Interviewer: Um when you saying you put food in your mouth and then you begin to? 299: Chew it I say. Interviewer: Okay and um something that you make out of cornmeal that sort of um you just take cornmeal and water maybe and 299: Mush we called it. Interviewer: Okay and um what do you call peas and beats and so fourth that you grow? 299: Vegetables you mean. Interviewer: Okay do you have a different name depending on if you grew 'em yourself or if you bought 'em? 299: Well I'd say uh some people home grown or store bought. {NW} Interviewer: Okay and um the place that where'd you grow vegetables? You'd call that your? 299: Garden Interviewer: Okay and um something that I don't know if if you have it around here that much or not but that the South is sort of famous for if you have a food that maybe you'd have for breakfast in the morning? 299: Um oh uh you mean uh grits. {overlaid} Corn grits or something uh huh. Interviewer: Do you have those? 299: No we don't. I've heard people talk about 'em they say in the southern resturants that you they do have them on the menu a lot. Interviewer: Yeah 299: But we just don't ever actually ate 'em. Interviewer: Yeah what about something that {NW} say you take whole grains of corn and um #1 you'd leave # 299: #2 Hom # Hominy mother's made that. Interviewer: You remember how she'd make it? 299: Uh yes I think you take the corn just the regular ol' dry corn on the cob and shell it. And then you uh soak it in lye water. Interviewer: Mhmm 299: And uh I don't even know how long you soak it or if you when you actually boil it and all this. But then it'll actually hu- you know you'll get the husk off of it. And um somewhere along the line you cook it or soak it or do something to it but I know somewhere you soak it in lye water to actually get the husk off of it. Interviewer: Mhmm um what about something that it's made from the inside of a grain and is white and um well you wouldn't grow it around here cause it takes a lot of water to grow. 299: Rice Interviewer: Okay and um what about say non tax paid liquior? 299: Moonshine {NW} bootleg {NW} Interviewer: Have you heard of people around here have moonshine? {NW} 299: I I've heard of it Interviewer: Hm? 299: I've heard of it. Interviewer: What about um beer have you ever heard of? {overlaid} 299: Uh homemade beer? Interviewer: Uh huh 299: Now I've heard of people making um uh more in the line of wine and I don't know or this um they called it um is it rice they use rice too. Someone in {D: Erin} was talking about making some. Is it soddy or soggy or? Interviewer: Yeah 299: Something I don't know exactly what it is but it's more in the line of a wine or uh something they made. But I'm not too familiar on it. Interviewer: Yeah What about that moonshine? Have you heard any other names for it besides moonshine? 299: Just moonshine and and bootleg and uh white lightning. Interviewer: {NW} That's it. 299: I guess that's all. Interviewer: Yeah Okay um say if something was cooking and it made a good impression on your nostrils you'd tell someone just? 299: Smell Interviewer: Huh? 299: Smell Interviewer: Okay and um you say you crush cane and boil the juice and make 299: sovereign molasses is what we made. Interviewer: Okay um what about something similar to that? 299: What do you mean sugar cane or something? Interviewer: Maybe not as as thick as molasses. 299: You don't mean the skimmings from from the molasses do you or? Interviewer: What'd you do with the skimmings? 299: Well they ususally throw them away it- it was just the foam skimmed off the top but it was eatable but uh I think they threw 'em away though. Interviewer: #1 What about # 299: #2 Maybe maple syrup # I don't know we I never I'm not familiar with that. Interviewer: Yeah 299: People used to make maple syrup. Interviewer: What kind of trees would they? 299: From the maple I I suppose but I'm not I don't know anything about that I've never seen that done. Interviewer: Yeah um what what would you say is the difference between molasses and syrup? You say molasses? 299: Really I don't see that there's any difference we just always said uh sovereign molasses. And uh we referred to syrup as something you buy. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah um say if you had a a belt made out of cow hide. It'd say something have something on there that to tell you that it it was made out of cow hide and nothing else it's say? 299: Genuine Interviewer: Huh? 299: Genuine Interviewer: Okay and um say when sugar was weighed out of a barrel you'd say that it was sold how? 299: In the bulk Interviewer: Okay do you remember that much? Or is that? 299: Uh kinda yeah my the- my grandad had the grocery store and I think it was in a barrel then. And most most of the things seem like it was in barrels the salt and and actually the vinegar was in the barrel. Interviewer: What about crackers? Did that? 299: No uh I don't remember them in a barrel I've heard of Cracker Barrel but I don't believe I've ever seen 'em in a barrel myself. Interviewer: What um where might you have a a sweet spread that you might put on toast or something? 