NS} okay right so where were, oh yeah we were talking about different things made of flour okay, when you went to the store uh, to buy flour, the quantities that you that they measured them in you'd say, I go to the store and buy two blank of flour 255: well, actually you buy bulk flour, I'd see if i bought two pounds of flour, two quarts of flour {X} measure it up. pour it, and measure it up and {X} you buy two pounds of flour I'd say its usual designation Interviewer: what would you uh use to make bread that is not baking powder or soda uh what do you use to, yeah, to make bread that's not baking powder or soda you know it comes in little small packets and it's dry and granulated 255: {X] so it'll rise, is that it Interviewer: uh-huh 255: uh, I can't think of the name but I know it's on the tip of my tongue uh it's always have, always have to be put in in dough and it makes it have to be flat if you didn't put it in, make it rise and you set them aside before you bake them Interviewer: right 255: and then they when they rose to the proper time and you put them in the oven and bake them Interviewer: let's say okay, the word sounds like the direction I'm pointing in 255: east, yeast, yeast, that's it, yeast certainly {X} the yeast is very important of course in baking Interviewer: the uh the end, okay, I was just wondering, what do you usually have for breakfast 255: you mean, what do people have or what do I have Interviewer: um, you have or most people have have 255: well, uh when I was young, I had different now, I have different tastes now because I have a hiatal hernia i eat differently, but uh as a rule now I have uh uh cereal, cu-cup of coffee and some toast and some cereal that's my breakfast occasionally I have uh uh bacon and eggs and uh, but uh, I don't have much of that because I don't eat too much eggs and I don't eat bacon either for that matter because of my cholesterol Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: my #1 probably when I was younger I'd eat all of that # Interviewer: #2 {X} # what's inside part of the egg 255: yolk Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 and # 255: #2 white and yolk # Interviewer: what's uh what would you call uh what color would you say the yolk or the egg is 255: yellow and and the others the white of the egg we'd call it {x} the yolk is yellow Interviewer: id you cook them in hot water, what would you call 255: boiled egg Interviewer: and if you crack them and let them fall out of the shells in the hotter water 255: {X} uh, poached poached egg, poached eggs Interviewer: what do you call the salt or sugar churned mead that you might boil with greens 255: salt rigging, south valley or what, what are you #1 talking about # Interviewer: #2 okay, Mm-hmm. # 255: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 255: we never had south valley I don't know very much but I know that I know south valley Interviewer: what if it had no le- no lean on it at all 255: no lean under the oil Interviewer: yeah 255: fat bacon I used to work in a butcher store when I was thirteen years old, delivering meat I know what fat bacon is and it lived to cozy people mainly Interviewer: what about if it had a 255: pigs feet, and fat bacon, and south valley Interviewer: what is had a uh a good bit of lean on it 255: uh well, uh if it's cut in strips it would be breakfast bacon or it'd be bacon uh, and uh, lean bacon or whatever you'd call it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. when you when you cut like a side of a of a hog uh, or a cow what would you call that when it's cut right in half you know 255: you mean uh cut the what, the cow, the ribcage of the cow. what do you mean Interviewer: let's say like you worked in a butcher shop 255: yeah Interviewer: the man bought a large quantity of meat 255: that's right Interviewer: and that was there, a lot of times they came in this one quantity where they just cut it in half 255: oh yeah, they just put it down the cellar Interviewer: yeah, and what would they call that 255: uh, what would I say, of course they'd call it loin or beef {NW} uh, uh they'd it call the uh on hogs Interviewer: would they call it 255: with the lo-loin, uh that's what you get the pork loins, you get the pork chops out of that or uh uh {NW} Interviewer: what about if you just cut it in half you would call that #1 a # 255: #2 side # Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: side of beef Interviewer: or an uh 255: side side of Interviewer: if it was a hog you'd call it 255: uh I'd I'd call it a side of uh pig I guess but the the main thing a red back bone part of a pig would be a