Interviewer:  {NS} {X} for a second, and I'll just talk into the microphone without hearing and I'll see {NS} works.
Interviewer:  Okay, let's see the date is uh the nineteenth of November 1977. The interviewer is Frederick {B} {NS} I'm speaking with the informant uh Mr. XL {B} uh is that your what's your whole name?
255:  Xavier Lopez {B}
Interviewer:  How do you spell your first name?
255:  X-A-V-I-E-R.
Interviewer:  X-A-V-I-E-R. Lopez, L-O-P?
255:  E-Z.
Interviewer:  E-Z. And {B} is spelled {B} Uh-huh. Uh, and this is Saint John's Cou- uh, County.
255:  Yes. {NS}
Interviewer:  And the state is Florida. {NS} Let's see, your address here is {B}
255:  That's right. {NS}
Interviewer:  And the community is Saint Augustine.
255:  Yes.
Interviewer:  {X} Uh {NS} Uh let's see, your birthplace, sir? Saint Augustine. {NS} Let's see- oh, and your age?
255:  February the- I was born February the eighth, nineteen hundred. {NS} Next February I will be seventy-eight. {NS}
Interviewer:  Hmm. {NS} Oh, and your occupation?
255:  I'm a retired banker. {NS} Retired in sixty-seven. {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Um and your religion?
255:  Catholic. {NS}
Interviewer:  Um now, we're interested in finding out your education and all, what's your background in your education? {NS}
255:  I have very little education. {NS} I {NS} went to the Catholic schools. {NS} Saint Joseph's Academy. {NS} And I finished the ninth grade, {NS} and which was in nineteen fifteen. And during the course of that year, my father died suddenly. {NS} And I was not able to continue in school. {NS} I {NS} went out to work {NS} and attended night school for two years following. {NS} uh taking uh various business courses. {NS} I never attempted to continue the equivalent of a high school education, so I was not I'm not {NS} technically {NS} a high school graduate. {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay, very good. Um {NS} we'd uh, also like to point out uh, your social contacts what do you do and and what is your social life mostly made up of?
255:  Well, uh {NS} {NW} first I went with the Saint Augustine national bank. {NS}
Interviewer:  #1 Beg your pardon? #
255:  #2 And I # I I I we- I helped organize the Saint Augustine National Bank in nineteen nineteen. I went to work there when it opened, August fifteenth nineteen nineteen. {NS} {NS} And I continued in that bank for forty-seven years, {NS} before retirement as senior vice president. {NS} I'm uh was a member of many of these civic organizations, helped organize the exchange club {NS} in the early twenties. I later became a rotary member of the rotary club in nineteen thirty-four. {NS} I've long been an active member, officer, and president of the Saint Augustine Historical Society. {NS} I was president of rotary for two years, nineteen forty-two and nineteen forty-three. {NS} I was a member of a number of social clubs in Saint Augustine. {NS} {NS} That roughly is {NS} background. I attended {NS} uh Rutgers University for summer courses in banking in nineteen thirty-five and thirty-six. {NS} Rutgers University in New Jersey. Brunswick, New Jersey. {NS} As a member of the graduate school of banking, {NS} it {NS} which was originally organized in nineteen thirty-five, I was one of the first {NS} students to take advantage of the graduate school of banking, sponsored by the American Bankers Association. I was {NS} many connections statewide with the forestry. I owned uh Uh I gradually acquired rather large acreages of forestry. Forest lands during the #1 Depression. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
255:  And I was active I was uh a member of the board of directors, and president for two years of the Florida Forestry Association. I was a member of the State Board of Forestry, had been appointed by governor Holland. {NS} I was had I previously also been {NS} a member of the State Library Board, {NS} having resigned from that board in order to take {NS} the chairmanship of the f- uh Florida Board of Forestry. {NS} I was then elected a number uh {X} oh in the forties, late forties a a member of the board of directors of the American Forestry Association in Washington. {NS} I served two terms as director, and then I was elected honorary vice president of the {NS} American Forestry Association. {NS} Serving two two or three years in that capacity. {NS} I'm still a life member of the American Forestry Association. {NS} {NW} Well, there are many other things that go on, I don't recall particularly what to {NW} other thing- other things will occur to me a while Oh yes, I was {NS} I was connected with the Soil Conservation Society for Florida, and was chairman for two terms. State chairman for two terms. {NS} And was uh I got a number of awards {NS} I was awarded by governor Bryant, the Con- uh I received the Governor's Conservation Award in nineteen sixty-two. Um {NS} I was honored by Rollins College on a number of occasions, as I was serving uh with the uh s- uh s- the Spanish uh Institute uh of Florida. Uh as the director, and later as the president for the state. {NS} And then I received, in nineteen fifty-two I think it was, I received the Cervantes Award from Rollins College. {NS} Uh which I have in the on my in my bedroom. A #1 gol- #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
255:  gold medallion. And I later received a the George Morgan Award, which was one of the outstanding awards given by {NS} Rollins College. {NS} And during my time as honorary vice president of the American Forestry Association, I received the National Smokey Bear Award for fire prevention. I had been the uh head of the Fire Prevention in Florida for a number of years. And I was the the organizer of the Florida Keep Green Association as a part of a national Keep Green Assoc- Association in the United States, which is connected with the prevention of forest fires. {NS} I was responsible for {NS} having the our county and surrounding counties uh join the fire prevention uh council. And limi- and have eliminated uh done a great deal to eliminate forest fires in the S- in Saint John's County and in the north Florida area. It's the singular thing I {NS} that my my parents Minorcan parents were people who use had a lot of cattle. And they use the f- the free range in Florida, they would let their cattle range anywhere, even though they didn't own the land. And there was a practice then to burn the woods every year. {NS} And so, as an example in this a- in this county, seventy-five percent of the forest lands in this county have over three hundred and fifty thousand acres, would burn every year. They would set the fires uh along the boat in um February after the winter cool would kill the grasses, and burn the woods so that the cattle in the spring, in April, would be able to feed on the little succulent grasses that would come up. And that's how the cattle were fed.
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  And that was uh a general practice of the Minorcan people in this area, to all of whom many of whom had large cattle holding. And that's why they fe- that's how they sustained them. Rather than feeding them, uh they'd allow them to graze on other peoples' lands.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
255:  Um well there's many other things. I reckon now I can't particularly recall my statewide connections with uh uh but uh the predominating thing I guess in my l- my uh mature life was uh my contribution to forestry. Uh uh through uh as an example, the when I became chairman of the Florida Board of Forestry, we had one nursery uh possibly supplying oh five million pine seedlings to people over the state. And in recent years, that has grown to over a hundred million {NS} uh seedlings {X} in Florida. And um it was I I received a #1 a number #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
255:  of awards I've forgotten. And honors because of my contribution to uh f- in the various phases of forestry, particularly the prevention of forest fires.
Interviewer:  Hmm, that's very interesting. Oh one uh some other questions I was having uh wondering. Um {NW} {NS} yes your parents' birthplace, where was your mother born?
255:  My mother was born in Saint Augustine. My father was born in Saint Augustine. My mother was born in in nineteen uh eighteen sixty-nine, and my father was born in eighteen sixty-two.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
255:  #1 I #
Interviewer:  #2 Well and # your uh your parents' education? {NW}
255:  My parents uh my mother was a graduate of Saint Joseph's academy, uh high school education. My father had a very limited education, uh through the eighth grade. He was uh a man that uh was uh somewhat s- you'd call self-educated. As I claim to be myself. Uh he was for many many years the superintendent of the water works of the city here. A rather responsible position, {X} which he had the job when he died suddenly in 1915.
Interviewer:  Well wha- what did you say his occupation was, pardon me?
255:  Superintendent of the city water works. In the city. {NS}
Interviewer:  And uh your mother was a housewife?
255:  Housewife all of her life. As I said, she lived to be ninety-seven ninety-six years old.
Interviewer:  Wow. {NS}
255:  Uh mo- my father-in-law is now ninety-seven {NW} My mother was always eleven years older than my father-in-law, they knew each other well. And now um my father-in-law has outlived my mother. My mother was ninety-six when she died, and my father-in-law is still living and ninety-seven.
Interviewer:  {NW} That's amazing. Uh oh yeah, your maternal grandparents I was wondering.
255:  Uh let's see maternal #1 grandparents? {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah what're they're {X} #
255:  Now that's uh um uh Barbara {B} {C: name}
Interviewer:  Now this is your father's side?
255:  This is my father's mother.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
255:  #2 It was # Barbara {B} {C: name} Member of an old Minorcan family. And his father was Jose uh Jose {B} who was born in December eighteen twenty-five. He was a twin. Uh his twin brother, Anthony Domingo {B}, became the first Catholic bishop of San Antonio, Texas. {NS} #1 And that #
Interviewer:  #2 I was # um wondering where was- where is your father's father born?
255:  My father's father was b- born in Saint Augustine in December eighteen twenty-five. And he was a twin. His twin brother, Anthony Domingo, uh who was born of course the same time uh was ordained uh uh a Catholic priest and the Pope appointed him the first Catholic bishop of San Antonio, Texas. {NS}
Interviewer:  Wow.
255:  And in that capacity, he was the owner of the Alamo. Which is rather uh interesting and odd. {NW} And he sold the Alamo {NS} to the state of Texas. {NS}
Interviewer:  That's interesting. That's amazing. Oh, your father's father was born- I mean, was born here. Uh where was your father's mother born?
255:  My father's mother was born in Saint Augustine. She was a {B}. Her her father was a Domingo {B}. He was a local native person here of Minorcan extraction.
Interviewer:  And uh your father's mother's education, how far do you think it-
255:  Uh very little, I'm sure. I don't know. I'm sure it was very little. You see, my y- my father's you see my father's father, see he was born in eighteen twenty-five and it was only limited educational facilities here at that time.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And her occupation was a housewife?
255:  I'm sure it was, I I my father's father owned cattle. He was a cattleman.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh your father's father, what- how far did his education go do you-
255:  Very limited, I'm sure. I don't know.
Interviewer:  And uh his occupation, did you say?
255:  I'm sure it was a cattleman is what I'm pretty sure. Farmer, cattleman. He lived uh just outside the city limits on a farm area.
Interviewer:  Now, how far- you were telling me about your- your ancestry, how far back it went. Uh
255:  Well, I don't know on my father's side. {NW} You see, uh uh my father's grandfather well, I was just told he was born the noon of December eighteen twenty-five as a twin. His father was Fransisco {B} the second. {NW} And {NS} his then- then F- then Fransisco {B} the first, which was his- his father, and my great-grandfather, was the Fransisco {B} who came from New Smyrna and led the Minorcans to Saint Augustine. He was married twice. His first wife he had four children by his first wife. {NW} And uh then he was married a second time and he had nine children. And that second marriage, my great-grandfather was Fransis- Fransisco the second, and one of those nine children. So my, my the- on my Pellicer side it goes back uh to the original in- individual who came here that Fransisco {B} first, who was born in Alayor, Minorca. A-L-A-Y-O-R. And he came with the original Turnbull colony to settle in New Smyrna as one of the members of that colony. {NW} Now I have his background on my- on my chart. I believe it goes back to fifteen hundred and uh in Min- Minorca and then Spain. I know his father and his father's father. And if they wish to have that, I can give you a copy of it. {NS} {NW}
Interviewer:  Yes, I think well, I'll possibly. One thing I forgot to ask #1 you about, #
255:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  your mother's mother, uh where was she born?
255:  Well, my mother's mother was a {B}. {B} A French lady.
Interviewer:  Uh, she was born in France, huh?
255:  She was- well no, no.
Interviewer:  {X}
255:  My mother's mother, which would be my grandmother, was born in Saint Augustine. But her mother and father, my great-grandfather on my mother's side was born in France. Both of 'em were born in France. They came to this country and landed in Charleston, and eventually came to Saint Augustine and met and married. {NS} And she was a {B}. She was a {B}.
Interviewer:  Is that the same as a {B} {X}?
255:  Just about spelling the same. I guess it was a French name, I understand. {B} And she married {B} who was also French. And then they uh were married in Saint Augustine, {NW} and then, course my grandmother on my mother's side was one of their children.
Interviewer:  Um do you happen to know their education?
255:  I'm- uh I I don't know, but I'm pretty sure, quite sure, that my gran- my uh great-grandmother who was a {B} must've been quite well-educated. Because she was uh one of the leading
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  {NS} uh women in Saint Augustine during the Civil War {NS} on the southern side. And she was uh uh because of her French connection, she was uh in a special category, and when the Union soldiers came here, they respected her greatly. They they didn't touch her her land or her house- household affairs or or bother her in any way. Because she {NS} uh appe- was o- was on the protection of Fra- France. {NS} And {NS} her she was uh she operated the boarding house here. And uh uh from all accounts, from what I've heard, she must've been a rather well-educated woman. I don't know {NS} what her education was. {NS}
Interviewer:  That's amazing. Uh so and then your your mother's mother, uh she was somewhat educated or very well or?
255:  Uh my mother's mother, I don't know what her education was, but it was very probably uh the local schools here. She was born and raised here, she went to the Catholic school. And I know no reason why she would not have graduated from high school. I don't know, but certainly not beyond that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And her occupation was uh
255:  I have no idea, except that she was a housewife.
Interviewer:  And uh, let me see. {NW} How did they cover all these? Um you have to bear with me.
255:  {X}
Interviewer:  Um your mother's father.
255:  All right. His name was Justo {NS} {B} J-U-S-T-O.
Interviewer:  And uh he was born in Saint Augustine?
255:  Uh he was born in Saint Augustine.
Interviewer:  And uh his education was about?
255:  I'm sure it was limited because I knew him personally, and as I re- regarding he didn't, he was a very practical man, but he uh he didn't appear as a young now he died when I was twenty. Cuz I {X} put while I was already working in the bank when he died. He died in this as a matter of fact, he died in my arms. And uh he was uh I- I was close to him, but he did not have the appearance of a very well-educated man. Although he was very practical. Or he would uh so interested in astronomy and the stars and oh would uh enj- enjoy predicting the weather. {NS} And uh uh talked very intelligently, but uh I- I don't believe he was he uh if he got a high school education, it would certainly not be more than that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. That's interesting uh {NS} and his occupation?
255:  Uh he was a farmer. {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Farmer.
255:  He was a farmer in all of my young life, and so he must've been a farmer earlier than that. He had a- uh there was what they call the {X} he owned the old ferry place, which was across the river. Which is now the San Lorenzo Cemetery, the Catholic cemetery. He sold that part of his land to the Catholic church for a cemetery in eighteen eighty-two. {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. That's interesting. eighteen eighty-two. Uh let's see, oh and {NW} your spouse, your wife. Uh, her age y- you happen to recall?
255:  She was born in nineteen eight, she's uh s- uh she's sixty-nine years old, her birthday's the twenty-fourth of January. Next January she will be seventy. {NS}
Interviewer:  She's a Roman Catholic?
255:  She's a Roman Catholic. Born in Louisville, Kentucky.
Interviewer:  And uh her education, how far does that go?
255:  Uh she uh graduated from the Saint Joseph's Academy here, and went to uh uh Kentucky uh to uh oh {X} a college I {X} skips me right now. It's in uh Bartstown, Kentucky. A Catholic college there, run by the sisters. {NW} {X} I I can't remember the name of the college, and she's not here now.
Interviewer:  M- does she belong to any social organizations?
255:  In Saint Augustine, my wife?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  Yes, she belongs to many social organizations here. Many of the Catholic organizations. But she's a member of the Women's Exchange. Which is very prominent uh service social organization. She's a member of the Flagler Auxiliary. Flagler Hospital Auxiliary. She's been head of a number of uh Catholic social- Catholic service groups, which are serving the cathedral here in the way of the Altar Guild a lot particularly. She was chairman of the Altar Guild for a number of years.
Interviewer:  Let's see, uh {NS} are there any prominent things in the community that you could uh happen to think of off hand, any festivals or anything like that? Anything particular about this community that sets it off, apart from another #1 community? #
255:  #2 Why yes # there's been many things. That's exactly one of th- the big things that I participated in and my wife participated in also was what they call the Ponce de Leon Celebration. It was usually held in April of each year, and went back to just after the turn of the century. I participated in the nineteen seven as a young Indian boy. And again in oh uh, it did happen but every two three years. I know in 1927 I was uh then twenty-seven years old, and I was chairman of the finance committee for the Ponce de Leon Celebration of that year. And my wife was one of the uh on several occasions, the ladies in wai- member of a lady they would elect a queen. And then she would select ladies in waiting, and my wife participated in those celebrations on two occasions that I remember as members of the queen's court. I also, the- the- they would elect a Pon- someone to represent Ponce de Leon, and someone to represent Menendez. It was the fountain of the city. And then they would have their court, and also ride horseback. I was a member of several of those courts different years. And we'd dress in costume and ride horseback.
Interviewer:  Hmm. Amazing. Okay. Oh one thing I'd like to also have you do, uh I don't know if if you're {NW} if you'd like do it or I do it, you could explain it to me, but it's better if you could. Uh have a sketch your house, this is just sort of like uh it's sort of a sociological thing that we're doing. Just to understand where you live because the people from {X} can't really uh
255:  It would be better #1 to give you a #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: page on} #
255:  picture of the house, I would think, I #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Well, I'd # really just need like a floor plan, you know.
255:  All right, we can do that, but I don't want to do that right now.
Interviewer:  Okay, we'll do that later.
255:  Um
Interviewer:  Okay. #1 Uh #
255:  #2 Uh # let me tell you a little something else about my my wife that uh should be contained in this information, I'm sure, because it's rather unusual. Um her family came to Saint Augustine in nineteen seventeen, and her father was connected with the Florida East Coast Railway, he di- and up to the time he retired in nineteen seventy he was a chief finance officer of the Florida East Coast Railway. And he had his they had five children, and two of Catherine's brothers are Jesuit priests. {NS}
Interviewer:  Hmm.
255:  One is a missionary in Belize, which is u- used to be British Honduras, and now is Belize. And the other is a a teacher at u- at Saint Louis University. Uh they have been in the order more than t- twenty-five years now.
Interviewer:  Hmm. That's amazing. That's good. Well that, I think that would be use- pretty much tha- oh and um okay, well then we'll probably get right down to the questions. And I'll just ask you a few different questions, and you can just respond to to whatever you're used to. And uh {NS} it's- they're very, they're very simple little questions here. {NS} Uh {NS} let's see. {NS} to get this little sheet of paper out {NS} {NW} {NS} Okay uh {NS} {NS} now um do you- what would you have um a different name for a similar thing at a factory that, well I mean for a {NS} there was a- a thing where smoke goes up. {NW}
255:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  You know? In a factory, you have these things sometimes, and at homes you have them.
255:  {NW} Oh uh {X} well they called it plant. I've heard a thing called a plant many times. Uh a laundry plant or uh uh uh
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  {X} That's an expression that's been used #1 many #
Interviewer:  #2 What's #
255:  times.
Interviewer:  what's also- what's the name of the uh the structure where smoke goes up?
255:  Smokestack. {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  Or chimney.
Interviewer:  Great. Um {NW} now, um the open place on the floor in front of a- um fireplace, what would you call?
255:  Hearth.
Interviewer:  Yeah. That's what I'm trying to- do you happen to know of any
255:  Hearth or hearth. Hearth, I guess.
Interviewer:  Well, where'd you hear the name hearth from, sir?
255:  Well, I've heard of it many times {X} have it referred to as a hearth in front of a fireplace. And I would think perhaps it should be a hearth.
Interviewer:  Well, it could be pronounced either way #1 {D: and we best} #
255:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  interested in how you
255:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  in what you heard. Um {NS} now there's- in the fireplace there are things that you lay the wood across.
255:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  What do you call those?
255:  Andirons.
Interviewer:  Um what would you call the place above the fireplace, where you might uh put an ornament or a picture? Like that?
255:  Mantle. {NS}
Interviewer:  Um the big, round piece of wood with bark on it that you would burn in the fireplace?
255:  Oh well, fire log or log.
Interviewer:  What would you call the kind of wood that you would use to start a fire?
255:  Kindling.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of it- any use- uh by any other names? Minorcan names?
255:  Uh {NS} Lighter knots. That's unusual.
Interviewer:  Lighter knots?
255:  Lighter knots. And that's uh something you pick up in the woods that has uh a concentration of turpentine in it and burns very quickly. And they call lighter knots.
Interviewer:  Wow. Is that Minorcan or is that?
255:  Well I- it could be, because I've heard it in my childhood days many times, and I've never heard it outside of Saint Augustine. But you would, you'd hear that expression not much now, but many times you'll uh well I'm going to uh- the woods to pick up some lighter knots.
Interviewer:  {NW} Amazing. {NS}
255:  And I would think {X} you'd spell L-I-G-H-T-E-R K-N-O-T-S, I imagine. {NW}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  Lighter knots.
Interviewer:  Uh did you ever hear it referred to as chippling? Or anything like that?
255:  What?
Interviewer:  Chippling?
255:  Chippling?
Interviewer:  Yeah. Someone else referred to that as
255:  #1 chippling. #
Interviewer:  #2 Chippling. #
255:  Chippling. No.
Interviewer:  Okay.
255:  No.
Interviewer:  Um {NW} what would you call the black stuff that the smoke might leave in the chimney?
255:  Smut. Soot or soot. I'd say s- the expression I've heard it called soot. Spelled S double O T. Soot.
Interviewer:  That's good. Um there was uh, let's say if there was a fire and {NS} uh everything burned down, what would be left?
255:  Debris.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And uh what's also left after you burn wood?
255:  Charred remains is what or {NS}
Interviewer:  Well
255:  #1 I've heard the #
Interviewer:  #2 something #
255:  expression, but I can't #1 recall {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah, it's sort of like # fine dust.
255:  Yeah, I've heard the expression. Uh, what that would be but Oh I can't think right now.
Interviewer:  Okay. Oh, for the tape, I mentioned this before. What am I sitting in?
255:  {NW} You're sitting in a a very comfortable uh chair made of bamboo and with ample cushions. {NS}
Interviewer:  {NW} It is very comfortable. Um what do you call the long piece of furniture that uh uh there's several names I what do you call the long piece of furniture that went with a horsehair set in the- in the best parlor? {NS}
255:  Sofa.
Interviewer:  That's good. Uh {NS} What other type what other types of things were similar to that? {NS}
255:  There are other names I've heard, but I can't recall now. Uh {NS}
Interviewer:  That's okay. {NS} Uh the piece of furniture in your bedroom that has drawers in it, and that you put clothes in?
255:  Uh chest of drawers is what uh you'd refer to it uh or to be rather expressive.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay. Did you ever hear of any um of an old-fashioned piece with any other names?
255:  Yes, let's see. {NS} Oh dear. {NS} I don't know. I can't recall.
Interviewer:  How about um a bureau or a chiffonier?
255:  Bureau, many tim- oh yes bureau, that's a very common name, bureau.
Interviewer:  Or a dresser?
255:  Dresser, exactly. I've heard those, too.
Interviewer:  Uh chiffonier? #1 Or chiffo- #
255:  #2 Chiffo- exactly # I've heard that.
Interviewer:  Chifforobe?
255:  Chifforobe, yes, I've heard that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh the thing I was talking about earlier, the types of things that you would have in the parlor with a long piece of furniture,
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  do you ever hear of it referred to as a lounge?
255:  Oh yes.
Interviewer:  A couch?
255:  A couch, oh yes. Certainly a couch, yes.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. A Chesterfield or Davenport? {NS}
255:  Well that would be more or less expressing the type of
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  the type of thing it was. Davenport, I would think. Uh I know you would not ordinarily call a sofa or {NS} uh a Davenport unless it was made by some in some special way, I would think.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
255:  #2 I don't know. #
Interviewer:  And it uh Chesterfield?
255:  Same thing would apply to that I- I don't know how that would be
Interviewer:  Uh the room where you sleep in is called?
255:  Bedroom.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} Um the okay, what would you call these uh chairs and tables {NS} and sofa w- what name would you call these, all these things here?
255:  Furniture. {NS}
Interviewer:  Um
255:  Furnishings. Furniture, that'd be more expressive.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} The thing hanging at the window uh to keep out the light, {X} Yo- you sort of pull it down, you know. You'd say I better #1 {X} #
255:  #2 Shade. # Window shade. {NS}
Interviewer:  Great. A little room off the bedroom, uh to hang up your clothes in?
255:  Alcove. {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Um there- you happen to know of any other names, you know or little place you open up a door and you hang your clothes in there and Yeah.
255:  Yes I have {X}. It's uh a walk-in closet. {NS} Or if it has a door, but if it's an alcove, just a little alcove without a door, a closet would be a place where you would shut the door, be able to shut the door.
Interviewer:  Uh if you didn't have a a built-in closet, what would what might you have? {NS}
255:  I know what you're referring to, but I uh I can't recall the name for it right now.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a- a wardrobe?
255:  Exactly, yes. That's exactly what I was thinking of.
Interviewer:  Uh I heard they used to have those, that was the first type of uh closets they had down here.
255:  #1 I guess so. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
255:  You see, they would not that would be like a corner, in the corner of a room {D: light}. You'd have a an arrangement that'd be a wardrobe. {NS} It would be to keep the dust off the clothes, and then close the be able to close it up somewhat.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. They also call it a- a wardroom or a clothespress or a press or a
255:  No, I wouldn't think so, but
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {D: Amore- um} {D: Armoire.} {NW}
255:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: Armoire.} # Um room at the top of the house, uh just under the roof what would you #1 #
255:  #2 Attic. #
Interviewer:  Uh the room that you would cook in?
255:  Kitche- Kitchen.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Now, they used to have ones that were removed from the houses
255:  Detached kitchen, we had one when I was young.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. You ever hear that referred to as a porch or a cookhouse?
255:  Well, uh I've heard it uh referr- uh uh we you have a porch like a my house where I lived as a very young person on {X} Street, you went out of the main house onto a porch and then into the detached kitchen.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} You ever hear of it called as a kitchen house or a stove room?
255:  I've heard uh cookhouse, but that'd be more like you'd find that in the woods, like uh uh I mean uh farm place, not in a in a city. Although many city houses when I was young had detached kitchens. Course as I understand, the #1 detached #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
255:  kitchen was in case there was a kitchen was uh would more easily be considered a fire hazard and the- they'd try to have it away from the house. I understand to save the house, in the event it caught fire, you could might put it out.
Interviewer:  {X} What do you call the little room off the kitchen where you store canned goods and extra dishes?
255:  {NW} {NS} We had one of course there's two in the kitchen
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of it called a buttery or a pantry or?
255:  Pantry. {X} Sure, kitchen pantry.
Interviewer:  #1 Or a kitchen closet? #
255:  #2 {D: That'd be very} #
Interviewer:  #1 Or say #
255:  #2 Kitchen # closet or kitchen pantry would be very descriptive.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. A safe?
255:  Hmm?
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear it referred to as a safe?
255:  Oh yes but that would be something entirely different. We had we had a safe, when I was young. Uh it would be a piece of furniture, it would have closed doors, you'd keep the the uh chinaware and the silver and all in the safe, sure.
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  We had one. Kitchen safe. {NW}
Interviewer:  Um what do you call a lot of old, worthless things that you have, about to throw away? {NS} You know, that you have around that you're just about to throw away.
255:  Well, you don't mean the rubbish, that would be that would be uh sort of uh not very good. You could have old clothes, that'd be uh oh I don't know another uh name for that would be but be- be a little bit above rubbish, I would think.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} That's good. You were looking for all the terms, #1 as many #
255:  #2 Yeah #
Interviewer:  you can think of. Uh what would you call a room that is used to store odds and ends in?
255:  Side room. {NS} It's in the side room. That's an expression I've heard. {NS} Put it in the side room.
Interviewer:  That's good. Um {NW} Now what would you uh be doing if you were sweeping the floor? Or let's say like if every day yo- you were working and you're {NS} uh {NS} doing some daily housework, or a woman might be doing it and you would say, uh you know, every morning get up and you
255:  #1 Cle- #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
255:  Clean the kitchen.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
255:  Clean the dining room. {NS} Or sweep the dining room or sweep the kitchen. {NS}
Interviewer:  And, like if you did it around the whole house, like you know get up in the morning and straighten everything and
255:  Do the housework. {NS} Are you going to do the housework this morning? And my wife would say, I do housework every morning. {NW}
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear it referred to as uh tidying up or?
255:  Yes, that's an expression I've heard but I I wouldn't be using that very much, I don't think, tidying up. Tidy- Tidy up the front room, we have some company coming. that's- that's true.
Interviewer:  Or you ever hear other words uh for the expression {D: reds up or rids up}
255:  No. No.
Interviewer:  Okay. What would you uh sweep with?
255:  A broom.
Interviewer:  If the broom is in the corner, and the door is open, you would say the broom is where, compared to the door?
255:  Hanging in the closet.
Interviewer:  Now, let's say if this- this room was let's say if that door over there uh were open, and it had a broom in back of there.
255:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And the door were just opened
255:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
255:  They have a broom closet.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Right.
255:  Then they'd be in the broom closet.
Interviewer:  But if I put a- if I put a broom on that wall there, and I open up the door, where would the broom be? Or let's #1 say if I {X} #
255:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Beg your pardon?
255:  Back of the door, I imagine, but I don't
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  that would be uh just an unusual arrangement.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  {D: But I don't know what} #1 it is. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # Uh years ago on Monday, women um usually did their? What would they usually do? {NS} On Monday. {NS}
255:  {X} {NS} Monday is cleaning day.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And wha- what type of
255:  Or wash day. In olden times.
Interviewer:  And uh right {X} that's exactly what we're looking for. On Tuesday what would she do? Usually. After she
255:  Well in olden days when I was a young child, Monday was the wash day. Maybe Tuesday was ironing day. That's- I know that happened in my house.
Interviewer:  What might you call um {NW} both washing and ironing together? {NS} The whole process.
255:  Washing. Doing my washing. Was that w- it may not include ironing.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. The place in town where a bachelor uh might have his shirts done?
255:  Laundry.
Interviewer:  How do you get from the first floor of a house to the second floor of a two-story house? {NS}
255:  Go upstairs.
Interviewer:  Uh would you use any different terms for those inside the house and those outside?
255:  You mean if steps are on the outside?
Interviewer:  Yeah. {D: Theirs goes up the outside}
255:  I've never had occasion that that was never in my setup.
Interviewer:  What is a porch outside the {NW} #1 {X} #
255:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Oh be- beg your pardon?
255:  Piazza.
Interviewer:  And you had a #1 {X} #
255:  #2 Well # I'm gonna sit out on the piazza.
Interviewer:  What would you call a little porch, just uh just over a door, something like that, you know that's on second story or something like that?
255:  {X} There's uh there's many houses have wido- widow's walk widow walk.
Interviewer:  Where's a widow's walk?
255:  Uh widow's walk, is that what house in New England they had houses with uh uh uh wi- that came out in a little {NW} {X} and they wait facing the sea and but if they came out on the widow's walk looking for her lost husband.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Did they ever have any around in Saint Augustine here that you'd happen to know?
255:  What? Wi- #1 Widow's walk #
Interviewer:  #2 Widow's walk #
255:  Y- yes, they had a few. I saw a few as I recall now, on {X} Avenue. I don't think that any exist now. Maybe one or two in town. {D: But there isn't many of them here}
Interviewer:  Did- had you ever hear of a place, let's say if you had a two-story house, and it came directly out from the two-story house. You know. Like if yo- if you had a door, and you could open it up and just walk right out on it.
255:  Yeah. Um well, that's just porch. That's what we call it. Upstairs porch. {NS}
Interviewer:  Oh, can you have a porch on more than one floor?
255:  Yeah, you have an upstairs porch and a downstairs porch. {NS}
Interviewer:  If the door is uh is open and you don't want it that way, you would tell someone to uh do what with the door?
255:  Close the door. Sh- Shut the door. Either one.
Interviewer:  What would you call the boards on the outside of a house that overlap each other?
255:  Clapboards.
Interviewer:  I see you have a- a few of them here.
255:  That's uh uh that's not uh those are that type of construction's called uh {NS} or French lat- I don't know. I don't know what that- I forgot. But that's many houses were built that way, that's built of fourteen inch cyprus. {X} {NS} {NS} Very few houses are built of fourteen inch cyprus.
Interviewer:  Hmm. And that is that's that- #1 {X} #
255:  #2 {X} # of Cyprus. Oh
Interviewer:  Wow. Let's see, if uh, if you were doing some carpeting, {X} if you were doing some carpentry, uh nailing in a board somewhere, you would say, I took a hammer and I? {NS}
255:  Drove a nail or I drove a nail is certainly the the expression. I nailed it up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Okay, uh and if you wanted to take that nail and it didn't get far enough in, you know, and you're hammering at it, and it got to be uh and then you would say, you might say, it's got to be what further?
255:  Uh you mean, you wanted to pull it out?
Interviewer:  No, if- if it's not just if it's not in further, and you have to you have to #1 take something #
255:  #2 All right. #
Interviewer:  to make it go in further,
255:  I'd nail it ti- uh nail it tight. I've heard that expression many times, nail it tight.
Interviewer:  What would you call uh the little things along the edge of the roof that carry off water? You know if you, #1 {D: wanted to} #
255:  #2 Gutters. #
Interviewer:  What was that name for it?
255:  Gutter.
Interviewer:  Oh. {NS} What would you call a little building that is used for storing wood and tools?
255:  Toolshed. Woodshed. Either one.
Interviewer:  What do you call um
255:  We used to have an outhouse. When I was young. #1 It was #
Interviewer:  #2 That was # my next question. {NW} That's great. Do you know any joking words you have for that?
255:  Oh many, but they're Let's say I don't {X} offensive, repeating.
Interviewer:  Well, it's okay. It's- it's quite all right.
255:  Well I think {X} an outhouse is the main thing and
Interviewer:  If you had troubles and were telling me about them, you might say, well, um blank troubles, too. You know, like if you were telling me, uh if you had a lot of problems and troubles, and well, let's see i- no yeah if you were telling me you were having {NS} let's see if y-
255:  Pain #1 and illnesses you #
Interviewer:  #2 wait no #
255:  mean? I don't know #1 what it is. #
Interviewer:  #2 If uh #
255:  problems
Interviewer:  Well, if you had a bunch of troubles and you were telling me about them, you might say uh like you fill in the blank in the sentence here. Well, blank troubles, too. Well, you know. Blank troubles, too.
255:  I can recall {NS} a many a person in this town who have all sorts of statements to fill in that thing.
Interviewer:  #1 Well, we're just looking #
255:  #2 I don't know #
Interviewer:  for like an expression #1 or {X} #
255:  #2 Yeah I'm just I'm # trying to think of an expression that someone would use. I would say, and I have many other troubles. But {NS} uh I- I wouldn't I- I'm not able to respond to that. I don't know. {NS} {NS} {NS} {NS}
Interviewer:  Oh, let's see. Did you- here's another one of those, you know, fill-in-the-blank type things. Did you ever uh blank that noise? Like if there was a noise I would say, you know uh or you might say, did you ever uh blank that noise if it occurred. {NS} {X} There's a natural-
255:  Of course, the natural thing that I would say, did you ever he- did you ever hear that #1 noise is what #
Interviewer:  #2 Right, right. #
255:  But uh, I would may use different expression. {NS}
Interviewer:  And if I ask you uh let's see if I ask you if you know a person, you might say, no, but I blank of him.
255:  Heard of him.
Interviewer:  Right. {NS}
255:  Oh but I've heard of him, that'd be a common expression, yeah.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} If a friend came back to town, and another friend, had been visiting him, you might a- you might be asked, haven't you seen him yet? And you might say, no I {NS}
255:  Read that again, let's #1 see {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay if- if # a friend came back to town and another friend had been visiting with him you might say, haven't you seen him yet? And you might say, no I
255:  have- I haven't run into him.
Interviewer:  Right. {NS}
255:  No, I haven't run into him. {NS} And then you might say, {NW} then you might be asked, hasn't your brother seen him yet? And you might answer, no {NS} like you know, if- if I went up to you and said hasn't your brother seen him yet? And then you might say, no, {NS} I something else after that. Well I might would might say if it's somebody that you might not want to see, n- no, he hasn't been around. Uh because if you'd be seeking, it'd be a different thing. But if he ha- he's coming to town, would he come to see you, no, he hasn't been around. That would be said when the chances are he won't be around, either. Because they're not too close.