299: Well do you mean syrup? Interviewer: Okay what about something made out of fruit? Maybe apples or you know you 299: Jelly Interviewer: Hm? 299: jelly Interviewer: Okay and um what might you have on the table to season your food with? 299: You mean salt or pepper. Interviewer: Okay and um say if there was a bowl of apples on the table and a child wanted one he'd say? 299: Give me an apple. Interviewer: Okay and huh? 299: I probably wouldn't say an apple. I'd just say give me a apple. {NW} Interviewer: Okay um say um say he it wasn't it wasn't these boys it must've been one of? 299: uh them {NW} Interviewer: Okay you'd say one of them boys or? 299: I prob- probably would really most of the time I I catch myself saying them them boys or them them girls. Interviewer: Okay and you say he doesn't he doesn't live here he lives? 299: Over there Interviewer: Okay what about if it's a little farther away? 299: Over yonder Interviewer: Okay and um you might tell someone not do it that way do it? 299: This way Interviewer: Okay and um you say if you don't have any money at all you say you're not rich you're? 299: Poor Interviewer: Okay and um say if you have a lot of peach trees you say you have a peach? 299: Orchard Interviewer: Okay {NW} and um say if um say you might ask someone it that's his orchard and he'd say no I'm just neighboring he'd point to someone else and he'd say he's the man? 299: That has the orchard or owns the orchard. Interviewer: And um you say when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child? 299: That was rich. Interviewer: Okay well you talking about his his father being rich you'd say when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child? 299: His daddy was rich. Interviewer: Okay um and the inside of the cherry the part that you don't eat you'd call the? 299: Seed Interviewer: Okay what about on a peach? 299: Peach seed Interviewer: Okay you know a peach has a say you take the seed and then you open that and there's this smooth little thing inside? 299: Uh I'm I'm not sure what it is. Interviewer: Do you know what I'm talking refering to? 299: The pulp or Interviewer: No you know that say if you if you cracked open the seed 299: Yeah Interviewer: that little 299: center. Interviewer: Yeah 299: But I don't know what you'd call it Interviewer: Okay um and you know the kind of peach that is real easy to get off the seed? 299: Frees- would it be a free stone? Interviewer: Okay and what about the other kind? 299: Wouldn't be the cling would it? Cling peach Interviewer: Okay um have you heard any other names for those or? 299: Uh no I haven't. Interviewer: Okay um and the part of an apple that you don't eat? 299: The core Interviewer: Okay and say if you cut up apples and dry them you say you're making? 299: Dried apples Interviewer: Okay I don't guess you've heard them called snitz? 299: No I haven't Interviewer: I think it's sort of a German 299: Uh huh I haven't Interviewer: Um what kind of nuts do you have? 299: We just have uh hickory nuts or walnuts. Or hazelnuts or {D: magbeach} nuts. Interviewer: Okay and you know the walnut you have two coverings on it? 299: Yeah the hull and the shell. Interviewer: Okay and then inside the the shell you have the? 299: The kernel we call it. Interviewer: Okay um what about a kind of nut that that grows in the ground? I grows in Georgia a lot you know down there. It's real common. 299: I don't know. Interviewer: Say if if you were going to go to the store and buy some nuts you know just planters or some brand you know this what um? 299: Peanuts yeah Interviewer: Okay 299: Well I'd forgot all about those {NW} that's right peanut. Interviewer: Have you ever heard another name for peanuts? 299: Don't they call them goobers. {NW} Interviewer: Okay and um the kind of nut that uh you might use in cookies? 299: Oh {NW} pecans or english walnuts or something. Interviewer: What about a kind of nut that's um it's long and sorta shaped like your eye? 299: Brazil Brazil nuts or Interviewer: Okay any other kind? You ever heard of alemond or almond? 299: Oh yeah yeah Interviewer: What's that? 299: Well in fact the the candy bars the almond joy has the has that almond in there. Interviewer: Mhmm 299: So yeah I have. Interviewer: Okay and um the kind of fruit about the size of an apple? 299: You mean like a peach or a pear or a orange? Interviewer: Okay say if if you had a bowl of of oranges one day you went in to get one and there weren't any left you'd say the oranges are? 299: All gone Interviewer: Okay and um what what things do you have planted in your garden? 299: What things do I have planted in the garden? Well I have potatoes cucumbers corn and peas. And uh tomatoes. Interviewer: What um you said corn what kind of um what do you call the corn that's tender enough to eat just off the cobb? 299: Roast roasting ears #1 we called it. # Interviewer: #2 Okay # and um the tomatoes you know those those kind that um don't ever get any bigger than this? 299: Salad tomatoes Interviewer: Okay um and what what things might you have planted that that grow in the ground I mean under? 299: Well irish potatoes do and sweet potatoes. Interviewer: Is there any other name for sweet potatoes? 