Interviewer:  a baby calf makes when it's being weaned?
312:  Uh Sheep would bleat. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Uh but a calf I don't know. I don't remember what a calf would
Interviewer:  Would you say it bawls? Or
312:  #1 Yeah #
Interviewer:  #2 blares? #
312:  Bawls.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Bawls.
Interviewer:  What is a gentle noise that a cow makes?
312:  I don't know that either.
Interviewer:  Well moo any
312:  Moo of course.
Interviewer:  #1 Alright have you ever heard of a cow lowing? #
312:  #2 That's it. # Yes. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} What're some noises that uh horses make?
312:  Neigh.
Interviewer:  And how about one that's a little gentler? A little quieter?
312:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Whinny?
312:  Whinny of course yes. Whinny.
Interviewer:  Okay. A hen on a nest of eggs is called a
312:  brooding hen.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh what is the name of the place where the hens- where all the chickens live?
312:  Hen house.
Interviewer:  #1 Or a chicken #
312:  #2 Or a hen yard. # Chicken yard. Chicken house.
Interviewer:  Another word besides yard or house? Begins with C. Chicken c-
312:  coop.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS}
312:  Chicken coop we would say.
Interviewer:  Alright which- which way do you say?
312:  Coop.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Coop. {NW}
Interviewer:  Why did- why did you say coop {C: pronunciation} then?
312:  Well I don't know. But {NW} maybe you'd I don't know. Oh you didn't say it.
Interviewer:  Mm-mm.
312:  But uh coop is what we would say.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
312:  #2 {X} we'd say Cooper # The name Cooper. We don't say Cooper {C: pronunciation}.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  You see we say Cooper.
Interviewer:  Cooper.
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay. When eating a chicken what do you call the part that you break apart? The bone that you pull?
312:  Oh uh uh wishbone.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh Did you have a special name for the larger piece and the smaller piece?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Which piece got the wish?
312:  This larger piece got the wish as I remember.
Interviewer:  That's what I think too but about half the people
312:  #1 I think it's the larger piece. #
Interviewer:  #2 I interview say the smaller. #
312:  I think so.
Interviewer:  I get about fifty {X}
312:  {NW} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What do you call the inside parts of a chicken that you eat? The liver and heart and gizzard
312:  #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  the en- uh not e- that's not uh the uh {NW} Uh uh Oh I can't brain's gone on that.
Interviewer:  You were saying- you were about to say entrails.
312:  Uh entrails would be the that would not be the
Interviewer:  #1 That wouldn't be {X} Oh that's right. #
312:  #2 the part that you eat. No. # No.
Interviewer:  Have you heard harslet or haslet?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh #
312:  #2 Give me another one. #
Interviewer:  How about that that part of the hog? Sometimes um you eat it sometimes you stuff sausage in it.
312:  Oh uh I know what it's called but I can't think.
Interviewer:  Chit-?
312:  Well Chit- chitterlings is- is uh part that they eat. I mean that's what's left as I remember when they make lard these little pieces that are in the lard that they drain off are chitterlings as I remember. That's
Interviewer:  But that wasn't something you ate.
312:  Yes you did. They do eat it.
Interviewer:  You {D: though}.
312:  I don't.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  But {NW} no I didn't. But bunch a' people do. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What are some uh When- let's say you're out there on the farm and your- all your cows are way out there in the pasture
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  what would you holler at 'em to make 'em come back?
312:  {NW} I don't know. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  #1 Oh you must know. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  You have no calls for cows
312:  #1 No I have no calls for #
Interviewer:  #2 just {X} #
312:  cows. {C: laughing} {NW}
Interviewer:  How about to make 'em stand still so they're easier to milk?
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  I gather you didn't do a whole lot a'
312:  #1 I didn't. I didn't #
Interviewer:  #2 cow milking in your day. #
312:  do any
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
312:  #2 cow milking. # Though I think I have heard things but I can't remember what they were.
Interviewer:  Alright how about calling uh calves?
312:  I- I don't call calves. {NW}
Interviewer:  How about when you're- alright when y- you're driving horses and you wanna tell 'em to go left or right. Do you remember that?
312:  Yee and haw? No that's {C: laughing} {NW}
Interviewer:  That might be right {X} yeehaw.
312:  {NW} I don't know.
Interviewer:  Don't remember?
312:  Mm-mm. I didn't call 'em. I just indicated with my blinds as to what I wanted 'em to do.
Interviewer:  Okay then you
312:  #1 I didn't ca- #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} you've never had to say anything? #
312:  No I didn't call 'em.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  Get up.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  What would you say to stop him?
312:  Whoa. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay now they have contests with this stuff on T-V. How do you call hogs?
312:  I don't know. I've heard them.
Interviewer:  Have you- have you ever seen a hog calling contest
312:  #1 Yes I have. Yes I have. #
Interviewer:  #2 on T-V? {X} funny. # But you can't think of the sounds they make?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. Sheep? Calling sheep?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Calling chickens?
312:  #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  Well chickens. Mm. I don't remember. I know there is a something that you do for calling chickens but I can't think what it is.