Interviewer:  That's good. {NS} Oh if something you do every day uh do you do it frequenc- uh if something that you- that you do every day, do you do it frequently? And then you might say, yes, I? Let's say like uh if you were out in the garden and working out there or something like that. And I would say, uh and you'd completed your work and I'll say, uh then I would say um have you- or have you finished with the work? And then you'd say- what would you might say? I have? {NS}
255:  That's my yes, that's my daily job. That would be an answer #1 to that question. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  Uh {NS} if you were performing an action, uh {NS} see w- if you're working out in the, let's see {NS} let's see, we're looking in here for a word. {NS} I think we've already covered that {X} {NS} Okay, if I go up to you and y- and I ask you does your brother like ice cream? And then you might reply, yes, he? {NS}
255:  Well, that could be answered a number of ways. Yes, he devours it. But that would be {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay, well let's say if I ask you another question. Uh, or I say something like you don't smoke cigars, but he? {NS} A f- form of uh do. {NS} And here {NS} form of verb to do.
255:  He's a chain-smoker.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
255:  Which is the case. I don't smoke, but my brother does.
Interviewer:  {NW} Yeah.
255:  It's ca- and it's causing serious trouble, too. {NS}
Interviewer:  If a man lets his farm get all run down and doesn't care, you might say to someone who asks, I really don't know, but he just blank to care.
255:  Too damn lazy to care. {NS} {NW}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Or you might say uh {NS} if you can give him his choice, he will tell you that he blank which one you give him? {NS}
255:  Read that again.
Interviewer:  If you can give him his choice, but he will tell you he blank which one you give him? {NS} That doesn't sound {NS} okay I'll- I'll give you another uh example. If your son is in school, but pays no attention to the teacher, you might think that he just blank to care? {NS} Or just blank care? Like if your son's in school and he doesn't #1 pay attention #
255:  #2 Well, uh # I would hate to say too dumb to care, or just too lazy to care.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NS}
255:  Doesn't doesn't {X} care, doesn't
Interviewer:  Or, you know, you just blank he just
255:  #1 Too lazy. #
Interviewer:  #2 Like you # might say he just blank care.
255:  Just too lazy to care.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
255:  Or is too dumb to care. {NS} I'd hate to think my son was #1 was too #
Interviewer:  #2 Let's say # if we would say uh your son probably isn't that way.
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  It's just a, you know.
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  I realize that.
Interviewer:  {X} {NS} Uh if you don't think uh if you don't think so, {X} {NS} Oh wait a minute do you, right {X} {NS} do you know of any other words for uh do you?
255:  Do I know of any other words for the expression do you?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
255:  Would you. {NS} I really don't know, I don't- I don't use that expression.
Interviewer:  Yeah {X} {NS} Let's switch to the {X} {NS} If you had been discussing with a friend of yours what you might do with him, {NS} uh you would say I {NS} like if you were saying, like if you had been discussing with a friend of yours like, oh I'm going to go out fishing with that person. Uh {NS} you might go up to 'em and say, well I was just?
255:  I was just fooling. {NS}
Interviewer:  Or uh if you were the action of discussion discussing, what would you say? Different words for that.
255:  Kidding.
Interviewer:  Right.
255:  I was just kidding.
Interviewer:  Or if you were seriously gonna go out there, then you were just? Uh
255:  If it was seriously, I I was {NS}
Interviewer:  And uh {NS} okay this is side two that we're on, and we've just finished off with uh number thirteen point five, and now we're on thirteen point six. That's just for the tape. {NS} Okay um {NS} okay if I were to say, okay here's another one of those fill in the blank things. Uh {NS} if I was talking about a certain person, and I would say uh like I was questioning for instance, uh {NS} like uh the motives of a certain murderer, and I was saying, you know I can't understand it, I can't understand why he goes about and does these things. What makes uh what {NS}
255:  What are your intentions?
Interviewer:  No what like if I were to say what compels him, wh- wh- what #1 what what other expressions #
255:  #2 oh what- what is the motivating force? #
Interviewer:  Yeah, or something uh something a little bit more simple than that.
255:  Yeah. {NS}
Interviewer:  #1 Now, let's say #
255:  #2 What is his # uh what is his reason.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
255:  What is his motivating reason.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What would you say #1 {X} #
255:  #2 Why does he # why does he {NS} why does he follow that tactic. {NW} {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} And then I would say uh if we're unsure {NS} about who murdered that person, and we go up and and a- a lot of people, they would be thinking about it we would say people think that {NS} {NS}
255:  Couldn't if it was a suspect. People people think that he did it.
Interviewer:  Right.
255:  People think that he {NS} he sure did it. {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay.
255:  And everything points to him doing it. {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay, I don't know what type of house this is but uh what type of house is this is it- oh let me see well, forget about that. Uh {NS} {NS} the sort of buildings that you uh what sort of building do you think you might have on a farm? {NS}
255:  It should have uh a barn. I lived on a farm out at Hastings for four or five years when I was a youngster. We had uh we had our f- um main house uh we had a outhouse we had a barn we had a pigsty and we had a a help house.
Interviewer:  What's a help house is w-
255:  For the well because men lived in away from the farm they'd- their families {X} Tom, I know Tom very well, he he had his wife and a bunch of children and he he had his house
Interviewer:  What
255:  near the barn.
Interviewer:  wha- what {NW} what would you say is the plural of house?
255:  Houses.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um the buildings that you would store corn in is called a?
255:  Bin. Corn bin. {X} You would have a corn bin, surely. Hayloft. {NS} Or a stable.
Interviewer:  What do you call um a building or a part of a of a building where you store grain? {NS}
255:  Grain house. {NS} Corn corn crib is what we uh that's the really the only grain we stored was corn. Corn grain, and we'd call it a corn crib.
Interviewer:  Uh w- how would you describe those be?
255:  You mean the size or what?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  Um oh it depend upon we had cat- we had milk cows and horses and we had a large barn, a very large hayloft, and a large corn crib because we had several horses and and there were milk cows.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} Um the upper part of a barn is called a? What would you call the upper
255:  Loft. L-O-F-T. Hay loft, mainly. That's the always the case. Be drier up there, you see.
Interviewer:  Are there any other places where you might store hay in the barn?
255:  Well, you'd st- if you had straw for the th- you put straw in the i- in the horse stables. And uh we'd collect straw and have it, but it's different from hay, they that'd be something they would be not eating, they don't eat straw, they would use that for to sop up the the moisture that would occur in a horse stable or cow stable.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. If there was too much hay gathered uh #1 to get in the barn #
255:  #2 You could bale it. # You- we we baled hay a great deal in- in bales. Like if you store that downstairs because that didn't have to be uh hay loft is {X} you have to have so air can get through it.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
255:  And if you had a d- a bale that was not necessary. You could store baled hay anywhere.
Interviewer:  And how is it kept outside, I was wondering.
255:  Well the- we had uh haystacks uh that uh we would {NW} when we- we would have hay and someone we would have uh {NW} pulls up and pack hay round it and put a little uh canvas top over it uh over the top.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  Which would generally keep it dry, as a- as it weathered, the rain would would- would shed rather easily.
Interviewer:  How would you say is the- the shape of that pile?
255:  Uh
Interviewer:  #1 like stack #
255:  #2 it's it's # it's a haystack uh uh {NS} a conical shape. {NS} We had a pole to you set a pole up and you pile the hay round, start piling it at the bottom and build it up to {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  ten, fifteen feet. {NS}
Interviewer:  Wow. {NS} Wha- what is the cart that you use to bring the hay {NS} called, you know
255:  {NW} Uh {NS} {NW} well we had a wagon of course, a hay wagon. a hay uh hay rack. If it- {NS} sides, up the side. The- we'd when we'd go for hay of a regular wagon, {NS} we had staves on uh we put staves up on each side {NS} so as then you'd pile more hay on it, of course. {NS}
Interviewer:  {NW} {NS} What would you call the- the thing where it has four poles a sliding roof on it? Sort of like a portable structure, the thing is. You know, the small little thing. And you know, you put
255:  {NW} #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 you put hay in there. #
255:  but I can't think of the name right now.
Interviewer:  You ever hear of it referred to as a rick or Dutch cap or a haycap?
255:  Well, I- no that's something you wouldn't find out in this area #1 for those #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
255:  terms. That would be a term I've heard in Pennsylvania. I took a uh the American Forestry Association met in penta- Bristol Pennsylvania, we went on uh a hayride.
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  {X} and I've
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  heard that term expressed up there {X} {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh when you first cut the hay, what did you do with it?
255:  Oh that you- you'd leave it in the fields to dry, and then you'd uh uh go every day and turn it over and let it dry, and then then when it was when it was matured, you'd you'd bale it or hold it in the barn. And you had to have {NS} no rain then, had to have good sunshiny weather to cu- cure hay was the {NS} the term we used.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  They had to cure before you could put it away.
Interviewer:  Do you know of any names for the small piles of hay that were raked up in the field? {NS}
255:  No. I don't recall. {NS}
Interviewer:  Where do you, uh did you ever hear that referred to as a shock? Or a
255:  No.
Interviewer:  haycock or tumble or doodle?
255:  That's not common names in this area though, I'm sure.
Interviewer:  A heap, a coil, a rickle or mow?
255:  You might get that in Georgia.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
255:  #2 You hear those terms in # {NS} backwoods Georgia. {NW}
Interviewer:  Yeah I could understand that. {NS} Where do you keep your cows? If you know, if you had a cows {X} You know any special name for that?
255:  Uh we had a cow barn, we had a horse horse stables in the cow barn. {NS} The funny thing we'd call the where we kept the horses stables and kept the where the cows in the cow barn. {NS}
Interviewer:  Well what'd you uh say if there was like a a special little shelter for them to get in when it was raining, was there any? You know.
255:  Uh let's see, I've forgotten what you call the name of that, but there is a name for that but I can't recall it. {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  I was very young when I was on the farm. When I was I went out there, we were moved to the farm when I was four years old and left there when I was eight. Four years on the farm. {NS}
Interviewer:  What do you call the place where you keep your horses? {X} We've already gone over that #1 {X} #
255:  #2 Horse stable. #
Interviewer:  {NS} Besides the barn, {NS} uh {NS} did you ever have a special place where you would milk the cows outside? {NS}
255:  No, we milked the cows I remember right, well I used to milk cows and we'd milk 'em in the right where the feeders, see you would have a you'd have to feed the cow while you milk 'em {X} And uh they the the the bins where they'd were set up and you'd bring the cow in and put the feed in there and then milk it.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
255:  Milk while she was eating.
Interviewer:  Amazing. Besides the barn, did you ever hear did you ever have a special place where you would milk the cows outside? Wait, we've already asked that.
255:  No, and I don't
Interviewer:  Pardon me. {NW} I'm just- I'm
255:  We- we
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
255:  #2 we uh # occasionally you'd milk a cow outside,
Interviewer:  Right.
255:  where you pick a bucket of feed and put down in front of her. But as a general rule, you only did that when uh was something the cow barn was too full or you had too much manure in it or something.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Um
255:  Too wet. Something like that.
Interviewer:  Where do you keep your hogs and pigs, when you have 'em?
255:  Pigsty. {NS} That'd be- that would usually be set apart from the from the barn.
Interviewer:  Did it have a shelter, or was it open?
255:  No, open, as a general rule. Oh, it- it'd have t- ours I can see it right now, we had uh uh pigpens and we'd have old tin in a corner where they would come get out of the rain.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  But you do- you didn't worry too much about hogs. {NW}
Interviewer:  That's what I figured.
255:  Protecting hogs, they sort of protect themselves.
Interviewer:  Where did people used to keep their milk and butter uh before the the days of refrigeration?
255:  A spring house they'd have uh as a rule, but that's that's not the- you'd have that mainly in {NS} in uh in hilly country, where they have uh springs, you don't have many springs here. {NS} Uh at least it would be just like artisan wells. And {NS} you don't have a {NS} place where you could {NS} go down {X} we never had one, we never had a spring house I know of.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {X}
255:  {X} Yeah, we kept butter and um we- we made butter uh from the cream and uh we'd keep it in a cool place. Uh my mother used to worry about that, keeping it cool not yet too hot. {NS} Spring house would have been very nice if we at least had a nice, cold spring #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
255:  but
Interviewer:  You didn't have too many springs around here, #1 did you? #
255:  #2 No. # We had a few springs, if any. {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NS} Um {NS} what other uh meanings would the word dairy have?
255:  What other meanings would the word #1 dairy? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # Di- where did you uh, you know.
255:  Uh dairy farm You wanted the meaning?
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
255:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
255:  #2 What about the expression? #
Interviewer:  Yeah, that's one of 'em. Uh what about the place where it's processed and uh uh you know {NS} sent out from there. You know, where they send it to the stores. {NS}
255:  You see you uh now if you were dealing up in New York state where the milk country up in the dairy farms, uh you'd d- it's entirely different in this area, we never had this was not a great dairy area.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  Uh up there they collect milk and then uh y- go around, but here they never did that. You'd uh you'd have just your dairy for your own use your own family use.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  And the- if uh there were some {NS} well, if a person had forty fifty cows he'd have a day he'd deliver milk. And that would be a special thing I have I really don't know, I never
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  lived on a dairy farm.
Interviewer:  Oh, where did you where then would you store uh potatoes and turnips in the winter? I was wondering.
255:  I either put 'em in a in a bed uh y- uh bed 'em particularly sweet potatoes and and things you'd you'd put 'em- dig a hole uh not too deep for- you don't want the water you'd sort of put up on the surface and cover 'em over the mound of dirt. We did that to sugar cane and we did that to uh {NS} to potatoes. Sweet potatoes. {NS}
Interviewer:  Hmm. That's interesting. Um
255:  Irish potatoes you'd put 'em we put 'em under the house. {NS} And they would uh that type of Irish potato, we'd do you couldn't keep very long, anyway. They'd rot in six or eight weeks. {NS}
Interviewer:  What do you call the place around the barn where you might let the cows and the mules and the other farm animals walk around? {NS}
255:  Barnyard. {NS}
Interviewer:  What would you call the place where a uh you let them go out to graze? {NS} You know, the area where they went out to graze.
255:  Well you see in uh as a rule well I c- we'd have uh yes {NS} uh {NS} go out to graze in the field's what we'd call it. They'd go where we have gr- uh hay growing or gr- young grasses growing. And you'd have uh have it sectioned off where uh to where this week they'll be in this field, and the next week they'll be in that field. So as not to stamp it out. {NS}
Interviewer:  Yeah so with the sectioning, I was wondering uh what type of fencing did you have in there?
255:  Barbed wire. Barbed wire fencing.
Interviewer:  Was it always fenced?
255:  Well uh mainly the barbed wire, that was the cheapest way to put a fence in. Barbed wire has spikes on it, and the cows will stay away. Had to have {D:toothy} strands of barbed wire will
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  will be a r- effective will will hold cattle. {NS}
Interviewer:  All right, here's a question that sort of uh pertains to the area. So we're trying to understand the geography. Uh did you ever raise cotton? {NS}
255:  No, we never raised cotton on our farm, and uh just if anybody raised cotton out in the Hastings area where our farm was, that was just something to be uh just to fool with. Just to experiment with. Not as a crop.
Interviewer:  Whe- where was the Hastings area, that's interesting.
255:  Hastings i- eighteen miles from here, that's a farming area in this county.
Interviewer:  Eighteen miles due west?
255:  Due west, that's
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  I'd say Hastings is called the the uh early Irish potato section.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  The Hastings area is well-known all over the country.
Interviewer:  You raised potatoes out there?
255:  Irish potatoes, yes. They raised oh they would plant twenty-five thousand acres of potatoes. {NS} {X} it's called an early potato.
Interviewer:  Mm.
255:  It has a- it won't keep like the Idaho potato will keep as a dry potato. {NS} The {NS} you'd grow 'em- well they grow to maturity in Idaho and they {X} but over here they dig 'em and uh puts- they plant 'em in uh l- January and dig 'em in April {NS} and uh {NS} they're about {NS} sixty percent water. And then uh {NS} they don't dry out. And because they are so have so much water in 'em, they won't keep. {NS} And you got to {NS} they've got to sometimes potatoes will rot within two three weeks. {X} {X} {NS}
Interviewer:  That's amazing. {NW} I never- I never knew that before. {NS} D- what do you call the grass that grows up uh um what would you call the grass that grows up uh that you didn't want? You know, around here. Let's say if you were raising those potatoes. {NS}
255:  Crabgrass is uh a type of {NS} tantalizing grass that would grow to {NS}
Interviewer:  I was wondering, did you happen to know uh of any of the type of grass that may have grown in a cotton field or any- that di-
255:  No. #1 I don't #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-kay. #
255:  know crabgrass.
Interviewer:  Yes. {X} {NW} Cotton and uh let's see {NW} {NS} Um the cotton and corn uh would be grown in a what would you say, what area?
255:  Of course cotton and corn would be growing in a field.
Interviewer:  Right.
255:  But they uh and they grow a lot of corn in this area, but they would grow no cotton. No commercial cotton farmed here at all, I know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What things would you say uh let's see w- tobacco would be also grown in or it would be grown in a what?
255:  {NW} Uh {NS} well in a fiel- tobacco doesn't grow in this particular area. We don't plant {X} When I was president of the rotary in 1942, {NS} our rotary club {NS} I was instrumental with a mister {B} who was a tax collector. I was starting a five-acre
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  tobacco farm, to see experimentally {NS} to see if uh we could do something with it that would encourage other farmers to diversify from potatoes and cabbage, and try to grow some tobacco here. And so we had a farm, we got us tobacco farmer from Georgia and we struggled with it uh he turned out to be drunk most of the time {NS} and let the worms eat the tobacco and so we didn't have much of a crop, but we did it for three years. It cost the rotary club considerable money. {NS} Uh we didn't make much out of it but in the final analysis, we proved the point that you can grow tobacco, but you need a capable manager for one thing. And we sold our tobacco. We went over to the {X} market, and followed the experiment all down and wrote a paper on it. And uh that was one of the things that I was trying to do as during my time as president of the rotary.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  And uh {NS} uh wasn't too successful, but it it proved the point.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  At least the- the few the I mean tobacco could grow in this area, if properly handled. Properly managed. But we- we proved that point.
Interviewer:  What would you call uh things that were growing in a patch?
255:  Potato patch. The the we ca- the- the cornfield, let's see the the uh uh {NS} sugarcane patch. That we'd certainly call that a we- cuz that was just grown for uh almost family use and we were taking uh take the corn, haul it over to our relatives who lived close to our farm where we would {NS} grind the cane and the all the neighbors would get together on sugar grinding. And they would make uh make uh syrup {NS} out of it. Sugarcane syrup. {NS}
Interviewer:  That's amazing. Uh what kind of fence what kind of fences uh do you have around the yards and the garden? {NS}
255:  A picket fence. Uh would be uh an expression. And uh or barbed wire fence. Particularly if you wanted to keep uh cows out but if you wanted to keep pigs out, you have to have a a very secure fence, cuz they they will get you have to have a little uh a holdfast.
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  Which is quite different from a barbed wire fence they keep cattle in. {NS}
Interviewer:  Can you make any uh other kind of fences out of wood? {NS} Or you know are there any other kind of fences you could
255:  {X} uh yeah fence posts and but you'd use wood for that and then a picket fence would be the mainly thing you'd use around the residence you wouldn't use that around a farm, as a general rule. We had a picket fence around our house on {X} Avenue where I was born.
Interviewer:  Uh what would you um call the kind of fence that's made of split rails, and they're laid in a zigzag fashion. {NS}
255:  You would have very few fences like that uh they would call uh that Abraham Lincoln uh was famous for uh the what do they call that type of fence uh I'm trying to think of the term now. Can't think of it we had very few of those here. Only occasionally you would have 'em as an orn- orn- ornamental. Uh s- s- what do what do the term for that I just has {D: passing} me now, I can't think of it. {NS} A split-rail fence, I guess. Split-rail. Split-rail fence.
Interviewer:  Um what would you and you said a form of this, but I'm looking for the singular. {NS} When you set up a barbed-wire fence, you must dig holes for the what?
255:  Fence posts.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And what would be the singular of that?
255:  {NW} A- a fence post.
Interviewer:  Right. {NW} {NS} Good. Uh what do you call a fence or a wall made of loose stone rock that you might uh remove from a field?
255:  That you'd never do that in this area because we don't have that type of stone uh fence here. But it would be uh mm oh I don't know. I've seen many of those fences in Pennsylvania. And many of 'em in Virginia and other places. A rock fence, I don't know what they call 'em. We don't have none down here.
Interviewer:  {NW} Okay, now on a farm again uh dealing with um chickens, I don't know if you if you know too much about that, but I'll ask you a few questions about it. If you uh want to make a hen start laying, what would you put in her nest to fool her?
255:  China egg. We'd say that all the time, we had a lot of chickens.
Interviewer:  What would you use to carry uh to carry water in?
255:  Bucket. Pail.
Interviewer:  Would it be made out of uh wood or metal?
255:  Outta a wooden bucket, you'd say a wooden bucket. A pail would be usually a- a tin pail. Galvanized iron. But you'd say uh get the woo- {NW} uh get the wooden bucket. Hold the water in the wooden bucket {X}
Interviewer:  Well what would you carry uh milk in? I was wondering.
255:  Oh pail, a milk pail or
Interviewer:  Uh what is it made out of? That'd be galvanized metal or plastic or tin?
255:  Probably be made out of tin uh um or galvanized tin would be galvanized bucket {X} you'd try to get a galvanized bucket if you could. That'd stand up better than tin.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What sort of container would you use to carry food uh to the pigs? {NS}
255:  Well you- the term was you slop the pigs when you're gonna feed 'em, you slop 'em. Uh {X}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  I would probably say uh feed the pigs {X} {NS} well now I- I didn't slop the pigs yet, I haven't slopped the pigs yet.
Interviewer:  So what would- what would the bucket #1 you know, that special bucket be called? #
255:  #2 And uh he would have a # {NS} And and and that {X} the word we'd use for anything else was a swill bucket. The- you feed hogs swill.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
255:  That's the we'd {X} of course we had to feed 'em corn, too. Cuz they'd have enough swill to from the- the family swill is {X} sufficient feed the hogs we'd have to give 'em grain. {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh {NS} What do you fry eggs in? I was wondering. {NS}
255:  Skillet. {NS} Frying pan. {NS}
Interviewer:  What is-
255:  Saucepan.
Interviewer:  What is it made out of? {NS}
255:  Well it's made out of uh cast iron a great deal. And uh the- now you make 'em out of aluminum and you make 'em out of {NS} uh {NS} unusual metals. But when I was young, you had frying pans outta cast iron.
Interviewer:  What did you say those words were? Uh different words for that frying pan?
255:  Frying pan. Skillet. Saucepan. {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh how about if yo- if you had one with legs and an old fire-
255:  Ah, that's uh that's a oh dear we got one. {NW} Got one right now. {NS} Uh I used to use for camping. You- oh dear, can't think of it right now. {NS} There's a name for that, a common name. {NS} Ba- uh {NS}
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of it referred to as a spider or a creeper?
255:  Oh yes, a spider. But that's not the word we use down here. We never called it a spider, we called it something else. {NS} I wish I could think of it. {NS} Ba- uh {NS} uh my- my wife would know. {NS}
Interviewer:  Hmm. {NS}
255:  Spider, yes. I've heard of spider. {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh
255:  Bake uh some kind of oven see {NS} Go ahead, {X}
Interviewer:  {NW} What about uh something big and black that you would that you had put out in the backyard. That you um might use for heating up the water to boil your clothes? {NS}
255:  {NW} {NS} Well we had {X} big pots was used to boil clothes in, we'd boil clothes and then taken had a uh uh we'd beat clothes to- on our- on our block. Uh and tha- that was a regular thing. Take the clothes out the hot water put 'em on there and beat 'em and beat 'em and uh put 'em back in water and then rinse water and then put 'em right on the line. {NS} And the same pots we'd use for what we'd ca- for hog killing. When we would kill hogs, we'd use the- those pots to keep the water in. To dump the pig in before you took the hair off of its back.
Interviewer:  Hmm. #1 {X} #
255:  #2 You'd kill #
Interviewer:  {D: Oh, you're kidding} #1 you'd kill it. #
255:  #2 you'd kill it. # And uh then when you really time you'd kill it, you immediately had the water hot. You'd put it in a in the hot water, the boiling water, and for a certain length of time. And then you'd put it on a table and we'd immediately grab the hair, pulling the hair off it.
Interviewer:  Huh. Did you ever use that uh for boiling potatoes?
255:  Oh, you'd boil potatoes for the hogs, yes. We used to feed 'em
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  boiled potatoes for hogs and then- and cook in it. Uh we would uh they could be kept clean of course, cleaned out. And we'd cook uh uh oh our {X} would be cooking {NS} uh ho- uh potatoes sweet potatoes Irish potatoes uh cook 'em a certain amount before giving 'em to the hogs. {NS}
Interviewer:  Hmm. That's interesting. What would you call the container that you that you plant some sort of flower in it or uh keep in the house? {NS}
255:  {NW} I know that, I know many names for that, but I can't think of it.
Interviewer:  You can just put- sometimes you put water in it, #1 you know and you put flowers in it. #
255:  #2 Sure, {X} # {NS} I can't think of it, but we've got several eight, nine.
Interviewer:  Yeah, and right here. {NS}
255:  A planter.
Interviewer:  {NW} {NS} What are the eating utensils that you uh you set at each plate uh when you're setting a the table for supper.
255:  Knife and fork and spoon. What do you mean, you'd ca- what do you call 'em?
Interviewer:  No, that you'd you've just said the right ones. Uh if you had sort of several steaks, and it wasn't very tendered, you might have put some uh put you might have put steak
255:  #1 Sauce. #
Interviewer:  #2 what on that? # On that.
255:  Steak sauce or tenderi- uh uh there's uh {NS} accent they use, but course that's a modern thing. We never did that whe- when I was young we you would have steak and it was tough, you'd just chew it.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What about the utensils that you'd use for uh the special utensils for that.
255:  For for for frying a steak or #1 what? #
Interviewer:  #2 No no, for eating it. # You know. {NS}
255:  Oh you have a plate
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
255:  And and silverware.
Interviewer:  What would you use to cut the steak with?
255:  You'd use a a knife. Course. #1 We've got a sharp #
Interviewer:  #2 I mean what's a #
255:  knife.
Interviewer:  What's the plural of that, I was {NS}
255:  Course the plural of knife is knives.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Say if the dishes are all dirty you would say it's almost supper time, before we can have supper we have to?
255:  Wash the dishes.
Interviewer:  Right. Right.
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Yep {NW}
255:  {X} my mother-in-law she used to of Germany said- she would always say wash. You have to wash the- wash the dishes.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
255:  #2 Or # wash the clothes.
Interviewer:  That's interesting. After- after you wash the dishes uh she might do what with the water? You know she might #1 blank them #
255:  #2 Scald 'em # or scald the dishes with hot water {X}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. But what would you do uh sh- then she would blank them with clear water? {NS}
255:  Rinse.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  Rinse 'em.
Interviewer:  What's the plural of that?
255:  Well, I don't know {NS} Uh you wouldn't use the plural very much but uh there's uh go- you'd have to go through a series of rinses
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Right. {NS} Uh what would you call the cloth or rag that you might use in washing
255:  dishcloth.
Interviewer:  What would you call the cloth or rag that you would use in drying dishes? {NS}
255:  Towel. Dish towel.
Interviewer:  What would you call the small square or terry cloth that you would use to bathe your face?
255:  Wash rag.
Interviewer:  After bathing, what would you use to dry yourself off with?
255:  {NW} Towel. Bath towel.
Interviewer:  What would you tur- um what would you- what do you turn on at the water pipe of a kitchen sink?
255:  Faucet. {NW}
Interviewer:  Hmm.
255:  And in the country, we had rainwater uh cistern and tha- there was a pump in the kitchen, it was connected with the cistern to- you'd use rainwater sparingly to wash clothes with and wash dishes with because there would wouldn't use as much soap. It was easy on soap. The other water out- came out of the well uh it was hard. {NS} You'd have to have {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What would uh what terms do you um would you use for other things um like that out in the yard, where you would attach a garden hose or where the firemen would hitch up a firehose?
255:  Hydrant. Faucet.
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  Pump. That
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  well well, you'd have to use a you'd hitch a hose to a faucet.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What would you call um if you're working out in the field, and they've brought water out in a cart or wagon, uh what would that water container be called?
255:  Bucket. I remember now that uh when a when the field when we were digging potatoes would have oh a dozen or so extra hands. There's always a water boy coming down with a dipper and uh and a bucket and they- they would all use the same dipper
Interviewer:  #1 Oh, that's interesting. #
255:  #2 take a drink of water. #
Interviewer:  Did you ever have something that you uh could turn to to get the water to run into uh into your dipper or uh cup?
255:  Turn to? What do you mean? I don't- say that again. Didn't understand.
Interviewer:  Like, you know the little thing that gets the water to to drip into your cup or #1 Well, I think we've already #
255:  #2 Spigot. #
Interviewer:  yeah
255:  Faucet. {NS} The water spigot.
Interviewer:  {NW} Mm-hmm. {NS} It was um {NS} Okay let's say that {X} that it was so cold last night that our water pipes?
255:  Froze. {NW}
Interviewer:  And then if they freeze so much, what do they usually do sometimes?
255:  They burst.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} Um people used to buy flour in a what? {NS}
255:  A f- flour to make bread?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  In a sack. Flour sack.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  I used to have flour sacks used to when I was little, I'd make my underwear out of uh Gold Medal flour sacks.
Interviewer:  {NW} {NS} That's interesting. Um and oh uh let's say a larger containing container where you know, it'd be really big. And it's round, made out of wood.
255:  Oh hogshead.
Interviewer:  No was that what's it called?
255:  Well they that something uh the- that's a big container. Like a barrel. Half of a barrel. {NS}
Interviewer:  And what's that called again?
255:  Barrel.
Interviewer:  Oh no, you used another term.
255:  Oh hogshead.
Interviewer:  Uh something that you might have to roll off a wagon or a couple of logs or boards? You know the the thing that you would use uh you know
255:  I mean you put something down in the back of a wagon so as to roll things down and then
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  And- and the uh oh I forgot what you {X} {X} {NS} It's been a long time since that has happened.
Interviewer:  What did uh molasses come in when you uh okay what did molasses come in when you used to buy it um on a fairly large quantities?
255:  Uh {NS} well that way I have never experienced cuz we had our own molasses syrup. I know when I was on the farm and when you bought it in um
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  bottles that really see we put our own s- syrup in bottles.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  And uh sealed it with a cork.
Interviewer:  Is there was a- a type of uh sugar syrup they used to make, too? Cane s-
255:  Yeah, yeah they made sugar out of cane sure they served brown sugar, they made and uh {NS}
Interviewer:  What about um the lard? You know, what if if you bought some lard w- in a large quantity, what would that come in?
255:  Uh well uh a lard can or let's see lard see wh- when I was young when we killed hogs in November, every November we killed hogs. And uh we would make lard to use and we'd have lard big large lard lard cans that we'd put it and use it all during the year. Uh for for uh seasoning and and frying {X}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
255:  Lord help us now, I wouldn't have that now, it'd kill me if I eat that
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  hog's lard.
Interviewer:  Did you ever call those containers a stand?
255:  No. {NS}
Interviewer:  What would you use to enable what do you use to enable you to pour water into a narrow-mouth bottle? {NS}
255:  Huh. {NS} {X} my uh I'm lost.
Interviewer:  {X} {NS} Uh well let- do you ever hear of it called a funnel?
255:  Sure, that's what it is.
Interviewer:  Okay, and what about a tunnel?
255:  A tunnel, no. Not a tunnel, but a funnel.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NW} What do you use to urge your horses to go faster when you're riding them in a buggy?
255:  Buggy whip.
Interviewer:  If you brought fruit I mean if you bought food let's see {NW} if you bought fruit at the store, the grocer might put it in a?
255:  Bought fruit? Uh you might put it in of course he'd put it in a bag or a basket depending.
Interviewer:  Yeah it was uh right. Uh {NW} how is a fairly large quantity of sugar packed? {NS}
255:  Sugar bar- they'd put it in a barrel. Or uh I've heard of sugar barrels.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. About- let's say about fifty pounds of flour you know and those type of things.
255:  It'd be- that'd be in a sack. Flour sack, as a general rule. {NS}
Interviewer:  You never heard of any other terms for it? Huh
255:  No.
Interviewer:  Like uh a poke or a meal sack?
255:  Well, you get that in some backwoods areas of Georgia, again I say you might get a poke. I know I've heard it. I know what that expression is, but we- I'd never heard it used in our house.
Interviewer:  What do you call the bag or a sack of potatoes uh that are shipped in? You know, the strong bag you know made out of that type of a weed.
255:  He- uh hemp. Hemp.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  Uh they uh {NS}
Interviewer:  What was the whole bag called?
255:  Of course we- when we were growing potatoes we shipped 'em in a barrel.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  And now they ship 'em in in uh uh aerated uh potato sacks. I don't know what it's called.
Interviewer:  You ever hear of it uh re- um talked as a burlap sack?
255:  Yeah. I've heard of burlap sack
Interviewer:  Coffee sack?
255:  What?
Interviewer:  Coffee sack?
255:  No.
Interviewer:  Um How about a crocus sack?
255:  Crocus sack, yeah {X} I've heard well that term, yes. I've heard that term all my life. I know exactly what a crocus sack is.
Interviewer:  {NW} And uh ever hear of a a guano sack?
255:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um {NW} what would you call the amount of corn that you might take to the mill at one time to be ground? {NS}
255:  {D: Counted weight} I don't know we never take corn to a mill to be ground.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about the amount of wood that you uh can carry? {NS}
255:  Armful. {NS}
Interviewer:  How about yeah right.
255:  Hmm?
Interviewer:  Good. {NW} Um when the light burns out in an electric lamp, and you put in you put in a new what?
255:  Bulb.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh the- what about the two terms, you know with the the di- the thing that they have. You had part of it, but the two terms for the {X} {NS} Or what, you know
255:  Or you'd screw a bulb in a socket
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Okay. {NS} When you carry the washing out to hang it up on the line, you carry it out in a what? {NS}
255:  Hmm. {NS} Washtub. {NS} That's what we- lots of time we carried {X} Have to w- you'd have your washing and you drain the water out of it, and and you got to clothes dry and you wanted to take them out to hang 'em up, you put 'em in a washtub and they'd be taken out hang 'em on a line.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What runs around the barrel to hold uh the wood in place? {NS}
255:  Well the wood is barrel staves. We know the staves. We used to make barrels that way. And you gotta uh we'd have {NS} barrel hoops. Hoops. {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh what do you put let's see where are {X} Um the musical instrument children play, and it's sorta held like this.
255:  {X} {NS}
Interviewer:  Um what would what about something that you would hold between your teeth and pick with your fingers and it would twang sorta {X}
255:  Jew's harp. {NS}
Interviewer:  Um what do you pound nails with? {NS}
255:  Hammer. {NS} Claw hammer. {X} claws on the back of it. {NS}
Interviewer:  If you have a wagon and two horses what is the long, wooden piece between the horses?
255:  The uh what the singletree goes across the back. Tongue. {NS} That's the tongue.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  And there's a singletree attached to each horse's poles. {NS}
Interviewer:  Um if you have a a horse pulling a buggy before you hitch 'em up you would have to back 'em in between the?
255:  Shafts. {NS}
Interviewer:  The steel outside of a- of a wagon wheel, what would you call that?
255:  The uh I don't know, I- I really unless the rim. I don't know what else you'd call it. {NS}
Interviewer:  What would you #1 say #
255:  #2 Oh yes, # there's a name for it, I don't {X} I'm just trying to think now. Blacks- I remember in the blacksmith's shop making 'em. No, I don't know. But it will can't think.
Interviewer:  Um {NS} Did you- {NS} okay uh did you ever hear the term felly?
255:  What?
Interviewer:  Felly?
255:  Filly?
Interviewer:  Felly.
255:  #1 Uh I don't know a #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
255:  felly, but I know a filly is a small horse.