299: Oh yams I think maybe. That's all I know. Interviewer: Do you use that word much around here? 299: No you don't in fact I didn't know what there might be a little bit of difference in uh {NW} you know in a grocery store you see candied yams in the can but I don't know if they are actually um the same sweet potatoes that we have or not. But we always say sweet potato. Interviewer: Yeah what else do you have? 299: Under that grows under the ground? {C: tape overlaid} Well of course carrots and beets onions would. Interviewer: What's that? 299: Onions Interviewer: What about the kind of onions that um that well they're not fully developed I guess you know what I mean? 299: Oh well the- I run into that this year you either get onions sets or you get onion slips. Interviewer: What's the difference? 299: Well the onion sets are actually the little onion that you just the little head of onion and you it completely dies and sprouts out a new onion. Interviewer: Mhmm 299: But uh or anyway the onion grows from it it doesn't have the little slip but now the little onion slips have already have the little green blade onion blade on it. And you set them out more like a little plant. Interviewer: Mhmm 299: And by the way all my plants die. {NW} The sets are better really. Interviewer: With all the bad weather? 299: Mm-hmm You turned off the dryer or something afterwards and then if it rains much before and it just they- it was late in the year and um they're so much smaller see they're just like a st- they're just about as big as a string. They're so small. The little onion sets see the little bulb. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What um when the onions get a little bigger and you um but they're still young onions and you you pull them up and just eat 'em you know clean 'em and eat. 299: Green onions Interviewer: Huh? 299: Well just green onions. Interviewer: Okay and um what about the little red thing that grows in the ground? #1 Is # 299: #2 the # beets you mean? Interviewer: Yeah something um what about something red that is white on the inside? 299: Radishes Interviewer: Okay and um the a green well it's green and long it's and grows up I think in bunches sort of. 299: You don't mean uh lettuce or spinach or kale or? Interviewer: How how's how would you refer to to lettuce? You'd say? 299: Lettuce Interviewer: Yeah you had a couple of what? 299: Heads of lettuce Interviewer: Hm? 299: Heads of lettuce or bunch of lettuce. Interviewer: Okay and um what about something similar to to lettuce? 299: Mustard Interviewer: Okay say a if you cooked if you cooked mustards you'd say you had a? 299: Oh well you mean a mess of mustard. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah 299: Mess of mustard I guess. Interviewer: What about turnips? How would you refer to that? 299: A mess of turnips. Interviewer: Would you use another word I mean you say it? 299: Um you I mean uh just a pot of turnips or? Interviewer: Yeah I mean when you talk about turnip what? 299: Greens Interviewer: Yeah do you use the word greens? Say a mess of greens or? 299: I don't ever I always say turnip greens. Or either turnip salad you know we always salad you know that's what we refer to a lot is salad. But I never said just greens I never have. Interviewer: Do you ever say just salad? 299: Uh-huh I do. I said we had salad for dinner. Interviewer: What you mean to referring to the turnip? 299: I'm returning um referring to the turnip salad or the turnip greens. I'm not referring to a green cut salad. Interviewer: Yeah 299: I I'm talking about cause usually in this section of the country people talk about turnip salad. Interviewer: Uh huh 299: And lots of times they'll just say I had salad for dinner or I cooked salad today. Interviewer: What other um greens do you have besides the turnip you'd talk about mustard salad? Or mustard greens? 299: No it it wouldn't always be uh except uh uh poke salad now have you ever been familiar with that? Interviewer: I've never had it. 299: Well yeah when this section and I cook that a lot poke salad and- and that's what we call it poke salad. Interviewer: Okay what um then what what about something that you take and and um maybe chop up and dust with cornmeal or something you know and fry it? 299: Well uh you mean like okra? Interviewer: Mhmm 299: Fried okra or fried green tomatoes we'd do that. Interviewer: You'd fry the green tomatoes? 299: Uh huh you'd take uh just green tomatoes and slice 'em in slices Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: and uh and then you'd just roll it in the meal and fry 'em just in those slices or you can even do squash the same way. It's pretty good. Interviewer: Yeah what about um kinds of beans? 299: Like green beans or Interviewer: When you say green beans what what are you referring to? 299: Well you're referring to these uh the kind you actually break these string beans or that you actually break 'em up. And then of course there's butter beans or butter beans which is the same as lima beans I guess. And uh or these green beans we were talking about breaking you can let them grow longer and call them shelly beans where you shell 'em. And I guess that's all the beans. Interviewer: Are there um different names for different kinds of of these green beans. 