Interviewer: {NS: Papers} Alright I got it. Um, now. {NS: Papers} Close that down. The um {NS: Microphone adjustment} {NS: Radio} {D: I gave you that sheet, right?} {NS: Radio} Today is what, the fifteenth? 289: Fourteenth. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: Time's been flying by so fast. 289: um I just count to Disney World September the fifth. {NW: Grunt} Interviewer: How many times have you been there? 289: It's been open four years and it'll be my fourth time. Interviewer: Do you really like {X}. 289: Well when you go there, as soon as you get to the gate, you know you give them your reservation, if you're staying at their hotels, you enter a new world. You don't have any worries, no problems. You don't know anyone there, other than the person that you're with. And the people there, they're kind they're courteous, they'll go out of their way to help you in any way. Because my old nephew last year, we had him with us, And he got sick and we thought we might have to use the hospital, you know we was wondering how to get there. And the nurse on the phone says, "Well ma'am," she says, "If you need any help what so ever, you phone down for the desk you tell the guy that you have to take the baby, to a- to a hospital," you know. "There will be a courtesy car waiting at the front door for you. The car will take you to the hospital. It will wait there until you are finished to return and it doesn't cost you a thing except your own hospital bill." That was it. So really really can't go wrong. I've seen people there that's just had major surgery and a doctor says, "Well go somewhere where you can relax." At Disney World. Interviewer: Huh. Well I, I never would have thought that people in Florida would have found a place to uh, go in Florida {NW} 289: Well let's put it this way for us right now, since my father's death it's just my mother and myself. So that is the nearest place that we can go, that we can stay, for a while, And can afford it, it's not too- The most expensive thing is your hotel room. Everything else inside of Disney World itself is cheap. Interviewer: Is it? Now that's the thing that's keeping me away more or less, you know. 289: Well I think you get a tick- you can get enough- you get two admissions and enough tickets for two days I think it's for about eight dollars. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: So where can you go to get tickets, you know, for entertainment. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: And I've been there four time- three times, And I still haven't seen everything yet. I'm still waiting to see it all. Interviewer: They're building more too. 289: Well it's just that- you get- to where you like one thing so much that- "Small world" last year I went to about three different times. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: And while I had my nephew with me, and he wanted to see "Small World." So we can- and you enjoy it so. {NS} Interviewer: Do um, Do they have a lot of acts and things, you know like? 289: Well they have one that's put out by Frito-Lay and Pepsi, that's real live entertainment, And it's free. You don't need the coupons. And all you have to do is, when you go in they set you to a table, you buy a coke- I mean not coke, good heavens. You buy a Pepsi. Interviewer: {NW: Laughing} 289: And uh, potato chips or brownies and eat it and while the entertainments on it's free Interviewer: #1 {NW: Laugh} {X} {NW: Laugh} # 289: #2 That's free, uh huh # {NW} Thirty-five cents for a soda and, you're in there for an hour in air condition. So it's worth it, that, that one's free and I think uh, Eastern has a free one. Monsanto had one. They're free, period, well this year they got um, the Hall of Presidents for the Bicentennial, it's free. And you can go in, you don't need to use your tickets for that and that's nice. But the one they have in California they have just of Lincoln. Interviewer: Mm. 289: And he'll be sitting down when the thing opens, when the curtain opens and he'll move his head around and you see his hand on his chair moving, and then he'll stand up and his fingers moves, his feet moves, his eyes move around, and his mouth is going, and then he'll take a step forward and back. And I get more- I get- Just remembering the one in California from the one visit gives me more of a thrill than this one. Interviewer: Oh yeah? 289: But everytime I go there and see one with President Kennedy, {X} I think he's standing, he looks at you and nods, I can Barely cry anyway, when I see him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: That's nice. Interviewer: Yeah well I just eh, I might be able to stop by there on the way back down. 289: Well it's nice because, While the Ca- before I went, two times I went, I just paid for The straight hotel room. And well, but since then, this year they've raised the prices for the hotel room. {X} Cheapest one. But forty-two dollars isn't cheap. Interviewer: Alright. 289: But for forty-two dollars you can have two adults and three children in your room, that's it. Interviewer: Yeah, so it's better if you had a family. 289: Yeah. But then uh, and to that, is any kid under seventeen years of age can stay in your room free. Interviewer: Um. 289: With their parents, so that's where it comes in good too. Interviewer: Yeah, and you couldn't do that with uh, some place else. 289: No. Interviewer: So, okay {NW: Laugh} so, um. What- what county- what does- fir-first off give the city and the county that- 289: Key West, Monroe County, Florida. Interviewer: Okay, And your full name. 289: {B} Interviewer: L, A, E? 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {NS: Radio} {X} 289: Right. Interviewer: Okay and your address? 289: {B} {NS: Radio} Okay, and your birthplace? Key West. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: Okay, mind if I ask your age? 289: {NW: Laugh} Thirty-four. Interviewer: Okay. 289: Female Interviewer: Yeah well I- {NW: Laugh} 289: And white. {NW: Laugh} Interviewer: Okay. um, and your occupation? 289: Assistant Librarian. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: {X} {NS: Radio} A, R, Y, that's it. {NS: Radio} And your religion? 289: Episcopalian. or Protestant. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: When can, well, {D: With all them kind of churches they have} ain't a lot of churches {D: of this kind}. 289: Jewish, Catholic, Methodists, There's a congregational, They have that, What is it, "Liebman Memorial" then they have that- I call it, "Holy witness" {NS: Radio} Episcopal, Um {NS: Radio} I call them other ones I call them "Lig" I call them holy roller churches but I know that's not what they- what they call them now. Interviewer: And what is it uh- uh, immerse? 289: Yeah. Interviewer: What are those? 289: Well you have a baptist church where they, dump you in the water. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: And then th- that um "Glad Tidings Tabernacle," they, dump you in the water too. {NS: Radio} Just a little bit of everything, and they have that Uni- they have that Unitarian church, too. Interviewer: That's one of the few I've seen around here that has about twice as many churches as bars. It's usually the other way around {NW: Laugh}. 289: Well some of these bars need to be uh, closed up anyway. Interviewer: Oh yeah? 289: I would- let's put it this way- {X} I'll go to- about the only one I'll go to now is the Inner Circle Because you know they have people there to see to it that if other people get too rowdy it's, the door. Interviewer: Oh. 289: Just leave. Interviewer: Some of them get pretty rough? 289: Well I've heard the big daddies have had some knife fights. Interviewer: Knives? {X} from outsiders or city people or? 289: No I couldn't take this, I don't even go that much out. Not in Key West, I'll wait and Miami bound and then I'll go out. Interviewer: Okay. and uh, um, when was the last uh, The highest, education you went? 289: The highest when I finished high school and took one course at a junior college. Interviewer: Okay, so, uh. W- did you go to high school here? 289: Mm-hmm, Key West High. {NS: Microphone adjustment, Radio} Interviewer: And now is that the junior college here? 289: Florida Keys Community College. Interviewer: It um. The uh, how big is that school? 289: I have no idea I went there in nineteen seventy-one, in the summertime, for six weeks, just to take one course on, business management, that was it. Interviewer: {NS: Radio} I was just noticed, curious, because I haven't seen it yet but- 289: Well I assumed to think they had around three hundred kids that uh graduated. Interviewer: Three hundred. 289: From there this year. Interviewer: And it'd probably be around, three- that'd probably mean about two thousand I guess, all together. 289: Well I know- I know they added- they supposed to be adding on but I don't- Interviewer: #1 Well I guess n- # 289: #2 I don't know how much. # Interviewer: The uh. {X} do you know when the- the- see they're closing down the bases aren't they? 289: Most of them are cl- well see the naval station, is pretty well closed, they have a sonar station going there. And I know the galley, is open, cuz they have a lot of people. See there's a lot of government housing down there, so they put the- the higher ranking officers get the better homes. So that's open for that and I know they can feed two or three hundred at that galley. Now at Bogacheeka, they have, Air Force. Army. Marines. Navy. There. And I know at their lunch time which is uh, they call it dinner they feed- they can feed anywhere from four to seven hundred people. And I know, I've worked there. Interviewer: Oh. 289: So forget it I know they got that there. Interviewer: So it's still going on. 289: That one's still going I think they going to keep that, a-mainly for a um, Training- thing because, a lot of times Pensacola is where they teach the- you know the pilots to fly and how to land on a small, landing strip For carriers. And a lot of times, when Pensacola in the winter time it has bad weather, they send the, planes to Key West and they practice landing here cuz we have a short strip that is about the length of a carrier. Interviewer: Oh, I see. 289: So they always coming in and out. Interviewer: I know there was some over there {X} make a lot of a noise. At least that's what uh- 289: Well they've cut down since they've had that fuel, shortage, thing. They've cut down and they used to be flying, all over. And we used to see the big Air Force b- um, SAC Planes from Homestead. You'll see them. I guess they have to come down so low to get ready to go into uh- homestead because you could really distinguish them. Interviewer: Oh. They were flying very low? 289: Yeah. And they used to have, see they used to have um. B, F, One oh One. V, X, One. V, S, Thirty. And I think now they only have B, F, One oh One, and they have that R, V, A, H Squadron and- Interviewer: So they were fi- fighter squadrons. 289: Mm-hmm. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: You belong to any, uh, clubs or social groups or? Anything like that? #1 You know, professional groups? # 289: #2 No. # No, mm-mm Interviewer: Okay. How about uh, your- your parents' uh birthplace, your mother and father? 289: My mother was born in Punta-Gorda, Florida, Punta-Gorda. {NS: Radio} My father was Key West. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: Okay. Uh now, you said your mother was born in Punta- Punta-Gorda mainly because uh, uh she went up there- I mean her parents went up there and came back? 289: Yeah. Well she, her mother was- bo- Her mother- {NS} Is there, but she was supposed to be adopted by another family, and she was brought and raised here, but she lived in Philadelphia some and she lived in- Interviewer: #1 That's your grandmother? # 289: #2 Tampa, then she came to Key West. # No my mother. Interviewer: Alright, your mother. 289: But she's been here most- Since she's about, I guess about six years old, five or six years old. Interviewer: Okay, but she was born there? 289: Yeah. Interviewer: And what, where were her parents from? Your grandparents from? 289: I have no idea where hers came from. Interviewer: Okay. And um, but she was born there and she lived in Philadelphia but she came here #1 After you were born, # 289: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 For a while. # 289: #2 yeah. # She's been here ever- ever since she was a- I say since she was around five, six years old she's been in Key West, and this is where she's lived. Interviewer: Okay. And uh how about your uh, father's grandparents? Are those the one- those the ones that- 289: They're the ones- that- came to Key West from the Bahamas and England. Interviewer: And that was back, what- what do they trace that back to, The landscape that {X}. 289: Eighteen Sixty Four. Interviewer: Sixty Four? So that'd be uh- 289: Over a hundred years. Interviewer: Yeah- you- your great- that's your- your great grandfather. 289: This way, I know of, my grandmother, my great grandmother, and I've heard of my great- Great grandmother, and when my grandmother was alive- Back a little bit more but that's about it. Interviewer: Yeah but the ones that were born, or lived here you know, uh, your great grandmother lived here? 289: My great grandmother lived here, yeah. Interviewer: And uh. And your grandfather was born here. 289: I think so. Interviewer: And then your father. 289: I- I've never been really interested in that family tree thing, maybe as I get older. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: I will but, I know they was- They all came- my father's side of the family was all came from here, or was born here. Our C- Our house one of those old Conch houses, that- and the main section of the old house- of the house, instead of using two-by-fours they used four-by-fours. Interviewer: Mm. 289: And they have uh- you try and cut that wood it'll spark out fire. That's how good it still is cuz it's that, good mahogany. {X} And it has the wooden nails in it. Interviewer: Mm. You mean the pegs? 289: Mm-hmm, the wooden pegs. Interviewer: The um, what- what was the- what- what's been your um- well what was your father's occupation? 289: He was a carpenter. Interviewer: Carpenter? Okay. And um- How about- did your mother, work? 289: Well she works- she's worked for the Navy, and she works right now for a bookstore. Interviewer: So she's been like what um, well she's been employed but um- 289: She's always been working ever since I was little. Maybe a year or, two here and there where she didn't, but she's always been working. Interviewer: Okay {X}- So it's like a Clerk, or? 289: Yeah, Clerk. Interviewer: Okay. Um- How about uh- Do you know your mother and father's education level? 289: My father went as, high as the, eighth grade I think it was then he had to quit because his father had died when he was little, and my grandmother thought where she had to sons and my father being the ol'- oldest, that my father was the one that had to quit the school first, and go to work Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: And my mother I think she went to about the seventh- Seventh or eight grade. Interviewer: Okay. 289: That's about it. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: The um- And, you say you didn't- you said you didn't know where your uh maternal grandparents were from. 289: My Ma Annie- my great grandmother was Key West but any of the others. They ca- All I know is they all came from England, to the Bahamas, and then- Interviewer: Now this is the one from your mom's side? 289: No, her side I don't know, I don't know nothing about them. Now the ones she calls her grandparents, that, you know, she referred to uh, were from here. But see they wouldn't be her real- Interviewer: #1 Oh they were the adopted- oh. # 289: #2 The adopted- grandparents. # Interviewer: Oh I see. 289: Because the adopted ones are Spanish- No Italian, Spanish Italians. Interviewer: Are there very many factions, uh national factions, what- what factions do find in the {X}? 289: Uh, Spanish. Cuban. {NS: Radio} Yeah some Ital- Italian. {NS: Radio} I guess a little bit of about everything- there's some Indians here. {NS} There's some British a come over. You know, that's moved here. There's one my girlfriend's, she was from England. She met a service man now she goes here, she's from England. There's some French here. Interviewer: Are there any Haitians? You know from Haiti? 289: Yeah. I think we got a little bit of about everything. Interviewer: {X} How large is the, Do you know how large the population of the city is? You know, approximately. 289: I guess around twenty thousand. Interviewer: #1 So- so it's- # 289: #2 Maybe more maybe- # Interviewer: Yeah with the navy. 289: With the Navy in and out you can never, Keep real count- I say around twenty thousand. {X} Interviewer: Is that counting the Navy? 289: They- I always give a figure so I would say it would have to include the Navy because I know one time it was up to about thirty thousand, thirty five thousand. Interviewer: Hmm 289: Then we have a lot of- Winter residents That- They don't want to stay up north, for the winter so they buy their houses here. Because uh, two houses down from us we have a man that um- A family bought it, and they kept it for their winter house, and then her husband died so she's resold it to another guy from Washington D.C. So they- they come down here and they like it, uh because everything is never today, tomorrow we can do it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, yeah. 289: And there's no, no rush. So. Interviewer: I've encountered it. {NW: Laugh} 289: We're not going to get anything to far, that's- you know that's one thing I've come to hate here? Interviewer: What, the uh. 289: "Never today, always tomorrow." If you need something that's broken down, "Well I can't get to it today but maybe tomorrow I can be there" {NS} Interviewer: {X} Because um- Everybody always looks like they're doing something, but they always look like they're doing something slowly. {NW: Laugh} 289: Yeah, no rush, and that's what gets me mad cuz If something goes wrong, I want to know- Like a lot of times, okay, something will happen, my sister's in Orlando going to school. Okay she'll phone, and tell my mother something that's happened Well, it's n- it's always on the night that I work until nine o'clock. So by time I get home at nine o'clock, and I take my bath, I walk my dog first and take my bath, and while I'm getting in bed to relax and go to sleep, my mama says, "well this and this happened." And that gets me madder than anything because, why couldn't she phone me earlier, And tell me then that way I could worked out all my madness at work before I got home. Or something will go wrong with- The car. {NS} So she waits until it's too late, everything's closed up so I can do something about it. Interviewer: Mm. 289: Where she as she phoned me earlier I could be phoning people and finding out what, you know, has to be done. Interviewer: Right. 289: I hate it. {NS} Interviewer: Well- You know that's uh- D- well, uh- You don't hate it enough to leave the Island though. 289: If I found- let's put it this way, if I could pay off my bills, and find another job that pays me as good as this one or better, you want to see how fast I'll go? Interviewer: Yea, well uh- do you um. Uh you've been here- you've been here all your life right? 289: Right Interviewer: I mean uh- 289: Except for six months when I lived in Miami. Interviewer: That was just a visit or what? 289: No I had a job up there working for Howard Johnson's- restaurants I was an assistant manager. And I got homesick so I asked for a transfer back to Key West because that had been my first time away. And they gave it to me, um and then when I came back to Key West- mind and in your own home town, you never saw so many backstabbers at that place of business. Interviewer: Oh. {NS} 289: So we departed company. Interviewer: The uh, well the reason I ask that is uh. Um. Uh, I was just curious about uh, you know how much- the tie is you {X} 289: Well I- I get homesick for my parents, From- from- I- cuz I was real- I was close to my grand- to my father. Okay, now that he's passed away it's just my mother and myself, And we're living in our home, and my brother's here. But Oh if I had If I had to move away, if I got a good job, or got mar- and could move away, and whenever I got homesick all I'd have to do is pick up the phone, talk to my mother and hear the complaints, then I'm not homesick anymore Interviewer: Right, mm. Just the sound. 289: Yeah, that'll take care of it. Interviewer: Right, um- Now- uh let me see now, you- you said that you were a uh, uh that the family's been here for, I guess, about four generations. The um- Do you know the educational levels of uh, like your grandparents? 289: No I don't. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 289: #2 See they- # My great grandmother died, I guess when I was around four, so I don't even remember much about here except we call her "Ma Annie." Interviewer: Mm. 289: And I know she insisted when my mother was pregnant carrying my brother, that it was- it was going to be a boy, and it had to be called "Billy Boy." So since my father's name was "William," they just named him {B} the sec- Junior, and we called him "Billy Boy." {NS: Clank} But now it's straight "Billy." You call him "Billy Boy" and you'll get socked. Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} 289: But- And other than that, My grandmother I don't know. {NS: Mic moving} {C: Mic moved away, audio harder to hear} We never talked about it. {NS: Mic moving} I have no way of knowing. Interviewer: The uh. Uh- and do you know what the uh, {NS: Mic moving} Occupation was for your uh, grandparents? 289: No. Interviewer: {NS} {C: Mic moving back} 289: Because you see my-{NS: mic} I- My- Father's father I don't know what he did because he died when my father was around six or seven. And he got- to go to school until he was around twelve, I guess, ten or twelve, then he had to quit. And I've never heard my um, father talk about him because I don't think my father knew him, you know, even though he lived to be, you know, he's was around eight or nine. I don't know if he knew that- remember that much about him. And my grandmother never talked that much about him. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: I found, uh, something- the same thing with uh, with the- with the Sawyer family, uh. Like, you know, he wasn't real very- very close at all with his parents #1 uh, except for his mother # 289: #2 No # Interviewer: And uh, it seems like, you know that- the children get closely attached to the mother and the father is either like, uh, working in the ocean or, you know, whatever. 289: Well I guess he more or less did that. I know- in the house we live in belonged, to, Ma Annie's family. I think her last name was "Adams." That whole block, way back when they first came over from the Bahamas, belonged to us. And as things went along and things got tougher we had to keep selling it. Now the houses two doors before you get to us used to be Ma Annie's house, and during the- depression or whatever, they sold that house for three thousand dollars. Think it was thirty-five hundred, something like that. And anyway, they just resold a house about five months ago for thirty-five thousand. So I was close- now I was close to my grandmother. Out of the grandchildren I was closest to my grandmother. But I never heard her talk that much about anything. Interviewer: Yeah I was just wondering if the family- do the families tend to be very close here or do they have a tendency to be more independent, or? 289: Well I- I would say uh, in my family we're close because, uh, my grandmother, my father's mother was my father's, second wife. Now his first children live in Miami. You know, my aunt, when she got into her teens and then they moved to {X} Florida {D: North of Miami} Beach. Alright now with them we're close, because uh between my father and my Aunt, they got along as sister and brother, better than what she got along with her real brother. Interviewer: {NW} 289: So it's close there. Interviewer: {X} You said your father's mother was your, what was that again? 289: My father's mother was my father's, father's, Interviewer: Okay. 289: second wife. Interviewer: Okay because you said your father's mother was your father's second wife. {NW} That could cause a little trouble. {NW: Laugh} 289: Let {D: Them/Him} figure that one out Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} 289: No, she- my grandmother was his second wife and he had two other kids and they lived in- they live in Miami well- my aunt just passed away in February. {NS: Radio} So But we're close because, in my aunt's will she left her home, as a homestead, that any member of her family, meaning us in Key West, you know, my father, me, my mother, it's automatically stated in her will that, any time we want to come to Miami, and stay there at that house, we are more than welcome to be there- we have the right to be in the house too. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: And like, if I had to get another job in Miami, I have the right to live in the house if I want to live, Interviewer: Hmm. 289: as long as I contribute to the household, bills. Interviewer: Oh is it uh, is- oh who lives there now? 289: Well it's her youngest daughter, she's been divorced about- I guess around, twelve years. I mean- uh- he was- He died several years back, but she lives there now. Now if she had to go remarry well then the sisters can say, "We want to sell the house," but it can't be sold because of- I think- because of the- um- homestead, the way it was set up in the will. Because she left- She didn't leave a fortune but she left enough money to keep up the household, you know, keep up the repairs to it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: And now her, brother is living there so he's, having to pay, you know to help keep it up too. Interviewer: Hmm. Okay. Uh, are you married? 289: No. Interviewer: Okay. And um. {NS: Radio} Okay what I like to do here is now- now the old house, the house that's been- that you said that uh, that was in the- that your father's- the one that's pegged. 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um. Did you- did you live in that one? 289: I was born in that one. Interviewer: Okay and, and is that still in the family? 289: Still there Interviewer: Is that the one you're living in now? 289: Right. Interviewer: Okay. Um. I- I'm going to try to get- is it two story or one? 289: It's a story and a half. Interviewer: Okay. 289: Not quite- Interviewer: Do you have an- is there a local name for that type of story and a half thing? 289: No, no not that I know, they just call it a story and a half cuz it's not, you know. Interviewer: Is it like, when you say a story and a half you're talking about the upstairs that slope it's like a- 289: It kind- the walls on the side are maybe is about four feet- four feet up, then it slants a little bit more up, then it's this way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: You know, it's- like a flat roof, then slants, then slants, then side. So Whereas Interviewer: #1 So looking at- # 289: #2 Uh, you put your bed # to the w- to the wall, you know, to the sides because if you had to put it up against the wall, you know, the main section of it, when you get up the one that was on the other- the right side would bop their head. Interviewer: Okay so it's got the- the ceiling is the roof pitch 289: The- {X} On the outside it looks like a straight, regular house. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Okay you go four feet up no the side the walls, and then it slants for about six feet, and then it's flat across the top. Interviewer: Okay. And- This is on the inside. 289: Yeah it's on the inside. But it's a regular- what, triangle roof? Interviewer: Yeah. Just looks like a regular house on the outside but it's a little bit shorter than a two story. 289: It's not- the only thing is it's not quite as t- you know, high up in the ceiling- a person I would say over six feet, two, might bump there head. Whereas the downstairs ceiling's about eight feet up. Seven or eight feet up. Interviewer: So. Okay. And uh- alright- uh- is it like square- would it be rectangular- and uh- and looking at it from the top like a floor plan? #1 Lets look at the, first floor for a second. # 289: #2 It's- not- the first floor of- okay, it's long. # It's not very. Interviewer: So I'm going to try and draw a- 289: Okay it's around twenty-two feet wide. Interviewer: Okay. {NS: silent} Alright, let's- let's say that- {X}- that would be- it's right down here, right? 289: In right in {D: Flemming} yeah, it's eleven {D: Ten/Tenths}. Interviewer: Okay. So uh, lets say this is the {D: Flemming} out here, okay, what would be the first thing you see? 289: S- Well, as soon as you come- okay wait a minute, facing into it- okay. On the right side of it's a front door. And there's a small little porch area because the rest of the porch we took in as a Florida room. You know, made it all one bigger room. Interviewer: So it's got uh, so you didn't have a- 289: It's a front door, on the right side. Interviewer: {X} did the porch go all the way across the front one time? 289: Yes it used to. Interviewer: Okay, but then there's, like, that much is screened in now? 289: It's all- w- with glass windows, big glass windows. Interviewer: And you call that what? 289: It's probably the porch or the Florida room, added into the living room. Interviewer: Okay. And then y- you had the front door {X} 289: Okay, soon as you go in the front door, there's a hallway. Interviewer: Okay. 289: Okay you step in the- okay you step in the front door, to your left there's a door that goes into the front room. Interviewer: Okay. 289: And- further, you know, what the porch areas, where we took- you know, cut out the wall for that- area make it bigger. Okay. Now facing since you go in the steps leading upstairs. Interviewer: Right here? 289: Right, but not all the way across, just halfway across because we have a hallway. Interviewer: Okay. 289: On the opposite side. Interviewer: Oh Okay. {NS: Radio} How long does the hall go? 289: Now that's my {X} okay you put a- Now draw a line right here. Interviewer: Right here? 289: Uh-huh. Interviewer: Out this way? 289: Yeah okay now stop and come- leave a door space and come all the way over Interviewer: To the wall? 289: Okay yeah, right. Now this and this is all the big- the front room. This is where we cut out the wall to make the Florida room into it's all one big room. Interviewer: So this is the front room? 289: Right. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: You ever call it anything else? 289: No, that's the front room. Interviewer: Okay. 289: Here's the kitchen. Interviewer: #1 Right here behind the? # 289: #2 Uh-huh now this wall we cut out # to make a bar. Interviewer: #1 So there's a bar right here? # 289: #2 Uh-huh # A serving big bar, it's full length, just enough room for the door- frame. {NS: Radio} Okay, now let's see. Draw a- okay all this- now draw a line across here. #1 Okay- yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Is that the wall going?- # 289: No, there's no wall, that's all open to the kitchen. Okay now- dr- start right here, and draw a line this way. Okay, all this area would be the kitchen. Interviewer: All kitchen. Okay. 289: Okay now- we got- three windows along the hallway, Interviewer: Yeah? 289: one window in the front room on the side, and two windows in the kitchen. Okay, cross the front, in the Florida room there's uh, four big windows and two windows on the side, in that Florida section. Interviewer: Is that the type that you uh, crank out? 289: Crank it out. Interviewer: What are those types that uh, they're starting to come back- the old ones with uh, the wooden frames the come uh- 289: Wooden Slats? Interviewer: Yeah what are they called? {NS: Hit something} 289: Jalousies. Interviewer: Are those jalousies? Were those- uh the glass ones are called Jalousies too. 289: They're all called jalousies but it's all according to- You can get the metal- jalousie, you can get the glass, and you can get the wood. Interviewer: Ah. 289: If I had my way, I'd either get the uh Glass- I mean not the glass- the metal, because when a hurricane comes, just roll 'em to, that's it forget it Interviewer: Yeah. 289: As it is now with us, we board up. Interviewer: You board up? When was the last big hurricane you had here? That you can- that you thought was bad enough to worry about. 289: Well whenever it gets too close to us we automatically board up. And, that was when I was a little- shoo- I was around maybe seventeen or eighteen or nineteen, somewhere in there. And it wasn't even bad we were supposed to get it, we didn't get it, Marathon got it. #1 And the only thing that made- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 289: made it bad was my mother and father was on a vacation, going up to uh, New York and Boston, and that left me in the house. So my brother had to shut up his house, which he could do cuz he had the {D: jalous-} you know the- the aluminum panels to put in. My house you get slats, wide boards, and you nail up the windows. Well I was climbing up and down ladders nailing up, the windows to get as many done as I could get before my brother, got there to help finish boarding up, and the next day I couldn't move from going up and down that ladder. Interviewer: That was, that must have been about Sixty-one 289: Yeah, it's been way back Interviewer: So that'd be Donna? {NS: Radio} 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Was that Hurricane Donna? 289: I think so that- I don't even keep track of them really. When they go to come, when we board up, I figure well that's all that I can do. We see that we have food in the house that we can eat. And um. We generally keep our electricity for a long time unless one of the trees close by falls over. And, you know, knocks a power line. But as a rule, once we get board up, we cook something or fix something there that'll keep, without refrigeration, should we lose electricity, uh, that's it. I go upstairs, and I turn on my air conditioner, watch T.V. until power lines, cable vision from Miami, or put on my stereo and to- go to sleep. Interviewer: Mm. 289: Forget about. Interviewer: Did your parents ever give you any kind of instructions for uh, hurricanes? 289: Just to board up and um make sure everything that was in the yard was, you know, anchored down. And when we had a boat {NW} what was so funny was, we'd bring the boat home on a trailer, we'd take and slide the boat- sometimes, we'd slide the boat off the trailer, and on the handles in the back, you know how they put- so you could tie the ropes onto the boat in the back? We'd tie it to an avocado tree. So in case should we get high waters and it floods, we could go out and get in the boat and sail off somewhere, you know. But the funny part of it is, my street, is part of the high area of Key West. So I think they said the storm in Thirty-five, we got water up to the top step of our house, and that was as far as it went. And our house is maybe about- well, I guess about two- three feet up- you know, off the ground anyway. So I could see us if it got that deep to go out and get in the boat and go sailing somewhere. Interviewer: Might be standing around looking for {X}{NW}. 289: But that was it, bring in the trash cans fill the tub with water, Jimmy would go out- Everybody goes out and buys a new garbage can, and fills it with water- Interviewer: Yeah. 289: in case we had to- you know The water line busted the last time, and they had a real bad one. {NS: Radio} And we buy candles, or Kerosene, lamps, and that's about it. There's nothing else you can do once you get board up and you know you have your food and water, forget about it. Interviewer: Do they ever call uh, you said Kerosene lamps, they ever call Kerosene anything else around here? You ever hear that, people calling? 289: I don't know if they call it, we call it mineral spirits. Can you call it turpentine, kerosene, too? Interviewer: #1 I don't know. # 289: #2 I don't think so. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 289: #2 Well we go to the {D: Shell} station and say, "we want kerosene," # so they know what to give us. Interviewer: Yeah, uh, that's all you ever call it. Okay, now back to the house. {NW} 289: Okay, you come through this door. Here, okay you draw a line about right here. {NS: Radio} {X} and you got to leave a doorway, this is the bathroom. Interviewer: Okay so the bathroom here. Was that added on or was that? 289: That was- I think that was added on because I remember I was- when I was little, having an outhouse. Interviewer: #1 What- now what- we were talking about the other day- # 289: #2 Okay. # The old people call it, I think- they- a "privy?" but we call it a outhouse. The Navy calls it "john" or "heads." That's it. Interviewer: Is that the one's you remember? 289: I remember out- I remember calling it an outhouse. Or go to the toilet- it was out in the back yard. Okay, this is just the empty room where, we put anything really. Interviewer: What do you call- do you have a name for it {X}? 289: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Go to the- 289: It's the room off the bedroom or the room off the bathroom. Now right through here you- draw a- a little door space in here. And then you add on a big bedroom right here, now that's been added onto the house. Interviewer: All the way- about that much? 289: Yes. It's over fourteen feet long. I mean fourteen feet out and twenty- so high Interviewer: Okay. 289: And, uh, you have a doorway right here. {NS: Radio} That's goes out to the back yard. Interviewer: Okay. 289: And in the back we have a little garage. Interviewer: Alright. 289: {X} Interviewer: Alright, and then, the upstairs is as big as this? 289: No, the upstairs when I first measured it measures twenty, by twenty-four. Interviewer: Now does it have a, porch or uh? 289: No it does not have- it has a the- the roof, but I mean, w- you can't go out on to it, you know, over the porch. Interviewer: #1 So- # 289: #2 So it would {D: Start} back of the porch line. # Interviewer: #1 Okay I'm going to start it here then. # 289: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: And then it- how- would it run to this? 289: It would run as far as this, the kitchen, into the kitchen. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: Alright, and it'd be about, would- would it be narrower? {X} 289: Uh. Well, let's see The widest part of it is twenty-four f- no. The widest part of it is twenty feet, wide. And it's twenty four feet long. Okay. Interviewer: So it's as big as the square of this area here? 289: Well no not quite, let me show you. Interviewer: #1 Because the- # 289: #2 Okay. # {NS: Radio} In here, is where the steps comes up Interviewer: Okay. 289: Like that. And then this area over here would be the opening, over the hallway, you know, where we keep stored things. Interviewer: Right. 289: Okay when my father made it- My brother got married- when he was around nineteen, so it was just my sister and I so he made it two bedrooms, upstairs, okay. He figured he'd keep me around the house longer, so. My room is the larger, and it's like, that. Now, this empty space that was open over in here is now a walk-in, locker. {NS: Radio} And right here is one, window. {X} Okay, and this is my sister's doorway and this is the doorway coming up the steps. Now over here in her section she has a smaller locker. And this is her bedroom, with one window. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: Okay. {NS: Chair creaking} That's about the size of- 289: It's around twenty by twenty-four feet. You know, if you- if you took out the lockers, closed up. Interviewer: Okay, and now this is just a spare room. 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Or just a- 289: It's a junk collector. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 289: #2 That's what it is. # {NS: Radio} Things we decided we want to get rid of make it as far as that room and then it's another six months before they get out the rest of the way. Interviewer: You got a lot of space for a house in Key West. 289: Mm-hmm. Well we had a long back yard- I mean a nice sized back yard. Interviewer: Oh. {D: Well you got that-} 289: See our property isn't- is so wide, but it's so long because our property goes from Flemming street, To Cur- Curry's lane. So it extends all the way back. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: Okay Uh, you ever hear um. Anybody call lockers anything else? 289: Closets. Interviewer: And uh, yeah. Did uh, um, now what kind of- what kind of things would you find uh- what kind of things do you have in this room? 289: Okay, there's uh- uh- Three piece, bamboo couch thing you put together, you know make it like a, small couch. My- I have a piano that's up against this wall here, and there's a mural with fruit over it. In the front room there are two, big, bamboo chairs. There's an aquarium with guppies in it, in the left corner. There's a TV set underneath the bar and there's two chairs up against- we have a big mural. You know that old, mural, up against the wall, opposite- you know- the opposite- the other wall. Okay that's it {X} and we had two rugs on the floor. Interviewer: Now the uh, couch, did you- now if it wasn't uh- 289: If it wasn't put together it'd be three separate chairs. Interviewer: Alright but it- alright. What do you call one that's just all one piece, would you still call it uh- 289: Couch. Interviewer: Okay you remember- {D: can you} call it anything else? 289: What is it Divan- Dev- Divan sofas? Interviewer: Okay. #1 Alright now uh- # 289: #2 Sectionals? # Interviewer: Yeah. That's what, now- you said it's bamboo is that uh. I think it's- 289: It's bamboo Interviewer: Yeah Is there a name for that type? 289: I can' think of it, not that we call it- we just call it bamboo because it's made from bamboo. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. Yeah, it's kind of a, tropical. 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Look- yeah I think- yeah my folks had some of that. We called it um, uh, Rotan 289: Oh yeah. {X} If you want to be ritsy-titsy you know other people will call it Rotan furniture, but if you go in Florida- in Southern Florida and say you want some bamboo furniture they know what you're talking about. Interviewer: Okay, well see this was way up um, mid-state and uh, I guess- it wasn't that common up there. 289: Well they- they have different words I mean- About as far as I go to mid-state is to Tampa and I haven't been to Tampa since nineteen seventy. Interviewer: Oh. {NS: Radio} 289: I don't particularly care for Tampa too much I mean I have relatives up there and we're friends and, when they come here they stay with us, when we go there we stay with them. But- Interviewer: Is there very much of a connection between Key West and other Florida cities, I mean, you know like, you know what I mean like, because of the fleets or uh or anything do- you know, do you find a lot of people from other cities here uh, predominantly, or do people from here end up in other cities a lot? 289: I think, if they're native Key Westers, They say they may go away from the rock for a little while, but they'll always come back to the rock. {X} But um. {NS: Radio} About the only ones who go away and stay away are the ones who marry servicemen. And more or less they've- they've got less chance of coming back, but you'll see them back here on vacations a lot. And you'd be surprised the number of officers, that after they get finished with Their Navy, the Army, whatever, come back here to retire. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: Because we have a Colonel- I forgot- I think I don't know what branch of service he was in, and my father did- worked for his remodeling his house and everything, and he's retired here. Interviewer: What was his name? 289: {D: Bernett}, Colonel {D: Bernett} And then Captain Eklan I don't know what- I think he was in the Navy- I think his son's in the Navy so I think maybe he was in the Navy too, and he's retired here and he's teaching the school, I don't know if he's still doing it. There's a lot of servicemen. What gets me is they come here, they hate Key West. Can't stand it, they can't wait to get away from it. And then, in later years they come back, and they'll retire here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: And when they- what gets me with the lot of them too is when they- when I used to work for the dry cleaners, they'd come in, you know, complain about they hate it and all like this, I say, "Well look, this is about the only place you can go- {D: Well let's put it this way} You're here, you can be with your husband. Whereas, if you went to some other fueling station somewhere else they w- you might not be able to go, So at least, while you here, find things about it that you like and enjoy it, because when you go somewhere else you might not be able to. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Because let's put it this way if you don't mind a little bit of cold water you can go swimming three hundred and sixty-five days a year. Interviewer: How cold's the water here then {D: about the worst} 289: It can get hot, and I know up into the eighties. Interviewer: It was- It was fairly- And I went out yesterday and I got a little burnt on my back {X} finally got out a little {D: Scuba diving} yesterday and uh Um. It was- I think it was about eighty-eight or something- very warm. #1 In towards shore, I had to get out {D: a little way} # 289: #2 Yeah, it gets cooler. # I mean- {D: Let's put it this way} When I was little I- when I was in my teens, I went- ah to one of the hotels and I was swimming. And for fifty cents, you could spend the whole day there and you could go swimming in the pool, or you could walk out to the back of the hotel and go swimming in the ocean. So I think I got enough of- swimming when I was in my teens because, I excite with ear infections, and I got Fungus in my ears, and the doctor said, "Well you might out grow it." I haven't outgrown it. So I can't really get any type of water in my ears. Interviewer: Mm. 289: So I really, don't enjoy the swimming that much anymore. Interviewer: I- didn't know you get fungus like that in salt water. 289: You can get- well you can get fungus from salt water- you can get fungus from anything. You can get it from taking a shower and using shampoo or soap, as far as I know of you can get it. Interviewer: Oh. 289: Because I know when I wash my hair- Interviewer: Oh it's just a matter of getting the water out of your ear {X}. 289: -water in your ear and then it- Because I know, when I wash my hair I have to be careful that I don't get the water in my ear. Or if I do, if I think I've gotten too much, then take some uh cotton, and a little bit of alcohol and drop it into your ears and that way it'll kill the uh, any bad bacteria that might have gotten in. Interviewer: {D: I was saying-} The reason why I said that was because uh, um, mid-state, there was a certain time of year where we couldn't go swimming because that was when there was a high fungus count in the water, or a bacteria count of a certain type, that was bad- er it caused a lot of ear infections. 289: No I don't know about that I know we have they call "Spring tide" and if you're an old conch you don't go swimming in what they call "spring tide," because I did it one time when I was little, and we'd wind up with big uh, blotches all over our skin like lumps. #1 And um # Interviewer: #2 from what? {X} # 289: From the water, salt water. Interviewer: #1 Oh it's just the water? # 289: #2 It's a seaweed, I guess, and the irritation and the being in close, and it- not being able to get out # Interviewer: It wasn't like Jelly fish or anything? 289: No it wasn't Jellyfish. And uh, the doctor told my mother just uh- my brother and I both had it. So she propped us both up in the bed and kept a fan blowing on us and put calamine lotion on us, and then if we go too itchy, we took a cold bath. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: But we don't go swimming during the spring tide. Interviewer: {X} No native would here. Or anyone that knew about it. {NW: Laugh} 289: Not- this- Not anyone knows about it- no one in my family would. Interviewer: Yeah. I don't know if I asked this or not- uh- when was this house built? {NS: Radio} Or how old is it, do you know? 289: I would say- let's put it this way- My grandmother would have been eighty- in her eighties if she had lived, and the house was built before her, So I would put it, I guess, least around ninety years or more. Ninety- A little over ninety I guess. Interviewer: Okay, I'll put ninety plus. {NS: Radio} Would you call that a "Conch House?" 289: Yes. It was a Conch House. Interviewer: And it was because of the four by fours and the- and the- 289: Well, a lot of the wood came from the Baham- from there so the Bahamas, and they used uh, mahogany wood, and that's the last thing the termites are going to get into. Interviewer: Was- now was the mahogany- from here? 289: It came in. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 289: #2 I think, that's the way I always heard they- # See, a lot of houses was built in the Bahamas, and they were brought over by ships in- in sections Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: You know, they was all cut out, Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 289: #2 So that when you got here, all you had to do was put it down and start, putting it together. # There's a house I think on- right down here on William's street on the corner, it's a big white house, that one was done that way. It was made in sections and then brought here. Now I don't know about ours. {NS: Shuffling, Radio} Interviewer: Okay, the reason- well the reason why I ask that is because uh- uh- I don't know if it's one of the people interviewed from the interview- or the- the uh survey or not, or whether it's someone else I can't remember right now, it might have been uh, uh, {D:Mrs. Bruce} Mrs. Bruce that um- uh- said that uh- originally there was a lot of- uh hardwood trees here, and that some of them might have been mahogany. #1 You know because there's a lot of {D: Honduras palm}, yeah. # 289: #2 Yeah. # Well I know- I know, in our house, there's a lot uh- in the old section there's a lot of mahogany. Interviewer: So you got mahogany {D: pieces}? 289: So there's- that's why- When we went to cut out the section of the old house to go into the porch, or the Florida room, there my father would use electric saw and would be spitting out fire and that wood is- was as hard as a rock to try to cut through. {NS: Radio} Well, because that's why- Interviewer: I'd like to find someone that's uh, doing some remodeling {D: and might} throw away a piece of mahogany. {NW: Laugh} 289: Yeah that's- that's good why because I know when was doing ours and that's been- {NS: Radio} In the sixties, I say when we did ours, it was spitting out fire. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: Trying to cut it and my father- some places my father worked over an hour, using electric saws to try to cut it. And what gets to me is you know, in those days, I guess they figured well four-by-four is just as good as a two-by-four, but nowadays they try to, two-by-four is cheaper, than the four-by-four. Interviewer: #1 Now those things were built with like big, huge frames, where like a box frame and then they filled in between them? # 289: #2 Yeah. # Ours was- from what I could see of where we ripped it open, you know it had the big beams going up in the end, but it had a lot of beams coming down this way, In like an angle, and then, knocked in. #1 Because- # Interviewer: #2 And they were all four-by-fours? # {NW} 289: The ones that I've seen where we've cut out are four-by-fours. Interviewer: Hmm. {NW} were there any bigger ones like on the corners? {NS: Radio} 289: Well see haven't cut into the corners of our house, you know, to cut out. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: The only place where we cut out was, we cut out a section going into the- porch. We cut out the section going from the kitchen into the front room because our kitchen used to be a bed room. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: And then we cut out a section in here. you know, because that used the be a petition, or you know, just a doorway in that one space. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: And that's it- I mean uh. {NS: Radio} My- thought my father cut- this used to be a window I think. My father cut that in the door, because these two rooms were added on. Now when I was little, my father- this side over here, the back bedroom, used to be the kitchen. And the other side he made into a bedroom for me. But he made it and I didn't like it because he didn't do it the way I wanted it. Interviewer: Mm. 289: So I didn't uh, sleep there, I went to sleep upstairs with my grandmother. Interviewer: Oh, {X} 289: You know, and he promised me- this was use to just be a big open room, he promised me that if I did go upstairs and sleep upstairs, he would fix the upstairs. Okay. The back got to the point when I got mad because he- he always did work for other people so he didn't want to come home and do carpenter work for ours so Mama got mad at him one time and busted out the windows to make him do the work that much faster, you know? Interviewer: Oh. 289: So we finally moved, the kitchen into the other room, where's a kitchen now And in this back- mind this was added on, this would have gotten so rotten and decayed, that it was cheaper to knock it all off, and rebuild it. {NS: Radio} So this section here has been added on twice to this main section of the house whereas this section, not too much has ever been done to it. Interviewer: #1 The mahogany stays there forever. # 289: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: {NS: Radio} Wow The uh Yeah, I didn't know they were made out of mahogany that's- What kind of a- um- you know, what- Does your- the outside of the house, does it have that kind of- #1 Overlay- what do they call it, you know? # 289: #2 Overlay wood, yeah. # I don't know, wa- um. Wall board? No not wall board. {NS: Tapping} I can't think of the name. Because I know the back bedroom now is done um- not overlaid wood. {NS} What in the heck you call it? {NS: Radio} #1 I can't think of it. # Interviewer: #2 Is that what they originally used? # 289: Yeah. #1 The overlay, you know? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 289: Like that- now the back section where we added on uh- it's got like, plywood like thick plywood with the grooves like you would see like in wall paneling. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: That's- can put them to the back now. You have that in the back section. Weather boarding. Interviewer: Oh okay. 289: I knew I thought of it long enough. Interviewer: #1 Oh what- thats what- that's what- that was the traditional- # 289: #2 That's what they call it the weather- that's what we call it, "weather boarding." # Interviewer: Okay, and um- Better make sure I mark the doors and the windows. 289: Okay the back bedroom has two- big long windows, each windows uh- Interviewer: Like here? 289: Mm-hmm. It's seven feet long. Okay and on this side we have a whole lock up, the whole length of it Interviewer: On that side? 289: Mm-hmm. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. Do most the people around here um- call these lockers, or? 289: Lockers, Closets. Interviewer: Like if you were in somebody else's house you'd expect them to say "locker?" 289: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Okay- # 289: #2 Or a closet. # Interviewer: #1 What- # 289: #2 Because I call mine- # I call mine a walk-in closet. Interviewer: Can you have uh, um. Like if it's- if it's like a uh- a thing down {D: Hill/Here} with a- with a lid, like under a window like a window seat. 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Would you call that a locker too? {NS: Radio} 289: Well if I put things in there to store it, I call it a locker. Interviewer: Like a f- um- 289: I don't think they have window seats in Key West. Interviewer: Oh. 289: At least in none of the houses I've been in. Now in the movies you see them, you know. So. That's what they call them in the movie, "window seat." Interviewer: I just wonder if they might call them "foot locker" or something. 289: #1 No, to us a foot locker # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 289: is what you put at the end of your bed. Interviewer: Okay, cuz it could- it could just be a- something that you pick up and walk around with, you mean? 289: Well to me a foot locker is something like a- like a big metal suitcase, you know, like- I think they call them uh, "wardrobes." You know, when you, pack- it stands up quite big, and it has the shelves and it have the drawers and you hang your suits over for traveling like overseas, something like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: To me- or a foot locker is the guys that um, Navy, you know they pack their clothes in it. Interviewer: right 289: And they have that duffel bags in the foot- lockers. Interviewer: Okay. I was just wondering about the term locker cuz it seems that- #1 go with the {D: Seed}. # 289: #2 No- well I call mine upstairs a "walk-in closet" because you have to walk into it. # {NS: Radio} The others you just, reach in, and get Interviewer: Okay. The uh- okay, we- now we talked about the things- and uh- oh what do you call all the things together that are in this room? 289: Just the living room. Interviewer: #1 I mean all- # 289: #2 I mean the din- yeah the living room. # Everything is just the living room. Interviewer: Okay. And uh- what are all the things like the you said the- the section on the T.V. and the- #1 The chairs and all- # 289: #2 The furniture? # Interviewer: Okay. And what would you expect to f- what kind of furniture would you expect to find in here? 289: Okay, along this wall like this and across this way it's ca- it's uh, it's all in cabinets. it's uh- over this window here, underneath this window rather, there's a double, {NS: Moving} -sink, kitchen sink. Then right over is the electric stove. Then right over here we have the table. Over here in this corner is our refrigerator, Icebox. Okay, over here we have one of those metal lockers, you know, for plates and things because, believe it or not with all that locker space we still wouldn't have enough room And up against the wall here we have a long dresser. Interviewer: A dresser? Did you ever uh- {X} The- Then on that dresser is that the type of thing you'd find in a bedroom? 289: #1 Bedroom, yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah. 289: We just didn't have any room to put it in the bedroom so it's there. Interviewer: Okay. So what kind of furniture would you find in here then? 289: {NW: Laugh} {NW: Laugh} In our back bedroom, there is a queen size bed and a double bed. There is my color T.V. set that I brought from downstairs. And there. And there's big rack about six feet tall and uh- has spaces on each side of it that you would you buy- find at a news stand where they sell pocket books, you know? Novels? My mother's got one of those at home because she reads a book every night. So she's got one of those there. Okay next to my side of the bed there's a little- table. And on her side there's a little table. Then we have two boxes, and they're Pamper boxes, Pampers came into them. They have my nephew's toys in them, in the bedroom. Because it's so hot, you know, the only rooms that have an air conditioner in it is the back bedroom and the two bedrooms upstairs. Okay, because the condition of the house next door and the city is sitting on their tail-ends, not doing, too much about it, We can't really stay in the other part of our house because one, the odors that come, in, from that house next door was- it's been condemned. Interviewer: Oh. 289: It smells like, you wouldn't want to believe it and I won't say it for that tape either, and also we- never keep the house closed up. So when we come home we just go in the back bedroom, turn on the T.V. and the air- the air conditioner. Interviewer: Okay. Uh and then you said you had a dresser, uh- Did you ever- uh- See any furniture that like, you know like that would- it would be like uh- it would be like a- it have- it'd have drawers like a dresser or maybe it'd have a locker on one side of it attached? 289: {X} I've seen but- it's- Cupboards. Interviewer: Cupboards? 289: {X} Thinking of my Grand- my um- when I was little we had one, a cupboard. Interviewer: #1 And the- # 289: #2 Upstairs, we didn't have any closets upstairs you know, # It's just open, you know, the bed up there. And we had, um, one that had two drawers, the regular way, crosswise and then one little locker door that open up on the bottom, and- it was a wash down really what it was because it had big glass, on top of it. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: And my grandmother used to have- you remember any of those old Felix cats? A s- one? She had one of those. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: But I don't know where it's at now. Interviewer: And uh- what the porcelain uh? 289: I don't know if it was porcelain or made out of wood or what it was, but I remember it was Felix, you know, sitting up there. But I don't know what ever became of it. Someone's got it. And she had uh- Her closet, you know one of those kinds you can move around, and it opened up with the two drawers. Interviewer: Yeah, did- did uh. Now- did- what would you call that closet, that movable closet? 289: I don't know what you'd call that thing. To me it was a closet. Interviewer: Okay. 289: Because I remember she broke her leg one time, her knee cap, and she- you know, when they took the- cast off they gave it to her, of all things the doctor to give you they give you the cast. and she put it on top of it. And she used to keep a metal can on top of it. but it was locked up so I didn't know what was in it, but we still got the metal can, that's how old the thing is. She had one of those up there. And we used to have some um, rod iron beds. Interviewer: Rod iron? Does- would they hold up pretty good with the {D: salt here} and everything? 289: Yeah. Because I had one until I was about, twelve- years old. I had one. Then finally you know, we said, "To heck with this old junk," and got rid of it, you know, And then all of the- tourists come down here and buy it up like you wouldn't believe it. Because what we'd do is um, with us, every year around September, October, we start paint the house up getting ready for Christmas. So when we paint the bedroom we just take the bed apart and slap on a- new coat of white paint on the, bed. Interviewer: Oh. 289: You know use- When I was a kid I used to chew the paint off of that bed. Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} 289: It used to taste good too. Interviewer: Oh yeah? Was this that uh teething, you mean? 289: No I must around ten or eleven years old and it just- it had a funny taste to it but it tasted good and I did it. Interviewer: Huh. 289: I stopped doing it but I did it. Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} Okay. Um. Alright do you have any kind of furniture that'd be different in any of the other rooms? I mean in the other bedrooms? #1 Besides for like, a dresser or? # 289: #2 My bedroom- okay- # No, because- while my bedroom is compact. In the corner- catty-corner I have my bed. {NS: Radio} Interviewer: I'm just going to keep an eye on this if that's okay. 289: With one night stand, next to it. Okay right across from it, is my stereo set. Next to it is a nine drawer- dresser. Then it's the window, the air conditioner is in the window, underneath the window there's two big stacks, you know racks, of L-P's. Okay there's the closet. Then I had a rack with paperback novels in it, then I had my color T.V. set that I bought for my birthday. Then I had the Chester doors, and then there was a door- There's not a room extra in my room for anything else Because I figure that's the only way, you know- When you, you get in your twenties and thirties and you're living at home, that's the only place where you can go upstairs, close the door, lock it, and really have privacy. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: And I can turn on my air conditioner, listen to my stereo as loud as I want to, or turn on my television set. Interviewer: Now they were telling the other day that uh. Uh. The- well, before going to that I'll ask you this. What kind of uh- what kind of uh, cooking utensils do you have in the kitchen, or that you're used to having? What you can think of- the older things. Or even now, you know. 289: About the only things we have left over from- my grandmother's time is, {NS: Moving} we got about two or three, rod iron frying pans. They're the heaviest son-of-a-guns, but they're the best things for frying food in, you know if you got to fry chicken or something like that. Because you don't have to worry, they're not going to slip to easily. And we've got- you wouldn't believe it. It's- We call it a meat pounder. But it's round on the bottom and shapes up with a handle like a hammer, but it's not you know, Done down it's just one straight thing up. And we've got that and that poor thing. I bet you they had to test that {D: what is it/wood is} about sixty years old or more. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: Because we've used it sometimes when my father would- wouldn't leave a regular hammer at home you know one of his carpenter's hammer, we'd take that thing and take a nail and bat it into the wall to hang a picture so it's got the dent marks in it from hammering. But we keep that it's a meat- we call it a "meat pounder." And then we have a rolling pin. But everybody has those. Interviewer: How about something you might have uh- did you have a little- something that you heat water in, for tea or something like that? 289: A kettle? Yeah we used to have one of those because before we had a hot water heater, we'd take the kettle, and fill it with water, and heat it, and then we'd take a big bucket, you know a tall bucket, and we'd put that on top of the stove and heat it, so when in the winter time take a hot bath. Interviewer: What about uh um- Uh something that you might put flowers- cut flowers. 289: A vase? Interviewer: Yeah what'd you have- have any of those around? 289: We have some but they're not- Oh we have a- We have a old lantern And it's one of those kind {D: A woman was after} after me to sell it to her but I won't do it. It's you know like a rod iron, I- on the bottom and then it's real bubbled up, and it's a pretty pink glass with flowers in it. Then it has a metal thing under it- When I used to have some more money when I used to have it, and then- And it would be the regular thing that you would fill with kerosene, you know, and sit into it. But the top section of it, that broke, but that thing I bet you is- {NS: Radio} It's just about- that's just about sixty years old or more. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: We used to have an old fashion, wicker, rocking chair. And- I spent one month painting that thing with white enamel paint you know- {X} Interviewer: {X} It's uh- There's nothing- I'm sure they're not going to do anything. I trust them. {NW: Laugh} I wouldn't be working for them. {X} 289: When about 1980, when this comes out, I'll forget what I've said. {NW: Laugh} Interviewer: Well I think the first time, you know, when they uh get it finish they'll probably come out in uh, micro card the first one because that's the quickest way to get it out. And uh- Then maybe later they'll publish it in a b- in a book, you micro- you know- because there's so much of it. 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Well you know, they got- they got a whole wall full of- transcriptions now. Almost in- a library. But um- narrow that all down in a micro card, it'll be out. {NW: Breathing} Okay, uh- okay now, where was I, let's see. Yeah utensils. What do you eat with? 289: Fork, knife, spoon. Interviewer: Okay. And um- The uh- What uh- did uh- Did you ever know- the water supply here, was there ever a well out? 289: Well we had a, cistern. And it went dry so the county, said you know anybody wanted their old cisterns knocked in you know, they'd do it, and fill it up for you free. So uh- Ours was knocked in. Now we did, when my sister was little we had a guy come and he, dug a hole about- I don't know about, six inches across or something like that? And he put a metal pipe down. He went down about twenty feet and we got water that way. That's because we went and bought a pool that'd hold twenty-two gallons- twenty-two hundred gallons of water, you know when she was little. And all- and uh- We've got a- well now that's been covered over. Since I was a little girl with cement. And then soon as we can afford it, we're going to take and get a man to come up, open it up, clean all the veins out, and fix the pump, for the water that way. Because that water- most that water around here it's good, you could at least- you could connect it up to your um- your washing machine, your washer. You could connect it up to your bathroom, into the kitchen so that really, the only water you could use from the- you only have to use from the city is uh- for your drinking if you want to and lot of the well water is in a bad condition than what the city water is. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: You know. {X} {X} cuz they come- they come around and test it for you, you know. But I tell you too because the only water that we drink now in our house at home, is we have an ice maker and that thing makes the ice. So we're all- we're forever either drinking soda or juice or, tea. Something like that. Interviewer: The um- well I was just wondering um- did you have a well when you were a little girl? 289: We had it- but I don't remember us using it. Interviewer: You know how they used to get water out of it? How they used to- 289: A pump. Interviewer: Oh they had a pump? A hand pump? 289: Yeah, because when our cemetery lot, we have a uh- old fashioned pump. That all we had to do, right now- Our plot in the cemetery has water in it, what we have to do is go and get someone to re-drill the hole, you know, and put a pump on that works and we would have a water flow there- the cemetery. But that cemetery, very few areas of that grows anything. Have to be satisfied with the sand. Interviewer: Mm, yeah. 289: And weeds will grow up, that's about it. Interviewer: Well did- well now is there- Is anybody out in Key West ever try to have a uh- um- to grow anything like, you know, to eat? You know- 289: We did my mother- uh- did uh um- Now in the olden days they did it, they grew things, because um- {NS: Pages turning} Oh I don't know what they grew, but I mean they grew things. Like this guy on this next block, this guy has corn growing. Interviewer: oh yeah 289: And he's got papayas, growing. And a lot of people in the olden days had banana trees. we have a ri- you know, we call them um- What do they call them? "Cuban bananas." And uh, there's another name for them too but I can't think of- They're shorter than the banana that you know- Chaquita banana, they're shorter than that. And half the time excuse me they're a little bit- maybe a little bit fatter. But I can't think of the other name for them, we call them "Cuban bananas." {NS: Pages turning} Interviewer: The uh- you said he's growing corn, do you know what kind of corn he's growing? 289: I have no idea I just know that corn stalks out in the back. Interviewer: Okay, and uh- um- Do you um- Now, did you say you used to- what do you call a place where you grow- something like that? 289: Farm. Interviewer: Okay, what about if it's just behind your house? 289: A patch? Uh. Interviewer: Okay How about now {X}, like um. On a large- You said like um- on a patch, is- now a patch is- 289: It's a small little thing maybe just one- To us, we've grow- we have a um- {X} My mother made a lot of that- she dug a big deep hole and made a lot of mulch, you know? Threw in leaves from our Sapadillo tree. And um. Grass cuttings, and she threw in- peat moss and fertilizer. And she left that there for about a month and we plant- When we do plant something, we plant uh- um- tomatoes in it. She got some big tomatoes out of that one little area. Interviewer: Did you uh- now that those- those the big rounds ones? 289: Well some- Some of them are small then some of them get- you know, a nice size. Interviewer: You ever try to grow those real itty-bitty ones? 289: No. Interviewer: Do you know what they call those? 289: Pink- Pink- Pink tomatoes? {NS: Radio} Interviewer: #1 You know what I'm talking about, those {X}. # 289: #2 Yeah the little- # Thingy things that they put in salads sometimes for you. Ch- Cherry- Don't they call them "Cherry tomatoes?" Interviewer: Yeah, something like that. Um. What other kind of um- um- Well I- now- when you have- when you have a little patch in the back yard do you ever call it anything else? 289: No, some people call it a "back yard garden." Interviewer: Okay. The uh. {NS: Papers turning} Um. {NS: Papers turning} How about uh- well was there- what else did you need- yeah you have potatoes {C: I think he meant tomatoes}, did you grow anything else? 289: Uh, we've had an avocado tree. We've had a sugar apple tree. We've had banan- banana trees. And we've had sapodilla tree. My grandmother used to have a soursop- tree. That's a tropical fruit tree. Interviewer: Well did you- what kind of fruit was that? 289: Soursop? It's um. Most people here always just use it to make it into ice cream, Soursop ice cream. It looks- It's like a big avocado maybe with two big extra lumps on the side half the time. It's green. And it has- it looks like it has thorns on it, but it really- you know they're not sharp or anything. And- it can- it's a sour taste. If you just, you know, peel it- the skin off and it eat it that way and it has seeds in it If you know what a sugar apple tree is, the sections of the soursop, inside, is almost like a um- {NS: Radio} Sugar apple. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh um. Any kind of nuts grow down here? That you know of? 289: No. Not as I know of, that we've grown, that I know. Interviewer: Okay, what kind of nuts can you name? 289: Walnuts. We call acorns- nuts? Interviewer: Yeah, what else? 289: Pecans. {NS: Radio} #1 That's about the only things we ever eat. Walnuts and pecans # Interviewer: #2 What about those ones that come in candy bars? # 289: Peanuts Interviewer: Okay, and uh- How about um, the big ones. Uh the ones they put in candy bars too the bigger ones um- 289: Almonds? Interviewer: Okay. Um. The uh- now how about uh. Now these are some items here. What about a um- Along with meat you might have a baked what? 289: Potato. Interviewer: Okay, and uh have you ever heard those called anything else down here? That people down here call them? {NS} 289: Cubans have something they- I think they- I don't know what they call it though. Something- Yucca? That looks like a potato I think. {NS: Radio} I see them in Cuban- the Cuban restaurants they been white, I mean they're white. And they're shaped like a potato and they eat them but I've never tried them. But to me a potato is a potato. Interviewer: What about the potato that has the yellow meat? 289: Sweet potato? Interviewer: Okay, you ever call those anything else? 289: Some people call them "Yams," but we call them sweet potatoes. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh- um- the things that when you peel them it makes you cry? 289: Onions. Interviewer: Okay. How about- Did you ever try growing those around here? 289: No. Interviewer: {X} 289: At the rate th- they're going up, I think last week we bought a three-pound- bag of onions, a dollar- nineteen cents? I think we better start trying to grow them. Interviewer: Do you know now the- Usually you buy them in a bag the bulbs- in the big ones, you know, or do you buy the bunches? 289: You mean the onions? Interviewer: Yeah. 289: We just buy them, you know the individual, the tops cut off of them, the green sections off of them. Interviewer: Yeah. Do- now- do you have a different name for them, like when they're not uh- when they're not- when they don't get the- the big bulbs- when they're just, you know, the- 289: Green onions. Interviewer: Okay the- 289: Oh and don't the other people call them "Scallions?" {D: You know?} Interviewer: Well whatever you call {D: them/onions}. 289: Well I call them "green onions," and I don't even eat them so I don't buy them. Interviewer: Uh- Um. What uh- what are some vegetables that you might use. {X} They ever have any kind of soups or stews that uh- or what do you call a- now what do you call a- 289: Steam meat? Stew meat? It's all kind of like- Okay, if we take- beef r- barbecue ribs, you know, and we'll cook it down with the potatoes and- uh, cabbage, and we make dough, sometimes we put plantains, we call it "Stewed Ribs." But sometimes if we just take the meat, or chicken, then we say "steamed meat" or "steamed chicken." {NS: Radio} So it's all according to what it is that we're cooking. At least what I'm cooking anyway. Interviewer: Alright, um. Now- okay, now you said cabbage, um. Um. You might say uh- filling out this blank, I might give you a blank {X} talking about cabbage, now I like these. 289: Cabbages? Interviewer: Okay. How about uh- uh- Do they ever have any type of gumbo around here? From up {D: North}? 289: Ah. {D: They call it/carve a chicken?} I know people make them but you know, see them in the grocery store the chicken gumbo. Uh. What is it um. {NS: Radio} New Orleans has a lot of that gumbo. Interviewer: Do you know what kind of vegetable they use in that? 289: Okra, I think. That round, has like- little bead things in it- okra. Interviewer: And uh. How about uh- you know like, when you buy beans uh, and you want to get them out of the pot. What do you have to do to them? 289: Up people up north they shell them, but we don't do them here. Interviewer: Oh you don't? 289: No. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh, um. What do you call the large, flat, yellowish beans, uh. 289: Lima beans? Interviewer: Yeah, do you ever call them anything else? 289: No, a lima bean's a lima bean. Interviewer: Okay, how about uh um. Are ye- are these yellow beans ever called "butter beans?" 289: Yes, when they- when we buy them in the jars already prepared. Interviewer: {X} {X} 289: You can buy them already fixed up you know, just to eat. See like we'll have a bean soup which is lima beans. Sometimes they call it "bean soup," sometimes they call it "lima bean soup." And you get the lima beans, you cook it down with some tomato sauce and pieces of ham and uh, onions in it. Like- some people call it "bean soup," other people call it "lima bean." Interviewer: And then the other type is uh. When you get them already made? 289: Butter bean. Interviewer: Yeah, the ones already made. 289: Butter beans. Interviewer: Hmm. Okay, how about the- the kind that- what would you call the kind of beans that you would eat, with the pod and everything, you just eat- 289: String beans, the little uh, Pole beans. In Key West we call- I call them- my family calls them "string beans." Interviewer: And um. You- say you take uh- I don't know if anyone does this here, you might say you take the tops of turnips, uh. You know the green parts of turnips and you have what? You have a mess of what? 289: Collard greens. We don't eat them. I mean I- I just- I know some of it from reading books, because we've got a- bunch of Time Life series books here on food. And I go through it, you know. Different countries. And then I've seen the ones from the United States, you know. North East cooking and- was it smelt- "smelt pot cooking?" "Smelting pot cooking?" But I mean, turnips we don't eat. Interviewer: The- the top parts you don't eat either? 289: We don't even eat the other part. Interviewer: #1 Oh the bottom {NW: Laugh} # 289: #2 {NW: Laugh} # I- we'll eat- we'll eat pickled beats. But the others we don't. Not in my family anyway. Interviewer: Okay. Alright, how about the green stuff you might put in salads? 289: Lettuce? Interviewer: Yeah. Do you use that? #1 did I get that? # 289: #2 yeah # Lettuce is lettuce. Interviewer: And how does it come? 289: We buy uh, iceberg lettuce in the- packages from- Grocery. Interviewer: And you'd see- 289: Sometimes it comes from Arizona. New Mexico- Interviewer: #1 But the- the thing that, you know you call it- if you got two of- # 289: #2 A head of lettuce. # Interviewer: Alright you had two, yeah. You might say you had two- 289: Heads. Interviewer: {NS}{C: Reel makes weird noise here} And- {X} would people around here like, if you had uh uh- two boys and three girls, would they ever refer to them as uh- Five- uh. {X} 289: Five- may call them five "hellions" Five- five kids, that's it. Interviewer: Okay, you ever heard of it like "five head of children" or something like- "five heads" 289: No. Sometimes, they would say um, "five heads a kid," "five heads." We might feeding, you know we got- we got- we got about food for seven heads. In our house, you know? But we don't. Interviewer: Okay, how about uh um. If a person has say, oh, twelve kids, and- you'd say they got a whole- 289: Flock. Interviewer: Flock? Okay, any other words they might use for that around here? {NS: Door} 289: Flock of kids. Interviewer: Would you ever say something like "pack?" {X} 289: Pack, yeah. Sometimes that if they got nine- what is it a baseball team, football team, basketball team? "We got enough for a basketball team," something like that? Interviewer: Okay, um, uh, have you ever- have you ever used the word "passel" here? Like "a whole passel of kids?" 289: I've heard it but I don't- think I ever used it. Interviewer: I mean, around the people that you know, that lived here. 289: No, not that I've heard. Interviewer: Okay, uh. How would you use that word, "passel?" 289: I tell you the truth I don't think I even use it. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Alright. Uh, now we're talking about this guy that was growing corn now. The uh, um- street? Make sure I check off the ones I got so I don't go back over them. The uh- what do you call the uh- um- um- like on the top of cornstalks, you know the- 289: Heads of cor- heads of corn? The stalks, no the- Interviewer: No the {X}- yeah you ever seen a- {X} has he had corn grow- you've seen corn grow here before, haven't you? 289: Not in key West I don't think. #1 I saw- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 289: in California, my girlfriend, {D: she works for Shell} Biological Research Center. And they plant out experimental crops. Interviewer: Oh. 289: And we went out there one time, slushing through stuff, picking corn. And I've seen up around Pensacola Area where they had that red disease or whatever it is they had a few years back. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: When it destroyed all the corn. I've seen that. {NS} #1 I know what you mean though the blossoms or the blooms it might have. # Interviewer: #2 Thing on the top that- that uh. # You know. Alright when you graduate from high school you wear this thing on your head. 289: The tassel. Interviewer: Okay. 289: {D: But they don't call it that.} Interviewer: And uh. How about uh- when you uh. Take the green part off of uh- 289: The stalk? Oh no. Interviewer: No when you- that you say you go out and- 289: Shuck corn? Interviewer: Okay. And so you call those the- the what? 289: Just, "the heads of corn," you "shuck the corn." Interviewer: Okay. How about um. The stringy stuff that's right next to the uh- kernels 289: What's it a husk? Interviewer: No, you know the stuff that you gotta pull, it's real- it's white, and it's inside- it's inside the shucks. 289: I mean we call it a {X}- I just- get the corn on the cob and peel off the stuff I don't need and- put it in a pot. Interviewer: #1 Okay, but you know what I'm talking about that stringy white stuff. # 289: #2 Yeah that stringy white- stuff. # Interviewer: And you never call that anything? 289: Never. Interviewer: "Silk" or anything? 289: Yes, I've heard people use "Silk." -Call it silk. Interviewer: {NS: Pages turning} Um. Alright how about a large round fruit that uh, that you make out a round- pie of out of around, Thanksgiving. {X} 289: Pumpkin. Interviewer: And, and uh, uh. How about uh, what kind of melons? 289: Watermelons, cantaloupes, rock melons, honey dews. {NS} Those are the only ones I can think of. Interviewer: Okay now do you know of any different varieties of water melons that uh people prefer down here that you can try to get? 289: Some- there's one they call- I think it's "Alligator skin." {NS: Radio} I just know that, some of them's long, you know, and light green. Then you get the kind that's brown. Then you got this kind that's dark green with the stripes, in it. Interviewer: What are those other little bitty ones, you ever seen them? 289: Yeah I've seen the little ones but I don't know what you call them. Interviewer: Um. 289: They just didn't grow. Interviewer: Uh. Let's see, what do you call the uh little things that spring up in the damp places and dark places in the woods? 289: Mushrooms? Interviewer: Okay. And, do you ever have any of those growing around here? 289: I've seen them grow around because we've had some in our back yard. All I do is just smash them to pieces and throw them away. Interviewer: Does uh uh uh. Did your folks ever call them anything else? They say, "don't eat those-" The ones that you don't eat you call what? {NS:} 289: I've heard- I've said something about them but I don't Even We very seldom ever have them. I know you call them "mushroom caps?" No, "toadstools." Interviewer: Okay, and that's- that's ones. Okay. How about um. The uh- oh there's another type of vegetable, {NW: Cough} The kind that uh, is yellow, uh, is crookneck. 289: Squash. Interviewer: Okay. Did- did they ever get any down here that's white, and kind of flat? You know round? 289: I think I've seen it once or twice but I think they mainly just get the yellow squash. Interviewer: #1 That's the main one that people get. # 289: #2 Yeah. # That's good. Interviewer: Yeah. The uh. Is that a favorite uh- 289: That's uh- let's put it this way- when I was growing up, there weren't too many vegetables that my mother prepared for us. I'll eat squash, I'll have peas, corn, and string beans. But as for any other kind of vegetable, no. Sometimes when I go to like, uh the Polynesian restaurant, you know they might a vegetable- I might try it, like I've tried um- I don't even know if you want to call them vegetables. Brussel sprouts and the bamboo shoots and water chestnuts, um. They have uh, what they call the "Heart of the Palm," they take out of the palm tree, put that in salads. But the only time I eat a salad is if I go to a restaurant. But I will not fix one at my house to have, I don't like it. Interviewer: Okay, um. How about uh. {NS: Page turning} 289: Salads are for company. {NW: Laugh} #1 That's when we make the salads. # Interviewer: #2 So like a formal? # 289: Well it's just that um. My mother will sit down and eat a tomato, those little- Uh. Teeny Tomatoes. I forgot the stupid name for them. But she'll eat them. My sister will eat them, my nephew will just take a bit and dip it in salt and eat it, nothing of it. But I won't, I mean I just- to me a salad is- You go out to a restaurant, you got to kill time before they bring your main course so you eat the salad. But when I- I'm {D: running off} diets so much that, when I think of the calories that's in a salad, to heck with the salad, I'd rather have the meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: {X} And salads don't have as m- You know, people think they don't have that many calories in it but when you count up calories they do. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay, how about uh. Checking this thing here, uh, if- if uh, if- if you leave an apple, okay on a window or something that it'll turn brown, then it'll- it'll- you know, do what? 289: {X} got the core. {NS} Interviewer: What do you call it when it kind of- 289: We never {D: eat it there, they dry up}, we just throw the thing away. Interviewer: Alright well you know like, when your in the water too long you know what happens to your hands? 289: It gets wrinkled, shrinks, you know you get wrinkle marks. Interviewer: Okay, well uh, do you ever say uh- a different way of saying it would be uh- 289: Shrivel up? Interviewer: Okay. Would you- well, would- would you ever used that word around here? How would you use that? 289: I don't- I don't think we even use it that much, not us. {NW: Pages turning} Interviewer: How about uh, the uh- what kind of citrus fruits do you have here? 289: Let's see, oranges, you got your grapefruit, got your limes, lemons. {NS: Radio} That's about it for citrus, orange, grapefruits, lemons, limes. Interviewer: Okay, if you had a bowl of uh, oranges on the table, uh, when you left in the morning and you expected to have them when you got back but someone beat you to it. You came in and there was nothing but a- 289: Empty bowl. Interviewer: And you'd say that the oranges are- 289: What, "vanished?" Interviewer: Yeah, would you say? You would say- 289: No just that someone, Interviewer: #1 {X}, {X}, okay # 289: #2 beat me to it which I wouldn't I mind because I don't care for oranges that much either. # Interviewer: Would you ever say like, you'd say, "Oh my gosh, the oranges are-" 289: Gone. Interviewer: Okay would you say- uh, the oranges are, anything else gone? 289: No, they just, empty bowl, gone, vanished. Interviewer: Okay. {NS: Pages turning} Um. {NS: Pages turning} Do you know {D: when} they grow- uh okay- What- what's the inside part of a cherry that you don't eat? 289: The- the seed or the pit. Interviewer: Okay. How about the inside part of a- a peach, that you don't eat. 289: The seed. Plug. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, and do you know what they call the kind of peach where the flesh is tight up against the uh, seed? Where, you know, when you- when you go to cut it and pull it apart and it sticks to the seed. {NS:} 289: Only thing I know is they call them- To me a peach is a peach, unless you want to call it, say it's a "Georgia Peach." Interviewer: Okay, then you know like, you don't make any distinction between the type that you can uh, cut and the seed will almost fall out you know. #1 You know what I'm saying, you've seen some that- Yeah. # 289: #2 Yeah you can just take your finger nails and lift it apart and out comes the thing, # and there's some you can't just get, but I don't know the difference. Interviewer: Okay. And uh. {NS} Do you uh, does anyone around here dry- you know, dry fruit? You know like cut it up and dry it for later? 289: Not that I know of. Interviewer: Like apples and, peaches and things like that. 289: No the only thing we might do is uh, take guavas. And we'll take and peel the skin off, and slice them in half, put them in a pot, and boil them with sugar. Sugar and water. And then uh. Sometimes I take and do the same way, and but they take all the seeds out of the guava, and make jelly- out of it. Or sometimes just freeze it, the guava shells. And of course you can make guava ice cream and guava dump- guava dumplings. And take the guavas with a heavy syrup you know from cooking and put a can- of cream in it with some sugar, that's delicious. Because we do that to with um, sometimes we do it with um. Well we take the sour sop and turn it into ice cream by the same way but we don't cook it you know, you don't have to cook it. Interviewer: You ever uh, did you ever hear anybody call it a "dry fruit snitz?" 289: No. Interviewer: You ever heard that word at all? {NS: Radio} Okay. Um. How about uh, and I got one other thing here about, we talking about salads- how about those little red things things they put in salads they slice- they're white inside and they got red skins. 289: White inside and red- Interviewer: They're about that big around. 289: Oh, um. What are they called. Ra- ra- radishes. Interviewer: Okay, and uh you ever- you ever- anybody try to grow them around here? Or is it {X}? 289: I don't think- some people more or less grew them because I know when I was a kid I saw all those packages of seeds, you know, but I don't know if they grew. You know what trouble is with All Conch houses, if you're living in an old Conch house now, they're about, I say two, three feet off the ground. Okay. It's always- rain gets in- gets underneath there and you can, if you're not careful, get some rats. And, or you get caterpillars. You know. And any fruit that grows underneath the ground, or vegetable underneath the ground, you'll lose it to the darn roaches, or rats, or caterpillars, or worms or something, so really, here you have a better bet of growing it if it's- above the ground. Interviewer: Hmm. How about um. So, {D: if it's below}- 289: See we grow tomatoes. Some people I've seen corn. Interviewer: How deep does the soil go here? Before you get to, you know like- 289: Not too deep because in the fr- in our front yard we've got things growing that- maybe only requires about seven or eight inches of s- of soil you know, or even less than that. {NS: Pages Turning} Now in the back yard- some areas in our back yard you can dig down maybe- oh, maybe a foot or two, you know of dirt. But it always seems like your best dirt is underneath your house. Interviewer: Yeah. I guess because of the- 289: The dampness in all of it's richer. Interviewer: How about uh, you know where they- where they grow um. Peaches they call that a what? 289: Grove. Interviewer: Okay how about apples, where they grow apples, they call that a grove? 289: Orchard. Interviewer: Okay. Um. The um. And you said syrup a while ago what kind of other syrups can you get, around here. 289: Syrups? Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 289: Well the only kind of syrups that I know that people go is they go to the grocery store and they get, you know, honey syrup, you know for your pancakes if you eat pancakes, or waffle syrup. That's about it. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, if you were talking about leather or something, you know, and you wanted to get- real leather, you would go in and you would say uh, you might ask the guy and you say uh, like a belt or something like that and you say, Um, um. Say uh. 289: Genuine leather? Pigskin? Or cowhide. Interviewer: Right. Okay. And- what would you find on a table in a kitchen to uh, season food with? 289: Salt, pepper. Interviewer: Okay. And uh, if a child were uh, talking about those oranges, uh {X} if they were on the table and they couldn't reach, uh, you might uh, how would you uh ask, or what would he say? 289: He wouldn't- more than likely the kid is not going to ask for they just climb up in the chair and get it. Get- sit up on top of the table and get it. Or reach for it. Interviewer: But what, you know if you were there and he thought he better ask, what might he say? 289: {NS} Well my nephew generally says, "would you give me?" {NS} You know- I- "I want-" Bottle of milk, or I want- an orange. But then I'll say what, and then I try to teach to him that if he says, "please," he's going to get it. A little bit quicker. He- generally says, "I want it." Or, "I want an orange," "I want an apple." {NS} Interviewer: Okay, um. The um. {NS} How about um. Already got that. {NS} How about uh, those white things they serve with eggs in the breakfast, and it's a southern food, you know? 289: Grits. Interviewer: yeah, you ever eat a lot of those here? 289: {NS} Yes, they eat them. Interviewer: They ever call them anything else? 289: No, grits, grits is grits. I think some people might call it "Hominy," from up north. Interviewer: Further. But then around here. 289: But it's grits. Interviewer: Are they white, what color is it? 289: White. Interviewer: Do they ever have it yellow? 289: Yeah you can buy, I think- but I don't know if they call it grits, I know you can buy it in yellow pa- isn't it corn meal? Hominy grits, isn't hominy yellow, and grits white. {D: Donna Shore?} did some kind of grits or something that was yellow, but we have white ones, at least what we use is white. Interviewer: How about uh, the starch gr- uh grain that comes from Texas and um, Arkansas and Louisiana grows in the water, you know the Chinese eat it all the time- 289: Rice? Interviewer: Yeah you ever, get a lot of that here? 289: Oh yeah, we- everybody eats rice here. Interviewer: {X} 289: Rice and potatoes is your two. Well Key West, where all the Cubans is here. Interviewer: Oh. I guess you got a lot of them, yeah. 289: Yellow rice, then you cook white rice, then we cook "black eye pea hopping johns," then they cook yellow rice with chicken, and pork chops with chicken. You can put practically any meat in with the yellow rice and it comes out good. Interviewer: {X} Is the cooking here mainly influenced by the Spanish or do you have your own style or, would you say that you have sort of a Key West style? 289: Well, when it comes to the steams and the stews I would say they more or less like Key West. But then since there's a lot of Cubans here or Spanish, you have their foods sneaking in when you have the um, black beans and the yellow rice. But see a lot of Cubans, if you go to the restaurants, the Cubans are not going to put onions, peppers, uh and pieces of meat in the- in the yellow rice. Whereas if you're cooking at home you put the onions and peppers, and you can put ham in it, or you can put chicken. And then that's your big meal right there, you know if you cook it in with it. And it tastes better cause you have the flavor of the meat- in it. But then there Cubans have a picadillo. {C: Spanish} And then they have the ropa vieja. {C: Spanish} Interviewer: Now the picadillo is what? 289: Pica- Picadillo is ground meat that's cooked real fine, you know. And- and- it might be a little- with a little bit of olive oil in it, and the restaurants put garlic salt, and onion salt in it. But at home when we cook it- cook it, we cook it- We cook it with a little bit of tomato sauce into it. You know with the onions the same way. Now the ropa vieja is shredding beef. You go out and you buy the- there's like plank steak and you boil it in a pot of water, until it's done, and then you take it out when it cools off, and then you shred it with your fingers. Then you cook it down with some onions and maybe peppers, you can put olives in it, and with tomato sauce and a little bit of olive oil, and it's good. Then they have uh, {D: bellichi}. And uh, it's just- a form of uh- beef, that when you- it's- we buy big long chunks and it shrinks a lot when you cook it. But it's very tender, you'll never get a piece of {D: bellichi} that's tough, you can break it with your fork. You don't have even to use a knife with it. Interviewer: What's it from, what part of- 289: I think it's more it's like the r- you call the round eye, of the steak you know, or like um porterhouse that round section that, what is it the filet mignon, that little section, it's like that. It's- let's put it this way, you can never get a tough piece of {D: Bellichi}. But it's expensive to get. Interviewer: Hmm, do they sell that around- it's- 289: Yeah you can buy it in the grocery stores, if you go in the grocery stores and say they'll- if you ask for {D: Bellichi} they'll know what to give you. Interviewer: You ever see any in Miami? 289: Yes but it's not listed as {D: Bellichi} Interviewer: Oh, what do they call it? 289: I think they call it round eye, or something like that, and say like with here we call thin steak, "palomilla steak." I guess it's a Cuban- It's generally sliced thin steak- round steak sliced thin. Interviewer: Hmm. Okay. Um. Alright, how about um. Wh- wh- now what do you call the stuff that's uh made- made of flour and baked in loaves? 289: Bread. Interviewer: Okay, uh what kinds of bread can you- 289: Get here? Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Whole wheat, rye, pumpernickel. You get your white bread. They used to at the bake shops used to get sweet potato- sweet- potato bread but- they don't make it now. which I guess it's just gotten to to expensive, that was good. But you have to go to the Key West Bake Shop- Oh, and Cuban bread. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: And you can go and get the uh, French bread. From the- Interviewer: Okay, how about some uh other kinds that are made in different shapes other than the loaves. 289: Hmm, you mean the crescent like Pillsbury's crescent rolls, dinner rolls? Interviewer: Yeah, things like that. 289: And you have the twist rolls, the onion rolls. What's those seeds they put on top of them? I don't know. The seeded rolls. What- {NS: Mic tap} Cresc- no not crescent. Can't think of the darn name of the seeds, so. They look like parakeet food. Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} Oh um. {NS: Tapping} Uh. I can't think of anything. 289: I can't think of it, but you can buy that. Interviewer: Okay, how about the- the type of uh um, bread that's uh, made with cornmeal. 289: Cornmeal? {NS} Interviewer: Ever have any? You know it's usually in a flat pan and it's baked uh. In squares? {NS} They ever make any of that here? 289: Cornbread? Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Yeah, Cornbread. Interviewer: Is that- is that fairly common around here? 289: It's a lot common for um, not for Cuban restaurants they wouldn't have it, but uh, the dime stores have it, and- I think most people here they- the corn bread is- for us if we're gonna have it we generally have it in the morning for breakfast, you know? And put butter on it and have a corn bread and whether you want to drink tea or milk or something. Interviewer: Did you ever call it anything else besides just "Corn Bread?" {NS} Or any- let's put it this way uh- 289: They call it- we make corn sticks, corn bread. That's about it. Interviewer: Uh- well uh, now. Have you- uh- have you ever heard of "Corn Dodger?" {NS} 289: No. Corn dodger? Interviewer: Never heard of that? How about um. Have- have uh, supposed you have uh {X}, it has every- the only things it have- would have in it, would maybe just be um um- Cornmeal, salt, and water. Would that be "Cornbread?" 289: Cornmeal, salt, and water. {X} When we make cornbread we buy packaged cornmeal, co- cornbread mix, just add water in it, and then bake it. That's it. Interviewer: Okay, do you ever remember any uh like, your grandparents talk about making any? 289: They made um, Johnny Cake bread. Interviewer: And was that corn or wheat? 289: I think it's flour- it's flour. With some baking powder and water. And that's it. Interviewer: Okay but that was flour. 289: Uh huh, flour. Interviewer: Okay, how about um. Do you ever hear of anybody making uh cornbread on top of a stove in a skillet? 289: Yeah that's Johnny Cake, that's what we call "Johnny Cake" bread. Interviewer: Okay but it would be corn? 289: No it's- it's uh flour. But not corn. I think they do that kind of stuff when people go camping. Interviewer: Oh. It's- it's about an inch thick and it's round? 289: Yeah that's what we call Johnny Cake, but I mean- you know- that's not cornmeal it's flour. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever- now w- now how about the one that uh- now this is the kind where you take cornmeal and you chop up a little pepper and green uh- and onions and- 289: Uh, you mean hushpuppies? Interviewer: Alright uh. Do you- is that uh- That's not, made of here- not here, not hushpuppies. What- do you have anything like that? 289: We have {D: Boyas}- And we have conch fritters that's made that way. Interviewer: How are they made? 289: Okay you're {D: Boyas} are made out of what is it, um, beans. Black- not black beans. I forgot what kind of beans. It's beans, they soak over night and they take them and they grind them up. {NS} They put- people put garlic salt in them, and uh, they put some onion juice. And all,- and they drop in hot fat- hot fat, or grease- lard, and they cook it that way. And the conch fritters is the conch chopped fine, onions and peppers, and it's done the same way. Now you have banana fritters, the easier way to doing that- the banana fritters is that the ingredients. Is to borrow your pancake mix. Mix it the same way you do with pancakes. Get your fruit, bananas mostly, and smash it. And then mix it all together, and then fry it like pancakes, you know little thin pancakes. And then, some people eat it that way some people put- uh, honey on them, but- in my family we put egg sauce on them. Interviewer: Egg sauce? 289: Because we use that, we use the banana fritters- it's not as a breakfast thing, as a desert. You know it- like we have a stew meat or a st- steam meat or, vegetable beef soup. We'd have banana fritters while my grandmother was alive. Interviewer: Okay, how about um. Have you ever heard of anybody taking a kind of cornmeal and then frying it with- like putting it in a cheese- cheese cloth and uh- uh- uh, mixing it up with maybe pork bits or something like that? And uh, uh. Or chicken, you might mix it up with chicken and um- um. {NS} 289: Do you mean dumplings? {X} Interviewer: Yeah, what uh- would they ever be- what would they be made out of? 289: Okay, dumplings is generally uh, flour and water, with a little bit of baking powder in it. And um. Interviewer: Now it's usually boiled, right? 289: Yeah you can boil it, or- dump- more- we have something that's called "duff" is boiling. Too. Interviewer: #1 What's that? # 289: #2 But um. # Okay, it's uh- you make your duff. It's more or less like a cake mix type-thing but it has extra stuff in it, and we generally put um guavas in it, you know cooked guavas in it, and we put it in a- a pot and have a sealed lid that seals real tight. Then you take a big pot, and you put water into it, and put this- and put the duff can into it and you boil it on top of the stove for about two hours. Then you take it out, you just empty it out, and it looks like cake. And you slice it off, and some people- Well we always use egg sauce on it, but you can do the same thing and put uh, other fruit in it, we- you can put a pineapple. Now that's- that's duff now- dumplings you can cook in the pot, you know with your- like we'll cook chicken- chicken and dumplings you know, make the- the flour mix and put it in there, or when we do ribs we call it um. {NS} Ribs {X}. And dumplings, we call it dumplings, but it's with like uh ribs or any kind of steamed meat, stewed meat, you can put that on top. But when you make a guava- dumplings, it's uh- you roll out your dough, you put your guava down through the center, and then you fold over the sides and the ends and you roll it, and you put it in a grease pan and you bake it, and then, when it's done you slice it off and you put egg sauce on it. Interviewer: Okay, is it very uh. Uh. {X} Okay, I was just- 289: There's different ways of um- either bake it or boil it in a double- boiler pot. Or fix it in with your meat. Chicken and dumplings like that. Interviewer: Okay. Now if you um- um- Now there's two kinds of bread, there's uh- the type that you buy at a store and then what else? 289: Home made bread? Interviewer: Yeah. #1 What do you call and- what did your {D: family}- yeah- # 289: #2 Store bought bread, and homemade. # Interviewer: Yeah. Then {D: which}- 289: I'll go buy some "Wholesome" or "Marita" or, that's about it. Interviewer: The uh, um. 289: I don't remember my grandmother ever making bread. Interviewer: Never made it? Always- 289: Always bought it. Interviewer: What'd you have bakeries here or? 289: Yeah have bakeries- see you used- You used to be able to go to the bake shop and buy a loaf of bread, fresh made bread, twenty cents. Even sweet potato bread, twenty cents a loaf. And when I was little- if I wanted the Cuban bread I could go around to Cu- to the one of the Cuban grocery stores, and that's a whole loaf, now that's about the size of a French loaf of bread you know? Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 289: #2 That long. # And you say I want to buy half a loaf of Cuban bread, five cents, ten cents. It used to be ten cents now it's fifty cents. Interviewer: Mm. 289: For a loaf of Cuban bread. Interviewer: There was- There was ten cents when you were- 289: When I was around nine, ten years old- ten cents. It's gone up to fifty now. Interviewer: Alright now at the bakery, what about those things that have the holes in them? 289: Donuts. Interviewer: Yeah, do you get those here? 289: You get donuts and jelly donuts. Interviewer: Do they- now did you have a different name though you said jelly donuts, do you have a different name for those? Uh. 289: no, they're generally- donuts that don't have a center and, probably the inside is taken out and filled up with some type of jelly. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Uh, what about uh um. Um. {NS} What about the type that are twisted? Do you have a name for those? You know the whens that are {D: stirred/still} kind of- 289: Twisted donuts um. Interviewer: Y-y-yeah all I'm saying is there any- is there any special- 289: It mainly when you go to the grocery st- the bake shop you just say "Donuts," and then point to whatever it is that you want. Interviewer: Okay. #1 And then- # 289: #2 C- Oh Cinnamon twist donuts. That's the only other kind we used to buy, cinnamon twist. # Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. And uh, how about uh- now you mentioned uh- Johnny cakes, now I think this probably what this uh- sometimes you mix up a batter like Aunt Jemima. 289: Yeah. Interviewer: And uh, now is that the same thing as Johnny cakes? 289: Well I know it's- it's the same way as making dough. You know, f- flour, baking powder, and water. And I don't what else you might put in it because I've never baked it- you know made it. You take the big iron frying pan, you know you roll it out into a big circle- how wide the frying pan- and you grease the frying pan. You don't have excess of grease, you just grease it. Interviewer: #1 So just as long as it's nice and- # 289: #2 And then- yeah. # And then, when it- you think it's done on one side you take your spatula, or your egg turner and just flip it up and plop it on the other side and then, while that underneath is cooking, you know before you flipped it over you greased it, and then that side is cooking and my grandmother always used to leave a piece of paper with the grease sitting on top. You know. Interviewer: You get all- you get all greased up here. 289: Well it's just that it won't- wouldn't burn in the pot. Interviewer: Well I was talking about- well yourself. 289: Oh getting burned, yeah you can get burned with it. Interviewer: Okay, I was just, I was trying to differentiate between the Johnny cake and the type that they have at the international house of uh- #1 You know those- those things they make in the morning and put syrup on- Yeah. # 289: #2 Pancakes? # Interviewer: #1 Are those different? # 289: #2 No, it's completely different. # {X} Yeah because theirs is thin and runny and this Johnny cake isn't going to run no where. It's going to stay. Interviewer: Now you- would you eat the Johnny cake the way they do in the morning, you know- 289: Johnny cake, when you get take it out the of the frying pan, just cut off a- piece and just slid it down the center and put some butter on it. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh- what is it they put in bread to make it raise? 289: Baking powder? No not baking powder. Yeast. Interviewer: Okay. And uh. If you went to the store and you were buying flour you might buy two what? A two- 289: Two pounds Interviewer: Okay. And uh. What the inside part of an egg is called? 289: Yolk. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If you cook- um. A couple of them- if you boil them. Uh. Well let's put it this way- You can- uh. {C: The interviewer is starting to say "let's put it this way" the same way 289 does} 289: What the chicken lays? Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Eggs. Interviewer: And if you put it on water at two hundred and twenty degrees you're doing what? 289: You're boiling them. Interviewer: So you're having- 289: Hard boiled eggs, soft boiled eggs. Interviewer: Okay. How about if you break them open and you put that in water? 289: Um. Poached. Interviewer: Okay. And, now, do you have any names for fat salt pork? {NS} 289: No just pork. Interviewer: You know what I'm talking about like uh- 289: Yeah the chunks of pork you can buy it looks like bacon big chunks if you if you haven't even bothered to slice them Interviewer: Yeah- you ever? 289: No my mother buys um. Salt pork. Interviewer: Is that- what you would call it? 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay, how about uh have you ever seen like when they cut the side of a hog that's all hung up there- it's like you say square, big side, what they call it. 289: Slab? Interviewer: Yeah with the- the. 289: I've never seen a hog split open like that, and I'm not interested in finding it. Interviewer: Did they ever have any um, butcher houses in around here? 289: Yeah they used to at the- I don't remember- at the end of uh White Street, a little bit over, they used to have they'd bring the cattle in and they'd slaughter them there sharks- hanging out there. Interviewer: Sharks {D: in their hand}? 289: Mm-hmm. #1 Not now, but they used to. # Interviewer: #2 Well that- that'd be- # 289: They used to say- it used to go out you know where white street pair would go off? Well this is over about, fifty feet. {NS} Interviewer: Toward the Beach? 289: Not towards Monroe county, the other way. And uh, my grandmother says that's when they used to bring in the cattle in there and they'd slaughter them there. And the blood and everything just- they let it go in the water and the sharks used to be there and eat it all up. Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} 289: {D: I mean I seen it.} Interviewer: I don't think anyone would want to do- that'd be one- that'd be a good time to go swim on the other side of the island. But yeah, yeah. How about uh, uh- what about the kind of meat that you buy uh- sliced thin that you'd eat with eggs? 289: You mean spam? Interviewer: Well you know, you know- 289: Bacon. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Ham. Interviewer: Yeah, what other kind? 289: Sausage Interviewer: Alright. And what do you call the uh- the outside of bacon like if you buy it unsliced, you know it's got that real hard- 289: I don't know. Interviewer: Yeah, it's hard to eat. 289: We don't eat bacon, that much, that often. {NS: Chair creaking} Interviewer: Okay, and uh, um. {NS} How about uh. The guy that- the guy that cuts the meats is called? 289: The butcher Interviewer: Okay. And if the meats been kept too long you'd say the meat has done what? 289: Spoiled. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Now um. {NS} This is uh- {X} like for example, uh, I don't know if you're familiar with any of these or not but I'll just run through them quickly. Now what time do you have to g- 289: I don't have to worry about anything until twelve o'clock. Interviewer: Okay so there's a clock right there, I'm going to keep my eye on it. {NW: Laugh} Alright. Um. Okay uh. After someone butchers a hog, do you know what they uh- what they might make with the meat from it's head? {NS} 289: {NW} Interviewer: #1 You ever heard- # 289: #2 No. # Interviewer: #1 Anything? # 289: #2 {X} # People up and around New Orleans and that kind of stuff they make their own sausage but they grind up their stuff, but I don't know what it is that they- I've heard of hog jaws. And chitterlings. Interviewer: Do you know what chitterlings are? 289: Yeah that's the um, I think- now, this is from working in the Navy with these cooks, I think it's the male's something or other. {NS: Pages turning} Or I might got the wrong one mixed up with it. {NW: Laugh} Interviewer: Alright- 289: Hog bowls, hog jaws, chitterlings. Interviewer: Okay- 289: Tripe. Interviewer: Tripe. Alright did you ever hear of anything made out of hog blood? {NS} 289: No. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh, what would you call a dish prepared by cooking and grinding up a hog liver? What do you think is made out of that? 289: Nope. Never heard of anything- chi- The thing I've heard of is chicken livers but they wouldn't do that. On a hog. Interviewer: You have a name for like, in a chicken you know like uh. Um. #1 Like the heart and the gizzard and the- # 289: #2 gizzard, the liver. # Interviewer: #1 All those things together, you know inside of a chicken, # 289: #2 chitterlings? # Interviewer: That's eatable inside a chicken, would they have a common name for all of them, you know, together? 289: No, they may but, see the only one out of my family that ever ate any of that was my grandmother. Interviewer: {D: Never heard her call it anything} Okay. Um. 289: What do- what do they call chitterlings? Interviewer: #1 Chitterlings- # 289: #2 Oh giblets! # Is it giblets that make uh- My girlfriend takes the heart and the, the liver and chumps it up, and her turkey and stuff to make gravy. Is that it? Interviewer: Well you know, just- If it's what you know {NW: Laugh}. 289: Let's put it this way, with me the heart, liver in the chicken gets thrown out the back door for the chickens- I mean- the cats to eat. Interviewer: Oh. 289: Because uh, I'm not about to do it. {NS} Even the neck and the tail-end, last piece that goes over the fence gets thrown out the door. Interviewer: What do you call that last piece that goes- 289: That's {D: it's} the tail-end {NW: Laugh}. That gets out. Interviewer: Did you ever have- hear anybody else call that anything else? 289: No, the last- tail-end- let's see the last piece that goes over the fence the tail-end. {NS} Interviewer: Ever hear it called "nose" 289: No. Interviewer: {X} 289: Mm. Interviewer: Or something like that- okay, how about uh. Uh- Have you ever heard of anyone taking the juice from hogs head cheese, or {D: lure} sausage and stirring it up with cornmeal or maybe some other meat and then cooking it up and the later off uh, when it's cool, slicing it and frying it or anything like that? Any kind of dish that even sounds like that, remotely? 289: #1 I wouldn't even want to know of anything like that- Ooh! # Interviewer: #2 {NW: Laugh} # How about uh, supposed you kept butter too long and it didn't taste good, what would you say happened to it? 289: {NS} The only thing I can think of is milk and that curdles, so you throw that away. But not butter- spoils, the butter spoils. Interviewer: Okay, you ever- 289: We don't keep um- Key West people as a rule, at least for us, for the past maybe tw- twenty years, we don't buy butter, we buy margarine. Because at the time it was cheaper to buy than the butter and the butter was too high in cholesterol. So we buy margarine. And even when I was little I remember my grandmother buying this white stuff, and mixing it up and then putting the yellow stuff in it to make it yellow like butter. Interviewer: Mm. 289: There is some- we only have real good butter when we- maybe when we have company, they think- we think they might like it. But most of them nowadays prefer the margarine. Interviewer: Mm. So you say when milks spoils you call that what? 289: It's curdled milk or it's turned sour. Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard of anybody making any kind of a cheese out of curdled milk? 289: My girlfriend did but I don't know what it's called. Interviewer: Okay. 289: You just skim it off and- #1 I don't know what else you put but- # Interviewer: #2 You like to get- in grocery stores it's white and it got chunks. # {NS} And it comes in little tubs? 289: Not sour cream. Interviewer: No. {NS} 289: I'm sure it's- cottage cheese? Don't tell me that- Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} {X} Some people might. 289: I don't- well I only use cottage cheese when I make lasagna so I'm safe that way. Interviewer: Okay. How about- 289: I think I'm going to- {X}- omit the cottage cheese. Interviewer: Have you- but- you never- not too many people make stuff out of uh {D: Clarry Milk} {C: possibly meant "curdled"? I couldn't find what this Clarry Milk is}. 289: No, No- Not that I know of. People nowadays- at least as far as I can remember- is- down here you pay more- you go in the grocery store around here looking, you pay more than what you pay for up- up in Miami, because when been up in Miami shopping for my cousins, and I see the prices of their meat and know what we're paying here, and I hear them complaining, and I say, "well you should come where I come from." Because most people nowadays, they don't buy, in excess. The- you know they had it to throw away. And when we do have something left over from the table, and we know that we're not going to want it, we'll give it to the dog- my dog, and if the dog don't want it we give it to the cats. And the cats don't want it, when we had ducks we'd give it to the ducks or the chickens. I've had a chicken come in the house and stand with my dog and eat dog food. Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} 289: Or- or the- Johnny, we had a duck named Johnny like Daffy Duck, He come in through the back door all the way in the house to the front room see what we's doing, turn around, go back out. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: Didn't do a thing, just wanted to know what we was doing. Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} 289: #1 It was true # Interviewer: #2 Ch- Chicken- # How many chickens and ducks did you have at one time? 289: We had- three chickens. {NS} Well we had three boys and one female, okay. The female was Lucy and we got rid of- my uncle came and got the black ones, the males and then {NW} wrung their necks, so he took those, but we kept Lucy. {NS} And uh, she was a white one, but she had- must have had cancer, but she got along with the dogs we had. In fact my dog would go out in the backyard and lay down and she'd go up and flea him. Or she'd come in the house and eat dog food with him. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: They got along perfect together. Interviewer: When you uh, when you were going out to uh- feed the chickens how would you used to call them? 289: I didn't- I- generally I just call Lucy, just, "Lucy." Interviewer: Had grain that you threw? 289: Yep, and well we put out- uh, bread or we put out the rinds of the watermelon or- you know anything like that. But more or less the dog's food was right by the back door as soon as you go out, and the see- with all the dogs we've had, we'd leave the back door open, so they come and go as they please so the chicken, or the duck would come and go as he pleased. and as long as he didn't do anything in the house we didn't- He didn't- He'd be satisfied eating the dog food or the cat food, he didn't give a darn. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS: Something moving} 289: Except she- Except the darn roosters we had never knew when to crow. They'd crow at the wrong time. {NW: Laugh} Generally around um. Two o'clock in the morning. Or, uh, eleven o'clock in the morning. Stupid things didn't know when to crow. Interviewer: Okay if you had uh- if you had uh, um- say uh a soda bottle that when you opened it chipped a little bit, you know, and you didn't want to throw it away, you might take a- 289: Strain it. Interviewer: Yeah. And um. What- what's baked in a deep dish and is made out of apples, has crust on top, or it could be made out of peaches too, has crust on top of it uh. 289: What pie? Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 289: #2 Apple crisp? # Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 289: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Sometimes uh- well is it a still a pie if it's in a square dish? 289: {NS} Yeah. Well I mean, pies you think of being round. But pie, if it's apple or peach, would have a crust on bottom and crust on top. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Whereas an apple crisp would be more like a cake- with the fruit in it with sprinkled sugar and cinnamon on top of it. Interviewer: How about something that you might uh- it may not have a bottom crust it just has, you know fruit in it and it maybe have a layer of crust, then some more fruit, then a layer of crust. Something like that. {NS} 289: I never had one like that. Interviewer: Okay, you ever heard of like a cobbler or- 289: Oh yeah, I've heard- that's what they call the crisp down here. That's where I picked it up, at least from um, working at the Navy they called it a crisp, you know, ye- but within they'll put uh um, a layer of like the uh- cake mix, then the fruit, then- cake mix and fruit and sugar. Interviewer: #1 Oh so it's got cake in it then? # 289: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Oh, and that's a "crisp?" 289: They call it "apple crisp" or "cobbler." Interviewer: Okay. Alright if someone has a good appetite you'd say he sure likes to put away his- 289: Put away his food, put away his meal. Interviewer: Okay. No one ever say vittles here or anything? 289: Mm- I've heard it people say- uh- When my cousin went up to Alabama and came back she called it "vittles" for a little while. Interviewer: Until she got back into it? 289: Got back into the swing of it. Interviewer: #1 If somebody said vittles would that- I know, would that tip you off to where they're from? # 289: #2 It's food # I- I would say they were from the south if they weren't something from, you know. Maybe the northern Florida fo- I don't even think in the northern part of Florida say it. I'd say Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, Mississippi. Interviewer: How about uh, {NS: Pages turning} the uh {NS: Pages turning} 289: You think of the- Vittles, you think of mountain people. You know. Back hills, hillbillies. {NS: Pages turning} Interviewer: Now, since you mention back hills, hillbillies, do you have any uh, uh- names for uh, um, white people that are in the south that are you know like "hillbillies," that names like that, you know? That you talk about- let's say- let's say people who are rural. you know 289: We call them farm- farm- farmers. Hillbillies. {NS: Pages turning} Um. {NS: Pages turning} I don't know. Interviewer: You know like uh, somebody who lives out in the country and doesn't know anything about town ways, you know- you know like uh. Um. Like you know- I think you said hillbilly but uh- 289: Yeah. Interviewer: {X}- 289: Backwoodsman. Um. Hill people, mountain people. {NS} But you got to go a long way before you go to Key West to get that. Interviewer: Right. Do they ever have any uh, uh, uh. Um. Th reason why I'm asking is because you know, you brought- you just mentioned it but uh. D- do you- what are some local names for negros. {C: Oh.} 289: #1 Okay. # Interviewer: #2 I shouldn't have said that. # 289: No because- Interviewer: #1 Because- # 289: #2 Key- All people- # Like with me when I was growing up. The colored people that I know preferred to be called "Colored," people, colored. Okay now the new bunch have come- come along, and the Navy and all- they prefer to call- be call, "Negros." Then some people want to be called "Black people." But to me they're color- colored person. Interviewer: Were there any um, um. Jocular or you know like, uh, or derogatory terms that are native to the area here. Or just, that you knew when you were young? 289: For colored people? To me the- no, because see- my father and mother had French no other word that was colored. So I mean, to me there's Catherine, Levi, and, I mean but that's their names. Interviewer: Right. Okay how about uh, for a white person now, you know if you've heard since you had, you know- 289: Oh they might call them "whities." Interviewer: Okay how about uh, you know for a caucasian any- any- {NS} How about- do you consider, like you know, we were talking about native island people, okay. And you call those? 289: Key West people who are born in Key West are Conchs. Interviewer: Alright. Now is that a derogatory term or a good term in your mind? 289: Well, when you, the books that we had here in library and we looked it up- to me a conch is an animal, you know in the shell that you can eat, to me- It's just like saying you're a Georgia peach. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 289: I don't take it as an insult to be a Conch, because they always say I'm a Conch- I'm a Conch. But to be a true Conch, your family has had to come from the Bahamas, Nassau or Bahamas, from England. So my family came from England, to the Bahamas, to Key West. That's a true Conch. Interviewer: Could there be any black Conchs? 289: Well I guess if they was born in England and went to the Bahamas and came to Key West then they're- that's it, that doesn't state if you have to be white or black though, or what color, it's just that you- From England, to the Bahamas, to Key West. Interviewer: I was just curious about that because I interviewed someone in {D: Miami}. Uh, Thompson family is black and um, they uh, lived in {D: Miami} three generations and they came from Key West. Part of that and uh. He referred to- now he'd been away for three generations but, uh he was talking about the Conchs in Key West, and I asked him you know, if blacks and whites were Conchs, and he said as far as he knew yes, And he thought it was sort of a derogatory term and it might be because of the, you know, I mean he was- 289: I don't take it as an insult because I mean I was born here, I'm not ashamed of the place, but they- they started throwing in things, first I'm American, then if you want to throw in second spot I'm either a Conch or I'm a Floridian. If you want to throw up another thing I'm either- I've got English, Irish, and a little bit of Seminole Indian in me. And I'm not ashamed of any of them. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: So I don't care if I have Italian or cuban or what have you. If you're not ashamed of yourself or your family then it doesn't make and difference what you got in you. Interviewer: Okay. Well I meant, well you know this isn't- this is just uh, 289: {X} I mean that's true because I'm a Conch, because I was born and raised here. Now if I would have had my way I'd loved to live in California. You'd tell me I could go tomorrow to San Diego to live where my Uncle lives in Point Loma, area. Oh! Interviewer: {NW: Laugh} You like it there? 289: It's beautiful. I love television. And he's seven blocks from the ocean, up like on a hill, but all his- his house is on ground, you know firm ground. And do you know he can get twenty three T.V. stations in his set? Interviewer: Set? 289: Twenty three. What you miss one day, you can pick up the next day or a couple of hours later. Because if you don't like Key West- there's not much to do you can go swimming, fishing, tennis, boating. But I had all of that when I was little so I'd rather, go to California. San Diego your hop skip and a jump from Tijuana and Las Vegas, which I like, you can go to Disney Land. You can go to Los Angeles, you can go to San Francisco. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah, well yeah- that's what I was wondering because I'm from Saint Louis. And uh- not from, I'm from upper Florida, I've been working in Saint Louis for the past five, six years. and um up around there anyway, and uh, to me a big city is, I'm trying to get away from. {NW: Laugh} 289: Well I mean, In San-- That Point Loma area, it's a- it's a very residential area, when he built his house there, I think he built it for twenty thousand and um, he's like he's out in the boondocks {NS: Knocking} Now, in Sixty-Nine they appraised his house as small as what it is, and the rooms not very big, it's sixty-five thousand they could give. 289: {X} But- His house is two blocks from a um big food basket grocery store, and their food there is downright cheap, it's ridiculous. Interviewer: Huh. In San Diego? 