Interviewer:  Did you never heard of that steel rim being called a felly?
255:  F-E-L-L-Y?
Interviewer:  Yes.
255:  No.
Interviewer:  Um okay um {NS} the next one. {NS} {NW} {NS} Now on the uh on the wagon you would have two horses, and each of them has a singletree.
255:  #1 That's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 What would you # call the thing that both hi- horses are hitched to, in order to keep the horses together?
255:  Uh {NS} Double I forgot. But I don't know {X} {X} I can't think. {NS}
Interviewer:  Do you ever call it a- a doubletree?
255:  Double- well no. Uh #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
255:  Double what, another name maybe.
Interviewer:  What about a double singletree? {NS}
255:  Double singletree. {NS} I guess uh i- it it would have to uh be uh double- double singletree, probably what it'd be.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  That would be more expressive, we'd know what you're talking about now.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} Uh if a man had a load of wood in his wagon and he was driving along you would say he was doing what?
255:  Hauling it. Hauling wood.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Um suppose there was a long or suppose there was a log across the road you would say, I tied a rope around it and blank it away and blank it outta the way.
255:  Hauled it away.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh what about {NS} if uh you let's see the oh I'll ask you another one. We have blank quite a few stumps out of here with mules and chains. What would you say? You know. If you have a stump in the ground,
255:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  and you tie it in there
255:  Yeah we've done that, I've seen that done many times with clearing. Uh yanked it out or hauled it away {X}
Interviewer:  And if you pull it across the ground, and as you're pulling it across w- what are you doing to it?
255:  You're hauling it.
Interviewer:  Yeah and it- and it sorta like uh {NS} like as I- I pull this pencil across there. And it's- it's doing something along the ground. What is it doing? {NS} You know. It's uh
255:  This is s- {D: really don't remember} uh tra- track.
Interviewer:  Hmm?
255:  Well, there's haul, but I don't know what else you would say. {X} no well
Interviewer:  Um {NS} okay w- the I'm looking for {NS} the past tense of drag, okay? {NS}
255:  #1 He drug it across, #
Interviewer:  #2 I #
255:  #1 that's what I've heard some #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah {NW} #
255:  people say. I don't think I would say he drug it across.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh you know {X} #
255:  #2 I'd say he {X} # {X}
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  He drug it across.
Interviewer:  Okay good
255:  #1 Oh yeah, he drug it- #
Interviewer:  #2 that's the distinction we're looking for. #
255:  yeah he drug it, but I wouldn't say that.
Interviewer:  Okay great. Well what- what do you {NW} what do you break uh the ground with with in the spring?
255:  Plow.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  Plow or furrow.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. From what do you- what kind of things do you do later after you you know, you get ready to plant? What do you do to the ground after that?
255:  Turn it over.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  And then you uh uh put it in the groves.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Do you happen to know the kind of uh things that you if you're on a hill? You know with plowing? {NS}
255:  {X}
Interviewer:  Yeah. How that works?
255:  No. We- we don't do that. You couldn't- and this is not hill country. You'd uh you'd have to {NS} I've seen pictures of that, what they- how they do, but I don't- #1 know what they #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
255:  call it.
Interviewer:  Okay, after you have plowed, what do you use to break the ground up even finer?
255:  Oh a harrow. {NS} Cut it up.
Interviewer:  Any uh names that you have uh for harrows? Any different #1 kinds of names? #
255:  #2 Uh # yeah, let's see {NS} oh gee, I've forgotten the term but there are several names for harrows.
Interviewer:  You ever hear of a spring-tooth harrow?
255:  What?
Interviewer:  Spring-tooth harrow?
255:  No. I don't use tha- I don't use that term.
Interviewer:  What about a gee whiz?
255:  {NW} No, I don't- I don't think so, no. But I wouldn't be surprised {X} descriptive names I know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What is it that uh what is it that the wheels of a wagon fit into?
255:  Spokes.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh the wheels that- there's a shaft it goes right under the wagons that they fit into. They have it on cars also {NS}
255:  Course a tom goes between the
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
255:  The two horses on a two horse ride, or shafts.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  And um
Interviewer:  What about the the part that holds the two wheels together on the car you know
255:  Oh, an axle.
Interviewer:  Yeah. {NW}
255:  Oh gosh I put axle grease on those many a time. When I was young. {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh what do you call the X-shaped frame that you would lay across uh to chop wood for? {NS} #1 You know, for the {X} #
255:  #2 Saw- # sawhorse? Or or across uh {NS} uh let's see. {NS} Of course a sawhorse is uh one thing. And then something you'd put an X-ing and put wood in to saw it is called a cross saw. Cross we got uh
Interviewer:  What would you call the A-shaped frames that you would use to lay the boards across to make a table for a church supper or something like that, you know. {NS}
255:  A-frame, what do you mean by
Interviewer:  Yeah, they're- they're shaped like an A, you know. Little stands there.
255:  Now I don't know I-
Interviewer:  You'll some- {NW} sometimes see 'em out on the roads here, you know when they when they ever have uh like a warning you know for like when they're working on the sides of the #1 roads #
255:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  they have those little A-frame shaped things.
255:  But I don't know what you'd call it. I don't
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  I might recognize some of the names that others call it.
Interviewer:  Okay.
255:  Like crocus sack. I couldn't think of that, but that's exactly what very expressive.
Interviewer:  You hear that word be- used very much down here?
255:  Crocus sack?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
255:  Oh yeah. Oh yes, that's common, very common.
Interviewer:  Um #1 {NW} #
255:  #2 I got # two crocus sacks out in the barn now, I use it to get oysters in. {NS}
Interviewer:  Um {NS} okay. Um You would straighten your hair with a comb and also a?
255:  Brush.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. You would sharpen uh a razor on a leather?
255:  S- strap, or some people call it a strop.
Interviewer:  You ever hear it used uh very much around here, a strop?
255:  Oh yeah, when I was young I heard that. But a s- strap what I would say. Here's a strap.
Interviewer:  What do you put in a revolver? {NS}
255:  Bullet?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} Okay if I were saying they were using live ammunition, they were just or they weren't using live ammunition, they were just firing blank what?
255:  Blank shells.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. A pl- uh plank laid over a trestle for children to play on? You know, the thing that goes up and down? {NS}
255:  Sawhorse? {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} Yeah and uh yeah right. Do you ever hear of any other words for that? You know, where they go up and down? {NS}
255:  Nope, sawhorse what I always called it.
Interviewer:  Um what do you call a lumber plank fixed at both ends that children used to jump on uh u- that children used to jump up and down on?
255:  Did what- uh you sai- at f- both ends and
Interviewer:  Yeah, it's fixed at both ends and and it was sorta springy and kids would jump up and down on.
255:  Springboard?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Do you ever um let's see, do you ever hear of it called a joggling board?
255:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS}
255:  We use a springboard over when you would dive in the water, use it like a diving board. That's what's called a springboard.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What about when that's a fixed at both ends, you ever hear of one of those?
255:  What?
Interviewer:  Two ends. There was a board that'd be like have two ends that are held together, and the kids would jump up and down.
255:  On uh uh I think I've seen that done but that's s- not a common thing {NS} in this area. {X}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. There might be a plank that is anchored in the middle to a post or a stump. And children get on each end and spin around it. What would you call that? {NS}
255:  Well it's not a merry-go-round but it's a principle of uh uh I can't think of what the common name would be used
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
255:  #2 for the # that's- that's quite that was quite common in playground for children.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear it referred to as a flying jenny?
255:  Yes, sure I have, I certainly have.
Interviewer:  What about a flying Dutchman?
255:  I think even both words is descriptive of that. I think I would recognize it.
Interviewer:  Or a whirligig? {NS}
255:  Yeah. Same thing, I've heard that also.
Interviewer:  {D: Rody horse?}
255:  Yeah I've heard that too.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  I suppose they're all descri- describe that one thing. {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Well let's say if- if these kids are on this uh seesaw, what are they doing? {X}
255:  Seesawing.
Interviewer:  Yeah right. And what you- what was that word you used for it uh you called it a oh see- uh saw- sawhorse, right?
255:  Sawhorse, yes. {NW}
Interviewer:  And uh
255:  Seesawing o- on a sawhorse.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  Now wait a minute, now. Just a minute, now. {X} Seesawing with a sawhorse is a is a something to do do as a {NS} here and across a A-frame go down in, A-frame go down in to hold it up. {NS} We use that as a in building, put lumber on it, you gotta
Interviewer:  Oh, I see.
255:  You'd have two sawhorses put a piece of board, one sawhorse to the other, and saw it.
Interviewer:  Oh I see, so it er two A-frame structures that are holding up one piece of #1 board. #
255:  #2 That's right. #
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
255:  #2 That's right. # That's a sawhorse.
Interviewer:  Um when you tie a long rope on a tree limb and you put it uh seed on it so that the children go back and forth on it, you're making a what?
255:  Swing.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What do you call- what do you carry coal in?
255:  Bucket. Coal bucket.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What runs from the stove to the chimney?
255:  What- oh
Interviewer:  Yeah, if you-
255:  {X} {NW} They uh a chimney pipe.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  Smoke pipe. Smoke pipe. {NS}
Interviewer:  A small vehicle to carry bricks or other heavy things with a little wheel in the front, and two handles?
255:  Wheelbarrow.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What do you call uh I mean what do you sharpen a uh s- uh a scythe on or you know, what do you sharpen a scythe on?
255:  A stone, we call it s- uh uh s- uh well, a certain kind of stone. But it's a stone you'd sharpen the side with.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about- did you ever have one that was made outta wood?
255:  No. No no I'd u- a sh- s- you- something that ma- made out of wood to sharpen something with? No.
Interviewer:  Okay.
255:  Never. You'd have to use stone or a something steel
Interviewer:  What is the thing that you drive nowadays?
255:  Automobile.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. #1 Um #
255:  #2 Um #
Interviewer:  if grease got all over your hands, then your hands are all?
255:  Messy.
Interviewer:  Yeah. It's a form of grease also. The word grease.
255:  Hmm?
Interviewer:  If- if I put-
255:  Greasy or or s- messy. Greasy, yeah, my hands are greasy. {NS}
Interviewer:  If you have a door hinge that is squeaking, what would you say uh that you oughta do for it? {NS}
255:  Put some oil on it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Oh I was wondering about the- we were talking about the stones you know, that you sharpen things on, what about the type of stone that turns round?
255:  Oh yeah, uh grindstone. Yeah, grindstone. {NS}
Interviewer:  What is it that you use to burn in lamps?
255:  Wicks.
Interviewer:  What about uh you know the- the the fuel that you use in there.
255:  Kerosene.
Interviewer:  You ever hear
255:  Coal oil, they call it.
Interviewer:  What might you make a makeshift lamp with a rag and a bottle and kerosene?
255:  Sure.
Interviewer:  You know, if- if you
255:  Stick it in the bottom, then the wick down in the oil and a part of it sticking out.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. #1 What would you call that? #
255:  #2 {X} # {NS} Well, it's the same as a lamp. Which is uh s- it it'd be improvised, if it was just a bottle.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. So you didn't have any special words #1 that you use for that? #
255:  #2 No, I wouldn't # no I wouldn't
Interviewer:  You ever heard it to- referred to as a torch?
255:  A lantern, yes. A lantern or a torch. A torch, yes. Well I would say yes. If you had a bottle uh you improvised a torch. Ye- yeah, you'd do that.
Interviewer:  That's interesting. Do you ever hear of it called a flambeau?
255:  No. But that- that'd be very expressive, I would know what they mean.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Inside the- the tire um yeah inside the tire is called the inner what?
255:  Inner tube.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} If they have just built a boat and are going to put it into the water you might say that they are going to? What with the- what the boat?
255:  Hmm. I know of a {X} we built boats. and and and put 'em in the water. Well, you'd slide it in the water but that isn't the name that I think to put out there. I can't think of the name. Uh
Interviewer :  Okay this is side one. And we've just finished with two point for and now we're on I mean twenty four point four we're now on twenty four point five. Uh let's see we're just talking about um hey we were just talking about boats and uh after you just build them the different things you might do with them. You know when you when you get them in the water.
255:  Caught in the water And I I can't think of the Anytime of watching it {X} I said I cannot think of a better term of launching it unless that launching it be the thing that you want {NS} We built a uh a a colored man lived with us uh all the time uh it was a very {X} colored man. He built He built a {X} so anxious {X} went fishing that same day.
Interviewer :  mm-hmm
255:  row boat
Interviewer :  Okay uh beg your pardon what'd you say?
255:  They called it a row boat that's what we built
Interviewer :  um was there any other type of name that you used for that type of boat or
255:  No they called it a row boat so.
Interviewer :  You ever call it John boat?
255:  no no
Interviewer :  {X}
255:  no that's {X} in Louisiana now
Interviewer :  Okay uh if uh if I ask you when you were going you might say I was blank today.
255:  {X} you ask me when I was going
Interviewer :  #1 yea if I ask #
255:  #2 leaving today #
Interviewer :  Right and then there's a form of go to go and then
255:  I'm
Interviewer :  #1 I was #
255:  #2 I'm # ready to go
Interviewer :  Yea and I was Blanking um was Something today I was
255:  Planning to go today or Preparing to go today
Interviewer :  mm-hmm the you know the jargon form of go
255:  the what
Interviewer :  the jargon
255:  no
Interviewer :  uh
255:  {X} {X} I'm about to go or what
Interviewer :  mm-hmm right uh in the different forms of the of the word go uh then there is uh {NS} let's see uh the action of doing it let's say I I am what today
255:  I'm going today.
Interviewer :  mm-hmm
255:  I'm going today yes I'm planning to go today {NS}
Interviewer :  Yea if he said that he was going to get some uh cake or something like that uh and then said now oh wait you already already said that word {NW} we just ran over that uh if a child is learning to dress himself and the mother brings him the clothes and says yea and she brings in the clothes and she takes the clothes and says
255:  {NS} Put your clothes on for one thing
Interviewer :  and just
255:  Dress yourself
Interviewer :  mm-hmm and if you say uh for instance say you know the mother brings in the clothes and she directs the child's attention to the clothes and she says uh
255:  Now dress yourself
Interviewer :  Yea or she wants the child to see the clothes and say points to him and says
255:  there they are there are your clothes put them on
Interviewer :  mm-hmm and then she says now she brings him up and she has him in her hands and she goes to the child and she says
255:  Here are your clothes {NW}
Interviewer :  If you meet a little boy on the corner and he's afraid of you and you might tell him you're not going to hurt him uh by saying don't cry I
255:  Well I won't hurt you. Don't cry I won't scare you I won't
Interviewer :  If you haven't um If you're having If you're having an argument with somebody and you want to ask him if he doesn't uh see if you're having an argument with somebody and you wanted to ask him if he didn't think you were right about this you would say well I'm right I'm right blank
255:  Don't you think so I'm right don't you think so I'm right
Interviewer :  Uh if someone thanked you for a ride to town you might say don't mention it we blank going
255:  We were going that way anyway We were going over town anyway We were going this way anyway
Interviewer :  If you were talking about the old days when everything was better than it is now you might lean back and say
255:  Good old times
Interviewer :  {NW} and blank the good old days like if I referred it you know to the
255:  #1 those #
Interviewer :  #2 good old days #
255:  those were the good old days
Interviewer :  right {NW} Uh did you ever slam the door {NS} yo if somebody If somebody asks Was that you I saw in the town yesterday? You might say no it
255:  It was my brother
Interviewer :  Or if it was wrong and you say no it
255:  Let's see
Interviewer :  If you said I definitely saw you in town yesterday and you wanted
255:  You are mistaken
Interviewer :  mm-hmm And then if you uh or you might say No it uh blank me
255:  And it wasn't me And that wasn't me {NW}
Interviewer :  OK {NW} {NW} If a woman wants to buy a dress of a certain color She takes along a little square of cloth to use as a
255:  Sample {NW}
Interviewer :  If she sees a dress that she likes very much and is very becoming she says that's a very blank dress.
255:  Neat
Interviewer :  mm-hmm Or she might also use other words {X} If it's very colorful and she thinks wow it
255:  That's a very Nice dress
Interviewer :  mm-hmm and if it
255:  It would look good on me
Interviewer :  Or if it's dainty she might say
255:  {X} That would look good on me I've heard people say that a lot {NW}
Interviewer :  Or like sometimes they would say to a man uh that that that that certain gentleman uh that that the girl and the man are just perfectly matched because he's handsome and she's
255:  Beautiful?
Interviewer :  mm-hmm Or if you might say uh Let's see Getting to know any other words for beautiful? It's sort of a dainty word
255:  Attractive
Interviewer :  mm-hmm It's something with which we use sort of more particular to a women and then not that much a man sort of feminine
255:  It's very {X}
Interviewer :  And then if there was another girl who even looks better than that girl then you might say that she is
255:  Unusually attractive
Interviewer :  mm-hmm But even intensified as as being more pretty she is
255:  She is more beautiful or she is uh she's really handsome
Interviewer :  But uh that is sort of a
255:  handsome is a man's word
Interviewer :  right and then what you would call a woman is a what
255:  Beauty?
Interviewer :  mm-hmm But if she's even more beautiful she is what would you call her she's
255:  I'm lost for words for that
Interviewer :  Mm-kay What might What might you wear over the dress over your dress in a kitchen or like you know your wife she's
255:  An apron?
Interviewer :  right what was that?
255:  Apron {NW}
Interviewer :  You sign your name in ink you would use a
255:  Pen
Interviewer :  mm-hmm. To hold up a baby's diaper you would plate uh. In place you would use a
255:  Pin
Interviewer :  mm-hmm
255:  {X}
Interviewer :  Soup you usually buy comes in a
255:  What? Say that again.
Interviewer :  Soup you usually buy
255:  Soup?
Interviewer :  Yea.
255:  #1 oh. It a can #
Interviewer :  #2 Soup you know in a can of soup # {X}
255:  Uh you mean when you buy it?
Interviewer :  mm-hmm yea {X}
255:  In a can you buy soup in a can
Interviewer :  And uh a dimes worth is
255:  Ten cents?
Interviewer :  Uh {NW} What do you usually drink from the uh from the pump or well?
255:  Water.
Interviewer :  mm-hmm What is the device you use to drink it with?
255:  Cup
Interviewer :  And what's that cup usually made out of?
255:  Tin, tin cup
Interviewer :  What do you uh put on when you go out in the winter time?
255:  Coat. Overcoat.
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm uh that Then you would say uh let's say um I'm like Uh Say I point to a jacket and I say that jacket has fancy what on it uh it has what {X} that jacket has fancy buttons. Like I might say point to your your nice suit and say Your suit has fancy uh buttons {NW}
255:  I don't know. {NW} Fancy buttons and bows is that what you're trying to say?
Interviewer :  Or if it's placed Like if I if I put this pencil on here what am , what am I doing?
255:  you You're putting it on your shoe or your?
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm
255:  Putting, putting on your coat is that what you're trying to say?
Interviewer :  Yea and then so I would say the jacket has fancy buttons where, where they're placed.
255:  On the sleeve {X} On the coat? {NW}
Interviewer :  Sometimes between your coat and your shirt you wear a?
255:  Vest.
Interviewer :  A suit consists of a coat, vest and?
255:  Trousers or pants?
Interviewer :  And what would you call if you're wearing uh what do you call yea that, the stuff that um What do you wear when you're working around the barn or shop and you got these old things that are made out of Levis you know?
255:  Overalls?
Interviewer :  If you're going outdoors in the winter without your coats someone runs up after you and brings it to you and he said and he would say Here I, I
255:  Here's your own coat, here's your coat
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm but he'd say here, you know runs up to you and he, he's got your coat and he's like I've got your coat no coming and then you turn around and you say okay and you turn around and when he reaches you he says here I. He's already completed the task and he
255:  I put it on?
Interviewer :  No he's, he's up to and he say, he hands you the coat and he says here I
255:  Here I brought your coat
Interviewer :  Good {NW} the coat
255:  Here's your coat
Interviewer :  Right The coat wouldn't fit {X} Suppose you had come from work and your wife said uh said about packing uh said about a package lying there the delivery boy from Jones store just you said that
255:  Brought this so delivered it.
Interviewer :  If it were the wrong uh yea if it were the wrong package Jones might call and say please blank it back
255:  Take it back
Interviewer :  Or You've been using the word, form of brought Please
255:  Please carry it back
Interviewer :  Yea but it's a form of the word brought that you just said. Please blank it back.
255:  Take it back? No?
Interviewer :  No, it's a form of the word brought.
255:  I don't know. Is returned?
Interviewer :  Yea but it's a form of the word brought? Okay. It's, it's uh, the present tense of the word brought
255:  Bring?
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm. {NW} This coat wouldn't fit this year but last year it blank perfectly.
255:  It fit perfectly. {x}
Interviewer :  If your old clothes wore out, if your old clothes wore out you would have to bring a or you would have to buy a what?
255:  New suit?
Interviewer :  {NW} If you stuff a lot of things into the pockets it makes them?
255:  Bulky?
Interviewer :  The call um. Let's say. Uh if I was washing and and I was washing in scalding hot water uh what would and I had a collar what would it do you know?
255:  It's welt?
Interviewer :  Yeah. And uh, let's say if I bought a new cotton shirt and I
255:  Shrink?
Interviewer :  Right. And say if the shirt isn't sanforized I hope it wouldn't what? Oh you already said that right.
255:  Oh it would shrink.
Interviewer :  Right. The one {NW} The one I wash yesterday
255:  Shrunk.
Interviewer :  Lately it seemed that every one I have washed has
255:  Shrunk?
Interviewer :  Okay. {NW} When a girl goes to a party to get ready you say she likes to what?
255:  When she goes to a party or gets ready to go to a party?
Interviewer :  Uh when a girl goes out to a party in getting ready
255:  Oh in getting ready she what?
Interviewer :  She likes to what?
255:  Prep?
Interviewer :  Yeah that's good, uh What would you call uh, what do you call the small letter container with a clasp in it that women would carry money in
255:  Purse.
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm. You ever hear it refer to as a pocket book?
255:  Oh yea as pocket book. Then their pocket book or purse. Pocket book particularly I guess any common use
Interviewer :  What does a women wear around her wrist?
255:  Oh she wears a watch or she wears a wristband or she wears a bracelet.
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm. Suppose there are a lot of little things strung up together and you use to go around your neck as an ornament what would these be called?
255:  Necklace.
Interviewer :  And uh if they're, they're at And if they were uh made out of let's say pearls or something like that or some ornamental thing
255:  The pearl necklace
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm. What do what do men wear uh to hold up there trousers?
255:  Suspenders or belt? or belt?
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm. What do you hold over you when it rains?
255:  Umbrella.
Interviewer :  What is the last thing you put on in bed? You, like the fancy top cover.
255:  Quilt?
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm and sometimes uh
255:  Bed spread?
Interviewer :  Right. {NW} At the head of the bed you would put your head on a what?
255:  Pillow.
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm. Do you remember uh using anything at the head of the bed that was about as twice as long as a pillow?
255:  No.
Interviewer :  Okay let's say uh you ever hear of the term used bolster?
255:  Yes I have and uh bolster would be on a uh {X}
Interviewer :  Let's say uh if the bolster didn't go part way across the {D: davenport} it went?
255:  Halfway?
Interviewer :  Or if it went, if it covered the whole {D: davenport} it went, where, it went?
255:  Completely, uh, over, I don't know.
Interviewer :  Okay, uh
255:  {X}
Interviewer :  What do you put on a bed? Let's see we already went over that. What do you call a makeshift sleeping place on the floor that children would especially like to sleep on?
255:  They sleep on the floor with let's say is uh I don't know what Pad?
Interviewer :  Um. Okay let's say we expect a uh big yield from the field because the soil is very
255:  Fertile.
Interviewer :  The flat land, the flat low land on the stream overflowing in the spring and plowed later You know what that'd be called?
255:  Little fertile land or uh
Interviewer :  Okay uh the low lying grass land what would you call that a low lying grassland?
255:  Well in some areas it's called a meadow but uh we don't use that term down here {X} Meadow.
Interviewer :  What about a field that might be good for nothing other than raising grass {X} for hay? {NW}
255:  Sound like dairy, dairy products, dairy land for cattle or what Sound good for rural crops or {X} Grain drops.
Interviewer :  Yeah. Suppose this uh this was some land that went that had Say suppose this was some land that had uh water standing in it for a good part of time what would you call it?
255:  Swamp land?
Interviewer :  Would it be uh, would it be big or small?
255:  Uh it would be a pond if it's small.
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm. And if it was big it would be?
255:  Swamp.
Interviewer :  Okay the place where salt uh where salt hay grows along the sea.
255:  Where what grows on the sea?
Interviewer :  Salt hay grows along the sea.
255:  Salt hay.
Interviewer :  Yea we have um.
255:  We don't have salt hay down here.
Interviewer :  Oh you don't.
255:  We have sea oats and other grasses but not salt hay. Marsh grass we have those.
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm and what would you call that place there?
255:  Marsh lands for the marsh grass grows.
Interviewer :  Yeah and you right you just have some north it here you know there's {D: sut.} Uh what are the different kinds of soil uh do you have in the field?
255:  It varies of course depends upon what the, what the scientific check would be. You check it to find out. But it would be uh Uh. Mucks soil or it would be uh, sandy soil. It would be uh. A number of categories but that's two of them I know.
Interviewer :  Okay let's say suppose it had part sand and part clay in it. What would you call that?
255:  That's uh.
Interviewer :  Would it be called uh just muck soil?
255:  It could be called muck soil, muck lands, muck lands. If it had a lot of muck in it,a lot of clay in it.
Interviewer :  Uh let's say if they're getting water off the marshes, you would say they are?
255:  If they're getting water off the marshes?
Interviewer :  Yea well let's say if uh if the territory around here a little bit higher you know and we, we could uh take the water off the marshes by uh making ditches and stuff like that and digging
255:  and drainage
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm and so what, what would they
255:  But you wouldn't really use the salt marshes here you would want to {x} onto your farm land
Interviewer :  Right okay let's say if you wanted to go at inland here and you wanted to well let's say if you had a pump and you put it in there and you, you, you're {x}
255:  You want to irrigate?
Interviewer :  No you're taking the water out in order to make some nice land what would you be doing then?
255:  Oh, draining it.
Interviewer :  What would you call the thing that you uh {NS} Okay now let's say you could use a pump and you had higher land and uh You would be cutting something there, what would you call that thing that you would cut the ground?
255:  You'd cultivate the land
Interviewer :  Or if if you dug a certain thing
255:  Ditch? Irrigate? Canal?
Interviewer :  Uh. {NW} What would you call a shallow arm of the sea? uh. Let's see a shallow arm of the sea a tidal stream?
255:  Estuary?
Interviewer :  Or a tidal stream.
255:  Uh, well a tidal stream would be a river.
Interviewer :  And smaller than a river?
255:  Brook?
Interviewer :  You ever heard of any other
255:  Stream, called it a stream. Branch. {X}
Interviewer :  What about that narrow bit of water that flows in and out of the tide? What would you call that?
255:  Narrow bit of water?
Interviewer :  Yeah.
255:  Come in a canal but I don't know what else it'd be.
Interviewer :  {NW} A narrow valley cut by a stream of water in the woods or in a field about ten feet deep and ten feet across.
255:  Are you sure just repeat that uh
Interviewer :  Okay but uh a narrow valley cut by a stream of water in the woods or a field about ten feet across and ten feet deep {X}
255:  You're not speaking of erosion.
Interviewer :  Mm. It happens in erosion.
255:  Yea well that the uh Bate? No?
Interviewer :  Let's say uh
255:  Estuary?
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm. Or uh like you know if you're a
255:  Hut.
Interviewer :  Yea if you're up on let's say if it was up on a hill And it was raining very hard and this narrow valley was formed and all this water is flowing down it's ten feet across and ten feet deep and it's flowing down. What is that that kind again what's that making? {NS}
255:  It's making a d- uh well it's a it's a ditch it has to be a ditch to carry water but it's eroding it eroding it And it's uh it's uh not a real healthy thing it's something devastating {NW} It's not good {{NW}
Interviewer :  If there has been a a heavy rain fall and the rain is cut out a can- a canal
255:  Canon? Canal?
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm.
255:  Better. {X}
Interviewer :  And if it's across a road or a field you would call the place a what? {NS} Canal, crossroad.
255:  Not a rivulet
Interviewer :  No.
255:  You mean the result after a thing is over what {X} What would you refer to the
Interviewer :  #1 Yeah. Right. #
255:  #2 result of the #
Interviewer :  Yeah. What did what would leave there a {D: lil}
255:  Well it would read uh uh the erosion what it would be it would be uh Uh I don't know how to express what it would be
Interviewer :  What about uh uh gully?
255:  Oh my goodness yeah exactly that's exactly what it would be a gully that's good I couldn't think of that that's a real gully sir
Interviewer :  What do you call uh a small stream of water? You just mentioned one
255:  Ranch?
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm And uh is there anything similar to that?
255:  A branch, a stream uh plus a river
Interviewer :  What about something between a river and a stream?
255:  A branch, a river, a stream. Creek.
Interviewer :  What about a did you mention a word in here a while ago a rivulet?
255:  Yes I said rivulet.
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm just wanted to make sure {NW}
255:  Yeah. {NW}
Interviewer :  Oh do you happen to know of any uh names for the stream in the in the uh neighborhood around here?
255:  Yes Moccasin branch is the name of uh a creek that goes to Saint John's river it's also the name of a place where I went to school, where I was baptized, it was a Catholic church and we went to eat Sunday the time I lived at {X} We went from and I went to school there every morning uh on my blue wagon me and my, we had it was eight was in our family and uh five of us would be in that wagon going to school in daylight Going from Hasenton to Muscton branch to the Catholic school there and when we would get home at night it would be dark. and there are nine the name of the Muscton branches and the uh the Trup river is another deep uh deep creek that another branch of the Saint John's river and Coast North river, the Tanzes river
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm.
255:  If I can f- {NS}
Interviewer :  Okay on a side one we just finished off with talking uh well in the middle of talking about the neighborhood streams around here and uh Let's see Okay you were talking about the Matanzas river what's
255:  Matanzas river is the name of the river that's from Saint Augustine down to marine land to the south and it was names that because like uh technically the river of blood is where these Spanish uh killed the Rebold and his French settles who {X} Matanzas when Menendez found {X} September the eighth the French tried to stop them and uh they uh were roded by the Spanish at Mayport near Jacksonville they left there and they went down to uh to the end of the island yeah this is a island and nineteen miles long and Menendez found him down there and uh murdered all of them, murdered Rebold, murdered at the French.
Interviewer :  Amazing
255:  And uh he was a they they they called him a {D: tangice} the place where they murdered them was called Matanzas and the river that leads from here to there is called Matanzas river M-A-T-A-N-Z-A-S
Interviewer :  Okay uh what would you call a sm- uh what would you call a very small rise in land?
255:  Knoll
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm Is there anything uh smaller than that?
255:  uh {X} A hill of course but that knoll is a small hill and you might say
Interviewer :  Right what about anything a little bit larger than a knoll
255:  Uh well uh Or a hill certainly larger than a knoll {X} a hilly area like you would be able to Yea Tallahassee which is quite hilly hills hills fifty feet higher and higher
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm what would you call uh the thing on that door over there?
255:  The knob? Glass knob
Interviewer :  Okay what do you call a very large what is something that is a lot larger than a hill? Sort of resembles a hill but it is great
255:  You don't mean a mountain oh yea a mountain sure. We don't have mountains in Florida {NS}
Interviewer :  We sure don't I'll tell you that. Uh the rocky side of a mountain that drops off sharply.
255:  Cliff.
Interviewer :  And up in the mountains where the road goes across the low place you would uh you would call it a what?
255:  valley.
Interviewer :  They also have a uh Thing they called the Cumberland uh north
255:  Cumberland gap.
Interviewer :  You ever heard that word uses very much?
255:  Oh Cumberland gap yes I went through Cumberland gap many times.
Interviewer :  #1 You ever hear that #
255:  #2 I reached from # Washington over to Allen, Pennsylvania through the Cumberland gap
Interviewer :  And what do you also call a place like that?
255:  Like what?
Interviewer :  You you know the gap, yeah
255:  Uh Cumberland that's a very large area um
Interviewer :  A place like
255:  Valley uh Low lands
Interviewer :  Okay now around here I see there's are a lot of places that you have around here uh in the water Or a place where a boat would comes up what would you call that or a boat?
255:  Slip
Interviewer :  Or uh the whole area or a whole bunch of slips are put together
255:  {X} A shoreline
Interviewer :  But uh a whole bunch of slips make up what? {NS}
255:  Port?
Interviewer :  Beg your pardon?
255:  Port.
Interviewer :  Right and uh if there is within a port there is something smaller than a port but larger than one slip
255:  We call uh well some areas call like the shrimp docks we call that's uh shrimp slang around Sebastian river that's the number of number of walks and places where shrimp boats tie up. Docks
Interviewer :  what would you call a place where a large amount of water falls over a long distance?
255:  Waterfall.
Interviewer :  Let's see uh a kind of white, hard paved road like a uh like on the like on the sidewalks around here what are they made out of?
255:  Uh concrete.
Interviewer :  And uh what would you called like the roads around here
255:  Well there made of uh a few of them are made of concrete uh there made of uh uh black uh black top or uh I can't think of the name the stuff the {X} uh I'll think of it in a minute. Black top is descriptive of what it is but it's made up of tar on other things.
Interviewer :  What would you call a little road that goes off the main road?
255:  Could be a trail be a country road {NS}
Interviewer :  Right uh. And like you know some places around here where you go off like I see a lot of the farmers around here I think also in the middle of the state they have um like you'll be driving along a highway and there's there's these little dirt roads that go right off the side there you know
255:  There's dirt roads up there {NS} {X}
Interviewer :  Okay uh you ever of a called neighborhood road?
255:  That's not a common expression here no.
Interviewer :  Uh gravel road?
255:  Gravel road if it's gravel yea.
Interviewer :  Parish road?
255:  What kind?
Interviewer :  Parish road.
255:  Parish?
Interviewer :  Yes.
255:  No that's you get that in Louisiana {X} We have county roads here and in Louisiana the counties are called parishes.
Interviewer :  What about a lane?
255:  A lane yes a lane would be more like in a in a city. Uh you tell a back lane back of a back of houses.
Interviewer :  Or a by path.
255:  By path {NS} Like through a country meadow might be a by path I don't know short road of to somewhere
Interviewer :  Uh suppose to came to a man's farm down the public road and camed a little turn off down to the man's house what would you call that that's specific little turn?
255:  That would be a typical lane take the lane turn off the lane.
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm what the track where you drive your cattle down when you carry them to the pasture?
255:  I did technical name I don't know.
Interviewer :  What about a uh cow pass?
255:  {X}
Interviewer :  You ever you you ever heard of that being used very much around here?
255:  Well {X} No. Cow Pass. Thats like a pass means {X} You take them to the carry them to the field. It wouldn't be expressive calling, honored by calling it a cow pass.
Interviewer :  What are are if it was uh big plantation with a long tree line pathway leading up to the entrance what would you call that road?
255:  I've seen some of those very attractive places in Louisiana um there is one particularly I can think of now Long lane with serve uh nice tress on each side up to the main house I think they were called heritage houses I recall uh I can't think of the appropriate name of that uh other than take the lane up the there's a name for it but I wouldn't know.
Interviewer :  I I saw that you had something right outside of your house here, what do you call that?
255:  Alley.
Interviewer :  Yea and
255:  There's an alley back of my house here.
Interviewer :  Right and where you drive your care up there what do you call that?
255:  Uh well that's that's in the alley {NW} That in the alley {X}
Interviewer :  Uh sometime along the side of the street uh there is something along the side of the street where people walk on you have
255:  Sidewalk.
Interviewer :  Uh {NS} You know of any other terms for that? Sidewalk?
255:  No
Interviewer :  Okay
255:  Sideway that's what I've always called it.
Interviewer :  Uh you're walking along the road and a jog dog jumps out at you And he scares you what you do uh what do you pick what do you pick and throw? What would you pick and throw like if you know if you taking something and that dog was coming at you and you pickup a
255:  Picks up a stick?
