Interviewer:  Questions first {X} um your full name?
299:  Margaret {B} {B} {B}
Interviewer:  Okay and your address?
299:  It's {B} Tennessee
Interviewer:  Okay, And your address? {B}
299:  Tennessee
Interviewer:  Okay The name of this community?
299:  {B} Community
Interviewer:  And the county?
299:  Houston
Interviewer:  Okay and um where were you born?
299:  Well I was born in Houston County but um Grice's Creek. That's G-U-I-C-E-S Creek.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh how far away is that?
299:  Well um uh that's about a {NS} seventeen miles.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  It's ten miles to {D: Erin} and it's about seven miles beyond {X}.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm How long did you live there?
299:  Well uh 'til I married.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  Which is in uh about twenty two years.
Interviewer:  Okay and um how old are you?
299:  Thirty seven I can't even remember. {C:Laughing} I can't hardly remember{C: laughing}
Interviewer:  And um let's see what have you ever done any work outside your home?
299:  Yes I work at uh a secretary to the Houston county board of education.
Interviewer:  Okay and um what church do you go to?
299:  Church of Christ
Interviewer:  That new one that they're?
299:  Uh huh well well {NS} no not the new one down here the one up the road.
Interviewer:  And tell me about the schools that you've gone to.
299:  Well uh {X} down below Grice's Creek I went to elementary school I started in the first grade {C: tape noise} and went through the eighth grade at a two teacher school.
Interviewer:  Uh huh what was?
299:  Spring Hill
Interviewer:  Was that the name of?
299:  S-P-R-I-N-G H-I-L-L
Interviewer:  Uh huh okay and that was through how?
299:  Well uh first grade through the eighth grade.
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  And then I went to Houston County High School. Four years
Interviewer:  Where was that?
299:  In Erin that's just about ten miles {X}.
Interviewer:  Uh huh Have you done much traveling?
299:  No I haven't very little.
Interviewer:  Okay and um I like to get an idea of um you know what um just sort of what people you associate with a lot you know if you're real active in clubs or
299:  #1 Well you see I have #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
299:  worked eighteen years at this one job well I'm going on nineteen years. I started the work uh in the fall after I finished high school. And so I have worked there all my life you know what I mean? {C: tape noise} So I've met almost everybody in the county through just my job.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And course other than work {C: tape noise} and the church on Sunday {C: tape noise} there's very little other things that you know I do.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  I don't belong to any clubs or anything. {C: tape noise} but really I have met almost everyone in the county through this my job and {C: Cough}
Interviewer:  Tell me about your parents um
299:  Well {C: tape noise} {D: I've} there's a ten children in the family as far as that goes.{C: tape noise} My mother and daddy are still living.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  But my grandfather was from West Tennessee on my daddy's side.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  So he's really the only uh one that wasn't originally from Houston County. {C: tape noise} But he {C:Coughing} was borned in West Tennessee. In a little place called well his people live in Finger. Finger, Tennessee {C: tape noise} And you know Robin Beard the congressman
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  His name he's got the same last name that I had. And uh I know his name came out of the paper showing that he's visiting Finger, Tennessee making his {C: tape noise} speeches and uh that was were my grandfather was really from down there.
Interviewer:  Is that were his his folks were from?
299:  Mm-hmm And uh he uh came to live her and uh paint when he was about nineteen years old. Some {C: tape noise} -where in his teens {C: tape noise} up on Grice's Creek. And I believe she left him the place when she died this place where my daddy was born. So that's how come him didn't come to Tennessee and he was actually about nineteen years older than my grandmother. In fact he was he fought in the Civil War and she was born when the Civil during the Civil War. So that's how much difference there was in their ages.
Interviewer:  Do you know um how much education they had? Your parents
299:  #1 My parents #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
299:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
299:  #1 now my mother #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah #
299:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
299:  she finished high school and uh and went to summer school or something and got a certificate and taught school two years. And my father he's a finished the eighth grade I believe.
Interviewer:  What work did he do?
299:  He farmed all of his life.
Interviewer:  What about your grandparents do you know anything about their education? Or occupations or?
299:  Well my grandparents on my daddy's side my he- my- his daddy farmed all his life too. And course his wife she never did anything but just house wife.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  And my grandparents on my mother's side uh well my granddaddy he ran a grocery store all of his life that I remember that I actually you know went to the grocery all the time to. And then course my grandmother on my mother's side she didn't she just a house wife
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What about their education do you have any idea?
299:  I really don't know but my grandfather on my mother's side was a he was a justice of peace in uh sorta was always active in politics and and county affairs I guess you would say.
Interviewer:  Okay um and would you know anything about your your family further back you know maybe what well maybe before they came to Tennessee or when you know anything like that?
299:  Um no not really see my grandfather that's from West Tennessee as far really knowing a lot about his people didn't anyone {NS} know anything about him much. Except um mother says my mother says that her mother-n-law said one day that uh {C: tape noise} he had a red headed sister with brown eyes and she said uh {D: how} said she always wished that uh somebody in the family would have a child with red hair and brown eyes. So uh out of all of my brothers and sisters mother had one girl that had red hair and the brown eyes. And so she said she just always remembered that they said that grandpa had a sister with read hair.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  But as far as knowing much about his people we didn't. I don't think they even visited much cause that was a long ways to go you know.
Interviewer:  Yeah it sure was. Um
299:  And of course ah {C: tape noise} my grandfather on my mother's side
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  Course like you know I said he was borned on Grice's Creek and everything {C: tape noise} and um his father which was my great grandfather
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  Oh when he was born they didn't even think he was gonna live so they didn't bother to name him.{C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} And when he got old enough he could named hisself {C:Laughing} so that's my great grandfather.{C: tape noise} So he actually {C: tape noise} had three wives he ah married my grandfather's mother and then she died and he got married again.{C: tape noise} And had two children and she died.{C: tape noise} And then he married a real young woman about nineteen years old and he was oh I guess he was way up in his fifties then {C: tape noise} and they had one child. So he had three wives. {C:Laughing} But it so other than that I don't really know ah a whole lot about you know
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  anything that's of any interest much.
Interviewer:  What um what about your husband? How old is he?
299:  Uh he's seven years older than I am so he's uh forty four.
Interviewer:  Okay and um what church does he go to?
299:  He doesn't go. But he's he's really a member of the Church of Christ, but he
Interviewer:  Um and what about his education?
299:  He finished eighth grade.
Interviewer:  Okay what work does he do?
299:  He's disable.
Interviewer:  Has he ever been?
299:  Well yeah he's a has worked in Michigan at a when his younger days he worked in Michigan at the automobile plants and things out there. And he was in the Navy
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  three years before I even knew him really.
Interviewer:  Did you ever live in Michigan? Or was that before you met him?
299:  That was before I met him that's before he ever married before he went into service he he worked in Michigan off and on.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  Over the years but I didn't didn't even know him then. We've lived here ever since he ever since we've been married.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Um do you know where he's from or where his parents are from?
299:  Oh yeah he's from just about {C: tape noise} four miles over the hill is of the same kind. {C: laughs}
Interviewer:  Uh huh And um what about his parents? Were the born around here? Would you know?
299:  Ah {C: tape noise} well his daddy was born on Grice's Creek {C: tape noise} and his mother was borned uh well it is on the other side of Grice's Creek I don't know what you'd call it. It's several miles beyond Grice's Creek.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What's this um community like has it changed much since you've?
299:  Well {C: tape noise} this community?
Interviewer:  Uh huh growing up here
299:  Well see I haven't actually {C: tape noise} lived here but uh in this community for about {C: tape noise} think six years.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  So as far as knowing much about this community uh I don't really know a lot about it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  But uh because like I said I was born in Grice's Creek and then after we married we uh lived in Erin.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  Which are you familiar with Erin?
Interviewer:  I'm staying there.
299:  Mm-hmm well that's where uh we lived there in an apartment for awhile after we married. And then from there we moved here and we've lived here then ever since. So
Interviewer:  How many years did you live in Erin?
299:  Um well we lived there from fifty eight to to sixty seven. So it would be about nine. Somewhere around nine years.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and um well this tell me some about what um well the town that you grew up in how that was what that was like then and you know what it's like now and.
299:  The community where I I was born?
Interviewer:  Just the community that you are most familiar with.
299:  Well {C: tape noise} the course the community where I was born and raised um Grice which is a {C: tape noise} Grice's Creek community was which is just a a farming community and ah it's just farms and uh well um {C: tape noise} {X} there was ten in our family and then just uh on the next farm in sight there was the neighbors they had I think it was seventeen children in their family. {C: tape noise} And then on the other side of us my aunt lived up the road my daddy's sister {C: tape noise} and they had seven or eight children. {C: tape noise} So uh {C: tape noise} then on up the road on ever ever neighbor and family almost had as many as six or seven or eight children.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  So uh {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} but {C: tape noise} course us and the family down the road from us {C: tape noise} had the sixteen or seventeen children. Ah we were the closest of all of course we uh {C: tape noise} played together all of our lives. But uh other than that we never did even as much as we didn't even get as far as Erin very often which was six {C: tape noise} I'd say six or seven miles to town. {C: tape noise} So we very seldom even went to town. It was a rare occasion when uh {C: tape noise} we went to town. And uh my granddaddy on my mother's side which lived about a mile up the road from us he had a he ran the grocery store up there which we spent a lot of time up there and just thought we had got to town when we got to the grocery store. And he had a well it is either an A model or T model Ford I don't know which it was cause his back then very few people in that community even had a car. But he did have a car {Cough} so sometimes when I spent the night up there my grandmother would let me go to town with them. So we would there I'd be about say six years old or something and sometimes it would be winter time
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  but he'd buy me an ice cream cone and then take me to the court house where he'd spend all of his time probably sitting talking to the old lawyers there in town and there were other {X} and things like that. And so that was my trips to town usually which was very seldom.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  And uh really uh now see all of the people in that community all the children all those people have married and moved away. And so there is really nobody there now but just older couples in the community.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And uh in fact see I don't there is still just one brother at home at mother's and that's all. He's not married. And then uh the neighbors down the road that had the seventeen there's not any at home there.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And uh should I answer?
Interviewer:  If that's your phone yeah. {C:Ringing} There's only?
299:  He's at his mother's now. His mother
Interviewer:  You were telling me about community growing up.
299:  I really don't know anything else. Is there anything in general that you?
Interviewer:  I was just wondering um I had um noticed that it seemed most of these smaller communities people had sort of just moved out or you know just mainly older people.
299:  Well see that's what happened to our community see my mother and daddy lived in where they still live and uh still live and then my the neighbors down the road there's just the couple man and woman. And up the road my aunt uh it's just the two of them and uh the old home place where I was born and were daddy's daddy's mother and daddy lived and everything uh it burned back uh few years ago it was one of these old uh two story houses you know that had the long front porch you know like you see a lot in the south. And uh so it burned so that house is gone. And um well I'd say from say within a two mile distance of where I was born and raised I'd say there's not but two children no there's about four children on that whole two mile space where when I was growing up well you couldn't count them because every family
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  had eight or nine children and right now I know of four children on that whole two mile distance
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  of Grice's Creek. And that two teacher school where I went to school closed down.
Interviewer:  How is um the built they've down some have they built these lakes recently? Or just built up this area?
299:  Oh they've done a lot now this this Kentucky lake down here ah well it it was there when I was a child. I don't know actually what year it was uh formed or whatever they did because I did when I was just a child I did
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  I'd gone with some neighbors to see the lake and that was the first time I ever saw it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And uh oh I don't know course there has been a lot the TBA has moved in to Cumberland city which is about seven miles from where I was born and raised. The steam plant had just been built and just now it's just about completed now. And of course that's all come about just since I was growing up and uh of course there has been quite a few changes in this town of Erin. Even that I can remember the tore down so many of the old houses and course they built a new courthouse since I can remember and uh well it has just changed a lot. I don't know anything in general you know just
Interviewer:  Yeah someone had I looked at a map and there was a place up well it's up in Stewart County called um Tharpe. And then on this other map Tharpe wasn't on there.
299:  Oh
Interviewer:  And I was wondering
299:  I've heard of Tharpe community or
Interviewer:  Uh huh someone said
299:  I've heard of that but I didn't know
Interviewer:  Someone said that just with all the making state parks and everything that that is had just been sort of wiped out. I was wondering if if they were trying to turn this area more into of a resort area just around here with the fishing.
299:  Uh huh
Interviewer:  And tourism and everything. Coming to the lake
299:  Well I haven't really uh heard anybody predict this now we do have oh so many people now that have their camps down here and all this. And um but I haven't heard anybody say {C: tape noise} that they would just turn this into a resort area {C: tape noise} like uh over in Stewart county they did turn this what they call the land between the lakes I understand and they bought out everybody {C: tape noise} almost that lived in that land. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Yeah that that was where Tharpe was.
299:  It was. Well I knew a some people you know that moved even to Stewart there was an old lady that lived down here and there was {C: tape noise} another old couple that lived down on down below. {C: tape noise} But lived oh near {X} or somewhere in Stewart County. And they they had to move. And uh course I'm not too familiar with that type of thing you know but uh they had had their homes and their farms and all that it had been bought out.
Interviewer:  So all that that's the land between the lakes is just
299:  Just the way I understand a camping area you know just {C: tape noise} there's nothing there I mean. I've never been there but uh everyone's that's been talk like you don't see very much of anything except
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  just it's just land between the lakes. And the bought out everyone that owned it. And everybody had to move out. And I know different ones that talk about the old houses and things that were just left you know maybe.
Interviewer:  {X} {C: Laughing}
299:  But I'm not too familiar with all that cause we haven't actually had anything like that to really happen {C: tape noise} right here you know. Except this steam plant now {C: tape noise} this Cumberland city steam plant uh I guess they they did buy out some people that before they built that. But it's mostly right down there on that Cumberland River you see. So {C: tape noise} I don't know much about cause as far as the Grice's Creek community it still just about like it was as far as the land is concerned. The same people own the same land almost. That they did when I lived there. So nobody selled much out there. Everybody stayed
Interviewer:  Yeah {C: tape noise} I'd like to get any idea of the what the house you grew up in looks like um if
299:  Well {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  you know sort of a floor plan of it. If if you could sort of draw the floor plan {C: tape noise} and is I just wanna see
299:  Well it's real simple {C: tape noise} {NS} just like {NS} just like this. {C: laughing} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What direction is it facing first of all?
299:  I don't know my directions that well. I really don't.
Interviewer:  Do you just sort of take a guess of it?
299:  Well let's see just a minute I believe it's facing south because because uh the reason I remember {C: tape noise} we'd go out on the back porch {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  and it seems that we'd always see those northern lights the call 'em you know {C: tape noise} that's in the sky. {C: tape noise} And the sun would {C: tape noise} come up at the end of the house.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  So I believe it would be facing south and it's just uh it's just uh really one of these houses that has the long front porch.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And it just has a closed in hall in the middle
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And here's the well which is the living and bedroom combined now you see we just {C: tape noise} didn't have much space. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What did you call it?
299:  We called it the house. {C: tape noise} {X}{C: tape noise} We called this room right here {C: tape noise} the room we stayed in we called it the house.{C: tape noise} And well this room was called the other room.{C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  {C:Laughing}
299:  Now this is what the girl at work laughs at me about.{C: tape noise} the front door was right here. {C: tape noise} And this was a window right there {C: tape noise} and a window right there and a window there in that room. {C: tape noise} well a window there but {C: tape noise} and then off of this room there was the kitchen like that. {C: tape noise} And then the back porch was about like that. And of course a door went out on the back porch. {X} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  So
299:  Really this is a long front porch {C: tape noise} and this this was a bedroom living room combined {C: tape noise} we just called it the house now as we's growing up {X} If we said going into the house we meant going in that room over there.
Interviewer:  That's the south
299:  #1 That #
Interviewer:  #2 south um #
299:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # West {C: tape noise}
299:  Mm-hmm {C: tape noise} that's right and then a {C: tape noise} this was the hall way {C: tape noise} and this was {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} another room a bedroom or something. Well every room was a bedroom that wasn't the kitchen then {C: tape noise} because that many children. {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} And so we um {C: tape noise} we just called this the house and this was the other room actually
Interviewer:  Directly across then from the the house {C: tape noise}
299:  Uh huh {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  #1 And then the {U:self less} #
299:  #2 Oh here was # here's the upstairs {C: tape noise} the steps in the hallway {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  went upstairs. {C: tape noise} And then upstairs there was there was a a room over this room {C: tape noise} this room and this room. {C: tape noise} Which was one of these just rooms like this you know I don't know if you are familiar with rooms that are not actually {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} a they're not full sized rooms {C: tape noise} see where the {C: tape noise} roof come up like this.
Interviewer:  Oh yeah {C: tape noise}
299:  those little rooms upstairs nothing but little eaves.
Interviewer:  Yeah I
299:  So uh {C: tape noise} but now there was upstairs rooms over this room and this room and this room. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  So it would be the?
299:  But there was just this is the back porch right here so there was actually just the three rooms downstairs three little bitty rooms up- stairs. {C: tape noise} Now did you want me to label these? {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Yeah the kitchen then would be directly behind the the house. I mean the room.
299:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  That be so in the in the south I mean the the north of west corner.
299:  I'd say this is south and maybe this was north {C: tape noise} and uh {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  And then what's this again?
299:  The this is the hall. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Yeah and this?
299:  This is the {C: tape noise} stairway that went up to these first stairs. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  That's right in the hall
299:  #1 right in the hall #
Interviewer:  #2 off the #
299:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # #1 main room there. #
299:  #2 uh huh # And uh this is the back {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Did you have rooms divided upstairs? {C: tape noise}
299:  Uh yes {C: tape noise} these rooms were divided in fact there was a hallway {C: tape noise} upstairs a little hallway see these stairs went up from this hallway {C: tape noise} from the main floor. {C: tape noise} Hooking on those stairs {C: tape noise} and it had a little {C: tape noise} landing we called it {C: tape noise} stairs which was a little hallway and then it was divided into a the room on the one side {C: tape noise} and uh {C: tape noise} then the room on the other. And now this room over the kitchen was actually we never did use it except we called it a junk room we never did have a bed in there. But uh {C: tape noise} really this upstairs room over this room {C: tape noise} a bedroom for the usually for some of the girls. And the boys had this {C: tape noise} bedroom upstairs {C: tape noise} over the house. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  {C: Laughing} {X} So it is exactly the same design upstairs?
299:  Uh huh
Interviewer:  Except for the porches.
299:  Except for the porches uh huh. And the rooms of those that have the eaves like that. {X} You couldn't stand up anywhere but in the middle of the room really when you got over {C: tape noise} the sides you had to kind of stoop over. {X} {C: tape noise} I didn't know how to label these these are actually
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  that bed the room over there is uh it's just the main room that we we lived in. but Course in those days we didn't have a living room
Interviewer:  Suit
299:  -thing we just had chairs beds. {NW} And as far as the house it's still the same now. It it hasn't been changed but a very little. Except just within the past few months mother has had a room built off the kitchen right here sort of a utility room. {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  So there's the
299:  That's the only change to the house you might say
Interviewer:  Is extending west off the kitchen?
299:  Uh huh
Interviewer:  How did you have it heated?
299:  With just these uh tin heaters with wood.
Interviewer:  Uh huh What about uh an older um type house how would that be heated? {C: tape noise}
299:  Fireplaces maybe uh {NW} see this uh this house {C: tape noise} when {C: tape noise} daddy and mother moved there it had a fireplace {C: tape noise} and that's how we heated that main room
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  uh when uh this room here where this window was here it was a big tall chimney and a fireplace there. And I can remember as a child actually you know that was the only way of heating in that room was the fireplace. And uh so uh that was the only heat we had course in the kitchen we cooked with the wood {C: tape noise} and on a wood stove. In fact my mother is still cooking on a wood stove even though she's got electric. {X} But she still cooks on a wood stove. Cause she likes it. {C: tape noise} She nearly burns up this way. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  {NW}
299:  My mother hasn't changed hardly any since over the years
Interviewer:  Yeah um tell me about a fireplace the the part that the smoke would go up through what would you call that?
299:  Well I just the chimney {C: tape noise} is what we called it. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay you know on at a factory you might have something similar a big a bigger thing.
299:  Uh huh
Interviewer:  Would you call that a chimney? #1 Or would you have #
299:  #2 or smoke stack #
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Smoke stack
Interviewer:  Ah okay and um the the open place on the floor in front of the fireplace?
299:  The hearth
Interviewer:  Okay
299:  Ah
Interviewer:  Do you ever remember cooking on that?
299:  Well
Interviewer:  Or is that
299:  {X} well really when I was say about five years old before I started to school {C: tape noise} when we actually heated with the fireplace.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  I can kinda of remember mother putting um {C: tape noise} a pot of something say beans on to start them to simmer or something {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} and but actually cooking on it she didn't {C: tape noise} and I can remember her uh {C: tape noise} heating {C: tape noise} water with uh well she'd get a great big kettle of some kind and she'd course we didn't have hot water and so I can remember heating hot water {C: tape noise} on that a lot. In fact she would just set it you know some fireplaces are made with the hooks where you hook pots on but this one wasn't. And so one day she had this pot of {C: tape noise} hot water boiling you know to maybe she was going to wash diapers I imagine {C: tape noise} and she was sitting in front of this fireplace attending to the baby. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And this uh the wood {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} broke you know burned in two. And this hot water all come {C: tape noise} just turned over and poured out on her. {NS} And it burned her legs All underneath her she grabbed the baby and and {X} So therefore {NS} {X} {X} {NW} {X} So {X} you want to hear more about the fire? {NW} {NW} But uh as far as mother cooking on it I can't remember but like I said I do remember heating water on it. {C: tape noise} And uh {C: tape noise} and then oh I can remember {C: tape noise} after we the next winter {NS} probably after we quit heating with it uh we put up a tin heater
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  to burn wood in it to heat the house and uh {C: tape noise} see they didn't close in the fireplace right at the time right at the first and I can remember uh when the rest of the kids had gone to school well we would {C: tape noise} get what ever we were going to eat for dinner and get back in the fireplace {C: tape noise} and sit back in there in eat because it was just a {C: tape noise} a nook you know back in that. So that's I do remember that about it and I was just about five years old then.
Interviewer:  What about say if you were going to start a fire what would you call that kind of wood?
299:  Kindling kindling
Interviewer:  And you know you might have a big piece of wood that you put towards the back?
299:  The backlog
Interviewer:  Okay what would you lay the wood on?
299:  Oh those dog irons {NW} that's what I'd call.
Interviewer:  Okay have you ever heard any other name for that?
299:  Really I haven't I don't.
Interviewer:  Okay um what about the oh the place about the fireplace?
299:  The mantle
Interviewer:  You ever hear any other names for that?
299:  No I haven't.
Interviewer:  Okay um I was thinking of fire board or or clock shelf
299:  Uh uh no I haven't
Interviewer:  Um the black stuff that that you clean that gets up in the chimney?
299:  Soot
Interviewer:  Okay and the stuff that you have to clean out of the fireplace?
299:  Ashes you mean?
Interviewer:  Uh huh Okay um and talk about things that you might have in a room um? {X}
299:  Well I say a chair {C: tape noise} but uh what a lot of people say "cheers." {C: pronunciation demonstration of "chairs"} {NW} But we always say chair but we had our neighbors that say "cheers." {C: pronunciation of neighbors' "chairs"} {NW}
Interviewer:  What about this thing that we are sitting on now? {C: tape noise}
299:  Well {C: tape noise} we call it a couch {C: tape noise} but I've {C: tape noise} but when I was growing up we called them devonettes {C: laughing} {NW} {C: tape noise} But really couches and devonettes and sofas {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh huh For it all mean the same thing? {C: tape noise}
299:  Mm-hmm as far as I'm concerned it does. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay um what about something that you might have in your bedroom
299:  Well {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  to put your clothes in? {C: tape noise}
299:  Well uh we used to call them chifforobes.
Interviewer:  What was that like?
299:  Well it was uh {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} it just a big tall piece of furniture that had uh {C: tape noise} usually it had uh {C: tape noise} one big door {C: tape noise} like a closet kind of but then it had {C: tape noise} three drawers. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  Maybe on this side with the mirror or maybe up over those three drawers or some kind have the mirror up over ah another little {X} there's different types but we didn't ever actually have one. {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} But I the neighbors had one and they called it the chifforobe. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Did you have a place for hanging the clothes up there? In the in the chifforobe? {C: tape noise}
299:  In that part {C: tape noise} yeah that compartment had the long door {C: tape noise} it had uh a rod I believe a little short rod but I don't think there was much space and usually my stuff {C: tape noise} it had to. {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} The place was about that big to hang clothes. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  About a foot?
299:  Yeah and it would be about the length of say a dress {C: tape noise} i think. And then the drawers {X} now my grandmother she had uh a big two compartment you know it had two big doors and {C: tape noise} she it was tall. She had a real good one it was almost like a closet but it was actually a sorta of a homemade chiff- chifforobe. {NW}
Interviewer:  What other things?
299:  Uh you mean?
Interviewer:  For putting clothes in.
299:  Well other than closets uh
Interviewer:  What about something just with drawers in it but doesn't have a place for hanging them up?
299:  Oh we had those chest of drawers we called it.
Interviewer:  Okay
299:  That's all we had.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard any other name?
299:  Well {C: tape noise} uh yeah {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Bureau or something like that?
299:  Well {C: tape noise} uh yeah I've heard them called a bureau {C: tape noise} br- {C: tape noise} bureau's but I I'd forgotten about yeah. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What about something that maybe has has drawers in it and it has a mirror to it?
299:  Say like a dress {C: tape noise} well uh say like a dresser
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Talk about what's is that how's that different from a does that always have a mirror to it or? How would you describe that?
299:  Well I describe it always {C: tape noise} having a mirror usually but now back I can remember when people had and we didn't actually have those the kind of those dressing tables it actually just had {C: tape noise} a mirror that hung over them.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And our neigh {C: tape noise} But uh and our neighbors had uh they didn't have ah what you call a dresser they had uh {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} something that had three shelves in it and they just called them the shelves {C: tape noise} and they had a mirror that hung over that. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And uh everytime they always would go to the she they'd say go {C: tape noise} to the shelves and get whatever it was you know and uh so they always talked about the shelves which we didn't have. {NW}
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  But uh {X} for me with those dressing tables and the neighbors who'd have the shelves.
Interviewer:  Um what about something that you might have in in your windows to something on rollers solid material
299:  Shade the shades.
Interviewer:  Okay that's that's solid material isn't?
299:  Uh huh it's usually some kind of matting it's vinyl or
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  but yes it just unrolls on shades
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if a little room at the top of the house not really a an upstairs exactly what might you call that? {NW}
299:  Really I I don't really know. I think I couldn't think of anything.
Interviewer:  Do you ever speak of a loft or sky parlor or attic
299:  Well attic {C: tape noise} yes see that's what you'd really call it {C: tape noise} and in a way our rooms upstairs a lot of people would call them the attics. {C: tape noise} Which they weren't actually the upstairs rooms. {C: tape noise} But uh the attic is about the only word that I'm real familiar with.
Interviewer:  Okay um and now have you ever heard of well I guess your house didn't have it but in kitchens um you know people using a different type kitchen in the summer than they did in the winter.
299:  Yeah see I'm not familiar with that either but see I've I have read you know uh a lotta I used to read a lot of books you know about the South it's always kinda of fascinating. And uh {C: tape noise} the way they did and they always had in these books I read they talked about the summer kitchen and this type of stuff.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And uh in fact they even had it appeared that they even had sinks or something where they even washed the vegetables in some kitchen or something. {C: tape noise} Now this house that my where my daddy was born and raised where I was actually born but we moved into this one after I was born. {C: tape noise} It had the two main rooms downstairs and upstairs it had the big long front porch sort of like this one {C: tape noise} but on the back {C: tape noise} it had a long front porch and it went all the way down the back {C: tape noise} upstairs and downstairs on both front and back. {C: tape noise} And then it had a we called it the game plan or something {C: tape noise} that just went {C: tape noise} out into the outside {C: tape noise} and the kitchen was actually a little {C: tape noise} little room outside. {C: tape noise} It didn't even connect {C: tape noise} the only thing that connected it to the main {C: tape noise} house {C: tape noise} was a that little {C: tape noise} a walkway {C: tape noise} that walked and it wasn't even covered over over over the top. And at my daddy's home place to go from the kitchen to the bedrooms or the rooms they actually stayed you went across that little plank porch of a thing to that room. And it it was actually it was a kitchen all out there itself. And but it but this house was built back well in the southern days when you know back when {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} years and years and they probably even had slaves {C: tape noise} and probably even had slaves just cook in the kitchen probably I don't know {C: tape noise} But it that I'd forgotten about that but that's what it was yeah that kitchen was completely little{C: tape noise} house out there.
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  And uh it would actually you'd actually get get wet going to the kitchen.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear that called anything besides kitchen? Did you ever hear of cook house or cook room or?
299:  No we never did. {C: tape noise} We never did call it anything else. Now uh at the school Springhill school where I went to school uh back before I started to school you know uh that was back in I guess it was Roosevelt days you know well they built a cook house they called it then a little house out at the corner of the school ground. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And they they actually cooked meals in that little room {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} in that little house and carried them into the main school room and served them. And uh they called that the cook house and it was referred to as the cook house {C: tape noise} but they see all that closed down bout the time I started to school you know and ah they was given commodities up until I started school. {C: tape noise} And then they closed that down they actually never did have a lunch room there at the school as long as I was going. But then after I started the high school they uh started this new lunch program that is in effect now were they actually give the commodities and everything. My older sister and brothers actually went to school where they did have the cook house out in the corner of the the school ground. {C: tape noise} And that little house stayed out there all the years that I was in school and we referred to it as the cook house. But it just they stored junk in it when I was in school.
Interviewer:  Yeah What would you um where would you keep your canned goods and dishes?
299:  Well a lot of people had pantries which we didn't have at home. And uh we just uh uh had 'em in what we called the kitchen cabinet and the safe and {X} safe.
Interviewer:  I think I know what you are talking about.
299:  It's it's usually there they maybe white or something {C: tape noise} some of them stand up on four legs {C: tape noise} high across the floor {C: tape noise} and some of them are not they are long ones. {C: tape noise} But they're just uh ah it's a piece of furniture that has {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} usually those big tall ones have two doors up above and a drawer in the middle and two doors down below. And mother's got both kinds and then these that's got the four long legs. It sits up on legs just has two little doors they have shelves in it. {NW} {NW} {C: tape noise} And then the kitchen cabinet {C: tape noise} which is not like the cabinets we have now mother still has one of those it's just a kitchen cabinet with the two doors above with a compartment down here where you usually keep your salt and spices and everything and then the door and drawers down here underneath and it has this counter that pulls out with a biscuit board
Interviewer:  Uh huh So that's a piece of furniture then rather than something
299:  Uh huh it's uh in other words it's not installed in the building {C: tape noise} it's just a piece of furniture that you can move it around. My mother still has that the kitchen cabinet the safes and of course she still has the wood cook stove.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  She's got nothing built-in in her kitchen
Interviewer:  Talk about the daily house work you'd say that a woman does what every morning?
299:  What does she do every morning?
Interviewer:  Yeah to the house you'd say every morning she?
299:  Well I'd say does her house work.
Interviewer:  Okay um say if you were sweeping the floor and dusting and so forth you'd say that you were?
299:  Cleaning
Interviewer:  Okay Um and the thing that you sweep with?
299:  Broom
Interviewer:  Okay and say if if the broom were were right there in that corner you'd say that it was? Where? See the the door's open so the it's sort of hiding you'd say that the broom was?
299:  I'd just say that it was in that corner
Interviewer:  Okay but in relation to the door you'd that it?
299:  Behind the door
Interviewer:  Okay and um maybe this is too far back for you but traditionally at least on Monday woman usually did their?
299:  Their washing
Interviewer:  Okay and on Tuesday's?
299:  The ironing usually
Interviewer:  Okay what what might you call both washing and ironing together?
299:  The laundry I guess.
Interviewer:  Okay and um you mentioned um that you had a I think you said a stairway inside the house
299:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Would you use that same word um talking about something say from the ground to the porch?