Interviewer:  Say uh you wanna get your horses ready to go somewhere. You say I want to Or I have to
312:  Uh Uh
Interviewer:  It means putting the saddle on and
312:  #1 Oh uh #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
312:  Harness them.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} Okay uh {C: tape noise} You were talking about the lines to the horses before when you were sitting in the
312:  #1 Reins. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Alright what's the difference between lines and reins?
312:  I think the same thing.
Interviewer:  Is there any difference whether you're sitting on the horse or sitting in a buggy?
312:  Uh.
Interviewer:  As to what you'd call 'em? {NS}
312:  Uh reins uh in the buggy. And a bridle is on the horse.
Interviewer:  I see. Okay. When you're riding on the horse
312:  #1 Yes it's a bridle. #
Interviewer:  #2 yourself # Alright and what do you put your feet into?
312:  Stirrups. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  what do you call the one on the left?
312:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Would you call him the lead horse?
312:  #1 I don't know which one is it- I don't know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Or {X} # Have you ever heard of a lead horse?
312:  I've heard of a lead horse. Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay. If something isn't right here at hand you say it's just a little {C: tape noise}
312:  Over there? Around the corner? {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay um It's a well you usually use it with the word little. Say it's a little wi-?
312:  little way.
Interviewer:  Okay. Would you say a little way or a little ways
312:  A little way or {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  If you've been traveling and you haven't {C: tape noise}
312:  way to go.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} If something is very common and you don't have to look for it in a special place you'd- you would say well you can find that just about
312:  {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright. If somebody slipped on the ice and fell this way you'd say he fell
312:  back.
Interviewer:  Okay uh a longer word than that. {C: tape noise}
312:  Forward.
Interviewer:  And he fell this way {X}
312:  Backward.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Uh {C: tape noise} trenches cut by a plow? In even {X}
312:  Furrows.
Interviewer:  Okay. If you have a good yield you say we raised a big
312:  crop.
Interviewer:  If you got rid of all the brush and trees on the land you'd say you did what to the
312:  Cleared the land.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} Alright now what do you call the old dry dead grass that is left over on the ground in the spring? {C: tape noise}
312:  Hay. Of straw.
Interviewer:  Alright but a what of straw?
312:  A rick? Uh uh uh s- {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  #1 Well have you heard it #
312:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  called a second cutting?
312:  No I n- I haven't. I think- I'm not a farmer though I-
Interviewer:  I know.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 I'm just trying to think what you have heard of {X} #
312:  #2 Yeah. I don't- I don't remember # set uh stec- uh second cutting.
Interviewer:  How about a {D: ladder math or} #1 {X} #
312:  #2 No. No. #
Interviewer:  Rowan?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. Wheat is tied up into?
312:  Shocks.
Interviewer:  Alright. Can you think of another word? There's a hymn. {C: tape noise}
312:  sheaves.
Interviewer:  Okay. Ah now here we have shock. This says
312:  Shock is more likely for corn.
Interviewer:  Would you put sheaves- would you pile sheaves up into a shock?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  #1 No you wouldn't do it that way? #
312:  #2 No. # No.
Interviewer:  Okay. S- so sheaf is wheat and shock is corn?
312:  Yeah that's right.
Interviewer:  Alright what do you call a big measurement of wheat like this in a basket?
312:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  You can usually get forty of these to a {X}
312:  Bushel.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  Bushel? {NS}
Interviewer:  What do you have to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of 'em? The good from the bad?
312:  Winnow? {C: tape noise} I don't know.
Interviewer:  Alright there's a particular word I want you to say. Um It's also- you can when you have a bad child you say you be- you better be careful or I'm gonna
312:  Whip you? {NW}
Interviewer:  Like whip or spank.
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  Begins with T-H.
312:  I can't- I don't know. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Mm.
312:  Thrash.
Interviewer:  Yes. {C: whispering}
312:  Thrash. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh If you're comparing how tall you are you and another person are you say he is not as tall as
312:  I am.
Interviewer:  Okay. Comparing how tall you are you might say I'm not as
312:  tall as he.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh If a man had been running for two miles and then had to stop you might say two miles is
312:  enough?
Interviewer:  Well he could You're saying he c- if he could only go two miles you'd say two miles is
312:  Mm I don't know. what would you
Interviewer:  Well using farthest or furthest {C: tape noise}
312:  Two miles is far enough. Uh I- I don't
Interviewer:  Okay that's good enough.
312:  {X}
Interviewer:  I'm looking for two miles is the farthest {C: tape noise}
312:  Well
Interviewer:  #1 All the farther you could go? #
312:  #2 two # No. Two miles is the farthest he would go would be more likely what I would say.
Interviewer:  Okay. If something belongs to me you'd say it's
312:  yours.
Interviewer:  Alright. If it belongs to both of us you say it's
312:  ours.
Interviewer:  If it belongs to them it's
312:  belongs to them.
Interviewer:  No but it's {C: tape noise}
312:  theirs.
Interviewer:  Okay. If it belongs to him it's
312:  his.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
312:  #2 If it belongs to her # it's hers.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  people at a party might say If you wanna know about them and then they had a phrases without saying it {D: themself}.
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  Uh Well you wanna know who had been there {C: tape noise} so you say How would you ask that?
312:  Who was at the party?