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm
255:  If ones handy
Interviewer :  Or if there is something thats more solid than that
255:  Well uh A rock would not be as handy as a stick if a dog's coming at you
Interviewer :  #1 Right #
255:  #2 to you on a # Stick.
Interviewer :  And so if if you took that and you're you're you're doing an action with that what would you do with that with that? With that stick.
255:  Course you would throw it at him or
Interviewer :  Uh if If a say if you um Go to someone's house and he isn't there and they say no he is not
255:  Home?
Interviewer :  Okay. And let's say if you go to uh If you go to visit a I would say if someone came to visit your wife and you met the person in the yard you might say she's {X} Or she's blank in the house blank uh she's Uh
255:  In the yard?
Interviewer :  Okay alright if someone came to visit your wife and you met the person in the yard you would you might say she's blank the house
255:  She's in the house?
Interviewer :  Uh-huh
255:  If she was in the house if she was not in the yard she was in the house
Interviewer :  Uh-huh and Okay right {X} Okay uh talking about putting milk in coffee some people have it Some people like it uh blank milk and other like it uh blank milk like you know some people like like how are the different ways that people like their coffee?
255:  Now well my wife takes uh milk in hers and I don't take anything in mine I take it black.
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm so you would you would have uh your wife would like it
255:  Have cream cream in her coffee or milk in her coffee or
Interviewer :  Okay lets say fill in the blank in here your wife would like it blank milk and you would like it blank milk
255:  {X} mine black and she wants hers with milk {X}
Interviewer :  Like she wants hers uh
255:  With cream or milk
Interviewer :  And you like yours
255:  Black.
Interviewer :  Right or
255:  Less expression
Interviewer :  If I were to say you like yours like milk
255:  Without milk Uh If someone is not going away from you he is coming straight blank you Head on?
Interviewer :  Or if somebody someone is going not going away and he's coming straight blank you also
255:  Straight toward me?
Interviewer :  Right. Uh if someone's uh If you saw someone you have not been uh seen for quite awhile you might say this morning I
255:  I saw oh I saw John.
Interviewer :  Uh right or if you met someone in town instead of saying I met him you might say I
255:  Saw him.
Interviewer :  Or instead of saying you saw him you You I
255:  Ran into him.
Interviewer :  Right {NW}
255:  I ran into John this morning when I left town
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm
255:  That's a common expression.
Interviewer :  Right.If a child is given the same Uh if a child is given the same name that her mother has you say that the child name that the named the child blank her mother.
255:  That's a name sake
Interviewer :  Uh-huh or they name the child blank her mother
255:  After her mother
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm What kind of animal barks?
255:  Dog.
Interviewer :  If you wanted your dog to attack another dog or person what would you say ?
255:  Sick him. {NW}
Interviewer :  That's uh that's a code {NW} I've heard that that's um
255:  #1 You've heard that before #
Interviewer :  #2 I haven't heard that # in a while but I've heard it That's true.
255:  That's exactly what you say say
Interviewer :  Okay if you have a mixed breed dog uh what would you call you would call him a what?
255:  Mongrel?
Interviewer :  If the dog likes to bite you say the boy was blank the dog. It was
255:  It was afraid of the dog
Interviewer :  Right and if the dog likes to bite you would say the boy was blank by the dog.
255:  Bitten by the dog.
Interviewer :  And then that dog would blank anyone
255:  That dog would bite anyone.
Interviewer :  Yesterday he blank the mailman
255:  He bit the mailman.
Interviewer :  The mailman had to go to the doctor and after after he got uh um the mailman had to go uh the mailman had to go to the doctor after he got
255:  After he was bitten by the dog
Interviewer :  Right In a heard of cattle uh what would you call the male?
255:  Bull?
Interviewer :  What would you call uh him when there are women around? Like you know something
255:  Call a bull when the the {X} were around or the cows
Interviewer :  Right and uh is there Is there any special word that women would call them?
255:  That women would call cows?
Interviewer :  Yea would call cows.
255:  Uh
Interviewer :  like you know is there is {X} I don't know I think bull is is appropriate but uh are there any is there any special term?
255:  Of course there's a steer which is not a bull. A steer is a bull has been cut altered and uh cows are heifers
Interviewer :  Uh what are what are uh the different words thats wording for cut?
255:  Uh castrate.
Interviewer :  Are there are there any supposedly polite or
255:  Uh {X}
Interviewer :  for that
255:  Let's see there's uh altered yea a bull has been altered Those have been altered.
Interviewer :  Um and the kind that you would keep for milk what would you call those?
255:  Those are milk cows.
Interviewer :  Uh Now uh talking about a different type of thing uh that's still an animal the ones that you would drive carts with if you had four then there would uh driving
255:  Oxen
Interviewer :  Right Or if you had uh a team of the four oxen {X}
255:  Team of oxen yea you would have a team of oxen.
Interviewer :  Uh you ever heard of any other words for that?
255:  Uh Yea it was a lot of common certain I didn't know I never had much experience with oxen they had we had uh oh no we didn't but one of our neighbor farmers had oxen
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm they ever call if a spare?
255:  A what?
Interviewer :  A span.
255:  A span well yea I guess it was a span but horses I know they call
Interviewer :  Um What would you call a little cow when he was first born?
255:  Calf.
Interviewer :  And a female uh is called a what? A female calf
255:  Well a cow is a female animal. A bull is not a cow.
Interviewer :  Right okay so what would you call what would you call
255:  Heifer? Is a is a young calf
Interviewer :  Is there any distinction between a young calf that was a female is there any name that you call a young calf that is
255:  A bull calf and a and a and a {x} I don't know I really don't know. I know you would call them a bull calf if they were a male. Then so it must just be calf Or or a female
Interviewer :  What would you call a male horse?
255:  Stallion.
Interviewer :  Uh and riding animals are called?
255:  Riding horses.
Interviewer :  And you would call a female one is called a
255:  Mayor.
Interviewer :  Uh but a but But male or female Uh what's a plural of of a horse?
255:  Horses.
Interviewer :  If you didn't know how uh If you didn't know how to ride you would say I have never blanked a horse.
255:  I have never ridden a horse.
Interviewer :  And everyone around here likes to What?
255:  Ride ride
Interviewer :  Last year he blank his every morning
255:  Last year he rode his horse every morning
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm. If you couldn't stay on you'd say I blank the horse
255:  I fell of the horse which I have done. I pulled the hor- I pulled the horse over on me. And I was little I was about seven years old riding and the horse ran ran up and and instead of leaning forward I just pulled back and the horse came right over and fortunately I wasn't hurt. {NW}
Interviewer :  Wow that's amazing I'm glad sometimes that can that can seriously
255:  Oh yeah I fell off the horse fell and missed me.
Interviewer :  And uh you'd say To some uh to a little child uh Let's see you would say a little child went to sleep in bed and found himself on the floor in the morning he said I I must have {NW}
255:  Fallen out of bed.
Interviewer :  Right. {NW} Uh Things that you would put on a on a horse's feet to protect them from the road
255:  Shoes.
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm. What would you call that Let's see Oh yea uh what are there any other names you would call it the shoes?
255:  Horseshoe.
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm Uh The pair of horse's feet that you would put uh the shoes on onto let's see the the pair of the um the pair of the horses feet that you put the shoes onto would be called what? Uh the horse's feet.
255:  Huffs.
Interviewer :  Right and the singular of that is?
255:  Huff.
Interviewer :  Right. The game you would play uh lets see with these things that you that you put on the uh on the horse's feet
255:  The horseshoes.
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm and uh Let's see what would you call the male the male sheep
255:  Male sheep
Interviewer :  Yeah.
255:  Ram I guess.
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm And what would you call a female sheep?
255:  Uh Uh we never had a sheep down here they grew some sheep out in Bakersfield that was the only area that kind of had sheep. Goats and sheep. Let's see uh I I just don't know I forgot. I would recognize it I guess. If I heard it.
Interviewer :  You ever hear it called a ewe?
255:  Ewe exactly yes. {X} That's what they call it.
Interviewer :  What would you have on their backs would they have on there?
255:  Wool?
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm. What would you call a male hog?
255:  Boar.
Interviewer :  #1 What would you call #
255:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer :  I beg your pardon?
255:  A male hog has been altered as an shoat.
Interviewer :  Huh is that what they, is there any other names you happen to know?
255:  S-H-O-A-T is a shoat.
Interviewer :  Interesting. {NW} What would you call the one that was is um what is uh What do you call the uh uh
255:  Sal
Interviewer :  What would you call one when it was first born?
255:  Oh. Huffs you call them {X} but there's uh There's probably not a name for it.
Interviewer :  Yea the little one when it's first born what would you call it?
255:  I don't know but I'll never forget. I was chairman of uh bond drive during the war And it wrap it off various things people would buy bond and we bought some bonds and we won a a little pig and we brought him home and it was in February he was freezing to death he had been out in the weather and we've had him in the oven we'd give him milk and he died the next morning but he was just just a little thing {NW} that's what you're talking about but I don't want you to call it except a little pig
Interviewer :  I think I may have heard it referred to uh are you familiar with the term piglet?
255:  Piglet? Yes I've heard piglet that's you get that on television And I've heard stories.
Interviewer :  Oh so that's a that's a new term sort of isn't it?
255:  I would think so but I wouldn't I would rather call them pigs. Little pigs, baby pigs, not piglets.
Interviewer :  What do you call it when it's a little big older than that?
255:  I don't know let's see Of course a shoat is a small pig and that's a shoat yea I think it's a shoat is a a half grown hog and I don't think that I don't think one has been altered. It's called a shoat uh I think I was mistaken there. There's another name for one {X} Just like an altered bull is a steer
Interviewer :  Mm-hmm did you ever hear the uh the word for the one that's altered have you ever heard it called a stag?
255:  No I {X}
Interviewer :  What about a rig?
255:  No.
Interviewer :  Uh uh barrel hog?
255:  Barrel? Yes. That's uh that's barrel you're right. Barrel.
Interviewer :  Um. Okay so when a hog is full grown what do you call them? When they are full grown what do you call them?
255:  Porky? A pork? Porky? But it's a they call it hog what's you call them {NW}
Interviewer :  Uh {NW} How big how big must a pig get to be called shoat do you think?
255:  I would say a pig eh if it was twenty-five pounds, thirty pounds it would be a shoat.
Interviewer :  What what is an unbred female called?
255:  Uh Uh I can't think of that technical name either now
Interviewer :  These uh big t uh let's see Yea uh the big teeth that uh
255:  Tusks tusks
Interviewer :  What about the things that a elephant have would they be called the same thing?
255:  A what?
Interviewer :  An elephant.
255:  A elephant has uh ivory tusks.
Interviewer :  Right. Okay now the thing that you would put the food in for a hog uh would be called a what? {NS} You know talking about the soil soil bucket and the slob
255:  It's uh Uh we we we used to have it made of wood it slept down here Uh I can't think of the name for it now I recognize it if I heard it but I can't think of it
Interviewer :  Uh {D: trock}
255:  {D: Trock}
Interviewer :  What's uh
255:  {X}
Interviewer :  What's a plural of that?
255:  Troughs {X}
Interviewer :  Do you uh ever have any names for a hog that's uh grown up in the wild?
255:  Uh Well they have uh a wild hogs they have them now and they yes they call them uh I forgot my {X} I've never hunted them by I have, my my relatives have I know Caught them in the swamps
Interviewer :  Do you ever call them a piney woods rooter?
255:  Nope that's not what
Interviewer :  Piney in piney woods rooter I mean
255:  Piney woods rooter could be called here but that's They just call it wild hogs here
Interviewer :  What about mountain rooter?
255:  No that's not a common name around here.
Interviewer :  Uh the one that's made by a calf when it was being weened you would say the calf began to
255:  Bellow
Interviewer :  A general low noise made by a cow during feeding time
255:  Moo
Interviewer :  A general noise that a horse makes the horse began to
255:  {D: Wimmer wimmer wimmer} Wouldn't he {D: wimmer} I guess {D: wimmer}
Interviewer :  You have uh let's say you've got some horses, mules, cows, so forth Uh now when they are getting hungry you would you would have to go out and
255:  Uh There's a common phrase for that {X} Stock of call them stock Feed the stock is the name for it {X}
Interviewer :  Um let's see um You've got some horses, mules, let's see right we've already said that {NW} If you're going to uh feed the hens, turkeys, geese, and so forth do you have any other name for all of them? Uh yeah {NW} For all of them for all for
255:  Course you're feeding the chickens but if you've got turkeys and geese and things of that Uh uh I've never had the opportunity to feed those cuz I've never had those flock like that but you'd feed the feed the chickens
Interviewer :  Let's say yeah right and what would you call all of them together? You know all those that you'd
255:  You'd call them a flock
Interviewer :  Right or you would call of all different types of birds what would you call all of them?
255:  Cubby?
Interviewer :  Right.Or a general terminology covering all birds?
255:  Uh
Interviewer :  You ever heard the expression fish and
255:  No
Interviewer :  No you haven't
255:  No
Interviewer :  Okay well let's say that
255:  Uh fowl?
Interviewer :  Right {NW}
255:  Oh yeah you call it fowl sure You if you have {X} Be a proper name for a mixed Uh what you said but the chance I say I'm going to feed the chickens {NW}
Interviewer :  How about the hand setting on a {X} is called a?
255:  setting
Interviewer:  {NW} Let's see we stopped off last time we were speaking which was just a few hours ago we stopped off on page thirty-six, question number seven thirty-six point seven uh this is side uh one of the third reel and uh let's see uh I was speaking we were oh we were talking about uh foul, mr Palasear
255:  oh yeah fowl. I couldn't think of the word fowl for a flock of chickens or beef or turkeys
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. yeah um and then, oh I was wondering a hand on a nest of eggs is called a what
255:  a hand on a nest of eggs a setting hand
Interviewer:  right
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  what was that again?
255:  setting hand, just setting
Interviewer:  the place uh where these hands live uh like it's a little
255:  coop?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. a little rude shelter built out in the open where little chicks run in and out of the rain {NW} and out in
255:  hatchery and a a coop
Interviewer:  have you ever heard of any other terms for that?
255:  no, we have- we've raised little chickens we've have uh put the eggs in the incubator and and hatch them out
Interviewer:  oh one thing uh I had failed to go back and ask you a couple of questions here earlier be a little be more explicit on some of these uh, let's see uh oh yes i was wondering, what do you call uh the point uh, let's see what do you call if you uh have a house and an elk
255:  peak? {X} point, what do you mean a
Interviewer:  and uh, what do you call the place where the two come together? A house and an elk you know? come together sort of like that
255:  valley?
Interviewer:  okay, mm-hmm, good and then uh we were, one time also skipping back I forgot to mention this we were talking about porches and piazzas
255:  yeah
Interviewer:  um, I was wondering do you happen to know if you can have a porch on more than one floor inside of an house
255:  yes, I'm sure an upstairs porch and downstairs porch. I've lived in a house that has an upstairs porch and downstairs porch {NS}
Interviewer:  and what would you call the one, okay you mentioned that um, what about uh porches on the back of the house
255:  a back porch that's what you call them, back porch some people call it a stoop
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm, what about uh uh does it make any difference if they have a roof or not? Is there any different terms for those?
255:  uh open roof, open open porch or uh {X} I don't know what uh technical difference would be but it uh uh let's see back porch would say back porch would be more likely to be uncovered than a front porch in my judgment I don't know of any particular name you would call it {X} uh open porch. Might be open porch
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. what about um. I was wondering uh we were talking about the different types of things about the beginning about fireplaces and stoves did you happen to recall that way back uh around, I think the Minorcan times they used to have a thing they used to put on the floor and they would put hot coals in it
255:  oh yes, that's uh around the that's what they heated houses with and they have uh some several of the old houses have them here now and it's uh, you put coals in it and I'll think of the name, i can't think of it right now but it's quite commonplace
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  and uh {X} and the oldest houses, the historical side they have one they have one at the Peck house
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  that's another house and the uh Not like like well they have bed-warmers in those days too where you put some coals and some of them you put in bed with you uh, recover sort of protect you from the heat coming from the fire uh but uh brazier, brazier that's what the heating name for brazier i think B-R-A-Z-I-E-R something like that
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. and uh do you happen to know what they're made out of
255:  yes, they're made out of uh iron or or something that can withstand heat of course they're made out of most anything if they be {X} not too high off the floor little legs
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. #1 oh #
255:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  okay uh, also now getting back to the things with fowl and all those were just a few incidental things that we had talked about um which is uh pertinent to the study
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  um, now talking about chickens and all uh when you eat one of these things, you know, chicken
255:  yeah
Interviewer:  what is the part of the chicken uh that children like to have so they can pull it apart to see
255:  wishbone wishbone
Interviewer:  you ever hear of any other names for it?
255:  no, I never I mean there are names but people {X} call them wishbone
Interviewer:  what do you call the inside parts of the chicken uh that you eat like the liver, the heart, and the gizzard
255:  uh well of course you call a
Interviewer:  you would call a chicken what
255:  uh chicken uh i don't know, I- I've heard people describe but I can't think of the word they would use
Interviewer:  you ever hear uh, what about the insides of a pig or calf that you would eat
255:  uh, chitlins they call that. I mean they the- that would be in {X} kind cattle cow, cow
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. uh, the part that you sometimes eat and sometimes stuff sausage in what would you call that
255:  sausage?
Interviewer:  yeah
255:  i mean you already mean stuffed
Interviewer:  uh, like if you
255:  entrails, or or entrails yeah, pig uh pig entrails and the would uh that's, casing we call them. Casing and we we butchered the hogs and they ground up the meat and made sausage I've helped them many a times when I was young and sometimes we would use the the entrails of the hog, clean them good, and then put the sausage meat right in that you see or or the types you buy uh the uh skinned or the the be I don't- what would call them, I've forgotten but you buy those. I remember they used to come in a little case be ready to use
Interviewer:  uh the part that you
255:  let there be uh another animal {X}
Interviewer:  I was wondering the part that you s-uh-let's see oh yeah, if it's time to feed the stock and do chores, you would say it is
255:  feeding time or there's another word they would use uh uh of course you'd slot the hogs #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
255:  would you, you uh uh you'd feed the feed the animals, feed the stock I don't know of any particular name you'd call that
Interviewer:  did you ever call it chore-time
255:  yeah, chores, you'd do some chores but that, chores that covers all sorts of things with raking the yard uh cleaning the barn uh, doing any chore
Interviewer:  you ever hear of it called fodder time
255:  fodder? uh, no but that that's a good name for it fodder time we we stripped fodder um uh from corn course they would put it in bunches and let it dry and we'd keep it keep fodder, feed it to uh the animals
Interviewer:  did you happen to know of any uh calls that you would uh have uh happen to remember when you lived out in the farm or anytime that you would call the the cows in from the pasture
255:  uh well uh the pigs there would be sooie you'd say for pigs uh, uh or just any sort of a call would call a hog, any noise cattle, uh is hardly susceptible to action call except cattle always came to the barn feeding time and docked, you you'd always have the cattle at the gate ready to get in to be feeding uh hogs uh not as hoggish as cattle
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
255:  #2 {NW} # but uh sooie would be uh you'd chase hogs or call hogs or or just like a hog calling contest is just a big ruckus noise of course
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  and to get them in. let them know you want them
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  what you do regularly is what they'll answer i feel i feel uh that's what uh that's what attracts them is when you do the same thing every time you want to feed them you do this particular yell, call, or bang on uh on a tub. anything uh, so they know that that's feeding time and they come
Interviewer:  what about the calls to the cows specifically you happen to remember any of those?
255:  uh, what uh, sooie you'd call I- I've myself said sooie to cows the uh the uh there's no particular call but except making a noise and yelling
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. what would you say, you happen to know any names that they would uh stay uh, that that that they would uh, say to them to make them stand still during uh milking
255:  uh {NW}
Interviewer:  no?
255:  {X} I've uh, when I was a very little fellow, six or seven years old uh, I'd be milking and boy that cow it just jumped the milk out, move around I'd lose all the milk and I'd catch a dickens for it
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  and uh one thing that i remember so vividly is we used to feed uh uh cattle uh when we're milking cows brand, and put some uh sometimes syrup with it, little bit of syrup or syrup or something give it a sweet taste and I had the bucket fixed, was walking to the cow and we'd always try to put her head in a car like that put the bucket in the car and she would and and she well she uh got in the car, fell down, and the syrup and bran went all over me and that cow was licking me {NW} and uh, just licking me to death almost and uh, I had the darndest time getting up until the old colored man, Tom came around and here to her- he didn't laugh at my condition was I can remember he had #1 uh #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
255:  but I don't recall uh uh just uh {X} they have their own pet ways. I remember Tom he he talked to the cows out of his nostril all the time {X} he'd keep going and talking
Interviewer:  Mm. #1 {X} #
255:  #2 and that uh # uh, I imagine imagine broke regularly did that I-I didn't. Of course they'd milk regularly. I just experimented.
Interviewer:  what about calls to calves do you know any?
255:  I don't know of any particular calls to calves expect just making noise attract their attention but the the thing is the consistency of the call no matter what you did if it's feeding time uh they'd respond
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. what do you say to mules or horses uh to make them go left or right?
255:  here haw
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. uh do you happen to know of any uh calls that you would have to a horse? #1 like you did for the uh #
255:  #2 when you're uh uh a horse # you answer to a whistle
Interviewer:  what about getting them in from a pasture
255:  whistle didn't whistle a horse then easily if you do it regularly {X}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. what do you say to a horse to urge him on, you know to get him
255:  get up get up
Interviewer:  and if he is already moving when uh or you know like, what would say to him?
255:  {X}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  uh, you talk to him depending on we had we had all all of our horses had names we'd call them by their names and we recognize their names quite a bit and uh they uh first you stick your heels and the ropes that pull the lines up and ready to go, they're not even going. {X} get up let's go boy
Interviewer:  hmm, amazing what about uh, what would you say to make them stop
255:  woah
Interviewer:  and when backing up a buggy, where there any other different terms?
255:  uh, i just about pull the reigns and then back back uh talk to them keep talking to them all the time, no matter what you'd say just
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. #1 uh #
255:  #2 you you've been saying something different than get up # {X} {NW}
Interviewer:  what do you call horses uh when you uh I mean what do you call hogs, oh you- oh we've already talked about that #1 uh, how do you call sheep in from the pasture, you happen to know that #
255:  #2 never, never, we've never had sheep at all # I don't think we've had sheep in our area
Interviewer:  what about uh, you mentioned you were talking about chickens and things like that. What would you call uh the- what would you, what were the different calls for the chickens
255:  chic-chic-chic-chic-chic-chic-chic- here chic- here chic
Interviewer:  hmm, that's interesting that's good uh what about if if you wanted to get the horses ready to go somewhere you would say, I want to
255:  #1 what #
Interviewer:  #2 saddle up #
255:  or harness up
Interviewer:  uh, and when you're driving a horse, uh uh what do you hold in your hand
255:  reigns
Interviewer:  suppose you're riding a horse. What do, uh what are you guiding with
255:  {NW} I rode a horse quite a bit {X} I always have my left hand. I lean over just to the left you, but you pull the reigns what you're supposed to pull pull one the- more pressure on your left reign if you wanted to go left I will push on the right reign if I'm going to the right but it's rude to just take the lines and put them over here or put them over here, and the horse will go turn
Interviewer:  uh when do you uh put your feet in when you're riding horseback
255:  stirrups
Interviewer:  if you have two horses and the horse on the uh, the horse on the right is called the what
255:  the leader? now if you have a double-team
Interviewer:  that's if you have a double team huh
255:  you have a double team and you put your- your-your horse, you know what your horse is uh uh you put on the right and you put the horse you depend upon more on the right than you would on the left as I recall we never had much double team, but we've had a couple teams
Interviewer:  interesting uh if something uh is not right near a at hand, you would say it's just a little blank over
255:  uh, not right near what?
Interviewer:  like if it's not really right near you
255:  yeah
Interviewer:  at hand, you would just say, it's just a over yonder would be one expression
255:  #1 you could use #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
255:  #1 just over yonder #
Interviewer:  #2 or a little # a little blank over, have you fill in the blank there
255:  a little bit over, I'd say, a little bit over
Interviewer:  okay, if you had, if you had uh been traveling and have not finished your journey, you might say that you had a blank before dark, dark okay, I'll say that again if you've been traveling and have not finished your journey, you might say that you had a blank before dark
255:  how of course you could say rest but you could say there's another word you could use uh i don't know stay, you would say you would stay the horses let's stay them a while uh, your riding horses never heavily ridden and then let's stop to stay the horses
Interviewer:  hmm, and then if you didn't want to stay and you just say, oh let's just keep on going because uh it's it's before dark and we won't get there, it's not just a a little ways it's a long ways or it's Mm-hmm.
255:  a hell of a long ways some people might say
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
255:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  if something is very common and you don't have to look for it in a small place, you would say that you can find that just about
255:  like a needle in a haystack
Interviewer:  or you just say I could just find that let's say like uh, if if I were to say you know I'm really interested in the different types of lawns around here and the different type of grass that grows on the lawns so I'm looking around here and where can I find lawns and you could say, you can find lawns just about
255:  everywhere just about everywhere
Interviewer:  or uh in one particular place
255:  over yonder, you could {X} uh
Interviewer:  okay
255:  or on a well
Interviewer:  if okay uh if i fell this. If i fell this way which way would i be going?
255:  forward?
Interviewer:  and this way?
255:  backward
Interviewer:  okay uh if i ask you, did you catch any fish and then you would say no blank or one
255:  never done one or not a single one
Interviewer:  okay any um a schoolboy might ask a scolding teacher why is she blaming me. I blank wrong
255:  what's the last thing you said, wrong?
Interviewer:  why is she blaming me, I blank wrong
255:  w-r-o-n-g
Interviewer:  #1 yeah #
255:  #2 is the last word? # ah, I'm not, let's see why is she blaming me it's not my fault or I'm not wrong I'm not in the wrong that would be the the proper answer I think
Interviewer:  okay, if someone apologizes for breaking your rake, you say, that's all right. I didn't like it
255:  anyway, I didn't like it anyway.
Interviewer:  uh {NW} a crying child might say, he was eating candy and didn't give me
255:  what give me any
Interviewer:  okay uh, it's just it's just and becoming about to a certain time of day what would you call that #1 when the sun #
255:  #2 it's just about dinner # or it's just about uh sundown
Interviewer:  and what happens after sundown, when is that?
255:  twilight in some areas
Interviewer:  and then after twilight?
255:  darkness? dark
Interviewer:  and what do you call that uh term between twilight and uh i mean between dawn and dusk what's the time between dawn and dusk
255:  daytime?
Interviewer:  and the other side
255:  #1 nighttime #
Interviewer:  #2 the opposite # beg your pardon, what'd you say
255:  nighttime
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  night evening
Interviewer:  and twelve oh clock #1 is #
255:  #2 last night # sorry
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  noon {X}
Interviewer:  and if and if it's night time and I'm walking outside and
255:  midnight?
Interviewer:  right, and and you were inside and I was outside, what would you say and it was
255:  young or dark?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. uh and {NW} let's see okay, let's say there was a boy who was spoiled and he grows up you might say, he'll have his trouble blank yeah
255:  he's what kind of boy now, say it again
Interviewer:  if there was a spoiled boy and we're talking #1 about this #
255:  #2 spoiled # spoiled brat
Interviewer:  #1 right #
255:  #2 yeah #
Interviewer:  and he and he grows up and you say, and you might say he'll have his trouble
255:  he will have trouble later on, no question about that
Interviewer:  he'll have his trouble
255:  later on
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  {NW} could be any expression used there
Interviewer:  what would you call those uh the things that are made by a plow
255:  furrow
Interviewer:  okay uh and if you have a a good yield, you might say, we raised a big
255:  crop
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. and if you rid all the brush and trees on the land, you would say you did what
255:  cleared the land
Interviewer:  and if you cut them down to make a road through the woods to a logging camp, you would say we just
255:  hit it right away cleared it right away
Interviewer:  the second cutting of uh clover grass, uh during the second covering uh cutting of clo- of clover grass what would you call the old, dry dead grass that is left over on the ground in the spring
255:  stubble
Interviewer:  uh, the we-weed is tied up into a what
255:  we never grow weed in this area and so I'm not used to like the terms of #1 weed except #
Interviewer:  #2 okay #
255:  a bundle
Interviewer:  right and yet you do, you probably do that with sugar cane then
255:  uh sugar cane uh well sugar cane was never grown what you'd call commercially here like they would grow it down near near the oak {X} in lake worth, in the area
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  uh i mean uh back up in the {X{ big sugar fine-fineries the only thing they grow farmers had sugar cane crops had sugar cane patch what they call it and uh maybe a half acre and uh produces several thousand stocks which they put through a grinder and mix that up and they'd bunch it, they they'd tie it in bunches to- for easy handling
Interviewer:  hmm, that's interesting uh and I was wondering uh the bunch, uh bunches or or the bundles or sheaves that are piled up, they ever take, I was wondering, they ever take sugar cane, they pile them up into uh, the different sheaves and the bundles, they ever do that out in the middle of the field
255:  no I don't think they'd ever do that they cut sugar cane with a big uh sickle, white thing uh, heavy, and cutter and uh they cut it out, cut it {X} cut it here and knock the top off and throw it aside for somebody come pick it up
Interviewer:  well, they {X} uh I don't know if you know too much about
255:  i didn't know they would have a bunch of
Interviewer:  if they took a bunch of bundles of wheat and they put them together, what would you have
255:  well then you'd have uh, I don't know what you'd call them, but sheath of wheat is what you'd call a bundle but they i don't what, I have no idea what they'd call a a like a haystack would be hay bunched up but the stack of {X} or whatever you'd call it but I don't what other, what other name you'd give it.
Interviewer:  you ever hear of a shock or
255:  no but I would imagine that would be an appropriate name for it a shock of what I guess
Interviewer:  uh, let's say if we raised a bunch of crops uh we raised uh let's say well, we, let's say we're raising a bunch of potatoes and we had let's say the quantity and the amount of potatoes that we'd have, we'd take we'd have let's say, for instance I would say we raised forty blank of wheat, I mean of
255:  forty bushels
Interviewer:  right
255:  forty bushels to the acre a hundred bushels to the acre
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  that's a common expression
Interviewer:  right uh, do you happen to know what what a good yield uh of uh possibly um any of the produce around #1 here would be #
255:  #2 yes, i know what it is # uh, a yield of potatoes now when i was a youngster out on the farm and my father grew potatoes uh, we called them barrels then. forty barrels to the acre uh the, that was a a fairly good yield uh, right now uh if a yield is not a hundred bushels to the acre they would be very poor and because it gets up to two hundred bushels or two hundred bushels per acre
Interviewer:  hmm
255:  because of uh the type of fertilizer and they and they cultivate {X} {NW} just yields more per acre
Interviewer:  okay, do you happen to know what you have to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of it
255:  scratch it
Interviewer:  uh, if you and another man let's say if you and another man have a good job and you told him about it, you would say, you and
255:  uh, you and I should uh uh go to town, you and i should I-I, due to my lack of uh education I would find uh sometimes very very hard to know exactly what's the grammatic, proper grammar and uh uh i get by with not too many mistakes but i don't make a lot
Interviewer:  if you were not speaking to him, just talking about him, you would say, the job is for
255:  the job is for you to do or what, i don't
Interviewer:  or you were saying like, the two people, you know, if you were talking to this one guy and he's saying that that you and this other person had the you know, wanted to be on the job you would say, the job is for
255:  the two of us
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. okay
255:  both of us? {NS}
Interviewer:  and and if some friends of yours and you are coming over to see me uh you would say blank and blank are coming over
255:  {NW} i guess i would say, whether it's right or wrong, I'd say captain, captain are coming over to see you tonight
Interviewer:  right, and you would say uh instead of using her name you would just use like you know #1 {X} #
255:  #2 my wife and I #
Interviewer:  yeah or uh just talking
255:  we, we would come over, we will come over to see you #1 tonight #
Interviewer:  #2 right # and you would and if we were saying uh blank and I uh just speaking of your wife as a person. A regular. without noting whether you know she's your wife or not just just another woman you would say
255:  I would say we would uh coming over tonight or the two of us will come over or uh {X} or we would come over tonight, play cards [X} there was a stranger, I don't know, I wouldn't say that
Interviewer:  if you knock on the door and they say who's there and you know uh and they hear your voice and they say to you, it's
255:  this is X I would say my name is X, I go by X
Interviewer:  okay, great, what about, what about if you just say uh just saying, talking about yourself, it's. or it is
255:  it is I would be uh would be hard for me to say this is X I would #1 I would say #
Interviewer:  #2 right # well some people say uh if we are sitting here expecting some man knocks at the door and you say, oh it's only
255:  John
Interviewer:  or instead of saying his name, it's only
255:  it's only
Interviewer:  and we both know the guy who's #1 {X} #
255:  #2 yeah # it's it's it's only my neighbor or it's only it's only him knocking uh. it's only her knocking
Interviewer:  and if it {X} and if it's two people, you say it's only eh or a group of people
255:  let's see now {X} people uh, a group of people knocking at the door and I was talking to my my wife and I would say I would say, they're here probably
Interviewer:  alright
255:  or the group is here, or uh
Interviewer:  if you'd say, if if you just speak
255:  go ahead
Interviewer:  okay, well if you just say it's like he or she he, she
255:  I wouldn't #1 if it's a group, I wouldn't do that #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # right
255:  you'd say uh, the group is here {NS}
Interviewer:  {D: got you} okay, now we're speaking on the second side, I think of the third reel right and uh, we've just ended on page forty-two Item number six and we're on item number six right now and so I'll just ask you the question Mr. {B} uh, comparing how tall you are you would say uh for instance, he is not as tall as he's not
255:  he's not as tall as John or he's not as tall as you are
Interviewer:  or if you're speaking about yourself
255:  alright, uh, uh he's not as tall as I am
Interviewer:  right okay alright comparing how tall you are you'd say I'm not as tall as
255:  he is
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. and comparing how well you can do something you'd say, he can do it better than
255:  I can
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. if a man had been running for two miles and then had to stop you'd say two miles is blank he could go
255:  two miles is all he could go if if that were true
Interviewer:  alright
255:  {X}
Interviewer:  if something belongs to me and I say, it's
255:  mine
Interviewer:  and if something belongs to both of us you'd say it's
255:  ours, this is ours
Interviewer:  and if something belongs to uh uh if something belongs to them it's
255:  theirs
Interviewer:  and something belongs to him
255:  it's his
Interviewer:  and something belongs to her
255:  it's hers
Interviewer:  okay, people have uh people have been let's say if people have been to visit you and they're about to leave you say to them well blank back again
255:  please come back again I would say
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm, or if you speaking to all all the people, you'd say, well if you were speaking to a group and you'd say well come back again
255:  you're not wanting me to say what the governor of Florida said, Governor Cone he'd always say you all come {NS}
Interviewer:  that's that's written in the book {X}
255:  you all come
Interviewer:  I know, I know but uh when you speak to a group of people, how do you address them
255:  um group of people that's because I would speak to the group
Interviewer:  or if you direct yourself without them
255:  could I do what
Interviewer:  if you direct yourself, you know, to if you were speaking and you're making a presentation and you're saying, I would like blank
255:  all of you to uh
Interviewer:  right
255:  to hear what I have to say
Interviewer:  good, excellent, great term and {X} um now now let's say um if their car was out in the road you might say to them someone's going to run into blank car
255:  someone's going to run into my car
Interviewer:  or, according
255:  that car, someone's going to run into that car
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  or their car {NW}
Interviewer:  and then if you ask uh, if you're asking about people at a party you would say blank had been here you, we were just talking earlier about the you were talking about the word witch and then the other word
255:  yeah mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  and you'd say, blank had been here
255:  ask him a question
Interviewer:  yeah, you would ask him a question, you'd say blank #1 been here #
255:  #2 has John been here #
Interviewer:  or if you're not speaking of a particular person, you're saying blank
255:  who has been here
Interviewer:  right okay uh a group of
255:  have they been here
Interviewer:  and uh a group of children that uh obviously belong to one or more family, you'd ask them blank children uh, blank children are they
255:  neighborhood children
Interviewer:  yeah, if you're talking about uh the family that they belong to you would say blank children are they are they blank children are they like if if you're looking at all the kids in the neighborhood here and you say like uh and they're they're maybe making a bunch of ruckus in the lot across the street
255:  do they belong over here do they belong here in this neighborhood
Interviewer:  and you wanna find out their parents and find out
255:  who do they belong to
Interviewer:  alright
255:  that's a common expression
Interviewer:  when you ask about all all of the speakers' remarks, everything said you might say blank did he say or if you can't understand when i ask you a question and uh you look at me and you say
255:  did he cover this question, did he say this
Interviewer:  right or
255:  did he refer to politics
Interviewer:  or if i, if you can't understand the question that I asked and I bubbled something in and you couldn't understand it you would look at me and you would say blank did you say
255:  {NW} well, if it's if it's people i didn't know very well I'd say, please, will you please repeat repeat that
Interviewer:  uh-huh
255:  or i would say, I didn't hear
Interviewer:  or if you filled in the this blank you would say, blank did he say
255:  what did he say
Interviewer:  right {NS} uh if no one else will look out for them, you'd say, they've got to look out for
255:  themselves
Interviewer:  right if no one else will do it for him you'd say, he had better do it
255:  for himself {X}
Interviewer:  what
255:  better look out for himself
Interviewer:  {NS} what is made of flour, uh baked in loaves uh what is what is made of flour, baked in loaves
255:  bread
Interviewer:  when it is made
255:  loaves, yeah bread yeah
Interviewer:  when it is made to rise with yeast you call it
255:  uh, homemade bread uh rising bread, yeast bread well really, olden times they they always put yeast in bread so you'd say homemade bread that we'd call it
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NW} what are the kinds of bread uh what are what are the kinds of bread that are not in loaves
255:  biscuits hoecake, you know what a hoecake is
Interviewer:  what's a hoecake
255:  you cook it in a dutch oven, and by the way a duct oven where there's a little thing with the legs on it, it sits up and you put a top on it and you cook it over a campfire or cook outside and it's uh made of dough and it's like uh a big flapjack when it's called it's a little thicker than that, it's called a hoecake and all country people used to have a hoecake particularly on the carts you'd cook a ca- a hoecake and have it with coffee and they'd call it hoecake
Interviewer:  let's say uh [X} or you might say you bake a pan of what
255:  biscuits
Interviewer:  there aren't, okay right, you happen to know of any other kinds of bread made out of flour
255:  any kind of bread made out of flour
Interviewer:  uh-huh
255:  a bread is bread you know and uh you can have uh wheat bread or whole wheat bread or uh number of different types of bread depending on what you put in it
Interviewer:  uh-huh
255:  put flour to the flour
Interviewer:  what about bread made with white flour
255:  white bread
Interviewer:  [NW}
255:  {X} brown bread, or rye bread
Interviewer:  what is baked in uh a large what is baked in a large cake made of cornmeal
255:  large cake made of corn cornbread
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. uh now that you mention cornbread, I was just wondering what do you make uh, what do you mean uh by cornbread when you talk about them
255:  you you have uh uh cornflour and uh uh uh uh some ground up corn of course and uh and you mix it with water, put a little seasoning in it and cook it and it's delicious cornbread
Interviewer:  hmm, is there any more than one kind?