299:  No we called them step we called them steps.
Interviewer:  Okay um and um you know different types of there are different types of porches you know do what would you call say a porch that comes off the second floor of the house?
299:  Oh I've heard them call verandas {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay {NW}
299:  that but uh {C: tape noise} I'm not familiar too much with that. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What about other names for different?
299:  Balconies or balconies or {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Is that from the second floor?
299:  I would think so uh huh. {C: tape noise} Yeah I have heard of people talk about from the balcony. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What about um say a porch that goes around the corner of the house or a small porch off the back or do you think of any different names?
299:  Well course now-a-days patios they {C: tape noise} you know use that a lot but uh back then a it was just the back porch and the front porch usually and now a lot of people called a different a {C: tape noise} I don't know if they's referring to steps or what they'd call them the stoops. Now I don't know if they's talking about a little porch usually {C: tape noise} to me when I think of a stoop they used to call it {C: tape noise} the stoops I think of a little small porch.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  It's not it's not a step and it's not actually a porch it's
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  And I've heard people call them stoops but now I don't know it's I can't think of anything right now.
Interviewer:  Okay did you ever heard of dog trot or dog run?
299:  Yeah I've heard of the dog trot and and I really I imagine {C: tape noise} anybody might call that little porch that went over to the kitchen where my daddy was born and raised somebody might even call that a dog trot I mean it was a it was a little porch that ran out from the main porch you know to connect to the kitchen. That's kind of what it was a dog trot {NW}
Interviewer:  What what is a dog trot mean I'm not I didn't grow up hearing the word I'm not really sure how
299:  #1 I really don't know. #
Interviewer:  #2 What do you picture # when someone says when you talk about dog trot?
299:  Well you think of a little {C: tape noise} porch that a dog would {C: tape noise} trot across you know. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  So just something long and narrow?
299:  Uh huh {C: tape noise} in other words there's not much to it except a narrow thing {C: tape noise} that's what I think of {C: tape noise} but I'm not too sure cause a lot of things I've just heard and I don't really know.
Interviewer:  Yeah Okay um say if that's open and you don't want it to be you'd tell someone to?
299:  Close the door.
Interviewer:  Or another word you might use?
299:  Shut the door.
Interviewer:  Okay And um you know some houses have have these boards
Interviewer:  boards that lap on the outside of the house that lap over each other you know?
299:  Oh well we called that weather weather boarding
Interviewer:  Okay
299:  block. Now there are things like clap clapboard or something but I don't know for sure but uh the houses say kind of like this one on the outside we call it just weather boarding.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And that's usually what we called it.
Interviewer:  Where did you hear the other word?
299:  Clapboard?
Interviewer:  Yeah where'd you?
299:  I don't really know probably and uh I've I've heard of these uh you know old houses and I've seen some old houses you know that have fallen down that have these what they called I call clapboard roofs that actually looks like little wooden shingles.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  That's that look lays in layers. A lot of the old houses I've seen falling down have those clapboard roofs I call them.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Okay um say if you were um going to hang up a picture or something you'd say I took the hammer and I what?
299:  Drove the nail I
Interviewer:  Okay and if it didn't get in far enough you say the nails got to be? What in further?
299:  Drove in further is what I'd say. {NW}
Interviewer:  And you'd say say say you you pick up the the hammer and you what the nail in further?
299:  Drive drive the nail in further.
Interviewer:  Okay And um the part that that covers the the top of the house is called the?
299:  Roof
Interviewer:  Okay and the um the little things on the edge of the roof that carry the water off?
299:  Gutters
Interviewer:  Is that built into the house or built into the roof or does that hang or?
299:  Well now this house they're just they're just uh fastened on
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  but uh in in older houses they're not actually they're just wired on sometimes they're just actually just kind of laying at the eaves of the houses and just run down into something you know.
Interviewer:  What about say if you have a house at an L you know up on the roof where the two of them come together you have the?
299:  Oh I guess I'd call it eave of the house I don't know.
Interviewer:  Okay and um what are some of the buildings that you'd have outside on a farm?
299:  Well
Interviewer:  #1 Besides the house #
299:  #2 course # the barn course you have your barn.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh what do you keep in the barn?
299:  Well horses you mean what kind of animals?
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  Horses and of course cows and uh and uh mostly horses and cows because you don't keep hogs in the barn usually then you usually have a hog you might have hog shelters or hog pens. With uh little hog shelters and they stay there. And then you have a crib corn crib.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And then you'd have uh sometimes you'd have wagon sheds. And then we had a wood shed and we had a smoke house and we had a wood shed and we had what we called a wash house. See where mother kept her washing machine. She'd uh course I could still remember I remember when she didn't have even washing machine and she had the rub board and the tubs. And then we had a toilet that's when we didn't we had just an outdoor toilet.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  And
Interviewer:  Did that have any other names? besides outdoor toilet?
299:  Uh a lot of people just say out house the out house. Now but other than that I don't know any just we always called it the toilet. Mm So that's that's all that we actually had.
Interviewer:  Where'd you keep grain?
299:  Um well like corn in the corn field but other than that we didn't actually have any anything much that would be ah so I just said corn in the corn crib and then we didn't have if you had wheat sometimes people used to have wheat houses now one of our neighbors had what they called a wheat house but oh we didn't actually have what we called a wheat house. They actually poured the wheat grain in there.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  But we didn't have one.
Interviewer:  You ever heard of a granary?
299:  I've heard of 'em but I'm not even familiar with them.
Interviewer:  They never had them in this area?
299:  I don't think so uh-uh. It's not even a thing that I am really familiar with.
Interviewer:  Yeah what where did you keep hay?
299:  We kept it in the loft of the barn. See that's the barn had a a loft
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  and uh so we kept hay up in it.
Interviewer:  How was your barn laid out?
299:  Well it had the had the big hallway going through the middle of it with the two big doors that opened and then on each side of that big hallway you had your stables.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  Individual stables and stalls they called them. And they had on one the first room was always your gear room
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  where all the horses' gear and everything was kept and then in all those other stables is where the cows and horses went. Then a you went up a ladder on each side of that hallway up into first it was this lower these lower compartments where they put hay then a upper compartment you put hay. And we actually had one of these hay forks that uh hang in the front of the barn that
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  that the they can unload the hay with that hay fork and carried it up to the barn.
Interviewer:  Do they call both of those you said they had two levels?
299:  Yeah we just all called it the hay loft both of them. Because I don't know why that middle compartment was actually raised higher than the two side ones I don't know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  But actually the two lower part really made the made the the tops of your stables your stables down below see that was actually the roof of your stables. But it was also the floor of that arm. But then this middle section I don't know why it was higher I really don't.
Interviewer:  Just it just goes sort of like this then?
299:  It yeah yeah it did that it it just went like that. You know. And uh you actually had to sort of jump from that top part down to this other loft even. There was a space in there you could have actually fell through down into the the hallway of you know the barn. {NW} So it was kind of dangerous.
Interviewer:  I don't guess anyone ever actually fell through though.
299:  However different ones have fell out however quite a few people have fallen out of lofts and jumping out on rusty nails. That happened a lot.
Interviewer:  Ew.
299:  I knew a girl that jumped out on a rusty nail and she's actually had her leg taken off since. It happened when she's a child
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  It shot up this you know um blood poison whatever.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  First they took her heel off then they took her foot off and then they took her leg off at the knee. Well she kept on it until they taken her leg off from that in appeared from from the time she's a child just stepping on that rusty nail until she was grown. I don't it just never would completely feel right or heal I guess it just she like to died I guess. Cuz a rusty nail around a barn seems one of the most dangerous things.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  Cuz it's got all that tetanus whatever it is you know.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  It's dangerous
Interviewer:  Um say if you had too much hay to put put up in the loft?
299:  You'd put in a hay stack.
Interviewer:  Okay well what did that look like?
299:  Well uh our hay stacks at home was nothing but a big they'd take a big long pole
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  and drive it in the middle in the ground and then they would unload hay around it and build it up until it would actually all be built around this pole.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And it would just be formed just like that just a hay stack and uh that that also do uh now it was wheat stacks we used to have wheat and it would thrash wheat but we always put our wheat in just sacks you know when it thrash and but then your wheat straw also went into these stacks.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And a wheat a wheat stack is a good place to play. It you can slide off that straw it's slick and oh it's fun to play on.
Interviewer:  {NW} Do you ever see any other um you ever see a covered hay stack?
299:  I have seen 'em mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Or something with a roof to it sort of?
299:  No really I haven't.
Interviewer:  What was the covered hay stack like?
299:  No the covered hay stacks I'm familiar with I've seen hay stacks just out in the open like that it would actually have something like a wagon sheet or a covering that they would just fasten down probably through this pole and just let it hang around it. That's about all I am familiar with as far as a being covered you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Do you ever see hay kept out in a field in anything any other construction I'd guess you say besides a hay stack? Do you ever see something with more than one pole you know it just sort of loosely maybe sort of long shaped?
299:  No really I haven't now baled hay we've had course baled hay. But no I haven't really. Uh in fact before course when back from when we used to cut hay you'd haul to the barn before we actually had baled hay we made hay shocks we shocked hay they called it. And what you did you actually put it in these little individual shocks and they'd come along with a wagon and use these pitch forks and loaded it on the the wagon right there. But first they'd rake it with a the mule you'd say. And then we would have to shock it they called it into little individual shocks.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  Then they'd haul it to the barn.
Interviewer:  I see. Um you mentioned you had cows did you ever um have any special places for keeping the cows maybe a fenced in place to
299:  We took
Interviewer:  milk them in or?
299:  We just called it the lot in other words you had your barn and then then around the barn it is always fenced in and that fenced in place is called the lot.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  Course a lot of people would say the barnyard or something like that but we didn't we'd always just called it the lot.
Interviewer:  Is it did you ever have any where did you milk them? Say
299:  Well mother used to milk them in this uh either in this hallway of the barn or in these little individual stalls. You know these little she {X} down for the front of each individual stables.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And and milk 'em and then run them back out into the pasture or back out in to the lot. Where ever they's gonna stay. And uh but she always milks there in the hallway of the barn.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm You ever hear of a a cow pen or a milk gap or any sort of small fenced in area? That you might
299:  I've heard of the milk gap but just heard of it I don't I'm not familiar with it.
Interviewer:  Okay um and where'd you where did people used to keep their milk and butter? Before they had refrigerators have you ever?
299:  Well mother kept hers in the cellar uh-huh we had uh just a cellar underneath the smoke house and it was one of these that uh you've heard of a cellar they had the cellar doors those little slant doors that you raised and actually went down into the cellar. And my grandmother they had a spring. And course my husband's mother they have a spring and they actually kept their butter in the spring and they have what they call a milk box in the spring which was just a little wooden box and they set their milk and their butter in some kind of container down in that box to keep it from floating away. But all we ever had was a cellar.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And we usually had to keep tubs of water in the cellar and keep the milk in the sitting in that water.
Interviewer:  You get water from the spring or something?
299:  Well we had just a cistern we didn't have a spring so that's all we had was just a cistern. So it wasn't actually very cold we thought it was cause we didn't know what cold was. And so that that was the only thing and we we didn't even have an ice box until you know I mean well these old ice boxes where you actually put the big blocks of ice in it until uh finally we got electricity when I was oh I was a pretty good size and got a refrigerator then.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  But up until that we kept it in the cellar.
Interviewer:  What about um what about a place now where where they might have milked cows and and a big farm where they have nothing but these cows?
299:  Like dairies or something?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh Did you ever hear that word um dairy used for anything to refer to anything besides this farm?
299:  No not really. No I guess I haven't
Interviewer:  Okay um where would you let your animals out to graze?
299:  In the pasture.
Interviewer:  Did you was this was fenced in?
299:  Mm-hmm you ours was yeah.
Interviewer:  Uh huh do I guess this would be before your time but um a long time ago you know when they didn't have um laws that said
299:  Yeah
Interviewer:  you had to?
299:  That's right the no fence laws.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh do you know where where you'd let them out then?
299:  No I don't
Interviewer:  I mean would you call that the pasture?
299:  Well they really grazed on the open range maybe I don't know. They called it a I don't know.
Interviewer:  Okay um and you know when what do you say when you do when you you take a hoe and and get the grass out between the?
299:  Well we always called it we hoed the corn but now most people say we chopped corn we chopped at the corn or looked at. We never did call it chopping corn well we called it hoeing corn.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh What about cotton?
299:  Well see we never did have cotton here. But most people say chop cotton.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  But uh we never did have cotton.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And actually there's a difference in chopping at corn and this hoeing corn really in a way.
Interviewer:  What's that?
299:  Chopping when you chop that corn you just chop the weeds out but when you actually hoe something you you may rake the dirt to the corn you know.
Interviewer:  I see
299:  But uh we always just said we hoed corn
Interviewer:  Okay um corn would grow in a what?
299:  A little you mean
Interviewer:  Yeah what what would you call?
299:  A corn field really
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  just a field. Or a new ground course.
Interviewer:  What's new ground?
299:  It's just uh cleared land that's never been used before. Where you've actually gone out and cut the trees and bushes out and and we had lots of those too. And then raise corn for the first time in what you call new ground. But uh well you just called it the corn field or the corn patch I guess.
Interviewer:  Corn patch?
299:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Is that the same is the patch the same as a field?
299:  Well the patch is usually a smaller place.
Interviewer:  What sort of things grew in a patch?
299:  Well uh we always had potato patch and we said tobacco patch cause you usually had a small patch of tobacco and uh pea patch
Interviewer:  Uh-huh did you have turnips?
299:  Turnip patch yeah patch that's that's all I can think of right now.
Interviewer:  Okay um and kinds of fences that that you might have?
299:  Well you have the barbed wire
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  barbed wire fences or the rail fences.
Interviewer:  What what did the rail fence look like?
299:  Well it was made out of wood and uh we actually had one of those when I was growing up but we don't have any more.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  But they just they just long rails of wood and they're stacked and then criss crossed.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And uh they did have three or four uh rails to to a section. Cross 'em and just that and continue on till you'd make your fence.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear different types of rail fences?
299:  I'm not familiar with them see just that one we had and that's all that I know.
Interviewer:  You ever heard of uh a worm rail fence or
299:  No I haven't
Interviewer:  straight rail fence or?
299:  I've heard of straight rails but I've never heard of worm rails.
Interviewer:  Okay um and say if you were going to put up a barbed wire fence you'd you say you'd have to dig holes for the?
299:  Posts
Interviewer:  Okay and um so you'd so you say you you'd dig the hole and then you'd set the?
299:  You'd set the post in it.
Interviewer:  Okay um and what about a kind of uh a fence that you might have around a garden?
299:  Well
Interviewer:  Or your yard.
299:  You mean like a picket fence or?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh what what's a picket fence like?
299:  Well a picket fence is it's made out of wood and has those uh pickets which it's just individual planks with a pointed top.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And we never did have one of those either but I've seen it.
Interviewer:  You ever seen um anything else similar to that or any other name for that?
299:  No I really haven't. Now we've had plank fences but we did ours is what you call plank plus times where you would uh you'd have your post and then you'd just take uh two planks maybe or sometimes three planks and drive a plank running from this post to this one. And you'd do three rows of them and continue on like that. We had them sometimes around our backyard or around the orchard or something like that.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of paling fence or slat fence or?
299:  I've heard of paling fences but I'm not familiar with them.
Interviewer:  Okay um and what about a you ever heard of gathering some rocks or stone from I guess the from a field?
299:  We'll pick up rocks we'd pick up rocks.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh Did you ever hear of making a a fence or wall out of them?
299:  Yeah I've seen 'em but we never but we didn't actually make a fence ourselves. But yeah I've seen them these rock walls. A lot of people used to use that quite a bit and use the gravel or something that made that concrete and mix it in and make those rock fences. I've seen them built. We didn't have one.
Interviewer:  Okay um say if you had a really good set of dishes chances are they'd be made out of?
299:  China
Interviewer:  Okay do you ever see an egg made out of this?
299:  Uh no
Interviewer:  What what would you call that?
299:  A egg made out of china?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh {C: Overlaid}
299:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Uh I mean say say if um you know put in a hen's nest to make
299:  Oh {NW} yeah a egg. We called them {C: Overlaid} Now we didn't have a fake egg or a we called 'em now we didn't have china eggs but we had uh egg semblance we called it
Interviewer:  {D: Simlines?}
299:  {D: Simlines} and I think what it was they were gourds. They were little gourds. And we called them egg {D: simlines} but I since I got old enough to know I think what we was really meaning they were {D: simlines} they looked similar to eggs.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  But old people call them egg {D: simlines} and they were little gourds in the shape of eggs.
Interviewer:  Huh
299:  And they put them in the hens nest to make them set or or their setting egg as they call it.
Interviewer:  Yeah What did you used to carry water in?
299:  Well uh we just called it a bucket now somebody people say pails.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  But we just used a bucket water bucket.
Interviewer:  What about what did you milk in?
299:  Just we called it milk buckets
Interviewer:  Was it made out of metal or?
299:  Yeah uh mother usually used these they called them these flat tin buckets they were yeah they were metal buckets. Flat buckets
Interviewer:  Do you ever see anything slightly different that people used to to milk in maybe something that had a handle to it or?
299:  A stewer now mother would milk in a stewer sometimes and then pour it in her bucket.
Interviewer:  What's a stewer?
299:  Well it's actually a a pot like you cook in
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  we called them stewers.
Interviewer:  I I sort of I heard that before and I was sort of picturing a pot but I didn't know.
299:  They're just these what you'd cook in nowadays with a handle a long handle there just a pot that you'd cook in. But we called them stewers.
Interviewer:  I see. And what about something that you might keep in the kitchen that throws scraps in for the pigs?
299:  Slop bucket
Interviewer:  Okay um and what is what sort of things do you use to cook in? Or did you use to cook in?
299:  Well uh course these skillet black iron skillets and those uh we had um the we called it the pot but it was one of those black iron pots. And uh bakers they're these little black the skillets that don't have any sides to it like you uh cook hoe cakes on or cornbread. And uh course just stewers and pots. That's all I know.
Interviewer:  What's a hoe cake made out of?
299:  Uh just corn meal and uh well you can make it out of corn meal and uh hot water. Or you can make them out of cornmeal and buttermilk. And fry them.
Interviewer:  Do you ever see anything um that had little legs on it? Thing that that
299:  Oh sort of like a skillet?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh with legs on it.
299:  Well now they make these little skillets with the handles that have legs but mother mother's uh she called it her pot like she cooked boiled everything in it. It was one of these black iron pots and it had three little legs {C: Overlaid} and on it and uh and that's all she had with the three legs on it. But her cooking pot the one of those big old black cast iron pots it had three little legs.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  And uh you could either set it up on those legs on top of these wood stoves or you what she used it most of the time she takes these what you call the caps out of that black iron stove you know we they got these little uh where electric stove has burners they have caps they call it.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  And you take one of those out and the pot actually fits down in there.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  And that's the way she cooked with her pot most of the time and she also has the black cast iron tea kettle. That she still uses and she keeps it setting down on the on one of those caps some times. She just takes the cap out of the stove and it fits down in the stove.
Interviewer:  Do you have any of those things yourself?
299:  I don't have any. But now my sister in law she collects that type of stuff you know. But uh I don't have uh one of those black iron any of that black iron stuff except the skillets I have the black iron skillet. But you know it's really a collectors item nowadays.
Interviewer:  Oh yeah
299:  And mother's still cooking in hers.
Interviewer:  {NW} Um what might you put flowers in?
299:  Well just flower pots or
Interviewer:  Is that growing flowers or?
299:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  What about if if they're cut?
299:  Vases
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if you're setting the table and you'd put out a plate and then you'd give everyone a what?
299:  Knife and a fork and a spoon.
Interviewer:  Okay and say if you serve steak and it wasn't very tender you'd have to put out?
299:  Steak knife
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Steak knife
Interviewer:  Okay what and you put out several of these you know you'd say you'd have several steak?
299:  Knives
Interviewer:  Okay and um say after you've cleared the table and put the food away then the next thing you have to do is?
299:  Uh wash the dishes.
Interviewer:  Okay and what do you call that cloth or rag you use when you're washing the dishes?
299:  Uh see I'd say a dish rag.
Interviewer:  Okay and what about when you are drying them?
299:  I call it a drying rag
Interviewer:  Okay and the thing that you um use to bathe your face with
299:  I call it a wash rag. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay and then you dry yourself off with a?
299:  Towel
Interviewer:  Okay and you say um after she washes the dishes then she runs clear water over them and she?
299:  Rinses them
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if you wanted to to get some water you'd go to the sink and you'd turn on the?
299:  Faucet
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  The faucet
Interviewer:  Okay and um what about something similar to that that you might have in the yard to hook your hose up to?
299:  Well uh I'd say uh outside faucet now some people say spicket.
Interviewer:  Okay um what about um something that that flour used to come in? A long time ago they used a big
299:  A flour barrels.
Interviewer:  Okay um and what about molasses? What did that come in?
299:  You mean? Well course we always had it usually in buckets when I was when we bought it at home molasses bucket.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear another expression used say if you had about six six gallons you'd call that a?
299:  A stand of molasses from we we had enlarged stands or something we called them stands of molasses.
Interviewer:  Okay um okay and on a barrel you know say if you had a um something that say if you had a a barrel used for water and you had something on there that you could um turn to get the water.
299:  Well just like in my granddaddy's store uh he had a vinegar barrel when I was a child. That's why everyone that came to the store to get vinegar is that what you're talkin about? They would bring their own jug and he would uh {C: Overlaid} well I called it a little old pump.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  Uh well it was kind of a little old pump {C: Phone ring} and he pumped the vinegar {NS}
Interviewer:  Did you ever have something that on a barrel though that you could turn down at the bottom to let the water run out or vinegar run out? Something similar to a faucet.
299:  Oh well off hand I can't even think of what you'd call but back I can remember when uh men that worked in the field had these little there were little small barrels water barrels they called it and they had a little uh they had a little just a little piece of cork in a hole that uh but I don't know what they'd call it.
Interviewer:  Okay um you'd say it was so cold last night that the water pipes?
299:  Froze
Interviewer:  And what?
299:  Well I'd say busted if I was at home {NW} but really no this is why usually when I'm here I always say they busted.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  But really you know if I was at work or somewhere I'd they bursted. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay and you say um if you stuck a pen in a ballon it would?
299:  Bu- ah see at home I'd say bust [NW}
Interviewer:  Okay
299:  but really burst. {C: Overlaid}
Interviewer:  And you say um so you say is um you turn on the water and nothing comes out of the faucet you'd say the water pipes must have?
299:  Busted
Interviewer:  Okay
299:  Well really the that's what I find myself doing cuz I grew up saying one thing but you know a lot of things I know the difference.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  Only there's one word that I've that I've always said that we always said that a I didn't actually know that it wasn't right until I people begin to laugh at me. {C: Overlaid} And that's when if you see a snake
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  I'll say it was cwailed up. Have you ever heard anybody say that? It's just saying it was coiled up
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  or it was curled up. I'd say well it was all cwailed up. And see I didn't really realize the word wasn't even a word until people begin to laugh at me when I said it.
Interviewer:  Well sure it's a word if people around here use it. {NW}
299:  So that's some of my words that's where they are.
Interviewer:  Never heard that one.
299:  That's what we've always said but it really means coiled you see but we said cwailed. And I said it one day at work and this man laughed and he says I've heard one other person say that word and I got so tickled when I heard her say it. Said was she talking about seeing a snake? And she said it was all she said he said I can't think of the word she used and I said cwailed? He said that's it I said that's what I've always said. {NW}
Interviewer:  That's interesting I've never heard that but um say if you wanted to pour something into say a something like a coke bottle that had a real narrow mouth you'd use a?
299:  Funnel
Interviewer:  Hm?
299:  Funnel
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if you were uh driving horses and you wanted to to go faster you'd hit him with a?
299:  Uh well a whip is what we always had at home. One of these whips.
Interviewer:  Do you use the same thing on on mules?
299:  We did
Interviewer:  Whip?
299:  We just had a a we called it a wagon whip.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay #
299:  #2 It was just a long # had a long handle and a big long lash thing on it and that's we just had the one.
Interviewer:  What What different animals did you have work animals? What different work animals did you have?
299:  Well a growing when I was growing up we had a pair of mules and we had a then we also at different times had a maybe a horse a a riding horse or a mare.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And then we had a at one time we had a jenny.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And a little cart to go with it. And uh but I guess that's all the work animals.
Interviewer:  Did you ever see any work animals similar to um I guess similar to bulls?
299:  Oxen The a they used to have oxen but I've never seen one.
Interviewer:  Have you ever seen them work or heard about them what you'd call them working together?
299:  A team of oxen.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  Now I just read about 'em see this is all I'm familiar with.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  The yoke of oxen the team of oxen. I've never even seen any. That that is beyond my time a bit. {NW}
Interviewer:  Say if you bought some apples or something at the store the grocer would put them in a?
299:  Sack I'd say
Interviewer:  Okay what would it be made out of?
299:  Well course nowadays it would be a a paper sack but now I can remember when they were these a burlap sacks or bra- uh grass sacks or something.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What is there any other name for burlap sack?
299:  Well some people might say grass sack I don't know.
Interviewer:  What what did feed used to come in?
299:  Well usually those burlap sacks.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh have you ever heard that called tow sack or gunny sack?
299:  Oh yeah tow sacks we always called them tow sacks um {C: Overlaid} is what we always called them but I didn't even think about that.
Interviewer:  What did what did potatoes what would they come in what would they be shipped in?
299:  Well those tow sacks really.
Interviewer:  Okay And um say what if you bought about fifty pounds of flour what would that come in?
299:  Well uh it used to come in those cloth sacks.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  But I don't know what just what you'd call them. Flour sack
Interviewer:  Yeah um and say if you were going to take some some corn to the mill to be ground what would you call the the amount you would take at one time?
299:  Like a peck of mill a peck of
Interviewer:  Uh-huh #1 but would you have #
299:  #2 A bush #
Interviewer:  would you have a an expression you'd use not referring to the exact quantity but do you ever say I'm gonna take a something of corn to the mill?
299:  No really I took it. We have when I was growing up we did my daddy grandad had the grocery store also had the mill.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  And I've actually taken corn to the mill. In fact I rode the jenny one time mother was out of meal and the men were all at work and you see so she just got a sack of uh corn
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  and uh she was going to put me and the corn on the jenny to ride to the mill cause it's about a mile and she was gonna walk along beside. And we like never got up there but when we got the meal ground the corn ground got the mill well she put me and the meal back on the jenny and the jenny was so stubborn and the type that didn't want to go to the store but he knew the way back home.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  So he ran all the way back home and we left her a long ways behind. But I don't know what you'd call the amount.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of a turn?
299:  Turn I've heard of it but never did say it that's what the older people said.
Interviewer:  What's that?
299:  Turn of corn or
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  I've heard it but I would I never did say it myself.
Interviewer:  Yeah um what would you call the amount of wood that you can carry in both your arms? You'd say you had a?
299:  I just say a load.
Interviewer:  Yeah um or but say it's it's all you can carry in both your arms you'd say you have an arm what?
299:  Arm load of wood.
Interviewer:  Okay um and um say say someone had a a wagon and his wagon was half full of wood you'd say he had a what of wood?
299:  I'd stil say he had a load of wood.
Interviewer:  Yeah do you ever hear jag?
299:  Yeah I have a jag of wood. I've heard of it yeah.
Interviewer:  Does did it refer to?
299:  Any particular amount no it didn't just meant a it was just some wood.
Interviewer:  Okay um say if the lamp on the porch wasn't burning you'd tell someone to screw in a new what?
299:  Bulb
Interviewer:  Okay and um if you were carrying the wash out to hang it on the line you might carry it out in a clothes?
299:  Basket or
Interviewer:  Okay and um what did nails come in?
299:  Nail kegs {NW} kegs Yeah I remember when they did
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  nail kegs. {C: Overlaid}
Interviewer:  You know um in a in a barrel or I I don't know if a keg or kag would have this but in a barrel you have something that would run around it to hold the wood in place?
299:  Yeah uh
Interviewer:  It would hold the staves in place.
299:  Mm-hmm.
299:  But I can't think of what they were called they were I don't know what they were called.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear start some a word starting with an h?
299:  Hoop
Interviewer:  Uh-huh does that sound?
299:  It sounds like it might be a hoop
Interviewer:  Okay um and suppose you opened a filled up a bottle and um and you'd want to stick something in it so that the liquid wouldn't come out?
299:  Stick a cork in it.
Interviewer:  Okay um what would the cork be made of?
299:  Cork
Interviewer:  Have you you'd never um have you ever seen anything made of of glass? #1 Maybe that you stick down there. #
299:  #2 Yeah # A glass in other words a well sorta like a
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  like that one up there.
Interviewer:  Would you call that a #1 a cork too? #
299:  #2 a cork #
Interviewer:  I mean even if it was made of glass?
299:  You know I don't know what I'd call it really. I don't. {C: Overlaid}
Interviewer:  What you're familiar with is just a
299:  #1 Just a stopper #
Interviewer:  #2 A thing that's made of #
299:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
299:  It's just a bottle stopper in other words.
Interviewer:  Okay um {C: Overlaid} do you know of a a musical instrument that you'd.
299:  French harp or harmonica
Interviewer:  Okay what about something that goes like this?
299:  Uh Jew's harp are they Jew's harps?
Interviewer:  Okay Do you ever remember?
299:  Just seen a well pictures of them.
Interviewer:  Yeah um something that you'd pound nails with would be a?
299:  Hammer
Interviewer:  Okay and um if you had a wagon and two horses {C: overlaid} you know that long wooden piece that comes between the two horses?
299:  The tongue
Interviewer:  Okay and a horse and a buggy you'd when you're gonna hitch him up you'd back him in between the?
299:  The staves
Interviewer:  Okay
299:  Staves
Interviewer:  Do do you remember having horses?
299:  Uh yeah actually a I'm not real familiar with buggies but I have seen a few and we did have that little cart you know that I said we had the jenny and the cart and it was it was sorta like a buggy that it had these two uh staves is all I can think of. And you backed that jenny between those to harness him up. {C: overlaid} {NW} So I've I've kinda familiar with it a little bit.
Interviewer:  Yeah did mainly just the children have the jenny?
299:  Yeah my brother bought him for about twenty five dollars it was his jenny. And he was stubborn as a as a mule.
Interviewer:  {NW}
299:  So it was mostly to a play thing kinda.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  And uh we would ride him and anytime anybody came any neighbors came they wanted to ride the thing which we'd get tired of cause he was stubborn. And just as soon as you'd get on him to ride him he would head for the clothes line. And then he'd run under the clothes line he'd just nearly strangle your neck. He was mean. He was.
Interviewer:  Um you know on a wagon wheel starting with the inside you know you have the hub then?
299:  The spokes
Interviewer:  Okay and then the spokes fit into the what?
299:  The rim
Interviewer:  Okay and then what does the rim is the rim the part that touches the ground or do you have something over the rim or?
299:  Well there's a wooden there's see there's a wooden piece and then it goes around like that and then it's actually covered with a a steel rim. And then it the outside rim it's it's a steel piece.
Interviewer:  You call both parts the rim then?
299:  Ah that's all I can I know just the rims.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of a fa felly or feller?
299:  No
Interviewer:  When talking about wagon wheels
299:  No not familiar with that.
Interviewer:  Let's see it's something that the spokes fit into something I'm not.
299:  I really don't nothing comes to my mind really that I can think of.
Interviewer:  Yeah okay um say if you have a a horse hitched to a wagon the the thing that the traces are hooked on to is the?
299:  The singletree
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and if you have two horses
299:  Double
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  It's a doubletree.
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if if there was a a tree limb in the road um and it was too big for you to to carry off you'd say well I just took a took hold of it and I?
299:  Pulled it out of the road.
Interviewer:  Okay or another word instead of pull?
299:  You could say you carried it out of the road or moved it out of the road.
Interviewer:  Okay um what do you what's the first thing you you use in the field when you're getting ready to to plant?
299:  Plow
Interviewer:  Uh-huh what different types of plows are there?