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Well uh I've noticed that the further of course the further south you got one railroad, or a truck truck lines and shipping lines that come down, well you know. 289: Well each of the big grocery stores have their own trucks, but it seems like they ought to um, like Here's your main warehouse, okay? And there may may be a bunch of stores only three or four miles away, alright they're saving on their shipments. So that will help pay for the other shipments that have to a go a little bit further. But we have a big mark up in the price because of it a gallon of milk is a dollar ninety-five a gallon here. And one of the girls here just went to I think it was Pittsburgh. Seventy cents cheaper in Pittsburgh, per a gallon of milk. Interviewer: Hmm. {NS} 289: So why should I mean it's not Interviewer: Seventy cents? 289: #1 Seventy cents cheaper. # Interviewer: #2 Well everything has to be brought in so far here I guess. # 289: Well let's put it this way, they got uh Winn Dixie or and Grant's and um, what Key Largo. Marathon. A few more miles, Key West. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: And they only come down here about once a week or once every two weeks, so. Interviewer: Huh. The uh- 289: We always getting {D: rooked?} Interviewer: Yeah. Well you know they they can always say, "Well it's such a hassle." {NW} 289: Yeah. Interviewer: How about- Um, what now what do you call that, you know like milk and cheese and stuff like 289: Dairy products. Interviewer: Yeah, was there ever any uh, of that around uh. 289: We used to have our own dairy in Key West years and years ago. Interviewer: Was it uh did they have very many uh animals? {NS} 289: I couldn't tell you because I mean more or less they had enough to take care of the Key West area. But um. I remember seeing the um Adams dairy. Used to have, I remember me and people {X} And I can barely remember seeing, you know one of their milk bottles. {NS} Interviewer: Okay, uh. {X} When I keep flipping back and forth don't worry about it, I'm just marking the ones that I- I know that I- I'm catching all that you're doing so I don't have to re-ask, hopefully I won't have to re-ask. The uh- what do you call a um- A lady, who uh, works uh, in the movies. 289: What usherette? Interviewer: No, who- I mean who performs, who's uh, on- on stage. 289: What kind of work is she supposed to be doing? Interviewer: What is she? 289: Well if it's a burlesque theater, what she could be a, stripper? Interviewer: Well let's say she does legitimate theater. 289: Performer? Actress, comedian. Interviewer: Okay. And- I know it sounds strange, how about uh- 289: I was wondering what kind of theater you meant. Interviewer: Oh no not a Burlesque. How about um. Uh. The person who works for a businessman and takes personal correspondence. 289: Secretary. Interviewer: And uh. Uh a person who goes to a university to study is a what? 289: A college student Interviewer: Okay. And uh- uh- uh, now you have a this is {D: a kinda} in court, uh you have- this is where the court is right? 289: Not in this building. Interviewer: I mean- 289: We have a county courthouse. Interviewer: This is the- this is the town where it's at. 289: Yeah, county seat? Interviewer: Right. How about um. The uh, uh. Who's the, is- who's the main- The guy that presides over the court, who's the guy here? What's his name? 289: He's the judge. I don't know. I think this is Judge uh, Lester. He's county. Judge Pappy. He's county. {NS} There's others but I don't know. Let's put it this way, if I'm not in trouble with the law {NW} forget it. I may I know lawyers and I know some the policemen, sh sheriff. And the sheriff, I know the police captain. And there's some doctors and dentists. You know. But unless I have to know a judge. Forget it {NS} Interviewer: How about, um- um. {NS} A girl's beginning with S, Sally is the nickname, what would you call her? Do you know what that name would be? 289: Sally, an S? {C: Whispered} {NS} #1 No, sorry I don't. # Interviewer: #2 There's a brand name in the store uh, of cakes. # The last part's "Lee." 289: Sara Lee. Interviewer: Okay. And um. If um. The uh. If your father had a brother by the name of William. What would you call him? 289: Uh, that's my father's name, William. Okay it'd be Will, Bill, Billy. Interviewer: Okay but if was your father's brother he'd be your what? 289: My Uncle. Uncle Billy, Uncle Will, Uncle Bill. Interviewer: #1 Okay what if his name was Jonathan? # 289: #2 William. # Interviewer: It'd be what? 289: Uncle John? John Johnny? {NS} Interviewer: Okay. 289: Jonathan? Interviewer: Alright. How about uh, the commander of- uh- of the South during- during the war. 289: Robert E Lee? If he was it, I don't know. Robert E Lee I guess. Interviewer: But he was uh what? His rank. {NS} #1 They call him? # 289: #2 Ker- # Colonel? Robert E Lee general? General? Interviewer: So alright he was a General, he was- so he'd be called what? General- 289: General Robert E Lee, General Lee. Interviewer: Okay. And um. {NS} 289: I know what you was after then. Interviewer: {NW} So wait uh- Now, um. We mentioned earlier right before the tape went out, about the uh, the different names for farm people and um- blacks and whites. How about uh, is there any name that you know of for a racially mixed, uh, either white, black, or Spanish- 289: Mulatto. Interviewer: Okay, any uh. Uh now like, you know. {X} Like, back say like one grandparent, one great grandparent, does it change as the older the generation gets or? 289: No, just mulatto to me. It's always been mulatto. Interviewer: Alright. And um. 289: Uh what do you call them, mixed breeds? Half breeds? Interviewer: Okay. How about uh- in the south particularly, or even here, white people who are not real well- who are very uh- who are not well off at all, I mean just. 289: They're poor. Interviewer: Alright. Any terms for those? 289: Um, the poor. {NS} Interviewer: People uh, a lot of times people in the country you know, just just just scrubbing by 289: #1 Yeah I can't think of what you mean. # Interviewer: #2 Scrubbing a living. Like a Georgian. # 289: {NS} I can't think of anything. Interviewer: Okay, you ever hear one uh. Um. Ever hear the term "Cracker?" 289: Georgia cracker. Interviewer: Yeah. Does that- is that- 289: That's just to me that's just a person that's uh born in Georgia. No. That's Georgia peach. Interviewer: {NW} 289: And they call them crackers I know, "Georgia crackers." Interviewer: But that just has to do with where they're born. 289: Yeah just in the fa- the fact that they was born in the state that state. I guess they have a nick name for Alabama but I can't think of it. Interviewer: How about in Florida? Is there any nickname for? 289: Uh. They call them Floridians, Miami what do they call them? See they got different schools have their own um things so, there's the Bulldogs, there's the Vikings. Mi- Miami's, {X} no. Miami. Miamians? Miamians I guess. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh, do you know what a black person might call a poor white man? 289: White trash. {NW} I guess that that's what they'd call. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. Uh, if it's not quite midnight and somebody asked you, what time is it say it's about ten minutes till or something, you knew it was on, you know, knew it was there. And um, uh, but you didn't know exactly, you might say uh. 289: Say it's close to twelve. Interviewer: Okay. 289: Almost midnight. Interviewer: Okay. And uh, if you slip and catch yourself, um um you might say this is a dangerous place, I blank fell. {NS} {X} 289: Slipped and fell? Interviewer: If y- if you caught yourself, you know, you say. 289: Almost fell. Interviewer: Okay. And if uh- if somebody's waiting for you to get ready so's you can go out, uh they might call to you and say uh, "Hey will you be ready soon," you might answer, "I'll be with you in-" 289: A minute. Interviewer: Okay, did you ever put anything in front of "a minute?" 289: No because I'm never late, I'm always on time. Interviewer: Okay, would you ever say I'll be with you in j- in- 289: Just a moment or a few moments few minutes. Interviewer: Okay, if uh, let's say that you're going down to uh, oh, Daytona or some place up the coast, A one A area you knew that you were on the right road. 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay, but you weren't sure the distance, you might ask somebody how- 289: How far it was. Interviewer: Okay. And uh- Um. If you want to know how many times in reference to how many times, okay? You might say, "How blank do you go to town?" 289: How often. Interviewer: Okay. And uh, if you agree with- if- now you're agreeing with a friend. 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: When he says, "I'm not going to do that," Okay? And uh, uh, you'll say- Uh. "Blank am I." 289: Neither am I. Interviewer: Okay. And- and this part- this part of my body is what. 289: What? Your forehead. Interviewer: Alright. I think we got some of these. And this is um. 289: Your hair. Interviewer: And if I had it on my face? 289: Your beard. Or your whiskers, your ears. Interviewer: Alright and then this side? On this side of my body, this would be my? 289: Your ear. Interviewer: Yeah but in reference to the side. 289: Your right ear, left ear Interviewer: Okay. And uh this area here? 289: Mouth. Interviewer: And this. 289: Neck. Interviewer: And this area here? 289: Throat. Interviewer: Now did they ever call that anything- you know like they ever talk about- um- put that down your- 289: I think you can call it your gullet. Put I'm going to shove it down your throat. Interviewer: Yeah. Um. How about um, one of these? 289: Your teeth. Or your tooth. Interviewer: Okay and what they sit in? 289: Mouth. Interviewer: This here. 289: Gum {NW}. Interviewer: To no end {NW} 289: Yes, how many cavities do I have? I don't have any. Interviewer: {NW} How about uh, this area right here? 289: Your palm. Interviewer: Okay and this? 289: Knuckles, fist. Interviewer: Alright, and two of them? 289: Fists Interviewer: Okay. And uh your elbow has a- 289: Joint. Interviewer: Okay. And this area right here? 289: Chest. Interviewer: Okay on a female it'd be called a- 289: Breast. Interviewer: Okay, and this is a- 289: Shoulder. Interviewer: And two of them? 289: Shoulders. Interviewer: Okay and this is a- 289: Fingers. Interviewer: Alright but the whole thing? 289: Your hand. Interviewer: Okay and two of them? 289: Your hands. Interviewer: Alright. 289: Okay, it's your feet Interviewer: Well, what about this thing here? 289: Your leg Interviewer: Alright, and, one- feet is a- 289: Foot. Interviewer: Okay. Um. How about uh- the part right here, in- {NS} 289: What, your calf? Interviewer: You say you get kicked in the- 289: Shins. Interviewer: Okay. Um. If um. How about the back part of your thigh you know you might say um. You know like someone- I'm gonna give you an example say you want to talk to about, because this is a hard thing to describe. This back part right here is what I'm talking about, and you talk about doing this they- {NW} {NW} {X} 289: You're squatting. Interviewer: Alright but uh, you ever hear them talk about uh, like a guy getting down behind your head you'd say he's doing what? He had to- {NS} 289: Stoop? Bend? Interviewer: He had to get down on his- 289: Haunches. Interviewer: Okay. You ever heard the term um- um- "Hunker down?" or. 289: #1 I don't think- I don't think so. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay, um. {NS} The uh. {NS} Alright. If somebody's been sick um for a while and he's up and about now, okay he's okay now, but he still looks kind of- 289: Down in the dumps. Interviewer: Alright, would you say, um- 289: He looks peaked. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh. A person that could lift heavy weights you'd say is- 289: What, muscular? Interviewer: Alright. 289: {X} no. Strength, Interviewer: Yeah if he's- if he's got strength you'd say he's- He's very- 289: Very muscular. He's got plenty of {D: Oomph Power} Interviewer: Okay, he's big and- 289: Strong. Interviewer: Okay, and- and how about a person who is very easy to get along with, you say he's- 289: Easy-going. Interviewer: #1 Okay, how about uh- # 289: #2 Agreeable. # Interviewer: Okay. Um. Some person who always has a smile on his face and never loses his temper, you'd say he's mighty- 289: Happy? No. Interviewer: #1 Let's say- alright- {X} # 289: #2 Easy going. # Interviewer: Okay, how about- how about uh, you might say the same thing about a horse you know, a horse that has a- {NS} 289: Horse {C: Whispered} {NS} Interviewer: He's very good- 289: Natured mannered natured {X} {NS} Interviewer: Um. Uh when a boy is in his teens, I don't know if you were around when your brother was in his teens- 289: Yeah. Interviewer: And he's apt to be all arms and legs, you know they go with that- 289: Clumsy. Interviewer: Right, so you um- at that age he's awfully uh- 289: Clumsy. Interviewer: And, how about a person who keeps doing things that just doesn't make any sense, you might uh, say that he's just a plain- {NS} 289: Keeps doing things that don't make any sense- Interviewer: That makes absolutely no sense at all, you know like- 289: Stupid. Interviewer: Right, and then, how about, someone- you know you know in talking to him you say he is just a plain- 289: Dud? Interviewer: Alright, anything else you might say? 289: Nut? Weird ball, weirdo. Interviewer: Alright, would you ever use the word fool? 289: He's a- well you might say he's a complete ass down this way. Interviewer: Yeah. The word fool, does that- is that uh- relegated to any sex, like if you say- would you say fool about a woman or a man or- 289: Let's put it this way, in talking I don't think you would call, a person that's your friend a fool, might say he did something stupid. Now maybe someone that you don't know you see them doing something foolish and say, "Well he's a fool." Or if you get really mad at someone aggravated you know. And I think if it's a real close associate, you know associated person that you would call a I more or less call somebody on stupid on, T.V. a fool, when you know he does something foolish. Interviewer: Right, okay. How about- how about a person who never spends a cent. 289: He's a tight-wad. Interviewer: Okay. And uh- #1 Uh. # 289: #2 Miser. # Interviewer: Alright, how about um. 289: Scrooge. Interviewer: Yeah, okay. How about uh- How about- {NW} have you- di- now the word "common." Okay. 289: Common. Interviewer: Yeah. Does that- if someone were to come up and say, "you're common," would that be an insult? {NS} 289: I would think it would be all according to where I was and what I was doing. Interviewer: Alright, what now what- 289: I was common in {D: Lawrence???} I'd be like all the other people around me. Interviewer: Okay. 289: You know. And if I don't think if I think they were right then it wouldn't be an insult, but if I think you know, but certain let's put it this way, a few people come in here and they had say I was common like that person I would take it as an insult. Interviewer: Then if you were to hear somebody say, "That girl is very common." #1 Would that mean anything? # 289: #2 Well it's- # Well it's like um {NS} There's so many other people around her that they see that's just like her. {NS} Well you think a like a common person in Key West, a common Key West is supposed to be easy going, friendly. You know, they'll help you out if they can, you know once they get to know you. So that's more or less common commonly expected of a Key Wester. Interviewer: Okay, the- a common person is just- like you say I'm a common man- 289: Yeah. Interviewer: There's nothing- 289: No of course com- well let's put it this way, if a person comes out like that, and then they throw in, "well, yeah compared to Burt Reynolds he's common," you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Yeah. {NS} I can think of other men that's better looking. Interviewer: See uh. And- I'm going to have to back up here a little bit. What uh- the the uh- the thing up there in the uh- um. {NS} Um, trying to {D: skip around a little bit}. {NW} {NS} {NS} {X} How about now, uh if you- if your dishes are all dirty, you say you have to uh, do what to them? 289: Wash them. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what do you call a cloth that looks something like that that you might wash them with? 289: Wash cloth. Interviewer: #1 Okay you ever call them- # 289: #2 Dish cloth. # Interviewer: Okay. Uh, and when they're all soapy- 289: Sudsy, full of suds. Interviewer: Yeah and you put them under the water to- 289: Rinse them Interviewer: Okay. And you say- and you're talking about uh- the young lady, does what with the dishes? You know, in the act of rinsing, you'd say she's- 289: She's rinsing them off. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, how about uh one of these things for drying, what would you call that? 289: Dish cloth. Towel, hand t- uh dish towel. Interviewer: Okay. And how about one of things just like this you use for your face? 289: Wash cloth. Interviewer: Okay. And uh, one of those that you use to dry yourself 289: Bath towel. Interviewer: Okay. And what's the thing that the water comes out of uh 289: Faucet. Interviewer: In the kitchen, how- if it's outside is it the same? 289: People can either call it a faucet or a spi- spicket. {NS} Interviewer: Spicket? 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Does the spicket- can you have a spicket inside? 289: No, I don't think people do it, they call it inside um a spicket, it's generally outside. When they'd say I'm going up to the spi- spigot, you know they out there working get a drink of water. Interviewer: Oh okay. If uh- {X} if you had a lot of back pressure in a pipe and all the sudden it, shot through and it was too much for the pipe, it went like that you'd say the pipe- 289: It never happens here, what exploded? Um. {NS} It's going to flood the kitchen if it don't- Interviewer: {NW} How- well you know like the line that runs from here to Miami, uh. 289: It um it bust burst. Interviewer: Okay. Um. {NS} How about uh, years ago, those big wooden containers- 289: Barrels. Interviewer: Okay. They still have those around? 289: I'm sure they got them. Interviewer: #1 Just curious. # 289: #2 Somewhere. # Interviewer: Do- do you still have a regular shipping trade that delivers things here by boat? 289: Yeah. They they shipping stuff here. Lot of times from uh the Yucatan Peninsula uh, someone will have a big cargo ship, you know a big uh, freight ship come in. Unload. Uh- I think last year they did a lot of {X} of all things cucumbers. Interviewer: Alright. {NW} 289: Cucumber. Interviewer: {X} 289: And uh, they bring in plantains and all plantains, as far as I know of are not grown in uh, Florida. Not in the United States. Interviewer: What are they? 289: Plantains. They're like a banana, but they're bigger and you have to fry them, you know. Interviewer: Oh, I've never seen any. 289: Oh they're good, go to a Cuban restaurant and tell them you want a order of fried plantains. Interviewer: Okay, {X}. Uh, finding out more about this town everyday {NW}. Hopefully. What- now what do you uh- uh- what- if you had a bottle, like a soda bottle and you want to put something in it, more water say if you were ironing and you need some- some- 289: You wanted to sprinkle it? Interviewer: But uh you wouldn't just- Pour a glass into it you might have to use a- 289: Funnel. Interviewer: Okay, and uh. How about uh- do you know what they used to- years ago, uh large quantities of molasses used to come in? Or lard? 289: Um didn't they come in kegs? Interviewer: #1 They might have. {NW} # 289: #2 I don't know, you're going back too far. # Interviewer: Oh okay. Alright well have you ever seen a keg? 289: Uh-huh, I've seen kegs. Interviewer: Okay. How about, those- what do you call those metal bands that hold like, they go around- 289: Just the band, I don't know what they call them other than that. Interviewer: Okay. #1 How about if you- # 289: #2 Oh what do they call it # Ribbon? {NS} Yeah, I think yeah. I think they call it ribbon. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh uh. A few years ago they used to have hula 289: Hula hoops. Interviewer: Okay. And uh, um. What- when you carry washing on- to hang on a line what do you carry it out in? Or what would you call it? 289: I carry them car- I carry them over my shoulder because that's where I'm putting it, but they take it uh wash baskets, um. {NS} Hamper. Interviewer: Oh- what's the difference between a basket and a hamper? 289: I think a hamper is got a lid on it and the basket just doesn't. Interviewer: Does- now does a hamper look like a basket? 289: A hamper is no. It's um, about this tall most of the time, and it's round or even one side out with a lid on top of it, with some air vents in it. Interviewer: Is it like, tapered? 289: Yeah no not necessarily. {NS} Different companies make them different ways. Interviewer: Oh okay this- you're talking about a commercially made one. 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. Um. I was just curious but you know- 289: Most people in the old days I think just uh, had a big basket or a tub that they would throw them in or just sit them on the floor until they got to load. Interviewer: Okay. Alright uh, years ago when they had buggies and things, do you know what they called- 289: Whip. Interviewer: Okay. And when you buy store- uh, things at the store nowadays uh, what do you uh, what do they put it in? 289: Paper bag, basket, bag. Interviewer: Alright now, um, you know those potatoes sometimes come in fifteen-hundred pound- 289: Sacks. Interviewer: Yeah, do you know what those sacks are made out of? 289: Burlap, some of them are. Interviewer: Alright, anything else? 289: It's made of out uh Corded stuff, things, but I don't know what you call it. Interviewer: Yeah, like fertilizer sometimes is is shipped in the same kind of a bag. {NS} 289: No sack burlap. Interviewer: How about, if you had say a hundred pounds of sugar that come in a what? A real b- you know, a real big- off a ship. {NS} 289: They don't they do that in big bags? Interviewer: Okay, I just wanted to see- have you ever heard of the term like poke? 289: Yeah but I don't have {D: she's not using that much stuff} might hear about poke you have a pick and a poke. Interviewer: Yeah, just the expression. 289: Yeah. {X} Interviewer: Okay, if um. Well, you have a lamp, and uh, the thing inside the lamp- 289: Your light bulb. Interviewer: Burned out you'd have to buy a new one. And uh, did they ever have any mills around here? For grinding things? 289: Grinding coffee. Interviewer: Oh coffee mills? 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 289: #2 {X} # I think. Like they had them a few years ago. Interviewer: Did they ever have a name for um, the amount of coffee that you'd take to the mill to be ground at one time? {NS} You ever hear anybody about taking, you know, I'm going to take uh- 289: They'd say sack of beans or- I- I don't know, I don't drink coffee. Interviewer: #1 Okay, I was- maybe you ever heard your grandmother # 289: #2 {X} # No you certainly grind the coffee. {NS} Take it to the mill so can roast the beans of the coffee. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh, if- if the person had a wagon, um truck or anything, and and he was carrying things, and the last load was half full would you ever have any- hear anybody refer to that as anything special? "A half full load?" 289: No. No, uh-uh. Can't think of anything. Interviewer: Alright, what's the thing that's in- used in tops of like a good wine bottle? #1 {X} # 289: #2 Cork. # Interviewer: Okay, if you had a- another bottle that didn't have uh- that material there, you know say it had a glass, thing in it. 289: The {D: Canner?} Interviewer: #1 Yeah like- # 289: #2 But I don't know what you would call the lid. # Interviewer: Would you call it a cork? {NS} 289: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 If it was {X} with something else? # 289: Cork is a cork but then again it could because it's- as long as it's sealing it. I don't know of anything else they would call it. You have your the canners you have the tops made to fit into it. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: #1 I don't know. # Interviewer: #2 How about uh- # You know like, you had a glass t- top, or maybe it can be out of wood or something like if it's just- 289: Peg. Interviewer: Yeah, something like that. 289: Might put a peg. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call that um- there's an instrument- uh that's kind of round and shaped things you put between your teeth? 289: Uh, Jew's Harp. Interviewer: Yeah, ever- ever play many of those here? 289: No because the I think the only time- I saw them when I was real little. But I don't think I've seen one since. Interviewer: How about the other kind of instruments about that long- 289: Harmonica? Interviewer: Yeah. #1 They ever call them- # 289: #2 Mouthpieces. # Interviewer: Mouthpiece? 289: Yeah, harmonica, mouth piece, yeah. Interviewer: What else do they call them. 289: No, Jew's Harp mouth harmonica. No that's about it. Interviewer: What's the thing that you pound nails with? 289: Hammer. Interviewer: Okay And- and- did you ever see any wagons with horses or anything when you were young? {NS} Were there ever any, around? Just even for show or anything? 289: They had the Clydesdale horses down here when I was real little. You know, was it Budweiser? Interviewer: Yeah. 289: They brought them down here. I saw those. Interviewer: Would you know what- would you know what you might call a um, um- this- this- I'm going to ask you a few questions about and this is the ones I was telling you about- I didn't tell you about, I mentioned there might be some foreign- 289: #1 Yeah, okay. # Interviewer: #2 Questions. # #1 If you don't know just say you don't know and there's nothing wrong with that. # 289: #2 Okay. # Interviewer: Uh, if you have a wagon and two horses, do you know what you'd call the long wooden piece between the horses? Even if you've heard it on T.V. or something. 289: A hitch? Interviewer: Okay, how about um. Um. You know this is just the long wooden piece that comes off the front, okay. How about it if you have a buggy and one horse. Okay you have to back the horse in between two- poles- 289: The only thing I think of might be the spokes but then I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, on a wagon wheel, okay? 289: Yeah. Interviewer: The steel, um, outside part of the wagon, the very outside part that would touch the {X} you know the ground. 289: I know what it is, I mean it's a rim of some kind, made out should only supposed to be made out of metal. Something like that {D: Fort} yeah. {X} Interviewer: You ever heard of the term felly? {NS} 289: No. {NW} Interviewer: Okay, if a horse is hitched to a wagon um, you know sometimes they'll have a, you know they have a thing in between them we mentioned- 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: and then they'll have uh- a bar- of wood right in front of the horse. 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Like when the Clydesdales was here, each one had one in front of them. Those little bars, went right in front of the horse. Do you know what they call them? 289: No because I've never seen it. All I've seen is a hitch post that goes down through the center. And then the harnesses and all that kind of stuff. {NS} That hooks onto the harness, the the big choke thing they wear around their collar type thing. Interviewer: And uh. {NS} The um. {NS} Okay, now um. {NS} If a man had a load of wood in his wagon, and he was driving along, what would you say he's doing with that? {NS} 289: Moving along with his wood? Interviewer: Alright let's say he's uh- #1 Got- he takes- okay. # 289: #2 Hauling his wood? # Interviewer: I want to say, not just wood, or it could be any- 289: Well he's hauling whatever it is he's got. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh um. Suppose there was a log across the road or something out here- anything- telephone pole fell over, something like that. Uh, he might out into the jeep to tie a rope to it. 289: Haul it off, how to pull it. Interviewer: Okay, and if you- if you- pull it off you do what with it? You call that- You say I had- 289: You just haul off the telephone pole. Interviewer: Well you couldn't pick it up you'd have to- 289: You'd have to pull it. Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} And um. {NS} Uh. {NS} Saw something here I already got. The uh- {NW} Um, okay how about um. When they go out into the channel, they drop down a line to make the channel deeper what are they doing, they have to- {X} 289: Go out into the channel, drop a line they make it deeper. Interviewer: Yeah, what do you call it when they- 289: They- {NS} #1 A line? To make it deeper?- Drag line goes out and- # Interviewer: #2 Alright well, maybe they don't do that- # #1 What's a drag- # 289: #2 Fix- # Interviewer: What's a drag line do? 289: Drag line scoops down the water and lifts up the load of uh the maw or whatever, and moves it out of the way. Interviewer: Okay. 289: Well they have dredges, that's isn't a dredge, that goes out and finds the rake up, sucks up the gra- dirt through it. And they fill in land that way {X} how they made the beaches. Interviewer: Okay. Alright well now, if uh, you had a drag line- {NS} If you had a drag line. {NW} And- I wasn't expecting that at all. {NW} 289: {D: Wait}. And I hung out the clothes on the line. Ah! Okay. Interviewer: {D: Have you been um}. Someone mentioned the other day you've been expecting some- you've been needing some rain. Probably good that you got it. 289: Yeah we could use it, then we won't have to water the grass. Interviewer: Yeah. How about, uh now, I want to talk about drag, if you did it yesterday you'd say- I- #1 Well say- # 289: #2 Drug. # Interviewer: {X} 289: Drug. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you might say uh, "We have blank quite a few uh stumps out of here." 289: We have dragged. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, some of these getting principle parts 289: What kind of subjects do you teach? I hope it's not English. Interviewer: Why? 289: Because I'm going to be in a heck of a fix. Interviewer: Well don't worry- no I'm not, again I'm not worried about that. #1 You ought to hear- well you know how I talk. Oh no. # 289: #2 Yeah but just like, I sure as heck don't want to go down to that area to teach. # Interviewer: As a matter of fact I've already applied. 289: Oh my heaven. Interviewer: {NW} No. I really like it here. If I had, somebody offer me a job teaching down here {X}. 289: {NW} Interviewer: {X} {NW} Because no, I'm not uh, worried at all- My family is from Kentucky. 289: Well let's put it this way, considering when I was in school and we had English, and the way it was taught, and the way they're doing it nowadays, We know more than what the uh- ones know now and they should know more than us. Interviewer: Does the language change, do you think the language has changed most here? 289: I think the teachers have become uh, disinterested in their jobs. And I- Their kids are not as well prepared For, the next grade, or for college. When I was in ni- Ever since I was in s- Elemen- I mean- yeah so, my third or fourth grade, we had to read books, read poets, and sh- when I got in seventh or eighth grade it was a lot of literature. Ninth grade Shakespeare. I had Shakespeare ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth grades. And I think the teachers just going on just uh. {NS} When had to learn spelling words we had to learn- how to spell them, where you put the pronunciation, you know marks on them, how to uh- What- a definition of the word you had to write, and how to use it in a sentence, nowadays, huh, you'll be learning how to spell the word I guess the teacher thought you done good. Interviewer: Hmm. How about- now, as I said, you had a chance to, you know, more or less see how you know, your grandmother and your father and your speech patterns, and because and the people in the area community. You think that uh, the language has changed for the most here? Or has it stayed pretty much the same as it different terms in your generation? 289: Well now they get onto that uh thing- now that {D: Dynamite} um you know, T.V. and uh- I think the most ones makes the most influence in their speaking is the television. Because I mean, I've always watched T.V. ever since we got it, and I've learned more from watching it than what maybe my sister has learned. {NS} She's fourteen years younger, than what I am. {NS} And I- you think- see when I was going to school, we used to have a Bible class once a week, if you wanted to go it was your pr- you know, you could go. And we had music. We had what they call music appreciation where you can learn all types of music and how to, you know- Like my family, I would be the one, out of the three of us, that would go to a concert, regardless to whether it was Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff, or if it was a ballet or an opera. My brother my brother, forget it. My sister, eh maybe. But see I always learned, and I had music all through school. Interviewer: Hmm. 289: Whereas they hadn't. Interviewer: They uh. {NS} Well- what I was thinking about too, is well now that- you mentioned that the other day too that um, like your brother and your sister talked, you know had different- 289: When- each- they say the first born in the family has the true Conch accent, it's supposed to be broad O's and broad A's, in their words. Whereas the second from then on don't have it. Interviewer: Are you the first? 289: I'm the first born. Interviewer: The um. I was just curious about that because um. Why is that because of um- 289: I couldn't tell you, I really don't know. Interviewer: Tradition or something? Who says that? {NW} 289: The old Conches will say it. Like, when I answer the phone, sometimes they'll think I'm my mother. But they'll definitely know I'm not my sister. And even if I tried to pretend you know to answer like she does, they can still say I'm not Elizabeth. {NS} But see she's been um. She's lived in Cal- she's mar- she lived in California, she lived in Fort Lauderdale. {NS} And all, so she's gotten in with more accents from you know around than what I have. {NS} Because they used to tease me when I was growing up at saying certain words, and I've worked on those words so I try not to say them. Properly. Interviewer: What's that? 289: Cigarette. {NS} {D: Aludamin}, I still say that wrong. And home. They'd say, "what are you saying," I'd have to say "H-O-M-E home." Interviewer: Oh. Now then wh- what was wrong with "cigarette?" 289: They'd say I didn't pronounce it right. Interviewer: Well how'd you say it? 289: Cigarette. Interviewer: Hmm. What about the other one, the big ones they used to make here? 289: Cigars. Interviewer: Yeah, they still make those here? 289: They used to but them- they've uh- He's not there anymore. Right down here on this next block on that corner. One facing this way, they used to be- they used to make their hand- own um Key West hand-rolled cigars. I don't know what's happened. Interviewer: He's- He's not doing it anymore. 289: Hasn't been doing it for a couple of months. And they used to sell and they used to go all over United States and foreign countries those cigars. Interviewer: {X} 289: I don't know. I know they painting up the place but they moved everything out of it and they painting it up and everything. Interviewer: Maybe some younger people will go now. 289: There's a lot of hippies that's taking over. Interviewer: Really? I've been seeing a lot of people walking around streets, you know, at night. 289: Well I tell you, the old Key West people do not go down there {D: on Duvall} street anymore. Interviewer: Really? 289: They've let um. See when Miami- when the hippies came in, Now I mean there's good and bad in all of them, okay but with Miami, if they saw they was going to do nothing they said, There's the county line you got exactly twenty four hours to get out of it so they come down here. So they'll take a job and do it for less money, just to get- maybe buy a meal whereas the people that's been here aren't making it. Interviewer: {NW} 289: Now there's some of them that buy houses and fix them up, but they the ones that's got money and their parents just giving them money saying, you know, go we don't want you. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: So. Interviewer: And there's quite a few students it looks like, you know? 289: Yeah. But my god {NW} the odors. Interviewer: From, oh the- 289: I think they forget how to use the bathroom with a bar of soap. {NS} Interviewer: Well that's not {X}- the house next to you is just condemned, there's no one living- 289: Condemned. There's someone living in there that's not supposed to be living. Interviewer: #1 Oh is that what your- is that what you're referring to, the reason why it smelled? # 289: #2 Yeah. Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Are they um, hippies? 289: No, it's one old man. Cripple. He's lived there- As long as I could ever remember. {NS} Interviewer: Okay, one other thing if a man had a sore throat and says- uh throat was all swollen and he was trying to eat a piece of meat, say he couldn't- 289: Swallow. Interviewer: Say I couldn't swallow- Uh. 289: Throat was raw, couldn't swallow it. Interviewer: Um. Okay it's uh, exactly twelve. 289: Let me go see if they can come {X} {C: Reel cuts off here} Interviewer: {NW} I don't think we ever will. 289: No. {NW} Interviewer: Um. {NS} Um. {NW} {NS} I been jumping around so much getting hard to keep up here now. {NS} {NS} Um, the uh. {NS} {NW} How about uh, what did people- around did the people ever have to uh- what'd they ever use around here to um, have for, you know, fires. I mean did they ever have anything in their house for heat? {NS} 289: Um we used to have kerosene stoves, gas- you know, kerosene stoves. I don't think any- no h- I don't think any house in Key West has ever really had a fireplace. Interviewer: Oh yeah, have you ever seen a fireplace around here? At all? 289: Key West no. Interviewer: Okay have you- 289: Had wood stoves now. But I've never seen one, but I know they've had them. Interviewer: Do they- do they sell wood around here? {NS} 289: Not the kind for stoves no. Or for fireplaces no, uh-uh. Interviewer: Do you know um- uh do you know much about fireplaces? Ever been around? {NS} 289: I've used one once. but that's about it. Interviewer: Okay- 289: Then they have a chimney and they have that, what's it stoke up in there they have to open up?- No the- draft? It's something in it you have to open up to make sure it has the right ventilation. Going up. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh- do you know what they call the thing that you lay the wood on? Those metal arms? 289: Grate? I guess you call it grate. #1 Metal- # Interviewer: #2 {X} inside? # 289: No. I know what they look like and all. Interviewer: How about the hard space out in front on the floor, you know, right in front of it? {NS} 289: Nope. {NS} I'm sure I've heard it called something from movies and T.V. but- Interviewer: On the front of an old fashioned stove you ever heard anything? 289: No. Interviewer: Home is where the- 289: Ha- oh the hearth- hearth hearth Should it- H A R Interviewer: How did you say it? 289: Is it hearth? Hearth? Something like that. Interviewer: Okay. 289: {D: You got to certainly know what it is} Interviewer: Whatever you heard. How about the shelf that's above it? 289: Mantle piece. Interviewer: And uh. What do you call the- the- you know if you got a piece of wood about that long- what- what do you call what do you burn in it first? what- what- 289: Burn logs and you're supposed to have- what is it you have paper, then some what wood chips down there or very thin wood or something or other, to get it started, to get the logs going. Because I know you can't set fire to the logs straight off unless you soak them in something. And I don't think you do that. Because you'd smell the house up. Interviewer: Okay, how about uh, what do you call the uh, the black stuff that forms inside the chimney? 289: Soot. Interviewer: Okay. And the other stuff that forms underneath the uh- 289: Ashes. Interviewer: {X} Okay, how about um. {NS} {NS} Speaking of um. {NS} Alright, some- you know like- you know you say you have a s- story and a half but some houses have like two stories and above they- 289: Attic. Interviewer: Okay. They have that, end then um. The uh some- some houses have a little room that's off the kitchen you- now you have one too but some of them's just a little room that you walk in like a locker of some kind of where you put the canned goods? 289: Utility room, most people call them. Interviewer: Yeah, would you ever have just a little room where you might have stored canned goods or something? 289: I know what you're talking about but I think that they have that up north- northern part, I don't know. Interviewer: No one around here that you know of- 289: Store house, a store room. Interviewer: Pantry or- 289: Pantry. Yeah, cellars. {X} Interviewer: So that's a northern right? 289: Yeah that's not here. Interviewer: And no one that you know of here has a pantry. 289: Not that I've heard it called pantry, no not in a long time. I mean you hear it from other w- places. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, when speaking of daily house work you might say after breakfast or something women would do what? {NS} 289: What after breakfast you wash the dishes. Make up the bed. Do the wash. Sweep the house. Interviewer: Okay. You might say uh. Um, yeah- well what would you call you know if you were sweeping the floor what would you, be doing? 289: Sweeping? Interviewer: Okay. And uh, what do you call the thing that you do, you know- 289: Mop? Interviewer: Alright, and the one that you sweep the floor with. 289: Broom. Interviewer: Okay. And uh, years ago, on Monday, you said they did the washing- they used to do the washing and then 289: Ironing. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} On Monday. If- if uh- 289: Not anymore you don't. {NW} Interviewer: If uh- if a door was open and you didn't want it that way what would you tell somebody to do? 289: Close the door. Shut the door. Interviewer: Okay, and uh. How do you say, do you know uh- along- along the roof uh those- 289: The gutter? Interviewer: Yeah that runs the water off, is that what you call it? 289: Gutter, the alley. Interviewer: And what's the alley called 289: The drain. {NS} Most people call it the gutters. Interviewer: Okay, what's now- what- do you call it an alley? 289: You can call it an alley. Interviewer: Now what- how- you know on a house that's got an L shape, you know? You know it's not just a box but it's kind of L shaped, okay? 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 And you know where the roof- the roof comes together right there? # 289: #2 Joins together. # Interviewer: Yeah wh- would you have a name for that? Where the roof comes together? {NS} 289: Not as far as I know, it's the roof- the roof. Interviewer: Okay. How about um. Uh. If uh- uh. If you were doing some carpenting, you know- {NS} {C: Knocking at the door} {NS} {C: Reel seems to skip, 289 speaks but is {X} } {X} Not- now- um- I always uh- think that I don't sound, the way I sound. 289: Yeah but with me I sound worse than what I think I sound. {NW} Interviewer: How about uh what do you- now when you have a nail and a hammer what do you call when you're doing that. 289: Hammering. Interviewer: Alright what you call- wh- when you take a nail put in- #1 Punch it- # 289: #2 Pound it into the- # Interviewer: #1 Okay you- # 289: #2 Just called hammering. # Interviewer: #1 Okay- # 289: #2 Nail- nail into the wall. # Interviewer: Okay. And if your ah- if you're in a car and you're doing that- 289: Driving. Interviewer: Okay. If you did it yesterday you say I. 289: I drove yesterday. Interviewer: And you uh, you might say that um, um. Last week uh- George had- Talking about driving. George had, five hundred miles. 