255:  uh, oh no. I-I corn is corn and uh if you make make ground take ground up corn and make cornbread out of it. I don't really have anything else but cornbread
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. oh
255:  you have uh uh uh uh make some sort of uh pancakes out of it but it'd be a silly cornbread
Interviewer:  suppose you have the kind that uh doesn't have anything in it but cornmeal, salt, and water
255:  sourdough is that what they're talking about you think. I've heard of it but I- I 've never {X}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. uh, what do you uh do you ever um do you ever remember any kind of cornbread that people talked about making before the fire before the fire on a board or something like that only uh larger?
255:  you know I I have uh I have a recollection of of well now that you mention that that I just can't can't imagine what the name would be. I don't know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm, are there any kinds that they cook in ashes
255:  our course they they cook many potatoes and things of that under ashes they've taken, you make a, you you I've done camping many times, baked potatoes, sweet potatoes, mashed potatoes, put a put a barrier and then build your fire right on top of them and by the time you've cooked your own {X} you can take your potatoes out and they're they're they're baked very well, cooked very well
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. what kind is about an inch thick, very large, round that you might cook in a skillet
255:  uh well that's a hoecake that we have a flour, that's exactly what we have here
Interviewer:  hmm
255:  cook in a skillet, you cook hoecake in a skillet all the time
Interviewer:  uh then there was the kind that is small and sort of like uh
255:  pancake
Interviewer:  a sphere, and maybe it's a little bit of onion and green pepper mixed in it and you'd cook #1 them #
255:  #2 oh. you talking about uh puppies, hushpuppies? #
Interviewer:  yeah, and well then there's also the type that you cook them in deep fat and eat them with fish and other fried seafood
255:  {X} hushpuppies yeah, mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  uh, there's something else that uh that you would sometimes have that you'd boil in cheesecloth on either, with either beans, greens, or something with chicken made out of cornmeal what would you call that
255:  I don't know, I've never had, I've never heard of that I've
Interviewer:  then there was uh the kind of cornmeal that you'd cook in a deep pan and it comes out soft and you dish it out like you would uh dish out mashed potatoes #1 {X} #
255:  #2 corn mush # something that you can, they they took a lot of mush in out of corn I think but I don't remember none of that
Interviewer:  did you ever hear of a corn dodger
255:  no no, no #1 that's not a #
Interviewer:  #2 okay #
255:  that's not a common expression used in my young life
Interviewer:  there are two kinds of bread the homemade bread and the kind that you buy at the store what would you call this kind that you buy at the store
255:  we call it store bought bread {NW}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  and we'd call it uh uh uh i don't any type they name their bread that's all
Interviewer:  what would you call the stuff that you uh make in your #1 house #
255:  #2 homemade bread #
Interviewer:  okay
255:  call it homemade bread
Interviewer:  um, you mentioned pancakes a while back there
255:  yeah
Interviewer:  uh, what are the different names you'd call those
255:  well, uh or I imagine they have all sorts of names I call them pancakes you can make fritters corn, fritters will make another like you have uh syrup on
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. uh what about the ones that are made out of wheat flour
255:  uh, I don't know what they'd be called particularly uh let's see wheatcakes uh I've heard of wheatcakes certainly but if that's what you're referring to
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. what is fried in deep fat with hole in the center
255:  donut
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm, are there any other names uh for the other types of shapes that you have with them
255:  no {X} with with beer and uh hard things you buy or you cooked little circle rings hooked together, I can't think of the name
Interviewer:  uh, the pretzels
255:  pretzels, yeah
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm, if you take a lump of donut dough and dipped it with a spoon without making a hole in it, what would you call that
255:  well I think if if, depending on what was mixed in with it when it was uh prepared it would be a hushpuppy
Interviewer:  okay what about if you fried it in deep fat with three other strips across it
255:  three strips of three strips of what across. oh oh
Interviewer:  that
255:  you mean pies or what
Interviewer:  no, if you just took this lump of dough and put three strips of fat on it and fried it in fat
255:  uh, I know nothing that nothing that we would uh, the one of the things that we would uh as a a dish that uh bread bread and cheese they only make corn from the harvest, that's where the Minorcan name came from that's the {D: fromo harvest} is the cheesecake and the Minorcans always have it parties on Easter time
Interviewer:  What was that again
255:  {D: Fromo harvest}
Interviewer:  {D: fromo}
255:  it's in that uh the the there's a there's a story I know, there's a song called From my Harvest, they sing at Easter time Minorcans and what they serve there's a there's some recipes in there How do you make how do you make uh crispies and from my harvest and other dishes
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm, I see it's in here. It's on, it's in the book uh that you've given to us um it's the book Minorcans in Florida: Their History and Heritage by Jane Quinn uh, and it's on page two-hundred and forty-nine uh is the song and uh, that's where that's located uh, there's also the recipes that you're talking about {D: fromohanus} which us is on page two-hundred and fifty-two {NS} have to save half of the tape {NS} {NW} {NS} okay right so where were, oh yeah we were talking about different things made of flour okay, when you went to the store uh, to buy flour, the quantities that you that they measured them in you'd say, I go to the store and buy two blank of flour
255:  well, actually you buy bulk flour, I'd see if i bought two pounds of flour, two quarts of flour {X} measure it up. pour it, and measure it up and {X} you buy two pounds of flour I'd say its usual designation
Interviewer:  what would you uh use to make bread that is not baking powder or soda uh what do you use to, yeah, to make bread that's not baking powder or soda you know it comes in little small packets and it's dry and granulated
255:  {X] so it'll rise, is that it
Interviewer:  uh-huh
255:  uh, I can't think of the name but I know it's on the tip of my tongue uh it's always have, always have to be put in in dough and it makes it have to be flat if you didn't put it in, make it rise and you set them aside before you bake them
Interviewer:  right
255:  and then they when they rose to the proper time and you put them in the oven and bake them
Interviewer:  let's say okay, the word sounds like the direction I'm pointing in
255:  east, yeast, yeast, that's it, yeast certainly {X} the yeast is very important of course in baking
Interviewer:  the uh the end, okay, I was just wondering, what do you usually have for breakfast
255:  you mean, what do people have or what do I have
Interviewer:  um, you have or most people have have
255:  well, uh when I was young, I had different now, I have different tastes now because I have a hiatal hernia i eat differently, but uh as a rule now I have uh uh cereal, cu-cup of coffee and some toast and some cereal that's my breakfast occasionally I have uh uh bacon and eggs and uh, but uh, I don't have much of that because I don't eat too much eggs and I don't eat bacon either for that matter because of my cholesterol
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  my #1 probably when I was younger I'd eat all of that #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # what's inside part of the egg
255:  yolk
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. #1 and #
255:  #2 white and yolk #
Interviewer:  what's uh what would you call uh what color would you say the yolk or the egg is
255:  yellow and and the others the white of the egg we'd call it {x} the yolk is yellow
Interviewer:  id you cook them in hot water, what would you call
255:  boiled egg
Interviewer:  and if you crack them and let them fall out of the shells in the hotter water
255:  {X} uh, poached poached egg, poached eggs
Interviewer:  what do you call the salt or sugar churned mead that you might boil with greens
255:  salt rigging, south valley or what, what are you #1 talking about #
Interviewer:  #2 okay, Mm-hmm. #
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  we never had south valley I don't know very much but I know that I know south valley
Interviewer:  what if it had no le- no lean on it at all
255:  no lean under the oil
Interviewer:  yeah
255:  fat bacon I used to work in a butcher store when I was thirteen years old, delivering meat I know what fat bacon is and it lived to cozy people mainly
Interviewer:  what about if it had a
255:  pigs feet, and fat bacon, and south valley
Interviewer:  what is had a uh a good bit of lean on it
255:  uh well, uh if it's cut in strips it would be breakfast bacon or it'd be bacon uh, and uh, lean bacon or whatever you'd call it
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. when you when you cut like a side of a of a hog uh, or a cow what would you call that when it's cut right in half you know
255:  you mean uh cut the what, the cow, the ribcage of the cow. what do you mean
Interviewer:  let's say like you worked in a butcher shop
255:  yeah
Interviewer:  the man bought a large quantity of meat
255:  that's right
Interviewer:  and that was there, a lot of times they came in this one quantity where they just cut it in half
255:  oh yeah, they just put it down the cellar
Interviewer:  yeah, and what would they call that
255:  uh, what would I say, of course they'd call it loin or beef {NW} uh, uh they'd it call the uh on hogs
Interviewer:  would they call it
255:  with the lo-loin, uh that's what you get the pork loins, you get the pork chops out of that or uh uh {NW}
Interviewer:  what about if you just cut it in half you would call that #1 a #
255:  #2 side #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  side of beef
Interviewer:  or an uh
255:  side side of
Interviewer:  if it was a hog you'd call it
255:  uh I'd I'd call it a side of uh pig I guess but the the main thing a red back bone part of a pig would be a loin pork loin, that it would be
Interviewer:  what would you call uh, let's see the kind of meat that you would buy sliced into uh, sliced thin uh to eat eggs with
255:  breakfast bacon
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. and uh the type of stuff that you uh, they used to have houses for this and they put it in there and then it would be considered there were all sorts of meat they stick in there
255:  a smokehouse
Interviewer:  right, and um, what would you call the meat
255:  uh, well it's uh smoked bacon
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {X} uh {NS} the outside of bacon is called what
255:  you don't mean the, you don't mean the skin
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  what's it called, a nickname for it or another name for it
Interviewer:  yeah, well that's that's good #1 if you know of any others #
255:  #2 skin # I don't know any others it's called, just the skin, tough skin
Interviewer:  the kind of meat that you buy and then slice it thin to eat with your eggs think you mentioned that
255:  breakfast bacon yeah
Interviewer:  right the kind of meat that uh that comes in little ol' links on a chain uh
255:  sausage breakfast sausage
Interviewer:  uh, the kind of meat that uh has been kept too long and then you, you know. It's real smelly and you say the meat is done what when it's not good and the the meat is
255:  yeah {NS} of course I know what you mean but I just can't, I'm at a loss for words of course of course it doesn't go sour uh it just uh rancid
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  it could go rancid, could {X} {NS} spoiled
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. uh after the butcher, after your after you butcher a hog, what do you do with the meat from its head
255:  you make hog head's che- hog hog's head cheese out of it
Interviewer:  what do you call the dish prepared by cooking and grinding up hog liver
255:  uh, black pudding blood puddings blood puddings, oh i remember we, I love blood puddings you mix all that stuff and put blood of the hog in it mix it up, put in casings, like sausage and and you uh, and you hurry up you you couldn't keep that as long as you'd keep sausage sausage dries and keeps well, but that one, you couldn't keep pudding because bl-blood puddings, you couldn't keep them very long
Interviewer:  so what would you call the different type of sausage that you'd have, that you made just from um liver
255:  from liver
Interviewer:  #1 yeah #
255:  #2 uh uh # well let's see uh, we never made that one when I was young, but you'd have uh liverwurst is that what you speak of
Interviewer:  yeah
255:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  um, did you ever take the juice of head cheese or the liver sausage, stir it up with cornmeal maybe some hog meat, cook it, then later after it gets cold, slice it and fry it what would you call that
255:  what are you talking about a hog's head cheese i think
Interviewer:  yeah, and you, that's part of. it's a it's a recipe you just take you know #1 the head cheese #
255:  #2 yes #
Interviewer:  #1 and the liver sausage #
255:  #2 that's if they put #
Interviewer:  and the cornmeal, and the hog meat, and you just just cook it all up and after you cook this up, you take it, and it gets all cold and you slice it #1 and you fry it #
255:  #2 that's hog's head cheese #
Interviewer:  #1 right, but that's hog's head cheese goes into that #
255:  #2 I- I don't know any other name for it # yeah, that's right, but I don't know what else name we call I
Interviewer:  you ever hear of uh of scrapple
255:  I have
Interviewer:  #1 uh pon haus #
255:  #2 I have I have # what
Interviewer:  pon haus
255:  no, never heard of that
Interviewer:  #1 scripple #
255:  #2 scrapple # no, never, never, those are not the common expressions {NW}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. suppose you kept your uh your butter too long and it didn't taste good
255:  it's rancid
Interviewer:  right
255:  another thing they used to make out of those things is cracklings {X} uh this, the little pieces when you're making when you're cutting up the fat of the hog to cook it to make lard the pieces that have little uh pieces of uh meat on it you'd you'd you'd cut those up and then you make cracklings out of those and then, when they would cook them you'd get the the uh, you keep them separate from just the plain lard and they'd cook them, the the the crackers a good deed, you keep those, you put them in a jar, you keep them of course you get the lard out of them also but they {NS} they leap, curls up, and they taste good #1 they call it crackling #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
255:  #1 and you make crackling bread out of it #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  um, did you ever, let's see, right the uh sour milk that you'd keep on hand is called what thick, sour milk
255:  well you make curd out of uh cheese out of uh of certain milk but uh clabber you mean
Interviewer:  yeah
255:  that's what you're looking for
Interviewer:  right, uh what would you call right you were talking about the milk and the cheese that you made out of that uh, what would you call other things that were made from like you know clabber, this type of uh
255:  well you make uh uh you make things that you buy right now in the store uh curd, you make a curd for one thing and then you make uh something else you buy that's real good, I like it {NW} can't think of it right now but uh, um I know we used to make clabber, clabber put it in a thing and drain it and foam it and that was uh curd, and we'd eat that curd with sugar on it
Interviewer:  hmm, that's interesting uh what do you do with the milk after you eat it, remember you were talking about some things about the the man who used to milk and uh what would he do after he was milking it what did he do after he milked the cow the milk
255:  well, the first place when he when he milked the cow, he'd always have a bucket of warm water there he'd wash the tips off her calfling and rinse them carefully and then he would uh uh do his milking and uh, then uh, he, of course it depends on whether he had a calf to feed or not. He'd have to save some for the calf he couldn't milk her dry uh, and prepare the, after you get the milk and l-l-let the calf then go to the mother and finish up
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. okay, and then when you take that milk and it has all these like, you know, hair you remember how it used to be you know all that stuff floating around the top of it and uh, when you want to get those impurities out of it, what would you do it, you know you would uh what it
255:  well, you you you strain it but uh the uh the the you shouldn't let, you should be careful not to let anything get in it very much, just the {X} {NW} but you'd strain it anyway for fear that there was something else
Interviewer:  what is uh baked in e deep dish with, made of apples with a crust on top
255:  hmm, apple crisp for one thing and uh uh apple pan down, what do you they call it, pan down apple pan down something like that, I've forgotten
Interviewer:  dowdy?
255:  yeah, a- a- a- apple pan down, pandowdy, something that I thought I'm not familiar with that but I've heard it
Interviewer:  somebody has a good appetite, you say, he sure likes to put away his
255:  somebody would say nibbles, but uh, you should say food or I
Interviewer:  #1 right okay #
255:  #2 he sure likes to put his food # {X}
Interviewer:  what would you call a milk or cream mixed with sugar and nutmeg that you might pour over a pie
255:  pour over pie, you're not talking about eggnog are you
Interviewer:  mm
255:  {X} you can't put any milk #1 milk #
Interviewer:  #2 okay, what would you call the sweet liquid that you pour over the pudding #
255:  a, a sauce you put over a apple uh a apple pie with a sauce or you make it with sugar and butter and milk and so far it's mixed up
Interviewer:  and, the food that is taken between regular meals, you call it you know like you have like
255:  yeah uh
Interviewer:  breakfast and lunch and dinner, or you know dinner and supper, and between those times you'd say, you know you take a little cracked or something like it #1 what would you call that #
255:  #2 uh, uh, uh # I can't think of a name, but of course it's it's I know it very well {X} a snack, course is one thing but it's not, there are other names
Interviewer:  what about a bite or a piece
255:  a snack be-between- a snack between meals would be uh what would come more natural for me to say it
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} okay, uh, now let's say if I say I will blank breakfast at seven oh clock
255:  I will eat breakfast at seven oh clock
Interviewer:  alright, now I'm gonna ask you the the different parts of eat, okay and then just ask you just a couple of questions here yesterday, at that time, I had already
255:  by this time, I had eaten my breakfast
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. last week I had blank breakfast everyday
255:  last week I ate my breakfast everyday at seven oh clock. Is that what you #1 want to say #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm, right # what do people drink for breakfast
255:  coffee tea
Interviewer:  mm
255:  orange juice
Interviewer:  what do you drink when you are thirsty
255:  water
Interviewer:  uh
255:  if available
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. uh, you drink it out of a what
Interviewer:  Here we go now In the last part of the tape we were talking about uh Uh you were talking about water a glass of water Now if you take this glass and uh it fell off the sink what would it do
255:  It'd break
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and you'd say the glass fell and
255:  Was broken? uh As the glass fell it was broken or broke The glass fell and broke to pieces #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm really # And Let's see And then you might say I didn't do it Or uh do you use that word we're talking about?
255:  I didn't I didn't I did not break it
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm And someone has blank that glass
255:  Someone has broken that glass
Interviewer:  Right Now let's see If I ask you how much you did you drink you would say I like a lot of it
255:  How much did I drink
Interviewer:  Yeah and you say I #1 blank a lot of it #
255:  #2 Yes I drank a # I drank a glass full
Interviewer:  and then you would say to me How mu- how much do- Have you
255:  How much did you drink
Interviewer:  Right and how much have you
255:  drank How much uh How much have you no if I was in a conversation with you and you were wondering and I asked you how much did you drink
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
255:  #1 Is that what you want? alright #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah okay # And uh then we say we sure do blank a lot of water
255:  We sure We sure do drink a lot of water
Interviewer:  {NW} When dinner is on the table and the family is standing around waiting to begin Uh What do you say to them? #1 Like if you- if everybody is standing around and everybody is #
255:  #2 I say I say please sit down # I say let's sit down
Interviewer:  Right and then uh right
Interviewer:  And Let's say um If some people come up to the dining room and you say And you If someone Somebody some person comes up to the dining room And you ask them won't you
255:  Join us
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm #
255:  #2 Won't you sit down #
Interviewer:  And then
255:  Won't you eat with us
Interviewer:  So then he Blank and began to eat So he sat down and began to eat And nobody else was standing and they all
255:  They all were sitting
Interviewer:  #1 Right #
255:  #2 All were seated #
Interviewer:  If you want someone uh to wait until the potatoes have passed You say I mean if you want someone not to wait I mean you just say Sit down and you have these potatoes and you say You go up to them and you and you don't want 'em to wait #1 So you say #
255:  #2 Oh # Uh help yourself and pass it before you pass it
Interviewer:  So he went ahead and blank himself
255:  Helped himself
Interviewer:  Since he already Since uh Since he had already blanked himself I asked him to pass them over to me Since he had already #1 blank #
255:  #2 Since he had already uh # Like uh {X} Talking about rice a bowl of rice
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah you were talking about #
255:  #2 And he helped himself #
Interviewer:  #1 Right #
255:  #2 After he helped himself he passed it to me #
Interviewer:  Right that's good If you decided to eat something You'd say I don't
255:  If I decided #1 To eat or not to eat #
Interviewer:  #2 I mean not to eat something # #1 Like you say #
255:  #2 I don't like it #
Interviewer:  Okay
255:  I don't care for it
Interviewer:  If the food has been cooked and served a second time You say it has been
255:  Well uh Lots of times you would say Do you want seconds Or are we having seconds or
Interviewer:  Or if if like a food that you ate last night #1 for last night's supper #
255:  #2 Oh uh leftovers # We're having leftovers for supper tonight
Interviewer:  Alright And uh the action of uh Putting those leftovers on the stove would be
255:  Heating them up
Interviewer:  Right {NW} If you put food in your mouth and then uh and then you begin to Like when you eat the food and then you put it in your mouth what do you do
255:  You chew it Swallow it Chew it
Interviewer:  A dish made out of boiled Indian meat {NW} A dish made out of boiled Indian meal And some other kind of liquid What's a dish that's made out of uh boiled Indian meal and some other kind of uh liquid
255:  Mush uh perhaps I don't know what you would call it
Interviewer:  Do you ever uh use any milk or water for it?
255:  I eat uh I've eaten when I was young I would have hominy with uh sugar and milk on it all the time as a cereal and I'd later eat it as a vegetable with meat and with butter on it
Interviewer:  {NW} Uh What about uh Did you ever have salt on it and have it served?
255:  Well as where salt is needed you put salt on it
Interviewer:  How is it served generally?
255:  What?
Interviewer:  What did you say? I forgot
255:  Hominy?
Interviewer:  Yeah
255:  Hominy is made from corn and uh you can use it as a cereal with uh uh salt hominy with uh sugar and and cream or milk and then later you can eat it as with fish as a vegetable or meat with butter on it We eat it all the time that way
Interviewer:  And how is mush or hominy served?
255:  Uh well hominy it's uh in uh in uh big bowl it's uh it's not stiff it's uh like a liquid, mushy like, not somewhat firm but not too firm Depends on how people like it, some people like it cooked rather stiff I don't
Interviewer:  mm-hmm Uh what do you call peas, beets, and the like?
255:  Vegetables
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and they grow in a what?
255:  Garden
Interviewer:  A small plot near the house where you might have uh That well you've already mentioned that um what is uh this starch made from inside a grain raised in Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas I think it is raised here in Florida too but not too much
255:  What is starch you say
Interviewer:  Yeah the type that Chinese and Japanese eat all the time You can fry it you know and little white stuff And it's Japanese and Chinese eat it all the time too
255:  Isn't it a vegetable
Interviewer:  Yeah And it grows it's a grain and it grows In a marsh type uh situation
255:  Rice
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
255:  Oh yeah I love rice {NW}
Interviewer:  What are some names for Uh non-tax paid alcoholic beverages
255:  What is some Would you #1 repeat that #
Interviewer:  #2 Some names for um # non-tax paid alcoholic beverages
255:  You mean moonshine
Interviewer:  Yeah
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  You ever hear any other names for it?
255:  white lightning There are all sorts of names for moonshine let's see
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of the expression {X}
255:  Nope
Interviewer:  When something's cooking and it makes a good expression in your nostrils And you just and you say to someone it just {X} Or just blank it
255:  Smells good you say?
Interviewer:  Right or if you tell some guy to go up and
255:  Sniff it
Interviewer:  Or you just used the word
255:  Taste it
Interviewer:  No Did you sm- If you're uh
255:  Smell it
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Uh you crush cane and boil the juice and make what
255:  Juice of what
Interviewer:  Uh we already went over that Okay uh That was molasses You might say molasses blank thick Like uh
255:  Uh thick as molasses That's an expression
Interviewer:  Right
255:  {X}
Interviewer:  What would you call the sweet sticky liquid you put On your flapjacks
255:  Syrup
Interviewer:  Is there any imitation uh Let's say let's say this isn't Imitation syrup it's
255:  Corn syrup
Interviewer:  Or if it's the real thing it's
255:  It's cane cane syrup also can be Of course it could be other types of syrup
Interviewer:  Yeah but if some guy says that tastes like imitation I say that's not imitation That comes from the real uh stuff that's uh
255:  That's uh that's uh um Cane syrup that's the that's the real stuff #1 as far as I am concerned #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay let's talk about uh # Maple syrup
255:  Maple syrup good #1 But you don't have maple syrup down this way you have that in Vermont #
Interviewer:  #2 Right # And let's say if I had some stuff Some real maple syrup from Vermont and some guy tastes it and he says Well that tastes like imitation and I say that isn't imitation that cost me ten dollars a gallon And that stuff is
255:  Well The real stuff or or Or real maple syrup I don't know I would not know the expression That stuff is is real
Interviewer:  Or it is an imitation it's gen-
255:  Genuine
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm #
255:  #2 Genuine maple syrup # {X}
Interviewer:  Um Sugar is sold Okay all right Oh yeah right Sugar is sold Retail already in packages and wholesale it's sold in
255:  Brown sugar You you don't you don't usually have sugar in a In a sack I don't think I mean a A a crocker sack like You It's it's a I believe it's in a barrel
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and if it's all broken up what would you call it?
255:  If sugar is all broken up
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
255:  Sugar is all broken up
Interviewer:  Yeah and it's like in little individual packs and all
255:  Crystals
Interviewer:  Alright let's say if I had a dog tied up And I took off his chain and #1 Let him #
255:  #2 Unleashed him #
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah #
255:  #2 Or released him # Or unleashed him took him off the leash or
Interviewer:  Or he's all tied up and ready to go and I
255:  Let him go
Interviewer:  Right and there's other a couple other words Or if I had uh If I had A bunch of bundles you know of uh sticks together and they were all tied together and I Snipped 'em And they all fell apart they were
255:  Can't think
Interviewer:  Okay um Now I don't know if you have heard of this you probably did you were into banking Uh Are you into stocks
255:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Okay uh If you buy a whole bunch of stocks sometimes you buy 'em in a A hundred a unit What is that what do you call that? #1 Buying a #
255:  #2 Share #
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah #
255:  #2 Share of stocks #
Interviewer:  And then there's a large amount that you buy them in
255:  Well no you buy shares of stocks that's all you buy #1 That's all you #
Interviewer:  #2 Right # And then sometimes as I understand you have to buy a Like some Companies will not let you buy one share they let you buy
255:  A hundred shares or ten shares
Interviewer:  Right and then the hundred shares you buy what is that called?
255:  Block Block of stock Is that what you're looking for
Interviewer:  #1 Something like that #
255:  #2 Yeah yeah #
Interviewer:  Uh
255:  I want a block of this stock That usually the man would say that to be two-three hundred shares
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm okay when sugar Uh Before it comes to a retail store and it's all in this individual packs and it's in a bunch of big boxes And they ship it to the store what do they call that? You know that they that they all put together in big boxes before it's Taken out
255:  Well I think some of them come in a hogshead Myself or a barrel see but uh I don't know what other name you could Call it Some technical name I guess you're thinking of
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Okay what do you call the sweet Uh spread that you would Make by boiling sugar and Um What would you call the sweet spread that you make by boiling sugar and the juice of either apples, peaches Or strawberries
255:  Jelly
Interviewer:  Okay Uh #1 Okay what would you do okay if you put it up okay that's right #
255:  #2 Jam jellies or jam #
Interviewer:  Uh what would you have Uh On the table to season food with Two different things
255:  Salt and pepper
Interviewer:  Okay Uh If there are some apples And a child wants one he says Blank the apple
255:  Pass the apples
Interviewer:  Or if he demands it he says
255:  Give me an apple Or I want an apple
Interviewer:  And uh if somebody offers you a peach you say no give me
255:  An orange
Interviewer:  Or if you wanted the last thing that we were talking about
255:  Apple No give me an apple
Interviewer:  Okay
Interviewer:  And then if you're talking about uh A group of boys and you say no It wasn't these boys it must have been
255:  Doing something bad
Interviewer:  It must have been
255:  Another gang or
Interviewer:  If you're pointing at it wasn't These boys it was
255:  #1 Those boys #
Interviewer:  #2 Right # Or suppose you're identifying a certain group you said It wasn't these boys it was well we already said that Or if you say if if you Talking about a particular Person and you say No it must have been one of
255:  Them
Interviewer:  Alright
Interviewer:  If you are pointing to a tree Uh a ways off You might say It's
255:  It's a mile away or it's a It's a long ways It's a long way away
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm They used to have a song during the second world war they used to say uh
255:  blow some pines
Interviewer:  No it was um
255:  Oh
Interviewer:  #1 When they when they'd point and they'd say #
255:  #2 Oh oh yeah uh # {NW} It's a long long way to Tipperary I think {X}
Interviewer:  How about the one over there
255:  Yes over there that's true Over there that's over there that's why you gotta get to that It's over there in that direction
Interviewer:  And then if you say to someone you uh don't do it That way do it
255:  This way
Interviewer:  Uh-huh When someone speaks to you and you don't hear what he says Uh you say What did you say? Yeah and Uh like
255:  #1 Uh I didn't hear you #
Interviewer:  #2 Or you would say uh # {NW} Right no it was good If a man has plenty of money and doesn't have anything to worry about But life is hard on the man Uh He what would you call him
255:  He had plenty of money and life was hard on him
Interviewer:  If a man has plenty of money and he doesn't have anything to worry about But life is hard on the man You call uh
255:  Rich man
Interviewer:  Or you'd say that's a Let's say life if the guy had a lot of money Or that well sort of uh
255:  He could be a philanthropist because he may not give it away even if he holding it
Interviewer:  Yeah
255:  Maybe uh uh Uh
Interviewer:  Okay if you have a lotta uh a lot of peach trees you have Like in a in a group
255:  Yes alright yeah well uh Course you have an orange grove and a peach Peach
255:  Looks like we get served something here
Auxiliary:  Y'all need to drink something y'all sounded pretty dry
Interviewer:  So we're talking about uh Right And you had said an orange grove and Up North they usually call them
255:  Peach orchard
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm okay Uh when a When I was a boy my father was poor but the next boy was
255:  The next boy
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
255:  When I was young my father was poor
Interviewer:  But next door the boy was
255:  Oh the next door Uh was uh Rich or wealthy
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
255:  Do you need a nickname for him or something
Interviewer:  See what it says here when I was a boy my father was poor but next door Was a boy
255:  Who had everything Who
Interviewer:  #1 Or if you're talking about #
255:  #2 Was rich #
Interviewer:  Or about his father you'd say Next door Was a boy And you
255:  And his father was wealthy
Interviewer:  Right Uh
Interviewer:  Uh inside a cherry uh There is a part that you don't eat
255:  Pit
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Inside a peach what do you call that
255:  Peach stone Stone I swallowed one time And I came very dying And somebody came up and saved my life I was Black in the face and He stood me up and pounded me in the back and the peach seed went about 20 feet Straight out of my throat Seed peach seed
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Uh The kind of peach where the flesh is tight against the stone You ever hear that?
255:  Uh yes it's uh freestone peaches and cling clingstone peaches {NW}
Interviewer:  Right And what's uh what would you call a freestone peach
255:  Bit of the flesh It uh pulls away from the seed
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What do you call a uh The part of the apple that you throw away
255:  Core
Interviewer:  Right uh When you cut up apples and peaches and dry them You're making
255:  Course you know you gotta dry apples you can buy dry apples cut up slices of dry apples
Interviewer:  Do you ever call them snits?
255:  No
Interviewer:  #1 Okay #
255:  #2 Nothing #
Interviewer:  What kind of nuts do you pull out of the gourd and roast
255:  Uh chestnuts
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm #1 They have a few up in Georgia there #
255:  #2 Yeah I know they do # Key is in old swampland you find a chestnut tree I went down there frequently
Interviewer:  What about uh the president of the united states was known for being a farmer of
255:  Peanuts
Interviewer:  Right You ever hear them called any other name
255:  Goobers
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm what other kinds of nuts you were talking about you were talking about different types
255:  Chestnuts pecan nuts
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm what about that hard covering on the walnut what would you call that
255:  Shell
Interviewer:  When a walnut falls off a tree there's a soft covering around it what would you call that
255:  They don't have walnuts down here No I'm not familiar with that I've never seen a walnut except in a store
Interviewer:  Hmm uh and other kind of nuts that grown down south long and flat shaped uh that with a thin and porous shell
255:  Peanuts
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm that's one but is there sort of thin and sort of long and round and comes to a point at each end and it's sort of harder than a peanut
255:  Nut
Interviewer:  Uh-huh it almost had like a woody top on it okay
255:  {X}
Interviewer:  I think you mentioned it earlier anyways
255:  Chestnut
Interviewer:  Or the flat oval shaped nut with perforated shells that you would buy at Christmas time
255:  Oh there's uh {NW} A white yellow covering like uh Uh Oh I can't almond almond nut
Interviewer:  Yeah mm-hmm
255:  Oh
Interviewer:  Um let's see the kind of fruit about as big as you know what you already mentioned that let's see uh if there was bowl of oranges standing somewhere and one day you go out to get one and there aren't any left you'd say the oranges are all
255:  Gone
Interviewer:  Right and uh alright that's funny um the red vegetables that are peppery little red vegetables little peppery hot things
255:  Datil peppers
Interviewer:  No they grow in the ground and little red vegetables that are dark like they look like a turnip but there's a lot small
255:  Radish
Interviewer:  Right uh the red the round red things that grow on leafy plants staked up in the garden the Italians like them a lot too you use them in the workings
255:  not rice
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
255:  Yeah something
Interviewer:  Another another one we're talking about now
255:  Uh not turnips no {NS}
Interviewer:  No they're they're mushy and a lot of them as I understand they come from Italy and they grow on these stakes and you have them around here a lot too uh they they put Italians use them for putting in their pastes you know and you have it on spaghetti and you have it in sauce it's red
255:  It's not a pepper
Interviewer:  No it's not peppery it's sort of bland
255:  I don't know
Interviewer:  And it's got a mushy skin and you find it it's a common thing in a produce market you put it in salads too
255:  {X}
Interviewer:  What do you usually eat
255:  Onions no
Interviewer:  No what do you usually eat in a salad
255:  Lettuce {NS} Salad dressing {X} Cucumbers {NS} Some radish
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm but there's something that's sort of mushy
255:  There's sweet peppers No I can't figure it out
Interviewer:  Uh they're small red veg- they're kind of a red vegetable grown a bush also on a bush you slice them and then you eat them with lettuce
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  And you make ketchup out of them
255:  Right Tomatoes
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
255:  {X} {NW} That's {NW} {X} {X} Thing as something as grow in the ground {X} Tomatoes myself about twice {X}
Interviewer:  Yeah we have a bit down here that's true {NW} Uh okay what would you call the little small tomatoes no bigger than
255:  There's a there's a name for them cherry Cherry tomatoes
Interviewer:  Uh along with your meat you might have baked we were talking about that uh but you talked about the different types of potatoes what about the ones with the yellow meat
255:  Sweet potatoes
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and uh you ever hear of any other names
255:  Yams We used to grow yams
Interviewer:  Okay we were talking about onions and the little fresh ones that you eat you know what you call those
255:  It's uh {X} I can't just call the name right now Uh scallions
Interviewer:  Yeah mm-hmm what are some of the vegetables you would use for a good soup
255:  Soup
Interviewer:  Yeah for a good soup
255:  Oh well we put oh we put all sorts of vegetables in soup potatoes {NW} Peas {X} And English peas butter beans Corn
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
255:  cooks the best tomatoes
Interviewer:  What about uh gumbo
255:  Gumbo you put okra And the main thing would be okra and gumbo
Interviewer:  What would you what if you have an apple or a plum around it see well if you have an apple or a plum around it it will dry out and
255:  Apples will {X} Sink and eventually rot
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and if you take an apple and if you say put it above your stove and it just #1 Slicks #
255:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Right and it gets all wrinkly what do you call that
255:  Well you why would you want to do anything like that with an apple {NW}
Interviewer:  Maybe by mistake or
255:  Yeah I see well it would sink and and dry out dry out
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm uh if you wanted to get the beans out of the pod by hand you'd say you'd have to
255:  Shuck them or peel them
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm the large yellowish flat beans the shells but not the pod what do you call those
255:  Large yellow beans
Interviewer:  Yeah yellowish black beans the shells not the pods
255:  The shells not the pod Oh I see The peas themselves you mean
Interviewer:  Uh-huh right
255:  Butter beans
Interviewer:  Right
255:  Yeah
Interviewer:  The kind of beans that you eat pod and all
255:  Oh that's coffees
Interviewer:  Yeah but they are sometimes the color of this rug too they call them that too
255:  Well green beans
Interviewer:  Right
255:  English peas green beans Green beans even more actually.