299:  Well course when I was a child I would we actually used the uh turning plow.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  To turn I guess that's the first they use the turning plow to break the ground which was pulled by mules. And then they used a {C: overlaid} uh a smaller plow which I can't think of what it was called. It was just a little single plow and uh and then they had a oh a the harrow the called it which harrowed the ground that had forks like this that run through the ground after that. And then they had a I can't think of what it was called something that it was like a board or a log of a thing that you pulled over the ground to smooth it down. But that's all I.
Interviewer:  Okay um have you I don't have you ever heard of a rastus plow?
299:  No I haven't.
Interviewer:  I ran across that word somewhere and I
299:  Well no I'm not familiar with it. {C: overlaid} course you might you might run into anything that I haven't heard of. {C: overlaid}
Interviewer:  Okay um the thing that the wheels of the wagon fit into the thing that goes across you know is called a?
299:  Oh the you mean the thing that runs under the wagon that a axle.
Interviewer:  Okay um and suppose you were going to um chop some wood or saw some wood you might use a a frame maybe an X shaped frame that you'd lay the wood in?
299:  Yeah {C: overlaid} oh that we used them all the time {C: overlaid} {X} off hand I can't think of what's the word just a rack you know. #1 I don't know if we #
Interviewer:  #2 Ever heard saw? #
299:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # Saw buck or saw horse or wood rack or?
299:  Well uh no none of the names are real just familiar but we had 'em we even had the plans made out at the wood pile and actually laid the log in it and I actually had to sit on the log while they would my brothers would saw with this uh this uh double saw you know double
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  one on each end. And I've actually sat on the thing the wood while it's in those wood racks but uh what's this called we didn't call them anything.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  Saw racks or something.
Interviewer:  Do you ever see a sorta of A shaped frame you have to it'd have a board going across it and of course you'd you'd have to use two of these?
299:  Horses
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  We called them horses.
Interviewer:  Okay and um you'd say you'd straighten your your hair with a comb and a?
299:  Brush
Interviewer:  Okay and if you were going to use one of these you'd say you were going to what your hair?
299:  Brush your hair
Interviewer:  Okay and um you'd sharpen a straight razor on a leather?
299:  Strap
Interviewer:  Okay and what do you put in a pistol?
299:  Bullets
Interviewer:  Okay but um say in in a shot gun you'd use shells then in a rifle or pistol you might use?
299:  Bullets
Interviewer:  Okay I'm thinking just say or you you'd talk about a a box of twenty two
299:  Shot
Interviewer:  Uh-huh what about the word car-?
299:  Cartridge cartridges I couldn't say it. Cartridges. I couldn't say it so I just wouldn't say it. That's right rifle cart cartridges.
Interviewer:  Okay um what are some things that that a children might play on? That children might play on maybe say something that's you take
299:  Seesaws or uh you mean like a a play things outside? {C: overlaid} Well seesaws or merry go rounds or a
Interviewer:  Would you have another name for merry go round?
299:  Spinning jenny or we used to call them.
Interviewer:  Okay
299:  I think we
Interviewer:  If um you saw some some children playing on the thing that like this you say that they were?
299:  Seesawing
Interviewer:  Okay and um did you ever see a taking taking a um limber plank and fixing it at both ends and children would jump on it?
299:  No I'm not familiar with that.
Interviewer:  You ever heard of a bouncing board or joggling board?
299:  No I haven't.
Interviewer:  Okay and you say you take a a long rope and a {C: overlaid} tie it to a tree limb and put a seat on it and you'd have a?
299:  Swing
Interviewer:  Okay what did you carry coal in?
299:  Well uh scuttle I guess but we never did have coal so I wasn't very familiar with coal.
Interviewer:  Okay and um on a a stove the thing that runs from the stove up to the chimney?
299:  Stove pipe
Interviewer:  Okay and then the stove pipe fits into the?
299:  Flue
Interviewer:  Okay and um the thing that you'd you'd use say if you were going to carry some bricks somewhere you'd put them in a? This thing that has this one little wheel at the front and two handles to it.
299:  Wheelbarrow
Interviewer:  Okay um and what would you use to sharpen your tools on?
299:  Oh one of those uh oh grist one of those uh well it's a wheel it's a stone wheel. It's not a grist wheel is it?
Interviewer:  I don't know
299:  I don't either it's I'm just thinking one of those stone looking wheels that you turn and fire flies from it when you sharpen things. But I'm not sure what you call it
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard it called grind? Grind?
299:  Grinding I'm just thinking grist wheel but I don't know.
Interviewer:  Oh so the big thing that you might use?
299:  Yeah just a big it's a big a stone wheel
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  and it's kind of uh I don't know what kind of stone it is but you turn it and you put your tool on it and it will sharpen.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  Grist wheel is all I can think of Grist wheel or grist wheel.
Interviewer:  Do you ever see anything um smaller that you'd hold in your hand and sharpen maybe a knife?
299:  Yeah these little uh whet rocks we call them. Yeah
Interviewer:  Okay um and uh what we use for transportation now you'd call a?
299:  A car
Interviewer:  Okay any other names?
299:  Automobile or uh
Interviewer:  {X} Okay um say if we were talking about um the thing that that you drive around.
299:  When we quit yesterday. Well I just had said a car or an automobile or I guess a vehicle is all I can think of right now.
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if something was squeaking and you wanted to lubricate it um what might you put on it?
299:  Well oil oil I'd say
Interviewer:  Okay or that that hard solid stuff?
299:  Oh Beeswax
Interviewer:  Okay what else? Say what what do you have to do to a car?
299:  Grease it
Interviewer:  Okay so you say um yesterday he what his car? Yesterday he
299:  Greased his car.
Interviewer:  Okay and you say grease got all over your hands you'd say your hands were all?
299:  Greasy
Interviewer:  Okay and um what did you used to burn in lamps?
299:  Oil
Interviewer:  Do you remember those lamps
299:  We had 'em yes uh huh we did. Until we got electricity yeah I very well remember studying by them.
Interviewer:  Do you ever um {Overlaid} remember making the lamp? {overlaid}
299:  No we actually never did uh but now you know we I've studied and read books you know when they did make them. Candles out of the {C: tape overlaid} wax or perfume or color or something they used. But we never did actually make any.
Interviewer:  Yeah Did you ever hear of um a grease lamp or rag lamp or something? {overlaid}
299:  I've heard of them you just put a make a a rag wick
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  put it in and I think they used lard a lot of times. And then after it gets cold you see. And I've also heard of a potato lamp.
Interviewer:  #1 Potato lamp? #
299:  #2 Take # take an Irish potato and put a hole in it and put a rag wick in it
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  and then uh burn it. Somewhere I don't know I've just heard of 'em.
Interviewer:  What did you call that other kind you'd heard of the kind with the lard?
299:  I really I don't know mm as far as knowing I just heard of 'em but we didn't call them anything cause I'm not familiar with them. So I don't know much about them.
Interviewer:  Okay um the the inside the tire of the car you'd have the?
299:  Rim
Interviewer:  Yeah or the inner?
299:  {C: tape overlaid} {C: tape overlaid} hub
Interviewer:  Yeah the inside well actually the entire
299:  The inner tube
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  The inner tube?
Interviewer:  Okay and um say someone has just built a boat and they were gonna put it in the water {overlaid} for the first time you'd say that they were going to?
299:  I'd say try it out.
Interviewer:  Okay um or another word meaning that well you say they were going to what the boat?
299:  Test it.
Interviewer:  Okay um what sort of boat might you use to go fishing in? {Overlaid}
299:  Oh a canoe probably.
Interviewer:  What's that like?
299:  Well it's just a oh I've heard 'em talking about 'em and they {C: tape overlaid} may call them something else but they're are just a little shallow {NS} just a little shallow boat. I don't
Interviewer:  Is that I what I pictured as a canoe is was beginning to occur to me that what I was picturing as a canoe is not what {overlaid} you're referring to. I was thinking that sorta Indian type canoe.
299:  Uh huh that's what I'm thinking of but now they have a little fishing boat and I've heard them call them something else and I can't remember what it is but it's it's just a little shallow boat. It resembles a canoe and they it's got a name but what I don't because I'm not that familiar with boats. And uh
Interviewer:  Is it but the people call that um other types of things that were canoe {overlaid} or anything besides just that sort of Indian type canoe?
299:  I don't really think so as far as I know they don't.
Interviewer:  Yeah okay um say if a if a child was just learning to dress himself the mother might bring them the clothes and tell them here? {overlaid}
299:  Put on your clothes.
Interviewer:  Okay or tell them here your clothes here?
299:  Here are your clothes.
Interviewer:  Okay and um if a women wanted to buy a dress a certain color she'd take along a little square cloth to use as a?
299:  Sample
Interviewer:  Okay and if she sees a dress she likes very much and its very becoming on her she's say that that's very?
299:  Pretty dress
Interviewer:  #1 Okay #
299:  #2 is what I'd #
Interviewer:  and um a child might say well Suzie's dress is pretty but mine is even?
299:  Prettiest
Interviewer:  Okay and um what might you wear over your dress in the kitchen?
299:  Apron
Interviewer:  Okay and to sign your name in ink you'd use a?
299:  Pen
Interviewer:  Okay and to hold a baby's diaper in place?
299:  A pin {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay and the soup that you buy usually comes in a?
299:  Can
Interviewer:  Okay made out of what? What kind of metal?
299:  I just say a tin can.
Interviewer:  Okay and a dime is worth? {C: tape overlaid} A dime
299:  Is worth? {C: tape overlaid} a dime {NW} I don't know.
Interviewer:  Oh you know I mean like a?
299:  Ten cents
Interviewer:  Okay
299:  Oh
Interviewer:  Um and say if a man were going to go to church on Sunday um what would he probably wear?
299:  His suit
Interviewer:  Okay and what what would the suit consist of?
299:  Well um just pants and jacket.
Interviewer:  What which part is the jacket? You mean the
299:  The coat
Interviewer:  Did you ever what did um
299:  Well some suits have vests we call them.
Interviewer:  Okay
299:  I've but the older suits and maybe they're making some of them now but we call them vests.
Interviewer:  Did you ever use that word jacket to mean the same as vest or?
299:  No I don't I never did I usually I just use- say coat or jacket.
Interviewer:  Okay um and if a if a man had an important interview you know and his clothes weren't in very good shape he'd might go out and buy a?
299:  A new suit.
Interviewer:  Okay and um okay you said that that the coat consists of the suit consists of the coat and possibly the vest and the?
299:  {Overlaid} Pants
Interviewer:  Uh huh is there any other um name you use besides pants?
299:  Or trousers but I never say it {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay anything else you've heard?
299:  Slacks that's about it.
Interviewer:  Okay do you ever hear britches?
299:  Yeah britches I I say britches yeah {NW} that's right.
Interviewer:  Does the mean the same thing as I mean would you talk about britches in a suit or?
299:  Well uh I usually refer to britches as just men's pants in general really. It could be just work work pants or any type of pants.
Interviewer:  Okay and um what what might a man wear to say if he were working around the barn?
299:  Overalls
Interviewer:  Okay
299:  My daddy still wears those. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay say if if you went outside in the winter without your coat and you wanted it you might say tell someone um would you go inside and what me my coat?
299:  Bring me my coat.
Interviewer:  Okay and say you say so the person went inside and?
299:  Brought my coat.
Interviewer:  Okay and he'd say to you here I have what your?
299:  Brought your coat.
Interviewer:  Okay um you say that coat won't fit this year but last year it what perfectly?
299:  It fit.
Interviewer:  Okay and if you stuff a lot of things in your pocket it makes them?
299:  Bulge
Interviewer:  Okay and um you say that that shirt used to fit me fine until I washed it and it?
299:  Shrunk
Interviewer:  Okay and you say it seems like every shirt I've washed recently has?
299:  Shrunk
Interviewer:  Okay and I hope this new shirt won't?
299:  Shrink
Interviewer:  Okay um if a woman liked to put on good clothes and spend a lot of time in front of the mirror and so forth you'd say she likes to?
299:  Primp {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay any other expressions like that? {C: tape overlaid}
299:  I c- can't think of any right.
Interviewer:  Would you say that about a man?
299:  I do
Interviewer:  A man who primps?
299:  That's right
Interviewer:  Okay um and something that you might carry money in would be a?
299:  Oh well {C: tape overlaid} some people say purse but I usually say pocket book.
Interviewer:  Do you mean is this something that women have or or is this?
299:  Oh I refer to the pocket book as just the the large pocket book now uh course a billfold really it be what you'd carry the actual money in maybe or a change purse.
Interviewer:  Okay and uh something that a woman might wear around her wrist?
299:  Watch
Interviewer:  Okay oh a?
299:  Bracelet
Interviewer:  Okay and suppose you got a lot of little things strung together and you wore it around your neck you'd call that a?
299:  Necklace
Interviewer:  Okay but these things strung together?
299:  Beads
Interviewer:  Okay you call that a what of beads?
299:  String of beads
Interviewer:  Okay and um what did men used to use to hold up their pants?
299:  Suspenders
Interviewer:  Okay any other name for that? {Overlaid}
299:  I can't think of one.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of gal-?
299:  Galluses yes mm-hmm galluses.
Interviewer:  Is that a more old fashioned name or who who used to say that? {overlaid}
299:  Well I've heard mother talk about galluses {NW} pants having galluses on them and she even made galluses for our skirts sometimes when we couldn't keep them up. {NW} So uh yeah I've heard of them called galluses quite a bit. {C: overlaid}
Interviewer:  Um what would you hold over you when it rained?
299:  Well a umbrella but we used to call it a parasol.
Interviewer:  Is that the same thing exactly?
299:  It it might not be but I think they are the same thing I don't really know if it is or not.
Interviewer:  Is it that word the reason I ask you it kind of surprises me cause I I never heard the word parasol used you know I'd read it maybe and I always pictured it as something lady like you know?
299:  Uh huh these little fancy ones. {C: overlaid}
Interviewer:  Is that what you pictured or? Oh you say would your father carry a parasol? or
299:  I just never even thought about it cause I think of both but I always say umbrella usually now but usually mother see my mother said parasol quite a bit.
Interviewer:  Just for
299:  For uh just uh any umbrella she just called it parasol. And uh {C: overlaid}
Interviewer:  The last thing that you put on bed?
299:  {C: tape overlaid} Well I say a bedspread #1 but #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
299:  my husband says a counterpane. {NW} Really I've never heard counterpane too much I have read it you know in books and things. {X} But my husband usually says counterpane.
Interviewer:  What do your parents and grandparents say?
299:  They say bedspread. Cause I never had really heard much about counterpane.
Interviewer:  Um and the thing that that you put your head on?
299:  A pillow but or we've got bolsters which is the long pillows that go all across the bed. Mother has 'em I have one and my grandmother has has 'em and uh but either they're pillows or um {X} bolsters I'd say.
Interviewer:  And what might you put on a a bed for warmth? Something old fashioned.
299:  Oh a quilt a quilt
Interviewer:  Okay what what was that like?
299:  Well it's just a a patch {D: some} type of patch work cover I mean it's a you take scraps of uh material sew them together and and then pair them with cotton and line 'em and then {C: overlaid} quilt them. And then it turns out to be a sort of a patch work quilt.
Interviewer:  Did you ever make any of those?
299:  No I haven't but mother has made lots of them and my grandmother made them all the time. And I've got quite a few of them that they gave me. And my younger sister she actually has quilted but I haven't.
Interviewer:  People start trying to collect them and stuff.
299:  Uh huh they are. {NS} You know you can order them now and they are kinda of expensive you know in catalogs. But uh my mother and grandmother and different one's in the family they made them made all that we had.
Interviewer:  Do you ever see them made any other way like maybe tied or something?
299:  Well there is a type of quilt that uh you actually use the square blocks I believe and you pat them and you line them but then you um you actually uh tie a little um wads of thread and then then I think you clip it and it leaves a little fuzzy looking balls all over. And uh
Interviewer:  Is that called anything special?
299:  I don't really know. Cause I'm not familiar with that you know the different types of quilts much.
Interviewer:  Okay um and say if you had a lot of company over and didn't have enough beds in the house for the children you might make a?
299:  Pads
Interviewer:  Okay and um talk about kinds of land now you'd say we expect a big yield from that field this year because the soil is very?
299:  Rich
Interviewer:  Okay any other word you might use to mean rich?
299:  Fertile
Interviewer:  Okay um what different types of soil do you have? Different types of land?
299:  Um I don't even know exactly what uh
Interviewer:  Well do you have names for for different types of soil?
299:  Well you have just like say sandy soil or you have um maybe rocky soil or but that that's all I don't know that much about soil.
Interviewer:  Do you ever heard um well real rich black soil being called anything? {Overlaid}
299:  No I don't I can't think of anything right now.
Interviewer:  Do you ever heard of loon or lune or something like that?
299:  I've heard the word but it's see it's not a word I've heard used very much.
Interviewer:  What um what types of of land are there on say your property like maybe um land along a a stream that's real rich?
299:  You mean uh what types? {C: tape overlaid}
Interviewer:  Well say what what would you call that flat low land along a stream that?
299:  Bottom bottom land
Interviewer:  Okay and um what about a a land that's um might not be good for much of anything besides growing um clover or alfalfa or something like that?
299:  It'd just be like pasture land.
Interviewer:  Okay and what about land thats got water standing in it most of the time?
299:  Swamps I think.
Interviewer:  Okay and if someone were was getting water off the swamps you'd say that they were?
299:  Draining the swamps
Interviewer:  Okay and what would you call the the little things that they cut?
299:  Oh trenches
Interviewer:  Okay and um what about land that say is just wet enough to get your tractor stuck in it? {overlaid}
299:  Well it's just low land you mean.
Interviewer:  I mean would {overlaid} have you ever heard of um crawfish land? Have you ever heard
299:  I've heard of crawfish but actually not crawfish {D: land} I've never heard it referred to like that.
Interviewer:  I just heard it uh a couple weeks ago.
299:  I haven't heard. Now see I- I've heard of crawfish but I've never heard land called crawfish land.
Interviewer:  It's supposed to be the someone said it was {overlaid} is wet land {overlaid} the swamp.
299:  Uh huh well I'm not familiar with that. Maybe there that was like their land like uh we always had some land we called the rocky bottom. We had it on our farm we had a field that over the hill from the house and it was we referred to it as the rocky bottom. And daddy we had corn in it we raised corn and it was next to a stream but it was rocks continually you could never get the rocks out of it.
Interviewer:  Huh
299:  And uh when you hoed {C: tape overlaid} you just continued to hit them rocks. And that was the name of it the rocky bottom. So uh maybe that's why they're crawfish land.
Interviewer:  Well it seemed there were crawfish in the land. Um what would you call a well what are um some of the names of of flowing the flowing water around here?
299:  Well we called them creeks see you some people would say streams or branches but we always called everything a creek that wasn't a lake {NW} or a river. We we always say creeks.
Interviewer:  Is there something anything smaller than a creek? Would you have another name or?
299:  Um I think a stream is being smaller than a creek.
Interviewer:  #1 What about #
299:  #2 Or a branch # or just a branch. You've heard of d- uh there's dry branches and uh that just run when uh when it rains or they they don't have water all the time.
Interviewer:  Is there anything {Overlaid} between the size of a creek and a river?
299:  Uh well to me in my mind I think of a creek as just a small small and a river is larger.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm you don't think of anything in between?
299:  Oh uh in between a creek and a river? I don't. {Overlaid}
Interviewer:  Okay what are all the names of some of the creeks around here?
299:  Round here?
Interviewer:  Or branches or whatever.
299:  Well I think this creek up here is called Caney creek. {NW}
Interviewer:  Caney?
299:  Caney C-A-N-E-Y and course I was born on Grice's creek {NW} and uh then there's a Wells's creek
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  W-E-L-L-S and there's um Hurricane creek down here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And uh {NW} Yellow creek out toward my mother's.
Interviewer:  I I was looking on the map for Grice's Creek and I didn't see it.
299:  Well you know I spelled it G-U-I-C-E-S
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  and you know you might find it as G-R-I-C-E-S. It G-R-I-C-E-S sounds more like Grice's but the older folk spelled it G-U-I-C-E-S but {C: tape overlaid} pronounced it Grice's.
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  So uh I don't know if it would be like that.
Interviewer:  Was that I think I say Yellow Creek.
299:  Well it would be somewhere near yellow creek if it's listed it's a small Grice's creek is a small creek but it does run from one end of that community to the other really. And it runs either into uh it should run either into the Cumberland river down in Cumberland City cause it goes all the way to the to the Cumberland river. {Overlaid} It- it could be that there's another name somewhere between Grice's Creek and Cumberland River it may be it may run into Wells's Creek before it runs into the river. Did you see Wells's Creek or did you not look?
Interviewer:  I'm not sure I I think I remember the name Yellow Creek.
299:  Yellow Creek's a lot larger. It's it's a pretty large creek it has in fact you cross Yellow Creek uh coming into Erin either from Clarksville or Dickson either one. So it's it's a big creek.
Interviewer:  I think I need a bigger map
299:  Oh yeah
Interviewer:  Um what about something that say in a um in a field something real deep and narrow maybe um
299:  A gully {overlaid}
Interviewer:  Okay what's what is that like? How how does it form?
299:  Well usually by uh the gullies I'm familiar with is formed by just uh water. It may be just a big rain and it would just wash 'em out or it might be um that every time it rains water runs through them to uh they just stay there. Everytime it rains they'll be full of water.
Interviewer:  What if you have a little stream at the bottom of it and it's real you know it would be hard to climb down to get to the stream I mean it is real deep.
299:  Well like a water fall type something?
Interviewer:  Well this you know in a field all the sudden it it's just sort of a drop and there's a little stream running at the at the bottom of it. Would you call that a gully or?
299:  I really don't know
Interviewer:  Okay what about um something cut by um rain along the edge of a road?
299:  Now we call those gullies.
Interviewer:  Okay and um okay something you mentioned uh a hill is there um well are there other names for for things similar to to a hill? I mean a little rise in land maybe maybe not as big as a hill or maybe shaped a little differently.
299:  Say a hump {Overlaid} a hump have you ever heard that?
Interviewer:  What what's that?
299:  Well uh just a a mound
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  Either a mound or uh hump H-U-M-P. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay
299:  Ah that's all I can think of anything smaller than you know a hill.
Interviewer:  Okay say if you want to open a door you'd take hold of the door?
299:  Knob
Interviewer:  Do you use that word about land?
299:  Uh like {NW} door knob?
Interviewer:  Uh yeah just knob
299:  Knob Oh yes you could um.
Interviewer:  What I mean do do you use that?
299:  Uh a knob could mean a hill yes it could.
Interviewer:  Is okay um and something much much bigger than a hill would be a?
299:  Mountain
Interviewer:  Okay and uh the side of the rocky side of the mountain that that drops off real sharp?
299:  Slope
Interviewer:  Okay but what did um okay suppose you have sort of a part over hanging you know and then it just there's a big drop. {Overlaid} How'd you say somebody jumped off?
299:  The ravine
Interviewer:  What's a ravine?
299:  I think of ravine as being two two mountains or two hillsides coming down into a point and down at the bottom is a ravine.
Interviewer:  Is is that {overlaid}
299:  The we're just talking about 'til you could jump from the ledge
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  on the side of the mountain.
Interviewer:  What about the word cliff?
299:  Cliff yeah I've heard of that see I just just didn't think of it.
Interviewer:  Wait what do you picture that as?
299:  A cliff?
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  Well I sort of think of it as a as a bluff. You know we do have bluffs around here and maybe there be uh rocks protruding out you see sort of makes a cliff that has a long drop off.
Interviewer:  Yeah okay um and um say up up in the mountains where the road goes across in a low place not not really in a you're still up in the mountains you're not down in a valley but just sort of a a place between the mountains a low place between the mountains you'd call that a? {NW}
299:  I can't think of anything.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of Cumberland?
299:  Gap yeah mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Use that word gap or?
299:  Yes uh in fact uh course with us it's cattle gaps or uh water gaps.
Interviewer:  What's that mean?
299:  Well a cattle gap is just a uh say you had a uh cattle in the field {C: tape overlaid} and uh or you might some people even have a cattle in the field that's near enough to their house that uh they have to use the same they have to keep the driveway open to go in to and from their house get the cattle or they're in a field that's not actually fenced away from the house lot and they uh cattle gaps are just uh oh they're boards see they're over a sort of a gully or a ditch {C: tape overlaid} and they're they're um boards or two by fours or something and they're just space to enough distance that a cow can't actually walk across them because their hooves see get hung down between these but yet a car can come and go and you don't close them. So that's a cattle gap and a water gap is a so you have um uh a fenced in pasture say with cows or something {C: tape overlaid} and yet a creek runs through {C: tape overlaid} through there and you m- your fencing it in when you come to the creek you'll just fence on across that creek but yet you can it'll be wire stretched across and but the creek actually runs through that wire.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And uh that's what you call a water gap. And actually it'll accumulate trash and uh driftwood and everything else because the water sees it running through that wire all the time. {C: tape overlaid} That's sorta what you call a water gap.
Interviewer:  I've never heard that before I've seen what you're talking about.
299:  Say if you have a {C: tape overlaid} pasture that's fenced in and then you have a creek running through that pasture well you'll just keep fencing right on across that creek and then uh lots of times you have to put weights some kind of weights on the bottom of that fence because see that creek goes down lower than the rest of the land on each side so there'll be a space under there that there's a possibility the cows might can get in the creek and even wade out. So they'll put some type of weights I don't know just exactly but we always refer to them water gaps and cattle gaps.
Interviewer:  That's interesting I never I've seen the cattle gaps
299:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  I've seen before but
299:  mm-hmm anytime you go to anybody's house you drive through those little
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  places.
Interviewer:  There was it was sort of a this one was sort of like a pipe
299:  Yeah
Interviewer:  that they had there and I I figured that's what it was for
299:  Uh-huh
Interviewer:  well it seems to me though that the cow could break its leg.
299:  Well they c- they could see that they'd get their legs hung down in there but for some reason as as a rule they won't even try because soon as they see uh I guess they got to keep their feet on level ground and they just don't usually try to even cross.
Interviewer:  That's the cattle gap?
299:  Uh-huh
Interviewer:  Um say if if you were going to um well say if you took a if you were going to chop down a tree or something to you'd make a little V shaped cut you know in the direction you were going to you want it to fall you'd call that cut a?
299:  I know what you're talking about but um all I all I'm thinking of is a groove.
Interviewer:  Uh huh What um what about say if if you just took a um took a piece of wood and just cut in like this and then like that you'd cut out a little?
299:  Wedge
Interviewer:  Uh huh {overlaid} I'm thinking of of the word um notch. #1 Did you ever use that? #
299:  #2 Notch yeah #
Interviewer:  #1 #
299:  #2 # I just couldn't think that's right. You notch logs and you notch. {C: tape overlaid}
Interviewer:  Do you ever use that to refer to this to mean the same thing as a gap in the mountains?
299:  I never have thought of it as such.
Interviewer:  Uh huh okay um a place where boats stop and where freights unloaded?
299:  Well like a boat dock
Interviewer:  Okay any different types? Like say say something on on this river just a a smaller thing um like just big enough for you to get your just a place where you could get the boat into the water and then?
299:  A loading it'd be a loading dock.
Interviewer:  Okay um and types of of roads that you have around here? What do you call most of important roads you have?
299:  Well we call the important roads highways and the others are just roads.
Interviewer:  Okay what um what are they made out of?
299:  Well uh the roads are just uh graveled roads. They're dirt and then they gravel them. And then uh the highways are asphalt or yeah black top we call them.
Interviewer:  What about um that white part of paved roads? Like the sidewalk?
299:  Well concrete but we some are concrete and course I don't guess we actually have any of those do we um except sidewalks maybe.
Interviewer:  I can't think of any that I've gone through. Uh what would you call a a little road that goes off the main road? Say a road like
299:  A path
Interviewer:  Okay but what would you call the road that?
299:  The driveway
Interviewer:  What's what's the driveway a just a
299:  Up to a house uh-huh
Interviewer:  Okay what about the the road like the well it turns off 147? You know this this dirt road that
299:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  goes on up that way what would you call that?
299:  I just call it a road.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of a a country road or a bypass or a?
299:  Well country road yeah but uh um bypass I don't I don't I don't use it much or hear it referred to.
Interviewer:  What do you mean by country road?
299:  Well to me this is a country road.
Interviewer:  Just sort of a smaller road then?
299:  Any road that's just that's usually graveled or that's usually got woods on each side or field and things I think.
Interviewer:  Yeah what about a road that that has trees on both sides? Would you call that anything special?
299:  Well you could call it a woods road I guess {C: tape overlaid} or a wooded road.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of a a lane?
299:  #1 uh-huh #
Interviewer:  #2 what is that? #
299:  Lane well I usually think of a country lane as being maybe even going through a pasture or you know somewhere on a farm say. Or maybe going up to somebody's house from a main road that's what it is.
Interviewer:  What about say the a road on your farm well something you could drive your truck over to um say from the house to the barn?
299:  Well lots of times you might say wagon roads or it might be referred to as a lane.
Interviewer:  Okay um and something along the um side of the street for people to walk on?
299:  Sidewalk
Interviewer:  Okay you know there's a a strip of grass between the sidewalk and the street? Have you ever heard that given a name?
299:  A blo- no not a block.
Interviewer:  You know what I mean don't you?
299:  Uh-huh
Interviewer:  There's the sidewalk and then there's grass and then the street. {NW}
299:  But I can't think of what it could be called.
Interviewer:  Okay um say if you were walking along a road and and a dog jumped out and scared you um what would you pick up and throw?
299:  A rock
Interviewer:  Okay and so what would you say you did?
299:  I throwed a rock
Interviewer:  Okay would you use another expression besides that would you say chucked or pitched or? {overlaid}
299:  You could say I pitched a rock but I never do say chucked I never would.
Interviewer:  What do you what does pitched mean?
299:  Usually you think of pitched as pitching a ball in baseball. Y- you pitch a ball or but pitch is really the same thing as throw.
Interviewer:  Yeah okay um
299:  And course a pitch fork is something you used to throw hay. Pitch hay
Interviewer:  I never thought of that just pitching hay. Um but you you think you probably you'd say throw throw the rock at a
299:  I always say throw I throw the rock.
Interviewer:  Um say you went to somebody's house and knocked on the door and nobody answered you say well I guess he's not?
299:  At home
Interviewer:  Okay and um tell me about putting milk in coffee. You'd say this um some people like coffee how?
299:  Black
Interviewer:  Okay um how's so black okay black coffee then is coffee that's?
299:  Has has no cream in it.
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if you like um say if you like milk in your tea you'd say drink your tea how? {C: tape overlaid}
299:  If you like milk in your tea?
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  Seasoned?
Interviewer:  Okay you say um some people will eat corn flakes dried but most people like them?
299:  With milk
Interviewer:  Okay and um if someone were walking in your direction you say he was coming straight?
299:  Towards
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if you'd gone to town and and just happened to see someone you hadn't seen in a long time and just sort of a coincidence that you happened to see them you'd say well this morning I ran?
299:  Into
Interviewer:  Okay and um if a a little girl's given the same name her mother has you'd say that they named the child?
299:  After her
Interviewer:  Okay and um what kinds of of animals did you have on your property?
299:  Oh well we had cows and mules and horses and hogs pigs and chickens and we had sheep at one time and goats.
Interviewer:  You had goats?
299:  Uh-huh
Interviewer:  What did you have those from?
299:  Well uh we u- uh my brother I had an older brother that just really liked things like that and we have no special reason except uh we kept them as we call it down in the holler we had this uh {C: tape overlaid} road that went down into the holler and it was fenced in like and they just run ran down in that uh that uh fenced in place and they just stripped the trees and the bushes really they all uh they'll strip land of uh sprouts or bushes that you want to get rid of {C: tape overlaid} but they'll also just strip the land of anything it'll just be completely worn out where they are. And we actually one time had one uh barbecue killed but uh as far as having them for any special reason we didn't we didn't milk them or anything like that.
Interviewer:  Is goat meat good?