loin pork loin, that it would be Interviewer: what would you call uh, let's see the kind of meat that you would buy sliced into uh, sliced thin uh to eat eggs with 255: breakfast bacon Interviewer: Mm-hmm. and uh the type of stuff that you uh, they used to have houses for this and they put it in there and then it would be considered there were all sorts of meat they stick in there 255: a smokehouse Interviewer: right, and um, what would you call the meat 255: uh, well it's uh smoked bacon Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {X} uh {NS} the outside of bacon is called what 255: you don't mean the, you don't mean the skin Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: what's it called, a nickname for it or another name for it Interviewer: yeah, well that's that's good #1 if you know of any others # 255: #2 skin # I don't know any others it's called, just the skin, tough skin Interviewer: the kind of meat that you buy and then slice it thin to eat with your eggs think you mentioned that 255: breakfast bacon yeah Interviewer: right the kind of meat that uh that comes in little ol' links on a chain uh 255: sausage breakfast sausage Interviewer: uh, the kind of meat that uh has been kept too long and then you, you know. It's real smelly and you say the meat is done what when it's not good and the the meat is 255: yeah {NS} of course I know what you mean but I just can't, I'm at a loss for words of course of course it doesn't go sour uh it just uh rancid Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 255: it could go rancid, could {X} {NS} spoiled Interviewer: Mm-hmm. uh after the butcher, after your after you butcher a hog, what do you do with the meat from its head 255: you make hog head's che- hog hog's head cheese out of it Interviewer: what do you call the dish prepared by cooking and grinding up hog liver 255: uh, black pudding blood puddings blood puddings, oh i remember we, I love blood puddings you mix all that stuff and put blood of the hog in it mix it up, put in casings, like sausage and and you uh, and you hurry up you you couldn't keep that as long as you'd keep sausage sausage dries and keeps well, but that one, you couldn't keep pudding because bl-blood puddings, you couldn't keep them very long Interviewer: so what would you call the different type of sausage that you'd have, that you made just from um liver 255: from liver Interviewer: #1 yeah # 255: #2 uh uh # well let's see uh, we never made that one when I was young, but you'd have uh liverwurst is that what you speak of Interviewer: yeah 255: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: um, did you ever take the juice of head cheese or the liver sausage, stir it up with cornmeal maybe some hog meat, cook it, then later after it gets cold, slice it and fry it what would you call that 255: what are you talking about a hog's head cheese i think Interviewer: yeah, and you, that's part of. it's a it's a recipe you just take you know #1 the head cheese # 255: #2 yes # Interviewer: #1 and the liver sausage # 255: #2 that's if they put # Interviewer: and the cornmeal, and the hog meat, and you just just cook it all up and after you cook this up, you take it, and it gets all cold and you slice it #1 and you fry it # 255: #2 that's hog's head cheese # Interviewer: #1 right, but that's hog's head cheese goes into that # 255: #2 I- I don't know any other name for it # yeah, that's right, but I don't know what else name we call I Interviewer: you ever hear of uh of scrapple 255: I have Interviewer: #1 uh pon haus # 255: #2 I have I have # what Interviewer: pon haus 255: no, never heard of that Interviewer: #1 scripple # 255: #2 scrapple # no, never, never, those are not the common expressions {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. suppose you kept your uh your butter too long and it didn't taste good 255: it's rancid Interviewer: right 255: another thing they used to make out of those things is cracklings {X} uh this, the little pieces when you're making when you're cutting up the fat of the hog to cook it to make lard the pieces that have little uh pieces of uh meat on it you'd you'd you'd cut those up and then you make cracklings out of those and then, when they would cook them you'd get the the uh, you keep them separate from just the plain lard and they'd cook them, the the the crackers a good deed, you keep those, you put them in a jar, you keep them of course you get the lard out of them also but they {NS} they leap, curls up, and they taste good #1 they call it crackling # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 255: #1 and you make crackling bread