Interviewer:  {X} Would you ever say who all was there?
312:  No I don't think I would.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh If no one else will look out for them you say they've got to look out for
312:  for themselves.
Interviewer:  Okay. And if no one else will do it for 'em you say he'd better just go ahead and do it
312:  do it himself.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What is made of flour baked in loaves?
312:  Bread.
Interviewer:  When it's made to ride with yea- rise with yeast you might call it
312:  Uh Uh {C: tape noise} I don't know. Yeast- no. Uh {C: tape noise} I- I can't think at the moment.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh what are some different kinds of bread?
312:  Well there's uh loaf bread uh {C: tape noise} I can't think what you want me to say. {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 Oh okay. That's- no that's fine. Just some different kinds of bread. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Alright there- there are two basic kinds of bread however. The kind you make at home
312:  and the kind you buy in the store.
Interviewer:  Alright. So
312:  A loaf.
Interviewer:  Home made bread and
312:  and uh
Interviewer:  If you're gonna describe the kind you buy at the store you'd say it's
312:  Loaf of bread.
Interviewer:  #1 Well #
312:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 # Uh
Interviewer:  There are two kinds of bread. The home made bread and the kind you buy at the store called
312:  Not store bought. I wouldn't say that.
Interviewer:  #1 You wouldn't? That's what I say. Store bought bread. #
312:  #2 {NW} # Uh no I just would buy bread in the store. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay. Um What is baked what is baked in a large cake made of cornmeal?
312:  Corn bread.
Interviewer:  Okay. What- are there more than one kind of corn bread?
312:  Yes. There are a number of kinds of corn bread. There's a l- uh uh corn sticks, corn muffins corn pones.
Interviewer:  Now what are corn pones?
312:  Corn pones were the old fashioned. We don't see those very much but it was corn bread made with just boiling water and lard and salt.
Interviewer:  Ah.
312:  Nothing else. And you make it in little loaf with your hand and put it in- bake it in the stove and it's perfectly delicious.
Interviewer:  Oh is it good?
312:  Yes. Very good. You have to have a very hot stove to do it. You see it has to brown on the outside, I mean get real brown on the outside and then it's salted {C: tape noise} And then there is a hoe cake {C: tape noise} which is made of the same kind of cornmeal only flat and on a skillet. {C: tape noise} turned over {X} baked on top of the stove. That's very good too. That's a hoe cake.
Interviewer:  A hoe cake. Now does either of these a little bit of onion or green pepper
312:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 mixed in 'em? #
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Can you think of what that is?
312:  That is a uh I should think uh They're used with fish. Now that's made with fish. Uh hush puppies.
Interviewer:  Oh yeah that's right.
312:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Okay do you know what a corn dodger is?
312:  Well it's- it's the same sort of thing as a corn uh hoe cake I- I imagine. I don't know but I think that's- but we don't call them that. Corn dodgers here.
Interviewer:  Okay. Okay I think we quit here. It's a good stopping place.
312:  #1 Yes that's a good stopping place. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
312:  #1 {C: tape noise} #
Interviewer:  #2 # {NW} {C: tape noise}
312:  I wanna get something straightened out before we get started.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 {D: I remember} # On my You asked me about the education my families and so forth the other day. Uh you know my grandmother's brothers my grandmother's father I told you was the book man that had the book store and so forth Well he of course made a quite a bit of money back then before the Civil War cuz he furnished libraries for all the {X} in the south and {X} paper.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: very softly}
312:  But- and so he sent his uh oldest son the one up there in that little frame with the little doors was- went into the- he went to the university of Nashville and then he went into the Civil- Civil War into the Confederate Army {C: tape noise} and died there when he was just twenty-one. Then the second son he sent to Yale. and that was in sixty {C: tape noise} four I guess. And he graduated from Yale in sixty-eight. Then the third son was just the- and just before the end of the Civil War my grandfather took him up to try to get a appointment for him into the navy. And they went to Washington just before uh W- Lincoln was assassinated. To see Lincoln because my grandfather knew Johnson who was the vice president you see. And Lincoln couldn't see them that day and they went onto New York and while they went- and were coming back and they while they were in New York Lincoln was assassinated. And so when they came back to Washington that was- my uncle said that was the first official act of Johnson's was to appoint him to the naval academy.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh he- oh #
312:  #2 So he #
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  he graduated in eighteen sixty-eight. Sixty-nine. And uh and retired as a rear admiral in nineteen ten. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  #1 Then #
Interviewer:  #2 That's a long service. #
312:  #1 Well that was for- #
Interviewer:  #2 That's forty years. #
312:  Forty- no. Yes that was yes. Then uh my older sister the girls in the family my grandmother all went to the Nashville female academy which was a very famous girls school here. {C: tape noise} And uh {C: tape noise} generation they didn't have any money. You see. All the- well after the war everybody was strapped and they went to the public schools. I went to a private school. And my daughter graduated Vanderbilt university. So that's the story.
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  got another thing I found out I remembered what uh cord of wood.
Interviewer:  Oh #1 that's right. #
312:  #2 A cord of wood is # four feet eight by eight feet. If they pile it up and that's the way they they uh {NS}
Interviewer:  Wonder if I can find that. {NS} A cord.