299:  Well uh they it is or we thought it was then if you knew {NS} uh just how to kill it and dress it and we had to get somebody else that knew they say you have to kill 'em before you actually get 'em stirred up because you know that awful smell that they have and if you stir them up chase them or anything before you kill 'em uh they'll have that meat will hold it strong uh taste.
Interviewer:  You mean they just I heard that goats stink but
299:  Oh they smell terrible.
Interviewer:  They just stink when they get mad or?
299:  Well it's worse I think see they must stink with some kind of smell more when they're they're uh stirred up or mad and because they say before you kill one uh not to stir 'em up because they must {X} makes the meat stronger or something and uh so we actually didn't have them for any reason at all except I do remember having one killed in a and barbecued or something.
Interviewer:  Yeah {overlaid} um in a heard of cattle what do you call the male? {overlaid}
299:  Well that's what I was thinking of last night when you's talking different things. {C: tape overlaid} Well you'd really call it a bull. {C: tape overlaid} But when we were growing up my mother wouldn't let us say bull. {NW} And uh so my grandmother they always had the {C: tape overlaid} the male and she always called him old Ben. {NW} {Overlaid} And believe it or not our mother made us call it a bellering cow. {NW} Why I don't know but really when we were growing up we thought to say bull was cursing if you'd say
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  it's a bull.
Interviewer:  {NW}
299:  {X} My grandmother also said the old male. So
Interviewer:  Wait she called it the the bell-
299:  The bellering cow B-E-L-L-E-R-I-N-G
Interviewer:  The bellering cow
299:  Uh-huh {NW}
Interviewer:  What about um the male horse was it?
299:  Well this is something I'm not too uh too good on is uh horses and things uh if I understand maybe a horse is a horse or is a mare. But a mare is the female of the horse see. But uh to breed and you say mules they're neither they're without sex I guess you'd say. But to a in order to a my brother he actually uh raised two mules from birth and I think you have to breed them with a jack don't you? You take the mare and breed it with a jack. And it then you come out with a mule maybe. So that's something I'm not too good on.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of a Stallion or a stud?
299:  Yeah I've heard of them I know we didn't actually have anything like that.
Interviewer:  Um say if you had these mules you had two of them hitched together you'd call that a?
299:  A team of mules.
Interviewer:  Okay And um say uh a little cow when it's first born?
299:  Calf
Interviewer:  Okay what if it's a female?
299:  It's a heifer.
Interviewer:  Okay and um if it's a male?
299:  Would it be a yearling?
Interviewer:  Okay did you you never I guess if you couldn't say bull you wouldn't say bull calf or?
299:  We didn't usually have 'em uh uh. We just said a little male I guess. {NW}
Interviewer:  Um and the kind of animal that that barks and that?
299:  A dog
Interviewer:  Okay if you wanted your dog to attack another dog you'd tell him to?
299:  Sic 'em
Interviewer:  {NW} okay and um if he's a mixed breed you'd just call him a? {NW} What just what different types of dogs do people have I mean I'm not talking about breeds you know just.
299:  You talking about uh like a coon?
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  Coon hounds and uh course hounds and collies and shepherds and of course there's there are bulldogs and bird dogs of course bird hounds too. And uh course there's feist they call some feist little feist.
Interviewer:  Is that that little dog?
299:  I think so. and um there's a name for the mixed breed but uh I I just off hand can't think of what it was.
Interviewer:  Do you ever um you know these big dogs some you see on some people's farms sometimes and just huge things?
299:  German police
Interviewer:  Okay what about just a a general name for short haired big dog? Have you ever heard that called anything?
299:  I can't think of anything.
Interviewer:  I was wondering about the word cur?
299:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Do you ever?
299:  Yeah cur dog but I never had to give it thought what kind it was.
Interviewer:  What what do you picture?
299:  A cur dog?
Interviewer:  Yeah {C: tape overlaid}
299:  I still think of the collie or the shepherd I just in my mind.
Interviewer:  Is that is the shepherd long haired or?
299:  No the collie's the long haired I believe shepherd's a little shorter I I think. To me I think a shepherd would come near being it's in some ways it's a little bit like the German police except it has longer hair. The collie has the real long hair I think and the difference in the collie and the shepherd it'd be the collie's ears stand up and maybe the shepherd's droop down I believe maybe.
Interviewer:  Do you ever um see a dog that maybe a shepherd dog that has real light blue eyes would you sort- you know most dogs have dark eyes you know brown or whatever but say a dog that has just real light colored eyes?
299:  No I'm not familiar with it.
Interviewer:  I'd I'd seen one of those and someone said it was a glass eye shepherd.
299:  Well that's something new to me I've never heard of it.
Interviewer:  It's really strange.
299:  Uh-huh
Interviewer:  It was real light blue {overlaid}
299:  Aw
Interviewer:  I thought maybe the dog was blind or something.
299:  Uh-huh Oh that's a new one on me.
Interviewer:  I just wondered if you had ever heard that.
299:  Uh-uh I haven't.
Interviewer:  Um say if you had a real mean dog you might tell someone um you better be careful that dog will?
299:  Bite you
Interviewer:  Okay and you say um yesterday he?
299:  Bit somebody
Interviewer:  Okay and you say the person had to go to the doctor after he got?
299:  Got bit
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if you had a a cow that was expecting a calf you'd say that the cow was going to?
299:  I'd just say have a calf now they say a lot of them say calve
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
299:  or drop a calf but oh I just say have a calf.
Interviewer:  Okay and um you say everyone around here likes to what horses?
299:  Ride horses
Interviewer:  Okay Say uh last year he what his horse everyday?
299:  Rode
Interviewer:  Okay say but I've never?
299:  Ridden
Interviewer:  Okay and if you couldn't stay on you'd say I fell?
299:  Off
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if a little child went to sleep in bed and woke up and found herself on the floor in the morning you'd say well I guess I must've?
299:  Fell off the bed I'd say but it should say falling.
Interviewer:  Okay um and um the things that you put on a horses feet?
299:  Horseshoes
Interviewer:  Okay um have you ever heard of a game similar played with something similar to that?
299:  Oh yes we played horseshoe growing up.
Interviewer:  Yeah do you ever play anything like that only with instead of using the horseshoes using rings?
299:  Uh-huh we'd at one time we got something like that for Christmas you had the two little stops with the little suction things on them that you could even play in the house maybe. And uh you toss these rings just little round rings I don't even know what it was called but it was a {D: lot of} horseshoe we used to play horseshoe all the time.
Interviewer:  Um when you put the the horseshoes on the horse you you nail them to his?
299:  Hoof
Interviewer:  Okay and um you say so you'd call those those parts of the horse's feet you call them his?
299:  hoof
Interviewer:  Yeah you say a horse has four?
299:  Hooves
Interviewer:  Okay um what do you call the female sheep?
299:  Um ewe
Interviewer:  Okay
299:  E-W-E isn't it?
Interviewer:  Okay um and what about the male?
299:  Is it a ram?
Interviewer:  Okay is that word nice to say? {Overlaid}
299:  Yeah I guess so we {NW} we said most anything except bull. {NW} Yeah I guess it is. {NW}
Interviewer:  What did you raise sheep for?
299:  We had to uh had them sheared for their wool and sold the wool. And uh when I was growing up and uh daddy had so much trouble with them that he finally got rid of them. We had a mad dog to get into them
Interviewer:  Oh really?
299:  and bit some and they went mad. And uh
Interviewer:  Huh
299:  Then we had 'em they real bad about getting into uh {C: tape overlaid} I don't know if it's the clover fields or uh alfalfa. It's one kind of it's some kind of hay or something you got and they're bad about getting into it. But when they over eat it they bloat and I've seen just several of them just laying out there cause they have eaten too much and they'll just be bloated and dead. So uh there are so many things that go wrong with sheep 'til daddy finally got rid of them. But we usually used to have sheep sheared and sold the wool.
Interviewer:  You have to watch some of those animals don't you for over eating?
299:  Uh-huh you do.
Interviewer:  They can't throw up or something
299:  Uh uh or something in in fact they claim there is there's a possibility that you can even stick 'em with a knife and let that air escape and they'll even live sometimes.
Interviewer:  Huh
299:  But they'll actually bloat and it could be it's if they get to water right afterwards yeah there are other certain things that a cow if a cow eats certain things
299:  That that has always been funny to me that how she she everytime she lays down to rest she uh burps doesn't she and burps it back up and chews it too. {NW}
Interviewer:  Is is the sheep like that?
299:  I'm not sure if they are or not.
Interviewer:  I've never been around sheep.
299:  I don't I don't know a lot about them either cause I was young when we had 'em.
Interviewer:  Well you said you you had hogs too um what did you call you know there there are different names according to their size and so forth when they are first born you say you call them?
299:  Pig little pigs
Interviewer:  Okay and if when they get bigger?
299:  Well there's also they call them tops or
Interviewer:  What's that?
299:  Well I've heard people topping out hogs I don't know what size that is. But there are tops and then there's a of course when they are larger they're just a hog I guess you'd say.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of shoats?
299:  Shoats yes but I don't know what age a shoat is.
Interviewer:  Yeah what about um the male?
299:  Well it'd be a boar.
Interviewer:  Okay was that word nice to use or?
299:  We never did say it much. {NW}
Interviewer:  What what did you say or did you just not?
299:  I didn't say it when it came to hog. I just don't remembering even worrying about hogs. {NW}
Interviewer:  What if um what if you had a a pig and you didn't want him to grow up and be a boar? What would you say you were going to do to him?
299:  Well we called it marking 'em marking 'em or cutting 'em.
Interviewer:  Okay would you use that same word say talking about a tom cat or something?
299:  Well I think they call that spaying them don't they?
Interviewer:  Okay um and um what about on a horse? {NW}
299:  I'm not sure what you do to a horse?
Interviewer:  Oh or calf?
299:  I don't know really that is something I just don't remember.
Interviewer:  Yeah what um what would you call it after it'd been cut what would you call the the hog?
299:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  You would you call him a boar or would it be called?
299:  I don't know what it'd be called because I just never give it much thought.
Interviewer:  Yeah did you ever hear of bar or barrow?
299:  No I you mean that's what they are called?
Interviewer:  I've heard that word.
299:  I don't know cause I just never heard.
Interviewer:  You just never?
299:  Uh uh I just never heard anybody say.
Interviewer:  Okay um the the stiff hairs that are on a hogs back you know that you know when the hog gets mad these hairs come up?
299:  Um I don't know of that either.
Interviewer:  You know they well in a a brush you know the?
299:  Bristles.
Interviewer:  Okay um and those big teeth that a hog has?
299:  Uh tusks
Interviewer:  Okay
299:  Tush tusks I don't.
Interviewer:  Yeah um the thing that you put the food in for the hogs?
299:  Troughs
Interviewer:  Okay um and um where would you where would you have that?
299:  In the hog pen.
Interviewer:  Would would you just have one or would you have?
299:  Usually just one a long one, a real long one.
Interviewer:  And you call that the?
299:  Hog trough troughs I guess you would say.
Interviewer:  Okay um do you have any names for a hog that has grown up wild?
299:  I always thought of a wild hog as a boar or wild boar.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And there's a name I guess but I I can't think of what it
Interviewer:  Yeah um the noise that a calf makes when it is being weaned? Say that the calf began to?
299:  Bawl I say.
Interviewer:  Okay and what about the the loud noise that a cow makes when her calves taken away from her?
299:  Well we always say the cow's bawling but uh you could say bellering I guess.
Interviewer:  Yeah what about the gentle noise that she makes?
299:  Mooing
Interviewer:  Okay and um the gentle noise that a horse makes?
299:  Uh neigh neigh neighing or
Interviewer:  Okay what about he makes a a softer noise than that like maybe when he he recognizes another horse or you know it there's a real soft noise.
299:  I'm thinking of a name that starts with a W. But I don't even I don't know.
Interviewer:  Okay um and say if you had some horses and mules and cows and so forth and they were getting hungry you say that it's time to go feed the?
299:  The stock
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if you had some hens and turkeys and geese and so forth would you have a general name for them? Like say it's time to go feed the?
299:  Um nothing comes to me right now. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay and um a hen on a nest of eggs is called a?
299:  Set setting hen.
Interviewer:  Okay where did you keep the hens?
299:  In the hen house.
Interviewer:  What what else what other places might you have? Maybe for just the mother and and the chicks?
299:  Well in a a chicken coop.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  Or a brooder no that would be just for the newborns the brooders was just.
Interviewer:  What was the coop like?
299:  Well it's just a little small uh just a real little small uh building just about oh it would be several feet long and it might not be but a foot or two high with a little planking roof and it with a little opening and maybe just with a plank that you put a plank up to it and maybe a rock. That's where you kept the hen and chickens.
Interviewer:  So none of them could get out?
299:  Uh the hen couldn't lots of times and lots of times it was made where the hen couldn't get out but the little chickens could and they could come and go because the little chicken won't leave its mother
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  very long. And uh
Interviewer:  What about the brooder? What was that built like?
299:  Uh well a brooder really when you think of a real brooder it's a when you hatch the the little chickens without the hen and uh there are different types of brooders now. When I was growing up we had a a brooder that uh I'm not sure how the well I guess we bought the chickens you know when they were small and then it had two two layers to it. And the underneath the bottom floor which was just about a foot high you set uh something maybe like maybe these coil lamps or something that kept it warm. And it kept the floor of it warm and you put the little chickens on the second floor. And it would be just maybe a foot or foot high or something and uh it kept them warm. And then you they'd have a it'd have a roof on it. Then it also have a little what you'd call a sun porch made to it for these little chickens on pretty days could go out on to the sun porch and it would be covered with wire on the top and they could go and come
Interviewer:  Huh
299:  you know on the ground. So that's the brooders that I'm thinking of.
Interviewer:  Yeah what if you were going to ship chickens somewhere?
299:  Uh what would you do it how or?
Interviewer:  Yeah what would you put them in?
299:  Well uh when we got them through the you know you could order them even from hatcheries places. You could uh they've got {D: paid for} boxes with uh that's got holes all in 'em. And they'd actually come in those boxes and they'll come through the post office I've seen 'em and heard 'em in the post office just cheeping up a storm. {NW}
Interviewer:  Um you know when you eat chicken there's a a bone?
299:  The breast bone.
Interviewer:  The one that
299:  Oh the wishbone or the pulley bone I call it.
Interviewer:  Okay what um is there a I guess you would say stories about that?
299:  Yes you uh you could take the pulley bone and you get somebody to pull it with you and the one that gets the shortest end of it will marry first or which ever I don't which maybe marry first.
Interviewer:  You ever hear that short end or the long end called any special names?
299:  No I haven't
Interviewer:  Okay And um what do you call the inside parts of the chicken that you eat? Do you have just a general name for the inside parts that you eat?
299:  That you eat uh?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  You're not talking about the chicken breast or a backbone?
Interviewer:  I I just mean the inside like the liver and heart and gizzard and so forth. Is there a general name like haslet or harslet or?
299:  No no not to me I don't know.
Interviewer:  Yeah what about on a pig the inside parts that you eat?
299:  I don't call it anything I can't think of anything uh
Interviewer:  Yeah do you ever hear of liver liver and
299:  Yeah liver I mean I've eaten hog liver yeah
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  and the lights they call it and the.
Interviewer:  What's that
299:  Well it's something uh pretty close to the liver it's just another uh object {NW} right close to the liver but I don't know what it is really. And um {C: overlaid} but I don't know what you'd call those things.
Interviewer:  Yeah do you ever see um a hog butchered? {NS}
299:  Mhmm I have.
Interviewer:  How do you do that?
299:  Well you um first the one that I've seen they shoot him with a gun and soon as they shoot him as soon as he falls over he dead. They cut his throat
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And then they let's see what do they do first? Oh then they uh I may have part of it backwards but the next thing after they cut his throat I guess they throw him in the hog scalder
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  with boiling it's full of boiling hot water. And then they scald him and then they uh hang him to a well to uh say from a tree limb or a pole. {C: loud ringing} {NW} So after you uh hang him from the pole or the tree or whatever then you uh {C: overlaid} well just cut him right straight down through the middle and take his uh insides or entrails or whatever you want to call them out {C: overlaid} and then uh you scrape you scrape all of the hair off of him cause after you scald him then then you scrape that all off. And then that's that that's it then you after you take him down from the pole then you have to block him out into the sections of meat that you usually have.
Interviewer:  When you cut the side of the hog what do you call that?
299:  You mean uh when you cut him when you cut him down the middle or?
Interviewer:  Yeah when you're I guess what you said blocking.
299:  Blocking him out.
Interviewer:  Uh huh when you cut the side what do you call that section?
299:  Middling I believe it's they call it the middling in there.
Interviewer:  Would you and what what other parts are there?
299:  Well course you'd have the two shoulders and you'd have the two hams and you'd have uh you have the middlings which I think are these sides. You have the hog's head which they and the hogs feet and uh then uh that's all just about all that I can uh think of the sections when you actually cut it out like that then of course you grind you clean that all out after you cut it block it out into sections and you trim it and all the trim the trimmings from it you grind into sausage which is your tender loin sometimes you put your tenderloins in which is it's just the lean meat from different sections.
Interviewer:  What about the kind of meat that that you um have in the morning for breakfast?
299:  Bacon
Interviewer:  Uh huh is that um when you talk about bacon do you refer to the um the section of meat or the slice?
299:  Well really bacon is it's really the middling it it's that section from the side I think. I think most all bacon is from the the sides of the hog which we'd call middlings.
Interviewer:  Would you call would you talk about side of bacon or middling of bacon or?
299:  You'd say a side of bacon maybe but it- it will be the middling really so I {X} and course your hog's jowl slashed hog jowl which a lot of people use as bacon is actually {NW} see the section from the hog's jowl.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  And then lot of people uh uh use that as bacon and refer to it as bacon but it's really hogs' jowl.
Interviewer:  You mean when you talk about bacon just now you're referring to that sliced meat?
299:  Uh huh
Interviewer:  Okay
299:  And you in the grocery store you can even buy the sliced hog's jowl as bacon or you can buy the sliced up middling I'd say.
Interviewer:  Um what about say the the kind of um meat that you might roll with grease?
299:  Hog jowl is usually what
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  we use.
Interviewer:  What if it's meat that's got a a lot of fat to it?
299:  Well I have heard it referred to as fat back but I don't know.
Interviewer:  Any other names or things like fat back? {Overlaid}
299:  No I don't just the hog's jowl is usually what we referred to it as I can't think of anything.
Interviewer:  What about um if its' got streaks of lean to it?
299:  Well middlings the middling would have streaks of lean but of course you might have the you might have the sliced ham or shoulder which would have lean but are you the middling would have lean too so I don't.
Interviewer:  Yeah do you ever hear of um white meat or sow belly or chuck meat or anything like that?
299:  Yeah I've heard of sow belly but I I actually don't know what that would be unless it is still part of what I call the middling because when you when you cut that hog down like this when you cut that section out you've got what's still the middling. So some people might call it a sow belly I don't.
Interviewer:  What is a sow belly is that fat meat or lean meat or? Have you ever seen it or?
299:  Not that I I've never seen it to know you know #1 exactly #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah #
299:  exactly what it is.
Interviewer:  Okay um and the person that that sells meat say in a grocery store you'd call him a?
299:  Butcher
Interviewer:  Okay and if meat's been kept too long and it doesn't smell right or taste right anymore you say that it's?
299:  Spoiled
Interviewer:  Okay after you um butcher a hog what do you make with the meat from its head?
299:  Souse meat mother makes that.
Interviewer:  How's that made?
299:  Or some people call it pressed meat.
Interviewer:  Pressed meat?
299:  Uh huh You boil you boil all that stuff course you got to clean those heads someone take all those eyeballs and everything out and but you boil it all. And um when once you boil that stuff it'll just uh fall into a a jelly like and it will just fall off the bone
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  and uh it will be gristly kind of have gristles in it but then mother uh she uh waits for it to cool and then she uh just works it until it will be just a jelly and it will have this little jelly substance mixed with it that's cooked out of it and she'll got to get all the bones out of it and work it into a mush and then I think she you have to pour it then into a she's got a crop she calls it it's a big heavy bowl. And she pours it into that and of course it's winter time when you kill hogs so therefore it's it's cold outside usually. So she pre- uh puts some kind of heavy plate or something over that {X} over that and um within I don't know by the next day or sometime its got cool enough that it it's just like what they call pressed meat or souse meat. And you can actually slice it there just like you would a a slice it into squares and it'll look sorta like some of this uh lunching meat you'd buy in the stores.
Interviewer:  Hmm
299:  But I don't like it I don't much like it it's got a gristly stuff in it.
Interviewer:  You ever um take something like this and maybe the the juice from this and and maybe mix it straight up with cornmeal and some of the hog meat and cook it and then let it get cool and then slice it and fry it?
299:  Now uh this souse meat mother has fried it. I think I don't know if you actually would roll it in cornmeal but I no I'm not familiar with this other you said mix cornmeal with the jelly substance from it?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  No but now mother batters the hog feet. The hog feet after she cleans those and she you have to singe 'em and everything in the open fire and get all that all the scrape 'em and all that and take those little uh uh outer part of those hooves off. And then you roll them in uh flour. Batter 'em and fry them.
Interviewer:  Why do you have to singe them?
299:  Cause they've got that kind of a hair like on 'em still they it just gets the rest of that old uh I don't know.
Interviewer:  Is there?
299:  Cause once you've you actually you scald them and you scraped the hog all over maybe almost the feet are still not as clean as
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  but she she always stuck 'em on one of these big long forks you know it's got the prongs and would stick them in the fire and they'll actually just singe and then she scrapes. And I don't know what all she does to them. It's a lot of work to most people throw them away.
Interviewer:  Yeah how does it taste once you get to 'em?
299:  They're good believe it or not they've got a it's a jelly like uh substance in them
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  and they're fat they've got fat jelly taste. And uh then that fried brown batter mixed with 'em uh the they're good really you just wouldn't believe they would be but they're good.
Interviewer:  Um do you ever hear making any dish by cooking and griding up the hog liver?
299:  Hash mother made has made hash. But uh she usually just chopped the liver and uh and then you could put onions and I think she put chopped potatoes with 'em some of them to make hash.
Interviewer:  And did you ever hear of um anybody ever making anything out of hog blood?
299:  Yeah I have
Interviewer:  #1 Oh really #
299:  #2 course uh # I never did but uh years ago there was some people that lived in this section of the county that they claimed made blood pies. But I that's all I've ever heard of and then.
Interviewer:  What what were blood pies? Like did you ever hear?
299:  I've never seen one or even oh I didn't would have thought about eating one either. I don't know what they were like except that maybe they took the hogs blood and actually made 'em into fried these fried pies. But now that's what I've heard but I've never actually seen one
Interviewer:  Yeah you just left the blood spill on out and didn't try to catch it and make anything out of it?
299:  Uh uh now the blood it just I don't know where it went it spilled out I guess you.
Interviewer:  Um say if you kept butter too long and it didn't taste right how would you describe it?
299:  It's molded usually
Interviewer:  Okay um would you use another word would you say that that the butter tasted
299:  #1 I don't know #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} or rancid? #
299:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
299:  Well you might say rancid but I I've never heard anybody say much about it.
Interviewer:  Yeah um what do you call that thick sour milk?
299:  Buttermilk or clabber.
Interviewer:  Okay do you ever make anything?
299:  Yeah from the clabber mother makes uh cottage cheese from the clabber.
Interviewer:  How do you make that?
299:  Well you know after it's clabbered anyway it's real it'll real get real thick and you have to she would set it on like I said she had she still has the cook stove the wood cook stove and it had one of these uh oh uh hot water uh reservoirs she called it and it would stay kind of warm and she'd set that milk on there until it would completely separate. And when it clabbers that there the part of the white part of the milk will actually separate and leave just a clear water kinda and she would keep pouring this water off and keep working this clabbered milk and it takes you a long time to do it but you work it until it gets completely dry and it's just cottage cheese. You just work it and work it.
Interviewer:  Keep it over the heat?
299:  Well it it does that when you have to warm it and keep it over the heat to get it to clabber and to completely separate.
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  And then you complete keep working with it to work all the water out of it. Well just with your hands or something you just sorta oh sorta uh knead it like like you would dough. And work with it and then keep pouring that {X} or water off of it. And finally you just got that dry white crumbly cottage cheese. Course eh with a lot of milk you just wind up with a little just a not much cottage cheese. It takes a lot of milk to make the cottage cheese.
Interviewer:  Hmm
299:  But mother's made it.
Interviewer:  Yeah what about um well say the first thing you do after milking is you have to?
299:  Strain it strain the milk.
Interviewer:  And um do you ever hear of um some sorta of like a fruit pie only baked in a deep dish and?
299:  Cobbler
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  A cobbler
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if someone had a good appetite you'd say he sure likes to put away his?
299:  Food
Interviewer:  Okay would you ever use the word {X}
299:  Yeah {NS} {X} I've heard it used a lot I never did say {X} myself.
Interviewer:  Um what would you call a milk or cream mixed with sugar and nutmeg that you might pour over a pie?
299:  Milk and cream mixed with nutmeg?
Interviewer:  Yeah sugar or something just some a sweet.
299:  Sauce
Interviewer:  Okay and um food taken between regular meals you'd call a?
299:  Snack
Interviewer:  Okay and um you mentioned that um you know the the inside part of of the hog that you know you take out after you.
299:  The entrails I'd say.
Interviewer:  Um have you ever heard of people eating that?
299:  Yeah chitterlings mother's mother's uh made those one time just not for us to eat cuz we wouldn't eat them but uh my brother-in-law got the idea that he wanted some chitterlings cause he heard about them they said they're good but you use the actually it's the intestines
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  and uh you um and also there's a paunch or there's another uh something in there that I you can use that too I think.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  But uh you clean those old intestines and then you soak 'em in in water now at first you may soak them in salt water I'm not sure about this cuz mother never tried it but one time. But you soak 'em for days and you change the water like each day.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  Til you're they're soaked completely clean and then you take those long intestines and then you clip them into little sections just cut them into little sections and then after that after they've sort of dried out and everything you uh I don't know if you batter them before you fry them or not but you fry on them. I think but
Interviewer:  You've never tasted?
299:  I don't taste them no
Interviewer:  It seems like it would taste tough or something.
299:  Uh huh it seems they would but I think they are real prickly like, you know.
Interviewer:  Huh okay um say if it was time to to feed the stock and do your chores you'd say that it was?
299:  Uh feeding time.
Interviewer:  Okay and um how do you call cows to get them to come in out of the pasture?
299:  {D:Soo soo} {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay what about um to make them stand still while you milking 'em?
299:  {D: Saw}
Interviewer:  Go ahead and and say it like you would.
299:  Well see I never did actually do it but I've worked with {D: saw.} {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay what um what if you wanted to move their their leg back so you could milk 'em?
299:  I think she'd you know she'd just say saw now jerseys s- or something I'm not sure.
Interviewer:  Okay was jersey the name of the cow?
299:  Well it jersey is really a kind of cow but usually your milk cows so many times are jerseys.
Interviewer:  Yeah how do you call a calf?
299:  I've never I don't know I've never actually called one.
Interviewer:  Yeah what about what would you say to a mule or horse to make them turn left or right?
299:  Uh yay and wa I believe.
Interviewer:  Yeah which is which?
299:  I don't know I don't really know which is which but it's yay I bet it's yay and wa.
Interviewer:  Okay and um how do you call horses to get them in and out of the pasture? {NW}
299:  I'm not sure about that either I I don't know how.
Interviewer:  Do was?
299:  You can whistle I think to get them but uh but I'm just I just don't remember doing anything.
Interviewer:  Yeah what about um what would you say to a horse to get 'em started?
299:  Um you usually go and went {NW} like that. made a clicking sound .
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  But I couldn't do it I can't do it cause I never did actually drive horses.
Interviewer:  Yeah is that the same you know if you want if they stand still and you want to go or if they're aren't going and you want to go faster would you say the same thing? Would you click at him both times or?
299:  Well {NW} I'm not sure uh I've also heard people say things like haw like haw and I don't know if this means it may mean the same thing as wa you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  Or gees {X} they've said gee and haw and I don't know what they mean either.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  But uh I just don't really remember anything with somebody would say get up or giddy-up or something like that.
Interviewer:  What about to stop 'em? What do you say?
299:  Woah
Interviewer:  Okay and to make 'em say back into a buggy? You tell 'em to?
299:  I I don't know
Interviewer:  Okay how do you call hogs? {NW} {NW}
299:  I don't know that either right now I've really forgotten a lot of that stuff I don't know.
Interviewer:  Yeah what about chickens?
299:  I don't know that either.
Interviewer:  Do you remember how you call sheep?
299:  No I don't I sure don't.
Interviewer:  And say if you were to get your horses ready to go somewhere you'd say I want to what the horses?
299:  Harness the horses you mean?
Interviewer:  Okay and um when you are driving a horse what or plowing what do you call the things you hold in your hands?
299:  The reins
Interviewer:  Okay is this is this when you're plowing?
299:  Uh I don't know really if it is or not and that's all I know.
Interviewer:  What about when you are riding on horseback? What are you holding?
299:  Well sometime they call them the leash or something I don't know if its
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Would you call that the reins or?
299:  Well I would I guess cause I don't I don't know of anything else right now.
Interviewer:  Yeah um and the thing that you you put your feet in when you are riding on a horse?
299:  The stirrup
Interviewer:  Okay and um if you are plowing with two horses well we'll say if you are plowing you know that thing that you cut you'd call that the?
299:  Furrow
Interviewer:  Okay and the horse that walks in the furrow? What would you call him? When your plow him with two horses?
299:  I don't know that either.
Interviewer:  Okay um and you say something's this well I might say well I'm not sure exactly how far away it is but it's just a little?
299:  Ways
Interviewer:  Okay um and say you'd been traveling somewhere and you you stopped for lunch you might tell people now? We can't stay here long cause we still have a?
299:  Long ways to go I'd say.
Interviewer:  Okay and something's real common and you don't have to look for it in any special place you'd say oh you can find that just about?
299:  Anywhere
Interviewer:  Okay and if someone slipped and fell this way you'd say he fell?
299:  Backward
Interviewer:  And this way?
299:  Forward
Interviewer:  Okay and say if you had been fishing and I ask you if you caught any fish you might say no what the one no?
299:  No not a one.
Interviewer:  Okay do you ever say nary one or?
299:  I don't but I've heard lots of people say it.
Interviewer:  Yeah and um say if someone apologized for breaking your rake or something like that you might say oh that's alright I didn't like it?
299:  Anyway
Interviewer:  Okay um and um you say if you have a good yield you'd say we raised a big?
299:  Crop
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Crop
Interviewer:  Okay and um if you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land you'd say that you?
299:  Cleared the land or cut sprouts or
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if you if you um {NW} had already cut the the hay off a piece of land then that same season enough grew back so you could cut it again what would you call that?
299:  Uh I don't know uh
Interviewer:  Okay wha- what would you call a say if you had planted a certain crop last year and this year without planting it came up?
299:  Well I'd we'd call it volunteers.
Interviewer:  Okay um and um wheat is tied up into a?
299:  Uh bundles {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay and then they're piled up into a?
299:  Uh it's not shocks is it?
Interviewer:  Okay and um talk about how much wheat you might get to make or you might say we raised forty?
299:  Bushels to an acre.
Interviewer:  Okay and um what do you have to do with oaks to separate the grain from the rest of it?
299:  Thresh it
Interviewer:  Okay so you say that oats what?
299:  Oats what now?
Interviewer:  What what would you say you say that oats what thrashed oats?
299:  Were thrashed
Interviewer:  Okay um and um say if if there was something that that we had to do today just the two of us you might say we'll have to do it or another way of saying that? You might say?
299:  We'll we'll do it.
Interviewer:  Yeah but you instead of saying we you might turn to me and say what?
299:  You'll do it.
Interviewer:  Okay but you talking about both of us you might say?
299:  You and me
Interviewer:  Okay um and um say if and um say if someone wanted us to work they might say you might say well he doesn't want just you or just me he wants?
299:  Both of us.
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if um if someone you went to someone's house and knocked on the door and they called out and um they said is is that you and you might say yes it's?