289: George had to drive five hundred. Interviewer: #1 Or just using the past. # 289: #2 Or drove five hundred. # Interviewer: Alright but he had- 289: Driven. Interviewer: Okay. And um. Now what do you call a little building, behind the house you use for storing wood or tools or something? 289: Garage. Interviewer: Okay any other names for little- 289: Store room, um. {NS} There's another name for it too. {NS} Can't think of it. Interviewer: Okay, uh, we knew that the- somebody was at the door because we- 289: Heard the knocking. Interviewer: Okay. And uh. Um. If you say uh, you might say and still talking about the word heard, um, if it happens again we will- 289: Will hear. Interviewer: Yeah. And um. Um. {NS} You might say I have uh- I have- 289: Heard. Interviewer: If you ask a person uh- or if I ask if you if you know a person, {X}, um, you might s- uh you might say no, but I- 289: Know of him. Or uh- heard of him. Interviewer: Okay, and um. If a friend- if a friend came back to town, and you and another friend have been visiting, with 'em uh, you might be asked uh, "haven't you seen him yet?" and you might say, "No I-" 289: Haven't. Interviewer: Okay. And you might be asked, "Has your brother seen him yet?" and uh, again you might answer no- 289: Uh- No he ha- no he hasn't. Interviewer: Okay. 289: He hasn't. Interviewer: Alright, uh. {NS} If you've been trying to make up your mind about something uh, would you say "I've been-" uh, you know, what would you say- how would you say- "I've been-" 289: Thinking about it. Interviewer: Okay, and um. {NS} Uh. {NS} If someone uh. {NS} How about- what's some buildings you might find on a farm? 289: #1 The barn. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 Oh again? # 289: #2 Barn. # Interviewer: Okay. 289: What else? You have a house. You have the storage room or store bin. You make have a smoke- smoke house you might have on a farm if they have some cattle for their own use Houses, we've got barn. What kind of barn- stables, you might call it. That's all I can think of. House, barn, stables. {NS} Uh, store room. Interviewer: How about a place they might- a place they might store corn, what do they call that? {NS} 289: They call it a bin. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh- a store that they might store grain? 289: It's one of those big tall things, what is it a silo? They call it a silo? Interviewer: Okay, uh yeah um, for some places. 289: Yeah. Interviewer: You ever- uh how about- you ever heard of a, like a place not- where they store it but where they process it? 289: Mill? Interviewer: You know like, where they store it before they ship- ship it off to Russia. 289: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 289: No. What a store room, bins, grain- um, silos. Interviewer: What was the other one you {D: told me you said}- 289: Bins? Interviewer: You told me- you said something that started out with a grain. 289: Grain. Store room. Bins. Silos. {NS} Sacks they- don't they- didn't they put it- no they don't. They load them in those- darn trains uh loose, at least what pictures I've seen. Interviewer: Okay. You ever heard a term like grain- #1 Granary # 289: #2 Gran- Granary? Yeah. # That's where they goes to process it. The granary. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, do you know what the upper part of a barn is called? #1 # 289: #2 # Interviewer: #1 You know, where they put the- # 289: #2 Yeah. # Hayloft. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 289: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Okay, and- and you might say that if too much hay has been gathered to get into the barn uh, you know how they keep it outside? 289: They- um- They stack it in um- {NW} big tall things. Interviewer: So you call that a- 289: Hay stack. Interviewer: Okay, and uh do you know uh- again if you don't you know, don't worry about it, um, if you know tell me. {NW} When you- when they first cut hay do you know what they do with it? {NS} 289: I've seen the machines when they cut the hay, it goes through the machines, they turn it into bales. Interviewer: Okay. 289: And they may leave it out on the ground to what, dry out. {D: Right?} Interviewer: Do you know what they- do you know if they- if there's any names for small piles of hay raked up in a field? 289: Other than a hay um loft- no hay, stack that's all I know. Interviewer: Okay. How about um- Where would a person keep the cows? Like when they had the dairy here {D: where would they}- {NS} 289: Cows are kept out in the pasture. Interviewer: Okay, what if they want to get them in- in the shelter? 289: They bring them into the barns. Interviewer: Okay, but do they ever have any- okay. You ever call them anything special? That you know of? Was the dairy here while you were young? 289: I remember people talking about it and I remember seeing the bottles but I don't remember seeing the cows. Interviewer: Okay. 289: I don't know, you just- take- take them out the pasture. Bring 'em in, milk 'em. Turn 'em loose again. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, uh, besides the barn did you ever hear of any special place where they might milk cows outside? 289: {NS} No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, do you know where they keep hogs and uh, pigs? 289: Keep them in a pen. {NS} Interviewer: Okay. Um- {NW} {NS} Was- is that a shelter or is it open? That you uh- 289: A pen for pigs? Generally it's open to let them slop around the mud and feed them uh lots of slop they feed them. Interviewer: Out of- out of what, {X}- 289: Anything that's left over they're supposed to give them. Interviewer: Okay, but they used to- the thing- you know they carry it out in a slop what? 289: Slop bucket. Interviewer: Okay. And uh- {NW} And uh, then they put the- they put the slop in one of those long- 289: Troughs. Interviewer: Okay. And one would be a what? 289: Trough. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Um. {NS} {X} {C: can't hear what he's saying because of the papers turning/flapping} The um. The um. {NS} 289: You going to find out not all Key Westers are so stupid, from watching T.V. Interviewer: Well that's- that's alright, that's what I'm- here to find out. How about uh- um. What type of a uh, um. {NS} {X} Oh what do you call the place around the barn, where the animals might run loose? 289: Barnyard. Interviewer: Okay, and uh do you know anything at all about cotton? 289: I know it grows in the tree and they pick it off, take it through a cotton gin, that's about it, Interviewer: #1 Do you know what they call- # 289: #2 the seeds- # Interviewer: Do you know what they call the grass that grows up in the cotton fields and what they do with it when they don't what it? 289: They hoe it up- hoe it. Interviewer: Okay, you know what cotton grows in? {NS} 289: You know it grows it grows on a, bush. Interviewer: No, what- the area that it's grown in is called a- 289: Cotton patch, cotton field, cotton- Plantation? Interviewer: Okay. And what kind of fences did you have around here? 289: Picket fence. Interviewer: Okay, what they look like? 289: It's generally um, wooden fence, with the tops of them cut, you know like a triangle, you know pointed thing. Interviewer: Okay. And um, the uh. Were there- excuse me where there every any other kind of- fence where the- #1 Where the {X} horizontal, you know? # 289: #2 {D: Mimics} # {D: They'll even fix uh}- the post like they do out on um what is it ranches and they run wire, or they run the boards um cross-wise instead of length- Interviewer: #1 Do you know what they call them? # 289: #2 Yeah up- # {NS} What, spoke fence, wire fence, barb wire. {NS} Nope it's just a fence, just made the wood just put different ways. Interviewer: Okay you ever see any fences that, you know like they have up north, they lay that way looking down from the top? 289: Yeah but I don't know what you call them unless you call them zig-zag. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh, any fences made out of stone, did they ever have any around here? 289: Brick fence, block fence, cement fence, no. Interviewer: That they had them you know- like you know- like you know the rocks {X}. 289: They- they take some of these old um. Coral rocks now and they making things- fences with that. They'll put it there and put some cement let it dry and keep building it up. Interviewer: #1 But if you saw a- # 289: #2 But they call it a rock fence or, a # coral fence. Interviewer: Okay. And you said uh, um, the thing that they dig the hole and um- 289: Put the post in? Interviewer: Yeah and three or four of them would be- 289: Post? Interviewer: Okay. #1 And uh- # 289: #2 Yard post. # Interviewer: You said you had chickens did- were the chickens for eating or were they for eggs? Did you use them for anything? 289: The stupid things didn't know what they were supposed to do, they were for our pets. More or less. Interviewer: Oh. 289: We've never had a chicken lay an egg. Interviewer: Oh. #1 Maybe they were all male- # 289: #2 And we never killed them for our own selves. # We'd give them to somebody, you know. After we didn't want them. Interviewer: How about uh, Do you know uh, you know anybody that raised chickens for- to have for eggs? 289: {NS} Yeah lady next door when I was little they used to have some chickens. Let's put it this way, chicken is one of my favorite food, so I might raise it for- for a pet. But I would not kill it. I would not go out and takes its egg and use it. In fact, I won't even touch it. Interviewer: Mm. 289: And I won't touch a duck either. Interviewer: #1 {X}- when they're alive. # 289: #2 And I won't touch a turkey either. # Yeah I mean, I'll eat you know, fried chicken or turkey and things like that but I will not touch the animal while it's alive. Interviewer: Okay. 289: I couldn't raise any animal, period, to kill it, to eat it. I'd go without eating. Interviewer: If you had uh- a real nice tea set, you'd say it be made out of what? 289: China. Interviewer: Okay. You ever heard of uh, like you know the reason why I ask this is- you know chickens, this China doesn't seem to have any connection at all? Uh they used to have a- When- like- when you want to make a hen start laying, they used to have a little false egg. 289: The dip? Interviewer: That was white, you know they put it in there it would fool her, she'd sit there and she'd start sitting on that then she'd lay a few more. Do you know what they used to call that egg? 289: Nope. I've never even heard of them doing it. Interviewer: Oh okay. 289: I've heard now they think what um- putting lights in the chicken coops so that they'll think it's daylight and make more eggs. And they suppsoed to put um, music in the um, milkshed- when they making- milking the cows, to make them more content. So give their- I guess give their milk more freely. {NS} Interviewer: I guess that's why they got music in office buildings. 289: Y- It's proven you can work better with music. I can work better and faster with it. Interviewer: Hm, I guess that soothes your, nerves. Okay. Right, what would you use to carry water in? 289: Pail. Bucket. Interviewer: Is there a difference between a pail and a bucket in your mind? 289: No, same thing. Interviewer: Um. How about um, wh- what would a bucket be made out of- wh- what it made out of now? 289: Uh metal or tin. You know aluminum- steel. Interviewer: Okay. 289: I don't know what they make them out of. Interviewer: Did you ever see any uh, old ones that were made out of anything else? 289: Wood. Interviewer: Do you know that- what kind of wood they might be made out of? {NS} 289: No. {NS} Interviewer: Okay, um. {NS} The um. {NS} Seventeen Twenty, trying to keep track- {D: I need to keep track} {X} The um.{NS} Okay, um. You- now we talked about dragging before we, stopped the tape the first time. That's where we, you know we- 289: Drag? Interviewer: You know we were talking about uh- 289: Oh drag lines? Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Cranes. Interviewer: Right. Now you might say uh- Uh, now okay that was the last thing we talked about at that point. So, we'll pick up here. {NS} Okay do you know what the farmers do to the ground the first thing in the spring in order to get it ready? 289: I suppose they'll plow it. Interviewer: Okay, do you know what they call the- the next thing they do to make it finer? {NS} 289: I learned it in school. What is it, fallow? No fallow is when they leave the land, what, empty? To let it- I know they plow it up and if they're smart they put some fertilizer in it. And they may grow- if they don't use the land they may grow something in it that won't- they'll benefit- the land will benefit from it, but I don't know what it's called, fallow. Interviewer: Okay, you ever- Uh- 289: Turn the soil over. Interviewer: Yeah you remember call it harrow? 289: I don't think so. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh, and you know what the- the wagon wheel was put onto a- 289: The stokes? Interviewer: #1 The stokes? # 289: #2 Yeah after the- # yeah stoke, the thing that sticks out Interviewer: Oh that? #1 Alright how about uh- # 289: #2 Chassis? # Axel? Okay Interviewer: #1 How now uh- the uh- the frame the carpenters use that looks like that what do you call it? # 289: #2 Saw horse. # Interviewer: Okay. And then there's another one that looks like this they use for cutting up logs. Do you know what they, call that? 289: That'll be a sawhorse, of some type I don't know what. Interviewer: How about uh um, in um. You- know in a barber shop I don't know if you're familiar with that at all but you know barber shop they have a leather, thing- 289: Strap. Interviewer: #1 Yeah they- # 289: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Call that to sharpen razors. And uh, there's two ways to straighten your hair: you can comb it or you can- 289: Brush it Interviewer: Okay. And um. Do you know what you call one round that you might put in a revolver? 289: Just a bullet. One round um. One load? Interviewer: Yeah, yeah- a bullet, what's another sort of another, word for bullet? {NS} 289: Bullet. {NS} It's a bullet, period. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh- uh you ever- like cart- uh. {NS} You ever heard of the term like uh cart- cart- uh, starting off of the sound cart- I'm not going to give you the whole word. Cart- ? 289: What in, pertaining to a bullet? Interviewer: Yeah. 289: {NS} Interviewer: Cartr- 289: Cartridge. Interviewer: Okay. And uh. 289: That's for a rifle when I think of a cartridge. But then I {X} think of rifles either. Interviewer: Oh, do- very many people around here own guns? 289: I don't know but you go up into- Ta- Tampa and I'll guarantee you- go to my Uncle's house and you'll find all you need. Interviewer: He likes- does he collect them or just- ? 289: Well he's had a lot of trouble up that area a while back with racial things. {NS} So he got his self- between him and his sons they got enough guns to start an army I think. Interviewer: {X} {NW} How about uh- okay, now when you were young, uh. A board that you crossed a sawhorse. 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Kid gets on one end and the other end- 289: See-saw. Interviewer: Okay. Now if two kids are doing it you'd say they are- 289: See-sawing. Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever see a board or plank that would be attached, um, to like stump or another post in the middle where it would go around? 289: Merry-go-round? Interviewer: Yeah where one kid gets on one side- you know it's like a see-saw and it goes around. 289: I've never seen that though. Interviewer: Yeah that you would- you would- if you saw one- 289: It'd still be, if it's going around, it's a merry-go-round of some kind. Interviewer: Okay, how about if there was uh, a board that would be attached, um- It's a little plank like and it's attached at both ends. You know, to something solid, off the ground a little bit, and the kid can get in the middle like a trampoline and can go up and down on it, you ever seen one of those? 289: No. Interviewer: Okay, um. The um. 289: Oh do you mean a balancing bar? Interviewer: No what's- no what's that? #1 Like in gym- ? # 289: #2 Like you'd see in gymnastics. # Interviewer: No this one is lumber. This one moved, jumping up and down is like a trampoline. 289: No I've never seen one of those. Interviewer: Okay what- what about having a tree with two ropes coming down and a board? 289: Swing. Interviewer: Okay. And uh, do they- do you know if anybody around here ever used coal? In their house for heat or anything to cook on or anything? 289: Not as far as I know of. I mean I'm sure they did but I don't remember. Interviewer: Do you know what they might carry it in? In the house you have that little- 289: Think it has a- looks like a pail of some kind, where one side of it's you know scooped like this so like you can scoop it up into the pail easier. Interviewer: Okay. And if you had a woodstove, what would be the thing that runs from the stove, #1 To the chimney. # 289: #2 To the chimney? # Interviewer: To the chimney yeah. 289: I don't know what that's called. Stoke- no. Interviewer: What would you call it? 289: They can't call it a stoke. Chimney pipe, the round thing that goes up into the stove to go out and fit the- Interviewer: Yeah? 289: I don't know. I know what you're talking about but I don't know. Interviewer: You- alright. How about um, uh. {NS} Well alright um, let's see. {X}. How about uh, did you start calling a stove what- ? 289: Stove pipe. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: That thing. Interviewer: Okay, you ever heard of uh- you know what a flue is? 289: I've heard of but not- Just used in movies and things. Interviewer: How about a small vehicle that you use to carry bricks or other heavy things that has one wheel in the front and two handles in the back? 289: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Okay. And how about a portable sharpening stone uh that you could use- you can sharpen machetes with it and- 289: It's a butcher's stone. Or um, {NW}- Uh, we've got one too, but I don't know what it's called- flintstone? No. You just call it a sharpener really. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh- uh one that's a big wheel that someone might- 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Crank and- and do big things like hoes and shovels. 289: I know what you mean, but I don't- sharpening- no not sharpening block Interviewer: The sharpening stone fixed on a stand- 289: Yeah and it wheels around, let's you push the pedal. No I can't think of the name for it. Interviewer: Like gri- 289: Gri- Grindstone? Interviewer: Okay. How about uh, say, if you- now you mentioned talking about greasing pans, if you got your hands were all greased, you'd say you were- 289: I was greasy. Interviewer: Okay. And uh, uh, what's the- what's the thing that you put in the, in your automobile? The stuff- 289: Gasoline? Gas? Interviewer: And? 289: Oil. Interviewer: Okay, and uh. Have you ever made a make-shift lamp out of uh- uh- a rag or a bottle or a can you know where you just have, a rag sticking out- like you might just be out fishing or something and, just make a lamp. 289: I was thinking of a molotov cocktail there no. Interviewer: This is with like kerosene or oil or something? 289: No, never Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard the word flambeau 289: Yeah but I always think of it as uh- flambeau is um- {NS} Ice cream they put uh, liquor on it or strawberries on it, with liquor and they put a match to it, let it go up. Interviewer: Okay. How about, what- what- what they use- 289: Flambe. That's not flambe? Flambeau? I had it once because I had it at the Fontainebleau but. {NS} It was um- {NS} Strawberry or Romanov. Flambeau, flambe. I guess it's all kind of how you pronounce it. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: But I know it was ice cream's with it, and liquor. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh, I always just- the only thing I've ever had like that was Cherry's Jubilee- 289: That's it {NW}, Cherry's Jubilee. Interviewer: {NW} 289: Because I had the cherries and my cousin had the strawberry. Hers was- ice cream with strawberries and liquor, but mine was the cherry's jubilee and they came and they- Interviewer: {NW} 289: Didn't like it. Interviewer: Okay, how about uh. Um, what was the inner- the inside of a- of a, uh- Alright, uh tooth- toothpaste comes in a- 289: Tube. Interviewer: Okay. And, uh. The uh, if you just build a boat and you're about to put it in the water you say you're going to- 289: Launch it. Interviewer: Okay, and what kind of a- what kind of a small boat with oars or something like that would you- 289: Dinghy. Interviewer: Dinghy? How about- how about if it was on a fresh-water lake would you call it a dinghy? 289: If it's that small it's a dinghy. Interviewer: How about if it's uh- Okay, how about um. 289: Or a skiff. #1 Some people call it a skiff. # Interviewer: #2 Does it have a flat or round bottom? # Or both? 289: Comes to the you know like that uh, roll V type thing, it's not completely round but it's like that. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use a flat bottom, around here? Would it be too dangerous or what? 289: Well, there's people that have taken that, type, in the bottom and put the flat into it you know, but- I wouldn't use a flat bottom. Interviewer: Okay. How about um. {NS} If a child uh, has just learned to dress himself, and the mother might bring in the clothes and say- And hand them to him and say- 289: Put 'em on. Interviewer: Alright {D: and now we're just doing}- hands it to him and says- 289: Here they are {NW} Interviewer: Or might say- what else would she say? I'm just going to go off- 289: I don't know, Get dressed. Interviewer: Alright. 289: Here's your clothes. Interviewer: Alright, and um. {NS} Okay if a woman wants to uh um- Well what do you wear in the kitchen to keep from getting- 289: Apron. Interviewer: Alright. And uh. How about uh, if a woman wants to buy a dress of a certain color she might take along a little square clothe to use as a- 289: swatch 289: One minute they're speaking English then they'll switch to Spanish. Interviewer: Um okay I uh um Yeah uh what I will probably do is I will go back and review all this and check off all the things that you've already said earlier and uh you know try and make sure that I got a you know a complete-- I usually try to get a complete thing if I can. And if it's at all possible 289: yeah Interviewer: uh would uh could you know would you be wanting to try to finish this up tonight? If uh you're here 289: Yeah we'll see as long as you come in after six. Interviewer: yeah well I can {X} 289: When it slows down you know? Interviewer: Yeah I can come any time. 289: Yeah Interviewer: 'Cause uh you were the only person I was going to interview today. Unless a Mr. uh Hicks decides but he's gonna he said he has a moose meeting he's going to 289: {NW} Interviewer: or elks or something 289: You see at nighttime on Thursdays it's kind of slow. Interviewer: Yeah. It's just that- 289: And there is one there is one two there is three of us here. tonight Interviewer: Okay. Well then you would- 289: Then I can get away for a little while. Interviewer: Yeah okay well uh I just wanted to uh I'm going to try and get a complete interview if possible. And I know it's Because I-I-I didn't- I wasn't able to get one from Mr. uh Sawyer because I didn't want you know he's old so uh I didn't want to 289: yeah Interviewer: a lot of these questions are he-he got kind of irritated 289: {NW} {X} If you don't know him Interviewer: Right right. but he you know he didn't understand the gist 289: Yep Interviewer: And uh Mr. Hicks I still have to finish. I'm not even I'm not actually certain I'll be able to finish uh depending on what his attitude is. I got about fifty percent of it. 289: {NW} Interviewer: I got uh little over two hours I think so uh okay 289: You getting it with me Interviewer: Yeah. Um I mean Tonight we can definitely finish it and we should be fine. If uh alright uh let's see If if if a wo- if if you see see going to see a pretty dress that you like you might say that's a very 289: pretty dress. Interviewer: Okay and if you see another one that you like even better you say that's even 289: prettier. Interviewer: Okay. And uh uh How 'bout uh again a woman wants to buy a dress of a certain color and she takes a long uh a little square of cloth that you 289: It's a swatch. A swatch of cloth. Interviewer: Okay. And a swatch of cloth is uh what? 289: Just a small little piece to try and match the colors Interviewer: okay uh Okay. The um Let me see. Like um you ever watch {D: evo?} 289: mm-hmm Interviewer: What's that guy's name? Junior 289: Samples. Interviewer: Okay would you ever call a swatch a 289: A sample of material Interviewer: Okay. Uh the uh Ah. And what is this? 289: Pen. Interviewer: Okay and uh the thing that they put on uh diapers are attached with 289: Pin Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you have two- if you have one nickel you've got five cents. If you've got two nickels you have 289: A dime. Interviewer: Or? 289: Ten cents. Interviewer: Okay. And uh In the wintertime sometimes you have to put on 289: {NW} Overcoat. Interviewer: Okay. How 'bout uh if-if-if-if somebody came in and said uh uh and ripped off some buttons. Gave you the button and gave you the coat and said would you 289: Sew them on? Interviewer: Okay. and um What uh wh -wh- what's a What would a man wear to church? {NS} 289: Suit. Interviewer: Okay what uh wh- what would it be made out of? 289: Okay {NS} You have your pants shirt tie coat. Interviewer: Okay how about uh that thing that they might wear between um the coat and uh the shirt 289: Undershirt T-shirt. Interviewer: No between the coat and the shirt. 289: Oh coat Coat and the shirt Interviewer: Yeah they might- 289: the line of it? Interviewer: Well they might hang on it's a little thing sometimes it has buttons and buttons this way. They used to wear 289: Vest Interviewer: okay and uh what's another what's some more terms for the coat? 289: Jacket sports coat coat. Interviewer: How about some names for uh- you mentioned pants {X} 289: Pants slacks jeans dungarees But they wouldn't wear that to church. Interviewer: Well you mention jeans and dungarees uh they say when you buy Levi's you should buy them a size larger because they'll 289: shrink after you wash them. Interviewer: really? And uh And what other type of the The man's denim has the straps? you know the 289: coveralls Interviewer: Okay. You ever uh call them anything else? 289: No um coveralls Overalls. Interviewer: Okay. How about um You might say that coat won't fit this year but last year it 289: {NW} fit. Interviewer: Perfectly. Okay uh And uh i-if-if your uh Sunday clothes wore out you'd have to buy a I'm talking about a 289: new Interviewer: yeah uh talking about a man uh your Sunday clothes wore out you'd have to buy a 289: New suit. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if a person stuffs a lot of things in his pockets it makes them 289: full. {NW} stuffs 'em. Interviewer: keep stuffing- stuffing the pockets. 289: They gonna overflow pretty soon. Interviewer: okay 289: Jam full jam his pockets full. Interviewer: Okay. But uh uh you might say they're 289: Stuffed them Interviewer: No. The pockets are Bul- gonna say it makes the pockets bul- 289: Bulgy {NW} Interviewer: Alright alright 289: Bulge. Interviewer: Okay. And uh How about uh a young wo- a young lady a dresses in front of the mirror for long lengths of time you know and messes with her hair and puts on 289: Primps Interviewer: Okay. And uh that kind of {X} 289: No Just making ourselves I call it making themselves body beautiful. Interviewer: Body beautiful? Okay. 289: Or your putting on your warpaint. Interviewer: that's somebody else said that too. um what would you call a small leather container with a clasp on it that uh some uh well women carry it you know 289: what wallets? Interviewer: No this is- what-what about the one around your 289: Purse? Interviewer: okay uh how about the one for coins that some men carry around? You ever heard that? 289: They call it a coin purse. Interviewer: okay 289: purse Interviewer: Okay and how about not a watch but a um what do you c- what's something that you can wear around a wrist? 289: Bracelet? Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you had some um {NW} little round things that could be made out of beads er um {NS} not uh alright, yeah. Could be metal piece of wood. uh round you know and they were all put together on a piece of string, if you had and you put it around your neck you'd have a 289: necklace. Interviewer: Alright. And what's another way you could refer to that? 289: Chain {NS} Interviewer: Alright 289: necklace. Interviewer: You know, like imitation pearls or something. 289: It- I'd just call it a pearl neckla- a pearl necklace. Or pearls. Call it putting their pearls on. Interviewer: Okay. uh Okay if you had them they're all wooden. you know those little round things. What would you call those? You'd say these are my- this is 289: To me it's a necklace. If it goes around your throat it's a you know necklace. Interviewer: Okay. And what do you hold over you when it rains? 289: {NW} Umbrella. Interviewer: And um what is it that older men use to hold up their pants? 289: Suspenders. Interviewer: Anything else? that you use to call it? 289: {NW} Nope. Not as far as suspenders that's it. Interviewer: Okay. How about- what is the last thing that you put on a bed? 289: {NW} The last th- Interviewer: {NW} When you make it though. 289: When I make it that would be either the bedspread or the spread. {NW} the d- um what is it the quilt. If it's collared just might put the quilt on it straighten up- the- get ready to get back in it Interviewer: Okay. And what's the thing you lay your head on? 289: Pillow. Pillow. Interviewer: You ever hear the bedspread get called anything else around here? 289: Bedspread spread. Coverlet? Yeah coverlet. Some people put on a um Some of the old people just put on a sheet you know use a sheet. So that way you know when they {X} they don't have to mess up the bed. you know pulling the bedspread. Interviewer: what's in the- what's the cano- the uh canopy 289: Canopy. Interviewer: Yeah 289: You mean the thing that goes on top of the bed? Those old fashioned beds? Interviewer: No I think this is called a counter paint or a counter. You ever heard of that? 289: I heard you all mention it but I don't know. Interviewer: Okay and uh {NW} Alright you ever remember any- anything uh uh it's round like a cylinder only it's they got it to go across a double bed at the head in place of a pillow? um 289: What a sham? No. Head pull-up Pillow Pillow rest. {NW} I ju- I don't know any of that Interviewer: Sometimes it goes across the back of a- of a day bed 289: Yeah but I don't know what the name of it is. {NW} To me it's just a piece of foam used as a pillow of some type used as a pillow. Interviewer: Okay you were 289: Backrest. Interviewer: Bolster? 289: Yeah a bolster pillow. Interviewer: Okay. And you might say that bolster didn't go a part-way across the bed. It went 289: Part way wha- All the way. Interviewer: Um {NS} {NW} Uh what would you call a makeshift sleeping place, down on the floor? You know if you had a lot of visitors coming and you didn't have enough room. bed and stuff 289: You sleep on the floor. Pull a- mm Interviewer: Make me a 289: bunk? you know {NW} You take a bunch of blankets or some pillows off the couch and {NS} you know if you have a sectional couch and put 'em together and make a bed out of that Interviewer: okay. you ever heard it called anything else? make me a blank on the floor? 289: No. make me a bed, that's it. Interviewer: okay. Alright if someone said we expect a big yield from that pineapple field this year because the summer was very 289: {NW} rich. Interviewer: Or? Another word for rich? 289: Rich. It's always rich. {NW} Soil's rich. Interviewer: fer- 289: Fertile Interviewer: Okay. And uh what do you call a the flat low land along a stream? 289: The Riverbed. Interviewer: Okay and if they were farming you know along a river or stream like that, what would you call that uh land? people up in the mountains all the time dream of 289: people in the mountains dream of Interviewer: 'cause it's real it's supposed to be real rich. It floods you know and 289: {NW} Dams. No. That {X} Interviewer: Okay. How about um what would you call a low-lying grassland? 289: lowlands. Interviewer: Okay um anything you know just something w-wouldn't grow anything but maybe jus- just grass or something like that {NS} You know like you know like along along a side of the keys it won't grow anything but just grass. 289: {NW} If there's nothing growing along the keys it's just because of the the land's been poor. You know too much lime in the ground won't grow. Interviewer: Okay. How about a um a so this is well a this is more like the Everglades is a what? 289: Everglades is swamp. Interviewer: Okay. 289: Swamplands swamp. Interviewer: Okay listen there's a- do you consid- do you have a lot of swamplands on the keys? 289: I wouldn't say n- I would say no because there's not too many in the keys which we could take you know you think of swamps you think about airboats and uh snakes. And alligators or crocodiles. Interviewer: Are there trees in the swamps? 289: Yeah- no not- they've got you know some areas there's plenty a trees within the swamplands that tall {NW} they call snake grass. Interviewer: uh-huh 289: In the keys, where they building up right now. {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah I drove down through uh Okeechobee 289: Yeah. Interviewer: How about a place where salt hay grows? You ever seen this? 289: Salt what? Interviewer: Hay. 289: Hay? Interviewer: You ever heard of that along the shoreline? Okay. Um how about uh what uh what different kinds of soil would you find around here how would you describe it? 289: {NW} you got mall Interviewer: Well now what's that? 289: Mall is the rock Interviewer: oh. {NS} 289: You got black dirt sand Interviewer: now if it's sandy would they how would they describe it th-? would they say it's sandy or? 289: To me it's sandy. {NS} Interviewer: ju- 289: Can't grow very much. Can't grow anything hardly. Interviewer: Okay how about- how about the um uh soil that's uh lo- and it starts off sand starts low 289: {NW} Low. Interviewer: You ever heard of a soil type called loam? 289: No. Interviewer: Okay uh. If uh like you were talking about developing in the everglades if they're getting the water off of the swamps they're 289: they're draining it off. Interviewer: Okay and what do they have to d- what do they have to dig to get the water off? 289: {NW} They dig canals. Interviewer: Okay. And uh what kind of bodies of water can you think of? 289: You got lake oceans seas rivers That's about it isn't it? Seas rivers oceans. Interviewer: Okay how about just a little stream? 289: Yeah stream, brook. uh brook. {X} That's about it. {NW} Interviewer: cripple 289: you mean what is it ripple creek? cripple creek? something like that. Interviewer: okay. and um How about a shallow arm of the sea? You know a tidal stream. you know it's only there when the ocean's tides are in. You ever heard of anything like that? Think you might have something like that around here? 289: {NW} Only there no. {X} sandbars is when the tide goes out. you have those. Interviewer: Okay. 289: that's about it. Interviewer: Alright how about um uh if like they had a really heavy bit of rainfall, and you had like a slope in your yard or something and it cut out a 289: cut out a what a dri- {NS} not a ditch. {NW} An alley type thing. Interviewer: Yeah what would you call that? 289: I honestly don't know. I jus- it's just draining off the land. Interviewer: Okay 289: runni- running-off. sometimes they say running off the land. Interviewer: Okay uh uh wh- what kind of a 289: Hills? Interviewer: No what kind of uh um elevation- well you mentioned mountain earlier. What's the rocky side of a mountain that drops off sharp? 289: A cliff? Interviewer: Okay. And uh {NS} down here where the boats unload and the freights unload what do you call that? 289: piers. Interviewer: Okay anything else? 289: Docks. Interviewer: Okay uh. 289: Ramps. Interviewer: Okay Are there any creeks or streams in the keys that you know of? 289: Creaks or streams. No. Not as far as I know of. There is a thing on big pine key {NW} it's filled with s- it's a freshwater pool. you know just by itself it just keeps filling up with fresh water. Interviewer: huh. okay. It must be a spring or something like that. 289: Yeah. {X} You know you swim in salt water you can float and when you try to swim in that you practically sink. Interviewer: Yeah. {NW} That's weird. That would be weird for somebody that wasn't expecting it. How about uh {X} In hilly land where there's creeks and stuff and there's been a real heavy rainfall 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: then you got a real deep tread in the soil and what do you call that? when it makes a deep {NS} 289: We don't have that down this way. Interviewer: Okay. And 289: Reservoirs no. Drains off. Flood never flows. Interviewer: Okay. Well how about uh you ever ever go to the mountains? 289: Once. Twice. {NS} Interviewer: Okay well alright on TV then. The old westerns. After a guy would shoot somebody he'd take out his knife and carve a what in the handle of his gun? 289: A notch. Interviewer: Okay. And um uh {NS} What would you call Niagara? Like what would you call a place where large amounts 289: Falls. Niagara Falls? Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever just refer to it as a Okay and what kind of roads did you have here when you were small? 289: Dirt roads. Interviewer: Okay. Any other kind? 289: Call 'em billy goat roads. If you- if you had a- if you got a car. {NW} If you could- some of the roads were so bad that if you could take your new car down the road and come out without it squeaking then you knew you got- you knew you had a good car. They call them billy goat roads. Interviewer: {X} well now what what kind of road is this out here now? 289: {NW} That's a- um paved road Interviewer: Are well what's it ma- do you know what it's made out of? {NW} 289: black tar rock um I forgot what the name of the stuff is they use asphalt it's asphalt? yeah. Interviewer: okay. How about what do you call a little road that goes off the main road just outside of town? 289: main road? street? Interviewer: No. You're driving out say your driving out toward marathon and there's a little you know it's- you know 289: cutoff. Interviewer: okay. how about uh if you're driving down to somebody's house who lives out of town and you have to turn down his own 289: street? Interviewer: yeah but ye- he's the only one who lives on it and he's at the end of it 289: it's a road. private road. Interviewer: okay. it would be his own 289: his own property road. his own property Interviewer: okay. it would probably just go up to his garage so it would be his 289: drive Interviewer: okay. and uh what do you call this thing that you walk on out here? 289: {NW} Sidewalk. Interviewer: okay and what's it made out of? 289: cement. Interviewer: do you have any names for the space between the sidewalk and the street? that's used 289: gutters. Interviewer: okay. that's- that's interesting. how about if you're walking along a road and a dog jumped out at you and scared you what would you reach down and pick up? 289: pick up a rock or a stone. Throw it at him. Stick. Interviewer: Would you ever uh use any other words besides throw? like when you were young would you say I- {NW} 289: No Interviewer: chunked it? 289: No not chunked it no. Interviewer: Fling. flung 289: Flung it flew it. Interviewer: okay if if you uh uh if if you go to somebody's house and he's not there, they might say no he's not 289: at home. Interviewer: okay. and and how do you- what do you- in the morning, what's the- what's the liquid that you usually drink with breakfast? black liquid that some people drink? 289: you mean coffee? Interviewer: okay. how how would- when you're getting ready to prepare some, what would you say? 289: gonna prepare- gonna cook it? Interviewer: wait a minute you're gonna cook some coffee? 289: Make. Interviewer: Okay. and uh um and uh around here now do they have any special terms for drinking it? you can have it two ways. you can have it 289: black wi- Interviewer: or 289: creamed and sugar. Interviewer: okay but you can have it black or 289: {NW} they call it what is it black or white? no. black coffee Interviewer: okay when it's black do they have any special names for it when it's just black like that? 289: No not as far as I know of. See I don't drink coffee. Interviewer: Oh okay. I- I just meant I didn't know if you had something like barefoot or- 289: No. Interviewer: you ever hear anything like that? alright so you can drink it um fill in the blank here 289: black Interviewer: or w- 289: creamed and sugar Interviewer: Alright well talking about cream and sugar if they want it you might say they uh blank sugar or 289: blank sug- what a spoon of sugar? Interviewer: alright no alright I'm gonna say I have a pen here and now this is 289: beside it. Interviewer: or? 289: next to it. Interviewer: or? {NS} 289: Near it Interviewer: Okay. How about um wi- um wh- the word um begins with a w. 289: with it? Interviewer: okay you can have it with it or 289: well with cream or sugar or without. Interviewer: Okay that's all I was trying to get from you. 289: Jeez! for one little word. Interviewer: Ain't that something? how about if if if someone's not going away from you you say he's coming {NW} 289: he's coming to see me. Interviewer: alright if he's not going away from you he's coming he's walking straight 289: to me? Interviewer: yeah to what's another word for 289: towards me. Interviewer: okay and uh if you say someone you had not seen for quite a while uh you might say this morning I 289: {NW} saw Interviewer: okay. and uh if if if you met somebody in town instead of saying I met 'em you might say I ran 289: ran into him. Interviewer: okay and if a child is given the same name that her mother has okay you could say they named the child they named the child blank her mother 289: {NW} after her mother Interviewer: okay and uh 289: they don't do that with girls down this way. Interviewer: oh they don't? 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: how about young men? 289: boys they do. yeah 'cause we have three {NW} we have uh my father was senior my brother's junior and his firstborn son's the third. So my family we always name the firstborn son after the father. Interviewer: okay. the um I think uh what I wanna do is we'll {NS} okay. Um let me see alright now If you wanted your dog to attack another dog what would you tell him? 289: {NW} Go get him or sic him. Interviewer: okay and uh um if your dog is a mixed breed 289: he's a mongrel. Interviewer: okay 289: or a Heinz fifty seven Interviewer: Heinz? and excuse me uh you might if your dog is a little bit vicious you might warn somebody be careful or he will uh 289: {NW} bite you. Interviewer: okay and if someone {NW} got it the day before you'd say yesterday Johnny got 289: bit yesterday. Interviewer: Okay 289: bit Interviewer: and he say uh {NS} you might say uh my dog 289: will bite. Interviewer: #1 or my dog # 289: #2 has bitten # Interviewer: yeah and okay 289: and he has too Interviewer: oh yeah? {NW} do you live at the end of this street? 289: {NW} so I live in the last block and you'll see a house that has one little lonely coconut tree. {NW} with four big glass windows jalousie windows big wide windows. On the right side. Interviewer: okay the reason why I was just wondering because I have a map that I use uh you know for the I'll send it along with the tapes and mark off where you live so they'll know where I'm at. 289: It's the one two three fourth house on the right side in the last block. Interviewer: okay so it's in the last block on on 289: Flemming. Interviewer: on the right? okay. uh alright in a herd of cattle do you know what they call the male? 289: it's a- p- the bull. Interviewer: okay. and how about uh if you had uh you know you know those animals they use they use to uh work with that look like horses? 