out of it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Interviewer: um, did you ever, let's see, right the uh sour milk that you'd keep on hand is called what thick, sour milk 255: well you make curd out of uh cheese out of uh of certain milk but uh clabber you mean Interviewer: yeah 255: that's what you're looking for Interviewer: right, uh what would you call right you were talking about the milk and the cheese that you made out of that uh, what would you call other things that were made from like you know clabber, this type of uh 255: well you make uh uh you make things that you buy right now in the store uh curd, you make a curd for one thing and then you make uh something else you buy that's real good, I like it {NW} can't think of it right now but uh, um I know we used to make clabber, clabber put it in a thing and drain it and foam it and that was uh curd, and we'd eat that curd with sugar on it Interviewer: hmm, that's interesting uh what do you do with the milk after you eat it, remember you were talking about some things about the the man who used to milk and uh what would he do after he was milking it what did he do after he milked the cow the milk 255: well, the first place when he when he milked the cow, he'd always have a bucket of warm water there he'd wash the tips off her calfling and rinse them carefully and then he would uh uh do his milking and uh, then uh, he, of course it depends on whether he had a calf to feed or not. He'd have to save some for the calf he couldn't milk her dry uh, and prepare the, after you get the milk and l-l-let the calf then go to the mother and finish up Interviewer: Mm-hmm. okay, and then when you take that milk and it has all these like, you know, hair you remember how it used to be you know all that stuff floating around the top of it and uh, when you want to get those impurities out of it, what would you do it, you know you would uh what it 255: well, you you you strain it but uh the uh the the you shouldn't let, you should be careful not to let anything get in it very much, just the {X} {NW} but you'd strain it anyway for fear that there was something else Interviewer: what is uh baked in e deep dish with, made of apples with a crust on top 255: hmm, apple crisp for one thing and uh uh apple pan down, what do you they call it, pan down apple pan down something like that, I've forgotten Interviewer: dowdy? 255: yeah, a- a- a- apple pan down, pandowdy, something that I thought I'm not familiar with that but I've heard it Interviewer: somebody has a good appetite, you say, he sure likes to put away his 255: somebody would say nibbles, but uh, you should say food or I Interviewer: #1 right okay # 255: #2 he sure likes to put his food # {X} Interviewer: what would you call a milk or cream mixed with sugar and nutmeg that you might pour over a pie 255: pour over pie, you're not talking about eggnog are you Interviewer: mm 255: {X} you can't put any milk #1 milk # Interviewer: #2 okay, what would you call the sweet liquid that you pour over the pudding # 255: a, a sauce you put over a apple uh a apple pie with a sauce or you make it with sugar and butter and milk and so far it's mixed up Interviewer: and, the food that is taken between regular meals, you call it you know like you have like 255: yeah uh Interviewer: breakfast and lunch and dinner, or you know dinner and supper, and between those times you'd say, you know you take a little cracked or something like it #1 what would you call that # 255: #2 uh, uh, uh # I can't think of a name, but of course it's it's I know it very well {X} a snack, course is one thing but it's not, there are other names Interviewer: what about a bite or a piece 255: a snack be-between- a snack between meals would be uh what would come more natural for me to say it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} okay, uh, now let's say if I say I will blank breakfast at seven oh clock 255: I will eat breakfast at seven oh clock Interviewer: alright, now I'm gonna ask you the the different parts of eat, okay and then just ask you just a couple of questions here yesterday, at that time, I had already 255: by this time, I had eaten my breakfast Interviewer: Mm-hmm. last week I had blank breakfast everyday 255: last week I ate my breakfast everyday at seven oh clock. Is that what you #1 want to say # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm, right # what do people drink for breakfast 255: coffee tea Interviewer: mm 255: orange juice Interviewer: what do you drink when you are thirsty 255: water Interviewer: uh 255: if available Interviewer: Mm-hmm. uh, you drink it out of a what