312:  #1 Cord. Mm-hmm yeah {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah I've heard that. #
312:  my brain wouldn't work the other day. {X} {NW} And another thing I remembered was games. You know you were asking me about game. The one thing was hopscotch.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh that's right. #
312:  #2 {X} # And skating. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
312:  #2 Roller skate. # They had uh in my neighborhood they only had one sidewalk that was concrete uh cement and that- we skated on that. I knew it was {D: just a word that people today} whose house it was by. The rest of 'em are all brick.
Interviewer:  #1 And you couldn't roller skate on them? #
312:  #2 {X} # Well it was
Interviewer:  #1 Slick? #
312:  #2 not easy. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 {C: tape noise} # No it was rough.
Interviewer:  Oh I guess so {C: tape noise}
312:  But they're just two other things that I remember.
Interviewer:  Okay thanks. {C: tape noise} Uh Well yesterday we were talking about bread corn bread
312:  #1 Yes yes. #
Interviewer:  #2 stuff like that. # Okay. What do you call the things that you make up for a batter and you fry 'em and they're big and round?
312:  #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 For breakfast. #
312:  uh batter cakes we call 'em.
Interviewer:  Oh did you?
312:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise}
312:  pancakes. They'd- I'd calling them that in later years because they get it from out of {NW} television and books.
Interviewer:  Right.
312:  But batter cakes is the name for it.
Interviewer:  made out of wheat flour?
312:  Uh no. Some were made out a' corn. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  I bet they were.
312:  They were. Corn cakes. Corn cakes
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Alright uh {NW} excuse me. {C: tape noise} flour you buy it in certain measurements. What are those? Not ounces but
312:  Uh ba- uh uh uh sack? I mean uh {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  A weight.
312:  Oh a weight.
Interviewer:  I wanna buy two
312:  pounds
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  of flour.
Interviewer:  What do you use to make the bread rise?
312:  Oh yeast.
Interviewer:  Okay ever heard it called anything else?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: whispering} What do you call uh {C: tape noise} the thing that the hen lays?
312:  Eggs.
Interviewer:  Alright. What's the inside part called?
312:  Yolk.
Interviewer:  Uh did y- di- have you ever heard the yolk called anything else? {C: tape noise} Uh if you were going to if you'd heated up some water and you crack an egg into it what kind a' egg is that?
312:  Uh {C: tape noise} poached.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Have you heard of that called dropped eggs?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} What is a- what do you call fat salt pork? {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh. {C: tape noise} I can't think. There is a name. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Well how about side meat? {C: tape noise}
312:  Well of course I know it we wouldn't
Interviewer:  #1 Oh okay. #
312:  #2 say that. #
Interviewer:  Have you heard that though?
312:  No I #1 never have. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh oh okay. #
312:  That's just something that I'm sure that we would never
Interviewer:  Okay. {NW} How about white meat? {C: tape noise}
312:  No.
Interviewer:  {X} ham. Or white bacon.
312:  Well it's just- just bacon.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  Um
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  Boiling bacon.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  That's what we'd call
Interviewer:  Oh {C: tape noise}
312:  boiling bacon. I knew there was a name for it.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh what do you call the outside part of bacon?
312:  Rind. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Ever call it the skin? {C: tape noise} cuts up the meat for you?
312:  Uh butcher.
Interviewer:  Alright. If the meat has been kept too long you might say the meat has done what? {C: tape noise} If you kept it be- to beyond the point where you could eat it. {C: tape noise}
312:  It's spoiled. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Have you heard of when you butcher a hog uh some people make- make something with the meat from its head? {C: tape noise}
312:  I don't know. I'm not familiar- I know- I know there is something but I can't
Interviewer:  Have you heard of souse?
312:  Yeah souse.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Yes that's right.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard it called head cheese?
312:  No- {X} I've read of it but not- uh that's not a colloquial thing {X}
Interviewer:  #1 Around here they say souse? #
312:  #2 Around here no. #
Interviewer:  But they do say souse?
312:  Yeah. Souse is something that I know.
Interviewer:  {NW} Have you heard of a dish that's uh prepared by cooking and grinding up hog liver?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. How about the juice of um souse or liver sausage and stirred up with cornmeal?
312:  No I don't know that.
Interviewer:  Have you heard of scrapple?
312:  Uh I've heard of it yes. Never eaten it but I've heard of it.
Interviewer:  Okay. Supposing you keep butter too long outside the refrigerator and it doesn't taste good any more. How would you describe its condition?
312:  Mm.
Interviewer:  The butter is
312:  Uh spoiled. #1 I don't know #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
312:  I- I don't know. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Would you ever say it's rancid?
312:  Yes. You would. Rancid is right.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call thick sour milk that you just keep out?
312:  Ah uh uh {C: tape noise} Uh Clabber. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  And what's the cheese that's made from that?
312:  Uh uh cottage cheese.
Interviewer:  Alright. You ever hear it called anything else?
312:  It seems to me that I had some German friends that called it something else and I can't think what it was. Uh Well now I don't- I can't remember but I know that they did make something that they called uh out of that. I- they did it. I used to see 'em
Interviewer:  #1 Would they have called it smear cheese? #
312:  #2 hang it. # Yeah. Smearcase they called it.