299:  Me I'd say.
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if um if we were just sitting there and we were expecting someone to come to the door and then um we went to the door and we might say oh it's just?
299:  Him
Interviewer:  Okay or if it was a woman we might say oh it's?
299:  Her {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay and if it was two people you'd say it's?
299:  Them
Interviewer:  Okay and um talking about how tall you are you might say he's not as tall as?
299:  I am
Interviewer:  Okay or I'm not as tall as?
299:  He is
Interviewer:  Okay and you might say well he can do that better than?
299:  I can
Interviewer:  Okay and say if if a man had been running for two miles and then had to stop you'd say that two miles is?
299:  As far as he can run.
Interviewer:  Okay and um say a long time ago they didn't have a high school here so that the the eighth grade was what? You could get was?
299:  Was as far as you could go.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear the expression the fartherest or all the further?
299:  Uh-huh I have.
Interviewer:  What do people say around here? How how would you say that?
299:  Well uh and now what was the two words ah?
Interviewer:  Um all the farther or all the further or fatherest or
299:  Most of the time I say the fartherest fartherest.
Interviewer:  Do you have you ever ever heard that expression all the?
299:  All the farther?
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  Uh-huh or all the further lot of people say all the further. Yeah I've heard it. In fact I might have said it sometime myself.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  I say the fartherest I guess most of the time.
Interviewer:  Yeah um say something belongs to me than you'd say it's?
299:  Yours
Interviewer:  Okay and if it belongs to um both of us you'd say it's?
299:  Ours
Interviewer:  And if it belong to him then it'd be?
299:  His
Interviewer:  And to her it'd be?
299:  Hers
Interviewer:  And to them?
299:  Be theirs
Interviewer:  Okay and um say people had had been to visit you and they were about to leave you might say to them?
299:  Y'all come back. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay do you use that word y'all
299:  uh huh
Interviewer:  much? What about um say if there had been a group at your house and then they were fixing to leave and you were asking them about their coats you might ask well where are?
299:  Where are your coats?
Interviewer:  Okay would you say your when you're talking to the whole group?
299:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  You wouldn't say you alls coats or y'alls coats?
299:  No you'd say your I'd say yours
Interviewer:  Okay um and say if there had been a party that you hadn't been able to go to um and you want to know about the people that had gone you might say well?
299:  Who all was there?
Interviewer:  Okay and um say I if you were asking about a group of children that obviously belonged to more than one family but you didn't know um you might ask about them well what children are they well?
299:  Whose children are they?
Interviewer:  Okay would you ever say who? Who alls children are they?
299:  Yeah in fact I may I say who all most lots of the time.
Interviewer:  Yeah okay um and say if if there a speaker had made a speech on covered a number of topics and you hadn't been able to hear it you might ask afterwards well? You say what? What all did he say or what did you think?
299:  Uh yeah sounds just like me. What all did he say? {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay um and you say if no one else will look out for them you say they've got to look out for?
299:  Their self
Interviewer:  Okay if no one else will do it for them you say he better do it?
299:  Hisself
Interviewer:  Okay and um what's what sort of things are made out of flour?
299:  You mean like biscuit?
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  Biscuit and cake pie crust.
Interviewer:  Okay what about other things say something that comes in a loaf?
299:  Bread
Interviewer:  Okay what if it's made to rise?
299:  Uh you mean a
Interviewer:  Well what different types of bread are there?
299:  Well you mean like I don't know if I know exactly what you.
Interviewer:  Say um if you put something in it to make the bread rise?
299:  Oh uh leavened or unleavened
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  leavened bread or unleavened bread or.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  Or uh or seasoned like soda or baking powder or
Interviewer:  Uh huh is there something else you might use?
299:  Oh yeast
Interviewer:  Uh huh if it's got yeast in it do you call it?
299:  It'd be uh well like a it'd be um
Interviewer:  Do you talk about light bread or loaf bread or
299:  Oh light bread we I always say light bread.
Interviewer:  Okay um what's that leavened and unleavened? Do people talk about that?
299:  Well to me unleveled unleavened bread is just bread that's got nothing in it it's a
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  And leavened bread it's uh it's seasoned. It's got all the seasonings that makes it rise and everything.
Interviewer:  Uh huh I I just wonder if it's when you say that I've I've never well of course I don't know much about cooking but those words sound to me sort of religious.
299:  That's what I yeah that's what I'm referring to that's the only place I've actually heard much about it.
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  Course in the Bible you they refer to the leavened and unleveled unleavened bread.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  And so that's where I actually heard it yeah
Interviewer:  Okay and what what about things that um say made out of cornmeal?
299:  Well uh there again you've got your ah hoecake
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  bread or you've got your uh um just the cornbread baked in the oven, the corn sticks uh and that's that's about all I know.
Interviewer:  What about something sort of long like like this?
299:  Uh corn sticks.
Interviewer:  Okay and say if you what about something that you you might eat with fish?
299:  Hush puppies
Interviewer:  Okay how how's that made?
299:  Oh I think you just uh use the meal and uh maybe chop up onions and and I don't know what else you'd season it with and then uh then mix it with uh I suppose some kind of milk. I don't actually make 'em and then you uh you roll 'em in little balls and drop 'em in uh deep fat or grease and um for frying.
Interviewer:  Do you ever see something that you take and sort of shape with your hands?
299:  Uh would that be the hush puppies or you talking about those little um there was a type of little um oh they call it plain bread or hot water corn cakes type things you might fry.
Interviewer:  Hot water?
299:  Well it's you take the meal I think that you take the plain meal no {D: not se-} fried or anything and mix boiling water with it and stir it up real quick and you fry it. In real hot grease real quick. And they'll be hard #1 little couple little #
Interviewer:  #2 About what size? #
299:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
299:  Oh they'll be about little round maybe three inch.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  Two or three inches just little fritters type.
Interviewer:  Yeah what do you call 'em? You call 'em?
299:  Well I've always heard them called uh just hoecakes and type. The little little hoecakes.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  Plain hoecakes they call 'em.
Interviewer:  Huh never heard of that.
299:  My grandmother makes them I know.
Interviewer:  Um you ever heard of a corn dodger?
299:  The oth- those things would be covered for the corn dodgers yeah.
Interviewer:  Those things that
299:  #1 Could be yeah I think some people call them #
Interviewer:  #2 little hoecakes? #
299:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
299:  corn dodgers. Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Okay um and you say um say if you ever had good homemade bread you you that there is a lot of difference between homemade bread and?
299:  Light bread or bought bread.
Interviewer:  Okay um and what what do you make fried in deep fat with the hole in the center?
299:  Donuts
Interviewer:  Okay are there different names for different types of donuts?
299:  Um I don't know about that either.
Interviewer:  Okay what about something that you make up a batter and fry three three or four of these at one time and maybe eat them in for breakfast?
299:  Flap jacks or pancakes
Interviewer:  Okay any other name?
299:  That's all I can think of.
Interviewer:  Is that what what did you mean when you said fritters? #1 Is that #
299:  #2 Fritters #
Interviewer:  #1 #
299:  #2 # I'm thinking of the little hoecakes when I say fritters. But I guess they- those could be called fritters I don't know. But I I think of little the little fried hoecakes when I #1 say #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh #
299:  fritters.
Interviewer:  So you think of something with cornmeal?
299:  Uh-huh I do. But uh pancakes are flapjacks as we call 'em is the main thing I thinking of.
Interviewer:  Yeah um and say um say you go to the store to buy maybe two what of flour two?
299:  Sacks of flour I'd say.
Interviewer:  Okay and each sack would maybe have 5 what?
299:  Pounds
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Pounds
Interviewer:  Okay and um what might you have for breakfast in the morning?
299:  You mean just say like uh bacon eggs and
Interviewer:  Okay if if you take um eggs and cook them in hot water what do you call them?
299:  Poached eggs
Interviewer:  Okay how's is that that's cracked?
299:  Uh-huh
Interviewer:  What if if you just um don't crack them?
299:  Boiled {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay and um the inside part of the egg?
299:  The yolk
Interviewer:  Okay and what color is that?
299:  Yellow
Interviewer:  Okay and um you say um this morning I what breakfast at seven o'clock?
299:  I cooked breakfast.
Interviewer:  And then I what?
299:  Ate breakfast.
Interviewer:  Okay and you say yesterday by that time I already?
299:  I'd say eat breakfast but it's not right. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay #1 and #
299:  #2 I'd say eat. #
Interviewer:  and you you say um and then tomorrow I'll?
299:  Eat breakfast.
Interviewer:  Okay and um the thing what do people drink for breakfast?
299:  Coffee
Interviewer:  Okay
299:  or orange juice.
Interviewer:  How do you prepare coffee? You say you are going to what to the coffee?
299:  Brew some coffee or
Interviewer:  Okay
299:  make some coffee I just say I'm gonna make some coffee or some people say boil some coffee or perc some coffee.
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if you were real thirsty you might go to the sink and pour yourself a?
299:  Glass of water
Interviewer:  Okay and you say the glass fell off the sink and?
299:  Broke
Interviewer:  And you say um so you say somebody has #1 what? #
299:  #2 Broke #
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Broke
Interviewer:  Okay and um you say that I didn't mean to?
299:  Break it
Interviewer:  Okay and um say you say I was real thirsty and I what a lot of?
299:  Drunk
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  I drunk a lot of water.
Interviewer:  Okay and you might ask how much have you?
299:  Drunk {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay and you say we certainly do?
299:  Drank
Interviewer:  Okay and um when dinner's on the table and the family is standing around the table you know um what do you say to them?
299:  Sit down
Interviewer:  Okay and is that the same thing you'd say if you had company?
299:  Sit have a seat
Interviewer:  Okay and you say someone comes into the dining room and and you ask them won't you?
299:  Sit down
Interviewer:  Okay so you say so then he what down? Then he
299:  I'd say he sat down.
Interviewer:  Okay and you say nobody was standing because everybody had already what down?
299:  Sat down
Interviewer:  Okay and say if you wanted someone not to wait until the potatoes were passed over to 'em you'd tell them to go ahead and?
299:  Eat
Interviewer:  Or go ahead and what?
299:  Help yourself.
Interviewer:  Okay and so you say so then he went ahead and?
299:  Ate I guess.
Interviewer:  Or what yourself?
299:  Helped himself
Interviewer:  Okay and um you say I asked him to pass them over to me since he had already?
299:  Helped helped himself.
Interviewer:  Well okay at that where the neighbors of yours would have said hoped?
299:  Yeah that- that's right {NW} that's what I was thinking {NW} um
Interviewer:  Um say someone offered you food and you decided you don't want it you tell them no thanks I don't?
299:  Care for any.
Interviewer:  Okay and you say if food's been cooked in certain {NW}
299:  What in what she's asking?
Interviewer:  If food's been cooked and served a second time you'd say that it's been?
299:  Uh leftover or warmed over.
Interviewer:  Okay and um you say you have you ever heard of head over? {D: Or het?}
299:  Yeah I've heard of it but I I don't use it myself but yes I've heard it.
Interviewer:  Who who said that? Is that what your grandparents said or?
299:  Really and all mine didn't that I knew I mean my grandmother that I real familiar with she doesn't say it I really don't know but I have heard older folks say it. But I've also heard uh a little girl at told somebody said come over and have suppers with us, we gonna have warm-ups. {NW}
Interviewer:  Warm-ups?
299:  Warm-ups and I thought that was the cutest thing warm-ups.
Interviewer:  I've never heard that.
299:  It sounded like you going out for ball practice or something you know.
Interviewer:  Um you say you put food out
Interviewer:  Um when you saying you put food in your mouth and then you begin to?
299:  Chew it I say.
Interviewer:  Okay and um something that you make out of cornmeal that sort of um you just take cornmeal and water maybe and
299:  Mush we called it.
Interviewer:  Okay and um what do you call peas and beats and so fourth that you grow?
299:  Vegetables you mean.
Interviewer:  Okay do you have a different name depending on if you grew 'em yourself or if you bought 'em?
299:  Well I'd say uh some people home grown or store bought. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay and um the place that where'd you grow vegetables? You'd call that your?
299:  Garden
Interviewer:  Okay and um something that I don't know if if you have it around here that much or not but that the South is sort of famous for if you have a food that maybe you'd have for breakfast in the morning?
299:  Um oh uh you mean uh grits. {overlaid} Corn grits or something uh huh.
Interviewer:  Do you have those?
299:  No we don't. I've heard people talk about 'em they say in the southern resturants that you they do have them on the menu a lot.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  But we just don't ever actually ate 'em.
Interviewer:  Yeah what about something that {NW} say you take whole grains of corn and um #1 you'd leave #
299:  #2 Hom # Hominy mother's made that.
Interviewer:  You remember how she'd make it?
299:  Uh yes I think you take the corn just the regular ol' dry corn on the cob and shell it. And then you uh soak it in lye water.
Interviewer:  Mhmm
299:  And uh I don't even know how long you soak it or if you when you actually boil it and all this. But then it'll actually hu- you know you'll get the husk off of it. And um somewhere along the line you cook it or soak it or do something to it but I know somewhere you soak it in lye water to actually get the husk off of it.
Interviewer:  Mhmm um what about something that it's made from the inside of a grain and is white and um well you wouldn't grow it around here cause it takes a lot of water to grow.
299:  Rice
Interviewer:  Okay and um what about say non tax paid liquior?
299:  Moonshine {NW} bootleg {NW}
Interviewer:  Have you heard of people around here have moonshine? {NW}
299:  I I've heard of it
Interviewer:  Hm?
299:  I've heard of it.
Interviewer:  What about um beer have you ever heard of? {overlaid}
299:  Uh homemade beer?
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  Now I've heard of people making um uh more in the line of wine and I don't know or this um they called it um is it rice they use rice too. Someone in {D: Erin} was talking about making some. Is it soddy or soggy or?
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  Something I don't know exactly what it is but it's more in the line of a wine or uh something they made. But I'm not too familiar on it.
Interviewer:  Yeah What about that moonshine? Have you heard any other names for it besides moonshine?
299:  Just moonshine and and bootleg and uh white lightning.
Interviewer:  {NW} That's it.
299:  I guess that's all.
Interviewer:  Yeah Okay um say if something was cooking and it made a good impression on your nostrils you'd tell someone just?
299:  Smell
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Smell
Interviewer:  Okay and um you say you crush cane and boil the juice and make
299:  sovereign molasses is what we made.
Interviewer:  Okay um what about something similar to that?
299:  What do you mean sugar cane or something?
Interviewer:  Maybe not as as thick as molasses.
299:  You don't mean the skimmings from from the molasses do you or?
Interviewer:  What'd you do with the skimmings?
299:  Well they ususally throw them away it- it was just the foam skimmed off the top but it was eatable but uh I think they threw 'em away though.
Interviewer:  #1 What about #
299:  #2 Maybe maple syrup # I don't know we I never I'm not familiar with that.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  People used to make maple syrup.
Interviewer:  What kind of trees would they?
299:  From the maple I I suppose but I'm not I don't know anything about that I've never seen that done.
Interviewer:  Yeah um what what would you say is the difference between molasses and syrup? You say molasses?
299:  Really I don't see that there's any difference we just always said uh sovereign molasses. And uh we referred to syrup as something you buy. {NW}
Interviewer:  Yeah um say if you had a a belt made out of cow hide. It'd say something have something on there that to tell you that it it was made out of cow hide and nothing else it's say?
299:  Genuine
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Genuine
Interviewer:  Okay and um say when sugar was weighed out of a barrel you'd say that it was sold how?
299:  In the bulk
Interviewer:  Okay do you remember that much? Or is that?
299:  Uh kinda yeah my the- my grandad had the grocery store and I think it was in a barrel then. And most most of the things seem like it was in barrels the salt and and actually the vinegar was in the barrel.
Interviewer:  What about crackers? Did that?
299:  No uh I don't remember them in a barrel I've heard of Cracker Barrel but I don't believe I've ever seen 'em in a barrel myself.
Interviewer:  What um where might you have a a sweet spread that you might put on toast or something?
299:  Well do you mean syrup?
Interviewer:  Okay what about something made out of fruit? Maybe apples or you know you
299:  Jelly
Interviewer:  Hm?
299:  jelly
Interviewer:  Okay and um what might you have on the table to season your food with?
299:  You mean salt or pepper.
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if there was a bowl of apples on the table and a child wanted one he'd say?
299:  Give me an apple.
Interviewer:  Okay and huh?
299:  I probably wouldn't say an apple. I'd just say give me a apple. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay um say um say he it wasn't it wasn't these boys it must've been one of?
299:  uh them {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay you'd say one of them boys or?
299:  I prob- probably would really most of the time I I catch myself saying them them boys or them them girls.
Interviewer:  Okay and you say he doesn't he doesn't live here he lives?
299:  Over there
Interviewer:  Okay what about if it's a little farther away?
299:  Over yonder
Interviewer:  Okay and um you might tell someone not do it that way do it?
299:  This way
Interviewer:  Okay and um you say if you don't have any money at all you say you're not rich you're?
299:  Poor
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if you have a lot of peach trees you say you have a peach?
299:  Orchard
Interviewer:  Okay {NW} and um say if um say you might ask someone it that's his orchard and he'd say no I'm just neighboring he'd point to someone else and he'd say he's the man?
299:  That has the orchard or owns the orchard.
Interviewer:  And um you say when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child?
299:  That was rich.
Interviewer:  Okay well you talking about his his father being rich you'd say when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child?
299:  His daddy was rich.
Interviewer:  Okay um and the inside of the cherry the part that you don't eat you'd call the?
299:  Seed
Interviewer:  Okay what about on a peach?
299:  Peach seed
Interviewer:  Okay you know a peach has a say you take the seed and then you open that and there's this smooth little thing inside?
299:  Uh I'm I'm not sure what it is.
Interviewer:  Do you know what I'm talking refering to?
299:  The pulp or
Interviewer:  No you know that say if you if you cracked open the seed
299:  Yeah
Interviewer:  that little
299:  center.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  But I don't know what you'd call it
Interviewer:  Okay um and you know the kind of peach that is real easy to get off the seed?
299:  Frees- would it be a free stone?
Interviewer:  Okay and what about the other kind?
299:  Wouldn't be the cling would it? Cling peach
Interviewer:  Okay um have you heard any other names for those or?
299:  Uh no I haven't.
Interviewer:  Okay um and the part of an apple that you don't eat?
299:  The core
Interviewer:  Okay and say if you cut up apples and dry them you say you're making?
299:  Dried apples
Interviewer:  Okay I don't guess you've heard them called snitz?
299:  No I haven't
Interviewer:  I think it's sort of a German
299:  Uh huh I haven't
Interviewer:  Um what kind of nuts do you have?
299:  We just have uh hickory nuts or walnuts. Or hazelnuts or {D: magbeach} nuts.
Interviewer:  Okay and you know the walnut you have two coverings on it?
299:  Yeah the hull and the shell.
Interviewer:  Okay and then inside the the shell you have the?
299:  The kernel we call it.
Interviewer:  Okay um what about a kind of nut that that grows in the ground? I grows in Georgia a lot you know down there. It's real common.
299:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Say if if you were going to go to the store and buy some nuts you know just planters or some brand you know this what um?
299:  Peanuts yeah
Interviewer:  Okay
299:  Well I'd forgot all about those {NW} that's right peanut.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard another name for peanuts?
299:  Don't they call them goobers. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay and um the kind of nut that uh you might use in cookies?
299:  Oh {NW} pecans or english walnuts or something.
Interviewer:  What about a kind of nut that's um it's long and sorta shaped like your eye?
299:  Brazil Brazil nuts or
Interviewer:  Okay any other kind? You ever heard of alemond or almond?
299:  Oh yeah yeah
Interviewer:  What's that?
299:  Well in fact the the candy bars the almond joy has the has that almond in there.
Interviewer:  Mhmm
299:  So yeah I have.
Interviewer:  Okay and um the kind of fruit about the size of an apple?
299:  You mean like a peach or a pear or a orange?
Interviewer:  Okay say if if you had a bowl of of oranges one day you went in to get one and there weren't any left you'd say the oranges are?
299:  All gone
Interviewer:  Okay and um what what things do you have planted in your garden?
299:  What things do I have planted in the garden? Well I have potatoes cucumbers corn and peas. And uh tomatoes.
Interviewer:  What um you said corn what kind of um what do you call the corn that's tender enough to eat just off the cobb?
299:  Roast roasting ears #1 we called it. #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay # and um the tomatoes you know those those kind that um don't ever get any bigger than this?
299:  Salad tomatoes
Interviewer:  Okay um and what what things might you have planted that that grow in the ground I mean under?
299:  Well irish potatoes do and sweet potatoes.
Interviewer:  Is there any other name for sweet potatoes?
299:  Oh yams I think maybe. That's all I know.
Interviewer:  Do you use that word much around here?
299:  No you don't in fact I didn't know what there might be a little bit of difference in uh {NW} you know in a grocery store you see candied yams in the can but I don't know if they are actually um the same sweet potatoes that we have or not. But we always say sweet potato.
Interviewer:  Yeah what else do you have?
299:  Under that grows under the ground? {C: tape overlaid} Well of course carrots and beets onions would.
Interviewer:  What's that?
299:  Onions
Interviewer:  What about the kind of onions that um that well they're not fully developed I guess you know what I mean?
299:  Oh well the- I run into that this year you either get onions sets or you get onion slips.
Interviewer:  What's the difference?
299:  Well the onion sets are actually the little onion that you just the little head of onion and you it completely dies and sprouts out a new onion.
Interviewer:  Mhmm
299:  But uh or anyway the onion grows from it it doesn't have the little slip but now the little onion slips have already have the little green blade onion blade on it. And you set them out more like a little plant.
Interviewer:  Mhmm
299:  And by the way all my plants die. {NW} The sets are better really.
Interviewer:  With all the bad weather?
299:  Mm-hmm You turned off the dryer or something afterwards and then if it rains much before and it just they- it was late in the year and um they're so much smaller see they're just like a st- they're just about as big as a string. They're so small. The little onion sets see the little bulb.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What um when the onions get a little bigger and you um but they're still young onions and you you pull them up and just eat 'em you know clean 'em and eat.
299:  Green onions
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Well just green onions.
Interviewer:  Okay and um what about the little red thing that grows in the ground? #1 Is #
299:  #2 the # beets you mean?
Interviewer:  Yeah something um what about something red that is white on the inside?
299:  Radishes
Interviewer:  Okay and um the a green well it's green and long it's and grows up I think in bunches sort of.
299:  You don't mean uh lettuce or spinach or kale or?
Interviewer:  How how's how would you refer to to lettuce? You'd say?
299:  Lettuce
Interviewer:  Yeah you had a couple of what?
299:  Heads of lettuce
Interviewer:  Hm?
299:  Heads of lettuce or bunch of lettuce.
Interviewer:  Okay and um what about something similar to to lettuce?
299:  Mustard
Interviewer:  Okay say a if you cooked if you cooked mustards you'd say you had a?
299:  Oh well you mean a mess of mustard. {NW}
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  Mess of mustard I guess.
Interviewer:  What about turnips? How would you refer to that?
299:  A mess of turnips.
Interviewer:  Would you use another word I mean you say it?
299:  Um you I mean uh just a pot of turnips or?
Interviewer:  Yeah I mean when you talk about turnip what?
299:  Greens
Interviewer:  Yeah do you use the word greens? Say a mess of greens or?
299:  I don't ever I always say turnip greens. Or either turnip salad you know we always salad you know that's what we refer to a lot is salad. But I never said just greens I never have.
Interviewer:  Do you ever say just salad?
299:  Uh-huh I do. I said we had salad for dinner.
Interviewer:  What you mean to referring to the turnip?
299:  I'm returning um referring to the turnip salad or the turnip greens. I'm not referring to a green cut salad.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  I I'm talking about cause usually in this section of the country people talk about turnip salad.
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  And lots of times they'll just say I had salad for dinner or I cooked salad today.
Interviewer:  What other um greens do you have besides the turnip you'd talk about mustard salad? Or mustard greens?
299:  No it it wouldn't always be uh except uh uh poke salad now have you ever been familiar with that?
Interviewer:  I've never had it.
299:  Well yeah when this section and I cook that a lot poke salad and- and that's what we call it poke salad.
Interviewer:  Okay what um then what what about something that you take and and um maybe chop up and dust with cornmeal or something you know and fry it?
299:  Well uh you mean like okra?
Interviewer:  Mhmm
299:  Fried okra or fried green tomatoes we'd do that.
Interviewer:  You'd fry the green tomatoes?
299:  Uh huh you'd take uh just green tomatoes and slice 'em in slices
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  and uh and then you'd just roll it in the meal and fry 'em just in those slices or you can even do squash the same way. It's pretty good.
Interviewer:  Yeah what about um kinds of beans?
299:  Like green beans or
Interviewer:  When you say green beans what what are you referring to?
299:  Well you're referring to these uh the kind you actually break these string beans or that you actually break 'em up. And then of course there's butter beans or butter beans which is the same as lima beans I guess. And uh or these green beans we were talking about breaking you can let them grow longer and call them shelly beans where you shell 'em. And I guess that's all the beans.
Interviewer:  Are there um different names for different kinds of of these green beans.
299:  Uh-huh it is there's uh there's Kentucky wonder or there's corn field {X} Or there's uh there's different oh uh names for 'em and they're actually a different uh they have a different uh shape to them a different look of a bean. Like say um Kentucky wonder bean is a flat long flat green bean. Where a cornfield bean is a little long narrow round bean. Which you break them up and cook 'em the same.
Interviewer:  Um say you'd you'd refer to to lettuce as being you know heads of lettuce would you ever refer to so many heads of children? Even jokingly would you?
299:  I've never heard anybody say that.
Interviewer:  What would someone say he had about fourteen children would you ever say say he had a what of children?
299:  Gang of kids
Interviewer:  Okay you ever say passel?
299:  Yeah passel of kids I've heard people say that.
Interviewer:  How else do you use that word passel? Or do you use it much?
299:  No I don't I don't hear it much.
Interviewer:  Okay um and say you might say well say if you took a say a skin the skin of a dried apple you'd say it was all what?
299:  Swiveled
Interviewer:  Okay and um talking about corn the the outside of the ear of corn?
299:  The shuck
Interviewer:  Okay and the thing that that you have to take off
299:  The silk
Interviewer:  Okay and the the thing that grows at the talk of the corn stalk ?
299:  The tassel.
Interviewer:  Okay and um a large round thing that you might make a pie out of it?
299:  Pump-
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Pumpkin is what we say.
Interviewer:  Okay
299:  It's pumpkin really but we say pumpkin.
Interviewer:  Okay and uh what kind of melons do you have around here?
299:  Watermelon and uh we say mushmelon but I think it's muskmelon and we say mushmelon. Which is the same thing as cantelope.
Interviewer:  It's exactly the same thing?
299:  Well I'm not sure that they're exactly but uh sometimes I think we're we refer to the same thing as. There maybe a difference that I don't know. But we call 'em mushmelon most of the time.
Interviewer:  Mhmm
299:  Or then watermelon.
Interviewer:  Are there different kind of watermelons that you talk about?
299:  I think there really is I think there's a they're different there was that real round green one or there's that those long that has some white striped looking things on them. I think there's different types of watermelon just like there's different types of even there's different types of cucumbers.
Interviewer:  There is?
299:  When you go to the store to buy your cucumber seed you don't realize all this until you start buying seed. Especially the long green or the are the different they just got different names and sure enough when you plant 'em some of them will be real long green ones. And sometimes they'll be more of a white color.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  They're just a different.
Interviewer:  There one kind is especially good for pickiling or?
299:  I think so I think that they recommend see I don't know I'm not too {C: loud banging} uh familiar with this and just I haven't been having a garden but several years now myself.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  And I didn't realize there was so many differences in all the seed. Even your okra there's dwarf okra and there's white okra and there's all different kinds of okra. And you don't realize that until you go buy seed and uh it- it'll make all the difference in the world what kind of okra you have I guess.
Interviewer:  Watch us never decide.
299:  You can't w- when you actually go to buy it you know cause you don't expect all this you know you think oh I'm going to get cucumber seed well there's the long green or the uh the something else something else something else.
Interviewer:  Yeah just get a little bit of everything. {NW} Um what about something that little umbrella shaped thing that might spring up in the woods and fields after it rains?
299:  Well mushrooms or toad stools or
Interviewer:  Okay they the same thing?
299:  Uh as far as I'm concerned they are.
Interviewer:  Yeah um say if a man had real bad sore throat or something you say well he couldn't eat that piece of meat because he couldn't?
299:  Swallow
Interviewer:  Okay and um the thing that people smoke made out of tobacco?
299:  Cigarette
Interviewer:  Okay what else?
299:  Cigar
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if someone offered to do you a favor but you didn't wanna accept it because then you'd you'd feel like you you owed them something you'd say? Um well no thanks I don't want to be what? {X}
299:  Obligated to you or in debt to you or?
Interviewer:  Okay would you ever say beholden?
299:  Yeah I've heard that.
Interviewer:  Okay and um say someone asked you about doing a certain job you'd say sure I'd do it sure I'd?
299:  I can do it.
Interviewer:  Okay and uh if they if you're not able to you might say well I'd like to but I just?
299:  Ain't able
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if it is a real bad accident um up the road and you'd say that there's there's no need to call a doctor because by the time we got there the person was? {NS}
299:  Dead
Interviewer:  Okay or was what dead was?
299:  Already dead
Interviewer:  Okay would you ever say was done dead?
299:  Yeah that sounds just like me I I'd really do say done dead.
Interviewer:  {NW} Okay
299:  And I say I've already done it.
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  You know things like that- I've done done it I mean I've done done it. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay and um you say in a dangerous situation a person what to be careful a person?
299:  Ought to be careful
Interviewer:  Okay and um you say um say if a boy got a whipping you say well I bet he did something he?
299:  Shouldn't of done.
Interviewer:  Okay but for using that word ought #1 I bet he did #
299:  #2 oughtn't of done #
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  He oughtn't of done.
Interviewer:  Okay and um you might say well I'll I'll dare you to go through the graveyard at night but I bet you?
299:  You're scared.
Interviewer:  Okay {NW} or using the word dare? Would you say I bet you?
299:  Wouldn't dare.
Interviewer:  Okay would you say dassent or darent or?
299:  I don't
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard any of those?
299:  I couldn't really tell you any incident that I have I mean it sounds familiar but I don't know.
Interviewer:  Yeah um and say someone was kept asking you to do something that that you just weren't gonna do you might say? Well no matter how many times you ask me to do that I just?
299:  Ain't gonna do it.
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if you had done some real hard work all by yourself and all the time you were working a friend of yours was just standing around watching you work. When you get through you might go up to them and say you know instead of just standing there you?
299:  Could help me.
Interviewer:  Or you might?
299:  Might help me.
Interviewer:  Okay um and um talk about kinds of animals now the the kind of bird that can see in the dark?
299:  Oh the bat.
Interviewer:  Okay what else?
299:  The owl I believe.
Interviewer:  Okay are there different kinds of owls?
299:  Well there's a hoot owl and a that's all I know.
Interviewer:  What bout that real little?
299:  Screech owl they call 'em.
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Screech owl
Interviewer:  Okay and um what about the kind of bird that that drills holes in a tree do you know?
299:  Uh well woodpecker or peckerwood. {NW} Half the time we say peckerwood but it's a woodpecker I guess.
Interviewer:  Do you ever heard of even that word peckerwood to refer to people?
299:  Yeah I've heard {X} say you peckerwood.
Interviewer:  What does it mean is it insulting or just teasing?
299:  Teasing I'd say.
Interviewer:  Okay and have you ever heard any other name for peckerwood? Besides woodpecker or peckerwood. Have you ever heard wood wood chuck or or wood hen or anything like that? Or you know the
299:  Wood chuck is a ground hog yeah I've heard of a wood chuck. In the in the wood
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  Wood chuck is a animal.
Interviewer:  You've never heard that what about um the the peckerwood or woodpecker that's about that's that's pretty big the about the well you know the there's one sort of unusually large woodpecker.