Interviewer:  And uh you take the top of turnips and you cook them and make a mess of
255:  {NW} Turnip uh turnip greens
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm what other greens do you use besides turnip tops
255:  I use collard type collards Texas colored people love collard greens I never eat them
Interviewer:  What other types of what other is there any does it make any difference in the size or the color of the butter bean you know is there a name that they call it
255:  Well they they they call uh the butter beans uh small uh they've got a name for them and some are small some are large {X} {NW} Better than the other you put butter on them Cook them well I don't know the names of
Interviewer:  {NW} If you're telling if a friend of yours is going out and you want him to buy you some lettuce you'd say please buy me blank of lettuce
255:  Head of lettuce
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and if you say please buy me three blank of lettuce
255:  Three heads of lettuce
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm if you have two boys and three girls you have
255:  You have five children. We only had four. {NW}
Interviewer:  Um do you ever speak of them as so many heads or something like that
255:  {NW} Yeah yeah that's I don't do that but that's a common phrase I've got six heads of children I've got six heads
Interviewer:  Of course
255:  How many children you got six heads I'd say that just a common expression I wouldn't say that though
Interviewer:  If he had seven boys and seven girls you might say he had a blank of children
255:  You could say say a bunch {NW}
Interviewer:  Did you ever use the word passel
255:  What
Interviewer:  Passel or passel I think it's called {C: pronunciation}
255:  Yeah well P-A -assel Uh yes but that would be a An unusual expression somebody Would be sort of kidding when they say that I imagine I don't believe that {NS} {X} I don't know when they'd want to use He has a passel of children
Interviewer:  Outside of uh what is the outside of the airport
255:  classic
Interviewer:  Uh-huh what is the kind of corn that you would eat on the cob
255:  Uh I like that white corn most people eat yellow corn {NW} Yellow corn's more easy to get but I like white corn
Interviewer:  And the kind of corn that is tender enough to eat off the cob is
255:  Is uh green corn {X}
Interviewer:  Right um what do you call the top of the corn stalk
255:  Tassel
Interviewer:  The stringy stuff that comes out of the end of the corn shucks and that you have to brush off the ear when you take the shucks off
255:  I used to smoke that when I was young dry {NS} I can't think of the name of it now
Interviewer:  You ever call it {D: tossel} or
255:  No
Interviewer:  Silk
255:  Silk
Interviewer:  Corn bread
255:  Called it silk called it silk
Interviewer:  Corn button
255:  Called it silk
Interviewer:  Uh-huh a large round fruit that grows on the ground that you make out of pie out of Thanksgiving
255:  Pumpkin
Interviewer:  Right the kind of small yellow cooked {D: necked} vegetable yellow crooked necked vegetable right
255:  Squash
Interviewer:  Right or any names for it when you dry it
255:  Well you Course you could You can have uh you can grow gourds But I don't think that's squash {X} Dried it {X} Used as a water dipper Used as a dipper or gourd Or as a place for {X} birds {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
255:  {X} {NS}
Interviewer:  Right um uh what kind of uh melons would you raise
255:  Watermelons mush melons
Interviewer:  Uh the kind of melon with the yellow meat
255:  That's that's a cantaloupe Uh what strings up what springs up in the woods and fields after a rain there's little white {X}
Interviewer:  No they're little white {D: umbrella} uh things
255:  Oh
Interviewer:  Yeah they come up and they're sort of they're a fungus
255:  Yes They grow in my yard here too I don't know I don't eat them though {NW} Oh dear what is the name for them goodness {NS} well spores {NS} I entirely can't think
Interviewer:  Well it sounds like the thing that we were talking about
255:  Mushrooms
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm right if you think if uh I don't know if you mentioned p {X} but when we were talking about melons when they're large and they're green and people sometimes pickle the rind
255:  {X} {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh what different kinds do you have of these
255:  What different kinds
Interviewer:  Yeah
255:  Oh my goodness there's definitely watermelon No question of watermelon {X}
Interviewer:  Why why did they call it those
255:  They call them different names and they know what they are they have a The different shapes you know a lot of them A lot of them are round a lot of them are like eggs a lot of them are {NS} like sausage {NS} A lot of them have stripes on them Running {X} circles {NW}
Interviewer:  I was wondering you were talking about the mushrooms out here in your front yard uh
255:  Toad stools we call them {NW}
Interviewer:  What was that you called them
255:  Frog stools {NS}
Interviewer:  Um if a man had a store a sore throat so the inside of {X} You already said that okay um what do people usually smoke
255:  Cigarettes cigars pipe
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm um there was a lot of let's say there were a lot of people at a party having a good time they're standing around the piano and they were standing around the piano what were they doing
255:  Singing
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and if a funny story had been told they would all be
255:  Laughing
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and if you let's say somebody offers to you a favor you would say I appreciate it but I don't want to be
255:  In debt to you I don't want to That's the thing you're looking for I don't want to be under obligation
Interviewer:  Right anybody asks about you see somebody asks about you doing a certain job and you'd say sure I blank do it
255:  I will do it or I might do it it depends
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and if you're able you say I
255:  I will do it if I'm able or I will do it if I have time
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm if somebody asks you about uh say if somebody asks you mm-hmm if somebody asks you {D: about sundown} to do some work and you say I got up to work before sun up and I blank all I'm going to do today
255:  You're up before sunrise and
Interviewer:  I blank all I all I'm going to do today like you said
255:  I've done you could say but I {NS}
Interviewer:  Right
255:  I've done all I'm going to do today I got up before sunrise {X} {NS} I've done all I'm going to do today
Interviewer:  If you're already talking about the fact that so few of your old friends are still alive you might say I spent all week looking for my high school classmates and it seems they're
255:  All gone
Interviewer:  Yeah that's a terrible question that's not nice I don't know why that put that in there uh in such a situation in such a situation he blank to be careful
255:  In such a situation I better be careful
Interviewer:  Or he blank be careful
255:  He better be careful
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm okay or or speaking of the fact that corn seems short you might say all this year it blank taller
255:  Said all what #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Corn is really short and you say well all this year it blank taller you know it's such really short this year and you say all this year it blank taller A favorite expression by an old uncle of mine {X} when he had a failure of a corn crop he would say that gophers could eat the tassels off of my corn {NW} Oh that's a good one let's see uh uh you say all let's say when you were a kid you probably may have said this I dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I'll bet you
255:  Bet you'll you'll whistle
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm but like if I'm going to go up you
255:  Might still be running
Interviewer:  Or like when you were younger and another kid came up to you and said I dare you I really dare you if you go through that graveyard at night I bet but I'll bet you let's see I dare you that if you go through that graveyard at night I'll bet you like Like if you don't think or if you went up to another kid and you just told him that and you said I dare you to go through that graveyard and
255:  I bet I bet you won't do it or I bet you'll {X} If you do it you'll run or what
Interviewer:  The negative of dare you
255:  I bet you
Interviewer:  Okay
255:  {X} {NW}
Interviewer:  You knew uh you know when you first agreed let's see you know when you first agreed to go that you blank to tell your mother
255:  You do or you first to #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Well yeah like # If like
255:  You planned to tell your mother #1 You forgot #
Interviewer:  #2 Right #
255:  to tell your mother
Interviewer:  No it's like playing
255:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Uh if you just go up to her and you know you're obligated to tell your mother so you say that you should whatever okay
255:  You'd ask your mother's permission
Interviewer:  Right a boy got a whip and you say let's say a boy got a whipping and you say I bet he did something he shou-
255:  {NW} Shouldn't have done
Interviewer:  Right
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Um
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  And then someone might go up to you and say will you dare do it and then you say no I like if I go up to like someone going up to you will you dare do that and then you say no I
255:  No I won't but uh
Interviewer:  Right
255:  Be one expression
Interviewer:  Uh when you get something done that was hard work all by yourself and your friend was standing around without helping you'd say you like you know if you were working all the time and you're doing a lot of jobs and working this friend was watching you and you say well you
255:  {X} He's lazy for one thing
Interviewer:  Right and if he could have helped you then you would say you
255:  Uh You're not much of a helper
Interviewer:  Right
255:  You're lazy
Interviewer:  Uh suggesting the possibility of being able to do something you'd say I'm not sure but I
255:  I might {NS}
Interviewer:  {X}
255:  I might I'm not sure but I might do it
Interviewer:  Or you might say if it if it quits raining let's see yeah if you {X} it quits raining by Thursday I
255:  I'll go with you I'll Work with you I'll do whatever it {X}
Interviewer:  Or if you were talking about doing it I blank over the yard work get all the yard work finished I
255:  I'll uh I'll go with you if I complete my work or if I #1 Finish what I'm doing #
Interviewer:  #2 Or # I blank get all the yard work finished
255:  I Course if I get all the yard work finished
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm the kind of bird that can see in the dark
255:  Owl
Interviewer:  Uh-huh ever hear any other words for them where they're kind of birds you know and that seem like scary in the graveyard or in the barn or anything like that any different types of them
255:  Well I imagine other birds can see at night besides owls but I don't know Uh {X} Hawk
Interviewer:  Okay the bird which hoots at night
255:  Well that's an owl of course
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm is there any
255:  Hoot owl
Interviewer:  Beg your pardon
255:  A hoot owl
Interviewer:  Hoot owl
255:  Different {X}
Interviewer:  What does that look like
255:  What an owl
Interviewer:  Yeah that one
255:  It has a it has a beak like a hawk and his great big eyes blink {NW}
Interviewer:  What kind of bird what other kind of birds that drill holes in trees
255:  Uh Uh they really can drill a hole too Uh jay birds jay birds Yeah jay birds will live in the hole make a nest in the tree
Interviewer:  Yes and what about the window it usually has a red head and it
255:  Wood woodpecker
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
255:  Yeah
Interviewer:  You ever hear it called peckerwood
255:  Peckerwood {NW} Of course there's {X} to get this full of {X} peckerwood {X} {X}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm um what about the kind of black and white animal with a powerful smell
255:  Skunk
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm any other names for it
255:  Yeah other names they have uh Oh dear
Interviewer:  What kind of animals come and raid hen houses {X}
255:  Weasel will do it or coons They'll take the eggs
Interviewer:  Any names for uh that take care of them all
255:  You mean it'll kill {X} {X} Uh I know what you mean to say but {X} Uh Uh can't think of the name Now there is a name that covers them all
Interviewer:  Yeah and you might say I'm going to get me a gun and some traps and shoot those okay you ever heard the word varmin
255:  Surely yes
Interviewer:  Okay
255:  Varmints that will cover them all right {NW}
Interviewer:  What about the bushy tailed animal in the tree tops and the city streets
255:  Squirrels
Interviewer:  What color are they
255:  Gray squirrel {X}
Interviewer:  Whether they're uh yeah and what about uh wait how do these uh different colors different squirrels compare in size
255:  {NW} Well a flying squirrel is not very large. A gray squirrel is a pretty good size squirrel {X} and yeah but uh {NW} They they're small I've seen a small flying squirrel
Interviewer:  What about a red colored squirrel
255:  Well I don't know particularly and I I imagine it would be larger
Interviewer:  Any sort of animal that's like a squirrel but doesn't climb trees
255:  Any sort of animal like a squirrel that doesn't climb trees
Interviewer:  Uh-huh you mentioned
255:  Oh there's gopher
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
255:  The gopher I was talking about was a land turtle We call a land turtle a gopher here
Interviewer:  Really
255:  We {X} that's a real part of our food {NW} Eat la- land turtles which are gophers we call them gophers {NW} Gopher stew is I think you'll find a a menu in there for a gopher stew in that book I think that was a big {NW} delicacy for {X} people
Interviewer:  Hmm that's interesting and these are in freshwater and salt water
255:  What
Interviewer:  Land these type turtles
255:  {X}
Interviewer:  Okay, so this is the second side of tape number four and uh...let's see. When I last was with you Mr. {B} we uh were discussing I think oh yeah, we were talking about different kinds of owls Would you happen to know of any different names for the types of owls around here that you happen to know of
255:  screech owl is one and um I've heard different names of owls and I I know a screech owl is one
Interviewer:  Well that's good, okay and uh, you happen to know the type of owl that hoots at night? and uh {NW} uh it's a
255:  I would think that all owl owls hoot at night
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  I don't know why they shouldn't all hoot
Interviewer:  well, there's one that's uh
255:  particularly hooting owl?
Interviewer:  Yeah
255:  well I don't know {NS}
Interviewer:  okay oh wow we've already gone over that {NS} oh here on you're right, we just, we went over that, right we're at the point of where we're talking about uh just about getting to talking about the fish around here uh, I was wondering {NS} what kinds of uh uh what {NS} okay, here we go {NW} what are the uh...what different kinds of fish do you get around here?
255:  Mullet is the most common fish that uh the is a staple food for our people uh, but there all kinds of fish, sheep head, sheep's head sheep's head uh, and then, uh bass. Red bass. of course these are salt water fish I'm talking about, not fresh water fish we have little fresh water over this area You go over to the SaintJohn's to get fresh water fish but in this area. the east of the county, sheep's head, uh red bass, choke {X} kind of choke and um, um all sorts of pan fish, uh yellow tail uh pig fish and uh croakers #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 do you happen to #
255:  caught outside yeah and mackerel and uh sail fish I caught outside here talking swordfish mainly {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. do you have to know of the uh any the Minorcan names for uh the fish around here they used to call?
255:  no, i don't mullet was a sort of a main staple for Minorcans uh easily caught in {D: practical} numbers both in the Saint Johns River and in the Kansas river north of here
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm, and uh, how far do you say this is the Saint John's river I think that's fresh water isn't it how far is it from here?
255:  it's uh, due west, uh say sixteen miles and it runs out county it's the western boundary of our county and {X} over county The Saint John's river is about thirty something miles long over our county side
Interviewer:  mm-hmm did you ever uh happen to know of any names for the {x} for the spotted black mullet that the Minorcans used to call them
255:  spotted, black mullet
Interviewer:  #1 yeah #
255:  #2 never heard of mullet stripped, spotted black mullet # you see there are mud suckers uh {x} the inside of them have uh dark lining of the stomach is all dark and uh, that doesn't bother ya, just scrape it out but there are mud suckers in this general area.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear the term Joe wreath?
255:  Joe what?
Interviewer:  Wreath.
255:  how do you spell wreath?
Interviewer:  W-R-E-A-T-H.
255:  never heard of it
Interviewer:  uh, what about uh the Minorcan term for lady fish called a {D: crowball}
255:  there may be but I don't know anything about it
Interviewer:  uh-huh or did you happen to know the Minorcan name for the spotted fish the {D: bazuga}
255:  no, never
Interviewer:  okay uh {NW} now there's one thing I've been wondering of what cloaks in the marshes this type of animal that cloaks in the marshes
255:  well, frogs I'm sure, are, their in the marshes
Interviewer:  uh did you ever hear any of these uh make a noise around here at night
255:  oh when it rains you can have uh not necessarily in the marshes but they're in the yard here all over the place frogs croaking incessantly
Interviewer:  mm-hmm and uh what do you call the uh little frogs that come in the spring you know that don't grow very much about over an inch or so
255:  i don't know what you call them. i have no particular name for them
Interviewer:  what about the big large frogs
255:  bull frogs is what you call larger I imagine
Interviewer:  and uh {NW} you ever hear of the term uh, spring frog or tree frog?
255:  uh, yes I've heard of that. well I think the I think the spring frog is one of the the that's edible ate frog legs out here but you'll catch fresh water
Interviewer:  Alright, do you happen to know the type of frogs that um kind of it's brown and it lives in a garden usually and it gives warts
255:  uh, well uh cuz I would call that a bull frog but it may not be but and I guess it gives warts I don't know what they do I never had any experience with that
Interviewer:  well it's primarily a dry land frog
255:  I have hunted frogs uh, with a paddle and night with a light up in up in Michigan, Wolf Lake which is just outside of Detroit on summer i was up there for several weeks I went frog hunting two or three times and large frogs would jump a long ways
Interviewer:  mm-hmm uh that sounds interesting I've had no experience of that so um one thing I was wondering do you happen to know those things that you uh, that you dig for in a use when fishing
255:  what? fishing {X} you can find them everywhere
Interviewer:  mm-hmm, you happen to know of any terms you'd call them?
255:  no
Interviewer:  okay {NW}
255:  I'm sure they have nicknames but I don't know them
Interviewer:  now you mentioned there was uh a turtle that went on land yesterday
255:  yeah gopher
Interviewer:  right, and what about the type that you happen to know of any uh what you call the ones that go in the water?
255:  uh, sea turtle is uh, what I would call them and uh they grow quite large and that's how they're different kinds cuz say they have alligator turtle that grows in freshwater ponds they have uh protruding tails six of oh six very inches uh and they, they're, they're almost like a snapping turtle, they'll bite you a gopher won't bother you at all has a very little tail that just sticks out a tail a little bit a sea turtle uh that's why I would think they're lazy turtle eggs and I've had, well I've gotten turtle eggs many times I've written on the back of those big turtles I've caught their eggs as I would let them down uh, they dig a hole and uh, I'd go up there and uh we'd rob the next egg she would lay and we lay three or four eggs at a time and we'd catch the eggs, and when they were finished, uh of course, uh, she would insist upon covering up the hole it was empty of eggs and patted the hole, good hole then you wouldn't have to go through the process before she'd start back through the water and then she would scour for the area for us to mislead somebody to finding the nest almost big as this room
Interviewer:  Amazing {NW} wow, uh, what about the kind of,uh thing you find in fresh water streams it's got claws and when you turn it over on awry it sometimes swims away backwards
255:  swims away backwards crawfish?
Interviewer:  mm-hmm um
255:  listen, look, Louisiana, I don't really have a, they eat crawfish a good deal and they they, seven to ten pounds here years ago and they're delicious fry, deep fry 'em
Interviewer:  Uh, the type of insect that flies around uh a light and tries to fly into it and when you grab it uh, powder comes off on your hands
255:  moth?
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
255:  yeah
Interviewer:  you happen to know of any other names for it?
255:  no
Interviewer:  okay
255:  moth
Interviewer:  what would be the plural of that?
255:  moths, I imagine {NS}
Interviewer:  what did you say uh the plural of the
255:  moths, I imagine {D: words}
Interviewer:  and uh, what flies around uh with a light in its tail at night
255:  lighting bugs that's the common name for it
Interviewer:  uh and um long thin body insect with a very hard beak and two pairs of shiny wings and it hovers around damp places and eats it's own weight in mosquitoes
255:  a mosquito hawk dragon fly
Interviewer:  what kinds of uh stinging insects do you know of?
255:  well wasps and uh I've been stung by wasps, I've been stung by uh yellow jackets and I've been stung by bees
Interviewer:  what about uh
255:  and I've um I haven't been stung by these I I would think that these little scorpions {x} I think they would bite you put paws in your chest
Interviewer:  what about uh the kind of insect that builds up paper nests you know the size of a football and trees sometimes you can find it in your ledge sometimes
255:  been hanging from a tree or what?
Interviewer:  yeah, it's a, it's like a papery ne- uh, nest that they
255:  it's a wasp? build nests like that and uh and uh particularly the see, what is another name wasp uh {X} he shot into a nest one time and they came after us, I mean they ran us down and stung the devil out of us it just where we were and herded us up and I don't know I don't know wha- what uh they don't call that wasp they call it something else, I can't think right now
Interviewer:  did you ever hear that kind called uh hornets?
255:  hornets, yes it is
Interviewer:  is that what you were thinking about
255:  yes, that's right, that'd be hornet's nest that'd be good
Interviewer:  mm-hmm do you happen to know the different uh kinds of wasps that you'd have
255:  no, no, I wouldn't know much about that
Interviewer:  mm-hmm what about uh let's see, you were talking about yellow jackets uh do you happen to know the uh
255:  there's a wasp that blows uh mug dauber, they call it mug dauber's lake that uh and they the house um or a particular forsaken house and um lilies {x} mug daubers i think we'd call 'em, nicknames for 'em.
Interviewer:  Did you uh I think uh I don't know if you mentioned this type of uh bug that flies around at night and it it bites you all the time and it sometimes carries Malaria
255:  Mosquito?
Interviewer:  Right. and uh the small insect that uh that burrows in your skin and raises welts
255:  uh jiggers uh red bugs
Interviewer:  mm-hmm what uh, what are the uh, what are those insects that are uh some of them are green and some of them are brown that hop along the grass in summertime
255:  grasshopper?
Interviewer:  and the small uh fish, there's a, there's a small uh, very small type of fish that they use while times of freshwater fishing they use it for bait
255:  well there's a meadow where there's a, there's another name frog, guppies uh and some other name for small fish, I don't know it
Interviewer:  what do you call those things that uh stretch across the corners of like your room if you haven't cleaned it and all or in a barn or something and it uh
255:  spiderweb?
Interviewer:  is there any other names that you happen to know for it?
255:  no
Interviewer:  okay and uh the part of the tree that's uh goes underneath the ground is called a
255:  root?
Interviewer:  did you ever uh gather any special type of these uh things or ever go out #1 digging #
255:  #2 you mean like for medicinal? #
Interviewer:  uh yes
255:  uh oh not much but i have but just uh not seriously but I've been with people who would be digging medicinal roots which used to be quite a a man here did a lot of uh exporting of that he he had a random business he can call it randomly and it had all these old types of roots and he would have different oh he'd get a variety {x} different variety of medicinal roots and drove to our swamp here and uh he knew how to find 'em and dig 'em, and dry 'em and send 'em off {NS}
Interviewer:  did you happen to recall any of them?
255:  no let's see no let's see I I should be able to think of some of 'em Sassafras is a root i think make tea out of, the old folks did stomach aches um there's many medicinal roots i can't {X}
Interviewer:  uh the kind of tree that you tap for syrup
255:  well tap a maple tree we don't have those down here though
Interviewer:  what do you call the place where you uh where there's a lot of rock maples uh growing where uh you get the sugar from
255:  oh {NW} {NS} I think I would remember {X} I spent a summer in Hyde Park, Vermont and I I learned quite a bit about maple trees and what they call uh it's a funny name very odd name uh a bunch of maple tree is close I can't think of it right now if you mention it I'd tell you
Interviewer:  I think you used uh, may've used the same sort of uh term when you talked about uh the uh oranges down here they grow in a
255:  the grove? no they don't call maple grove
Interviewer:  well they call it uh
255:  something else
Interviewer:  uh sugar orchard?
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  or a sugar bush or
255:  sugar bush, sugar bush might be the name but they have uh course they have uh {X} a sugaring off party, I attended one of those one time with the governor of uh the governor of uh from march Sherman Adams he was uh President Eisenhower's {X} Friday he was he was governor of New Hampshire at that time and he was over to this party sugaring off party in Hyde Park, Vermont there was an American forestry meeting one of their national meetings and he was there for that purpose and uh {X} they had it with uh they had maple syrup frozen iced and you eat it with your hands and very good {X} that's uh, I guess maple syrup, frozen maple syrup is probably what it was
Interviewer:  um, I was wondering, you happen to know the type of tree with broad leaves uh which are, I don't know if you have them down here but they're shed um they shed all at one time and a bark that peals when there are little uh knobs or balls and with a tough wood used for chopping blocks.
255:  no I
Interviewer:  there's a white, scaly bark on it
255:  I mean, I've seen groves of those up in New England uh but uh, they uh {X} think of it later but they they use them for pulp or just wood stock they use them for pulp but
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
255:  and um I can't think of them right now before the wood come off
Interviewer:  how long, I was wondering, how long have you been up in New England or did you go up there? {X}
255:  well of course I visited {X} several times, but I spent the summer in Hyde Park uh at the Hyde Park, Vermont and uh. there's around the area they deal and then Canada and uh one thing I did, I followed uh they have uh a a custom up there of uh of uh {NW} sorry, country circuses like uh, can't think what they're called but {X} they'd go to Saint Johnsbury and Hyde Park in Burlington and uh uh {X} within a radius of thirty, forty miles and they'd have all sorts of things New England customs and food and things to sell very interesting, I enjoyed it horse racing particularly the {NW} sorry, uh, what do you call the racing the horse in the little wagon, little uh two-year-old {X}
Interviewer:  {NW} I heard I heard their horses were called trotters but I forgot
255:  yes, uh, trot- that's right. trotters that's uh, trot- trot- trotting races they called it
Interviewer:  I was wondering uh did you ever happen to {x} about that tree you may have seen up there or is that never referred to as uh button wood ball wood
255:  I've I've heard of people talking about button wood but I really I couldn't describe. I never saw them, but no
Interviewer:  #1 think #
255:  #2 I just need #
Interviewer:  How about sycamore?
255:  No, not sycamore here, no
Interviewer:  uh-huh okay, uh, I was wondering do you happen to know the different common kinds of trees in this community
255:  this community?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  We have uh oak trees, live oaks and uh, and water oaks and we have uh of course several different kind of pines long leaf pines, short leaf pines, {D: celeste pine}, jack pine, sand pine and uh, the trees that have gum, sweet gum and eh red gum as opposed to red gum, the gums a good furniture stock and they made furniture out of that and there's some mahogany here small a cypress tree, many cypresses here um the um
Interviewer:  I was wondering, the kind of tree that uh George Washington was known to cut down you know that little #1 cherry tree #
255:  #2 cherry tree # the wild cherry grows here yeah
Interviewer:  what what did you say that was?
255:  wild cherry
Interviewer:  uh-huh and the kind of tree he cut down?
255:  cherry tree
Interviewer:  you have one out back there?
255:  uh, is one one's growing back there has sprung up a wild cherry and there's some all over here, they they don't make much of a tree though it makes uh a sort of a bush
Interviewer:  uh, the shrub whose leaves become very red in the fall and uh which is poison to some people do you happen to know that name?
255:  oleanders oleanders are poison to some people but they don't they do not they have all sorts of colors blue and white and
Interviewer:  #1 red #
255:  #2 red #
Interviewer:  guess one that say like it grows all in the road or by fences and uh like you know it in the fall the leaves turn real bright uh red uh
255:  I don't know I you're talking about is uh grow in the woods there the uh, uh {D: words} oh dear, I can't think of the name {D: words} my tongue now {NW} they're pretty easy, turns red this fall they're bushes, they're not trees
Interviewer:  mm-hmm and there there are small clusters of berries
255:  that's right, that's right can't think of the name
Interviewer:  mm-hmm, and uh, uh you ever heard of uh, the the Indians used to call them there's an Indian in there that called them uh poison uh
255:  Poison ivy? #1 no, uh #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: words} #
255:  Poison oak?
Interviewer:  mm, it starts with an S
255:  sassafras no i don't know
Interviewer:  uh you ever hear of sumac
255:  oh yeah that's what turns red that's that little bush that turns red, the sumac
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  but yeah, that's what it is. I couldn't think of it
Interviewer:  Any kinds of uh bushes that no, you you've already said that uh do you happen to know of the different kinds of sumac, you happen to know
255:  No, I don't
Interviewer:  okay, uh {NS}
255:  I've got some nice forestry books here that I've never looked at very much it tells all of that information {NW}
Interviewer:  yeah, and what about you mentioned something about uh the different kinds of uh uh well you mentioned something about poison ivy you happen to know any different kinds around here?
255:  no, but there's uh uh poison ivy, I think it has five leaves just a little far to the I've never run into it myself I've avoided it but the people who've got been stung by poison ivy are nothing but sad
Interviewer:  do you happen to know any names of the local berries around here?
255:  huckleberries?
Interviewer:  #1 any #
255:  #2 that's a # nice blue berry uh the edible berries you mean?
Interviewer:  yes I don't know anything but the huckleberry edible berries uh uh how about some- sometimes
255:  that's strawberries, that's a cultivated thing you speaking of wild things, aren't ya?
Interviewer:  uh, and cultivated too.
255:  of course strawberries are cultivated extensively here huckleberries are not cultivated but they've {X} blueberries
Interviewer:  what about the kind of berries that have uh a rough surface on them and they're red some are red and some are black but they're usually uh red
255:  you're speaking of grapes right?
Interviewer:  no, they they got a rough rough sort of bumpy surface on them and they're about that big and they grow a lot of times on uh i think they grow on a vine and uh some people
255:  #1 call them #
Interviewer:  #2 you think they grow in this area? #
255:  what makes you think they grow in this area?
Interviewer:  I don't know {NW} I was wondering uh
255:  I can't I can't think of the name if it was mentioned I would
Interviewer:  Okay, uh, raspberries
255:  we don't have any raspberries here that I know of
Interviewer:  alright okay uh now do you happen to know any uh the any type of um, berries that would uh grow in the woods that are not good to eat and if and if they uh could kill you, you would say there are
255:  uh poisonous uh who said that uh you're not speaking of a chinaberry. that's a that's a sort of a tree and used to be all the chinaberry trees here but not many now, but there's some but uh there are berries in the woods that I'm sure the grow there's uh that are edible, but I don't know them
Interviewer:  um, I don't know if they have these down here or not I don't think so there's a tall bush uh with clusters of beautiful pink and white flowers on them and it blooms in the late spring
255:  not oleanders
Interviewer:  I think these grow on the mountains
255:  flowers you have
Interviewer:  #1 yes #
255:  #2 there #
Interviewer:  there there are flowers they have
255:  uh, laurel not laurel?
Interviewer:  uh-huh
255:  they have bay trees who grow here in the in the uh swamps here great many of them, they have uh uh a white bloom and then of course they have the magnolia trees we have many magnolias they do a big tree and they're good wood, good good sill for timber {NS}
Interviewer:  now let's see, yeah, you were talking about uh, the magnolias, right
255:  yeah, there are several different kinds of magnolias here
Interviewer:  and then there are uh then there's a type of uh a tall bush with {NS} {X} okay, now, uh, there's a type of bush that's uh with much bigger, larger uh, longer stems and these usually grow way up in the mountains too i think you mentioned it too you ever hear of the the you ever hear of Rhododendron
255:  oh, yes rhododendron. They grow rhododendron down there oh boy, beautiful
Interviewer:  okay, now, if um a married woman doesn't want to make up her own mind she might say, well i must ask my or I must ask which is referring to
255:  ask her husband?
Interviewer:  mm-hmm and uh, let's see i was wondering uh what are the different terms that you use to call uh your father when you were a little boy?
255:  poppa i never called my father Dad I always called him poppa I notice my wife calls her father dad Daddy or dad
Interviewer:  what about uh
255:  and my children call me poppa P-O-P-P-A my granchil- everybody calls me that, all my grandchildren call me poppa
Interviewer:  and I was wondering, what did you call your mother?
255:  Uh, mama M-A-M-A
Interviewer:  and uh, what did your uh, what did the other boys usually call their parents?
255:  my fa- my family?
Interviewer:  Yeah, in your family or other families
255:  well, they uh, all my all my brothers called them the same thing I did and they uh uh all the old, mostly old times families called him poppa as I recall, all my old relatives {X} all those old-time folks always called their father poppa, mama, poppa and mama.
Interviewer:  Uh, and I was wondering, do you happen to know any uh affectionate terms that you might've called uh, your father's father
255:  no, I called my father's father grandpa and my mother's father grandpa
Interviewer:  mm-hmm um, I was wondering, do you happen to uh have any special pet names uh for a child? like uh, you might say, you say he is uh a cute little
255:  rascal? but uh I don't say that, let's see we no {X} I have no pet names for my children that I know of and uh Dora just just like in the show the other night of of uh {X} uh William Allen's {B} daughter Mary {B} {D: words} I saw it on television he called her uh a boy's name who father ought to know oh dear {D: words}
Interviewer:  uh, there are some things that are on wheels that you put a baby in and it'll lie down in there
255:  a baby carriage is one name and they have other names for it we have one upstairs right now big and big, white
Interviewer:  what about the type is there any special type that had eight to ten inch wheels with a cowl or a hood
255:  {X} the one we have upstairs has a hood over here {X} my wife calls it another name but I don't. I call it a baby carriage it's a little bit more than a baby carriage it's the name that she calls it denotes something more luxurious than a baby carriage
Interviewer:  a buggy?
255:  no
Interviewer:  coach?
255:  no
Interviewer:  okay, uh, a lot of times you'll uh you'll put the baby in the carriage and it go out and {NS} and let's say like when you're when you go out
255:  strolling or taking a take a walk?
Interviewer:  mm-hmm right and uh, then if you, what do you do with it when you take it up like when you put the baby in and you go out and blank it or if you might say I'm going to uh light the baby or wet the baby uh
255:  Give the baby an airing {NW} uh
Interviewer:  okay, that's good okay uh
255:  go for a walk with the baby in the baby carriage no particular name
Interviewer:  how would you say your children range in age?
255:  Patricia was born uh not quite two years after we were married. We were married in thirty-two uh she was born thirty-four and Dabney uh my his name from me. Junior. We called him Dabney. uh, his uh. He's uh not quite two years younger than Patricia
Interviewer:  and you would say Pa- Pat- Patricia is uh
255:  Patricia right now is uh
Interviewer:  is the what if of the of your children
255:  she's the daughter and the oldest child She's she's forty let's see, thirty-two Anissa's seventy-five, seventy-seven that's thirty-five years forty-five years Patricia's about forty-three years old an Dabney's about forty forty and {X} and then uh Teddy we lost a lot of babies in the beginning and Teddy came seven years later He's thirty-six now and then we had another baby that uh My wife was in an accident and when he when he was born, he only lived a couple days She she was injured and she injured the baby
Interviewer:  {X}
255:  and that was uh three just three children of many
Interviewer:  mm-hmm I was wondering about uh uh Teddy uh out of all your children, Teddy is considered to be the what of all the children
255:  the youngest
Interviewer:  and of {NW}
255:  Charles is his name. Charles Edward
Interviewer:  and let's say uh of your children you have uh boys and
255:  {NW} boys and girl
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
255:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  okay and um {NW} when a woman is going to have a child you would say she is
255:  pregnant?
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  her family {D:words}
Interviewer:  Do you happen to know of any other terms that you would use for that?