289: mules? Interviewer: Yeah if- 289: donkeys? jackasses? Interviewer: right if you had two of them working together what would you call them? 289: mules. Interviewer: okay. 289: I don't think it's proper to say jackasses though. you know the asses? Interviewer: oh. how about uh um not um a baby cow when it's first born it's a what? {NW} 289: {NW} calf. Interviewer: Alright {NW} and uh if if you had a cow with a with the name of daisy expecting a calf you might say daisy is going to 289: {NW} I don't know what they call it fo- not foal. {X} they use that for a cow. a horse is a fo- a foal. {NW} I don't know Interviewer: Okay 289: for a cow. Interviewer: Alright now what would you call the male horse? 289: {NW} What is it stallion? {NW} well a woman is um the mare isn't it? Interviewer: okay. alright. and uh if-if uh if you had if you had a horse you might saddle him up and what? 289: {NW} ride him. Interviewer: okay. and if you did yesterday you'd say you uh 289: rode him. Interviewer: yeah. and uh you might say um uh uh I have never 289: ridden. Interviewer: Okay. and if you couldn't stay on you would fall off okay and but if you were in bed and you rolled over you misjudged the edge of the bed you say 289: I'm still gonna fall off roll off. Interviewer: Okay you roll- well you say you fell 289: {NW} fell off the bed. Interviewer: okay. and uh okay. um you or uh okay wh- what's the game they play with the things on horses' feet? 289: {NW} Horseshoes. Interviewer: okay. and do you know what they attach the horseshoes to? 289: the hooves. Interviewer: okay and one of those is a 289: hoof. Interviewer: okay. and I ask- oh a male sheep is called a 289: {NW} Ram. Interviewer: Okay. And a female sheep? {NS} 289: I can't think of it offhand Interviewer: Ever 289: L- veal? No veal is what you eat. No. Interviewer: Okay. Um and the stuff that grows on their backs? 289: {NW} Say uh wool. Interviewer: Okay. um how about a male hog you know what they call him? 289: No. unless it's a- only thing I can think of is- no boar it's just like a pig with a tusk. uh sow? They call it a sow? that's uh was that the female pig? Sow. Or the baby. Interviewer: uh wh- wh- what would you call a baby pig? 289: {NW} a piglet. Interviewer: okay. 289: So the sow must be the woman. But what they call the man? Interviewer: okay. And uh uh well alright so you got you say you got piglets, sows uh the man, what you call them all together when they're full grown? 289: Pigs? Interviewer: Or 289: Got a herd of pigs. Interviewer: {X} 289: Sties! We call them sties? No, they put them in a st- pig stile. Stile? Something like that. Interviewer: Would you know what would you know what they call a um uh a male pig that's been altered so he won't breed? 289: {NW} He's been castrated. {NW} {X} Interviewer: Okay. uh did they did they have any names for wild hogs on the islands here? I know there's a few in here but I don't know if they ever got down here. 289: No- no not that I know of. Usually you hear- no boars No. Interviewer: Okay 289: Not that I know of. Interviewer: How about uh um the stiff hairs on a dog's neck or a um a hog's neck, any kind of animal's neck when they get mad they stick up they say You know what they call it? 289: {NW} No. Interviewer: Okay how about on a brush that you brush your hair with those 289: Bristles? Interviewer: Okay. And uh same word the um you know the noise made by a calf when uh it's being weened? think what they call that. 289: He's mooing. {NW} Interviewer: Okay. And uh would you say cows do that? 289: They moo. Interviewer: Okay. How about horses? You know what noise they make? 289: It's like a neigh. Interviewer: Alright, do you know of any other ter- terms? You know any other names for that? 289: {X} Winnie? {X} Interviewer: Yeah that'll Anything else you ever heard? I'm a little uh hyper I guess. {NW} I'll calm down in a minute. 289: I haven't been on a horse since I was around twelve. Interviewer: Well well don't worry about it 289: It whinnies and and they neigh. That's about it, as far as I know. Oh they let out like they breath out of their nose they'll {NW} Interviewer: I guess then 289: breathing through it. Interviewer: Okay. If you had some horses or cows or something like that and it was time it was you know they were hungry, you might say I gotta go out and 289: {NW} feed them. Interviewer: Okay would you ever uh call it feed the what? 289: Feed the what livestock? Feed the stock? Interviewer: Okay How about- now we were talking about you had some ducks and chickens and 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And uh uh if you were going out to feed them if you're walking birds. You say I'm gonna go out and feed the what? 289: Feed the chickens feed the ducks. Livestock. We wouldn't call them livestock in key west 'cause you can't have them. I mean like you can have If you- police don't get too nosy you can have one as a pet. but I just go out and put it and if he doesn't have enough sense to come out and get it then it's his tough luck. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. Uh do you know what they call a um hen that's on a nest of eggs? 289: {NW} She's roosting. Or laying on the eggs to hatch 'em. Interviewer: Okay. You ever heard of anything else? 289: No. Hatching the eggs roosting no. That's about it. Interviewer: Okay. uh and the house that they live in? 289: It's a chicken coop. Interviewer: Okay. You ever call it anything else around here? Any special thing? 289: Chicken pens. {NS} {NW} Anything like h- like that that they have here like for pigeons {NW} it's a pigeon coop. Pigeon pen. {NW} holds them all in coops Interviewer: What are what are uh Some of the animals that people have around here? What are the some of the wh- what Like on the island right now, what animals would you expect to find, outside of- 289: {NW} Outside dogs cats you'd find um birds a lot of different types of birds. Parakeets Canaries Parrots {NW} Myna birds. Interviewer: Now these are pets or 289: People have them in their homes as pets. Interviewer: Okay they're not like native birds. 289: No. You see- Oh! You see the cranes out. {NW} And you see the pelicans. {NW} And they call- they're some they call Nigger Geese. Interviewer: What- what- now why do they call them that? 289: They're black. Interviewer: Okay. 289: That's about it. {X} Interviewer: And they're geese? 289: They call 'em geese. Nigger Geese. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay how about uh you say uh are there any wild animals? that would be native to the keys? that you can think of? 289: You can see deers. Interviewer: Now is that the big ones or the 289: that's the small ones. Interviewer: Ones that are about three feet tall? 289: Yeah about that big. {NW} And they're different from uh what you would see other deers. You know you Some deer have white tails. These more less like have little freckles. E- even though they're not young. {NW} They don't get very big I think they weigh maybe about {NW} twenty or thirty pounds that's about it. Of the ones that I've seen. {NS} Interviewer: N- now they uh they have a deer of key is that it? 289: Yeah um that's big pine key. Dur- uh certain area and length of highway they tell you beware of the deer you know crossing {NW} cause if you hit one and you don't stop you know to take care of it to take it to the uh station there and they catch you you can be into a lot of trouble. Interviewer: They're protected pretty well. 289: It's like a wild uh wildlife preserve what now? Oh there're some snakes up in there. Interviewer: Okay well what kind of snakes do you have? 289: {NW} That I couldn't tell you. I know there's some black snakes. {NW} They have chicken snakes. I don't know {NS} Yeah I think the everglades have rattlers in there. But I've never seen 'em. I've seen chicken snakes. But that's about it. Interviewer: What do they look like? 289: They're not too long. A coup- maybe two feet long, they're very skinny. and they have like red markings I think around them. I haven't see one in key west in a long time. {NW} Generally you only have those when you have chicken pens. chicken coop around. Interviewer: Okay. now on the breast part of the chicken, at the back of the breast, There's a little bone that looks like that. 289: Wishbone. Interviewer: Okay. what uh what's the do you know any superstitions involved with that? 289: Yes you break- you supposed to let it dry dry. {X} chicken let the bone dry for a day or two. {NW} then you break it. then whoever has the biggest part gets their wish to come true. {NS} and it doesn't work. Interviewer: Okay. You try it out? 289: Tried it on the chicken and turkeys and it doesn't work Interviewer: Okay. Now do you have stock and and and you do the chores. 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: it's time to feed the ch- stock and do the chores, you might say it's what? 289: {NW} No you just go out and do your chores. Feed the livestock. Ten- tend the cattle. Interviewer: Okay. And uh do you know what everybody calls the cows to get them in? 289: Oink oink the pig No cows is moo. Interviewer: To get 'em to come in? 289: Yeah. Interviewer: Okay. How about any the calves? 289: {NW} I guess they just try to sound like their mothers or fathers try and get them in. {NW} Interviewer: Okay what about mules or horses to make them turn left or right did you ever hear anything like that? 289: {NW} No. You supposed to with horses you supposed to uh whichever way the reins you know touches the side of neck it's that's a Interviewer: Now now you said the reins. Is that the {NW} 289: The bit that comes through their mouth that has reins that you hold onto your hand. Interviewer: On on horseback? 289: On horseback. Interviewer: Okay. And uh you know any calls to horses to get them to come in from pasture? 289: {NS} No. I guess if it was your pet and your animal you'd just call its name and it come. Interviewer: Okay. How about you were sitting on one and you wanted the horse to get moving? 289: Giddy up. Interviewer: Okay. And if you were riding 'em to get 'em to stop 289: Woah. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh uh, to feed the pigs, how would they get them to come in? 289: {NW} Oh you call them sooey. Interviewer: Okay 289: {X} Interviewer: Uh any um you ever heard anybody call sheep? 289: No. {X} They have a a sheepdog with them. Go out and round them up to call 'em in Interviewer: okay. 289: Or if you've got your main sh- what {NW} your main sheep I think it's a male. So it'd be what like a ram? {NW} They have a bell so if if you had him like a pet you can call him and they'd follow along with him? Interviewer: Okay. There's no sheep in the on the isles that you know of 289: No. Interviewer: Okay. I was just curious I uh the only the only people now the dairy and the slaughterhouse 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: are the only ones that I've been able to locate on the except maybe some horses. Do you know of any other um uh places where they might have had livestock on the island? 289: No. {NW} See we used to have- I know we used to have a salt pond where we got our own salt. You know the only li- mm. {X} Interviewer: you mean drain it off and 289: Mm-hmm and have your salt. In fact where the high school at is at right now used to be one of 'em. Salt pond. Interviewer: After a while you just got all the salt out of them? 289: Mm-hmm. Let the sun dry all the water out of it. Interviewer: Oh. What did they do did they get hard cakes or? 289: Better than that. I just- I just had people talking about it you know. Interviewer: Okay now you said that uh you called the things that when you're sitting on the what about when you're on a wagon the things that you hold uh to drive the horse. 289: Stirrup? No. Be the reins. Interviewer: Okay. And the things you put your feet in? When you're sitting on the back? 289: Stirrups Interviewer: And um If you have two horses do you know what they call the horse on the left when they're driving a team? 289: {NW} Off hand no but if someone said the word I'd know it. But I know- oh {NW} One's a lead horse one I don't know. Lead horse. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh if I slipped on uh on something slimy stuff on the floor or whatever and fell in that direction I'd be falling over 289: backwards. Interviewer: Okay and if I fell the opposite? 289: Forwards. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you went out fishing and you didn't have any luck If you came back in and someone said did you catch anything you might say no blank a one. How would you do that? 289: Not a darn one not a damn one or they weren't biting. Interviewer: Okay. And a schoolboy might say of a scolding teacher why is she blaming me I blank something uh wrong. 289: {NW} I didn't do it. Interviewer: Okay. Uh How about someone apologizes for breaking something of yours that you loaned them? Like a rake or something you know and it wasn't that important and so you might say that's alright I didn't like it 289: {NW} It wasn't of value. Or it wasn't important I can easily get another one. Interviewer: Okay but you might- how about this? That's alright I didn't like it 289: Anyway. Interviewer: Okay. Blank And uh a crying child might say I knew he was eating candy you didn't give me 289: {NW} Any Interviewer: Okay. And uh the how about those in a field those the rivets you know what they call those along you know what a plow makes? 289: {NW} plo- I wanna say plowing the earth the um put the grain feed um seeds in. Interviewer: And the long uh 289: Fur- no, it's not furlough. Furloughs? Interviewer: No. It's close. 289: Mm-mm. {NW} I haven't been on a farm. Interviewer: Okay that's alright. Uh for if and you said 289: No fertilize the ground? #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 No. # You said- what'd you say? 289: Fertile? Interviewer: No okay, fur- 289: Furrow Interviewer: Does that- that sound better? 289: Yeah sounds more like it. Interviewer: Okay. If you if you got all rid of all the brush and trees in the land you'd say what would you say you did? 289: You cleared it. Interviewer: Okay. And uh {NS} Uh do you know what they do with oats or wheat to uh uh get the separate the shaft and the grain? 289: {NW} They beat it. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 289: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Do you know what they call that? 289: Threshing. Interviewer: Okay so you might say the oats 289: Were threshed? Interviewer: Okay. Um Okay. If if if you and another person had got- you know got a job together uh when when you when you told them about it you might say you and 289: {NW} I Interviewer: Okay have a job. {NW} How about um If uh uh if you and another person and the other person is a male, are going over to someone else's house, you'd say blank and blank are coming over. 289: {NW} Me and another person that's a male? Interviewer: Yeah. 289: Bob and I. Or Dick and I. Interviewer: Or how about using pronouns? On both cases. 289: Dick and Linda. or Li- Linda and Dick. Interviewer: Okay but like he she or it 289: He I see I say He and I? Interviewer: Well just how would you say it? {X} blank and blank are coming over. 289: {NW} Think Margarette and Dick's coming over or he- Interviewer: Him and me or he and I or 289: He and I- he and I. {NW} are gonna come over. Interviewer: Okay. And uh 289: {NW} It's not proper English. {X} somebody. Interviewer: Well, happens all over. They take all the surveys. maybe- 289: maybe we might- we might change it Interviewer: Okay. How about uh if you knock at the door and someone says who's there and they know your voice. you're at the door, they're not. and they- you can't g- 289: Come on in. Interviewer: Okay. and uh they say who is it and you might say it's 289: It's me. Interviewer: Okay. and uh uh if we're sitting here and someone knocks at the door and uh you're expecting someone and I say who's that? you might say oh it's only 289: Margarette. That's the only one I would expect. Interviewer: Okay now alright if- if it was a girl and you didn't know the name you would say it was only 289: it was only her. Interviewer: Okay and if it was a male? 289: {NW} Him. Interviewer: And if it's a group of people? 289: Them. Interviewer: Okay. And uh Comparing how tall you are, you might say he's not as tall as 289: I. Interviewer: Okay and uh comparing how tall you are again you might say I'm not as 289: Tall as him. Interviewer: Okay. And uh comparing how well you can do something you might say he can do it better than 289: {NW} I. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if a man had been running for two miles and then he had to stop you might say two miles is 289: {NW} His limit. Interviewer: Okay or would you say two miles is all 289: {NW} It's all he can go. Interviewer: Okay would you ever use uh For instance two miles is all the 289: You mean as far as he can go? two miles is as far Interviewer: Alright something like that or two miles is all the 289: Two miles is as far as he could go. That be about it. Interviewer: Okay. 289: {NW} Or that's all enough- when he's got fu- {X} two miles Interviewer: okay. Or two miles is the 289: The limit. Interviewer: Okay. how about uh if something belongs to uh to me you'd say it's 289: belongs to you. Interviewer: Alright so {X} it is 289: yours. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if it belongs to the both of us you'd say it's 289: ours. Interviewer: And if it belongs to them? 289: Belongs belongs to them. It's theirs. Interviewer: Okay. and if it belongs to him? 289: Belongs to him. Interviewer: So it's 289: his. Interviewer: Okay and if it belongs to her? 289: Her. Interviewer: Okay so it's so it's 289: hers. Interviewer: And uh when when someone leaves your house, and you know like up north they say blank come again how wou- how do you uh if you want someone to come back 289: Just come back anytime. Interviewer: Okay do you ever use like uh a form of uh- well like people been to visit you and they're about to leave you might say blank come back again. What would you put in the blank? {NS} 289: {NW} It won't- wouldn't be their names. {NW} Down this way I don't think- we just uh if it were someone that we really enjoyed having visit with us we might walk them to the door and say goodnight come again soon. or your welcome to come anytime. if it's a member of the family visiting from away {X} hug 'em and kiss 'em and tell them they're welcome to come any time they want. or our house was their hou- was theirs any time they wanted to come. but more or less {NW} always say like Aunt Ray and Uncle Jim come back any time. But it really have to be someone real close. Interviewer: Okay would you ever say anything like y'all? 289: Y'all come- no. I wouldn't. Interviewer: does people here 289: Not that often would I use y'all. Interviewer: Alright how about just you? You come in? 289: Well yeah. you can come a- you can come again. Come again. {NW} Well let's put it this way if they've been invited to your house then they know they're more than welcome anytime. Interviewer: Okay. Okay. How about if if if if someone if a group you know uh How about uh you if if a group of people, their car you know somebody else's car was out in the road or in the street you might uh you might have to say to them someone's going to run into 289: your car. Interviewer: Okay. and uh asking about people at a party you might say uh you know how would you go about asking you're trying to find out everybody that was at the party so you might say 289: {NW} who was there? Interviewer: okay would you ever use like uh who uh plus a word? 289: who was there? Interviewer: just who was there? okay how about uh when uh when your asking about uh maybe what a preacher said or a speaker of some kind 289: what did he say? what did he speak about? Interviewer: Okay. and uh if no one will look out for them they gonna have to look out for 289: for themselves Interviewer: and if no one will look out for him he has to he better do it 289: Hisself. Interviewer: okay. and {NS} uh when you go in the kitchen and your very thirsty what is it that you get? 289: {NW} knowing me be not a drink of water it would be the juice {NW} iced tea or some kind of soda. Interviewer: okay and you'd put in you might pour it in 289: Glass. Interviewer: okay and uh would you ever call a glass different uh anything different? 289: No. Glass is a glass. Interviewer: If you dropped it on the floor yesterday, what would you say happened to it? 289: I broke it. Interviewer: Okay. and uh you might say last week we had blank fifteen glasses. 289: We broke fifteen glasses. Interviewer: Okay. if um uh and this and uh a- 289: drinking? Interviewer: okay and yesterday you 289: drunk. Interviewer: and uh 289: I will drink. Interviewer: Okay. and uh alright. you might say how much have you 289: Drunk. Interviewer: okay. let me see we sure 289: have drunk a lot. or drank Interviewer: And uh if dinner's on the table and everyone's standing around being very formal all twiddling their thumbs, waiting for someone to call them in and everything 289: You better come and get it. It's on the table. Interviewer: And everyone's standing at the table like this what might you just tell 'em? 289: take your seats. Sit wherever you like. Interviewer: alright just yeah. okay wh- uh how about uh you say uh you might tell well like the act of doing this 289: {NS} you're sitting. Interviewer: Okay now yesterday I 289: sat. Interviewer: Okay and he had 289: sit. Interviewer: Okay. And he will 289: sit. Interviewer: Okay and uh if you want someone not to wait until things are passed at the table 289: Help yourself or boardinghouse reach. {NS} Interviewer: Is that right? 289: or if you gonna wait {NW} you won't get left out Interviewer: Alright and uh you might say after you say help yourself so he went ahead and 289: {NW} helped himself. Interviewer: Okay. since uh since they had already 289: helped themself. Interviewer: okay. And uh if you're at uh somebody you know your friend's house it's a good friend and you're eating there. and they offer you something you're not particularly fond of eating, maybe salad {NW} 289: I just tell them I don't like it or I don't care for it. Interviewer: Okay say okay you say you might okay how about uh if food's been cooked and served a second time you say it's been uh 289: warmed over or warmed up. Interviewer: okay. and if you put food in your mouth you begin to 289: {NW} chew. Interviewer: okay. and uh um did you ever use Indian meal? 289: {NS} No. Interviewer: You know 289: Isn't it ground from corn though? Interviewer: Yeah. it's like- yeah. You know what they make out of that? 289: {NW} uh they make it- I think they use it the same way we would use our flour or our cornmeal something like that I'm not sure but that's what they use it for I think they grind up the meal and make their bread or something like that. Interviewer: you ever heard of anybody taking cornmeal or Indian meal and boiling it with saltwater and eating it that way? just you it- it's 289: I think the Indians do. Interviewer: yeah and it's wa- watery. 289: yeah. Interviewer: you know what they call that? 289: No. I've just seen that from movies and some of the books that we have. Interviewer: okay how about miss Bruce said key west is a fairly drinking town uh do they have any illegal names for illegal whiskey uh yeah 289: lo- moonshine white lightning Interviewer: what else? 289: moonshine white lightning that's about it. that's all I've ever heard of. I don't think they've got it at least if they've got it I've never heard where it- where it's at. Interviewer: Okay there's none that you've ever heard of here? How about have you ever heard of the uh 289: Oh Bathtub Gin. Interviewer: okay. how about homemade beer? you ever heard any names for that? 289: no. I think {NW} Oh I know you make it- no that's gin isn't it? and you make it use potato spuds? Interviewer: {NW} 289: I'm trying to remember. you see 'em I saw a couple movies where they take potatoes and they grind them up and they steam it like in a kettle like they would do um moonshine. Interviewer: yeah. 289: but I don't know what comes out when it comes out. no beer's made from wheat and rye barley. Interviewer: I yeah I don't know. I- 289: I don't know blame the movies. they have 'em that's about all I know Interviewer: How about you ever heard the term splo? 289: No. Interviewer: okay. uh when someone's cooking and it makes a good impression on your nostrils okay and you're in the other room you might say someone just that 289: just smell that. Interviewer: okay. and um you know when you crush uh cane and boil the juice to make 289: sugar. Interviewer: alright before they get- sugar is refined but it's refined from 289: sugar cane. Interviewer: Okay but you know what the intermediate the syrup stuff is? It's usually dark and 289: No. Interviewer: well 289: All I know is sugar comes from sugar cane. {NW} And you can uh take sugar cane and make strips out of it and chew it and get the juice out of it. Interviewer: Alright your hot mol- 289: Malt? Interviewer: Mol- mola- 289: Molasses? Interviewer: Okay. 289: Oh well. Learn something new. Interviewer: Now listen, molasses blank thick. I'm using uh a verb there. 289: No. Molasses blank thick Interviewer: You say that molasses blank thick 289: Blank thick Interviewer: or just 289: Sure is thick? no molasses is thick {NW} Sorry. Interviewer: What was that you said? Molasses 289: Molasses su- sure is thick? Interviewer: Alright. take that- would you say without the sure would you use it would you say it that way? molasses 289: {NW} Molasses is thick? Interviewer: Is that the way you would say that? 289: I wouldn't even say it. {NW} Interviewer: okay. 289: 'Cause the only thing we use molasses is black molasses for when you cooking baked beans. That's the only thing we use it for. Interviewer: Okay. Alright when uh sugar is not prepackaged But weighed you know in huge amounts, 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Alright you say it's sold in 289: Its sold in th- sold from the sack? Interviewer: yeah when it's sold you know instead of have one two five pound bags you know its small 289: that's the only way I've ever bought it. Interviewer: okay well alright we'll say there's two ways things can come it can come packaged or it can come in 289: barrels or kegs Interviewer: alright do you ever um uh 289: I don't think they package sugar in barrels though. Interviewer: okay. well you know the way they ship it on a ship that's what bul- 289: bulk? Interviewer: yeah but you ever hear anybody say that it's sold in bulk? 289: yeah sold in yeah bulk large quantities of it Interviewer: okay and uh okay if a man has a lot of money um and doesn't have anything to worry about okay uh um or I'm sorry let me get this straight now a man has plenty of money. he doesn't have anything to worry about. 289: right. Interviewer: Okay but life is hard on a man 289: {NW} who doesn't have any. Interviewer: okay. uh, and uh alright and and a man who has money is a 289: millionaire. well-off. well-to-do. Interviewer: okay. r- uh {NW} 289: he's on easy street. Interviewer: Okay bu the opposite kinda man is a when a man has no money you might call him a 289: what's- poor? Interviewer: Okay. okay. how about, um if uh if if if you had an orchard 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: and you're- alright you don't have an orchard. you're sitting you own a house next to a guy that owns an orchard. 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: and uh um a man comes up to you and says do you own that orchard? and the uh {NS} the owner is walking right in front of your house at that time and you would say no I'm just a neighbor and pointing to you s- 289: He owns it. Interviewer: #1 You'd say he's the man- # 289: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 289: #2 # {NW} no he's the owner. or it belongs to him. Interviewer: alright. completing this- what I say. He's the man 289: that owns it. Interviewer: Okay. and uh uh when I- I might say when I was when i was a boy my father was poor but next door was a boy the opposite 289: richer? Interviewer: yeah but alright. just complete the sentence. when I was- uh please. when I was a boy my father was poor but next door was a boy 289: who's fa- no. his father was poorer? no. richer? Interviewer: Alright I'm just mainly after the- {NS} the uh one element in there that you probably didn't think about. {NS} {NS} how how are you on state capitals? 289: oh gee I haven't had that since I was in seventh grade Interviewer: ah these are easier. {X} Here's here's a couple of them if um so you know {NW} when someone um you know like for gratitude someone says well I much 289: {NW} appreciate it. Interviewer: okay. or how about I much you ever heard anybody use another word there? I much a- 289: I appreciate what you done I much appreciate it. Interviewer: okay how about you might say he wouldn't accept a coat even though he was shivering in the cold because he didn't want to be blank to blank. 289: beholden. Interviewer: Okay. 289: he didn't want to owed you anyth- {NW} owed to you anything. didn't want to owe you a favor or s- Interviewer: okay so he didn't want to be beholden to 289: to you. or to me. Interviewer: or to okay and uh someone asks you about sundown to do some work and you say I got up before sun-up and I blank all the work I'm gonna do. 289: {NW} you done all- I've done all the work I'm gonna do. Interviewer: okay. and uh if you're talking about the fact that so few of your old friends are still alive you might say I spent all week looking for my high school classmates and seems that they're all 289: {NW} gone. Interviewer: {NS} Okay. 289: And my class all of them's been {NW} I think I'm the only one left single so I think they've all been married at least once or twice. Interviewer: once or twice? yeah. yeah. yeah that's uh yeah that's the way it is. I'm gonna try to see some of mine before I go back up. Okay. let's say there was a terrible accident on the road and uh It's really strange when you go back a long time and you think there's a bunch of kids and been married two or three times. 289: they say well half of them tell me that I'm that they wish they were me. and hadn't been. and I say well I really rather have been you and never tried once. Didn't work out. Interviewer: Yeah {NW} um okay say there was a terrible accident up the road. but there was no need to call a doctor because the victim was blank by the time we got there. 289: {NW} He was dead. Interviewer: Okay. And uh {NS} and and in such a situation you you might say he blank to be more careful 289: {NW} he ought to be more careful. he ought to have been more careful. Interviewer: okay. excuse me. and I might say I'll dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I'll bet you 289: that you won't Interviewer: okay would you ever hear anybody or have you ever heard anybody use dare? and not contracted together? 289: dare not no. not daren't. {NW} Interviewer: daren't. 289: no. Interviewer: is that too 289: {NW} I think that's no I think that's more something that you'd expect people from um what {NW} {NW} I don't know if you call them hillbillies or up in the hills {NW} plus you all is not used down here as much as what people just they think that 'cause you're from the south that you use you all all the time. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 People in Georgia always used to- # And that was- 289: Georgia and Alabama around that way I think they would. Interviewer: {X} 289: But I don't think kids down this way they wouldn't use dare think they would say you uh um chick in the dryer or um you haven't got enough guts. or your mother would get you if you did it. something like that. Interviewer: okay um um okay How about um a boy got a whipping and you might say I'll bet he did something he 289: shouldn't have done. Interviewer: okay. would there be another way you could use a word there instead of shouldn't have? 289: {X} he ought not to have done. Interviewer: yeah. would you ever say oughtn't 289: oughtn't. not oughtn't have. no I think I would say shouldn't have done. Interviewer: Okay. how about uh you knew talking to somebody uh you knew when you first agreed to go that you blank to tell your mother 289: {NW} you were supposed to tell your mother. Interviewer: okay how about using uh which one would you use with you know the ones we've been talking about? 289: that you sh you were supposed to tell your mother. you ought to have told your mother. or you agreed to tell your mother. Interviewer: okay. you aren't doing what you blank to do. 289: what you ought to do or what you should have done. Interviewer: okay. and uh uh someone might was will you do it? and you say no I 289: No I won't {NW} Interviewer: and um uh and when when you get something done that well uh that was hard work and you had to do it all by yourself and and your friend was standing there the whole time and uh uh standing around without helping you say you 289: could have helped or offered to help. Interviewer: okay. and uh another way of showing you might uh okay. suggesting the possibility of being able to do something okay? uh you say I'm not sure but I 289: {NW} think I can. Interviewer: okay. or you or you say if it quits raining by Thursday I blank get the yard work finished. 289: {NW} I will get the yard work done. Interviewer: if- yeah. if but you're saying if it if it quits raining I 289: If it will. quit raining I'll get the work {NW} get the yard done. Interviewer: alright now now just suggesting the possibility though. and not some you know just the possibility not so much that you're going to will it. 289: {NW} If it quits raining by Thursday I'll get the yard done. Interviewer: Okay. would you ever say anything like I might? 289: {NW} Well knowing me working in the yard I might get it done. I'm not too thrilled about the yard. Interviewer: How about uh what kind of a bird is it that can see in the dark has eyes in the front? 289: Owl Interviewer: Do you know of any different kinds? 289: No. just a plain owl. Interviewer: okay. how about the kind of bird that pecks 289: woodpecker? Interviewer: yeah you ever heard any other names for that? any you know natives around here 289: No. {NW] Interviewer: especially blacks that might call it something else? 289: No. to me it's a woodpecker's a woodpecker. Interviewer: okay you ever had any of those out here? 289: {NW} sometimes in the winter I've seen some. come down but that's about it. Interviewer: you ever hear anybody call them peckerwood? 289: yeah. but not on key west. Interviewer: okay would that be up on the mainland? 289: {NW} that would be mostly from in the movies. TV something like that. Interviewer: okay. how about a a grass uh 289: grasshopper? Interviewer: Yeah How about 289: grasshopper um {NS} there's another name I've heard but grasshopper oh like jimmy cricket. Interviewer: yeah well 289: when I was a kid they called them jimmy crickets Interviewer: you ever heard anybody invert that one? 289: what hopper-grass? No. Interviewer: okay. How about uh the black and white animal with a very powerful smell? 289: {NW} skunk Interviewer: okay any other names? 289: yep. was it- peewee? No. pee- it's a skunk. Interviewer: okay if animals you know you said you had something rats or something like that that would constantly get in at your chickens you'd say those are What kind o- 289: Rodents? Interviewer: yeah 289: pest Interviewer: yeah. any other? Var- 289: Varmints. Interviewer: does var- do they ever use varmints here much? 289: not too much. Interviewer: does what what does a varmint mean to you? 289: varmint would be more or less a rat something that would destroy it. {NW} course you could say that uh you could call a fox if you have in your area a varmint. get into your chicken coop and try to do things or your sheep. Interviewer: okay. just something that's a pest? animal that's about it. how about a bushy-tailed animal in the treetops and city streets you know that 289: Porcupine? No porcupine not on city streets. Interviewer: You know they have them in parks. 289: Squirrels? Interviewer: Yeah you ever know what the different colored squirrels you know that- you have any squirrels out here? 289: {NW} we have some. people have as a pet but I don't know whether that I mean I've heard of people having them. Squirrels {NW} you can find some they real small ones up in uh around pine key and the everglades but that's about it. {NS} Interviewer: real small. what color are they do you know? 289: {NW} sort of a pepperish white gray? Black and white? brown and white something like that. Interviewer: you ever heard of any other colored squirrels 289: I've heard of a ring-tail squirrel I think. Interviewer: okay how about um uh any 289: they have- oh they have a a squirrel in the squirrel family that can fly. Interviewer: Not here? 289: Not here. That's from television. Interviewer: Oh. How about something that looks like a squirrel but doesn't have that big fluffy tail and doesn't climb trees. They're found in the same places and parks. They got the little stripes on their back and. 289: Possums? Interviewer: #1 No they- # 289: #2 No. # Interviewer: they look just like a little squirrel but they don't have that big tail. 289: looks like a squirrel but doesn't have a big tail. Nope. Ch- Chipmunks? No. Interviewer: Yeah. 289: I haven't seen one of them. Except you know Interviewer: In uh 289: travel things. Interviewer: Alright what kind of fish can people get around here? 289: ah. Interviewer: now we're getting back {NW} 289: Fish I know. okay grunts, yellowtail, snappers, muttonfish, jew fish, kingfish, groupers, uh dolphin, marlin swordfish have uh blowfish have uh what they call a porgy fish Interviewer: Do you get a chance to fish much here? 289: when my father was alive when he had a boat we would go out. and then my brother-in-law he had his boat and we would go out. but now catching fish you have to go further and further out all the time. Interviewer: is it getting that bad? 289: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: why is that? is it just- 289: thing people is- it's just so many people doing it I think Interviewer: It's not like pollution or something is it? 289: {NW} No I think they're- mean we're not the best on being you know about polluting the water {NW} but compared to other places when I've seen when I travel we're not that bad. Interviewer: okay. how about uh the things that pearls grow in? 289: {NW} oysters. Interviewer: alright you ever get any of those around here? 289: hmm. oyst- well we don't get the shell oysters we get them you know already packaged in the can {NW} get oysters now. {NW} oysters is good. {NW} and lobsters. crawfish. we don't call them lobsters. {NW} they call them either crawfish or langouste. Interviewer: longous- now that's like the 289: It's like a Maine lobster except we don't have the biters. {NW} and our lobsters are supposed to be a sweeter meat to them. Interviewer: Now you call them crawfish even though they're not like the you know those ones that those little bitty ones that they got in those freshwater streams on the mainland. they look like 289: No they're crayfish aren't they? Interviewer: yeah. 289: uh-huh that's up around New Orleans. Interviewer: okay. How about the little fantail uh sometimes th- they used to use them for bait but I think they're too expensive now. 289: Mullets? Interviewer: no the the ones they catch them at night. 289: shrimp? Interviewer: yeah. n- 289: we wouldn't use them as bait not in my family. We use them to eat. Interviewer: Right. How about if you had four or five of them you'd say those are 289: just some shrimp. Interviewer: okay. and one of them. okay. 289: Shrimp. Interviewer: and uh 289: try turtle steak. Interviewer: what how is- have you I mean the 289: you can't get it right now. they've outlawed the um catching of turtle steak. because it was killing {NW} they're not supposed to kill them anymore. they've outlawed it. Interviewer: that's now these are the hardshell the water ones? 289: the green turtles that come down from the {NW} tortugas or the baha- um honduras bush honduras. bring them in here they used to slaughter them here and ship them out. {NW} now that's good. Interviewer: how about um the type that looks like the sea thing the turtle in the ocean but uh they're on land. 289: Right gopher? Interviewer: yeah they have any of those in the keys? 289: yes you can find those. Interviewer: uh the uh mark this so I don't forget the um {NW} ever hear those called anything else? 289: Gophers. No land turtles. Interviewer: Okay how about the things that people use in freshwater to go fishing with? dig them out of the ground. 289: worms? Interviewer: yeah you ever hear them called anything else? 289: No. {X} you wouldn't I haven't ever heard of anyone using worms down here. Interviewer: okay how about the thing that uh- Interviewer: uh uh that might be one reason why we got along so well. 289: oh ms Bruce is very easy to get along with. Interviewer: oh yeah. she is. {NW} okay now let's get through these. something else. uh and then we'll get off the ledger {X} How about uh wh- those animals that croak in the marshes? 289: croak uh bullfrog or a frog. or a toad. Interviewer: now is there- are a toad and frog the same? {NW} 289: yeah as far as I'm concerned. {C: sound cut out towards beginning?} just another name for them. {C: cut out name} Interviewer: okay uh the 289: #1 Like # Interviewer: #2 how # 289: sometimes they call a mushroom a toad too {C: cut out shroom} Interviewer: like a toad, okay. how about those little frogs that uh you just hear them in the springtime? 289: just bull- -ullfrogs. around here when there's not enough rain you'll hear them get out here making their racket. {C: cut out there's racket} Interviewer: okay. how about uh uh these are insects now the the thing that flies around a light and tries to fly into and when you grab onto it it looks like a butterfly with powdery wings 289: termites {C: cut out mites} flying uh ants? Interviewer: no these look a little like butterflies. 289: {NW} Interviewer: you know the in the 289: flying roaches? Interviewer: no I hope not. {X} 289: Well I mean- {C: cut out mean} they've got flying roaches that fly up. {C: cut out roaches} and the other thing I see going {C: cut out going} through the to the light {C: cut out through/through up} think are fireflies. {C: cut out think} Interviewer: now what's a firefly? Firefly? 289: They uh light up {X} front ends one of the ends. They have light like in them. {C: cut out they} Interviewer: do they have those out here? 289: I've seen them, but not not for a long time. {C: cut out them long time} Interviewer: not for uh- how about uh you know the things they get into your house and they eating all the clothes and they 289: Termites? Interviewer: well they can get into your wool clothes. {X} 289: Moths? Interviewer: yeah. you ever got many of those out here? 289: once in a while you'll see one. Not two. Interviewer: you just had one that would be a 289: moth. Interviewer: okay. {NW} and uh how about uh I just saw one today, I know they're here. {NW} uh it's a long, thin-bodied thing, and it's got two wings on either side. okay? and they're about that- the wingspread's about that wide. 289: what butterfly? {C: cut out what} Interviewer: #1 No no. # 289: #2 No. # Interviewer: They got the wings that are transparent and they hover. and a lot of times they'll get on a clothesline and just sit there. like that and uh that's a long thin-bodied insect with a little beak and two pairs of shiny wings and hovers around damp places and eats it's own weight. uh 289: you got me. Interviewer: how about uh what kind what kind of insects do you have around here? 289: mosquitoes? Interviewer: okay no what this thing just lives off of eating these. 