299:  The red headed woodpecker
Interviewer:  Uh huh if you I don't guess you've ever heard of shirt tail or
299:  Uh uh
Interviewer:  any
299:  No I haven't
Interviewer:  Okay um and what about the that black and white animal that's got a real strong smell?
299:  Skunk or polecat yeah polecat and lot of times you call people polecats. {NW}
Interviewer:  Oh really?
299:  Yeah or skunks or
Interviewer:  What does it mean when you call a person a polecat?
299:  Oh they're kind of sneaky or not a very good name when you call 'em a polecat.
Interviewer:  Yeah {NW}
299:  Slammed the door that the quarters on 'em {NW}
Interviewer:  What about um kinds of animals that have been coming and getting your your hens? You didn't know exactly what kind they were well there's possum or skunk or just what with you might say I'm gonna get me a gun that and kill those?
299:  Varmints
Interviewer:  Okay what is what does varmint mean
299:  #1 It's #
Interviewer:  #2 to you? # I mean what
299:  It's something that's not good that's aggravating mean.
Interviewer:  Would you say a rat or mouse?
Other speaker:  You mean you've been to college and don't know what varmint is? {NW}
299:  We've got our {C: laughing} recorders on
Interviewer:  That's okay. {NW} Would you picture a a rat or a mouse as being a varmint?
299:  Not really I wouldn't think of it as such.
Interviewer:  You think of it sort of
299:  I think of it more of a of something like you say it does get in your chickens or
Interviewer:  Yeah
299:  or something like that.
Interviewer:  Okay um and what about a a bushy tailed animal that gets up in the trees?
299:  Squirrel
Interviewer:  Okay what different kinds of squirrels?
299:  Well there's the gray squirrel and there's the red squirrel I think and there's a ground squirrel
Interviewer:  #1 What's the ground? #
299:  #2 or we call 'em flying squirrel. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
299:  #2 #
Interviewer:  The ground squirrel's the same as the flying squirrel?
299:  Well that's what I would call 'em and I don't actually know they even actually the flying squirrel actually has skin running from the his which would be his front legs it has skin that makes it look like a wing.
Interviewer:  Mhmm
299:  And I think he actually can almost jump from tree to from the tree to the house or just anywhere.
Interviewer:  And that's the same as the ground squirrel?
299:  I really don't know for sure. They look a little alike
Interviewer:  Mhmm
299:  but eh I've always thought of them as the same thing.
Interviewer:  Yeah what sort of fish do you get around here?
299:  You mean like the bass or the or the catfish and I'm I'm not familiar with fish much. Perch.
Interviewer:  yeah
299:  But fishing is one thing I don't know anything about.
Interviewer:  Say if if you were gonna go fishing what what would you you put on your your hook when you go fishing?
299:  A worm or bait.
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Worm or a bait fishing bait.
Interviewer:  Okay um when you say bait do you refer to worms or?
299:  Or it could be just it could even be a a bread or dough #1 or anything #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah #
299:  I guess I've heard of people fishing with biscuit dough.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of different types of worms being used?
299:  Mm-hmm these little these long red worms and then uh I think they use these what we call brug worms.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm those little white?
299:  Uh-huh, the little bit short white worms. And I don't know what else.
Interviewer:  What about a kind of fish used for bait?
299:  Minnows
Interviewer:  Okay and um the thing that perals grow in?
299:  Oysters
Interviewer:  Okay and um something that that grows in well doesn't grow lives in the um in the ocean or gulf that the little sea animal that it's got a real thin sort of transparent shell to it and um well you know you could and you sort of peel it off and uh
299:  Oh shrimp or clam or
Interviewer:  Say say if you wanted to buy some you'd ask for a couple pounds of?
299:  Shrimp
Interviewer:  Okay and um what about something that you might find in the in a stream say if you lifted up a rock or something its got little claws?
299:  Crawfish
Interviewer:  Okay and um something that you might um hear making a noise around the lake at night?
299:  Well uh bull frogs or uh well uh bull frogs.
Interviewer:  Okay what about the smaller kind?
299:  Well these little tree frogs you hear them in the trees at night.
Interviewer:  Okay and um the thing that that hops around on land?
299:  A toad we call 'em. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay and um the hard shelled thing that can pull its neck and legs into its shell?
299:  Oh well a terrapin or a turtle.
Interviewer:  What's the difference?
299:  Well uh to me a terrapin is these little tiny {NS} kind and a turtle is a great big
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
299:  mm
Interviewer:  Where?
299:  Terrapin's may be found sorta on dry land or in the woods or anywhere turtles are usually found around ponds and lakes and things I know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and um the kind of insect that might be flying around the light say a if you left a porch light on?
299:  Candle flies I call it.
Interviewer:  Okay and um something that would get in your clothes wool clothes?
299:  Moths
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Moths
Interviewer:  Okay and um talking about just just one of these you talk about a?
299:  Moth
Interviewer:  Okay and um something that flies around its got a little light in its tail?
299:  Uh lightning bug
Interviewer:  Okay and um any other name for him?
299:  Well I think they call 'em fireflies down south.
Interviewer:  Okay but around here you'd say?
299:  Lightning bug
Interviewer:  Okay and um the insect that that you might see around the well around damp places usually a lake or some place that its got two pairs of wings to it?
299:  Uh we call 'em snake doctors.
Interviewer:  Okay have you ever heard any stories about them that I mean that?
299:  They always claim that uh wherever you see them there're snakes around. I mean there's and the snakes it I've always as a child I thought they really doctored the snakes #1 if if #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah #
299:  a snake was hurt or anything that they actually doctored 'em.
Interviewer:  Huh
299:  But that's just something I assumed or heard.
Interviewer:  You think this you think that's true that?
299:  No
Interviewer:  Not that they doctored 'em but that that they're a sign that snakes are near?
299:  I I don't really think so but I still have that feeling. {NW} No I don't really think so.
Interviewer:  What kind of insects will sting you?
299:  Oh wasp or bumble bees or sweat bees or honey bees or I guess that's all I #1 can think of. #
Interviewer:  #2 What about something that has a # nest sort of on the ground?
299:  Hornets
Interviewer:  Okay
299:  Or
Interviewer:  What's what's their nest like?
299:  Or these uh yellow jackets.
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  Hornets so they usually hang from a bush.
Interviewer:  Mhmm
299:  Just in a sorta in a mm sorta in a hive looking thing.
Interviewer:  What about um those those things that you might find a nest hanging from a barn #1 you call those? #
299:  #2 Oh #
Interviewer:  #1 #
299:  #2 # those uh dirt dauber nests or uh
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  dirt daubers.
Interviewer:  What's is that made out of?
299:  It's made out of dirt.
Interviewer:  Uh huh what about and something um uh I think that you just mentioned um that well just bigger thing not a hornet but uh?
299:  A yellow jacket
Interviewer:  Uh huh something um what about something that's well it it builds sort of a nest type thing hanging down from some place.
299:  You're not talking about a wasp?
Interviewer:  Yeah you'd you'd talk about several? #1 Say there's #
299:  #2 wasps #
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Wasps
Interviewer:  Okay and um do dirt daubers sting you?
299:  I've never had one to tell you as far as I know. I don't think they would.
Interviewer:  Okay what about something that that'll fly around at night and bite you? And they make you itch. Kinda like sting you
299:  Oh gnats gnats bother you at night.
Interviewer:  What if like that?
299:  Oh mosquitoes is it what?
Interviewer:  Yeah and something that might get in your skin if you went like
299:  Chiggers chiggers chiggers
Interviewer:  Okay and um an insect that hops around in the grass?
299:  Grasshopper
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard those called hoppergrass?
299:  No I haven't.
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if you haven't cleaned uh {NW} a room in awhile up in the ceiling you might find a #1 what? #
299:  #2 uh # spiders or a
Interviewer:  Okay but the thing that would be stretched across the?
299:  Spiderweb
Interviewer:  Okay would this and something like that that would be outside maybe over a bush?
299:  Well it'd be spiderwebs out there too.
Interviewer:  Okay um would you any other names for it if it's in the house? Like say if it doesn't have a spider?
299:  Cobweb maybe
Interviewer:  Okay is that would but would you refer to what do you mean by cobweb I mean is that?
299:  It's actually a spider's nest I mean a ne- a spider web
Interviewer:  Uh huh does it have a spider in it?
299:  It doesn't always but it's usually he's usually the one that makes it a-
Interviewer:  Yeah would you talk about the thing outside being a cobweb?
299:  I don't know if you would or not I don't know.
Interviewer:  Okay and the part of the tree that grows underneath the ground? Those are called?
299:  The root the root
Interviewer:  Okay and did you ever hear of any kinds of roots or vines being used for medicine?
299:  Uh huh herb herbs or
Interviewer:  Do you remember what name some of them were?
299:  Uh well sassafras is the makes sassfras tea out of it it's supposed to be good just for your blood I guess. And uh I think uh ginseng is sold for medicine and uh and uh may apple root.
Interviewer:  What's may apple?
299:  Well you know they grow out in the woods and they got like a little umbrella and they have a little white bloom on 'em underneath that little umbrella and the root uh people sell it I think.
Interviewer:  Do you know what it's used for?
299:  No I don't just a medicine I think or a herb. Just sorta like uh ginseng or something like that. But I don't really know you know just what.
Interviewer:  Yeah um what are some of the trees that you have around here?
299:  Well we have a hickory walnut uh sycamore and uh {NW} maple oak {NS} {X} that's about all that I can think of {NS} right now.
Interviewer:  What what do you call the the kind of maple that you you tap for syrup?
299:  Sugar maple I believe.
Interviewer:  Okay and what if you had a group of these growing together? What would you call that?
299:  It would be a grove maple grove.
Interviewer:  Okay and uh the kind of tree that George Washington {NW} #1 The kind of tree #
299:  #2 Cherry # tree.
Interviewer:  What?
299:  Cherry
Interviewer:  Okay and um this is kind of a shrub or bush that its got um I'm not sure exactly how to describe it. Its leaves turn bright red in the fall and its got a little its got clusters of berries on it. And its little thing at the top sorta
299:  You mean a holly?
Interviewer:  No if the leaves turn red in the fall and it it just has a little bushy top to it. You might find it growing on a hillside or growing near a fence or something like that. Just some of the what are some of the the bushes or shrubs that just grow
299:  You're not talking about your pope pope berries are you or?
Interviewer:  Okay what
299:  Sumac
Interviewer:  Oh the what?
299:  Sumac
Interviewer:  Okay that's different from the pope?
299:  I think it is but I think it's the sumac or something that has berries on it.
Interviewer:  Yeah is that um what kind of bushes or or vines will make your skin break out if you touch 'em?
299:  Oh poison oak
Interviewer:  Okay anything else?
299:  Well they call it poison ivy too I mean it's the same thing isn't?
Interviewer:  What what does it look like?
299:  It's got uh three leaves
Interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  three it's a three leaf thing.
Interviewer:  Is this the poison oak or poison ivy or they?
299:  It's the same I call it. I call them the same thing I don't really know if there's a difference or not.
Interviewer:  Okay and um kind of berries that that you have around here?
299:  Uh you mean {NW} what type of berries you mean like black berries?
Interviewer:  Yeah {NW}
299:  Uh blackberries is the main thing that I know of.
Interviewer:  Uh huh what about something that is even more like um grown in a garden what kind of berries?
299:  Strawberries
Interviewer:  Okay and the kind of um berries that that have rough surfaces? Some of 'em are red and some are black.
299:  You're not talking about raspberries or?
Interviewer:  Okay um have you ever heard any special names for these?
299:  No I haven't.
Interviewer:  Okay and what about say if you were walking in the woods or something and you saw some berries and you didn't know what kind they were you might tell someone you better not eat those they might be?
299:  Poison
Interviewer:  Okay and um {NW} what about a a tall bush that it has clusters of {NW} clusters of pink and white flowers on it? And it blooms in late spring.
299:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of of laurel or mountain laurel?
299:  Oh we don't have that here I don't believe. I've heard of it I mean only in books and things but I don't believe we've got it.
Interviewer:  Yeah you ever heard of rhodo rhododendron?
299:  I've heard of it up in the mountains it's more up in east Tennessee or something but not here I don't believe.
Interviewer:  Okay um and a large flowering tree thats got shiny green leaves to it and these big white flowers?
299:  Magnolia I call it.
Interviewer:  Okay is that have you ever heard of cowcumber or cucumber tree?
299:  No I haven't.
Interviewer:  Okay um and say if uh say if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something she'd say well I have to ask?
299:  My husband
Interviewer:  Okay any other ways she might refer to him? Maybe joking ways or anything.
299:  The old man. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay and um he would say I have to ask?
299:  My wife or the the boss. {NW}
Interviewer:  OKay and um a woman who's lost her husband is called a?
299:  Widow
Interviewer:  Okay and if he just left her then she'd be a?
299:  Divorcee
Interviewer:  Okay any other name?
299:  {NW} Grass widow
Interviewer:  Okay and um the man whose child you are is called your?
299:  Father or daddy
Interviewer:  Okay and um what did you call him ususally?
299:  Daddy usually
Interviewer:  Any thing else people would?
299:  Papa or pappy or {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay #1 and uh #
299:  #2 Pa #
Interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Or pa
Interviewer:  Okay and his wife would be called your?
299:  Mother or mama
Interviewer:  Okay and um together they'd be your?
299:  Parents
Interviewer:  Okay and um your fathers father was your?
299:  Grandfather
Interviewer:  Okay #1 what would #
299:  #2 or grandaddy #
Interviewer:  #1 #
299:  #2 #
Interviewer:  What did people call him?
299:  You mean?
Interviewer:  What names do people have for their grandfather?
299:  Like grand daddy or grandfather or big daddy or
Interviewer:  Okay um and his wife would be your?
299:  Grandmother grand mama grandma
Interviewer:  Okay you ever heard big mama?
299:  Yeah big mama yeah a lot of 'em do that call 'em that.
Interviewer:  Who says that is the meaning special?
299:  I can't think of anybody special but I've heard say big mama a lot.
Interviewer:  Yeah um you'd say I was the youngest of five?
299:  Kids
Interviewer:  Okay any other?
299:  Children
Interviewer:  Okay and um something on wheels that you can put a baby in it it'll lie down?
299:  You mean like a a buggy or uh carriage.
Interviewer:  Okay are they they have that hood over
299:  Uh huh
Interviewer:  sorta thing?
299:  Uh huh
Interviewer:  Is buggy and carriages the same thing?
299:  I think so.
Interviewer:  Okay say um you you put the baby in the buggy and then you go out and what the baby?
299:  Uh some people call it take 'em strolling or something but I don't know.
Interviewer:  Okay um and you say you might have a son or a?
299:  Daughter
Interviewer:  Okay or a boy and a?
299:  Girl
Interviewer:  Okay and a woman was gonna have a child you'd say she's?
299:  Pregnant or expecting
Interviewer:  Okay would that was that word pregnant nice to use when you were growing up?
299:  Oh no you didn't say pregnant. You didn't even say expecting. You just didn't say. {NW} My grandmother'd say she's {D: that black} {NW}
Interviewer:  That sounds really funny.
299:  {D: Yeah they}
Interviewer:  Well that's just like her.
299:  {NW} They just didn't talk about it usually. {NW}
Interviewer:  What um {NW} were there any sorta funny expressions you'd ever heard or to refer to a woman being pregnant? Like say she she's swallowed a pumpkin seed or she
299:  Yeah I've heard that but all
Interviewer:  rub her foot or anything?
299:  Or she ate too much or something or something like that but I couldn't tell you any special incidents.
Interviewer:  Say um if you didn't have a a doctor to deliever a baby you might send for this woman?
299:  Midwife
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if a boy has a and his father has the same appearance you know that the boy has the same the same color hair and the same shaped nose and everything you say'd that the boy?
299:  Resembles his daddy.
Interviewer:  Okay what if um what if he doesn't what if he has the same behavior the same mannerisms?
299:  So they act just alike.
Interviewer:  Okay and what say if if um if his father was just sorta no good and and had bad habits you know and as the son got older it looked like the son was was gonna turn out to be the same how would you say that?
299:  Like father like son
Interviewer:  Okay um and um say if a mother's looked after three children until they're all grown up you'd say that she's what three children?
299:  She's reared or raised three children.
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if the child was misbehavin you might tell 'em now if you do that again you're gonna get a?
299:  Whooping
Interviewer:  Okay what is
299:  Or whipping really
Interviewer:  How um if you use different terms to say if you're talking to a say four or five year old kid would you say the same thing that you'd say to a say
299:  Or some of it call it a thrashing uh yeah some it's only who's doing the talking usually they would.
Interviewer:  Well people
299:  Spanking really
Interviewer:  people talk to say a four year old and say give him a thrashing or would you does
299:  They usually say give you a spanking.
Interviewer:  Okay and say what about um say one boy might say to another would
299:  Uh you mean like um knock you down or?
Interviewer:  Yeah would would they say whip you or thrash you or?
299:  No they'd say whipping I'm gonna I'm gonna whip you or I'm gonna whoop you or I'm gonna knock you down or.
Interviewer:  Okay um say if if Bob is five inches taller
interviewer:  Okay um we was talking about say if Bob was is five inches taller this year you'd say Bob what a lot in one year?
299:  Growed a lot
interviewer:  Okay and you'd you'd tell him you certainly have?
299:  Growed I'd say.
interviewer:  Okay and you say he came up so fast you could almost see him? {C: tape noise}
299:  Grow
interviewer:  Okay and um {NW} what would you call a a child that's born to a woman that's not married?
299:  Illegitimate
interviewer:  Okay any other names?
299:  Well I think I've heard people say bastard. {C: laughing}
interviewer:  Okay
299:  But I I don't say that. {C: tape noise} {NW}
interviewer:  Anything else? {overlaid}
299:  I can't think of anything right now.
interviewer:  You ever heard woods cult or bush child or anything?
299:  I don't believe so.
interviewer:  Okay um and your brother's son would be your?
299:  Nephew
interviewer:  Okay and a child that's lost both parents? {C: tape noise}
299:  Is a orphanen.
interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Orphan
interviewer:  Okay and what if he's he grew up in an institution?
299:  An orphan's home
interviewer:  Okay would you call him orphan house child or any different word like that?
299:  No I wouldn't I mean I don't think of anything else myself.
interviewer:  Okay and um a person appointed to look after the orphan would be called his?
299:  Is it foster parent's #1 or gaurdian. #
interviewer:  #2 Okay # okay and um say if you have a lot of cousins and aunts and uncles and everything living in this town you'd say this town is full of my?
299:  Kinfolk
interviewer:  Okay and um you say well she has the same family name that I do and she looks a little bit like me but actually we're no?
299:  Kin
interviewer:  Okay and sombody who comes into town and nobody's ever seen 'em before?
299:  Stranger
interviewer:  Okay any other name?
299:  Newcomer {NW}
interviewer:  Okay what if the person comes from a different country?
299:  Foreigner
interviewer:  Okay would you use that word foreigner does that does foreigner have to come from another country?
299:  Not necessarily we sometimes I say foreigner when they just not it from this {C: tape noise} section.
interviewer:  Okay and um these are some {NW} common um names um the name of the mother of Jesus?
299:  Oh Mary
interviewer:  Okay and George Washington's wife?
299:  Mary
interviewer:  Okay
299:  Martha
interviewer:  Okay or John Mitchell's wife? Um and a nickname for Helen? Starting with a N. Or did you ever hear of the song {NW} wait 'til the sun shine?
299:  Nellie
interviewer:  Okay
299:  I didn't realize that was a nickname. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  And um {overlaid} a nickname for a boy named William?
299:  Bill
interviewer:  Okay or any anything else?
299:  Or Billy
interviewer:  Okay and um the first book of the New Testament?
299:  Matthew
interviewer:  Okay and a woman who conducts school is called a?
299:  Teacher
interviewer:  Okay any old fashioned names? You ever hear school marm?
299:  Well I've heard of that on you know TV programs or something just you know old programs. {overlaid}
interviewer:  Okay and um this is a a family name it's it's the name of a barrel maker.
299:  You mean uh you don't mean undertaker or
interviewer:  No you ever heard of the um are you familiar with the family with the last name copper or cuper? {C: tape noise}
299:  Yeah we call 'em coopers
interviewer:  Okay and a married woman by that name would be?
299:  Ms. Cooper
interviewer:  Okay and um say a a preacher that's not very well trained in doesn't have a regular pole but just sorta
299:  Jackleg
interviewer:  {NW} Okay what does that word mean to you? {C: tape noise} How do you use it?
299:  Well usually they're kinda {C: tape noise} uneducated uh {X} {Overlaid} I don't know just just not a regular preacher maybe. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Yeah how else would you use the word I mean would you talk about jackleg carpenter or?
299:  #1 Yeah you would #
interviewer:  #2 {X} #
299:  uh huh jackleg carpenter more than uh more than anything else. {C: tape noise} Jackleg preacher and jackleg carpenter is {C: tape noise} is m- main things I think of.
interviewer:  Okay you ever hear shade tree? {C: tape noise}
299:  Yeah just like the shade trees in the yard?
interviewer:  Yeah or like shade tree preacher or shade tree mechanic? {overlaid}
299:  I think I've heard of shade tree mechanics but I don't believe I've ever hearad of shade tree preacher.
interviewer:  What did shade tree mechanic {C: tape noise} mean? {C: tape noise} Does it is
299:  Well I'd say they kinda lazy.
interviewer:  Okay and um what relation would my mother's sister be to me? {C: tape noise}
299:  Oh your aunt.
interviewer:  Okay and um the name of the wife of Abraham? {C: tape noise}
299:  Sarah
interviewer:  Okay and um say uh a boy named Bill his full name would be?
299:  William
interviewer:  Okay and if your father had a brother by that name by the full name you call him?
299:  Uncle William
interviewer:  Okay and um Ken President Kennedy's first name was?
299:  Jack
interviewer:  Okay um and the the um last of the four gospels in the Bible?
299:  John
interviewer:  Okay and if your father had a brother by that name he'd be your?
299:  Uncle John
interviewer:  Okay and um the highest rank in the army?
299:  Is it sergent or
interviewer:  Okay
299:  Corporal
interviewer:  Okay what about higher up than that though? Say Robert E Lee was a?
299:  Major General
interviewer:  Okay and um say the the man who would use Kentucky Fried Chicken? {C: tape noise}
299:  Colonel Sanders
interviewer:  And um what do you what do you call a man in charge of a ship?
299:  Captain
interviewer:  Okay do you ever hear the that word used in any other situation? Like um colored people talking to white people that they worked for or something like that?
299:  No I never really have.
interviewer:  Have there been many color people in this area?
299:  Well {C: tape noise} I don't think there's any hardly at all down in this section but up uh near Grice's Creek more over on {C: tape noise} {overlaid} uh {C: tape noise} like uh {C: tape noise} not too far from Grice's Creek there's a {C: tape noise} a Keyser Ridge {C: tape noise} and then there's Ellis Mills that's has lots of colored people. And uh {C: tape noise} so all my life see I've been {C: tape noise} uh well pretty close to 'em out in that section but there's none in this section right here. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  You think they're be any up there that I could talk to? That were born here and grew up here or?
299:  Uh I would think so out on that uh out on that Keyser Ridge I I just believe there might be. {overlaid} And uh {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} you might check with someone in Erin but you know they might could tell you somebody for sure that {C: tape noise} um you might get in touch with this Francis {Beep} from out on Keyser Ridge. {overlaid} And I imagine she's got a phone in the uh and she's probably got a name in the phone directory. {overlaid}
interviewer:  Francis {Beep} how do you spell that? {beep} okay
299:  And if she if she doesn't have the time for this interview and all she might know somebody that's older that would have time.
interviewer:  Huh okay I'll try that. Um what different ways of referring to colored people have you heard?
299:  Well course round here people say a lot of 'em say niggers. And they say course nig a nig negro a lot of 'em say and I guess I think the proper way is negro isn't?
interviewer:  Mhmm
299:  But then uh and then black. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Is that the like the word black does that sound to you sorta of a more recent?
299:  It is yeah it just started recently I don't think uh back uh say when I was growing up or anything I you never heard 'em referred to as black. {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  What you hear 'em then {x}
299:  Darkies you know if people they used to say darkies a lot. Now in in a {C: tape noise} older people say like my grandaddy and people {C: tape noise} uh they they and then uh well uh {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} oh I don't know what you'd call him he was uh {C: tape noise} kin my grandaddy this man and he would always talk about the darkies over on uh Keyser Ridge. And uh a lot of them worked at his saw mill and uh. So really they called 'em darkies a lot.
interviewer:  Mhmm
299:  But they never I never heard 'em referred to as black.
interviewer:  Any sort of joking words or {overlaid} that white people would use?
299:  Well don'ts seems like I've heard they say what is it jigs or coons I think.
interviewer:  I've heard that {overlaid} okay you say um but you or me wouldn't be called black we'd be?
299:  What now?
interviewer:  What how would you refer to your own race?
299:  White
interviewer:  Okay any other words for that?
299:  Caucasian I believe or
interviewer:  Okay what about uh someone who's one parent's black and the other parent's white? Would you have a name for that?
299:  Mulatto I've heard it or read you know. Or don't they call 'em mulattos or mulattas. {overlaid} {overlaid} You don't call them half breeds {C: tape noise} do ya that's Indians. {NW} I don't know other than that.
interviewer:  I think I've heard mulatto. {C: tape noise}
299:  Uh huh
interviewer:  Um what about would you know um this would be well you know a long long time ago but um any words that negros would use for white people they worked for?
299:  Master I think would have been one of the main things
interviewer:  Okay anything else?
299:  Just maybe mister. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay um and um a person who presides over a county court would be called a?
299:  Judge
interviewer:  Okay and someone who goes to school?
299:  Student or pupil
interviewer:  With what's the difference? Well okay say if you were talking about college what would you say?
299:  Student I I think of student as being either high school or college and I think of pupil as being elementary you know. {overlaid}
interviewer:  Okay {C: tape noise} and um say a man on the stage would be an actor a woman would be a?
299:  Actress
interviewer:  Okay and um {NW} say if have some white people who aren't very well off who haven't have a chance at education and so forth but they don't much seem to care you know they just sort of lazy.
299:  Well some people call 'em white trash.
interviewer:  Okay
299:  Or poor whites.
interviewer:  Okay um and what about someone who lives out in the country and doesn't get into town much when he does go into town everybody notices him and?
299:  Well like a country hunk or a hillbilly or
interviewer:  Okay
299:  I'm guessing.
interviewer:  And uh what about {C: tape noise} {overlaid} say are you familiar with any other terms like that? Referring to you know different types of people.
299:  Well if uh say a city dude {NW} uh that's what we used to say he's a city dude. But I can't think of anything else. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  You ever heard hoosier?
299:  No
interviewer:  Hoosier {overlaid} hoosier
299:  No not really I don't think I have.
interviewer:  Okay um and say if if you were at a party and you looked at your watch and saw it was around eleven thirty or so you say um well we be we'd better be getting home it's what midnight it's?
299:  You mean it's nearly midnight or
interviewer:  Okay would you say something like you know nyon to midnight or pretty near midnight?
299:  {overlaid} I say pretty near uh midnight a lot of times but I never say uh near on.
interviewer:  Okay and um say if you were say if it was icy outside and you were walking and you say well it is really slippery out there I didn't actually fall fall down but a couple of times I like?
299:  Like a sled down
interviewer:  Okay and um say someone was waiting for you to get ready and calls out and asks you if you will be ready soon you might say well I'll be with you in?
299:  I'll be ready in a minute.
interviewer:  Okay or in ju- just?
299:  Just a little while
interviewer:  Okay and um say if you you're going to Nashville or some place and you know you are on the headed in the right direction but you're not sure of the distance you might ask someone how?
299:  How far is it?
interviewer:  Okay and um say if you wanted to know how many times say I went into town you might ask me how? What do you go into town? How?
299:  How often do you go to town.
interviewer:  Okay and um say if um {overlaid} if I offered you a choice of two things and asked you which one you wanted and it didn't make any difference to you might say uh it doesn't matter just give me?
299:  Whichever you
interviewer:  Okay or just give me what one just give me?
299:  Either one
interviewer:  Okay and um this part of my head is called my?
299:  Forehead
interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Forehead
interviewer:  Okay and um this is my?
299:  Hair
interviewer:  Okay and say if a if a man hadn't shaved in awhile he'd be growing a?
299:  Beard or whiskers {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay and this is my?
299:  Ear
interviewer:  Which one?
299:  Your right ear
interviewer:  Okay and this is? The other one?
299:  Left ear
interviewer:  Okay and this is my?
299:  Lips
interviewer:  Or the whole thing is the?
299:  Mouth
interviewer:  Okay and this?
299:  Your neck
interviewer:  Okay and
299:  Uh esophagus
interviewer:  Okay or just a more common?
299:  Throat
interviewer:  Okay {C: tape noise} what about this thing here?
299:  Adam's apple {NW}
interviewer:  Okay have you ever heard any other word for that?
299:  Goozle or {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  What does that mean goozle?
299:  That's really sorta your throat or that {overlaid}
interviewer:  Which what does it mean? I mean does it mean the throat or the adam's apple or just what?
299:  I think of it as just the whole throat you know you say uh that like to of gone down my goozle. {NW} I don't know of anything else.
interviewer:  Okay and um {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} you say you'd you go to the dentist to have the dentist look at your?
299:  Teeth
interviewer:  Okay and you might say he needs to fill that?
299:  Tooth
interviewer:  Okay and the flesh around your teeth is called the?
299:  Gums
interviewer:  Okay and this part?
299:  Palm of your hand
interviewer:  Okay and um these are my two?
299:  Hands
interviewer:  Okay and this is one?
299:  Fist
interviewer:  Or two?
299:  Fist
interviewer:  Okay and any place where the bones come together is called a?
299:  Joint
interviewer:  Okay and on a man this part is the?
299:  Chest
interviewer:  Okay and these are my?
299:  Shoulders
interviewer:  Okay and um this is the? Well the whole thing?
299:  Your leg
interviewer:  Okay and this is my?
299:  You mean your foot.
interviewer:  Okay and I have two?
299:  Feet
interviewer:  Okay and um this real sensitive bone right here?
299:  Uh
interviewer:  Say maybe you you stumble over a box in the dark and bruise your?
299:  Shin is what
interviewer:  Okay and um say if if I got down in this position you'd say I?
299:  Squatted
interviewer:  Okay any other word for that? {NW} Have you ever heard down on your hunkers or?
299:  Yeah I've heard of that uh huh hunker down.
interviewer:  Does that mean the same thing to you?
299:  Yeah
interviewer:  As squat?
299:  Yeah it does.
interviewer:  Okay {overlaid} but would you say down on your hunkers?
299:  You could but I I don't ever {C: tape noise} I usually say squat all the time.
interviewer:  Okay and um say someone had been sick for awhile you say well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit?
299:  Peak-ed
interviewer:  Okay and um say someone who's in in real good shape and can lift heavy weights and so fourth you say that he's?
299:  Strong or uh muscle man
interviewer:  Okay any any other word you might use? Say you say um someone very athletic who's is very
299:  Active or
interviewer:  Okay would you use the word stout?
299:  Yeah I would but I just didn't think of it.
interviewer:  What what does that word mean? Um what do you
299:  Strong stout {overlaid} to me stout means strong and I say stout a lot.
interviewer:  Okay um would you use that word stout talking about butter that was turning bad? {C: tape noise} {overlaid} Say the butter was getting stout?
299:  You could and I think I've heard it but I never do really think of it you know. I usually think of that as more of getting rank or something like that {C: tape noise} you know. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Yeah that the word stout at least the way I picture it you know I think stout as being sort of heavy or fat.
299:  Mhmm
interviewer:  Is that what you picture? Or do you picture it meaning the same as stong?
299:  I think of the strong when you say stout.
interviewer:  Okay and um say someone who's real easy to get along with you'd say that that person is very?
299:  Easygoing
interviewer:  Okay any other words?
299:  Agreeable or um
interviewer:  You say clever or admirable or pleasant or?
299:  Pleasant but the others don't come to me very
interviewer:  Yeah what's something would you say those same words about a horse maybe or some other animal?