299: Uh-huh it is there's uh there's Kentucky wonder or there's corn field {X} Or there's uh there's different oh uh names for 'em and they're actually a different uh they have a different uh shape to them a different look of a bean. Like say um Kentucky wonder bean is a flat long flat green bean. Where a cornfield bean is a little long narrow round bean. Which you break them up and cook 'em the same. Interviewer: Um say you'd you'd refer to to lettuce as being you know heads of lettuce would you ever refer to so many heads of children? Even jokingly would you? 299: I've never heard anybody say that. Interviewer: What would someone say he had about fourteen children would you ever say say he had a what of children? 299: Gang of kids Interviewer: Okay you ever say passel? 299: Yeah passel of kids I've heard people say that. Interviewer: How else do you use that word passel? Or do you use it much? 299: No I don't I don't hear it much. Interviewer: Okay um and say you might say well say if you took a say a skin the skin of a dried apple you'd say it was all what? 299: Swiveled Interviewer: Okay and um talking about corn the the outside of the ear of corn? 299: The shuck Interviewer: Okay and the thing that that you have to take off 299: The silk Interviewer: Okay and the the thing that grows at the talk of the corn stalk ? 299: The tassel. Interviewer: Okay and um a large round thing that you might make a pie out of it? 299: Pump- Interviewer: Huh? 299: Pumpkin is what we say. Interviewer: Okay 299: It's pumpkin really but we say pumpkin. Interviewer: Okay and uh what kind of melons do you have around here? 299: Watermelon and uh we say mushmelon but I think it's muskmelon and we say mushmelon. Which is the same thing as cantelope. Interviewer: It's exactly the same thing? 299: Well I'm not sure that they're exactly but uh sometimes I think we're we refer to the same thing as. There maybe a difference that I don't know. But we call 'em mushmelon most of the time. Interviewer: Mhmm 299: Or then watermelon. Interviewer: Are there different kind of watermelons that you talk about? 299: I think there really is I think there's a they're different there was that real round green one or there's that those long that has some white striped looking things on them. I think there's different types of watermelon just like there's different types of even there's different types of cucumbers. Interviewer: There is? 299: When you go to the store to buy your cucumber seed you don't realize all this until you start buying seed. Especially the long green or the are the different they just got different names and sure enough when you plant 'em some of them will be real long green ones. And sometimes they'll be more of a white color. Interviewer: Yeah 299: They're just a different. Interviewer: There one kind is especially good for pickiling or? 299: I think so I think that they recommend see I don't know I'm not too {C: loud banging} uh familiar with this and just I haven't been having a garden but several years now myself. Interviewer: Yeah 299: And I didn't realize there was so many differences in all the seed. Even your okra there's dwarf okra and there's white okra and there's all different kinds of okra. And you don't realize that until you go buy seed and uh it- it'll make all the difference in the world what kind of okra you have I guess. Interviewer: Watch us never decide. 299: You can't w- when you actually go to buy it you know cause you don't expect all this you know you think oh I'm going to get cucumber seed well there's the long green or the uh the something else something else something else. Interviewer: Yeah just get a little bit of everything. {NW} Um what about something that little umbrella shaped thing that might spring up in the woods and fields after it rains? 299: Well mushrooms or toad stools or Interviewer: Okay they the same thing? 299: Uh as far as I'm concerned they are. Interviewer: Yeah um say if a man had real bad sore throat or something you say well he couldn't eat that piece of meat because he couldn't? 299: Swallow Interviewer: Okay and um the thing that people smoke made out of tobacco? 299: Cigarette Interviewer: Okay what else? 299: Cigar Interviewer: Okay and um say if someone offered to do you a favor but you didn't wanna accept it because then you'd you'd feel like you you owed them something you'd say? Um well no thanks I don't want to be what? {X} 299: Obligated to you or in debt to you or? Interviewer: Okay would you ever say beholden? 299: Yeah I've heard that. Interviewer: Okay and um say someone asked you about doing a certain job you'd say sure I'd do it sure I'd? 299: I can do it. Interviewer: Okay and uh if they if you're not able to you might say well I'd like to but I just? 299: Ain't able Interviewer: Okay and um say if it is a real bad accident um up the road and you'd say that there's there's no need to call a doctor because by the time we got there the person was? {NS} 299: Dead Interviewer: Okay or was what dead was? 299: Already dead Interviewer: Okay would you ever say was done dead? 299: Yeah that sounds just like me I I'd really do say done dead. Interviewer: {NW} Okay 299: And I say I've already done it. Interviewer: Yeah 299: You know things like that- I've done done it I mean I've done done it. {NW} Interviewer: Okay and um you say in a dangerous situation a person what to be careful a person? 