Interviewer:  Right.
312:  Smearcase. See it was these German neighbors of mine. Smearcase. That was what they made and they hung it in a bag and it dripped {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  #1 Neat. Oh I like it. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  Smearcase.
Interviewer:  Okay thanks. That's good. {C: tape noise} Alright what's a dessert that's baked in a deep dish made of apples with a crust on top?
312:  Uh apple {C: tape noise} I don't like it. {C: tape noise} {NW} Oh I know what it {C: tape noise} We had it down here in the dining room all the time and I don't eat it.
Interviewer:  How does that work? Do you have a choice of eating in the dining room or eating here?
312:  No. I- well I can. I mean I have a choice but I've already paid for eating in the dining room.
Interviewer:  Three meals a day?
312:  Three meals a day.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh okay I see. #
312:  #2 But I- and # I don't- I don't eat breakfast down there. I have a choice. I eat it here.
Interviewer:  Do you have to pay for all the meals?
312:  #1 But you have to pay for all the meals. #
Interviewer:  #2 the meals {X} # I see. But usually you have breakfast up here?
312:  Yes I have.
Interviewer:  But that's nice to have a kitchenette.
312:  Yeah I have a kitchen so
Interviewer:  That's
312:  #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 great. #
312:  Apple dumplings is one thing.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh how about apple cobbler?
312:  Yes. That's another.
Interviewer:  Are they the same thing or not?
312:  Uh I'm not sure. Uh n- no I think a dumpling is made with dough that's pulled up put the apples in and then pull it up and
Interviewer:  Oh
312:  you see. It's a round kind of thing.
Interviewer:  It looks like a chicken of dumplings.
312:  Yes and {C: tape noise} sort of
Interviewer:  Oh that's cute.
312:  But the- the dough {C: tape noise} squeezed up at the top so that it would hold together. And they- but a uh cobbler I think would be made in a deep dish. Kind of a deep dish pie. That sort of thing.
Interviewer:  And how about apple pandowdy?
312:  I- that I'm not familiar with. We don't have that here.
Interviewer:  Okay. Okay. What do you call um a sweet liquid that you might pour over pudding or pie?
312:  Syrup?
Interviewer:  Okay. How about something that you put on spaghetti?
312:  Uh s- uh uh sauce uh
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  #1 Yeah that's right. Sauce. #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay that's fine. # Would you ever call it sauce when you put it on pie?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. Well would you call it something else {X}? Some people put milk or cream mixed with sugar and nutmeg.
312:  Oh that's uh uh that's uh hard sauce.
Interviewer:  It's what?
312:  Hard sauce.
Interviewer:  Why is it called hard?
312:  That's- it's hard.
Interviewer:  #1 {D: oh it doesn't} #
312:  #2 It's- it's stiff. #
Interviewer:  #1 Oh. How is it stiff then? #
312:  #2 It's stiff. It's uh # Well it's uh sugar and butter
Interviewer:  #1 Oh. #
312:  #2 You put in the refrigerator you see # and it's stiff. And you put it on these things. It's hard sauce. That's what we call it. {C: tape noise} Mm-hmm. It's butter. It's mostly butter and- and sugar.
Interviewer:  And it's used to put on top of pie?
312:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Oh. Alright. Uh food that you eat between regular meals you call
312:  snack.
Interviewer:  Okay. Mm what do people drink for breakfast?
312:  {X} juice?
Interviewer:  Alright. The hot stuff.
312:  Oh coffee.
Interviewer:  Alright.
312:  #1 I don't. #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: How do you make} # Oh you don't?
312:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. # But do some people drink it?
312:  Yeah some people do. {NW}
Interviewer:  And um how's- what do you- how do you make coffee?
312:  Well uh {C: tape noise} the way you make it now you just use instant coffee. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright but if you're making
312:  If you made- you made it in a drip pot or a percolator.
Interviewer:  Okay and what do you
312:  #1 You put a spoonful #
Interviewer:  #2 what do you do to it? #
312:  for each cup and one for the pot.
Interviewer:  That's right yeah.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 I always thought that was cute. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  And what do you call the heating up process? What's the word for that? You {C: tape noise}
312:  Boil it.
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh what do you drink out of?
312:  A cup.
Interviewer:  Or
312:  Glass.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Uh what do you drink if you're just thirsty? {C: tape noise} Okay. You might say the glass of water fell off the sink and
312:  broke.
Interviewer:  Alright. You might say {C: tape noise}
312:  I didn't spill it.
Interviewer:  #1 I didn't #
312:  #2 I didn't # break it. {NW}
Interviewer:  Someone else has
312:  broken it.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  We'll ask another- another question like that. If I asked you how much did you drink you might say I
312:  I drank. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} me well how much have you {C: tape noise} When dinner is on the table and the family is standing around waiting to begin what do you say to them? {C: tape noise}
312:  Sit down.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Have you ever heard somebody say draw up?