289: what li- not lizards. {C: cut out lizards} Interviewer: #1 No it's an insect that flies around. # 289: #2 No. # Interviewer: some people say that uh when you see these they're a sign that snakes are nearby. 289: I wouldn't know. {C: cut out wouldn't know} Interviewer: okay, how about a dra- right 289: dragonfly? Interviewer: yeah. 289: I always think of that as being related to Japan. China. over that way, not here. Interviewer: You never seen that? {X} 289: Oh they big things! Interviewer: yeah. 289: they're real long and yeah I've seen them. but not for a long time. Interviewer: I just happened to see one today. 289: well you in the wrong neighborhood. {C: were?} Interviewer: Yeah I was over by the uh what's that place? uh {X} 289: oh. Interviewer: drove on out there and stopped they were out there at about one, that's why I knew they were out there. 289: I haven't seen one in years. {C: cut off one in} I don't go looking for 'em. {C: cut off for 'em} Interviewer: yeah okay. yeah okay. uh you ever heard those called anything else? besides dragonflies? 289: no. Interviewer: mosquito? 289: well it's just a big mosquito to us. mosquito of some kind. Interviewer: okay. How about uh stinging insects? 289: bees. Interviewer: yeah like that. what el- what else can you have {NS} the ones that build 289: wasp. Interviewer: alright and if you have more than one wasp you have 289: a hive? Interviewer: okay well if you got one wasp and one wasp, you got two 289: t- wasps. {C: cut off second half of wasps} Interviewer: okay. and uh and how bout how about um the uh the type that builds its nest in the ground they'll swarm over ya. they'll yellow and black striped my old high school mascot. Georgia Tech's mascot. 289: Georgia Tech? the only thing I think of us- is uh horses, Donkeys, and things like that. {C: cut off and things} Geor- I don't even know. Interviewer: #1 {D: not the yellow jackets?} # 289: #2 Not Georgia Tech. # Interviewer: yellow jacket. you ever heard of a yellow jacket? 289: No, not really. Interviewer: Okay. how about uh small insects that can burrow into your skin when you're walking through the weeds? 289: Oh. ringworms. I don't know if you get them that way. ringworms. Interviewer: alright these some of these you can just get in your yard it just #1 little things they may itch. and uh, and um # 289: #2 worms. pinworms. # Interviewer: you know up north they say you can get it from moss? 289: oh red ants! we get it from you mean the moss you hang from the tree? Interviewer: yeah these not red ants but they're red go on. they're like this- okay I I don't do you have anything out here like that do you go out in the weeds or something you get these bites all over your legs? 289: n- no it'd be sandfly bites or mosquito bites. Interviewer: anything else? 289: yeah a snake bite if you're not lucky. but that's about it. Interviewer: #1 okay. # 289: #2 sandflies. # but they don't bite, I don't think. Interviewer: okay how about uh an insect uh another kind of stinging insect that that builds the big paper nests you know they they make 'em out of uh 289: Hornet. Interviewer: Do you ever do you ever have any of those out here? 289: to me anything that stings you is a bee of some kind. Interviewer: okay. and uh, what would you use to go fishing with? 289: with me? a handline. Interviewer: what would you use for bait? the small fish. 289: small what you want, a shrimp? some people use squid I prefer mullet Interviewer: well what a um a very small fish that you would use for bait? you say I'm gonna go buy some 289: they look like they got a little pointed nose? on the front Interviewer: yeah. what do you call those? 289: not ballyhoo. my brother in u- law used them for trawling, but I don't know what they are. {X} Interviewer: you ever you know like minnows? you ever use those out here? 289: not I haven't. Interviewer: Shiners? 289: Shiners. I've heard shi- I've Interviewer: #1 is that a mainland thing? # 289: #2 heard of people # think so, not. I wouldn't mostly key west people if they are key west people use mullet. 'cause mullet will stay on your line a whole lot longer the fish is gonna have a harder a harder time getting the mullet off the line as what he would used to if you use shrimp one bite and he's got it. and squid is something similar to like shrimp it comes apart kinda easy Interviewer: is it a better bait though? 289: mullet to me is the best. Interviewer: I see- i go out to the pier and I see them using the nets to get the bait 289: yeah the shiners. you know the little thing. Interviewer: is that is that what they call them is shiners? 289: I don't know what they call it. But it's so they can {C: cut out but it's} Interviewer: I mean didn't you just said shiners I was wondering #1 Is that- # 289: #2 yeah. Shiners. # that's about the only thing I know that they would do we just say they're catching their bait. their little fish Interviewer: okay. how about those little w- uh those things you find in the corner uh of a house or something when it's h- 289: Cobwebs? Interviewer: and uh if you see one out in a tree it's all 289: the spider uh it's a web. Interviewer: okay is there a difference between a cobweb and a and one that's outside? 289: think it's just a different no they the ones in the house you can get down easier than the ones in the yard. I think the ones that's made by the b- the insect out in the yard is you know, sturdier. the inside and the one on the inside has big long legs growing out with a little teeny body. like a pinhead body with longer legs. growing out. Interviewer: okay. how about the part of a tree underneath the ground it's called the 289: roots. Interviewer: do you know of any uh native uh oh medicines or anything made from roots? that people do? 289: not from roots but I know the aloe tree. we got a lot of 'em around here. They use that. Interviewer: Aloe vera? 289: Yeah. It's it grows up It almost looks like a cactus of some- some kind. And you strip it off and then you le- strip out layers. #1 You use it. # Interviewer: #2 You use it. # For what? 289: It's good for your skin. My grandmother used it one time when her feet used to swell up all the time, she'd take the strips out of the jar and she'd wrap them around her an- uh her foot and wrap it up afterwards with you know gauze or something. Interviewer: Huh. 289: and the aloe lotion is good for uh burns, you know if it's mixed right with the right ingredients it's good for if you get burned. it's it's real good for your skin. Interviewer: yeah I've seen the small ones. do they have big ones here? 289: mm-hmm. {X} My grandma used to have a big one set out like this in the backyard. {C: cut out big one} Interviewer: four or five or three feet across? 289: yeah. and I see that key west fragrance place uses aloe. Most of all their products. and the sun tan lotion and you can buy the eye cream, all that kind of stuff Interviewer: mm-hmm. 289: has aloe, about eighty percent aloe in it. and it can heal it fast, it can heal you. Interviewer: hmm. okay how about uh um The kind of tree that you would tap for syrup up north 289: ma- uh what, a maple tree? Interviewer: okay. and what would you call a place where there is a lot of maple growing? that they're using for syrup. would you know? 289: No. Interviewer: Okay. How about the kind of tree with a oh in the bible, the tree that Zach uh Zach Zachias climbed up 289: {NW} Interviewer: Nobody's taller, he climbed up when Jesus was walking by. He climbed up a- 289: The only thing I could think about climbing would be a palm tree? Interviewer: Okay this is the big tree that it has the The bark just peels of in great big hunks. It's a northern tree. a sy- 289: Sequoia? No. Interviewer: Syca- 289: Sycamore. Interviewer: okay. How about now what what what are the most common What are the trees here? have you have we talked about that? 289: Palm trees. Ponciano trees. Poinsettia trees. Orchid trees. Now these aren't the little orchids that you're thinking of. You know, for bouquets. Big Orchids. We have a what they call it an autograph tree. in the backyard. here. Interviewer: what's that like? 289: they used it in olden days for smuggling, you know when they wanted to get out a message? {NW} you can write on the leaf, and it'll keep the writing on it. and people would just sneak it into their luggage or hide it somewhere. take out messages you know like up to the north or the south like that. we have Spanish lime trees. soursap trees, guava trees, avocados, mangoes um pi- no, sugar apple trees. Interviewer: Any kind of hardwoods? 289: They have some pine trees oh no that's soft pine. Uh I don't think they have anything that's real hardwood anymore. Interviewer: okay. What about the kind of tree that George Washington's supposed to cut down? 289: Cherry tree. Interviewer: Any of those around? 289: Yes. Maybe not that type of cherry but they got them. Interviewer: Okay uh up on the mainland they might say uh um don't go out in the woods because you might get so- you might brush you might against some what's- 289: Poison Ivy Interviewer: And what's the other one? There's poison ivy and there's- 289: Poison Oak. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Then there's another one. # Poison su- 289: Poison Ivy poison oak that's about it. Interviewer: #1 Okay # 289: #2 that I know of # Interviewer: did did you ever hear of a bush that grows along fences and roads north uh and and and uh the leaves turn bright red real bright red early and it has small clusters of berries or {D: bobs} and the they're used by old people in tanning leather. 289: I've heard it but I don't know what the word is. Interviewer: su- sum- 289: cinnamon? Interviewer: sumac. you ever hear of suma- sumac? 289: sumac the only way I he- ever heard of sumac is Yma Sumac. Peru- Peruvian singer they used to have here. Interviewer: how about uh what huh? {NW} a singer? 289: she had I think a eight octave range, she had more octave range than anyone else. Interviewer: eight octaves! 289: I remember that when I was a little girl they had a l- uh reruns on television and she'd be singing almost like bass and jump up all the way up A above high A. and go Interviewer: that's almost incomprehensible. Eight octaves! 289: I know she had m- I think it was seven or eight. she had more than any other one at that time had. Interviewer: mercy. are there any- um berries growing here? 289: berries {C: quiet} no. Interviewer: what kind of berries can you name/ just any 289: what strawberries? Interviewer: {X} 289: #1 Raspberries # Interviewer: #2 alright # 289: gooseberries {NS} Raspberries {NS} berries. Interviewer: okay like you might say in the woods some berries are 289: #1 wild berries # Interviewer: #2 are are # are good and what you got to be careful because some of them might be 289: poisonous. Interviewer: okay and um up north there's a great big tree that has big- this is in Florida now north central Florida it's- probably find some around Disney World and they have big white flowers and big shiny leaves very smelly and they- 289: Magnolias? Interviewer: okay. and um they don't grow too much further south than that. 289: No. In fact I haven't even seen a magnolia in oh yes I did they have one in and uh Interviewer: okay if a married woman doesn't want to make up her own mind she says I must ask 289: my husband Interviewer: and if uh a man and the man doesn't want to make up his 289: I have to ask my wife Interviewer: okay. and a woman who's lost her husband is called a 289: a widow Interviewer: okay. and {NS} uh uh eh sons and daughters are called your 289: children. Interviewer: okay. and how about any pet names for children, small kids. 289: small kids. that's my daughter or my pet that's my my daughter? my pet? Interviewer: you know just you know the uh you know the little 289: #1 {D: Peck's bad boy?} # Interviewer: #2 A cute little # 289: cute little kid? Interviewer: okay. and uh uh how about uh something with wheels on it put the baby in, the baby can lay 289: buggy or carriage Interviewer: okay and if you put the baby in the carriage you go out and 289: walk. Interviewer: yeah. okay. and um {NW} how about if you were t- talking about a range in children's ages you would say um you've got say you've got three children. Sally's twenty um see Nelly's sixteen and bill's fourteen. okay? You'd say sally is the 289: oldest. Interviewer: okay. and uh uh I forget the names. 289: {X} the youngest. Interviewer: okay. and if you just had two you'd say um uh say 289: well the girl Interviewer: one is the 289: My son is the youngest my daughter is the oldest or Sally's the oldest Interviewer: okay how about would you ever speak in terms of being grown up? like uh um he is the most 289: i think you'd say he's more mature more grown up. Interviewer: okay. someone might say Betty is our youngest 289: child? Interviewer: or sense it's a girl 289: daughter Interviewer: okay and um uh children are boys and 289: girls Interviewer: now if a woman's going to have a child does you say she's 289: pregnant Interviewer: okay. any other local terms? 289: swallowed a watermelon seed. Interviewer: {NW} 289: Now she's pregnant, she's carrying that's about it. Interviewer: okay. and if they don't have a doctor to delivery the baby 289: #1 midwife. # Interviewer: #2 woman # okay. any of those they still have those here? 289: {NW} i don't know. I know I w- when I was born um my mother had a midwife. and so was my brother. but I think after my s- my sister came you know that's when the hospitals really started doing it. Interviewer: if okay a boy and his father have the same appearance. you say the boy- what? 289: looks like his father. Interviewer: okay. uh {NS} okay. and uh uh if a mother has looked after three children 'til they're completely grown up you say she has blank three children. 289: raised. Interviewer: okay. and uh yeah to a naughty child you say you're going to get a 289: Spanking. Interviewer: okay. how about uh a grown up man talking to another grown up man who's uh one that's uh ticked off the other one pretty bad he says you're going to get a 289: sock. or a punch. {D: sheltered} Interviewer: okay. you never w- you never say the same thing to a child as you would to an adult, would you? 289: well my n- my youngest nephew that's living with us he watches you know TV and all Interviewer: #1 uh what did you # 289: #2 Playing I- # My youngest nephew. Interviewer: oh. 289: living with us. sometimes if he doesn't watch it then he's gonna get a knuckle sandwich. cause he likes uh sanford and son and chico Interviewer: Oh. okay. 289: {X} Interviewer: That's where they say that? 289: on sanford and son they says you can get this a knuckle. Interviewer: {NW} 289: How would you like these five? Interviewer: That's- oh okay. that's the one with the 289: #1 red fox. # Interviewer: #2 red fox. yeah. # okay. alright a child that isn't a child that's born to an unmarried woman is a what? 289: illegitimate Interviewer: okay. are there any local names for children like that? 289: no. illegitimate's about it. Interviewer: okay Alright you might say Jane is a loving child but Peggy is a lot 289: more loving? Interviewer: okay would you ever use uh without the more? 289: more loving. no i think I would always use the more loving. Interviewer: okay. what would it sound like if you didn't use the more. as a compari- 289: loving? she's more loving. Interviewer: alright. peggy is a loving child but uh sally is a lot more uh sally 289: {NW} see you put the more in! you can't leave the more out. Interviewer: {X} would you ever have you ever heard anybody {D: compare their own} someone uh like loving 289: no. the- more or less you'll hear them say one's more outgoing than the other. or one's more a- the uh- you know at home domestic one. and the other one's gotta be on the go. Interviewer: okay. now you say we talk about what would a child that's lost his parents 289: it's an orphan. Interviewer: okay. and uh the person appointed to look after the orphan is called it's 289: guardian. Interviewer: okay. uh uh you might say yes she has the same family name and looks a bit like me but actually 289: she's adopted. Interviewer: alright but talking about you're not really she uh you know you're not really of the same family you'd say but actually 289: she looks like me but she's not mine resemblance? Interviewer: say uh yes she has the same family name and looks a bit like me but actually 289: she's not {NW} Interviewer: she's not my 289: relative or rela- or not related Interviewer: okay. she's n- alright she's no 289: no relation. Interviewer: okay. and uh someone like me who comes into town never seen him before 289: you're a stranger Interviewer: okay. and uh any local terms for stranger? 289: outsider. um if they know where you're at or if they know a nickname from where you're at they might call you that. {NS} generally they say you're a newcomer. Interviewer: okay. alright how about a real common name for a girl beginning with M? 289: Mary. Interviewer: okay. and George Washington's Wife? 289: Martha Interviewer: okay. and how about a nickname for Helen, beggining with N? 289: Nancy? No. Interviewer: #1 Wait until the sun shines # 289: #2 N? # Nelly. Interviewer: Okay. And uh uh the first uh um blank mark luke and john 289: Matthew? Interviewer: Okay. and uh uh what do you call a woman who conducts school? 289: who con- teacher? Interviewer: yeah. okay would you- how about any uh old fashioned names? 289: the old maid. No. {NS} they got 'em but I can't think of what it is. Interviewer: a school- 289: Schoolmarm. Interviewer: something like that? okay. you ever heard grandmother talk anything like that? okay. how about we'll tak about movies now. You know that guy that does the westerns walks around says yup a lot and uh his first name is gary? 289: Gary Cooper. Interviewer: alright now if he had a wife she her- she'd be 289: Mrs. Cooper. Interviewer: okay. and um uh you might go up and say hello what? 289: well if i want his autograph and and if I didn't think he was in a good mood I'd say may I have your autograph Mr. Cooper. Interviewer: Alright. now if you're just if you wanted to talk to her you'd say hello 289: Mrs. Cooper. Interviewer: okay. alright how about a person who doesn't really know his trade real well okay? but he may just to get by. okay? Like you know a carpenter or a preacher something like that. and uh well let's say a preacher that's not really trained, doesn't have a regular pulpit. Teaches on sunday here and there, but makes his living doing something else. uh if he isn't very good even at preaching you might call him a you ever heard any terms for that? 289: {NW} No but I know a few preachers in this town that's got the job that uh are like that. Interviewer: you ever heard um an untrained par- part-time you know uh not just a preacher but you know any trade. 289: what, jack of all trades, master of none? Interviewer: something like that. you ever heard of jackolade? 289: No. Interviewer: uh like a jackolade uh carpenter or a jackolade preacher. alright. what relation would my mother's sister be to me? 289: Your aunt. Interviewer: Okay. and {NS} 289: A lot of people say aunt this way too. It's all according to how it's used. Interviewer: mm how do you use it? now I've got you saying that in other places too. nine times out of ten I know what you say. what w-w-w you 289: {X} say aunt all the time Interviewer: see that's what I've been picking up most. um if an old man is still quite strong and active and doesn't show his age you might say he's still quite 289: he's in good shape? Interviewer: say he's quite 289: active? {NS} young at {NW} doesn't show his age. Interviewer: #1 he's got a lot of # 289: #2 that's about it. # energy left in him. Interviewer: okay. any- okay. how about uh um {NW} so well like here's the {X} an old person say about eighty who does farmwork uh and and doesn't get tired. okay and you might say I don't care how old he or she is, he or she is mighty 289: young. Interviewer: for 289: for their age. Interviewer: okay something like that. how about and you might say the children are out later than usual. I don't suppose there's anything wrong, but I can't help feeling a little 289: worried. Interviewer: alright. and you might say um uh you wouldn't say that you feel easy about it, you'd say that you feel {NS} 289: be uneasy or nervous or worried about it. Interviewer: okay. and uh you might say I don't want to go upstairs in the dark, I'm 289: afraid or scared. Interviewer: okay. and um uh {NS} {NS} someone who leaves a lot of money on the table and leaves the door unlocked, you'd say is mighty 289: careless. Interviewer: okay. and uh there's nothing really wrong with aunt lizzie but sometimes she acts 289: #1 strange. # Interviewer: #2 kind of what? # alright. any other words for strange here that you might 289: #1 weird. # Interviewer: #2 might use # how about queer? would that ever be used is that 289: #1 queer? # Interviewer: #2 in in # in that sense? yeah. 289: {NW} maybe a few years back you might say queer. but I don't think not nowadays cause there are too many queers down here. Interviewer: now now when you say too many queers what are you talking about? 289: homosexuals or lesbians. Interviewer: okay. and uh has uh now that's that's is now now you're talking about the old days. when you were young had that started then? 289: well you you might say he's a little weird, mere- a little strange in his thinking, or uh his mind wandered off you know, he'd be talking about one thing and then switch to something else. Interviewer: okay. uh alright. if a man is very sure of his own ways and never wants to change you say don't be so 289: optimistic? Interviewer: #1 no he's # 289: #2 no. # Interviewer: not so much that but let's say you want him to change his mind and he just will not do it. 289: stubborn. Interviewer: okay. 289: that's me. once I've made up my mind. Interviewer: okay. how about somebody that you just can't joke with without them losing their temper? you say uh uh he is mighty 289: touchy Interviewer: okay. and how about uh you say I was just kidding I didn't know he'd get 289: riled up Interviewer: anything else? 289: ticked off Interviewer: anything else? 289: riled up, ticked off mad upset Interviewer: alright how about somebody's about to lose their temper you tell them just 289: cool it. Interviewer: alright. how about 289: take it easy. Interviewer: or just 289: what? rela- keep cool, relax. Interviewer: alright or keep calm. 289: calm. Interviewer: okay. and uh if you've been working very hard you say you've been very 289: tired. Interviewer: are- or you are 289: bushed or beat. Interviewer: okay. 289: #1 exhausted # Interviewer: #2 and uh # oh okay. and you might say uh um if you're very very tired you might say I'm all 289: what? ti- um Interviewer: I am completely 289: exhausted beat. you'd use about the same words! I'm pooped out. Interviewer: how about something instead of pooped there. 289: {NW} dead. Interviewer: okay. how about uh uh like if I was very very tired which I was about two days ago uh you might say I'm just all 289: worn out. Interviewer: there you go. that's- I need that. okay and uh if a person like yesterday you saw her and she's just fine just healthy and nimble and then last night uh uh a disease attacked her. 289: mm-hmm Interviewer: and uh uh you would say that suddenly you know they have some disease you would say last night she 289: was fine Interviewer: alright but you know 289: In good health. Interviewer: right and then then last night she you know the act of coming 289: came down with whatever it was Interviewer: okay how about uh would you say alright if if uh you sit in a draft you say last night I 289: caught a draft. caught a cold. Interviewer: alright okay. and how about uh if uh uh still back to this person you'd say uh if if if she is sick today and it stareted on sunday you might say sunday she blank sick. 289: sunday she was sicks was sick. Interviewer: now she's sick today. and and it happened it first started on on sunday. so you might say sunday she 289: came down Interviewer: okay. {NS} uh you would say she's she's sick now but she'll be up again 289: up and about Interviewer: alright she'll be up and about by 289: by thursday and or a couple days. Interviewer: okay. um {X} say so we'll get there 289: we'll get there when you see us. Interviewer: Okay we'll all we'll all meet in the great yonder by 289: by and Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 289: #2 by # Interviewer: {NS} how about uh if if my voice continues like this I'm gonna get all 289: hoarse. Interviewer: yeah. and uh {NS} {NW: Cough} what do you call that? 289: cough. Interviewer: okay. and uh might say I better go to sleep I'm feeling a little uh 289: drowsy. Interviewer: okay. And uh at six o'clock I'll 289: what six o'clock in the #1 morning you're going to get up? # Interviewer: #2 yeah # alright six o'clock in the morning I'll 289: wake up. Interviewer: okay and um if your brother was asleep and your mother told you to uh says He's still sleeping. better go 289: get him up. Interviewer: okay. any any other terms you might use there? 289: if it's my brother you could dump a tub of water on him and it might help. rouse him. Interviewer: okay. if if you can't hear anything at all you say you're stone 289: Deaf. Interviewer: okay. and uh if a person began to sweat when he started work, by the time he finished you'd say that he blank a lot in the hot sun 289: sweated a lot. Interviewer: okay. and uh what do you call one of those sores that swells up, comes to a head 289: boils? Interviewer: okay and what do you call the stuff inside of it? 289: the pus? fluid? Interviewer: okay anything else? okay now if you got some infection on your hand so that your hand got bigger than it ought to be 289: swelled up. Interviewer: okay. and uh um uh you might say um um uh it's still pretty badly 289: swollen Interviewer: okay. and if it's not infected it probably won't 289: it's not infected Interviewer: probably won't 289: swell up any more. Interviewer: okay. and uh when you get a blister what do you call the liquid inside of that? 289: just fluid Interviewer: the 289: water Interviewer: okay. and in a war if a bullet goes through your arm, or not your arm but somebody's arm, you'd say they have a 289: wound. Interviewer: okay. this one is weird. how about this is a kind of skinless growth in a wound, that's got to be burned out. and it's a kind of 289: gangrene? Interviewer: {NW} well no I don't think so. {NW} 289: if it's been burned out Interviewer: how about some times it has to be cut or burned out with {X} and uh um uh if it doesn't, when a wound doesn't heal clean, a white granular substance might form around the edge. 289: what, pus? Interviewer: okay how about um it's it's called some kind of flesh. have you ever heard anything called something flesh? 289: No. Interviewer: have you ever heard of proud for like flesh. 289: no. Interviewer: okay if you get just a little scrape on your finger you put some of that 289: {X} uh mu- merthiolate mercurochrome iodine Interviewer: okay and uh years ago when you got yellow fever they used to give you this stuff to take the fever down. what's that stuff they used to give you to take the fever down? real bitter {NS} 289: you got me. Interviewer: it comes from barks of trees and uh the the pills that you take for 289: sulfur? {X} it's bitter. sulfur's #1 bitter. # Interviewer: #2 it used # it used to be given as a tonic for malaria. I tell you they have uh uh if people who drink gin 289: #1 tonic? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # yeah it's they use it in tonic now real bitter. it's very very bitter they say that's as bitter as qua- 289: quinine Interviewer: {NW} and uh if uh you know if a man was shot and didn't recover you would say that he 289: he's dead. he died. Interviewer: okay. any any crude or humorous ways of talking about somebody dieing like say 289: kick the bucket. Interviewer: okay. anything else? {NS} 289: passed on. Interviewer: okay. how uh you might say uh um 289: going to the great reward in the sky Interviewer: okay you might say I don't know what he died 289: of. Interviewer: okay. and uh the place where people are buried 289: cemetery Interviewer: and the the box that they're buried in 289: coffin. Interviewer: and the ceremony? is a 289: burial burial ceremony Interviewer: okay he was an important man, eveyone turned out for his 289: funeral Interviewer: and if people are all dressed in black, you say they are in 289: mourning. Interviewer: okay. and uh now are there any special ways of burial here because of uh i mean is it common i mean do you still have internment or is there uh you still use 289: they make a vault. if you own your own property in this cemetery here uh they make vaults they usually go down well on one of our plots there's three people buried. 'cause it goes down far enough and they just add it on. Interviewer: you mean above? 289: above the ground. Interviewer: Oh okay. 289: now the new cemeteries or maybe up in like in ma- Miami way {NW} they don't allow interment above the ground. Interviewer: but out here you have vaults. 289: mm. they make the vaults. Or in Miami they have the vaults but it's under grass. and theres a only monument they might put is a cross with your name on it. but here they have you know the big graves and the big statues of angels {NW} my great- gra- my grandfather's had a big valentine on his. well then when my grandmother passed away they put my grandmother on top {NW} when my father passed away it was my great-grandfather, my great-grandmother and then my father on top Interviewer: and it all, in a row? 289: all of them. all of them. cause see two of them well one of them was below the ground and one of them was only maybe about this tall off the ground so they just put my father on top. Interviewer: hm. so i uh well okay it's almost like 289: the original the original um cemetery lot was big enough for four graves across. so really we got enough room for at least um one more grave Interviewer: Four high. 289: put 'em three up. three up. Interviewer: three up. okay. 289: you can really uh here you can do it any way you want to. It's y- it's yours to do Cause they'll have these big uh things where they everything's above the ground. maybe you'll see a row it looks like almost like a house and twelve spaces in it it's up to you it's what you want some people put marble you know on it #1 Some people put tile # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Do they still have like do the black people still have any special 289: oh when they go they have the biggest funeral be singing in the church and all the clubs come out if they're members of it you know. they'll be marching down the streets and singing Interviewer: they got bands? 289: someti- they used to have when I was smaller I don't know about now. Interviewer: well do you have a name for that? what they call that? 289: no. I don't remember what they call them. f- f- Oh! Funeral precession, something like that. Interviewer: They ever call anything like a wake? 289: Yes. Wake. The Irish have their wakes. Interviewer: Didn't you say you were part 289: Irish and mm English. Indian. Interviewer: Okay. and uh alright if if you meet somebody in the street and they and and they say well uh how are you today and you're feeling just about average, what would you say? 289: So-so. Interviewer: So-so. How about uh and if you if you met somebody in the morning uh between uh between uh no if you met somebody say if you met somebody say between twelve noon and uh dinnertime, what would you say to them? 289: you mean good afternoon, good morning? #1 I'm doing fine. # Interviewer: #2 okay # what are some of the other ways that you could go about greeting like that? {NS} 289: Hello? How are you doing? How you been? Long time, haven't seen you. Interviewer: How about uh- 289: What have you been doing? Interviewer: after dinner you might say good 289: Good evening. Interviewer: okay. and the last time somebody leaves your house and they're leaving you know you 289: good night. Interviewer: okay. and uh if uh if you start if if a man has to get up and start working just as the sun comes into sight you say he had to start work at 289: ri- uh dawn. Interviewer: or 289: sunrise. Interviewer: okay and the opposite 289: sunset Interviewer: okay. 289: #1 Dusk. # Interviewer: #2 now if you say # you say the sun will 289: set. Interviewer: alright and the opposite of set is 289: sunrise Interviewer: well alright and you say yesterday the sun 289: set. Interviewer: okay and yesterday the sun 289: rose. Interviewer: okay. and you say last week the sun had 289: risen. Interviewer: okay and uh um okay today is uh Thursday? 289: Thursday. Interviewer: uh you would say uh Wednesday was 289: yesterday. Interviewer: okay and fr- uh fr- 289: Friday's tomorrow Interviewer: okay. and um uh if somebody came on sunday okay 289: mhmm Interviewer: uh the last sunday 289: a week ago sunday Interviewer: how about uh if if he's if if he's going to leave 289: next sunday or next week Interviewer: okay would you ever say sunday a week 289: mm-mm. oh! Might say a week from sunday. Interviewer: okay. how about if someone came on the first and stayed 'til the thirteenth or fourteenth what would you call that 289: stayed for two weeks Interviewer: and um uh what time is it? 289: right now it's almost seven thirty. Interviewer: okay is there any other ways of saying that? 289: half past seven. Interviewer: okay and uh fifteen minutes ago it was 289: quarter after seven or seven fifteen. Interviewer: and that is a 289: a watch! Interviewer: okay. and uh uh if you've been doing something for a long time you might say I've been doing that for quite 289: a while. Interviewer: okay. and you might say the farmers got a pretty good crop last year, but they're not going to get such a good one 289: this year. Interviewer: okay. and uh if a child has just had his third birthday you would say he's 289: three years old. Interviewer: okay now something happened on this day last year, you say it happened exactly a year ago. okay. and those white things in the clou- 289: clouds? white things in the sky. Interviewer: okay. and um okay the uh got ten more items. okay? I think it's gonna run about five altogether. I said between four and six so I think five would be best. which would be the end of this tape here. uh what right now we've taped about an hour since I've been here. 289: mhmm. Interviewer: uh okay if um if somebody's troubled, you might say um oh it'll come out alright don't 289: worry about it. Interviewer: okay. and uh what's the disease of the joints called? 289: arthritis, bursitis, rheumatism Interviewer: okay. how about the disease where you turn yellow? 289: jaundice. Interviewer: and uh very ser- this used to be a very severe disease they got innoculations for it now you'd get blisters on the inside of the throat and kids used to die from it they'd choke to death. dip- 289: diphtheria? Interviewer: okay. and uh when you have your appendix taken out you say you had an attack of 289: appendicitis Interviewer: okay and uh if uh you might say he he should eat something that might uh if you should eat something that doesn't agree with you uh and it wouldn't stay down, you would say uh you had to 289: Throw up Interviewer: or 289: vomit Interviewer: okay. any crude terms that you can think of for that? 289: well if it was gonna go both ways the people Cuban people call it {D: cusokouanas} means you got it up and down. Interviewer: mm 289: you vomit. you heaved. Interviewer: okay. and if if you were sick like that you would say or the person vomitting you would say he was sick 289: to his stomach. to his stomach. Interviewer: okay and uh how would you fill this in and you might tell your friends anytime you can come over, we blank to see you! 289: be happy to see you, glad to see you. Interviewer: okay would you ever use the word proud in there? be proud to see you? 289: no. don't think so. Interviewer: okay uh uh if a young man is very much interested in a young woman spends a lot of- young girl and spends a lot of time with her so that the neighbors start noticing 289: #1 mhmm # Interviewer: #2 the uh activities? # um uh what woul- and the neighbors think that his intenetions are serious, what would they say he's doing? 289: courting her. Interviewer: okay around here? and any other terms? 289: going steady, seeing. seeing each other. keeping company. Interviewer: okay. and what would they call him to her? he is 289: boyfriend Interviewer: alright and she is his 289: girlfriend Interviewer: okay anything else? 289: sweetheart Interviewer: if the boy comes home with lipstick on his colar his brother says you've been 289: smooching Interviewer: okay. any other terms for that? 289: kissing necking Interviewer: okay. and uh if he asks her to marry him and she doesn't want him what do you say she did to him? 289: she turned him down. Interviewer: okay. any any other terms like that? 289: {X} rejected him? Interviewer: okay. how about the old term? 289: what broke up? no? Interviewer: J- 289: jilted? Interviewer: yeah 289: jilt is when you uh the way I think of jilt is if you're engaged and then br- and you know and she says no and she goes to somebody else. Interviewer: okay well it's you know he asked her to marry him 289: well if she didn't say yes then changed her mind Interviewer: oh oh do you see engagement as a as a more of a a committed uh to marriage thing, or is that just the intermediate stuff? 289: to me if you become engaged it's with the intention that you are to marry. Interviewer: So it's a contract? 289: so more or less, yeah. Interviewer: okay How about uh at the wedding, who's the man that stands with the groom? He's called 289: best man. Interviewer: and the girl that stands up with the bride? 289: Maid of honor or Matron of honor. Interviewer: okay how- around here do you ever hear anybody talking about any old customs involving marriage? Like for example with a married couple would go to their house and people would stand around the house all night long making noise or something? 289: No. but if they can find out where you're staying they'll make a lot of racket. Interviewer: do they have a name for that? 289: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # do the ever have 289: #1 Not here, not anymore. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # We're going to have a Ever- you ever heard a term like shiv- shivalry? 289: No. Chivalry, I wouldn't think of chivalry that way. Interviewer: now- now this isn't like 289: no not the way Interviewer: no no no not like 289: #1 okay. no. # Interviewer: #2 {D: sir walter raleigh} # 289: No. Not that way. Interviewer: this is s i v, s h i v a r 289: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 ee- # It's a noisey- okay. uh you've never heard that at all here? okay. and uh what do you well uh young people do well you know most young people anyway like to go out in the evening where they move around the floor with music 289: dancing Interviewer: okay any other terms for that? around here? 289: Nope. dancing's dancing. Go out t- no. #1 That's about it. # Interviewer: #2 Like in high school do they have # 289: going to a prom, going to a dance. that's about it. Interviewer: okay and uh if if children get out of school at four oclock you say at four a clock school is what? 289: lets out. Interviewer: okay. and uh after vacation they say when does school 289: begin Interviewer: again 289: no just begin. Interviewer: oh okay well how would you say when does school blank again? 289: when was begin again. Interviewer: okay and uh {NS} the uh if a boy left home to go to school and didn't show, he #1 Did what? # 289: #2 he was # going to school oh playing hooky. Interviewer: #1 okay and if it was a co- # 289: #2 skipped # school. Interviewer: alright yeah but if it was a college would you say hooky? 289: you could play hooky or skipping class. Interviewer: okay. if- you go to schol to get an 289: education. Interviewer: and uh after kindergaten you go into the 289: you go into elementary. Interviewer: okay and what's the 289: first grade? Interviewer: okay and uh you might say someone left a note on my 289: desk. Interviewer: and the classroom has new 289: desks Interviewer: okay, and this is a- this whole 289: {X} well this building? Interviewer: yeah. 289: the library. Interviewer: okay. and uh place where you mail letters? 289: Post office. Interviewer: the uh downtown not the uh the type that you can drive into but downtown a place where you can stay overnight? 289: Ho- what a hotel? Motel? Interviewer: Okay. and uh you see a play at the 289: theatre Interviewer: okay and if you had to have an operation you go to the 289: Hospital Interviewer: where they have these little women in the dressed in white 289: Nurses Interviewer: And one of them is a 289: nurse. Interviewer: and uh if there were if there were a train that came out on the keys, you would catch the train at the 289: Railroad station or depot. Interviewer: Okay. and you catch the bus at the 289: bus station Interviewer: okay an open place in the city where green green grass and trees in the city 289: #1 Park. # Interviewer: #2 mean # okay any other names for that? {NS} 289: No they here they just call it a park. Interviewer: okay um in this situation where you have a crossroads downtown like and your standing hereand someone says where's the bank, and that's the bank you point over there and you say it's just 289: across the street or catty-cornered Interviewer: okay and uh vehicles that used to run on tracks with a wire overhead that you could hop on 289: what, trolley? electric cars? Interviewer: no used to have them in miami. years ago 289: don't ask me. Interviewer: before they had the other thing. 289: first time I rode in a trolley I was in San Francisco. Interviewer: Oh yeah? they still have those. 289: mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay if you were on one of these local what do you have what kind of public transportation do you have here? 289: Just the buses. Interviewer: okay they call it anything else? 289: city buses. that's it Interviewer: but not {X} 289: no. Interviewer: Is that different? or do you know what that is? 289: I don't even know what it is. Interviewer: okay they got those in miami. those are smaller. usually privately operated. 289: no. Interviewer: as far as I know. how about uh if you're on the if you're on the bus you might tell the bus driver the next corner is where I want 289: get off or be left off get off Interviewer: and uh who pays the postmaster? the federal 289: federal government Interviewer: okay and the police in town are supposed to maintain what? 289: {NW} peace and order Interviewer: okay anything else uh begin the first word? instead of peace you might say they're supposed to maintain 289: {NW} they can't even maintain the peace and order. Interviewer: {NW} how about la- 289: laws? Interviewer: #1 Well see- # 289: #2 No. # Interviewer: they maintain you ever hear them say uh maintain the la- and order? 289: Law and Order. Interviewer: yeah. is that the or is it peace and order here. 289: would be law and order. peace. Interviewer: like when someone campaigns like a sheriff he says I'm gonna 289: yeah mm-hmm they promise a lot. Interviewer: {NW} okay how about what they call the fight between the northern and southern states in 1861 the people around 289: the war b- uh war between the states? Interviewer: okay people around here call it that? when they refer to it or is 289: I do. {X} what? fight against the north and south? south and north? Interviewer: uh yeah 289: yankees and #1 rebels # Interviewer: #2 yeah that # one. 289: I always say its the fight between the what is it, the fight between the states? north and south? Interviewer: okay. key west was a northern base in that, wasn't it? 289: we had I think, if I'm not mistaken we had both at different times. they always said in key west you could be either one, whichever you prefer. {NS} but most Key Westers stand up when they play Dixie Interviewer: oh yeah? 289: mm-hmm Interviewer: you mean like at ball games? {NS} 289: Yes. oh well they have um {NS} They don't do it anymore. they did when I was in high school they played dixie something like that Interviewer: yeah I remember when I- 289: and then when I was in schoo- elementary school they played dixie. Interviewer: Okay. How about uh alright now U.S states. ALbany is the capital of 289: New York Interviewer: okay and Annapolis 289: Maryland Interviewer: okay and richmond is the capital 289: Virginia Interviewer: okay and raleigh is the capital 289: what is it north carolina or south carolina north carolina I guess Interviewer: okay. and uh Sherman marched across 289: Delaware. Interviewer: Delaware? 