255:  um, woah there are a lot of semi-vulgar terms that I hear people talk about but I wouldn't use {X} I've heard all sorts of expressive terms
Interviewer:  you wouldn't say anything like she got herself uh
255:  no
Interviewer:  okay um and if you don't have a doctor deliver a baby the woman that you might send for is called a
255:  midwife?
Interviewer:  any other names?
255:  {X} I don't know
Interviewer:  any older names that that people older than you would use?
255:  um, no. Cuz mammy is a different category a midwife is I think I I don't know of any other names besides midwife or
Interviewer:  and if a boy ah and if a boy and his father have the the same appearance you would say the boy what
255:  resembles his father?
Interviewer:  mm-hmm are there any uh set uh for instance are there are there any Minorcan terms for that
255:  I don't know of any. There may be but I don't know of any
Interviewer:  do you ever hear of uh peentat
255:  who?
Interviewer:  peentat
255:  no
Interviewer:  okay
255:  {D: teentot?}
Interviewer:  uh P-E-E-N-T-A-T. Peentat.
255:  no I've never heard of that {X}
Interviewer:  uh if a mother has looked uh uh has looked after three children until they grow up, you would say that she has what the three children?
255:  raised raised the children
Interviewer:  to a naughty child you would say, you're going to get a
255:  spanking? licking? spanking I would use, my wife would use
Interviewer:  uh anything you would say in particular to a small child?
255:  all I would say is I used to say all the time. if you don't {X} Imma take you out to the woodshed that was an expression used a good deal take you out to the woodshed not too long, take them out and give them a whoop a licking out in the woodshed
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
255:  and my my grandchildren, I tell them that and they just laugh at me when when you gonna take us to the woodshed {X} when we gonna go?
Interviewer:  {NW} uh, I wondering uh, let's say it uh for instance there was a boy by the name of Bob. He's five inches taller this year. Then you would say Bob has what a lot in one year
255:  grown?
Interviewer:  and you would say to to him, you certainly have what big you certainly have
255:  grown?
Interviewer:  mm-hmm, right.
255:  you certainly have grown this past year
Interviewer:  or you might say my how you've
255:  my how you have grown you just just still say that
Interviewer:  and then you would also say that Bob came up so fast that you almost see him
255:  uh-huh the boy came up so fast you said?
Interviewer:  yeah came up so fast that you could almost see him
255:  I don't know what other growing is used see him see him growing
Interviewer:  mm-hmm okay uh a child that's born to an unmarried woman is called a
255:  an illegitimate child or some uh common expression be called a bastard
Interviewer:  any jesting names about that
255:  beg your pardon?
Interviewer:  any jesting names?
255:  what do you mean jesting names?
Interviewer:  uh, you know things that names that you might used uh joking about it
255:  oh
Interviewer:  any names you heard by other groups they call that let's say like the blacks they might have a name for it
255:  you know what I've heard different times people uh but I wouldn't I wouldn't appreciate that and I wouldn't like to hear any of those uh. I certainly don't have any in my memory or {X} {NS}
Interviewer:  okay, uh. now as we were talking um the next one um, Jane is a loving child, but Peggy is a lot
255:  troubled
Interviewer:  or if if she's even better than Peggy you would say Peg- uh Jane is a loving child but Peggy is a lot using the same word uh like if you would say let's say Peggy's a lot better than Jane, you would say Peggy, Jane is a loving child but Peggy is just a lot
255:  worst uh or just uh uh is is is is a problem child is what i would use for that
Interviewer:  #1 yeah #
255:  #2 category #
Interviewer:  or if Peggy is a good child and really a nice child and let's say that Peggy's better than Jane and you would say Jane is a loving child, but Peggy is a lot
255:  better?
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
255:  yes
Interviewer:  or
255:  a lot worst i see what you mean now
Interviewer:  yeah and using the word in the uh using the word of forming the word love you would say Peggy is a lot
255:  well Peggy is a bad child you were speaking of #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 no, is a good child # Peggy is a good child and you just used the for
255:  oh
Interviewer:  forming the word
255:  #1 Peggy is #
Interviewer:  #2 love #
255:  is uh a loving child or
Interviewer:  a lot
255:  better? uh I don't {X} #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 okay # on the next your brother's son is called your
255:  my bro- my brother's #1 son #
Interviewer:  #2 son #
255:  is called my nephew
Interviewer:  mm-hmm and uh a child that's lost it's father and mother is called a
255:  orphan?
Interviewer:  a person well you know a lot of times when you when you take a child to a christening and the person that holds the child you know when you go up with the priest #1 and #
255:  #2 yeah #
Interviewer:  the person that holds the child and that is supposedly responsible for the child what is that #1 person called #
255:  #2 the the godfather #
Interviewer:  mm-hmm and uh then if the uh the pers- if let's say if the person is uh in a if the parent's have died and he's taken them over and he'd be considered his legal
255:  {X}
Interviewer:  or like the person who takes care of the orphan would be considered his legal
255:  guardian
Interviewer:  and a woman who uh let's see where {NW} let's say uh you happen to mention talking about your relatives a while back, do you happen to know of any other terms that you would call your relatives
255:  jokingly i call my country cousins those that are out in the country and uh uh the uh well we use the term oh he's a distant relative or he's a near relative
Interviewer:  okay and then uh if I say you let's say if there's uh another Palasear that moved from California and you never knew him you know and you know that he is uh that he-that let's say uh someone may come up to you and say that you have the same family name uh and but he but the person doesn't look a bit like you you would say, I'm actually
255:  anybody with a Palasear name I always claim them as a relative at first it's the safest thing for me they did around here
Interviewer:  #1 okay well #
255:  #2 to be # {X] related to them just about
Interviewer:  #1 but let's say if if he really wasn't #
255:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 and if the person had that #
255:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  if the person had changed his name over during his lifetime and you you'd say, well uh uh then you would say well and you know that that person isn't and you'd say I'm actually
255:  uh because I haven't changed my name I wouldn't be saying, I'm actually uh not a Palasear is that what you #1 trying to know to know #
Interviewer:  #2 no or the person or the person you know # that you would say well he's actually
255:  I don't know what I'd #1 say #
Interviewer:  #2 the person said you know # you're of the same family and you know he isn't and then you would say, no he's actually
255:  I don't I have no I have no statement I would make to that. I don't know what you want me to say
Interviewer:  mm-hmm um
255:  there's a lady in in Elmira, Ohio who wrote me has the same name as my mother Josephine {B}
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
255:  and uh we corresponded a little bit. I know what she wanted. She wanted some information. I gave it to her she said she'd been over here uh her father, he comes from Spain and uh and that's not unusual because there's while there are most of the {B} in Minorca there are a lot of {B} in Barcelona's
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
255:  uh and Catalonia in particular and Barcelona many {B} dozens of them spelled the same exactly
Interviewer:  let's say if they uh that those people didn't spell it the same as you do #1 what would you call it #
255:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  if they didn't spell it but it sounded the same what would you say?
255:  I don't know what uh that is true. I know some people who spell their name differently
Interviewer:  and if let's say if they aren't #1 what would you say? #
255:  #2 I don- I have nothing to say about them # I don't uh no point in my #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 would they be would they be # of uh a part of your family?
255:  no I wouldn't think so unless they were
Interviewer:  then you'd say they would be
255:  a relative, is that what you're trying to get?
Interviewer:  or if they aren't?
255:  they're not a relative is that what you're speaking trying to seek or they're not related, we're not related I see
Interviewer:  mm-hmm and then you would say, I'm actually no okay uh and then if someone comes from out of town and no one has ever seen him before you would call him a
255:  stranger?
Interviewer:  and it would make and it would make uh. Would it make any difference uh from how far he came? or if he was
255:  well jokingly there there's a subject of conversation if people come from uh Georgia or Alabama you can almost tell by their their talk and you might see a strip {NW} he's probably a Yankee that's what we'd say to him meaning coming from New England or north of the Mason Dixon line
Interviewer:  that's funny uh what what would you call a person from another country?
255:  foreigner?
Interviewer:  mm-hmm uh would you use the word foreigner in uh is relating someone uh who's not from another country?
255:  no, you wouldn't say that {X}
Interviewer:  uh, George Washington's wife's name is
255:  Ann Rutledge?
Interviewer:  mm Georgia Washington's wife?
255:  Martha Washington
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
255:  Martha Rutledge was the uh Lincoln's uh was Lincoln's wife I think
Interviewer:  mm-hmm a nickname for uh Helen would be
Interviewer:  Uh this is side two of the fifth reel. Uh we've just completed page uh we've just started on page ninety of the first item we've just completed the first item we're on the second item now.
255:  {NS} {X}
Interviewer:  Thank you. Okay now you have mentioned we were talking about {X} being uh spooked. People uh what do people um what do people think when they see at night uh th- that frightens them they're all in white what do they call them?
255:  Ghosts?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm any other terms? {NS} Or a place where these where these ghosts might live what would you call that? {NS} A structure that they live in? {NS}
255:  Haunted house?
Interviewer:  right um {NS} uh {NW} and then someone might say better put on a sweater it's getting blank chilly.
255:  Quick chilly?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {NS} #1 Or if it's #
255:  #2 Very chilly? #
Interviewer:  Yeah or if it isn't of any degrees at all it's just getting
255:  Cold?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} Or just a little bit you might say it's getting blank chilly. {NS}
255:  A little chilly.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and if if you um if you say I'll be going if you insist but I {NS} or if you have a choice you might say I'd blank do this than that.
255:  I'd rather do this than that.
Interviewer:  And then if if you don't wanna you'd say I'd blank do this and that. If you don't want y- you'd just say
255:  I refuse to do this.
Interviewer:  Yeah I'm using that word rather you'd say I'd blank do this and that. {C: airplane passing by} {NS}
255:  I won't do this or that.
Interviewer:  Yeah or using the word rather you would say {C: airplane passing overhead}
255:  I'd rather not do this or that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NW} {NS} What do you say to a friend you haven't seen for some time? {NS} Like what would you say to 'em? You know old friend and you'd see them for some time what would what would your first reaction be? Or how would you express your feelings about seeing 'em?
255:  I just think that this is exactly what I would do or have done many times. I'm so glad to see you I'd shake hands sometimes I'd hug them girls or boys.
Interviewer:  That's good.
255:  The {NS}
Interviewer:  And then you might say he owns five hundred acres how much land would that be?
255:  Almost a section.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  Six hundred and forty-eight is in a section
Interviewer:  And then you say that's a blank of land.
255:  That's a lot of land. {NS} it's a forest. He'd have a five hundred acre forest.
Interviewer:  You ever use the word right smart?
255:  Yes occasionally. #1 I wouldn't use it very much but I've heard it used {X}. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
255:  Yeah right smart.
Interviewer:  Can you give me examples?
255:  Let's see {NS} {X} fish biting uh down {X} creek right smart.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
255:  #2 And uh # uh yeah.
Interviewer:  Would you say that's a right uh smart opinion or right smart money or trouble or good luck or bad luck?
255:  Uh let's see {X} you'd say {X} that's smart money you could say that. He has uh uh how many cattle does he have {NW} That's pretty not very practical but {X} right smart where the cows range Some people use it too much.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NW} Okay. And if you wanna uh wanna say something stronger more than en- enthusiastic you would say yes you would say ye- instead of saying yes you would say {NS} like you know instead of saying something to you know to {D: or from} something very strong and you would say more enthusiastically than yes you would say
255:  Absolutely or no question about it. That's true le- let's see there's no question about it th- that's true. or {X} {NS}
Interviewer:  And then if I say to you uh can you really do that? Uh let's say like uh {D: banking} or something like that and uh you know might be sorta cynical and I would say can you really do that? And then you and then you might say or I might ask eh {D: and you know} or I might even c- continue to ask you and say you think you can do that? You would say I
255:  I do or I can.
Interviewer:  And if you're definite about it you
255:  (NW} I'm pretty certain.
Interviewer:  And uh {NW} I was wondering if you wanna be very polite to someone uh that you would say just instead of saying yes what would you say?
255:  Well depending on the question you're asking now versus ask-
Interviewer:  If you were saying it to an older man uh you know when you were a young kid and you would just you were trying to be very polite and instead of just using the word yes #1 and let's say {X} remember when you were a kid uh and they used to do this to me they would say yes what? #
255:  #2 Yeah yeah. # Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And then if it was for a woman you would say
255:  Yes ma'am. #1 Oh I always said that. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm uh-huh. #
255:  But my people made me say that. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Hmm. # If somebody had stared uh in intentionally disliked going somewhere you would say he blank dreaded or hated that place.
255:  He hated to go to Savannah.
Interviewer:  Right. Or you might just say he blank hated the place.
255:  He absolutely hated the place.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. If it wasn't just a uh if it wasn't just a little cold this morning it was blank cold.
255:  It was very cold. It was
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. If your mother cooked something you like you might tell her it's good or emphasize it you might say Ma that's blank good or you'd say mother or your mom #1 Ma that's #
255:  #2 That's really good. #
Interviewer:  uh {NS}
255:  Pumpkin pie was really good.
Interviewer:  You happen to know any different expressions you might say that when you're excited? {NS}
255:  {NW} Very excited you may say all sorts of things.
Interviewer:  Let's say like you when you were {D: present} in a bank and someone decided to open up an account with you and uh just after you finish this account he opened up a uh a five hundred million dollar account with you. {C: laughing} And you know just after he opened up that account you walk back into your office what would you say?
255:  Glory be. {NW} I would say we really landed a big one.
Interviewer:  That's good. Um and uh let's say if you might say you're a little peeved at yourself for doing something what would you say? {NS}
255:  Um I'd say I'm ashamed of myself it was real bad
Interviewer:  #1 Or an expression you might say? #
255:  #2 Uh #
Interviewer:  {X} aw
255:  I'd kick myself {X}.
Interviewer:  When something uh shocking uh is reported perhaps uh attributed to you you might show a kind of polite resentment by saying why the
255:  Why me? Or why.
Interviewer:  Why the blank why the {NS}
255:  Huh.
Interviewer:  Or if you if you decided if you make up something and you and it just came to you you ever see those little things they used to have used to place in I think in {D: PB} they used to {D: a pump} people's heads like a little light bulb they would resemble they would just have a certain bo- they would call it an
255:  Hmm. flash uh
Interviewer:  Yeah or something like that and when they just get it you know just illuminated and they think that's my when you're in a dinner sometimes in a dinner has an
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Starts with an I. {NS} {D: When you're uh} when someone says why the idea
255:  Why the idea?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  I wouldn't say that I wouldn't think that eh to what que- {X}
Interviewer:  Well if something shocking was reported and they said something about you would you say why the idea?
255:  No I would never say that no I'd say I might say eh many other things but I would say why the idea #1 The oh the I see how you're using that. The i- #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
255:  -dea that you'd think of such a thing.
Interviewer:  Right.
255:  That that way that context yeah.
Interviewer:  Yes if you meet someone um what do you say uh by the way of greeting or asking about their health?
255:  Well commonplace and how are you feeling today is pretty commonplace
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  statement.
Interviewer:  #1 And when you're #
255:  #2 I hope you're well. #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And when you're introduced to a stranger you might say what might you say ask him?
255:  I'm glad to meet you and
Interviewer:  #1 or wha- #
255:  #2 I hope you plan to stay a while. #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh wh- wh- what question might you ask 'em? like it was something about it's something like um how are you.
255:  Oh. Uh {NS} Well you wouldn't get too personal with a stranger I mean
Interviewer:  #1 Right so then what would you say? #
255:  #2 You w- you would say I hope you're in good health or that you # you take that for granted. Uh we're glad to have you here. {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  Or that that you're in our city. {NS}
Interviewer:  #1 They used to have uh #
255:  #2 Hope you stay a while. #
Interviewer:  Right and then there was something where they where some people used to stand up {D: at least have this in an English} uh movie I think {D: they used to always say} and how?
255:  Do you do.
Interviewer:  Alright. #1 {NW} #
255:  #2 {NW} # You're an actor.
Interviewer:  Yeah uh do a little of that myself.
255:  You do a little dramatics I'm sure.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm used to do it in high school. If you have uh enjoyed your visit you might say come
255:  come back to see us?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and you might also say to 'em I hope you'll
255:  come again?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh there's a how do you greet somebody on December twenty-fifth?
255:  Merry Christmas.
Interviewer:  Any other greetings that you know of? {NS}
255:  I hope you have a happy Christmas.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What might you say uh on the first of January?
255:  Happy New Year.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh anything you might say by way of uh appreciation? {NS} besides thank you? {NS}
255:  Well I would say I hope you will have a a good year hope you will have good health.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and then when somebody gives you just a present on your or just a present on no special occasion you might say much {NS} or I much
255:  I mu- I I appreciate it very much.
Interviewer:  It starts with an O. {NS} How about uh obliged?
255:  I'm much obliged to you.
Interviewer:  {X} {NS} uh If you say someone uh if you're not quite sure whether you have or have not you say I blank I have time.
255:  I think I have time.
Interviewer:  And uh and then sometimes you might say I have to go down to do downtown to do some
255:  errands?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and if you're going to the store you're gonna do some
255:  Shopping.
Interviewer:  And if you made a purchase the storekeeper took a piece of paper and you might say if you went into a a butcher shop you took the the meat that he put in the
255:  paper sack?
Interviewer:  #1 Right and you or sometimes before you #
255:  #2 Or he wrapped it. #
Interviewer:  Beg your pardon?
255:  He wrapped it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and uh when you get home with a package you would say I #1 with that package you would get home what would you if you wanna #
255:  #2 {X} # I would tell my wife I I I I brought some meat for supper.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and what would you do what would she do with the meat?
255:  She'd put it in the refrigerator.
Interviewer:  And when she was gonna use it for supper?
255:  Take it out and unwrap it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  Cook it.
Interviewer:  Right. And uh if you had to sell for less than you paid you would say I had to sell it {NS}
255:  #1 {D: You're selling something then?} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah when you # #1 when you'd sell something for less than you paid. #
255:  #2 Oh. #
Interviewer:  You would say I had to sell it
255:  at a loss?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. When you admire uh something but don't have enough money to buy it you'd say I'd like to buy it but it
255:  Too expensive.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
255:  #2 Above my # allowance.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and then you might say #1 sure that's a nice tractor but I can't buy it because of what? #
255:  #2 Can't afford it. #
Interviewer:  Or you might say because it blank too much.
255:  It's too much {X}
Interviewer:  Or uh if uh the price is too high you might say #1 it #
255:  #2 It's too expensive. #
Interviewer:  Or it might it blank too much.
255:  Cost too much.
Interviewer:  Right. {NW} And when it's time to pill pay the bill the bill is {NS} or like when you um for instance uh {NW} when um like you know like {NW} when's when you used to you were saying when you went down it was time to pay the bill uh at the store what would that time be called? The bill is
255:  due?
Interviewer:  Right and when you belong to let's say like when you belong to the rotary club you'd have to pay the
255:  dues?
Interviewer:  And if you haven't any money uh you've got an uh you have to go to a friend and try to
255:  #1 Borrow some money? #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
255:  Borrow some.
Interviewer:  And you remember the banking business uh when uh when you have to gently refuse a loan you might say money is #1 Or you know during the thirties they had this a lot. #
255:  #2 {D: Help I need a sketch.} #
Interviewer:  Right. And {NS} And {D: then} let's say um you were talking about um when you went let's say like a kid's at a pool and he ran down the springboard and what in?
255:  Jumped in?
Interviewer:  Or another #1 term. #
255:  #2 Dove in? #
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. and lots of ba- b- lots of boys blank off the high board.
255:  Lots of boys followed him up the high board.
Interviewer:  Yeah or they might
255:  Uh lots of boys. dove in off the top board.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} And then the boys let's say oh we might also say lots of boys blank off the high board.
255:  #1 Jumped off the high board. #
Interviewer:  #2 Right and using that same word that begins with D. # Lots of boys blank off the high board.
255:  Dove off the high board.
Interviewer:  Nine or ten uh blank off it already this afternoon.
255:  Nine or ten dove off the board this afternoon.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NW} {X} When you dive in and hit the water flat you call that a
255:  Belly buster. {NW}
Interviewer:  That's good. {C: laughing} If a boy puts his head on the ground and kicks his feet and goes over you would say he turns a
255:  Somersault.
Interviewer:  When he gets uh across the river you would say he uh dived in and
255:  Swam across the river.
Interviewer:  And children like to blank in the big creek.
255:  Swim in the big creek.
Interviewer:  And I have to blank there myself.
255:  I have to
Interviewer:  #1 And I have blank there myself. #
255:  #2 And I have # uh I have s- now you're getting me see.
Interviewer:  Right. #1 {NW} You can say anything that comes to mind {C: laughing} #
255:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 It's no right or wrong answer. {C: laughing} #
255:  #2 {NW} # I've been swimming there before. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 That's right. And I have what there before. #
255:  I swam there before.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} And I have I have what there before?
255:  Swam. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay and when you buy something to pay your bill storekeepers will give you a li- oh we've already talked about that
255:  {X}?
Interviewer:  Yeah. You don't know any other names for that?
255:  #1 Uh that's the main thing {X} to get the groceries. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # Someone who is caught in a whirlpool and didn't get out you would say he was
255:  Sucked in?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm or he you know he was got or he got what? Or he was let's say yeah and he was sucked in and what happens to a person who who just who goes down under and he doesn't come up for a long time until he's I mean he's almost dead or so and you would say he was
255:  Nearly drowned?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm or he was if he was definitely?
255:  He was drowned.
Interviewer:  And if he and then you might say he got he got
255:  Oh he got drowned? Is that what you meant?
Interviewer:  When a baby uh what does a baby do before he is able to walk?
255:  {X} tree?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NW} You saw something up a tree you wanted to to take a closer look at it so you went over to the tree and
255:  Looked up.
Interviewer:  Or if you went #1 up a beg pardon? #
255:  #2 Climbed up? # Climbed up the tree?
Interviewer:  And it would be a hard mountain to
255:  Climb.
Interviewer:  My neighbor blank gla- blank it last year.
255:  My neighbor climbed my neighbor climbed it last year.
Interviewer:  But I have blank a mount- but I have never blank a mountain in my life.
255:  I have never climbed a mountain in my life.
Interviewer:  If a man wants to hide behind a low hedge he's got to {NS}
255:  Get low?
Interviewer:  Or if a child wants to trick you he might hide behind a couch and and he would uh he'd go back there and blank down.
255:  Lie down.
Interviewer:  #1 Or if he's like #
255:  #2 Squat down? #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What they what are they what are any other names? Got no any other names for it?
255:  About the child?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. #1 {NW} Mm-hmm. #
255:  #2 You mean what the child he would squat down or lie down or #
Interviewer:  And uh she walked up to the altar and she a lot of times during the mass #1 you can do that just a lot a lot of times. #
255:  #2 {X}? #
Interviewer:  Lot of times in during the mass you know if you'll get down #1 where there is {X} #
255:  #2 Kneel down. #
Interviewer:  Hmm?
255:  Stop at the altar and kneel down.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} And if you're tired you'd say I'm going to blank down in the bed.
255:  Gonna lie down in the bed. {NS}
Interviewer:  And then you might also say I'm going to blank down in bed.
255:  I'm going to lie down in bed.
Interviewer:  Okay. And he was really sick he couldn't even sit up he just blank uh bed all day.
255:  He just rem- he he remained in bed all day.
Interviewer:  Or you'd just using that same word.
255:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # Or you'd just say he just blank bed all day.
255:  Well I wo- I would say he lied down all day.
Interviewer:  Or he just blank in bed all day.
255:  Remained in bed all day.
Interviewer:  Or you were just saying one of the words.
255:  Hmm?
Interviewer:  You're saying that one of the te- tenses of that word.
255:  Oh.
Interviewer:  Started with an L.
255:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  He just blank in bed all day. {NS} Starts with an L.
255:  L?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. You just said it a while back.
255:  He eh
Interviewer:  #1 He just blank in bed all day. #
255:  #2 He he he he eh # laid in bed all day. He
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And often uh uh talking about when you're you know sleeping and all I just wanted uh during you're uh when you sleep you often what?
255:  Dream?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and often when I go to sleep I okay never mind. And but I can always remember what I've
255:  Dreamed of.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm any other words for that??
255:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And then you would say I dreamed I was falling but I just or just as I was about to hit the ground I
255:  Wake up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and I dreamt so and so and you'd say I dreamt so and so and all of a sudden I
255:  Wake up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. If you bring your foot down heavy on the floor like this {NS} what were you doing?
255:  Stomping or stamp- stamping or
Interviewer:  And then you might say don't blank so.
255:  Don't stamp so.
Interviewer:  Right. And um {NW} If a man meets a girl at a dance and he wants to go home with her you would say may I
255:  Take you home?
Interviewer:  Any other expressions?
255:  May I accompany you home? May I walk you home? #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Or you could say can I #
255:  Go with you uh no I don't think you'd say that. Can I escort you home?
Interviewer:  Right. Uh when your car was stuck in the mud you would ask somebody to get behind the car and give you a
255:  Push. {NS}
Interviewer:  If you carried a very heavy suitcase a long distance instead of saying I carried it you would say I Starts with an L. {X} you would say instead of carrying it you would say I {NS}
255:  Lugged it?
Interviewer:  Right or or any other names? Like yeah that grocery sack uh sack of groceries and you didn't have a car so you picked it up and
255:  Carried it home?
Interviewer:  Right and so using carried you would say
255:  Pulled it uh toted it home? {NW}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh if some children come into the house and start playing with the things on the table and you are afraid that they're not going that they're going to break something you would say to them don't #1 In a lo- #
255:  #2 Don't touch 'em. #
Interviewer:  Beg pardon?
255:  Don't touch don't touch anything or
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and if someone came in and wanted to was fiddling around the little kids were fiddling around with that #1 uh with the statue you have in there you would say don't #
255:  #2 Yeah. # Don't break it.
Interviewer:  Or you would just use the word before that. Don't {NS} if it's
255:  Don't touch it.
Interviewer:  Yes. uh {NW} if you need a hammer you would say to me {NS}
255:  If I need a hammer I'd say what to you?
Interviewer:  Well what would you tell me if you're if there's a hammer in the corner and you'd say and you're and you had a bunch of things that your hand that you're handling and you would say uh and if you need a hammer you would say to me what?
255:  Bring me the hammer.
Interviewer:  Right.
255:  Hand me the hammer. {NS}
Interviewer:  Alright. Um so when you're playing tag what is the tree against uh which children can holds their hands and be safe?
255:  Home base.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And in outdoor games uh when you play let's say like uh in um in hock- in yeah or in hockey or football what would you call that? You know the thing that they try to kick the uh football over
255:  Yeah. {C: laughing} Goal?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Any other names terms for that? For goal in games or anything outdoor games a base? Goal?
255:  Well uh in football soccer or hockey I guess I would say I no I I don't know what other name besides goal.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And when you throw a ball you ask somebody to {NS}
255:  Pass it.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh or sometimes you used to go outside and say well let's play
255:  Catch?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And then you ask somebody to okay and then I threw the ball and he
255:  He caught it?
Interviewer:  And I have been fishing for trout but I haven't
255:  Caught any.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And then I might say let's meet in town but if I get there first I'll
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 Or you might s- #
255:  #2 Let's meet in town if I get there first # I will wait for you at the drug store.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Uh {NS}
255:  {NW} {NS}
Interviewer:  A child wanting uh wanting to get out of a spanking or let's say like a student who uh thought that a test that it was a test you failed wasn't fair might say give me a or you might say please uh give me another
255:  Chance?
Interviewer:  Right. Uh {NW} if a man is in very good humor you might say he is a a very good
255:  Sport?
Interviewer:  Right. {D:I wonder} how they say that. {D: I messed that up} okay. If you wanna if you have hired a man who keeps on {D: loafing} all the time you might decide to discharge him and you would say to a friend of yours I think I'm going to get
255:  Rid of him.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NW} Uh then you might say he didn't know what was going on but he blank he knew it all.
255:  He thought he knew it all.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. If someone stole your pencil
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  and what is {C: laughing] what is a slang word you might use you might say who blank my pencil?
255:  Who who stole my pencil who took my pencil.
Interviewer:  Or a slang word.
255:  Uh swiped my pencil.
Interviewer:  And a man let's say somebody somebody's got a smile on his face and has a pleasant word for everybody you'd say he seems to be in a good
255:  Demure.
Interviewer:  {NW} I hadn't forgotten about that but I but now I
255:  I hadn't forgotten about that but now I realize I can't do it.
Interviewer:  Right and then if you haven't forgotten that you would say I #1 Instead of forgetting what's the opposite of forgetting? #
255:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  What's the opposite of forget? {NW}?
255:  {X} Didn't forget.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and to think of something is to
255:  To think of something is to
Interviewer:  Or to recall something you would
255:  Memory? #1 {NW} Uh memory. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # And then you would say I hadn't forgotten about that but I but now I
255:  Remember it. No I hadn't forgotten about it now I will do it? #1 And uh #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # And you might say to me well you must have a better memory than than I because I sure
255:  I surely forget it.
Interviewer:  Or the opposite.
255:  You would would see myself a better memory wha- if you remember it
Interviewer:  Right and to say a negative phrase in there you say but I sure but I sure
255:  Remember it. Sure I forgot it.
Interviewer:  Yeah. And if if if you if you you use the word remember there that I sure
255:  #1 Sure will do it is that what you you're {D: giving me?} #
Interviewer:  #2 Or to recall that that # Or to not recall you would say that I sure Well you must have a better memory than I #1 because I sure #
255:  #2 I don't recall doing that. #
Interviewer:  Uh-huh or instead of using recall you would say well you must have a better memory than I because I sure
255:  I sure don't remember it. #1 I sure #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. # Uh {NW} you you would say um I have just blank him a letter.
255:  I have just sent him a letter.
Interviewer:  Or if you're just before you said it I have just #1 blank or before you mail it. #
255:  #2 Mailed him a letter. #
Interviewer:  I have just #1 blank #
255:  #2 Written him a letter. #
Interviewer:  that beg your pardon?
255:  Written.
Interviewer:  And uh yesterday he blank me a letter.
255:  He wrote me a letter.
Interviewer:  Tomorrow I'll
255:  will write him a one write him a letter.
Interviewer:  And I expect him
255:  Answer soon.
Interviewer:  When you put um the letter in a in an envelope and then you take your pen you take your pen and
255:  Address it?
Interviewer:  Right. Anything else you might say? Or among older people?
255:  Oh instead of address?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
255:  I uh
Interviewer:  Or you might say um I want to write or I want to write to someone. Do you know his
255:  Address?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. If a little boy has learned something new for instance if he has learned to whistle and you want to know where he has learned that you would ask him who
255:  Who taught you to whistle?
Interviewer:  If someone asks you if you're if you've put up with uh if someone asks you if you've put up with that new fen- if you put up that new fence you would say no but I blank pretty soon. Or you might say when are you going to Miami? Then you would say right now we're blank next Wednesday.
255:  {NW} Right now we're trying to go next Wednesday.
Interviewer:  {NW} If a child if a little boy has done something naughty and a girl saw him do it the little boy might say now don't you go and and
255:  Tattletale on me.
Interviewer:  Any other words for that? Uh {NW} don't go squeal on me {C: laughing} Does does tattle mean the same thing as gossip?
255:  Mm not necessarily tattletale is telling somebody some something somebody actually done did and you eh telling their mother about it and gossiping is probably saying something that's not true.
Interviewer:  {NW} Would tattletale be used {D:around but not completed) uh among uh about adults? Tattletale would be used mo- by mostly children. Mm-hmm.
255:  And eh maybe gossip would be used by adults. Don't go gossiping about what I told you.
Interviewer:  Hmm if you wanna uh a bouquet for dinner for the dinner table you would go out into the garden and
255:  Picks some flowers.
Interviewer:  {NW} And uh something a child might play with different names oh yeah something that a child might play with. #1 {X} #
255:  #2 A ball a doll. #
Interviewer:  A whole category of it?
255:  Beg pardon?
Interviewer:  #1 A whole category? #
255:  #2 oh. # Uh toys?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Different names for the uh for something you'd buy and something you'd make at home you know the different types of toys that you'd buy and those that you'd make at home.
255:  Yes homemade toys and store bought toys they'd call um #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # Would you ever use the word play pretty?
255:  no
Interviewer:  Anything that might be called a toy um a toy gun?
255:  Did I play with a toy gun as a child
Interviewer:  #1 yeah #
255:  #2 yeah # Sure #1 many times {X} times. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # If something happened that you're excited that that you're ex- that you expected predicted or were afraid was going to happen for example a child hurting himself while doing something dangerous you might say
255:  I told you so.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Especially after someone comes in. #1 and tells you that it happened then you would say #
255:  #2 Right. # I told you so.
Interviewer:  Or if you thought something you would say I
255:  I warned you?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Or using the word know I using a one of the word know in there K-N-O-W I I blank it?
255:  What you mean after the accident has happened?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  #1 The child comes in #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. # and you use the word know in there.
255:  You know I told you not to play on that.
Interviewer:  Yeah and then you would thinking about that and you would say I blank it.
255:  I told you so.
Interviewer:  Or if using the word know in there you would say I I blank it.
255:  #1 I don't get the #
Interviewer:  #2 or the or a form of the word know. # to know the verb to know I blank it. Okay uh {NW} {NW} {NS} and then I might say that's the book you
255:  Give me?
Interviewer:  Right and then I might say uh {NW} about something I'll blank it back when I finish it. {NS}
255:  Give it back when I finish it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  I'll return.
Interviewer:  #1 Right and #
255:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  because you have blank me so many other good books to read because you have
255:  Given me so many other good books to read.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} I'm glad I I carried my umbrella we hadn't gone far we hadn't gotten a a got we hadn't gone a block when it
255:  Started to rain.
Interviewer:  {NW} {NS} I must've blank ten or fifteen it must've blank ten or fifteen minutes ago it must've
255:  Started ten or fifteen minutes ago.
Interviewer:  What time does the show
255:  Begin. Start.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Why aren't you out of breath I wou- might ask you and then eh yeah uh let's say why are you out of breath? I was feeling so happy I blank all the way home.
255:  Ran all the way home.
Interviewer:  Horses gallop but people
255:  Run?
Interviewer:  We have a blank meal every day this week. We have a oh w- we have blank a mile every day this week.
255:  We have run a mile every day this week.
Interviewer:  Yeah I can't see some of the words on here okay. If you didn't know where a man was born you might say where does he blank from?
255:  Where does he come from.
Interviewer:  And you might say he blank in the train last night. He blank in on a train last night right.
255:  He got on the train last night #1 or he slept on the train last night. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm or you might say he blank # in on a train last night. If the man had already arrived you might say he blank in on the train last night.
255:  He came in on the train last night.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and you might say he's blank to our town every yeah he's blank to our town every month this uh wait
255:  He's come to our town every month this year.
Interviewer:  Right. Um you might also say I hope to blank you again. #1 {X} #
255:  #2 I hope # I hope to meet you again soon.
Interviewer:  Or if you're looking at the person you might say I hope to blank you again soon.
255:  See you again soon.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and you might say we've blank so little of you this year.
255:  We've seen so little of you this year.
Interviewer:  {X} to say I blank her outside a few minutes ago.
255:  I saw her outside a few minutes ago.
Interviewer:  And then you might also say he can't get through there the highway department's got their machines in and the roads are all
255:  Blocked?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm or if it's if they raise the road and if they went down with a big uh and they
255:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  chewed up the road what would they call it the road's all
255:  Under repair?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and if the co- roads the road's under repair what would you call that?
255:  The construction?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm or if I might uh if for instance if I might've a been calling a bunch of uh dynamite and the dynamite fell out and it blew up on the road wha- what would happen to the road? #1 Or it uh #
255:  #2 It vanished. #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm or if I might take a shirt and I would just do this with the shirt and I would destroy the shirt I would what
255:  Tear it up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NW} And uh the opposite of {D: uh let's see} if someone would give you a bracelet and then if someone if you gave someone a bracelet and say to her why don't you like you wanna #1 {X} right. #
255:  #2 Put it on? #
Interviewer:  And uh or i- getting a an or if it's getting a little chilly you might have a sweater and you better #1 forget that. #
255:  #2 Put it on? #
Interviewer:  Right and then you might also say my sister can blank that.
255:  My sister can do that.