312:  No that's not familiar. No that's not {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  until the potatoes are already passed you just say well {C: tape noise} Uh You would say if um you want somebody to take some food that's being passed say
312:  Would you ha- uh would you have so and so.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh and what's another way to say uh {C: tape noise} {X} just get some for yourself. What's a nicer way to
312:  Help yourself.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. So you'd say he went ahead and
312:  helped himself.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  So if he had already
312:  helped himself.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright what {C: tape noise} If you're in a polite uh company and you decide that you don't want to eat something you say {C: tape noise}
312:  care for this.
Interviewer:  Alright. Now then if you're among intimate friends {C: tape noise}
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  If food has been cooked and served a second time you say it's been
312:  warmed over.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright you put your food in your mouth and then you {C: tape noise}
312:  chew.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call a dish made out of boiled Indian meal and some kind of liquid? Milk or water.
312:  Well there is uh {NS} dish called {C: tape noise} It's not something that we use particularly. Mm. {C: tape noise} bread. {C: tape noise} Spoon bread? {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  could be spoon bread. I'm not sure.
312:  They do have spoon bread.
Interviewer:  What- what is spoon bread?
312:  It's made out of meal.
Interviewer:  It is?
312:  Uh-huh. {C: tape noise} That is a name though that's not familiar to me. Yeah I know that could be.
Interviewer:  Is it the same as spoon bread?
312:  Uh spoon bread is baked inside the stove. Now I'm not sure whether that's the same
Interviewer:  #1 This is boiled. #
312:  #2 thing or not. # No. I don't- I n- uh I'm not familiar with mush.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 But I know what- # about what it is.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call peas, beets, okra, corn
312:  Vegetables.
Interviewer:  Alright. You would- you grow them in a
312:  garden.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh {C: tape noise} Let's see. What is that particularly southern food that's often served with uh bacon and eggs? It's made out of ground {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh white- uh uh corn on the cob
Interviewer:  No this is for breakfast.
312:  Oh breakfast.
Interviewer:  It's ground up. And it's white.
312:  Oh oh uh Uh cream of wheat uh something li- uh
Interviewer:  #1 Uh it's more southern than that. #
312:  #2 that's what #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 # Made out of wheat?
Interviewer:  No it's made out a' corn.
312:  Corn. {C: tape noise} I can't
Interviewer:  It looks exactly like cream of wheat but it's not. It's southern. And nu- I know you eat it- well I imagine you eat it.
312:  I can't. Ah I- I don't know. I can't think.
Interviewer:  When you- whenever you buy breakfast in a restaurant I- I'm sure this comes with it whether you order it or not.
312:  Oh uh grits?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  {NW} Oh yes grits. I love grits.
Interviewer:  Good ol' grits.
312:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah me too. #
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay uh are there different kinds of grits?
312:  Not that I know of. You bake grits. You can bake it and put eggs in it and cheese and
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. You can. #
312:  #2 that sort a' thing. It's good. #
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  But uh otherwise I'd just say it was grits. That's all. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  What are- uh Do you know what h- hominy grits are? {X}
312:  Yes that's- yes. Well hominy I don't know. Hominy is a big {C: tape noise} but it's- it's not ground up. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Yeah that's right.
312:  It's big.
Interviewer:  Okay fine. What do you call uh the starchy white vegetable that's grown- uh it's a grain. I'm sorry. A starchy white grain that's grown in Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas?
312:  Grain? {C: very softly}
Interviewer:  Well it's also staple food of uh China and Japan.
312:  Oh rice. {NW}
Interviewer:  for some non tax paid alcoholic beverages?
312:  Soft drinks? #1 Oh oh alcoholic. #
Interviewer:  #2 N- n- no. Alcoholic. # Yeah. {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh s- beer.
Interviewer:  N- n- no.
312:  No?
Interviewer:  These are ones that ha- they don't pay the taxes on. They make 'em {X} they brew 'em up you know in the mountains.
312:  Oh uh c- uh white lightning?
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. {NW} #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  You know any other names for it?
312:  Corn liquor. {NW}
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of {D: sploe}?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  How about uh bust head?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 That's what it does. # And moonshine?
312:  Moonshine yes.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 I've heard that. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 #
Interviewer:  When something's cooking and it makes a good impression on your nostrils you say to someone just
312:  Just smell that? {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call You gave me this word before but what do you call the sweet sticky liquid that you put on uh batter {X}
312:  Syrup.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh You might say well syrup is Oh I'm sorry uh {C: tape noise} What is the other kind of of sweet liquid uh if there's
312:  #1 Made out a' maple sugar. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  Oh oh Oh uh sorghum Uh molasses.
Interviewer:  Yes. And you might say syrup is thin but molasses
312:  is thick.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright then you might say well this isn't imitation maple syrup. It's
312:  the real thing.
Interviewer:  Or uh a word describing it. {C: tape noise} It's gen-
312:  Genuine.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Sugar is sold {C: tape noise} and wholesale it's sold {C: tape noise}
312:  #1 I don't know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay but if it isn't # packaged then it's sold
312:  in bulk.
Interviewer:  Right. What do you call the sweet spread that you make by boiling sugar and the juice out of apples or peaches or strawberry? {C: tape noise} You're making some
312:  syrup uh
Interviewer:  No. We- you're making some for the uh
312:  Jelly.