299: Ought to be careful Interviewer: Okay and um you say um say if a boy got a whipping you say well I bet he did something he? 299: Shouldn't of done. Interviewer: Okay but for using that word ought #1 I bet he did # 299: #2 oughtn't of done # Interviewer: Huh? 299: He oughtn't of done. Interviewer: Okay and um you might say well I'll I'll dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I bet you? 299: You're scared. Interviewer: Okay {NW} or using the word dare? Would you say I bet you? 299: Wouldn't dare. Interviewer: Okay would you say dassent or darent or? 299: I don't Interviewer: Have you ever heard any of those? 299: I couldn't really tell you any incident that I have I mean it sounds familiar but I don't know. Interviewer: Yeah um and say someone was kept asking you to do something that that you just weren't gonna do you might say? Well no matter how many times you ask me to do that I just? 299: Ain't gonna do it. Interviewer: Okay and um say if you had done some real hard work all by yourself and all the time you were working a friend of yours was just standing around watching you work. When you get through you might go up to them and say you know instead of just standing there you? 299: Could help me. Interviewer: Or you might? 299: Might help me. Interviewer: Okay um and um talk about kinds of animals now the the kind of bird that can see in the dark? 299: Oh the bat. Interviewer: Okay what else? 299: The owl I believe. Interviewer: Okay are there different kinds of owls? 299: Well there's a hoot owl and a that's all I know. Interviewer: What bout that real little? 299: Screech owl they call 'em. Interviewer: Huh? 299: Screech owl Interviewer: Okay and um what about the kind of bird that that drills holes in a tree do you know? 299: Uh well woodpecker or peckerwood. {NW} Half the time we say peckerwood but it's a woodpecker I guess. Interviewer: Do you ever heard of even that word peckerwood to refer to people? 299: Yeah I've heard {X} say you peckerwood. Interviewer: What does it mean is it insulting or just teasing? 299: Teasing I'd say. Interviewer: Okay and have you ever heard any other name for peckerwood? Besides woodpecker or peckerwood. Have you ever heard wood wood chuck or or wood hen or anything like that? Or you know the 299: Wood chuck is a ground hog yeah I've heard of a wood chuck. In the in the wood Interviewer: Yeah 299: Wood chuck is a animal. Interviewer: You've never heard that what about um the the peckerwood or woodpecker that's about that's that's pretty big the about the well you know the there's one sort of unusually large woodpecker. 299: The red headed woodpecker Interviewer: Uh huh if you I don't guess you've ever heard of shirt tail or 299: Uh uh Interviewer: any 299: No I haven't Interviewer: Okay um and what about the that black and white animal that's got a real strong smell? 299: Skunk or polecat yeah polecat and lot of times you call people polecats. {NW} Interviewer: Oh really? 299: Yeah or skunks or Interviewer: What does it mean when you call a person a polecat? 299: Oh they're kind of sneaky or not a very good name when you call 'em a polecat. Interviewer: Yeah {NW} 299: Slammed the door that the quarters on 'em {NW} Interviewer: What about um kinds of animals that have been coming and getting your your hens? You didn't know exactly what kind they were well there's possum or skunk or just what with you might say I'm gonna get me a gun that and kill those? 299: Varmints Interviewer: Okay what is what does varmint mean 299: #1 It's # Interviewer: #2 to you? # I mean what 299: It's something that's not good that's aggravating mean. Interviewer: Would you say a rat or mouse? Other speaker: You mean you've been to college and don't know what varmint is? {NW} 299: We've got our {C: laughing} recorders on Interviewer: That's okay. {NW} Would you picture a a rat or a mouse as being a varmint? 299: Not really I wouldn't think of it as such. Interviewer: You think of it sort of 299: I think of it more of a of something like you say it does get in your chickens or Interviewer: Yeah 299: or something like that. Interviewer: Okay um and what about a a bushy tailed animal that gets up in the trees? 299: Squirrel Interviewer: Okay what different kinds of squirrels? 299: Well there's the gray squirrel and there's the red squirrel I think and there's a ground squirrel Interviewer: #1 What's the ground? # 299: #2 or we call 'em flying squirrel. # Interviewer: #1 # 299: #2 # Interviewer: The ground squirrel's the same as the flying squirrel? 299: Well that's what I would call 'em and I don't actually know they even actually the flying squirrel actually has skin running from the his which would be his front legs it has skin that makes it look like a wing. Interviewer: Mhmm 299: And I think he actually can almost jump from tree to from the tree to the house or just anywhere. Interviewer: And that's the same as the ground squirrel? 299: I really don't know for sure. They look a little alike Interviewer: Mhmm 299: but eh I've always thought of them as the same thing. Interviewer: Yeah what sort of fish do you get around here? 299: You mean like the bass or the or the catfish and I'm I'm not familiar with fish much. Perch. Interviewer: yeah 299: But fishing is one thing I don't know anything about. Interviewer: Say if if you were gonna go fishing what what would you you put on your your hook when you go fishing? 