Interviewer:  And then you can also say can you can you blank that?
255:  Can you do that?
Interviewer:  And you could say sure I've blank that all my life.
255:  I've done that all my life.
Interviewer:  {NW} And then you could also say uh I might ask you what's new and you might shrug your shoulders an- and shake your head and say
255:  Nothing.
Interviewer:  Right. {NW} Uh {NW} then he's then he'd say oh I thought you said opposite of nothing is
255:  Something.
Interviewer:  Right. {NW} I heard of blank things. I've never heard of blank things. You could also say I've never heard of blank things.
255:  What is he talking about what is his conversation?
Interviewer:  Well if you're talking about a whole bunch of things that happened and let's say we're talking about the world today and all sorts of problems happening #1 and you would say well I've never heard of blank #
255:  #2 I've never heard of such a thing. #
Interviewer:  Right. {NW} And uh I think you've already said the next question. Oh here's one. How long have you been living here? And then you might say ever blank I got married.
255:  Ever since I got married.
Interviewer:  {NW} And then you could also say it wasn't an accident. He did it
255:  On purpose. {NS}
Interviewer:  Um then you could also say uh I don't know you better blank him.
255:  I don't know you better blank him?
Interviewer:  Yeah I don't know you better blank him.
255:  I don't know you better forget him.
Interviewer:  Or if you wanted to find out something about uh if you wanted to find out some information and somebody came up to you and you didn't know and you thought that the next person knew you would say well I don't know you just better
255:  Go ask somebody else.
Interviewer:  Right and if you talked about that person over there you say I don't know you better
255:  See him.
Interviewer:  #1 Or usi- #
255:  #2 Ask him. #
Interviewer:  Right. {NW} And then you might also say um why have you blank me that several times before.
255:  Why has he asked me that several times before.
Interviewer:  And then you could also say why you've you've blank me that several times before.
255:  #1 You've asked me that several times before. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # Then you could also say boys like that like to #1 you know they do this #
255:  #2 Fight. #
Interviewer:  Right. Okay {NW} uh he's hmm {NS} If I take a a big long uh thing you know they're like this what am I doing? Or if I take over somebody and I take a big long thing and I'm going like this.
255:  A dagger?
Interviewer:  Right or and if I take it it could be anything in particular.
255:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And I take it and I do it in the back of the person.
255:  you you stick 'em in the back.
Interviewer:  Right and what do they call the whole action?
255:  You attack 'em.
Interviewer:  Right. And if I take a dagger and if I uh if I plug somebody right here would I be doing with them?
255:  You'd be uh you'd be {NS} stabbing them.
Interviewer:  Right. What are the different um types of knives that you know? {NS}
255:  Uh butcher knife pocket knife. Uh
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
255:  #2 Machete? #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And there's a let's say a funny picture on the blackboard the teacher ask who blank that.
255:  Who drew that.
Interviewer:  And if you were going to lift up something like a piece of machinery on a roof you might use pulley blocks and a rope to blank it up.
255:  Pull it up?
Interviewer:  Or another word would be?
255:  Haul it up.
Interviewer:  Starts with the same letter. The H.
255:  Hmm. #1 You're {D: holding it upstairs} you mean you're putting it upstairs? You're #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # {NW} Or you usually use it with machinery on a roof and you have this {D: block and tackle} and you put it up there and you just whole bunch of people get together and they
255:  Would they pull it? They I don't know what the- They hoist it? {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay well someone who can't take a joke without losing his temper you would say uh he is mighty
255:  hair trigger no? Mighty
Interviewer:  Or somebody who loses his temper with the least little thing that goes wrong here.
Interviewer:  {NS} Okay this is uh side two of the {C: background noise} fifth reel. We eh just ended talking about a person who is considered uh he's at a party and he just can't take a joke and you tell him a joke and he just he's you know the type of guy who just gets angry at the first first time y- you tell uh you make a joke about him. What type of person would you call that?
255:  {NW} {NS}
Interviewer:  If he's very sensitive what would you call that type of person? {NS}
255:  I'm sure there's a word for that I would know very well but I just can't think of it. I know the opposite c- certainly. Unreasonable? No.
Interviewer:  You ever hear the word testy?
255:  Testy yes I would say that.
Interviewer:  Dreadful?
255:  Uh I think uh {X} be what I would use there must be another word
Interviewer:  How about uh feisty?
255:  Feisty yes that's the word I wouldn't use but that about that would would cover it to some extent.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. How about short patient?
255:  Yes short #1 short patient. #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay if I was kidding about him and I didn't know # uh he would get what.
255:  Angry?
Interviewer:  Okay. And if he's got if he's If he ha- if he has a uh a bad temper all the time he's {NS}
255:  Crotchety?
Interviewer:  Okay. Somebody's about to lose his temper you would tell him just
255:  Cool your peace or keep your mind or let's see just {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay if you are very very tired you would say you are all
255:  In. {NS}
Interviewer:  Um. {NS} When you uh when you're in you would say he let's say our p- person is Uh you have no any other terms for that?
255:  I'm tuckered out.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Or when a person is all tuckered out you would say he's uh {NS} or I'm completely
255:  Exhausted?
Interviewer:  Okay. Um. If a person has been quite well and you hear that suddenly he has some disease you'd say just last night she {NS}
255:  {X}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Or uh if she is sick today and started last night you'd say last night she blank sick.
255:  She got sick.
Interviewer:  Okay. Do you happen to know are there any Minorcan terms for someone who is let's say well let's see {NS} yeah a person who is uh where do y- where do you usually get sick? #1 Sometimes if #
255:  #2 Stomach? #
Interviewer:  Right.
255:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 In your stomach. # In uh you happen to know any uh Minorcan terms for a pain in the stomach?
255:  No.
Interviewer:  {D: Mpatchka?}
255:  Never.
Interviewer:  Or uh {D: Sankrisa?}
255:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. Okay but let's say if this person were sick and then you say but she'll be up again by {NS}
255:  She'll be up again soon.
Interviewer:  Or you would say but you don't have to worry uh he'll be well again
255:  Soon?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} Or we'll get there
255:  Early? #1 Or soon or late. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # We'll get the work done {NS}
255:  {NW} We'll get the work done before we leave or we w- we will get the work done soon.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. If a person sat in a draft and began to cough last night he
255:  Caught a cold?
Interviewer:  Right. Uh and if his uh if it affected his voice you would say he is
255:  Hoarse?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And then you might say I have a little {NW} {C: coughing effect} like that.
255:  Tickle in my throat.
Interviewer:  Or if I had a cold and I uh constantly did that I had a
255:  Cough?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And then sometimes some people say I'd rather go to bed I'm feeling a little
255:  Queasy?
Interviewer:  Or if they're okay and they're just so tuckered out you would just say I'm feeling a little
255:  Weary?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Or if it or if it just late at night and it constantly happens to people and you just {NW} {C: yawning effect} just yawn and you say well I feel a little
255:  Tired?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} And then when people go to bed they what do they do? {NS}
255:  Depends on how old they are. They go to sleep.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And then th- just before you go to sleep you feel
255:  Sleepy.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. At six oh clock um you might say I'll
255:  Get up?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And uh he's been sleeping or you might say he's been sleeping better go like if it's if it's eleven oh clock in the morning and the guy is went to bed at nine oh clock the night before and then you say well he's been sleeping just better go and
255:  Wake him up?
Interviewer:  Right. If the medicine um okay now let's say another expression if the medicine is still uh by the patient's bedside you might ask why haven't you blank your medicine.
255:  Why haven't you taken your medicine.
Interviewer:  And the patient might answer I blank some yesterday.
255:  I took some yesterday.
Interviewer:  And now I'll blank some #1 more later on. #
255:  #2 I'll take some tomorrow. #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And if you can't can't hear anything at all you would say you are stone
255:  Deaf.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. If you've been working hard and you take your wet shirt off and say look how I
255:  Look how I'm sweating?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh a discarde- a discharge discharging sore that comes to a head is a
255:  Boil?
Interviewer:  Right. When a boil opens the stuff that drains out of it is
255:  {NW} {C: laugh} {X} had boils they had carbuncles by the dozens for several years when I was young
Interviewer:  #1 And what was the stuff that came out? #
255:  #2 I don't # A lot came out too.
Interviewer:  What is it called?
255:  I don't know {X}? {D: Uh fetid fetid} it's a corruption? Uh something else what else I can't think of another name.
Interviewer:  If you have got some infection in your hand so that your hand got so big that it ought to be it ought to be uh you se- you would say my hand
255:  Big as a barrel?
Interviewer:  Right or but if it got bigger it ought to be you would say my hand {NS}
255:  Will bust?
Interviewer:  Yeah or if yo- if you burned your hand and you burn the whole thing and it's not really charred but it it just starts to get bigger what's it what's it do?
255:  Swelling?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And then you would say my hand
255:  Is swollen?
Interviewer:  Right. Uh a bee stung me and my hand oh we already said that. Uh it's pretty badly {NS}
255:  Still my hand? {NS} #1 My hand is uh still uh #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. Pretty badly. #
255:  Uh. {NS} Swelled? I mean you're speaking of na- It's spilling out.
Interviewer:  Or you might say it probably won't what much. {NS}
255:  Probably won't get any worse.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. When you get a blister and the liquid that forms under the skin is called {NS}
255:  Water?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. In a in a war a bullet goes through your arm you would say you have a {NS}
255:  Wound?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. A kind of skin skinless scrub in a wound that that's got to be burned out {NS} Okay the what kind of flesh grows in it? #1 Like um #
255:  #2 Proud flesh. #
Interviewer:  Beg pardon?
255:  Proud flesh.
Interviewer:  If you get a little cut in your finger what do you uh what do you put it into uh to in order to prevent 'em uh infection?
255:  S-C thirty-seven or alcohol or #1 something of that nature. #
Interviewer:  #2 Or the brown liquid that stings? #
255:  Yes that's uh uh {D: Povidone} iodine.
Interviewer:  Right. If it if it is uh been given sometimes as a tonic for malaria then it would be or something uh th- there is something that they used to use uh
255:  {X}
Interviewer:  Right. {NS} Do you happen to know of any um
255:  You haven't you've never taken any {X} have you?
Interviewer:  No {C: laughing}
255:  Ah.
Interviewer:  #1 I never I never had that. #
255:  #2 That's {D: spring} you take {X} # uh to keep the fever down if you're having malaria fever.
Interviewer:  That's interesting. Huh I di- I never really needed that much I mean Emory has a medical school there but never got around to that section. Uh {C: background hammering} are there any uh crude and humorous ways that you would talk about uh if a person died.
255:  Person died?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  Well I would hear all sorts of things {X} yeah. {NS} Checked out.
Interviewer:  What would you call a place where people are buried?
255:  A cemetery.
Interviewer:  Uh what do you call the box that people are buried in?
255:  Vault.
Interviewer:  #1 And uh #
255:  #2 Coffin? #
Interviewer:  Beg your pardon?
255:  Coffin.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  A coffin a vault.
Interviewer:  {NW} {C: cough} What is the cere- uh ceremony at the cemetery called?
255:  Funeral service.
Interviewer:  If people are dressed in black you would say they are in `
255:  Mourning?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Some people somebody asks you on an average day how are you feeling you'd say {NS}
255:  Uh {NS} {X] or you could say better or you could say I'm doing quite well or you could say uh like I say quite frequently {NS} uh what's th- what's the expression I use I use uh tolerable. I use that quite frequently just jokingly. {X] ah I'm tolerable. #1 {NW} {C: laughing} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # If uh if the children are out late and uh your wife's getting a bit excited you'd say they'll be uh and you might go to her and you'd say they'll be home alright the- just don't
255:  Worry?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh the disease of the joints is called
255:  Rheumatism?
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
255:  #2 or arthritis? #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  When I was younger it was rheumatism and now it's arthritis.
Interviewer:  Oh wow. That's interesting.
255:  Everything it- when your joints hurt when I was a little fella the older people oh my rheumatism my rheumatism and it was the same thing {X} arthritis.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. That's interesting. Um in the ti- in speaking of diseases I was wondering the type of uh disease a very uh that you'd have a very uh sore throat with blisters inside the throat.
255:  Scarlet fever?
Interviewer:  Yeah and then there was the disease where children used to choke in the night
255:  Whooping cough?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Uh or around world war one thereafter they uh used to give people the #1 the #
255:  #2 Flu shots? #
Interviewer:  or the the uh Schick test in order to see if they needed shots or {NS}
255:  Influenza?
Interviewer:  Or a disease that uh a disease that you hardly ever heard of now uh because they have given shots for it but it uh #1 used to kill lots of children they used to choke to death. #
255:  #2 Polio? # Uh what's it called?
Interviewer:  Uh
255:  Uh choke to death oh diphtheria.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
255:  Oh yes my gosh I was when I was young they that was a frightening thing {X} diphtheria and they'd put a sign contagious and you had to stay away from that a long time.
Interviewer:  Wow that's interesting. Yeah I heard stories but I never really
255:  {X] diphtheria in the in the neighborhood they helped come put a big red sign over the door quarantine diphtheria.
Interviewer:  That's interesting. #1 And the people weren't allowed to have any contact with anybody? #
255:  #2 And then they had to be then the- the people who were inside would take care of their child. # It was usually a child's disease. They would have to uh wash their hands and take all sorts of precautions um protect themselves and keep and keep children away all the children {X} disease and uh uh growing up it was not as likely to contract it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  So it was qui- oh that was a bad thing diphtheria. {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh when your skin in your eye valves turn red you're getting {X} when they turn yellow pardon me when they turn
255:  Jaundice.
Interviewer:  Right. Uh when you have a pain and it's right here and you have an operation it's uh
255:  Appendix?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And what do you call uh the operation?
255:  Appendicitis.
Interviewer:  Right. #1 Do you remember the #
255:  #2 Appendectomy is the operation. # Appendicitis is the di- is the disease I guess or the affliction.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Do you remember what people used to call it before they knew it was appendicitis when people used to die of it? {NS}
255:  Course if they let it go it would bust and s- and cause uh kill you pretty quickly.
Interviewer:  Do you happen to know of any Minorcan terms for sicknesses?
255:  No.
Interviewer:  How about uh {X}?
255:  No.
Interviewer:  When you eat and drink things that uh don't agree with you and they come up and yo- you say you
255:  #1 Oh you mean if y- you throw up you mean? #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. #
255:  Oh. Sick of my stomach?
Interviewer:  Right. What was that? Beg your pardon?
255:  Sick of my stomach. I'm sick of my stomach.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. If a person's pretty bad this way you might say he was leaning over the fence and
255:  Vomiting?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. If she hardly uh got the news when she c- uh when she came right over or if she hardly got the news when she came right over {NS} or when she came over ri- okay and um this one of those fill in the blank sentences. She hardly got the news. When she came right over {NS}
255:  Oh she hardly got the news and she came right over to help?
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
255:  #2 To #
Interviewer:  And when she relates that news she came right over
255:  {X}
Interviewer:  Or uh if a woman's been speaking on the phone across the street and she heard some news that she wanted to tell you And she came right over and she said and then you might say she came right over
255:  Uh with gossip is that what you're trying to get? Or uh news or what.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Or a form of talk.
255:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 Came right over. #
255:  And spread the news. {NS}
Interviewer:  If you invite somebody to come and see you this evening and you want to tell and you want and want to tell them that you will be disappointed if he hasn't come you'll say now if you don't come I
255:  I'll never forgive you.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
255:  #2 {NW} {C: laughing} #
Interviewer:  #1 Or- #
255:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  Or you might say uh if he doesn't come I blank disappointed.
255:  If he doesn't come we'll be very disappointed.
Interviewer:  Or if you just say yourself I #1 I okay. #
255:  #2 I will be disappointed. #
Interviewer:  If you're going uh to be glad to see me you would say we blank be glad to see you. #1 Oh you already said that. #
255:  #2 We would all be glad too see you. #
Interviewer:  If you do it uh okay and then if you say if you do that again I'm going to {NS} like if you're like saying to a child you say if you do that again I'm going to
255:  I'm gonna spank you.
Interviewer:  Right. Uh if a boy is beginning to pay uh serious attention to a girl he is
255:  Flirting?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and if he's a little bit more serious than that he is
255:  Courting?
Interviewer:  Right. Any other terms?
255:  Huh. {X} around would be sparking.
Interviewer:  That used much around here?
255:  N- no but it wa- when I was young it used they used to do that quite a bit. So uh um Peasant way of talking was that that is uh he we- he's he's out sparking.
Interviewer:  {NW} {C: laugh} {NS} Uh and and uh let's say what would you c- um what would they call him after after he is uh he is her what he is the girl's
255:  Uh beau? Boyfriend? {NS}
Interviewer:  And she is his
255:  Girl? Sweetheart. {NS}
Interviewer:  A boy comes home with lipstick on his collar and his little brother says you've been {NS}
255:  You've been courting or you've been kissing.
Interviewer:  Other t- are there any other terms? Old-fashioned terms? {NS}
255:  Um {X}
Interviewer:  If she ask um ask her to marry him and she doesn't want him what do you say uh she did to him?
255:  Turned him down. {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh also a man to a woman. {NS}
255:  Uh {X}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And if a girl stops letting her boy come over you would say she {NS}
255:  If a girlfriend stops her boyfriend from coming over to see her
Interviewer:  Yeah. #1 And that they were engaged and all of a sudden she #
255:  #2 Well she {D: jolted} him that certainly could be used there. # {NS} Or she {NS}
Interviewer:  And if she accepted they would be
255:  Married.
Interviewer:  Are there any uh humorous terms for that?
255:  Well sorts of terms for marriage get hitched and all that business but that's that's so common.
Interviewer:  A wedding the man who uh who stands up with the bride is the besides the uh besides the u- the the the man who's being married you know to her the man.
255:  Well of course he's the best man for the groom he would be by the bride.
Interviewer:  Right.
255:  #1 He by the best b- by the groom he'd be by the groom yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay by the groom right {X} you know the groom. # Other terms for that? #1 Or any old-fashioned #
255:  #2 Stood up for # He stood up for me? He I use that quite frequently he stood for me.
Interviewer:  And the girl that stands up with the bride is the
255:  Maid of honor? Or Uh a number of names for it uh attendant but maid of honor is uh {X}
Interviewer:  A noisy burlesque band playing that comes round to the house after a wedding is a
255:  Shivaree? #1 {NW} {C: laughing} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} {C: laughing} #
255:  Well I don't have guys they don't have shivarees but they used to when I was young. They give shivarees to Y- you don't give shivarees to people that they're married. You give a shivaree to a man who's married a second time.
Interviewer:  {NW}
255:  You don't give it to 'em when they're first married.
Interviewer:  Is there any Minorcan terms for that?
255:  Uh well uh {NW} well I'm sure there would be. Yes I'm sure because {X} The {X} people used to do it all the time they'd give a shivaree they'd take pans and beat 'em and make noise and all sorts of things they'd come in the house and just have and then they'd eat have food to bring food somebody would bring food and they'd eat it and drink but they would give a man a man who is married a second time he'd get a shivaree but the uh the first time no. You just said when they get married is that what you were asking?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  Well I I don't think that's I think shivaree is a would would really only apply to the name the the name shivaree applied to a person who's married before I don't believe it's
Interviewer:  You ever hear the word {D: sansoresa}?
255:  {D: Sansoresa} no that's probably a Minorcan word.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm.{C: laughing in background} #
255:  #2 Sound very proper while I'm talking just like you. # It tickles him he enjoys that.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh if uh if you #
255:  #2 {X} and he # he {X} and uh
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
255:  #2 {X} # You go When I was young whenever my father and mother paid their monthly bill at the grocery store we always tried to go with them because the man would give us {D: kutra}. Some cakes or cookies or candy. It's it's {D: kutra.} {X}
Interviewer:  Any other names do you happen to know for that?
255:  {X}
Interviewer:  And if I and then let's say also uh you might be somewhere and then you came back and you would say let's say you were up in Atlanta.
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh uh let's see right we're gonna forget that one I messed that up.
255:  #1 {NW} {C: laughing} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # Uh then you might say he blank the Browns. He lives blank the Browns.
255:  Near?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  He lives near the Browns.
Interviewer:  Or if they're far away you would say
255:  He lives uh across town from the Browns or he lives uh far away from the Browns he lives
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
255:  #1 He lives uh he lives uh on the other side of the river from the Browns. #
Interviewer:  #2 On the other side of the mountain or something like that. #
255:  {NS}
Interviewer:  If they uh let's see {NS} okay uh let's say if there was trouble at a party and the police came and arrested {NS} like you know they came and there was and there uh police came in and they stormed in a house somewhere and they arrested
255:  #1 Everybody? or what's #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. And what would other words you would say for that? # Or you know another word you would say they came and arrested everybody they could arrest would you call uh a group of {X} What would you call everybody? #1 Uh {X} #
255:  #2 Arrested the whole group? #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  Arrested everybody.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Or a crowd of people.
255:  Arrested the whole crowd.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um what do people uh what do young people like to go out by in the evening when they move around uh on the floor what do they like to do?
255:  Dance?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. #1 Any various kinds or any names that you have that #
255:  #2 Tango waltz two step three step. #
Interviewer:  If children get out of school at four you would say At four oh clock school does what
255:  Lets out?
Interviewer:  After a let's see After a vacation uh they say when does school blank again?
255:  Begin.
Interviewer:  {NW} {C: cough} A boy left his home to go to school and didn't show and didn't show he what
255:  #1 The boy left home and went to school. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah he was gonna go t- he was supposed to go to school and he didn't show up for school but what did he do then? #
255:  Played hooky.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about college or any things like that? Any terms they would say?
255:  Uh he uh skipped skipped the classes.
Interviewer:  {NW} You go to school to get an
255:  Knowledge.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and uh you s- um it's the kind that the it's the kind of school where almost everyone can get a good what
255:  #1 Education? #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # After it uh {NW} {C: cough} after kindergarten you go into the
255:  First grade.
Interviewer:  Other terms?
255:  First grade uh you say you say are there other terms?
Interviewer:  Yeah right.
255:  Uh
Interviewer:  #1 Are there older terms of #
255:  #2 Primer? #
Interviewer:  Uh let's say if someone like at your uh when you're working in the bank and you came in what what uh what thing would you sit down at?
255:  A desk.
Interviewer:  Right. And uh what's the plural of that?
255:  Desks.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Where do you mail a package? At the what?
255:  Post office.
Interviewer:  And if you stay overnight in a strange town you you stay at a
255:  Hotel or motel {X}.
Interviewer:  And you see a play at the
255:  Theater. {NS}
Interviewer:  And when you're in a hospital you're taken care of by you're taken care uh someone takes care of you is a
255:  Nurse?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And you catch a train at the
255:  Station. Depot.
Interviewer:  An open place in the city where the green grass and trees grow
255:  Park?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And uh one that's like if we go straight down the street and cross the bridge and right in front of Flagler what would you call that? Right there.
255:  {X} Flagler college?
Interviewer:  Yeah literally there's a thing there's a thing in front of Flagler #1 college there is a whole open area what do you call that? #
255:  #2 Yeah {X} # Uh {NW} {NS} Esplanade? {NS}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
255:  {X}
Interviewer:  {NW} {C: cough} {NS} Or a place at the center of the town round a courthouse what would you call that?
255:  Square?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Any other terms?
255:  That's a general term for the square. and well certain towns old towns particularly they always have a square at the center of town the courthouse.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And where there's if there's a vacant lot at the corner and you go and you go across it instead of going around it on the sidewalk you're walking {NS} #1 Or- right. #
255:  #2 Walking on the grass or are you walking or cutting # uh taking a shortcut?
Interviewer:  Right. Where two streets cross if a man starts out from one corner and walks to the opposite corner you say he walks how
255:  {X}
Interviewer:  Right {C: laughing afterwards} If he uh cuts across the field instead of following the road how do you say he walked? {NS} Okay. Uh vehicles that used to run on tracks with a wire overhead
255:  Trolley?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. If you tell the uh bus driver the next quarter I wa- I want
255:  To get off?
Interviewer:  Right. {NS} The uh cart the cat goes over the r- uh the door and meows and and the cat like you know the cat here r- runs out to the door and he starts meowing {X}
255:  He wants to get out.
Interviewer:  #1 Right. #
255:  #2 {NW} {C: laughing} # {X}
Interviewer:  You're at uh Saint John's county uh {NS} {X} here at Saint John's county there is uh what is the center of it called?
255:  {X} {X} County seat in Augustine.
Interviewer:  Uh who pays the uh postmaster the federal
255:  Federal government?
Interviewer:  The police in town are supposed to maintain
255:  Order. Law and order.
Interviewer:  Uh the fight between the North oh wait we already went over that. When they had uh the electric chair murderers were
255:  Exe- electrocuted.
Interviewer:  And before they had the electric chair they were
255:  Hung them.
Interviewer:  And the man went out and blank himself.
255:  And the man went out and hanged himself?
Interviewer:  Yes. Albany is the capital of #1 what state Albany is the capital of what state? #
255:  #2 Albany New York and # maybe some other I know New York.
Interviewer:  Annapolis is the uh capital of
255:  Maryland. No. Annapolis let's see {NS} I guess it is. Maryland.
Interviewer:  Richmond is the capital of
255:  Virginia.
Interviewer:  Raleigh is the capital of
255:  North Carolina.
Interviewer:  #1 Columbia is the capital of #
255:  #2 South Carolina. #
Interviewer:  Sherman oh you already mentioned that. Uh {NS} The volunteer uh state is
255:  Tennessee.
Interviewer:  The show me state is
255:  The what?
Interviewer:  The show me state is
255:  Show me?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  Uh Oklahoma? {X} Show me show me state. Oklahoma doesn't seem to be correct. ```` Uh {X} Show me state. Oh that's up New England.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
255:  Yes. Show me state.
Interviewer:  Jackson is the capital of
255:  Of uh Jackson is the capital of Mississippi.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And the Mississippi ru- river runs along what state?
255:  It runs along uh Alabama.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. #1 And for the um #
255:  #2 Louisiana # and uh Iowa?
Interviewer:  #1 And saint #
255:  #2 Missouri. #
Interviewer:  Saint Louis is in
255:  Saint Louis Missouri
Interviewer:  Uh Little Rock is the capital of
255:  Arkansas.
Interviewer:  The lone star state is
255:  Texas.
Interviewer:  Tulsa is in
255:  Oklahoma.
Interviewer:  Boston is in
255:  Massachusetts.
Interviewer:  The states from Maine to Connecticut are
255:  Huh?
Interviewer:  The states from Maine to Connecticut are
255:  The states from Maine to Connecticut? {NS} {C: something dropped in background} Uh from Maine #1 to Connecticut you mean the New England states? {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh right. # Mm-hmm.
255:  Let's see. Rhode Island. Uh Massachusetts. Maine. Vermont. New York. Connecticut. {NS} Let's see. Connecticut Massachusetts.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  Rhode Island.
Interviewer:  #1 That's good enough. #
255:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Uh the biggest city in Maryland is
255:  Baltimore.
Interviewer:  The capital of the U-S-A is
255:  Washington D-C District of Columbia.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh the biggest city in Missouri is
255:  The biggest city in Missouri is Saint Louis.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. The oldest historical seaport in South Carolina is
255:  Georgetown?
Interviewer:  Uh they speak uh Gullah.
255:  Oh Charleston oh yes my gosh yes certainly.
Interviewer:  The biggest uh the big steel making town in Alabama is
255:  The big steel what?
Interviewer:  Making town in Alabama is
255:  #1 The the the big steel making town in Alabama #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah steel making town in Alabama is #
255:  Steel making steel making {X} I don't Birmingham.
Interviewer:  Uh okay and
255:  #1 Spent some time in {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 the biggest city # Mm-hmm.
255:  It's right next door.
Interviewer:  The big city in Illinois where Al Capone once ran the rackets
255:  {NW} {C: chuckle} Chicago {C: laughing as he says this}.
Interviewer:  Uh the capital of Alabama is
255:  Uh Montgomery.
Interviewer:  #1 What are so- #
255:  #2 My my father's brother # My grandfather's brother was when he was a young priest He was a pastor over the Catholic church in Montgomery.
Interviewer:  {NW} And uh you happen to know of any um any of the uh different other cities in the Alabama? One on the Gulf for instance?
255:  Mobile.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. The resort city of the western part of North Carolina
255:  A resort city on the west part of North Carolina is Waynesville or uh Asheville.
Interviewer:  And the biggest city in east Tennessee?
255:  East Nashville.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. They used to used to also have a railway named after that the one of the big stops on the railway. {NS} Or did you happen to ever listen to the uh maybe recall um the Andrews sister used the Andrews sisters used to have this uh they used to call it the what choo choo you know the song used to have
255:  {NW} Uh the {X} #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
255:  {X} {X} I don't remember the song though. {NS}
Interviewer:  It it's one of the larger cities in in Tennessee.
255:  What are you trying to get the name of the town?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
255:  #1 Y- you're trying to get the name of the #
Interviewer:  #2 Right uh the city. #
255:  Louisville Kentucky is in or what what is it now you want now What are you as- in Tennessee and you want a large city?
Interviewer:  Beg pardon?
255:  You want a large city in Tennessee?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  Well uh Nashville on the east.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  And uh and uh {X} Tennessee is a Memphis?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
255:  It's the largest city I think is Memphis.
Interviewer:  And then there's another one?
255:  Let's see Memphis Nashville uh
Interviewer:  {X} train stop.
255:  {NW} {NS} {X} train stop well I'll be darned. Louisville is in Kentucky. {X} No. Well I just can't get there I'm sorry.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NW} The uh the city up in the mountains in North Carolina is
255:  Well Asheville is in the mountains.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  So is Hendersonville.
Interviewer:  There is one uh there's there is a place where they keep all the gold in the United States. The reserves.
255:  Uh
Interviewer:  Or
255:  #1 Fort Knox {X} to Nashville {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh and then uh no that that word #
255:  #1 oh Fort Knox {X} in Tennessee yeah {X} I know Knoxville too. #
Interviewer:  #2 that that you okay # #1 {X} #
255:  #2 I couldn't think of Knoxville. # But Knoxville is not as large as Memphis.
Interviewer:  Right.
255:  And {X} Nashville either I don't think.
Interviewer:  The capital of the largest city in Georgia is
255:  Atlanta.
Interviewer:  And the biggest seaport in Georgia
255:  It's Savannah.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. The biggest city in southern Georgia is
255:  #1 In southern Georgia. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. #
255:  Macon.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Fort Benning is near what town in Georgia?
255:  Fort Benning is near what now wait a minute Fort Benning Fort Benning {X} {C: loud noise fades voices}
Interviewer:  And then the man who discovered America
255:  Americus?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  #1 Y- you say the man who #
Interviewer:  #2 That's one of them. # the uh he was on who's ships under whose leadership?
255:  What are you trying to ask me now the name of the you looking for a town?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
255:  Oh.
Interviewer:  Man who discovered America you know. `
255:  {NS} Columbia?
Interviewer:  You're right and you get right and d- the man's name was
255:  Columbus Georgia.
Interviewer:  Right. {C: background noise} Good. The biggest city uh in Louisiana is
255:  New Orleans.
Interviewer:  Uh you're right and the capital of Louisiana is
255:  Baton Rouge.
Interviewer:  The biggest city in southern Ohio is
255:  #1 The biggest city in southern Ohio is {X}. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh-huh. # Uh-huh. {NS} And uh {NS} The biggest cities on the Ohio River are
255:  Now the biggest cities on the Ohio River uh well of course {X} {X} {X} Saint Louis uh the in Ohio.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
255:  Let's see {X}. Biggest cities on the Mississippi. In O- in Ohio.
Interviewer:  In the ho- Ohio River.
255:  O- oh.
Interviewer:  Ohio River.
255:  Oh Ohio River. Uh. Cleveland?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm that's good. And uh {NW} if somebody asks you to go with him and you don't and you're not sure you want to you say I don't know
255:  If I'll go on out I don't know #1 I'm not sure I I'm not sure I will go. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # {NW} {C: cough} And then you say also I don't know blank I can do it or not.
255:  #1 Don't know if I can make it or not. #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. # Uh if you have uh a very sick friend and he's not likely to get better if somebody asks you how he is coming along you say well it seems {NS} well it seems like if you have a sick friend and he is not likely to get any better.
255:  Seems like he'll not make it.
Interviewer:  #1 Beg your pardon? #
255:  #2 Uh seems like he'll not make it. # Uh but it seems like he won't live long. #1 Seem like #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} {C: cough} #
255:  it's his last illness. Seems like
Interviewer:  Right. If you were asked uh to go somewhere without your wife you'd say I won't go
255:  Unless Catherine is invited or Catherine goes. {B} {C: Beep should be here for the name?}
Interviewer:  Right. Uh if your daughter did not help you with the dishes you'd say she went off playing blank.
255:  Hooky?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Yeah or playing blank ins- uh blank #1 Helping me. #
255:  #2 Playing sick or playing #
Interviewer:  Or she went off plain Eh uh plain helping me. Plain blank helping me.
255:  Playing oh. She ran off uh {NS} without helping me uh.
Interviewer:  Or uh when {NW} {C: cough} you could have used help you might uh ask afterwards why didn't you sit around blank helping me? {NS}
255:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Or why did you sit around blank helping me why did you sit around blank helping me?
255:  Oh if you had to go why'd you eh wh- why'd you sit around helping me?
Interviewer:  Yeah why did you blank sit around helping me? Fill in the blank there. {NS} Or you might say uh a word that is used for uh the you know the mortgage means an alternative. Why did you sit around blank helping me? #1 Why did you sit around as an alternative to helping me? What would you say as a word for that? #
255:  #2 {NW} # Why'd you why would you sit around waiting for me?
Interviewer:  Or ask you know like you might say why did you sit around as an alternative of helping me? So then if you were to instead of using the word as an alternative you would you'd instead of using as an alternative you'd use one word Why did you sit around blank helping me? {NS} Or if y- let's say if if you had if there was a if you went out and bought some kids some ice cream and there was this one kid and you forgot he said that he wanted nill- vanilla ice cream and he said you know he told you you wanted vanill- vanilla ice cream and you said okay I'll get you vanilla ice cream and all the kids chocolate ice cream {NW} and you mistakenly {C: cough} given one kid the vanilla ice cream cone you know another kid. And you and you went up to him and this you know this one kid who asked you for the vanilla ice cream cone
255:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  came up to you and said hey I didn't want chocolate I wanted vanilla. And you went up and you took his chocolate ice cream and you went up to the kid who had the vanilla ice cream cone and you say well don't you want this chocolate ice cream cone blank that vanilla ice cream cone?
255:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. # Any other terms you say?
255:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  You wanted to switch don't you want this ice cream cone blank that ice cream cone?
255:  Instead of that.
Interviewer:  {NS} #1 {NW} {C: laughing} #
255:  #2 {X} {C: laughing while speaking, can't make out sentence) # {D: You was going all the way around the bush. Oh dear. {C: laughing} Why {X} {X} {C: laughing while trying to speak} {NW} Oh dear.
Interviewer:  A man is fun- uh a man is funny and you'd like him you say I like him {NS}
255:  Very much.
Interviewer:  Yeah or if you wanted to say #1 the reasons. #
255:  #2 Lots. #
Interviewer:  Why you l- liked him you'd say I like him
255:  Because he's funny and because he's jolly and because he's nice.
Interviewer:  Uh you happen to know the names of the large Protestant churches?
255:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  The largest the largest Protestant denomination in the south.
255:  Baptist church.
Interviewer:  If people became members you would say they what. {NS} #1 If people #
255:  #2 Baptists? #
Interviewer:  Yeah or if people became members of the church you would say they
255:  Joined the church?
Interviewer:  Right. In church you pray to
255:  You say on church?
Interviewer:  In church you pray to
255:  God? {NS}
Interviewer:  The priest uh delivers a fine
255:  Sermon?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. The choir and the organist provide good
255:  Music. {NS} Oh good uh good uh songs or music.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. If you uh if you had to change a flat tire on the way to church on Sunday morning you might say church will be over
255:  Before I get there?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Or you might say uh thought I had time I got caught in the traffic and uh and the post office and the post office was closed {NS}
255:  Before I got there?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} {C: crackling noise in background} Um. {NS} {C: crackling noise in background}