Interviewer:  Yeah. {NW} Uh what do you have on the table to season food with?
312:  Uh salt and pepper.
Interviewer:  If there are some apples and a child wants one he says {C: tape noise} Uh if somebody asks you who did something you might say well it wasn't these boys. It must a' been one of
312:  One of those. One of
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
312:  #2 them. # {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright. If you're pointing to a tree {C: tape noise}
312:  Far away. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright. {C: tape noise} He didn't go {C: tape noise} He didn't go that way. He went
312:  this way.
Interviewer:  Alright. When somebody speaks to you and you don't hear what he says what do you normally say to make him repeat it? {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh What did you say?
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh If you had a lot of peach trees you have {C: tape noise}
312:  #1 An orchard. #
Interviewer:  #2 What do you call # {C: tape noise}
312:  Orchard.
Interviewer:  Thank you. I was talking while you were Uh You might ask somebody if it's his orchard. He'll say No. I'm just a neighbor. And pointing to someone else he says he's the man
312:  who has the orchard.
Interviewer:  Alright. If a man has plenty of money {C: tape noise} or a
312:  Oh
Interviewer:  If a man's rich he doesn't have to worry. But life is hard on a man {C: tape noise}
312:  Poor. Who is poor.
Interviewer:  Yeah. {NW} When I was a boy my father was poor. But next door there was a boy
312:  who was rich.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Well- well my father was poor but next door was a boy
312:  whose father was rich.
Interviewer:  Yes. Thank you. {NW} {C: tape noise} Uh inside a cherry what do you call the part that you don't eat?
312:  Pit.
Interviewer:  How about inside a peach?
312:  That's a pit too.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh what kind of peach
312:  A stone.
Interviewer:  Alright. {X} Which has which? {C: tape noise}
312:  Well a cherry stone I believe and a peach pit.
Interviewer:  Okay. Is that what you would say?
312:  Yes I {X} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh what kind of {C: tape noise} What kind of peach is it uh What do you call a kind of peach where the flesh of the fruit is tight against the stone?
312:  That's a cling stone
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
312:  #2 Peach. {C: very softly} #
Interviewer:  And how about the kind a'
312:  That's a uh uh uh Uh Oh I know {X} {C: whispering} Uh Oh dear {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  It's alright. {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh cling stone and Oh dear that's so familiar. Give me a clue.
Interviewer:  Well there's several names for it.
312:  #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 I don't want to suggest any one. #
312:  {C: tape noise} I know it. {C: tape noise} Cling and {C: tape noise} Oh dear {C: laughing} My brain's gone again. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay would you- have you ever heard of a clear seed {C: tape noise} Free stone?
312:  Free stone is the word.
Interviewer:  Alright.
312:  That's the one I know.
Interviewer:  Alright uh After you've eaten an apple the part that's left is the
312:  core
Interviewer:  When you cut up apples or sometimes peaches and dry them you're making
312:  Uh dried fruit.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard 'em called snitz?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. What are the kind of nuts you pull up out a' the ground and roast?
312:  Oh peanuts.
Interviewer:  Any other names?
312:  Goobers. {NW}
Interviewer:  Anything else?
312:  No that's all I know. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard 'em called ground peas?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  {X}
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. What is another Name some other kinds of nuts for me.
312:  Pecans walnuts almonds
Interviewer:  Okay that's fine. {NW} Uh Well here it says the two kinds of nuts usually used in how do you say pralines? Or
312:  Pralines I say.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise} I knew they use pecans but what else do they use?
312:  Well they can use an- you can use pralines or {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  #1 Uh oh okay. #
312:  #2 English walnuts. #
Interviewer:  #1 English walnuts. #
312:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  What are English walnuts?
312:  English walnuts are the ones that uh have a uh you see them at Christmas time all the time {X} white uh light color uh shell {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  #1 They're lighter colored like American walnuts? #
312:  #2 {X} # Yes. And they are not as heavy a shell. You can crack 'em with a- with a nut. With a cracker. Nut cracker. Uh th- they're the ones that you- the English walnut I mean the American walnut you'd have to crack with a hammer. They're too thick and hard
Interviewer:  #1 Oh #
312:  #2 to cracked with a- with a # cra- nut cracker. These are that you see in the stores all the time #1 Okay #
Interviewer:  #2 that light #
312:  color. #1 ones. #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. #
312:  They're English walnuts.
Interviewer:  Alright what do you call a kind of fruit {C: tape noise} but it's with a thick skin like a lemon? It's a citrus fruit.
312:  A tangerine? Or
Interviewer:  Just like a tangerine. Same color.
312:  Uh I don't know.
Interviewer:  Well what color is a tangerine?
312:  It's a orange
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. That's the fruit. #
312:  #2 color. # Oh co- oh that's what you just oh now I was thinking of something unusual
Interviewer:  #1 Oh yeah. #
312:  #2 I {C: laughing} #
Interviewer:  From now on I'm just gonna ask what color is a tangerine.
312:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Easy to
312:  It's unusual. I was thinking of something unusual.
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah like a pomegranate or s- {NW} #
312:  #2 Orange is {X} yes {NW} #
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  Orange is very usual.