299: A worm or bait. Interviewer: Huh? 299: Worm or a bait fishing bait. Interviewer: Okay um when you say bait do you refer to worms or? 299: Or it could be just it could even be a a bread or dough #1 or anything # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 299: I guess I've heard of people fishing with biscuit dough. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of different types of worms being used? 299: Mm-hmm these little these long red worms and then uh I think they use these what we call brug worms. Interviewer: Mm-hmm those little white? 299: Uh-huh, the little bit short white worms. And I don't know what else. Interviewer: What about a kind of fish used for bait? 299: Minnows Interviewer: Okay and um the thing that perals grow in? 299: Oysters Interviewer: Okay and um something that that grows in well doesn't grow lives in the um in the ocean or gulf that the little sea animal that it's got a real thin sort of transparent shell to it and um well you know you could and you sort of peel it off and uh 299: Oh shrimp or clam or Interviewer: Say say if you wanted to buy some you'd ask for a couple pounds of? 299: Shrimp Interviewer: Okay and um what about something that you might find in the in a stream say if you lifted up a rock or something its got little claws? 299: Crawfish Interviewer: Okay and um something that you might um hear making a noise around the lake at night? 299: Well uh bull frogs or uh well uh bull frogs. Interviewer: Okay what about the smaller kind? 299: Well these little tree frogs you hear them in the trees at night. Interviewer: Okay and um the thing that that hops around on land? 299: A toad we call 'em. {NW} Interviewer: Okay and um the hard shelled thing that can pull its neck and legs into its shell? 299: Oh well a terrapin or a turtle. Interviewer: What's the difference? 299: Well uh to me a terrapin is these little tiny {NS} kind and a turtle is a great big Interviewer: Mm-hmm 299: mm Interviewer: Where? 299: Terrapin's may be found sorta on dry land or in the woods or anywhere turtles are usually found around ponds and lakes and things I know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and um the kind of insect that might be flying around the light say a if you left a porch light on? 299: Candle flies I call it. Interviewer: Okay and um something that would get in your clothes wool clothes? 299: Moths Interviewer: Huh? 299: Moths Interviewer: Okay and um talking about just just one of these you talk about a? 299: Moth Interviewer: Okay and um something that flies around its got a little light in its tail? 299: Uh lightning bug Interviewer: Okay and um any other name for him? 299: Well I think they call 'em fireflies down south. Interviewer: Okay but around here you'd say? 299: Lightning bug Interviewer: Okay and um the insect that that you might see around the well around damp places usually a lake or some place that its got two pairs of wings to it? 299: Uh we call 'em snake doctors. Interviewer: Okay have you ever heard any stories about them that I mean that? 299: They always claim that uh wherever you see them there're snakes around. I mean there's and the snakes it I've always as a child I thought they really doctored the snakes #1 if if # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 299: a snake was hurt or anything that they actually doctored 'em. Interviewer: Huh 299: But that's just something I assumed or heard. Interviewer: You think this you think that's true that? 299: No Interviewer: Not that they doctored 'em but that that they're a sign that snakes are near? 299: I I don't really think so but I still have that feeling. {NW} No I don't really think so. Interviewer: What kind of insects will sting you? 299: Oh wasp or bumble bees or sweat bees or honey bees or I guess that's all I #1 can think of. # Interviewer: #2 What about something that has a # nest sort of on the ground? 299: Hornets Interviewer: Okay 299: Or Interviewer: What's what's their nest like? 299: Or these uh yellow jackets. Interviewer: Uh huh 299: Hornets so they usually hang from a bush. Interviewer: Mhmm 299: Just in a sorta in a mm sorta in a hive looking thing. Interviewer: What about um those those things that you might find a nest hanging from a barn #1 you call those? # 299: #2 Oh # Interviewer: #1 # 299: #2 # those uh dirt dauber nests or uh Interviewer: Uh huh 299: dirt daubers. Interviewer: What's is that made out of? 299: It's made out of dirt. Interviewer: Uh huh what about and something um uh I think that you just mentioned um that well just bigger thing not a hornet but uh? 299: A yellow jacket Interviewer: Uh huh something um what about something that's well it it builds sort of a nest type thing hanging down from some place. 299: You're not talking about a wasp? Interviewer: Yeah you'd you'd talk about several? #1 Say there's # 299: #2 wasps # Interviewer: Huh? 299: Wasps Interviewer: Okay and um do dirt daubers sting you? 299: I've never had one to tell you as far as I know. I don't think they would. Interviewer: Okay what about something that that'll fly around at night and bite you? And they make you itch. Kinda like sting you 299: Oh gnats gnats bother you at night. Interviewer: What if like that? 299: Oh mosquitoes is it what? Interviewer: Yeah and something that might get in your skin if you went like 299: Chiggers chiggers chiggers Interviewer: Okay and um an insect that hops around in the grass? 