299:  Clever I've heard animals being clever.
interviewer:  Uh huh but what about meaning that they are easy to get along with? {overlaid}
299:  Tame I think of {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay would you say good natured?
299:  Good natured yeah. That's a good I mean usually with animals you think of a good natured animal mhmm.
interviewer:  Okay and um say someone like a teenaged boy that just seems to be all arms and legs you say that he's?
299:  Gawky {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Gawky
interviewer:  Okay any other words? #1 Say if #
299:  #2 awkward or #
interviewer:  #1 #
299:  #2 # he could be awkward or {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay {overlaid} say someone who just keeps on doing things that just don't make any sense you'd say that that person's just a plain?
299:  Idiot
interviewer:  Okay would you use another word? Do you say the word fool?
299:  Well I don't ever {NW} you could. Ya a lot of people do but I'd still never use the word fool.
interviewer:  Is that {overlaid} is that I mean is that
299:  That's another bad word {C: tape noise} {NW} {overlaid}
interviewer:  The word bull
299:  Yeah bull and fool we just didn't get to use those words. {NW}
interviewer:  Okay um say someone who never has a lot of money but just {C: tape noise} never spends a cent? {C: tape noise}
299:  Tight wad
interviewer:  Okay and um when you use the word common about a person what does it mean?
299:  Well uh when we think of common and we use common a lot it means low down.
interviewer:  Mhmm
299:  Uh mean or {C: tape noise} {D: trash} {overlaid} mhmm that's one thing.
interviewer:  Just sorta like white trash {C: tape noise}
299:  Uh huh no good just
interviewer:  Yeah
299:  Uh huh
interviewer:  When you use it about a girl does it mean any special?
299:  Yeah {C: tape noise} it means she's trash no good.
interviewer:  But does it have more of a sexual meaning or?
299:  Yeah it usually would. It means that she's done all there's to do. {NW}
interviewer:  Okay and um say that you talking about an old person maybe around eighties still does his farm work and you know still gets around real well for his age you'd say say that he's quite?
299:  Active or uh I I couldn't think of the word.{C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay what about spry or pert
299:  Yeah uh spry. Spry is what I think of um
interviewer:  Okay but it's would you use that word about children? But does that sound funny? {overlaid}
299:  Well yeah spry I would. I don't know is I was ever I I don't usually I I usually say uh {overlaid} oh {overlaid} I said it today that. Well I can't think what I am used to but. Live wire that's what I call kids.
interviewer:  Live wire?
299:  Yeah instead of uh saying they're peppy or
interviewer:  Yeah and all that I say live wire. {C: tape noise} {NW} I never really heard that so I guess that {C: tape noise}
299:  When they are just into everything you know and just
interviewer:  Yeah
299:  never stop they're live wire. {C: tape noise} {NW}
interviewer:  Okay and say um say your children are {X} usually say well I don't suppose there's anything wrong but still I can't help feeling a little?
299:  Worried
interviewer:  Okay or a little
299:  Concerned or
interviewer:  Okay you say you wouldn't feel easy about it you'd say you felt?
299:  Uneasy
interviewer:  Okay and um you might say well I'm not going upstairs in the dark I'm?
299:  Afraid
interviewer:  Okay and um you know there's say when you use the word afraid do you think of that as being sort of a a temporary thing you know just sudden or do you think of that as being well
299:  Well in other words scared
interviewer:  Yeah
299:  means uh scared is when it to me it's sudden.
interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  Afraid it could mean something that {C: tape noise} with you all the time. Uh huh scared to me is something that all the sudden scares you you know. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay and um you know that song the old gray mare she ain't what she?
299:  Used to be
interviewer:  Okay and um using that expression used to be um you say well I don't understand why she is afraid now she?
299:  Didn't used to be.
interviewer:  Okay and um someone who leaves a lot of money on the table and then goes out and doesn't even bother to lock the door? #1 You'd say? #
299:  #2 Careless #
interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Careless
interviewer:  Okay and um you say there is nothing really wrong with Aunt Lindy but sometimes she acts kind of? {C: tape noise}
299:  Queer or senile or
interviewer:  Okay {C: tape noise}
299:  odd.
interviewer:  Does that word queer do you what does that mean exactly? {C: tape noise}
299:  Well it used to mean anything {C: tape noise} but nowaday {NW} if you are queer you're {C: laughing} that has a sexual meaning now. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay but you remember your your parents {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} use that word or? {C: tape noise}
299:  Yeah they use it {C: tape noise} but never never in the sense that it is used today.
interviewer:  Would you ever back then would you ever use the word as a noun {C: tape noise} would you ever say so and so was a queer? {C: tape noise} Or would you just use it {C: tape noise}
299:  No you'd always use it as the
interviewer:  #1 adjective #
299:  #2 adjective uh huh # as a queer person or that queer.
interviewer:  Okay and um say someone who was real sure of his own ways and {C: tape noise} never wants to change and so there's no use arguing with him you know you tell him?
299:  They're hard-headed bull-headed or stubborn or set in their ways. {C: laughing} {NW}
interviewer:  Okay and um somebody that you can't joke with without him losing his temper? You say that he was? {C: tape noise} {overlaid}
299:  High tempered
interviewer:  Okay and um say that there's one subject that you can't really discuss with and you'd say {overlaid} don't mention that to him on on that issue he's still awfully? He'll get mad real easy if you say something he's still awfully what? Would you say touchous or testy or fiesty or
299:  I'd say touchous
interviewer:  Okay
299:  but I just didn't think of it. {NS}
interviewer:  Okay and say you might say well I was just kidding him I didn't know he'd get so?
299:  Mad
interviewer:  Okay and um someone who is about to lose his temper you tell him to just?
299:  Hold your temper and don't get mad.
interviewer:  Okay or just keep?
299:  Keep cool
interviewer:  Okay and um say if you'd {overlaid} you'd been working very hard you'd say that you were very?
299:  Tired
interviewer:  Okay any other words? {overlaid} What about if you were very very tired you'd say you were just completely?
299:  Wore out
interviewer:  Okay and um say if a person had been well and all the sudden you heard that the person had a some disease you might ask well well when did she?
299:  Get sick
interviewer:  Okay and um say if if a person had been outside and is was raining and then you came in and started sneezing and coughing and everything you'd say that he had?
299:  Uh caught a cold or uh
interviewer:  Okay and um it if if it affected his voice you'd say that he was?
299:  Horse
interviewer:  Okay and {C: tape noise} {NW} you do that you say you have a?
299:  Cough
interviewer:  Okay and um say if you got someone some medicine and you went in there and the medicine was still just right by his bed you might ask well why haven't you?
299:  Took any
interviewer:  Okay and you might say well I already?
299:  Took it
interviewer:  Okay and you say in another hour or so I'll?
299:  Take it
interviewer:  Okay and somebody who can't hear anything you'd say that they're?
299:  Hard of hearing
interviewer:  Okay or just completely?
299:  Deaf {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay did you ever hear deef?
299:  Yeah I have.
interviewer:  Who would say that?
299:  I don't know what {C: tape noise} my mother used to say deaf {C: pronunciation} deaf and dumb. {C: pronunciation} {NW} Cause I've heard older people say deaf {C: pronunciation} and dumb. {overlaid}
interviewer:  Okay say if a if a man had been out in the sun working you know {C: tape noise} he takes off his shirt and it's all wet he'd say look how much I?
299:  Sweated
interviewer:  Okay and um a sore that comes to a head?
299:  You mean a pimple or a boil.
interviewer:  Okay um any other what if it's got more than one core to it? Would you call it a boil then?
299:  Rising
interviewer:  Okay you ever hear carbuncle?
299:  Yeah I have
interviewer:  What is that?
299:  I think of them being on the back of your neck. {C: tape noise} That's a boil it's a boil or or rising as you call it on the back of your neck it's what I think of. {overlaid} But it could be that it could be other places. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Yeah {overlaid} What what do you call the stuff that comes out when the when it all goes?
299:  Corruption
interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Corruption
interviewer:  Okay and um in a blister what do you call that stuff?
299:  I call that uh {C: tape noise} water.
interviewer:  Okay and um you say a bee stung me and my hand what? My hand you say?
299:  Swelled
interviewer:  Okay and you say it's still pretty badly?
299:  Swelled I'd say.
interviewer:  Okay and you say if it's not infected it probably won't?
299:  Swell
interviewer:  Okay and um say if someone got shot or stabbed you'd say you'd you'd get a doctor to look at the?
299:  Well {NS} y- you you, a word like "wound."
interviewer:  Okay
299:  But I don't usually say wound I never do say it I don't know what I say. {NW} I never say I mean I just never do think of uh uh um {C: tape noise} you know a hurt place.
interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  I guess I call it a hurt place {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} does that
interviewer:  What about say I would use it say talking about the bullet wound. {C: tape noise} {overlaid} What what would you say there?
299:  I just don't really know because I just don't really I hardly ever say the word I don't ever say a wound I don't know. Because I just don't really know {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} You know it sounded more sophisticated uh huh it really did. {NS} You know in a to me a wound is something you studied in health book you never did actually say it yourself. {C: tape noise} {overlaid}
interviewer:  Huh I never really
299:  How to bandage a wo- wound {C: tape noise} you know we studied that in health {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  How to dress a wound.
299:  dress a wound {C: tape noise} uh huh and uh but we never did actually use the word wound. {C: tape noise} Something more sophisticated. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Yeah I think I just {C: tape noise} use the word myself in the expression bullet wound
299:  Uh huh
interviewer:  or something.
299:  Uh huh
interviewer:  I don't come to think of it I don't think I say it that much either.
299:  Sometimes you don't realize what you do say you know. {NW}
interviewer:  What if say if it if it dodn't heal clean if you had uh cut or wound or whatever you know it didn't heal back clean and and got this sorta white granulate substance?
299:  Infected or
interviewer:  Okay have you ever heard that called something that had to be cut out or burned out you ever heard of some some kind of flesh?
299:  Proud flesh
interviewer:  Uh huh what's that like?
299:  Well that's almost what happened to my jaw.
interviewer:  Really?
299:  See
interviewer:  Huh {overlaid}
299:  Uh see I had a abscess that came to a head on the outside and then uh mother carried me to the uh ol''' doctor {C: tape noise} in a in Erin you know. {C: tape noise} {NW} He lanced it {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Mhmm
299:  and then it didn't it didn't want to heal right almost all summer long {NS} then the {C: tape noise} inside flesh tried to {C: tape noise} you know tried to come out. And then it would try to heal but it had that proud flesh. {overlaid} So that's what sorta what it was.
interviewer:  Is it something sorta like that or that I got earlier.
299:  Yeah sorta in other words it looks like flesh from the inside.
interviewer:  Hmm
299:  Purtrudes out and then it it heals around and sorta makes a {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} that's what makes a scar more so than it would if it healed right. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  That?
299:  Yeah usually you do have it around your elbow. {C: tape noise} So that's proud flesh.
interviewer:  Have you heard about animal skinning? {overlaid} Someone who had a horse told me once about
299:  Had proud flesh I guess so but I don't know for sure.
interviewer:  Yeah um say if you had a little cut on your finger or somethin' you might put this brown liquid on that stings.
299:  Oh uh I iodine we used to call it "idane." {C: pronunciation}
interviewer:  Okay and what about a real white bitter powder that {Overlaid} a long time ago used to come in capsules and people take it for colds?
299:  Wasn't quinine was it?
interviewer:  Okay and um say say someone was shot and didn't recover you'd say that he?
299:  Died
interviewer:  Okay any nicer ways of saying that?
299:  Passed away
interviewer:  Okay any crude ways of saying that?
299:  Kicked the bucket {C: laughing} {NS}
interviewer:  Okay and um you say he's been dead a week and nobody's figured out yet what he died? {overlaid}
299:  With or of
interviewer:  Okay and um the place where people are buried?
299:  Graveyard
interviewer:  Okay
299:  or cemetary
interviewer:  Is that the that the same thing?
299:  Same thing but we all said graveyard {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Uh huh what about a a place out may maybe on someone's farm that just a few people like your great grandparents or someone you know buried out there just a small sort of family?
299:  Mhmm I bet family plot or just a graveyard's what I call it.
interviewer:  Okay and um the box that people are buried in?
299:  Well a casket or a coffin. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  What's the difference?
299:  To me there is no difference really. {overlaid}
interviewer:  Do you ever remember seeing the the real old fashioned ones made out of wood?
299:  Not without being covered now I do remember when almost all of 'em were covered with this ol' um oh {C: tape noise} {overlaid} what's stuff like couches used to be made out of that old uh {C: tape noise} material looking stuff you know. {overlaid} Nowadays most of them are steel or or you know of a heavy some kind of {overlaid} something. But I I remember most of 'em were just made out of covered with ju- they were wooden boxes just covered with uh either a pink or a blue you know material or old gray uh I don't know what I'm trying to say but like these old couches used to be made out of. Sort of plush looking thing. {NS} They scratch you like. {overlaid}
interviewer:  You don't mean some sort of velvet do you?
299:  No it is more like old couches if you remember couches used to be covered with um just a real rough scratchy {overlaid} like material. {overlaid} I I don't really know what you'd call it. {overlaid} But they used to uh couches used to be covered with that stuff. {overlaid} But I sure don't know what you'd call it. {NW}
interviewer:  Yeah say the ceremony?
299:  The funeral
interviewer:  Okay and if people dress in black you'd say that they're in?
299:  Mourning
interviewer:  Okay what if they just sort of completely lose control of themselves? Like just sort of go into hysteria.
299:  Go all to pieces or get hysterical.
interviewer:  Okay would you ever use the expression taking on carrying on?
299:  Carrying on I'd say. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay and um say on on an average sort of day if someone asked you how are feeling you'd say?
299:  I'd say alright some people say tolerable. {NW}
interviewer:  Okay and um say if someone {C: tape noise} {overlaid} was upset about something you might tell 'em oh it's gonna be alright just don't?
299:  Carry on or get upset or
interviewer:  Okay or um say if if your children were out late and your husband was getting a little upset about it you'd say? They'll get home just don't?
299:  Worry about it.
interviewer:  Okay and when you get old and and your joints start giving you trouble you call that?
299:  Rheumatism {C: tape noise} or arthritis
interviewer:  Okay and um {NW} {overlaid} this is a disease that well you'd children used to get it and die from it and except they don't hardly ever get it anymore?
299:  Well uh polio or uh
interviewer:  Something that
299:  #1 {D:Rickies} #
interviewer:  #2 they choke up # with.
299:  Oh diptheria {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay and um a disease where where your skin turns yellow? {overlaid}
299:  Uh is that yellow jaundice.
interviewer:  Okay you ever heard of that?
299:  I think I had a touch of it when I was a child.
interviewer:  Really?
299:  Well uh {C: tape noise} uh they say if you really had had it you don't get over it. {C: tape noise} Mine might have been a touch of the you know how small kids do have {C: tape noise} they just have slight cases of it.
interviewer:  Mhmm
299:  But I did have a light case and my eyes the whites of my eyes sorta turned yellow. And I don't know I don't know the difference in hepatitus and well hepatitus is when yellow jaundice goes into into a {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Yeah
299:  more serious case isn't?
interviewer:  I think I'm not real sure cause
299:  But I had a touch of somethin' when I was small and just the whites of my eyes sorta turned yellow but they say if you have a {C: tape noise} a real case of it you know you really are bothered most of your life. So I don't know if mine was very bad or not.
interviewer:  Huh um say when when you have a pain down here you say you have?
299:  Appendicitis
interviewer:  Okay do you remember what people used to call it before they new what it was and they'd die from? {overlaid}
299:  No I don't. You know uh old people used to say you's bilious all the time.
interviewer:  Meaning?
299:  Well used to anytime anybody was sick or dragging around or wasn't feeling good um they would be everybody was bilious. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Huh
299:  A bilious fever or bilious {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} so uh
interviewer:  Never heard of that.
299:  Yeah {C: tape noise} well uh in uh they had ol' doctor's book upstairs and it was a cure for bilious fever {NW} so
interviewer:  What was the cure?
299:  I forgot whatcha did {C: tape noise} you know give 'em uh {C: tape noise} salts or something. {C: laughing} {NW}
interviewer:  Say if someone ate something that didn't agree with them and it wouldn't stay down you'd say that he had to? {C: tape noise}
299:  Throw up or vomit run.
interviewer:  Okay any crude ways of saying?
299:  Puke {C: laughing}
interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Puke
interviewer:  Okay and if someone vomited you'd say that he was sick where? {overlaid}
299:  Sick at the stomach
interviewer:  Okay and um say if if a boy was spending a lot of time with a girl going over to her house and so fourth you'd say that he was?
299:  Courting her
interviewer:  Okay
299:  or sweet on her. {NW}
interviewer:  Both of those words are told during dating?
299:  gra- uh my grandmother u- sweet on her. {C: tape noise} {NW}
interviewer:  What would they say then that that he was he was her? {C: tape noise}
299:  My grandmother would say that he was her sweetheart {C: tape noise} but I'd say he he's her boyfriend.
interviewer:  Uh huh and she'd be his?
299:  Girlfriend {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay {overlaid} what would they say they were? {C: tape noise}
299:  Still a sweetheart say boy or girl either one of them would be sweethearts.
interviewer:  Okay do you use that word courting or how would you say that?
299:  Courting {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  You'd you still use the word courting?
299:  I do uh huh
interviewer:  Okay any other expressions like it?
299:  {overlaid} Dating
interviewer:  Okay and um say if a boy came home with lipstick on his collar? {overlaid} You'd say he'd probably been doing what?
299:  Kissing or I don't know petting.
interviewer:  Okay do you use the word um any old fashion word for kissing?
299:  Smooching {X}
interviewer:  Okay ever hear bussing or?
299:  Yeah I have heard of bussing that's an old word really though isn't?
interviewer:  Yeah I I think of it.
299:  Real old {overlaid}
interviewer:  Say if uh if the girl suddenly stops letting the boy come over to see her you'd say that she {overlaid} what?
299:  She's what do you mean quitting or mad at him or?
interviewer:  Okay and um say if he asked her to marry him but she?
299:  {C: tape noise} Turned him down.
interviewer:  Okay what if they if they were already in engaged maybe and all the sudden she?
299:  Broke the engagement {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay would you use that word turned him down for that or? Any other any other expressions?
299:  Well I've heard broke off the engagement.
interviewer:  Okay and um you say if she didn't turn him down you say they went ahead and got?
299:  Married
interviewer:  Okay any humorous ways of saying that?
299:  Hitched
interviewer:  Okay do you ever hear jump jumped the broomstick or?
299:  I don't know if I have or not uh.
interviewer:  Um and at a wedding the boy that stands up with the groom is called the?
299:  Best man
interviewer:  Okay and the woman that stands up with the bride?
299:  Maid of honor or {C: tape noise} bridesmaid.
interviewer:  Okay
299:  Or maid of honor is when she's married. {C: tape noise} Or bridesmaid is {X}
interviewer:  Yeah
299:  Wherever
interviewer:  I'm not sure. Do you remember um hearing about {NW} say well maybe they still do it I don't know but when people would in the community would get married other people would?
299:  Chivaree
interviewer:  Okay what was that like?
299:  We used to have those.
interviewer:  Really?
299:  You uh lots of times you surprised 'em they didn't actually know you's coming you just uh go to the house {C: tape noise} just everybody in the community {C: tape noise} young people usually well anybody {C: tape noise} you just um oh ganging their house at night. {C: tape noise} {overlaid} And uh they were supposed to have treats uh you know refreshments {C: tape noise} candy or something for you. And uh {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} if they didn't have they were supposed to uh do really do somethin' to 'em. And they did anyways lots of times {C: tape noise} and I've actually know 'em to ride 'em on a rail.
interviewer:  Really?
299:  They ride the boy on a rail and then throw him in the pond. {C: tape noise} {overlaid} Out in the pond and the water with his clothes on. {C: tape noise} And then they'd take the girl lots of times and ride her in a tub {C: tape noise} one of the wash tubs. And they've actually done that with {C: tape noise} since I've been {C: tape noise} big enough to remember.
interviewer:  Huh all this was just done in fun though.
299:  Yeah mmhmm yeah {C: tape noise} and usually they never did get mad I mean.
interviewer:  Yeah
299:  Uh huh but nowadays they don't if they even as I got older they they quit that throwing them in the pond but oh they have throwed them in when they have to break the ice {C: tape noise} in the winter time. Just think like fish. {C: tape noise} And back in the old uh you know olden days they really chivareed them just just really fixed 'em up {C: tape noise} good you know. It's just a trick and the good kind you know.
interviewer:  Was this just after they were married?
299:  Uh huh lots of it is near the time that they're married it's possible uh they liked to and it the more popular the couple was in the community {C: tape noise} the more app they was {C: tape noise} to be chivareed.
interviewer:  {NW}
299:  And uh so they yeah they just loved to catch them off {C: tape noise} guard you know. And then lots of times they actually advertised you know a certain night were gonna chivaree and let them know it's coming up. {C: tape noise} So there's been different types of chivarees really.
interviewer:  Huh none of them have ever ever met the people were mad or anything?
299:  Uh uh no it was just strickly in fun. The the better chivaree you had the better you were liked the more popular you are. {C: tape noise} {overlaid}
interviewer:  Um say if you were um had gone to to Chattanooga last weekend. I would just say that you say last week I was? What I'm interested in is you know the words up or down or over?
299:  Oh
interviewer:  How?
299:  I'd say I went up to Chattanooga.
interviewer:  Okay what about why would you say up? {overlaid} How do
299:  Well
interviewer:  you look at things like that?
299:  I've a {overlaid} I've never known for sure that I just look I look almost on everything as being north of us. {C: tape noise} You know like that. And most a lot of places I say up that they're not actually uh north of us. {C: tape noise} Because I don't even think Nashville is north of {C: tape noise} But I I believe Nashville is north. {C: tape noise} #1 Well either way #
interviewer:  #2 What do you say about Nashville? #
299:  I say up I went up to {C: tape noise} Nashville or.
interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  And the only places {C: tape noise} see I think of the map everytime I {C: tape noise} I think of a maps order.
interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  And I only think of everything that looks like it's hover uh {C: tape noise} as up. {C: tape noise} And then the {C: tape noise} everything that's down is either like Georiga Alabama Texas Florida.
interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  And uh {C: tape noise} everything else is up. And then course out home uh everything that up the road or down the road sorta went in the section of which way the qui- creek run. But the kids that would come to our house they would they always said the opposite of what we did. They'd say there there they go down the road and we'd say nah they're going up the road.
interviewer:  Which way was up to you?
299:  Uh
interviewer:  Flowing the way the creek did or the other way?
299:  To tell you the truth I wa- I was saying it backwards to the creek. The when we said up the road {overlaid} it was going up to the head of the stream
interviewer:  Yeah {C: tape noise}
299:  Down was {C: tape noise} the way this creek was flowing. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Mhmm
299:  Down the stream you see. Down {C: tape noise} the road and then down the stream {C: tape noise} you know. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Oh I see. {C: tape noise} Do you ever use over? {C: tape noise} Say over to such and such a place or?
299:  Sometime uh huh But I can't think of any special purpose.
interviewer:  Okay do you think of cities that you say that about?
299:  I can't think of any in particular that I'd say over to myself.
interviewer:  Yeah say um you say the police came and they didn't arrest just one or two of 'em they arrested the?
299:  Whole gang
interviewer:  Okay and um what do youn- you know young people go out in the evening and they move around on the floor to music you call that a?
299:  A dance
interviewer:  Okay do you ever hear of a different names for different types of dances?
299:  Well like uh in this country square dancing and uh see and they they used to call round dancing and as far as the waltz you know {C: tape noise} and course uh now dancing is got all the different names of the twist
interviewer:  Yeah
299:  and all that {C: tape noise} that I'm not familiar with.
interviewer:  Do you ever of a special name for a dance that you'd hold have at home?
299:  Square dance
interviewer:  Okay
299:  that's the main thing.
interviewer:  And um say if children get out of school at four o'clock you'd say that four o'clock is the time when school?
299:  Lets out or turns out.
interviewer:  Okay and children might ask after vacation when does school?
299:  Start
interviewer:  Okay and um say if a boy left home to go to school and didn't show up that day you'd say that he?
299:  Play hookey
interviewer:  Okay um and you say you go to school to get a?
299:  Education
interviewer:  Okay and after high school you go on to?
299:  College
interviewer:  Okay and after kindergarden you go into the?
299:  First grade
interviewer:  Okay any older name for?
299:  Primer
interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Primer
interviewer:  Okay who said that?
299:  Well I was {C: tape noise} uh I can remember when they actually had the primer. {overlaid} You in fact you first started the school in my day you didn't have {C: tape noise} kindergarden anyway {C: tape noise} and uh in my day {C: tape noise} uh {C: tape noise} {NW} they had {C: tape noise} the first of the year they might call it the primer
interviewer:  Mhmm
299:  and then uh {C: tape noise} you were in the first grade say about Christmas time or after you finished your first little primer they called it.
interviewer:  So the the primer referred to the book?
299:  Sorta the they also the first little book you had was your primer. And when you went first readers and uh you had the first {C: tape noise} level and second level and something like that. But back in my mother's day I've heard her say you spent the whole first year in your primer maybe {C: tape noise} and then you went in next year you went into first grade sometime. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Yeah you ever call the first grade first reader then? Did you ever hear that?
299:  Uh {C: tape noise} older people my mother and people talk of it as first reader.
interviewer:  Huh
299:  But uh {C: tape noise} in my day being in first reader was reading in your first little book and as soon as you finished that you's in {C: tape noise} you's in the second reader maybe. But you wasn't in second grade you just in the {C: tape noise} second reader you know.
interviewer:  Yeah you talk about just
299:  #1 uh huh #
interviewer:  #2 the book #
299:  that's right.
interviewer:  Huh
299:  But mother and them they didn't they actually mean the first grade is first reader you know.
interviewer:  Yeah say um years ago children sat on benches but now they sit at?
299:  Desks
interviewer:  Okay so each child has his own?
299:  Desk
interviewer:  Okay and um if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the?
299:  Library
interviewer:  Okay and to mail a letter?
299:  Well to the post office or mailbox.
interviewer:  Okay and you'd stay over night in a strange town at a?
299:  Hotel or motel
interviewer:  And you see a play or movie at a?
299:  Theater
interviewer:  Okay and if you were real sick you might have to go into the?
299:  Hospital
interviewer:  Okay and the woman that'd look after you would be a?
299:  Nurse
interviewer:  Okay and you'd catch a train at the?
299:  Depot
interviewer:  Okay or you might call that the rail?
299:  Railroad station
interviewer:  Okay and say if if um say if this were somebody's yard say and it goes like this and a person instead of walking like this walk like this you'd say that he walked?
299:  Jaywalk
interviewer:  Okay but or say
299:  Catty corner {C: fading}
interviewer:  It was really kind of funny I thought.
299:  {X}
interviewer:  It was just
299:  Yeah that's his wife and he lived with her and she went to Nashville to work.
interviewer:  Someone was telling me he had a almost a PhD or something at
299:  Probably so cause he's he's a oh like I said he's invented uh something he he deals with that type of stuff you know.
interviewer:  Yeah He was quite a character. Um okay you you were saying if you walked like this?
299:  Catty corner
interviewer:  Okay and um say before they had buses in the city they used to have?
299:  Oh were they trolley cars or
interviewer:  Okay what what was that like? Do you remember that?
299:  Uh uh see I never did go to the city {C: tape noise} Now I mean the city just doesn't mean a thing to me. {NW} Really I
interviewer:  Just as far as you would go the store and that was
299:  That's that's it until he came into town on a in the eight mile or ten mile in the {C: tape noise} and uh that's about all I know {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  {NW}
299:  about town you see until I was um. When I was twelve years old I believe mother let me uh {C: tape noise} {C: overlaid} go with her to Clarksville on the bus. {C: tape noise} {C: overlaid} And that was the first {C: tape noise} time I'd ever been to Clarksville. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  I bet that was exciting. {C: tape noise}
299:  Mhmm it was it was {C: tape noise} it was real exciting. Well once took before that when I was {C: tape noise} daddy let us go with a load of tobacco {NW} but but we didn't uh we rode in the truck with a load of tobacco and then uh we didn't go anywhere but the ol''' tobacco warehouse you know and then drove us just through the town it was before Christmas let us see the Christmas lights
interviewer:  Mhmm
299:  and that's the first time I'd ever seen the town of Clarksville and I's mhmm I guess I was eleven or twelve years old. {overlaid} So no town doesn't mean a lot to me.
interviewer:  Do you ever go to Nashville or any of the really big cities?
299:  Uh not often see I've been to Nashville a few times and my sister worked in Nashville for oh for six years something like that and {C: tape noise} I spent one Saturday night with her in Nashville in her apartment. {C: tape noise} Which was always a treat of a life time {C: tape noise} and I was in high school then. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Mmh
299:  And then since I've been married we went to Detroit one time. And uh that's just about you know {C: tape noise} I haven't been to many. To Nashville and Clarksville and um and that time I went to Detroit. {overlaid} I haven't been to town many times. Just you know really what you'd call town to know how to get around and this type of stuff. {C: tape noise} And uh{C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} through towns and stuff but just as far as a lot about town it don't I don't know a lot. {NW}
interviewer:  I bet that was exciting
299:  Yeah it was {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  {X}
299:  #1 yeah #
interviewer:  #2 {X} #
299:  see that was just a a treat really to us you'd say. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Say um you were riding on a bus you'd tell a bus driver now this next corner is where I want?
299:  Off {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay {C: tape noise} and um say um here in Houston County Erin is the?
299:  County seat
interviewer:  Okay and um if you were a say a FBI agent you'd be working for the Federal?
299:  Government
interviewer:  Okay and the police in town are supposed to maintain?
299:  Law and order
interviewer:  Okay and the fight in this country between the north and the south?
299:  Was the Civil War
interviewer:  Okay any other um ways of refering to that?
299:  Uh {overlaid} {overlaid} between the North and the South I don't really uh can't think of another name.
interviewer:  Okay and um you say before they had the electric chair murderers were?
299:  Hung
interviewer:  Okay and you say the man went out and what himself?
299:  Hang himself {C: tape noise} or hung himself.
interviewer:  Okay and um these are some names of some states and cities um the biggest city in this country is in what state?
299:  The biggest city would be um {C: tape noise} California someone Los Angeles, California
interviewer:  Okay but the the biggest {NW}
299:  {X}
interviewer:  The biggest city is in {overlaid} the well in the east of
299:  New York {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay and um Baltimore is in?
299:  Maryland
interviewer:  Okay and what are some names of some of the southern states around here?
299:  Well Alabama and Georgia and {overlaid} Texas Florida. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  What what about um
299:  Louisiana
interviewer:  Okay and north of here? {NW}
299:  Well Kentucky Ohio uh Michigan
interviewer:  Okay and um then up well touching Georgia up I forget whether it touches Tennessee or not. Um
299:  Is it Illinois?
interviewer:  Okay um and say um Raleigh is the capital of?
299:  North Carolina
interviewer:  Okay and then beneath that you have?
299:  South Carolina {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay and um Baton Rogue is the capital of?
299:  Louisiana
interviewer:  Okay and Little Rock is?
299:  Arkansas {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay and um this state where they had that the big river?
299:  Mississippi {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay and um {NW} the {NW} the show me state is?
299:  Uh Saint Louis Missouri
interviewer:  Okay and um Tulsa's in?
299:  Oklahoma {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  And Boston?
299:  Massachusettes
interviewer:  Okay and the states up there from Maine to Connecticut were called the?
299:  New England States
interviewer:  Okay and the biggest city in Maryland?
299:  Baltimore
interviewer:  Okay and the capital of the United States is?
299:  Washington
interviewer:  Okay and um
299:  {C: tape noise} Washington D.C.
interviewer:  Okay and the old sea port in South Carolina? Sort of a historical old sea port Char-
299:  Charleston
interviewer:  Okay and um the big steel making city in Alabama?