289: #1 Sherm- # Interviewer: #2 Sherman Sherman you talking about # washington crossed 289: okay Delaware Sherman marched across Interviewer: you know he set fire to the s- you know that everybody just north of Florida you have 289: What Alabama? Georgia? Interviewer: okay. and uh Baton Rouge is the capital of 289: Louisiana Interviewer: And the Bluegrass State is 289: Kentucky Interviewer: Okay. And the volunteer state? 289: Don't ask me Interviewer: Alright uh You know the state where all the country music comes from? 289: Tennessee Interviewer: Okay And the show me state? 289: I know the hoosier state show me I don't know. Can't think of it. Interviewer: Okay. you remember remember the town that I said I was from? 289: Missouri? Interviewer: Alright. that's that's the state. and the town? that I said I #1 {D: come from} # 289: #2 St. Louis? # Interviewer: Okay. and um little rock is the capital of 289: Arkansas Interviewer: and jackson is the capital of 289: Mississippi. Interviewer: And the lone star state is 289: Texas. Interviewer: And Tulsa is in 289: Oklahoma Interviewer: And Boston is in 289: Boston is Massachusetts! Interviewer: Okay and the states from Maine to conneticutt are called 289: Are New England states. Interviewer: okay And how about the biggest city in Maryland 289: You got me Interviewer: Hotel or hotel 289: Baltimore Interviewer: Okay and uh uh the capital of the USA is 289: Washington DC Interviewer: Okay and the old historical seaport in South Carolina 289: Charleston Interviewer: And the big steel-making town in alabama where the have all the steel mills 289: the steel Interviewer: It's right {X} 289: Birmington? Birmingham? Interviewer: yeah okay and how about the town in Illinois where all the gangsters are supposed to be from? Al Capone 289: Chicago? Interviewer: Okay. and the capital of Alabama? 289: Alabama. Birmingha- Not Birmingham? Interviewer: Nah. 289: George Wallace. Interviewer: This is further south. 289: Montgomery. Interviewer: Okay and how how about the coastal town the port town in Alabama. right on the gulf Mo- 289: Mobile Interviewer: okay and uh how about the resort city in western part of North Carolina? 289: Um oh heck what not My father's been there Myrtle Beach! Interviewer: Okay how about one that's A- you ever heard of one that starts with Ash? 289: Where at? Interviewer: This is this is in the western part of North Carolina. ashevi- You ever heard of that? Asheville. 289: Asheville? No. Interviewer: You ever heard of that? 289: #1 isn't that when you # Interviewer: #2 how about uh how about # 289: come back to the rockies um Interviewer: #1 no not the rockies # 289: #2 mountains # I mean what whatever they are the mountain range there smokey mountains Interviewer: yeah. okay. but that's in the western part of Carolina not on the coast 289: oh. Interviewer: okay how about the big excuse me the biggest city in east tennessee name some real big cities in tennessee. 289: Memphis, Nashville Interviewer: the choo-choo 289: Chattanooga Interviewer: and uh uh the one that {NS} what you call that when you do that 289: Knocks knocks? Interviewer: alright 289: Fort Knox? Interviewer: Alright but what's the one that sounds like that? Knox- 289: Knoxville? Interviewer: okay and uh the place where emory university is from 289: Missi- no I don't know Emory Interviewer: in Georgia the big town in georgia 289: Georgia Interviewer: the biggest city in georgia capital 289: Georgia Georgia Georgia Geor- I don't know anything about Georgia Interviewer: {NW} well let's 289: Georgia peaches or Interviewer: biggest thing you can think of in georgia. 289: the police that hide behind the s- signs waiting for you Interviewer: {NW} 289: I can't think of any but- thing in Georgia. Interviewer: At- atla- 289: Atlanta? Interviewer: okay. and uh how about the coast town the one the town that's on the ocean atlantic ocean s- sa- 289: {D: I forgot what it comes} Interviewer: this is georgia s- 289: Savannah? Interviewer: okay and how about the one where there made a movie about it? something county line? 289: Macon county line. Interviewer: Okay and how about another one down there. it's uh like Christopher 289: Columbus? Interviewer: okay. and uh how about the biggest city in lousianna? 289: Louisianna New Orleans? New Orleans! Interviewer: okay and the capital of louisianna? 289: Baton Rouge. Interviewer: and the biggest city in southern ohio? 289: Akron? Interviewer: the the blank reds. 289: cleveland? Interviewer: alright now there ball team there called the reds. the something reds. the cin- cin- cinn- 289: Cincinnati! Interviewer: okay and uh how about where the uh Kentucky derby's run 289: uh kentucky that's in no Kentucky green grass state Interviewer: dun- 289: Loui- no not Louisianna. Interviewer: Lou- 289: Louisville Interviewer: okay you said you were Irish so Irish people come from 289: Ireland Interviewer: and uh uh Napolean was from 289: France Interviewer: and the Coun- the country we just had the hook up with space 289: Russia Interviewer: okay. and uh how far is it from here to marathon? 289: fifty miles. about fifty. Interviewer: okay. nad if somebody asked you to go with them and you're not sure you want to uh you might say uh I don't 289: think so. Interviewer: or I don't know 289: If I can. Interviewer: okay. and uh if someone is very sick and a friend I mean if you have a very sick friend and he's not likely to get better and if someone asks you how he's coming along you might say well it seems 289: he's the same as he was or he might be improving Interviewer: it seems as okay would you ever say it seems what? 289: he's not improving. or he's getting worse. Interviewer: alright. um if you were asked to go somewhere without somebody that you wanted to go with okay that you didn't like going someplace without 289: well I'm supposed to go some #1 place. # Interviewer: #2 Alright, somebody asked you to go someplace. # 289: Okay Interviewer: And you say um I won't go 289: Unless they he goes Interviewer: okay and uh if if one of your uh uh if you're if your nephew was how old's your nephew? 289: I got one three six seven eleven Interviewer: alright let's say your six your eleven year old nephew is supposed to wash the dishes fo some reason. 289: mm-hmm Interviewer: and uh say if uh if your nephew did not help you with the dishes you's say uh he went off playing blank helping me 289: instead of helping me Interviewer: okay and um if two people became members of a baptist 289: they join the church Interviewer: okay and what uh what's the uh you go to church to worship the 289: God Interviewer: okay and uh the guy what does the what does the preacher deliver 289: sermon or message Interviewer: okay and the choir and the organist provided good 289: what music? Interviewer: okay and you might say oh that music is 289: what terrific wonderful #1 it's good. sounds good. # Interviewer: #2 okay and uh # or beau- 289: beautiful? Interviewer: okay and uh the enemy and the opposite of god is called the 289: the enemy Interviewer: and opposite 289: he's devil Interviewer: okay and uh what do people think they see at night that frightens them? 289: #1 ghosts. # Interviewer: #2 the usually # and uh 289: boogeyman it's gonna get ya Interviewer: if there is a lonely house off a dark road and people think they hear strange noises coming from it at night they might say that's a 289: haunted house. Interviewer: okay um you might say uh better put on a sweater it's getting blank chilly 289: getting {NS} #1 cool. chilly during # Interviewer: #2 getting # 289: chilly Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 289: #2 No. # {NS} getting airish? Interviewer: getting really getting airish? alright you might say I'll go if uh you insist but I blank 289: rather not Interviewer: okay and uh uh let me see what do you say when you have a friend that you haven't seen for some time? how do you express your feelings when you greet them? 289: more or less if it's me I'll start crying and kiss them Interviewer: okay. would you ever say I'm 289: glad to see you Interviewer: okay 289: happy to see you. Interviewer: alright uh if a person owned a whole city block in town uh how would you describe that much land? 289: you just look he earned a lot he owned a lot of land or a parcel of land I don't think they use parcel just owned a lot of property Interviewer: would you ever hear anybody say he owned the right smart? 289: No. Interviewer: you ever heard anyone around here at all? okay uh {NS} uh someone might say can you do that? uh do you think you can do that? And you say I blank can 289: I bet I can Interviewer: or I sh- 289: think I can Interviewer: I sh- I shhh 289: sure can. Interviewer: Okay. and if if it wasn't just a little cool a little cool cold this morning you might say it was 289: cold Interviewer: okay like coca-cola has the what's the slogan for it's the 289: real thing Interviewer: okay so you might say it wasn't a little cold this morning it was 289: real cold Interviewer: okay and uh 289: and we call cold weather a norther. Interviewer: a nor- that's what I wanted to get at before we run out here. is a oh alright before get that far if if you if you if someone said if you've enjoyed a visit with someone you would say come 289: come back again Interviewer: okay and what do you what do you say to people when you greet one of them de- december twenty-fifth? 289: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: did they every use anything else around here like on the twenty-fourth or right before chrsitmas? 289: no it's just merry christmas. Interviewer: you ever hear christmas gift? 289: no Interviewer: okay how about on uh January one? 289: happy new year Interviewer: okay uh anything you might say by way of appreciation besides thank you like you might say I much 289: what what much obliged? mm-mm. {NS} much obliged Interviewer: #1 You hear anybody say that? # 289: #2 {X} # but I don't say it. or you could say I'm much beholden Interviewer: okay 289: but I don't say that either. Interviewer: alright. you might say uh I had to go to town and do some 289: shopping Interviewer: and uh if you made a purchase the storekeeper took a piece paper and 289: wrapped it Interviewer: and when you got home you had to 289: unwrap it. Interviewer: and uh if you sell something for less than you paid for it you say I had to sell it at 289: at a lost Interviewer: o- okay if you admire somthing uh but you don't have enough money to buy it you say I like it but it 289: can't afford it Interviewer: or it 289: cost too much Interviewer: okay and and uh the time to pay your bill you say uh the bill is 289: due Interviewer: and if you belong to a club you have to pay 289: your dues. Interviewer: and if you haven't gotten a couple bucks to pay something you might go next door and 289: borrow Interviewer: and if you go in to a banker and the banker is gently refusing a loan he might say right now money is 289: what tight Interviewer: or 289: short Interviewer: or s- sca- 289: scarce Interviewer: okay and uh you might say he ran out on the springboard and jumped off and 289: fell Interviewer: uh jumped off and 289: Dived? Interviewer: okay can you say tomorrow he will 289: dive Interviewer: and he had 289: dived Interviewer: okay what do you call it when you jump off you dive and you land right here and you do a big 289: Oh belly belly splash? no. I can't think of the word you call it Interviewer: when you hit here and just do a {NW} {X} 289: I've done it too but I can't think of it and it hurts like the devil. Belly bomb no belly I can't think of what you call Belly flop Interviewer: okay how about when you when you're in school or when a kid's put their hands down tuck their head and roll 289: tumble-sault? Interviewer: okay and uh and when you're out there in the doing this number 289: swimming? Interviewer: okay and yesterday you 289: swam Interviewer: and tommo- 289: I will swim Interviewer: and he had 289: swum #1 not # Interviewer: #2 okay # 289: swum yeah Interviewer: okay how about when you buy uh something or you pay your bill on time some storekeeper used to give you a little present and say it's for you ever heard anything like that? 289: No they're not gonna give you anything here {NW} that's for sure Interviewer: okay. uh uh someone that was out swimming and didn't quite make it but maybe got caught in a whirlpool went down and didn't come back up. say he 289: Drowned. Interviewer: okay and you say be careful don't go out there you might 289: Drown. Interviewer: and you say uh last week that boy had 289: drowned. Interviewer: okay and what is it a baby does before it's able to walk? 289: crawl. Interviewer: okay. and if you saw like you're talking about putting those things up in the windowduring the hurricane you do what 289: Shutters Interviewer: #1 you had to # 289: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 go up the ladder so you had to # 289: #2 ladder # climb Interviewer: okay and yesterday you 289: climbed Interviewer: and the neighbor had 289: climbed Interviewer: before he fell down and uh you might in the catholic church they say she walked up to the altar and she 289: kneeled. Interviewer: okay and if you're feeling tired you might say I am going to blank down in bed 289: lie down Interviewer: and you might say he was really sick he couldn't even sit up he just blank in bed all day. 289: laid. Interviewer: okay. uh you might say uh talking about something well the things that go through your head at night 289: dreams? Interviewer: okay so last night you 289: dreamed Interviewer: and uh tomorrow you will 289: dream Interviewer: and he had 289: dreamt Interviewer: okay. and you might say I dreamt so and so and all of a sudden I 289: woke up Interviewer: and #1 what do you call # 289: #2 or awakened. # Interviewer: what do you call that? 289: stamping? Interviewer: okay. and uh uh if a man meets a girl at a dance and uh he wants to go home with her he says uh may I 289: take you home? escort you home? Interviewer: okay now if they're on foot now if he's in a 289: #1 walk # Interviewer: #2 car # okay would it be any different 289: walk you home drive you home Interviewer: okay how about uh what am I doing there 289: pushing Interviewer: okay so that I just gave that a 289: shove Interviewer: or a 289: {NS} push Interviewer: okay and uh {NS} {NW} come on {NW} oh uh if you carried a heavy suitcase a long distance instead of saying I carried it you might say I 289: towed it. Interviewer: okay. and if some children came into the house and started uh and you had some delicate things on the table and they were starting get 289: grab? Interviewer: yeah and you said don't 289: touch. Interviewer: alright you might say don't what? don't you 289: don't you bother those things don't you get those things don't touch those things. Interviewer: okay. uh if if you need a hammer you might tell somebody to what? 289: loan you a hammer? Interviewer: or you know you're up on 289: #1 pass you the hammer? # Interviewer: #2 uh you're up you're up on the ladder and you # 289: #1 reach me a hammer? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # go 289: and get Interviewer: okay. and uh what is the thing in football that you kick the fiel- 289: what is the thing that Interviewer: you know, the post? 289: fiel- um yard post #1 touch # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 289: no Interviewer: fiel- 289: Field Goal Interviewer: Okay. and if you throw a ball you can you have to 289: catch {X} Interviewer: Okay um okay the last thing we were talking about is you throw a ball to somebody you have to 289: Once you throw it Interviewer: Then you 289: Caught it Interviewer: Okay he caught it and then uh you say he will 289: Catch it Interviewer: And he had 289: Caught it Interviewer: Okay and uh uh I might say let's meet in town if I get there first I'll 289: Wait for you Interviewer: Okay and uh a young man might have made a mistake doing something and he said uh just give me another 289: Chance Interviewer: Okay and if a man is in a very good mood you say he's in a very good 289: Humor Interviewer: Okay and uh if you have a hired man who keeps on loafing all the time you might decide to discharge him and you'd say to a friend of yours I think I'm going to get 289: Rid of him Interviewer: Okay and uh you might say uh he didn't know he didn't really know what was going on but he 289: Tried Interviewer: He blank uh he knew it all 289: He thought he knew it all Interviewer: Okay or uh in reference to uh a man who gets on the stage and puts on a show is an 289: Actor Interviewer: Okay 289: {NW} Interviewer: In reference to uh that you might say he didn't uh know what was going on but he 289: Acted Interviewer: Okay acted 289: As if he did Interviewer: Okay um you know someone stole your pencil when you were in school you know grade school uh what slang would you use you might say who 289: Took it Who stole my pencil took my pencil Interviewer: Ever say something like swiped or 289: Swiped yeah who swiped it But you mean {D: but is it} Is swiping more or less you know who did it to begin with Interviewer: Okay and uh was just a moot question or just 289: No Interviewer: Okay uh I might say uh I had forgotten about that but now I 289: Remembered Or remember Interviewer: Okay and you might say to me well you must have a better memory than I do because I sure don't 289: Remember Interviewer: Okay uh and what is it you do with one of these things 289: Write Interviewer: Okay and yesterday I 289: Wrote Interviewer: And uh you might say uh I have just 289: Written Interviewer: Okay and and since I just uh wrote some friends of mine I expect them t 289: To write back Interviewer: Which 289: Or to hear from them Interviewer: So alright and the telephone rings so you go 289: Answer Interviewer: Okay and uh the thing that you put on a uh envelope so that 289: Stamp Interviewer: No 289: Address Interviewer: Okay and uh you say I want to write to uh George do you know his 289: Address Interviewer: Okay uh a little boy who's just learned something new for instance uh uh if he has just learned to whistle and you wanted to know where he even learned that you might ask him who 289: Taught you that Interviewer: Okay and you might say um um okay I might say when are you going to Miami you might say right now we're blank next Wednesday 289: Planning Interviewer: Okay okay how about a little boy who's done something naughty and a little girl saw him do it the little boy might say now don't you go to mom and 289: Tell her Or stool On me Interviewer: Okay do you ever use any somebody that constantly goes to and 289: A stool pigeon Interviewer: Yeah how about somebody that's all the time uh talk telling stories kids call them anything 289: Fibbers Telling fibs Interviewer: Or ta- 289: Tattle tales Interviewer: Okay now an older person you know like you know say you mentioned down at Howard Johnson's 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Uh if you did something that maybe you made a mistake or something so I went over to the boss and told what would the person be what would you call him 289: s- Well s- he's a p- be telling on you Um You could really say it all but I think as you get older you don't say that Back stabbing Interviewer: Okay how alright 289: Or if they was jeal- mainly what it was is if they jealous of you They might carry tales which isn't true and so they'd be back stabbing you Interviewer: Okay if uh lose my place okay if you want a bouquet for dinner the dinner table you go out in the garden and 289: Cut the flowers Interviewer: Okay uh okay what is it something that a child would play with 289: Toy Interviewer: Okay and if something happened that you expected or were expecting and you're sitting on the porch and some kid was playing right next to the street and you said get away from the curb a car is going to come along and sure enough here it came 289: I told you that Interviewer: Alright you might say uh uh you might say I ju- 289: I just told you that Interviewer: Okay uh and uh uh if I hand this to you I would be 289: Passing it Interviewer: Or I would 289: Give it to me Interviewer: Okay and if I did it yesterday 289: Gave it to me Interviewer: And I had 289: Given it to me Interviewer: Okay and uh I might say I'm glad I carried my umbrella this morning uh we had I hadn't gone down the block when it 289: Started to rain Interviewer: Okay any other words that you might use there 289: just a light rain you might call it um A spraying or a sprinkling Interviewer: Like just a 289: Like you know drippy drip Sprinkling or spraying Interviewer: And uh would that be all day long 289: You might you could say you had a drizzle when it's not too much you know {NS} That's about it Interviewer: So if it's like all day long that would be a what a drizzle 289: just no it's it was raining all day Interviewer: Okay just a light 289: Yeah Interviewer: Say it was 289: #1 if it was # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 289: very light it was You had a drizzle if it was a {D: this wet} very light and for a short period of time you had a drizzle Interviewer: Okay anything anything else 289: No Nothing about rain Thunderstorm Interviewer: Alright uh the uh well okay let's finish this here the church you might say church blanks at eleven o clock 289: Starts Interviewer: Another word for that church 289: Begins Interviewer: Okay and yesterday church 289: Started Interviewer: Or 289: Began Interviewer: Okay and you say last week it had 289: Begun Interviewer: Or 289: {NW} Or it started Interviewer: Okay and uh okay you might say to somebody you can't get through here the highway department's got their machines in here the road's all 289: Blocked off Interviewer: Or in terms of messing uh 289: Torn up Interviewer: Okay and if someone gave you a bracelet and they said why don't you 289: uh wear it Interviewer: Yeah why don't you 289: Put it on Interviewer: Okay and the opposite 289: Take it off Interviewer: Okay and uh if you're sitting with a friend and not saying anything and all of a sudden he asks what'd you say and you say why I said you didn't say anything he said well what did you 289: #1 I didn't # Interviewer: #2 say # 289: say anything Interviewer: Or I didn't say 289: #1 Anything # Interviewer: #2 I said # 289: of importance Interviewer: And you say why I said 289: Nothing Interviewer: Okay and and he'd say well I thought you saids 289: Something Interviewer: Okay and you might say I've never heard of 289: That before Interviewer: Or I might I never heard of blank things 289: Those things That thing Interviewer: How about I never heard of s- 289: Those thing Interviewer: Su- su- alright how about uh it's blank a nice day 289: It's blank Interviewer: It's su- 289: Such a nice day Interviewer: And uh uh it wasn't an accident you did it 289: On purpose Interviewer: Okay and I don't know you better go 289: Talk to him or see him Interviewer: Or in terms of questioning 289: Better ask him Interviewer: And yesterday you 289: Asked him Interviewer: And and last week you had 289: Asked Interviewer: Yeah there are quite a few verbs at the end here a couple young men who do not get along at all they get into a little fist to cuff every time they meet you say 289: They're always fighting always mad Interviewer: Okay so yesterday they 289: Fought Interviewer: And tomorrow they will 289: Fight Interviewer: And they have 289: They have fought Interviewer: Okay and and if a guy pulls out a big knife 289: Mm-hmm Stabs Interviewer: Okay and uh and then the act 289: Pull it out Interviewer: Is called what he he 289: Pulled it out if he shoved it in he's going to pull it out Interviewer: Okay how about uh the funny there's a funny picture on the black board the teacher says who 289: Drew that Interviewer: Okay and uh if you were going to lift something like a heavy piece of machinery down at the dock say you'd use a 289: Crane Interviewer: Or a 289: a wren- um winch Interviewer: Hoi- hoi- 289: Hoist Interviewer: Yeah there you 289: #1 you # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 289: Hoist it up Interviewer: Okay now uh now what 289: Okay weather Interviewer: And this is just there's no make sure there's no more questions I have to ask okay first off in the winter time 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: The the storm that comes in is called a what 289: Norther Interviewer: That's the name of uh are there any other winter storms 289: it's really any kind of weather we get {D: in it} this cool weather call it a norther It's coming in it's coming in from the north uh yeah comes in from the north so it's a norther {NW} Interviewer: Okay now what about uh does the island ever get uh uh where they have to use the horns does it ever get 289: Fog horns uh fog Interviewer: Yeah does it ever like when there's fog outside you say it's a what kind of day 289: What smog We don't have that Interviewer: You don't have fog 289: I've seen maybe a haze {NS} #1 Maybe # Interviewer: #2 so you # 289: four or five times that's about it Interviewer: Okay so you wouldn't say that you can never say that you have a a 289: Visibility problem Interviewer: A fog you know 289: #1 Foggy # Interviewer: #2 fog # 289: day no Interviewer: How about uh well then you got some rain but what do you call it when you know like you don't get rain for a real long time 289: Uh dry spell and drought Interviewer: Okay how about uh in terms of uh you mentioned a steady sprinkle is called a spry 289: We call it spry #1 a sprinkle # Interviewer: #2 that's just a # Steady light 289: Light thing Interviewer: How about a real heavy one 289: Downpour Interviewer: Yeah okay say dumps an inch every two hours or so 289: We'll have downpour Interviewer: Alright how about uh uh rain that lasts two or three days that would have to count as what 289: That would just It's been raining Two or three days that's about it Interviewer: What kind of storms do you get here 289: Hurricanes That's about it Interviewer: How about the ones that uh the little one 289: Oh you mean you mean off the water #1 The um # Interviewer: #2 yeah what # do you call ones off the water I mean the ones that are in the water are white that you see 289: Funnel clouds Interviewer: Yeah what are those any other names for them 289: No They're funnel Interviewer: Um 289: We had one just a little while back real big one Interviewer: Did it come through the island 289: Uh no it stopped But we had one one before it it came off this way and ripped off two or three uh {NW} Roofs and moved the buildings Over a little bit off their foundations Interviewer: Did it touch down or just the wind 289: It touched down Interviewer: And that was 289: See it'll touch real close {NS} To the water line and these buildings were there Interviewer: Did you uh ever call that anything 289: uh what you mean like a ty- uh {X} Interviewer: What'd you call 289: Ty- Hmm Typhoon typhoon Mary typhoon {NW} No that's in Japan No there's a whirl No Funnel clouds That's about anything I would call it Interviewer: Okay how about um um excuse me alright now um if if the wind is coming from let me get this straight this is south okay that's south 289: Yeah south Interviewer: Okay now the wind and that's north 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Alright the wind's coming from that direction 289: {X} Uh southwest Interviewer: Okay so what would you call that what kind of 289: Southwest Interviewer: #1 Would that mean # 289: #2 winds # Interviewer: anything 289: Sou- well some people call it a sou'wester Interviewer: Yeah 289: Just you know If it's bad weather {D: I reckon} they'd say it's a southwe- southwester Interviewer: Where does most of your bad weather come from 289: Most of our bad weather comes from the north coming down the keys Interviewer: So that's now when you say bad weather you're talking about 289: Cold weather or a lot of rain comes from that way Interviewer: What about uh what about the fish when they belly up what do you call that 289: when they belly up Interviewer: You know when they when they turn belly up out when you get a cloudy day and it's about fifty degrees 289: A freeze a frost Interviewer: Yeah you say you say that the fish are what 289: They don't do that Interviewer: I know that's why I'm trying to find out see um I've asked I guess three people and they say uh I think uh uh one of them 289: We don't get fifty degree w- we- water Interviewer: You don't I mean weather 289: The weather yeah weather might get fifty degrees Interviewer: I've heard that like in the shallow waters this is what um again this is something I heard just asking uh that on on a fifty degree day outside 289: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 the # water will cool down and that it'll stun the fish 289: #1 And bring # Interviewer: #2 and then the # 289: them up to the #1 surface # Interviewer: #2 they'll # float belly up and that they call those 289: I have no idea because one thing if it's fifty degrees I'm not going out to the water anyway Interviewer: Okay 289: If it gets to be sixty I freeze to death much less go down any lower than that Interviewer: Okay 289: but I've never seen one Interviewer: I'm just wondering because uh someone was telling me about the uh frozen uh 289: {NW} What frozen fish #1 the fish would freeze # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah 289: #1 They're # Interviewer: #2 told me this # 289: crazy #1 not in this # Interviewer: #2 they told me # 289: area Interviewer: They told me I think I can get tapes of this the fish 289: Maybe m- around #1 Miami # Interviewer: #2 {X} # No it was here I think mr Higgs told me I I know 289: I've never heard of that in my life not in Key West Because those stupid people come from New York and from Saint Louis and what have you out here in the stupid water swimming when it's forty eight degrees Interviewer: Okay now that's what I'm thinking is that it's not really freezing I mean it's just a local term for you know because they're stunned 289: No {NS} Sometimes when you're out fishing the fish come from a you know you get you hook them on your line you pull them up They come from a great depth and they say what else do they say {NW} They blow up Interviewer: Oh they 289: So it's no use even if it's a little fish there's no use to throw it back in the water because it'll die and it'll float to you know cause they float Interviewer: Oh from a great depth 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You said the pressure does that 289: Yes uh what is it the pressure {NW} You know a skin diver {NS} That comes if he comes up too fast you have to put him in a pressure thing Interviewer: Oh yeah like the bends 289: Yeah In the that's it the fish gets the bends Interviewer: Really I didn't know fish could get the bends 289: Mm-hmm you bring them up too fast and {NS} From a deep Water #1 They get the bends # Interviewer: #2 {D: I'm get some wood} # Except I thought you got the bends from well it doesn't matter I thought you got it from breathing compressed air I didn't know fish could 289: Well see they're breathing their water and they're coming up you pull them up too fast and if you come in from a great depth you have to stop a different uh Interviewer: Slow 289: Slow it coming up and you know get your body used to the pressure {NW} About a mile of water and then as you come up but the fish can get the bends Interviewer: What do you call a um a day where there's just not a cloud in the sky it's a real 289: Clear Interviewer: Okay and and and uh and you look up you say it's it's a you just say it's a clear day or is it something 289: Bright day Not a cloud in the sky Interviewer: How about the other kind of day like in the winter time where it's just kind of overcast all day long 289: Overcast or it has a haze Interviewer: So it'd be a what a 289: Hazy day Interviewer: Would you call it that 289: No Interviewer: You say it's a you look out and it just looks gray 289: Looks ick Interviewer: yeah 289: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 289: sun's out Interviewer: It's cool would ever say it's a what kind of day would you it's a 289: Miserable day that's about it Interviewer: Okay how about uh uh if if uh uh if it's been fair 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Like this morning and clouds are coming in 289: #1 Comes in # Interviewer: #2 rapidly # You'd say the weather is 289: Building up Interviewer: Okay and uh how about the opposite if it's been raining real hard 289: It's cleared off Interviewer: Okay 289: It's moved off the island Interviewer: Okay so you said the weather is 289: Clear Interviewer: Okay and uh talked about heavy rains how about no uh northers are basically in the winter what months do northers 289: Northers Interviewer: When do you have those 289: Um Sometimes we don't get our first norther until December Christmas #1 Some # Interviewer: #2 you get # 289: times we don't even get them until January sometimes we might get them in October Interviewer: Can you get them after January 289: Yeah we might get them up in into Ma- uh February March Interviewer: Ever have 289: See we don't have very much of a winter here Last year I think we had ten {NW} Cool days That was it And When the uh cold weather comes in It's never That cold no longer than five or six days and then it moves back out again Interviewer: What months are the hurricane season 289: Hurricane season starts June first and goes {X} Into uh Think November Interviewer: So it'd be June and November okay and it just starts in June you don't have two seasons 289: No just one's one Interviewer: Alright and uh if the wind's been real gentle 289: Mm-hmm #1 it's calm # Interviewer: #2 alright # Okay and it starts it starts getting stronger gradually you say it's doing what 289: Starting to blow Interviewer: Okay and uh if just the opposite it's been blowing it's 289: Calmed Interviewer: #1 And it's # 289: #2 Col- # Clear Interviewer: Alright but it's been blowing it's gradually uh 289: Calming down Interviewer: Okay okay and uh like in the winter when you got a norther out here let's say it's fifty outside 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You walk outside and say 289: It's freezing Interviewer: Okay or let's say it's fifty-five or sixty that's like 289: It's still {NW} Still cold out Interviewer: Alright you might go out let's say you go out and it's cool 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And it's not really cold enough to you might go in and say I think I'll put a sweater on it's kind of 289: It's a little airy A little airish Interviewer: Alright and uh uh what do you call a wind that's facing that direction anything special 289: That's a s- no south wind's coming from the south Interviewer: And over here 289: Be sou- well if it's coming from that corner it'd be southeast Interviewer: And does that mean anything do you ever get certain kinds of storms from those directions as {X} Like a norther's a cold do you ever get anything from those 289: Generally a lot of your hurricanes are going to come from off of Africa so that would be what the south East {NW} Off um of Honduras so that'd be a southwest direction So it'd be traveling that way Interviewer: The um well okay I most they don't come from the gulf 289: That's what I mean the Yucatan #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 oh # 289: Central America British Honduras and down that way they come in the gulf way Interviewer: {X} 289: See a lot of them come from the coast of Africa and then some of 'em come in from the Yucatan Peninsula and and British Honduras and the rest they come up that way Interviewer: Okay the um um what I'm just unwinding right now so anything you want to say just say it because I've covered everything I really want to cover the um you were talking about like the the natives have uh uh natives meaning 289: #1 Key West is conchs # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Yeah avoid Duval Street because of the tourists or because of the hipsters 289: Hippies Interviewer: And um like what about that whole end of the island it's just it's just the shopping center this is the residential area right here is this the area that you're talking about the people kind of stay out in this area or 289: Um most Key West people will stay away from Duval Street now that used to be a main street {NW} On Saturdays that place was crowded you'd see everybody that you haven't seen for a week Interviewer: It looks like it's been a little run 289: But since about nineteen sixty-five when the hippies started traveling in And the police didn't do anything about them they just let them come and come and come {NW} It just got to be a bad neighborhood because that's where they'd hang out And right now they just really hang out if you go down Duval street near Mallory square and everything {NW} At night time when the sun sets you'll see long hair sitting out there you see a tourist you know {D: leviathan} but you'll see the hippies down there doing their sun dance cause the sun's setting Interviewer: Mm-hmm 289: {D: And let's put it this way} We do have beautiful sunsets Interviewer: Nice 289: but that's where they hang out Interviewer: Mallory Square's down here 289: Yeah Interviewer: Alright 289: Uh-huh Interviewer: Where's uh uh the most exposed part of the island as far as the weather goes 289: to get the bad weather Interviewer: I mean it can really do some damage if it came in if something came in 289: If it comes in um Garrison Bight in here All along the Atlantic beaches Interviewer: Down here 289: cause it floods in Interviewer: Uh 289: See most of this land in here I would say anywhere from um Truman And okay let's make it from uh Yeah it's straight out It's filled in land Anything from about White Street out is filled in land Interviewer: From United oh I didn't know that 289: Mm-hmm {NW} Which is here out here this is Flagler Street where the high school's at right now right in here should be Near twenty-one hundred block Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 289: #2 {NW} # All this used to be salt ponds Interviewer: Like these 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay 289: And that's where they used to get the salt #1 from # Interviewer: #2 here's united # Okay so you're saying that everything from here out was filled in 289: It's been Practically filled in yeah #1 that area # Interviewer: #2 so this # is 289: This area will flood if it downpours heavy in rain You'll have flooded streets Because of the drainage Interviewer: Yeah I noticed there was some uh 289: #1 Big puddles # Interviewer: #2 big like those # Yeah so this is the old part of the island 289: Yeah and this section oh say from Duval {NW} To White And from Caroline {NW} Interviewer: Truman 289: To Truman I would say is your old section of town You know hones- I'd even go up as far as Whitehead {NW} And I think on Margaret Street area is your highest Well I live in Fleming Street so that's probably the highest elevation Interviewer: Yes someone told me 289: #1 The # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 289: cemetery is safe #1 too # Interviewer: #2 is # The high yeah now well let me you live what right down here 289: Yeah in the very last block at the fourth house Interviewer: Right there 289: Right Interviewer: Okay so when I mark you I'm going to have a map just like this that I'll send with the tape and I'll mark your address and uh see okay the uh yeah I was just interested in this so so and the first naval base is where where 289: Okay There's a naval yard down here #1 the US # Interviewer: #2 {D: so} # 289: naval station it used to be the subs Interviewer: Yeah they don't have them there anymore 289: No they've been pulled out {NW} Okay and here you have it says US naval station annex that used to be In here w- in this {D: water wall} This is {NW} And over here coming out Six o'clock there used to be lemon fields {NW} For seaplanes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 289: So it was called a seaplane base when I was little then they changed it to the heliport cause they had the helicopter squad in there {NW} Now the a- I think the army's taken it over Okay and out on Fleming Key they have hawk missile sites Okay then Sigsbee park is all your government housing Interviewer: Is that now is 289: That's navy Interviewer: {X} 289: Uh yeah That was I think as far as I know that was like mangroves they just started filling in filling in filling in Okay and then you got your airport And Boca Chica they have um Interviewer: Where's the junior college is that on Boca Chica 289: No Yeah uh it's out this way It's near Key Haven in Key Haven Interviewer: So it's one key over 289: Yeah first key over no The first key over is Stock Island then you'll see another thing where it's been filled in Where the hospital and Key Haven's at that's all filled in That was mangroves They filled it in Interviewer: Okay so actually this is 289: Yeah that's what the high section of town Interviewer: And the highest 289: That's about where you'll find a lot of people who have wells in their yard Well water Interviewer: Mister Higgs he lives over here on south which is where 289: Okay uh Truman {NW} Interviewer: I know it's in the area of white where is it 289: Seminary Here south #1 street it's this one # Interviewer: #2 yeah there it is # 289: mm-hmm Interviewer: He lives right there 289: Mm-hmm Interviewer: He has a well I know I tasted some the water off of it just clearest thing he brought out a glass of well water and a glass of city water I could tell the difference 289: Yeah #1 And # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 289: it's good for your hair Well water and rain water #1 If you can catch # Interviewer: #2 but it's so # 289: it it's great Interviewer: So it's not really spring water it's uh it's rain water that's drained into the ground 289: That I couldn't tell you Interviewer: Oh okay well uh I enjoyed this 289: Mm-hmm it's my pleasure Interviewer: And I'm sorry it took well I guess it didn't take it took about twenty minutes more than I thought 289: No It's alright Interviewer: And uh yeah this is uh and it's I think I got a lot of critical information so I'll uh um make sure to uh put down your address here let's do it now uh 289: Atwell Interviewer: Well who's Atwood oh that's uh Berlin's middle name 289: Hmm Interviewer: Berlin Atwood Sawyer that's where I picked that up and that's eleven ten 289: Eleven ten Fleming Interviewer: Okay 289: We used to be you know remember that uh guy who used to do a lot of horror movies Lionel Atwell Interviewer: Oh yeah 289: He was He's in our family tree And his last name used to be Atwell {NW} But he changed it when he came over from England {NW} To Atwell so the ones that had the E in it In the Key West area couldn't say w- we were related to him Interviewer: Oh 289: But he didn't get to be that #1 famous movie star # Interviewer: #2 yeah did # 289: anyway Interviewer: What kind of 289: he did the horr- a lot of horrors the Frankensteins and Draculas Things like that Interviewer: You mean like yeah okay 289: I don't even remember too much of what he looked like #1 no # Interviewer: #2 yeah did you ever you # Ever see him 289: Not in person #1 just in the movies # Interviewer: #2 and you haven't seen the # Movies 289: Yeah The old Frankensteins way back Interviewer: Okay