299: Grasshopper Interviewer: Have you ever heard those called hoppergrass? 299: No I haven't. Interviewer: Okay and um say if you haven't cleaned uh {NW} a room in awhile up in the ceiling you might find a #1 what? # 299: #2 uh # spiders or a Interviewer: Okay but the thing that would be stretched across the? 299: Spiderweb Interviewer: Okay would this and something like that that would be outside maybe over a bush? 299: Well it'd be spiderwebs out there too. Interviewer: Okay um would you any other names for it if it's in the house? Like say if it doesn't have a spider? 299: Cobweb maybe Interviewer: Okay is that would but would you refer to what do you mean by cobweb I mean is that? 299: It's actually a spider's nest I mean a ne- a spider web Interviewer: Uh huh does it have a spider in it? 299: It doesn't always but it's usually he's usually the one that makes it a- Interviewer: Yeah would you talk about the thing outside being a cobweb? 299: I don't know if you would or not I don't know. Interviewer: Okay and the part of the tree that grows underneath the ground? Those are called? 299: The root the root Interviewer: Okay and did you ever hear of any kinds of roots or vines being used for medicine? 299: Uh huh herb herbs or Interviewer: Do you remember what name some of them were? 299: Uh well sassafras is the makes sassfras tea out of it it's supposed to be good just for your blood I guess. And uh I think uh ginseng is sold for medicine and uh and uh may apple root. Interviewer: What's may apple? 299: Well you know they grow out in the woods and they got like a little umbrella and they have a little white bloom on 'em underneath that little umbrella and the root uh people sell it I think. Interviewer: Do you know what it's used for? 299: No I don't just a medicine I think or a herb. Just sorta like uh ginseng or something like that. But I don't really know you know just what. Interviewer: Yeah um what are some of the trees that you have around here? 299: Well we have a hickory walnut uh sycamore and uh {NW} maple oak {NS} {X} that's about all that I can think of {NS} right now. Interviewer: What what do you call the the kind of maple that you you tap for syrup? 299: Sugar maple I believe. Interviewer: Okay and what if you had a group of these growing together? What would you call that? 299: It would be a grove maple grove. Interviewer: Okay and uh the kind of tree that George Washington {NW} #1 The kind of tree # 299: #2 Cherry # tree. Interviewer: What? 299: Cherry Interviewer: Okay and um this is kind of a shrub or bush that its got um I'm not sure exactly how to describe it. Its leaves turn bright red in the fall and its got a little its got clusters of berries on it. And its little thing at the top sorta 299: You mean a holly? Interviewer: No if the leaves turn red in the fall and it it just has a little bushy top to it. You might find it growing on a hillside or growing near a fence or something like that. Just some of the what are some of the the bushes or shrubs that just grow 299: You're not talking about your pope pope berries are you or? Interviewer: Okay what 299: Sumac Interviewer: Oh the what? 299: Sumac Interviewer: Okay that's different from the pope? 299: I think it is but I think it's the sumac or something that has berries on it. Interviewer: Yeah is that um what kind of bushes or or vines will make your skin break out if you touch 'em? 299: Oh poison oak Interviewer: Okay anything else? 299: Well they call it poison ivy too I mean it's the same thing isn't? Interviewer: What what does it look like? 299: It's got uh three leaves Interviewer: Uh huh 299: three it's a three leaf thing. Interviewer: Is this the poison oak or poison ivy or they? 299: It's the same I call it. I call them the same thing I don't really know if there's a difference or not. Interviewer: Okay and um kind of berries that that you have around here? 299: Uh you mean {NW} what type of berries you mean like black berries? Interviewer: Yeah {NW} 299: Uh blackberries is the main thing that I know of. Interviewer: Uh huh what about something that is even more like um grown in a garden what kind of berries? 299: Strawberries Interviewer: Okay and the kind of um berries that that have rough surfaces? Some of 'em are red and some are black. 299: You're not talking about raspberries or? Interviewer: Okay um have you ever heard any special names for these? 299: No I haven't. Interviewer: Okay and what about say if you were walking in the woods or something and you saw some berries and you didn't know what kind they were you might tell someone you better not eat those they might be? 299: Poison Interviewer: Okay and um {NW} what about a a tall bush that it has clusters of {NW} clusters of pink and white flowers on it? And it blooms in late spring. 299: I don't know. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of of laurel or mountain laurel? 299: Oh we don't have that here I don't believe. I've heard of it I mean only in books and things but I don't believe we've got it. Interviewer: Yeah you ever heard of rhodo rhododendron? 