299:  Birmingham
interviewer:  Okay {NW} and the big city in Illinois? {overlaid} {overlaid}
299:  Oh I'm thinking Collinsville or {NS} Granite City or
interviewer:  Really the the big one where they I guess they have a lot of um well slaughter houses and. Where {X} home once was. {NW}
299:  Chicago {NS}
interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Chicago
interviewer:  Okay and um some of the cities that {NW} some of the cities in Alabama? {NW}
299:  Uh see I named Birmingham uh
interviewer:  What's the capital? Starts with an M.
299:  Montgomery
interviewer:  Okay and the the city on the gulf in Alabama?
299:  New Orleans oh no uh in Alabama.
interviewer:  Starts with an M too. {Overlaid} Mo-
299:  Mobile
interviewer:  Okay and um {overlaid} the city up in the Mountains in North Carolina?
299:  North Carolina you say?
interviewer:  Uh huh the city up in the mountains there. Is As- Ash-
299:  Asheville
interviewer:  Okay and the um some of the cities in Georgia? The capital?
299:  Atlanta
interviewer:  Okay
299:  Well I'm not too good on these.
interviewer:  And um then the the big sea port in Georgia? {overlaid} {NW}
299:  Well I don't know that.
interviewer:  I think it's Sa- there's a city in Tennessee named after it I just found out.
299:  In Georgia what's the first letter of it?
interviewer:  Sav- S sav-
299:  Savannah {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay and um then a city in right in the middle of Georgia?
299:  Atlanta you're not talking
interviewer:  Yeah it's it's outside of Atlanta. I think it's Mac-
299:  Macon
interviewer:  Okay and um and Fort Benning is near? {overlaid}
299:  It's near Ala-
interviewer:  Or the name of the person who discovered America?
299:  Columbus
interviewer:  Okay and um the capital of Louisiana?
299:  Baton Rouge
interviewer:  Okay and the biggest city in Southern Ohio?
299:  Cincinnati
interviewer:  Okay and the biggest city in Kentucky?
299:  Uh not Paducha Murray
interviewer:  No starts with an L #1 Where they have the Kentucky #
299:  #2 Louisville # Louisville
interviewer:  Okay and um the the country where they're having all the fighting? Belfast
299:  {C: tape noise} Ireland
interviewer:  Okay and Paris is in?
299:  France
interviewer:  Okay and Moscow is?
299:  Germ- uh Russia
interviewer:  Okay and the four biggest cities in Tennessee? {overlaid}
299:  Nashville Memphis
interviewer:  What about uh sorta of
299:  Jackson
interviewer:  okay and down sorta going East Tennessee.
299:  Chattanooga
interviewer:  Okay and then way over in East Tennessee? Where the University is.
299:  {C: tape noise} Knoxville
interviewer:  #1 Okay #
299:  #2 No I didn't think of that. #
interviewer:  And um say if someone ask you to go with them and you're not sure you want to you say well I don't know if?
299:  If I want to go or not.
interviewer:  Okay and um say if you want somebody to go with you somewhere you might say well I'm not going?
299:  Unless you go with me.
interviewer:  Okay and um say um I had a choice of doing two things and at first I was gonna do this but then I decided to do that in?
299:  {C: tape noise} Instead of
interviewer:  Okay and um the name of the well probably the largest Protestant Church in the South?
299:  Methodist
interviewer:  Okay and then another one?
299:  Presbyterian
interviewer:  Okay what are some others?
299:  Well um Baptist
interviewer:  Okay
299:  Um
interviewer:  And um say if two people become members of a church you'd say that they? What?
299:  Mhmm {C: tape noise} you mean like joined?
interviewer:  Okay and um you go to church to worship?
299:  God or
interviewer:  huh?
299:  God
interviewer:  Okay and um say the preacher preachs a?
299:  Sermon
interviewer:  Okay and say the choir and organ provide the?
299:  Music {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay and if you really like the music maybe you might say it was just?
299:  {C: tape noise} well beautiful or pretty
interviewer:  Okay and um the enemy of God is called the?
299:  Devil
interviewer:  Okay
299:  or Satan
interviewer:  Okay any other names?
299:  Bad man or
interviewer:  What would you tell children what was gonna come get them?
299:  The bad man {NS} {NW}
interviewer:  Okay do you ever hear of booger man?
299:  Yeah booger man uh huh.
interviewer:  Did you ever hear this it's a game that we used to play
299:  Booger? We used to play booger.
interviewer:  How did you? Was
299:  Well each {C: tape noise} side had a base
interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  and then uh the booger man was out in the middle
interviewer:  uh huh
299:  and he had him uh he had him uh base of a thing {C: tape noise} that he had to carry you to. And you'd run across {C: tape noise} to the other {C: tape noise} side you see. And then he {C: tape noise} if he caught you he a he tried to {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} uh I forgot if he had to drag you to make you touch his base. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Oh that's what we call snake in the {X}
299:  {C: tape noise} You did? {NW} Oh we used to play that a lot.
interviewer:  Do you ever hear one um it's something one kid would say ain't no boogers out tonight daddy killed them all last night.
299:  Nah I never heard that one. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  I thought everyone knew that.
299:  Nah it's a new one on me.
interviewer:  They just someone would say that just sorta daring #1 people and then all the sudden #
299:  #2 Well this is #
interviewer:  the person that had been hiding would run and someone chasing him.
299:  Well we that's what what we'd play like that was uh {C: tape noise} fox in the morning goose in the evening. And uh someway {C: tape noise} then you uh you would do some- {C: tape noise} thing and he'd say {X} out there or something and {C: tape noise} and then you'd run to another base or something and then you start chasing see the fox uh fox would chase the geese. So that was the type of game we played. It was called fox in the morning goose in the evening I don't know. {C: tape noise} But I've forgotten what {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  What about the game where where you'd hide and all everybody but one person
299:  Hide-n-seek we called it.
interviewer:  Okay you ever hear an older name for that?
299:  Uh {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  {D: Rocky high or high spy}
299:  I've heard of high spy but but we never did call it that we just called it hide and seek. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay um and what about say the the thing that in football you run toward the?
299:  Goal I-
interviewer:  Okay um {NW} you know sometimes people would would think that there'd be maybe one house in the neighborhood that everyone would be scared to go to?
299:  It'd be hainted or {NS} haunted
interviewer:  Okay
299:  We said hainted on.
interviewer:  Do you remember any stories about that or was there a house like that at a lot of people
299:  There wasn't one out where I lived but uh {C: tape noise} I've heard we've used to set tell stories at night of uh of hainted houses and things you know. Have a dish and everyone sat on {C: tape noise} table things like that you know.
interviewer:  Yeah
299:  And uh mostly stories of things that spooked horses horses at night there would be supposed to be a certain road or path that uh if you rode tried to ride your horse past it at night then you were never going back. It did he'd always something would spook him and you'd always fall off you know. {C: tape noise} {NW}
interviewer:  What would you call the things that were supposed to be spookin him?
299:  A ghost probably
interviewer:  Yeah any other names?
299:  Well a haint I guess. {NW} I don't know anything else.
interviewer:  You ever meet anybody who's supposed to of seen one? He claims that
299:  I really don't know of anybody that actually {NW} saw. {C: laughing}
interviewer:  Um you might tell someone you better put a sweater on it's getting what? Chilly it's getting?
299:  Cold {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay but it's it's not real cold you say it's just getting?
299:  {X}
interviewer:  Okay and um say um say well I'll go if you insist but I'd?
299:  Rather not go.
interviewer:  Okay and um say someone owned about five hundred acres you'd say that that was a what of land? That was a?
299:  Tract of land. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay would you ever use the word right smart or good deal?
299:  Yeah I say right smart yeah um most everything I say that would be right smart of land.
interviewer:  How do you use that right smart?
299:  Means a lot
interviewer:  I mean what what are some of the situations when you'd use it? Would you talk about a right smart of pain?
299:  Well a lot of people that yeah you'd say right smart of pain and lots of times you'd go somewhere and they'd say maybe we'll were there many people there and I'd say right smart. {NW}
interviewer:  Talking about right smart of people?
299:  Mhmm {C: tape noise} and right smart that's the type of way I use it.
interviewer:  Say what about would you say it rained right smart?
299:  They'd say how much rain did you have and I'd say right smart. {NW}
interviewer:  Okay and um say if you say well I'm just a little cold this morning it was?
299:  Pretty cold
interviewer:  Okay and um say if someone said something kind of shocking you sorta resented them saying it you might say why the very what of you saying that the very?
299:  Idea
interviewer:  Okay so the whole thing why the very?
299:  {X} The idea of you saying that.
interviewer:  Okay and when a friend of yours says good morning what might you ask 'em? {overlaid}
299:  How are you?
interviewer:  Okay and what when you introduce a stranger what might you say?
299:  I'm glad to meet you or
interviewer:  okay and what might you ask them? Would you ever say how do you do or how are you?
299:  Mhmmm yeah I would. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Which?
299:  Umm I'd say, "how do you do."
interviewer:  Okay and um say if someone had been visiting you you might say um well I hope and they're they're leaving {C: tape noise} you'd tell them?
299:  Like you all come back or
interviewer:  Okay or you might tell 'em I hope you'll come back?
299:  Sometime hope you all come back sometime.
interviewer:  Okay um and what do you say {C: tape noise} how do you greet someone around December 25th?
299:  Merry Christmas
interviewer:  Okay anything else?
299:  Happy Holidays
interviewer:  Do you ever say Christmas?
299:  Christmas Greetings?
interviewer:  Yeah Christmas Gift {overlaid}
299:  Now that's Ray. {NS} You know I had never heard of Christmas Chr- uh Ray's family has got this Christmas Eve gift
interviewer:  Uh huh
299:  that we never did. I'd never heard of it. {C: tape noise} And the first time I was going to his house {C: tape noise} see on Christmas Eve I believe the first person that says Christmas Eve Gift to you {C: tape noise} you're supposed to give them a gift. You owe them a gift. And see they said that to me that morning when I was down there and I didn't know what it meant it didn't mean a thing to me. And uh so in other words that's their thing Christmas {C: tape noise} the first person that can say Christmas Eve Gift to you {C: tape noise} uh {C: tape noise} you you owe them a gift.
interviewer:  Is his family from around here?
299:  Yeah they're from down in there just right this section down in here I mean just but that's just uh what they always said and I never heard of it.
interviewer:  Yeah what about um on January first what do you say?
299:  Happy New Year {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay you ever hear New Years Gift?
299:  Yeah or just {C: tape noise} well no I can't say I've heard New Years Gift.
interviewer:  Okay say someone had done you a favor you might tell 'em well thank you I'm much?
299:  Much oblige
interviewer:  Okay and um you say I had to go down town to do some?
299:  Shopping
interviewer:  Okay and you say you bought something you'd say the store keeper took out a piece of paper and?
299:  Wrapped it up
interviewer:  Okay when I got home then I?
299:  Unwrapped it
interviewer:  Okay if you had to sell something for less than you paid for it you'd say you had to sell it?
299:  You say sell it for less than you paid for it?
interviewer:  Yeah you had to sell it at a?
299:  Loss
interviewer:  Okay and say you like something but you don't have enough to buy it you say well I like it but it what too much?
299:  Costs too much
interviewer:  Okay and on the first of the month the bill is? #1 When it's time to pay? #
299:  #2 Due #
interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Due
interviewer:  Okay and if you belong to a club you have to pay your?
299:  Dues
interviewer:  Okay and if you don't have any fr- don't have any money you might go to a friend and try to?
299:  Get credit {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay
299:  borrow money
interviewer:  Okay and um you say in the thirties money was?
299:  Scarce
interviewer:  Okay and um say you ran down the swimming board and what?
299:  You dive dived you dived
interviewer:  Okay and um you'd say several children have already?
299:  Dived in the water.
interviewer:  Okay and you say but I was too scared to?
299:  To dive
interviewer:  Okay and when you dive in and hit the water flat on your stomach what do you call that?
299:  A belly buster I believe. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay you ever hear that um do you ever have any snow around here?
299:  Yeah
interviewer:  Do you ever go sledding?
299:  Mhmm well I I never did much {C: tape noise} but I mean we they do it here yeah.
interviewer:  Do you ever hear belly buster referring to some sort of sledding? {C: tape noise}
299:  I haven't uh uh {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Uh just
299:  Uh huh
interviewer:  encounter that somewhere but {X} Say a child puts his head on the grass and then turns?
299:  Somerset
interviewer:  Okay and say he dived into the water and he what across the river and he?
299:  Uh he you'd say swam I guess but I don't think I usually say he swimmed.
interviewer:  Okay and you say um I have what in that creek?
299:  Swimmed I'd say
interviewer:  Okay and you say um children like to?
299:  Swim
interviewer:  Okay and um say when you buy when you buy something or pay your bill some store keepers will give you a little present and say that it's for?
299:  Uh you mean like your a a premium or
interviewer:  Yeah they just give you a present sort of a little gift.
299:  I don't know what you'd call it I mean I I can't think of anything that you'd {NW}
interviewer:  Say someone who didn't know how to swim you'd say um he got in the water and? And he got {C: tape noise} {NW}
299:  Drowned
interviewer:  Okay you say um so after he went down for the third time you say that he?
299:  Drownded
interviewer:  Okay and you say I wasn't there so I didn't see him?
299:  Drowned
interviewer:  Okay Huh?
299:  Drowned
interviewer:  Okay and um when a before a a baby's able to walk what does it do?
299:  Crawl
interviewer:  Okay and you say that would be a hard mountain to?
299:  Climb
interviewer:  Okay but last year my neighbor?
299:  Cli- uh climbed but some people would say clumb. {NW}
interviewer:  Okay say but I have never?
299:  Climbed
interviewer:  Okay and um you say she walked up to the alter and she {C: tape noise} what down she? {C: tape noise}
299:  Knelt
interviewer:  Okay and if you're feeling tired you might say well I think I'll go?
299:  Lay
interviewer:  #1 Huh? #
299:  #2 lay down #
interviewer:  Okay and um you say he was really sick all morning he?
299:  Lay down
interviewer:  Okay and um {overlaid} talking about something that you see in your sleep you say this is what I what?
299:  Dreamed
interviewer:  Okay
299:  Some people would say dreamt {C: tape noise} {NS} but I don't.
interviewer:  Okay and you say often when I go to sleep I?
299:  Dream
interviewer:  Okay but I usually can't remember what I?
299:  Dreamed
interviewer:  Okay and um {NW} you say I dreamed I was falling but then just when I was about to hit the ground I?
299:  Woke up
interviewer:  Okay and if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor you say you?
299:  Stomping
interviewer:  Okay and say if a if you saw a friend leaving a party alone you might ask may I?
299:  Go with you or to take you home.
interviewer:  Okay um what if you had a a car?
299:  Could I drive you home.
interviewer:  Okay and um {Overlaid} say to get something to come towards you you take hold of it and?
299:  Pull it towards you. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay and the other way would be?
299:  Push it away
interviewer:  Okay and um {NW} say you had a sack of groceries and didn't have your car you'd say that? You picked up the groceries and?
299:  Carried them to the car but some people will say tote 'em. {NS}
interviewer:  Okay do you use that word tote?
299:  I have but not often. I don't use it generally it's just not a regular word with me but I have used it.
interviewer:  What do you do you picture um when you use the word tote do you picture think of it as something that you have to have your arms around like you know the grocery sack all you could was all you could do was hold on to it.
299:  Uh huh
interviewer:  Or like when you talk about toting a a briefcase say?
299:  I think of something more up in both arms.
interviewer:  Okay and um you might tell a child now that stove is very hot so?
299:  Don't touch it.
interviewer:  Okay and um {NW} say if if you needed uh uh hammer you might tell someone go?
299:  Bring me the hammer.
interviewer:  Okay and um you say you you'd throw a ball and ask somebody to?
299:  Catch it.
interviewer:  Okay so you say I threw the ball and he?
299:  Caught it
interviewer:  Okay you say I've been fishing all day but I haven't?
299:  Caught anything
interviewer:  Okay and you say um there's no need for you to hurry if I get there first I'll wait?
299:  Wait for you.
interviewer:  Okay and say if you were about to punish your child he might tell you just give me another?
299:  Chance
interviewer:  Okay and say if a if a man was in a good mood you might say that he's in a good?
299:  Disp- disposition or um
interviewer:  Okay say someone who who always catches
299:  good humor I'd
interviewer:  #1 Huh? #
299:  #2 say # Good humor
interviewer:  Okay and um you say well we've got termites now but I'm sure the exterminator company will get?
299:  Rid of 'em.
interviewer:  Okay do you ever say {X} {Overlaid} have you heard that?
299:  I don't uh now some people do but I I don't say it myself.
interviewer:  Um {overlaid} you say he didn't actually know what was going on but he what he knew it all he? {overlaid}
299:  He thought he knew it all.
interviewer:  Okay and um say if if a boy had left his best pencil on the desk and came back and didn't find it there he'd say I bet somebody?
299:  Stole my pencil
interviewer:  Okay any other word you might use besides stole?
299:  Swiped
interviewer:  Okay and um you say well I'd forgotten about that but now I?
299:  Remember it {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay they say um well you must have a better memory than I do because I?
299:  Forgot it
interviewer:  Okay um and you say I've just what him a letter?
299:  Just wrote him a letter.
interviewer:  Okay and you say yesterday he?
299:  I wrote him a letter. He wrote him a letter.
interviewer:  Okay and you say tomorrow I'll?
299:  Write him a letter.
interviewer:  Okay you say it's time I was getting uh you say I wrote him and it I expect a?
299:  Answer or
interviewer:  Okay and you say you put the letter in the envelope then you take your pen and you?
299:  Address it
interviewer:  Okay any thing else you might say?
299:  Backed it
interviewer:  Okay {overlaid} is that mhm older expression or would you use that?
299:  Yeah a lot of people I've said they backed the letter so and so.
interviewer:  Okay and you say well I was gonna write him but I didn't know his?
299:  Address
interviewer:  Okay and say a child that's learned something new like maybe learned to whistle um his parents might ask who?
299:  Taught you that some people would say who learned you that? {NW}
interviewer:  Okay and um you say a a child that's it's always running and telling on other children?
299:  He's a tattle tale. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay would you use that word about adults?
299:  Yeah
interviewer:  What does it mean?
299:  Well I think of a tattle tale as somebody who goes around to house to house and they you know like a gossip sort of. {C: tape noise} Tale bear or something
interviewer:  Yeah okay um say if you wanted to brighten up your room for a party you might go out in the garden and?
299:  Get a flowers or. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay and something that a child might play with?
299:  Toy you mean a
interviewer:  Okay any other name for toy?
299:  I can't think of any.
interviewer:  Would you ever use play pretty?
299:  I {C: tape noise} I never do but like older people I've heard call that play pretty's yeah look at all these play pretty's. {NW}
interviewer:  What would they be referring to? Just
299:  Toys just
interviewer:  Toys in general?
299:  Uh huh {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay and um you say that's the the book that you what me?
299:  You read me read to me. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  That you what me for Christmas? That you?
299:  Gave me
interviewer:  Okay and you say um say you borrowed a book you'd say? Well when I finished it I'll?
299:  Get it #1 back to 'em. #
interviewer:  #2 Okay #
299:  #1 #
interviewer:  #2 # and you say because you've already what several books?
299:  Given me several
interviewer:  Okay and you say I'm glad I carry an umbrella cause we hadn't gone half a block when it?
299:  Began to rain.
interviewer:  Okay and um you might say um what time does the movie?
299:  Begin
interviewer:  Okay and you say it must've already?
299:  Begun I guess you'd
interviewer:  Okay and um say if you were you say I was feeling so good that I what all the way home? That I?
299:  Be so good that I uh {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Say say if you were all out of breath you might say well I just? {NW} Say not when people walk but when when they want to get somewhere in a hurry?
299:  I run all the way home.
interviewer:  Okay and you say they have what a mile everyday? They?
299:  They've run a mile everyday.
interviewer:  Okay and you say um say if you didn't know where somebody was born you might ask where does he what from? Where does he?
299:  Come from
interviewer:  Okay and you say he what in on the train last night? He?
299:  He come in on the train last night.
interviewer:  Okay so you say he has what to this town?
299:  He has come to this town.
interviewer:  Okay and um say you can't get in in there because the highway department has got their machines out and the roads all?
299:  Blocked {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Are all to-?
299:  Tore up
interviewer:  Okay and um say you give someone maybe a bracelet and and you say well why don't you?
299:  Wear it
interviewer:  Or why don't you what? Say you want to see how it looks on 'em you say why don't you?
299:  Try it on.
interviewer:  Okay well you say the opposite of take it off is?
299:  Put it on.
interviewer:  Okay and um say I might ask you what's new and you might just go um?
299:  Nothing or {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Nothing
interviewer:  Okay I might say oh come on there must be?
299:  Something new
interviewer:  Okay and um say if um say it wasn't an accident he did that?
299:  On purpose
interviewer:  Okay and um say if you have a question I might say well I don't know the answer to your question you better go?
299:  Ask somebody else.
interviewer:  Okay so you say so then you what him so then?
299:  Ask somebody else
interviewer:  Okay and you might say well you've already?
299:  Ask me
interviewer:  Okay and you say um those little boys like to what each other?
299:  Fight or
interviewer:  Okay you say ever since they were small they have?
299:  Fought
interviewer:  Okay and you say everytime they met they?
299:  Fought
interviewer:  Okay and um you'd say you'd say she what him with a big knife? She
299:  Stabbed him
interviewer:  Okay and um then she what?
299:  Pulled it out. {C: laughing}
interviewer:  Okay and um say if a teacher went into a a room a classroom and found a funny picture on the board she might ask who?
299:  Well uh she'd probably say who drew this picture but I'd say who drawed this picture.
interviewer:  Okay and um you say if you wanted to lift something heavy like a piece of machinery up on the roof you might use pulley blocks and a rope to? {overlaid}
299:  To lift it.
interviewer:  Okay would you use another word you say hoisted or heisted?
299:  To heist it I say heist it up or a lot of times on things I don't ever say hoist but lots of things I say well heist it up for me
interviewer:  Okay
299:  put somethin' under it.
interviewer:  Okay {NW} and would you start counting slowly for me.
299:  Just count?
interviewer:  Yeah
299:  One Two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen #1 fourteen fifteen #
interviewer:  #2 Okay #
299:  #1 #
interviewer:  #2 # And the number after nineteen?
299:  Twenty
interviewer:  And twenty six?
299:  Twenty seven
interviewer:  Twenty nine?
299:  Thirty
interviewer:  Thirty nine?
299:  Forty
interviewer:  Sixty nine?
299:  Seventy
interviewer:  Nighty nine?
299:  Hundred don't get too high. {NW}
interviewer:  Okay and nine hundred nighty nine?
299:  A thousand
interviewer:  Okay and then the next?
299:  Thousand one you mean?
interviewer:  Okay um say say if you were real rich you might have one?
299:  Million dollars
interviewer:  Okay and um say if there was a line of men standing somewhere um you'd say um the man at the head of the line would be the? {overlaid} What man?
299:  The head man
interviewer:  Yeah or he'd be the number one man he'd be the?
299:  First man
interviewer:  Okay then keep going.
299:  Second man third man fourth man fifth man
interviewer:  Slow slower
299:  Sixth man seventh man eighth man ninth man tenth man
interviewer:  Okay and um you say sometimes you feel your you get your good luck just a little at a time but your bad luck comes all?
299:  At once {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay and she said something two times you'd be saying it?
299:  Twice
interviewer:  Okay and would you name the the months of the year. Slowly
299:  Uh January February March April May June July August September October November December
interviewer:  Okay and the days of the week.
299:  Uh starting with Sunday?
interviewer:  Yeah
299:  Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
interviewer:  Okay is there any other name for your Saturday or Sunday?
299:  Uh a sabbath
interviewer:  Did you use that word? Or what does it?
299:  Well to me uh Saturday's the sabbath and Sunday's the first day of the week.
interviewer:  Okay so what does the sabbath mean just the last day of the week?
299:  Uh huh uh huh
interviewer:  Okay um and when you meet someone during the early part of the day what do you say as a greeting?
299:  Good morning
interviewer:  Okay and how long does morning last?
299:  Til twelve o'clock noon.
interviewer:  Okay and then what is it?
299:  Afternoon or evening
interviewer:  Is that the same thing?
299:  No not really I think afternoon is after say from one to I don't know if it'd be six or seven. And then evening is supposed to mean {overlaid} later at night {C: tape noise} I think.
interviewer:  When it's dark or what?
299:  Uh huh
interviewer:  Or just before it's dark?
299:  I don't know what the actual time I I don't know. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  How do you
299:  Six I'd say six o'clock is the begining of evening maybe.
interviewer:  Okay and um say if you were leaving somebody at say eleven o'clock in the day would you say anything?
299:  Uhh you mean like as a rule you'd say good evening or?
interviewer:  Yeah but say eleven o'clock in the day. You know before noon would you say
299:  If he's leaving?
interviewer:  Yeah {overlaid}
299:  I don't know I don't guess.
interviewer:  Do you ever say good day to people?
299:  I never do never have usually do. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay and um what do you say when you're saying goodbye when you're leaving somebody's house at night?
299:  I might say goodnight.
interviewer:  Okay and um you say we we had to get up and start work before?
299:  Daylight
interviewer:  Or before sun?
299:  Sundown
interviewer:  Okay
299:  Or sun up
interviewer:  Okay and um you'd say I saw the sun what this morning?
299:  Rise or come up
interviewer:  Okay and you say um the sun what at six o'clock? The sun
299:  Rose {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay and you say um when I got outside the sun had already?
299:  Well {C: tape noise} rose or risen
interviewer:  Okay and um you'd say um today is um Monday so Sunday was?
299:  Yesterday
interviewer:  Okay and Tuesday is?
299:  Tomorrow
interviewer:  Okay and someone came here on a Sunday um last not last Sunday but a week?
299:  Sunday before last
interviewer:  Okay and what about not next Sunday but?
299:  Sunday after next
interviewer:  Okay would you say another expression for that? {overlaid}
299:  I couldn't think of another one.
interviewer:  Do you ever say Sunday week?
299:  Yeah I do.
interviewer:  Which what do you mean by that?
299:  Well it'd be a week from the coming Sunday.
interviewer:  Mhmm you call that?
299:  Sunday week
interviewer:  Okay and um {NW} say someone stayed from the first to the fifteenth you'd say he stayed about?
299:  You mean half the month or
interviewer:  Okay would you ever say fortnight? {NW}
299:  I never have. It don't mean anything to me.
interviewer:  Okay and um say if you wanted to know the time you'd ask someone? {Overlaid}
299:  What time is it?
interviewer:  Okay and um if it's midway between seven o'clock and eight o'clock you'd say that it's
299:  Oh you mean like seven thirty.
interviewer:  Okay or another way of saying that? Half
299:  Half an hour
interviewer:  Huh?
299:  Half an hour
interviewer:  Okay but another way of saying seven thirty is half?
299:  Half past eight
interviewer:  Okay and um if it was fifteen minutes beyond that then you'd say it was? {overlaid}
299:  Seven forty five
interviewer:  Or
299:  Quarter of quarter of eight
interviewer:  Okay and if you've been doing something for a long time you might say I've been doing that for quite?
299:  Quite awhile
interviewer:  Okay and you say 1972 was last year 1973 is? {NW}
299:  Is next year or
interviewer:  But 1973 is?
299:  You say 1972 was last year?
interviewer:  Yeah so 1973 is?
299:  This year
interviewer:  Okay and say if a child has just had his third birthday you'd say that it's?
299:  Three years old
interviewer:  Okay and if something happene on this day last year you'd say it happened exactly?
299:  A year ago today
interviewer:  Okay and say you you look up at the sky and say I don't like the looks of those black?
299:  Clouds
interviewer:  Okay and um on the the day when the you look up and there aren't any clouds you'd say that it was a?
299:  Ah clear day or
interviewer:  Okay
299:  a bright day sunny day.
interviewer:  Okay and um say if it was real cloudy and overcast you'd say that it's a?
299:  Gloomy day
interviewer:  Okay and say if if the clouds are getting thicker and thicker and you figure you you maybe gonna have some rain or something in a little while you say that the weather is
299:  Stormy or
interviewer:  Okay do you ever say changing or gathering?
299:  Changing I'd say or blustery or something.
interviewer:  Okay what do you mean blustery?
299:  Well that's usually in March when it's windy when it's blustery outside.
interviewer:  Okay and say if it if it had been cloudy and then the clouds start pull away then you say that?
299:  They're breaking up is what we say.
interviewer:  Okay then you'd say it looks like it's going to?
299:  Clear up
interviewer:  Okay what do you call a really heavy a lot of rain that just suddenly comes down?
299:  A downpour a flood or
interviewer:  Okay what about if it has thunder and lightning?
299:  Well like a thunderstorm or
interviewer:  Mkay {overlaid} and what huh?
299:  I don't know what uh
interviewer:  Well what what different okay then something not as as hard as say a downpour?
299:  A shower
interviewer:  Okay what if it just sort of lasts all day?
299:  Well like uh you not talking about a drizzle?
interviewer:  What do you mean with drizzle and? What?
299:  Well drizzle I think of just a slow steady drizzle it rains all day maybe.
interviewer:  Okay and what about something that's just um real light?
299:  Sprinkle
interviewer:  Okay and even finer that that?
299:  {C: tape noise} A mist
interviewer:  Okay and um say if you go outside and you can't even see across the road you'd say that? You call that a?
299:  Fog
interviewer:  Okay and a day like that you'd call a?
299:  Foggy
interviewer:  Okay and um you say all night long the wind?
299:  Blew or blowed
interviewer:  Okay which would you say?
299:  I say blowed.
interviewer:  Okay and you say um it was pretty bad last night but in years past the wind has? What even harder than that?
299:  Blowed harder than that
interviewer:  Okay and you say it started to rain and the wind began to?
299:  Blow
interviewer:  Okay and if the wind is from this direction you say it?
299:  Uh say it's from the West.
interviewer:  Okay and um wind half way between south and west you'd call a?
299:  Southwest wind
interviewer:  Okay and half way between south and east?
299:  Southeast wind
interviewer:  Okay and east and north?
299:  Northeast
interviewer:  And west and north?
299:  North west
interviewer:  Okay and um say if no rain comes for weeks and weeks you'd say you had a?
299:  Drought
interviewer:  Okay and if the wind had been very gentle and was gradually getting stronger you'd say that it was?
299:  Umm increasing or
interviewer:  Okay you say rising or flowing higher or picking up or?
299:  The wind is rising I guess.
interviewer:  Okay and if it's just the opposite the wind had been strong and was getting weaker and weaker you'd say it was?
299:  It's uh I think of decreasing or uh ceasing.
interviewer:  Okay and um say on a morning in the fall when you go outside and it's it's not it's cold but not? It's really comfortable to be out.
299:  Chilly
interviewer:  Okay and um say if it was it was a it was cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you'd say last night we had a?
299:  Frost
interviewer:  Okay what about something else?
299:  A freeze or uh
interviewer:  What's the difference?
299:  Well a frost is just a white uh uh the white uh frosty stuff that falls and a freeze is actually so cold that it uh the plant actually freezes maybe and ice in it maybe. {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  So a freeze then is is much more severe.
299:  Uh huh then a frost.
interviewer:  Okay say um it was so cold last night that the lake?
299:  {C: tape noise} Froze {C: tape noise}
interviewer:  Okay um would you have the different expression for if it um just along the edges you know?
299:  Like the lake you mean?
interviewer:  Mhmm
299:  You mean if it froze just close to the
interviewer:  Yeah would you say skimmed or scaled over?
299:  Well you could say there's just {C: tape noise} a skim of ice is what I'd say.
interviewer:  Okay and you'd say um say the water pipes had already?
299:  Froze
interviewer:  Okay and you say if it gets much colder the lake will?
299:  Freeze
interviewer:  Okay and um what did you call the room that was used for special occasions?
299:  Well the front room or parlor is what most people use.
interviewer:  And talking about the heighth of rooms you'd say this rooms about? What? Say maybe about nine?
299:  Feet
interviewer:  Okay well
299:  Is that it? {NW} You mean we finished it? {NW}