299: I've heard of it up in the mountains it's more up in east Tennessee or something but not here I don't believe. Interviewer: Okay um and a large flowering tree thats got shiny green leaves to it and these big white flowers? 299: Magnolia I call it. Interviewer: Okay is that have you ever heard of cowcumber or cucumber tree? 299: No I haven't. Interviewer: Okay um and say if uh say if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something she'd say well I have to ask? 299: My husband Interviewer: Okay any other ways she might refer to him? Maybe joking ways or anything. 299: The old man. {NW} Interviewer: Okay and um he would say I have to ask? 299: My wife or the the boss. {NW} Interviewer: OKay and um a woman who's lost her husband is called a? 299: Widow Interviewer: Okay and if he just left her then she'd be a? 299: Divorcee Interviewer: Okay any other name? 299: {NW} Grass widow Interviewer: Okay and um the man whose child you are is called your? 299: Father or daddy Interviewer: Okay and um what did you call him ususally? 299: Daddy usually Interviewer: Any thing else people would? 299: Papa or pappy or {NW} Interviewer: Okay #1 and uh # 299: #2 Pa # Interviewer: Huh? 299: Or pa Interviewer: Okay and his wife would be called your? 299: Mother or mama Interviewer: Okay and um together they'd be your? 299: Parents Interviewer: Okay and um your fathers father was your? 299: Grandfather Interviewer: Okay #1 what would # 299: #2 or grandaddy # Interviewer: #1 # 299: #2 # Interviewer: What did people call him? 299: You mean? Interviewer: What names do people have for their grandfather? 299: Like grand daddy or grandfather or big daddy or Interviewer: Okay um and his wife would be your? 299: Grandmother grand mama grandma Interviewer: Okay you ever heard big mama? 299: Yeah big mama yeah a lot of 'em do that call 'em that. Interviewer: Who says that is the meaning special? 299: I can't think of anybody special but I've heard say big mama a lot. Interviewer: Yeah um you'd say I was the youngest of five? 299: Kids Interviewer: Okay any other? 299: Children Interviewer: Okay and um something on wheels that you can put a baby in it it'll lie down? 299: You mean like a a buggy or uh carriage. Interviewer: Okay are they they have that hood over 299: Uh huh Interviewer: sorta thing? 299: Uh huh Interviewer: Is buggy and carriages the same thing? 299: I think so. Interviewer: Okay say um you you put the baby in the buggy and then you go out and what the baby? 299: Uh some people call it take 'em strolling or something but I don't know. Interviewer: Okay um and you say you might have a son or a? 299: Daughter Interviewer: Okay or a boy and a? 299: Girl Interviewer: Okay and a woman was gonna have a child you'd say she's? 299: Pregnant or expecting Interviewer: Okay would that was that word pregnant nice to use when you were growing up? 299: Oh no you didn't say pregnant. You didn't even say expecting. You just didn't say. {NW} My grandmother'd say she's {D: that black} {NW} Interviewer: That sounds really funny. 299: {D: Yeah they} Interviewer: Well that's just like her. 299: {NW} They just didn't talk about it usually. {NW} Interviewer: What um {NW} were there any sorta funny expressions you'd ever heard or to refer to a woman being pregnant? Like say she she's swallowed a pumpkin seed or she 299: Yeah I've heard that but all Interviewer: rub her foot or anything? 299: Or she ate too much or something or something like that but I couldn't tell you any special incidents. Interviewer: Say um if you didn't have a a doctor to deliever a baby you might send for this woman? 299: Midwife Interviewer: Okay and um say if a boy has a and his father has the same appearance you know that the boy has the same the same color hair and the same shaped nose and everything you say'd that the boy? 299: Resembles his daddy. Interviewer: Okay what if um what if he doesn't what if he has the same behavior the same mannerisms? 299: So they act just alike. Interviewer: Okay and what say if if um if his father was just sorta no good and and had bad habits you know and as the son got older it looked like the son was was gonna turn out to be the same how would you say that? 299: Like father like son Interviewer: Okay um and um say if a mother's looked after three children until they're all grown up you'd say that she's what three children? 299: She's reared or raised three children. Interviewer: Okay and um say if the child was misbehavin you might tell 'em now if you do that again you're gonna get a? 299: Whooping Interviewer: Okay what is 299: Or whipping really Interviewer: How um if you use different terms to say if you're talking to a say four or five year old kid would you say the same thing that you'd say to a say 299: Or some of it call it a thrashing uh yeah some it's only who's doing the talking usually they would. Interviewer: Well people 299: Spanking really Interviewer: people talk to say a four year old and say give him a thrashing or would you does 299: They usually say give you a spanking. Interviewer: Okay and say what about um say one boy might say to another would 299: Uh you mean like um knock you down or? Interviewer: Yeah would would they say whip you or thrash you or? 299: No they'd say whipping I'm gonna I'm gonna whip you or I'm gonna whoop you or I'm gonna knock you down or. Interviewer: Okay um say if if Bob is five inches taller