Interviewer:  Okay if there's a bowl of oranges standing somewhere standing somewhere and one day you go to get one and there aren't any left you say the oranges are
312:  Are- are gone.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh What do you call the little red vegetables that they they're roots. And they're kind of peppery. They're kind of hot. They're red on the outside and white on the inside.
312:  {NW} Peppers? No?
Interviewer:  No they're uh
312:  Red on the outside and white on the inside.
Interviewer:  They're- you cut 'em up and use 'em in salads sometimes. Not- you don't use a whole lot of 'em. Cause they're kinda hot.
312:  I don't know. I can't think.
Interviewer:  {NW} They begin with R. {C: tape noise}
312:  Hmm. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Let- let me think. {C: tape noise} When they're cut into a salad they're usually little slices about this big. And they're white with a red- the red skin. And they're hot. Okay radishes?
312:  Oh of course. {NW} {X} I use 'em all the time.
Interviewer:  Do you?
312:  Yes. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Okay would you say it
312:  Radish.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 {NS} #
Interviewer:  Alright what do you call the round red things that grow on leafy plants staked up in the garden?
312:  Tomatoes.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What do you call
312:  We always well I call them tomatoes {C: pronunciation}. I have trained myself to say tomatoes. I was trai- I was raised up to say tomatoes {C: pronunciation}
Interviewer:  You were?
312:  I was.
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  #1 But {X} everybody said it #
Interviewer:  #2 Who taught you to say it #
312:  {X} I think this uncle that was in the navy is the one that started {C: tape noise} us all and said we must say tomato [C: pronunciation}
Interviewer:  #1 Oh {NW} #
312:  #2 and so we did. # And then- but I have had to get out of it because nobody does.
Interviewer:  #1 That's true. That's true. #
312:  #2 {X} {C: laughing} # Say tomatoes now. {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright what do you call uh the little ones?
312:  #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 They're about that big. #
312:  I don't uh uh I've got some in the refrigerator right now. Um cherry tomatoes.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard those called tommy toes?
312:  No. Well I've heard of tommy toes but I never heard 'em- in reference to I've heard tommy toes as sort of a fun {C: tape noise} name for a tomato.
Interviewer:  #1 But they didn't mean specifically {X} #
312:  #2 But but not the- # Not those. No.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Tommy toes. Alright uh along with a steak you might have a baked
312:  potato.
Interviewer:  He didn't tell you to say potato {C: pronunciation} too did you?
312:  #1 No. No we didn't. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  Well there are new potatoes and uh Idaho potatoes
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  And I don't- let's white pota- I don't know what else. That would be the only ones that I could think of.
Interviewer:  Alright, what about the ones that are yellow?
312:  Yellow.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm or orange.
312:  I don't know any like that #1 except the new potatoes. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh. # No these are not they're related to potatoes. They're yellow-ish
312:  Oh uh You're not talking about carrots? {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Sweet potatoes?
312:  Oh sweet potatoes. Of course. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What's the other word for those? {C: tape noise} Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise}
312:  I think there is a difference but I'm not I don't know exactly #1 what it is. #
Interviewer:  #2 Cuz you don't eat either of 'em. #
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Me neither.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What do you call something with a strong odor? When you cut it it makes your eyes water.
312:  Oh onion.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} What about the little uh fresh onions that you eat the stalks?
312:  Uh scallions and uh {X} um spring onions we call those little ones when they come up early in the {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call the vegetable- it's kind of kinda- it's green. It's kinda slimy and they use it in New Orleans all the time to make gumbo and stuff.
312:  Oh okra. I love that.
Interviewer:  {NW} Okay. How do you make it? Do you fry it or
312:  I- I- no I just boil it.
Interviewer:  Boiled? Really?
312:  Yes I love it.
Interviewer:  Alright if you leave an apple or a plum around it will dry up and
312:  And uh spoil.
Interviewer:  Well what does it do? What does the skin do? It gets {C: tape noise} Begins with sh {C: tape noise}
312:  Shrink? No?
Interviewer:  It's like {C: tape noise}
312:  Yes. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  What is the the kind of vegetable- it's not lettuce but it comes in a big {C: tape noise} pot by hand {C: tape noise} do what to them?
312:  Um shell 'em.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Alright what do you call the large uh yellowish or green {C: tape noise} beans?
312:  Butter beans lima beans {C: tape noise} We call 'em white beans. And uh white string beans. I mean you wouldn't um or string beans. They're the same thing.
Interviewer:  Okay. And butter beans {C: tape noise} Okay. What k- what do you call the kind of beans that you eat pod and all? {C: tape noise}
312:  #1 I don't know. #
Interviewer:  #2 They're long. #
312:  I don't eat that kind.
Interviewer:  And they're cut up.
312:  No I don't know that.
Interviewer:  Green beans?
312:  {X} Oh of course {NW}
Interviewer:  Snap beans?
312:  Snap beans.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 Yes. #
Interviewer:  #1 I probably didn't describe it very well. #
312:  #2 {NW} {X} # Snap beans of course.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} and cook them up and make a mess of
312:  turnip greens.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Do you use any other kind of greens besides
312:  #1 Oh yes there's #
Interviewer:  #2 turnip {X} #
312:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 {C: tape noise} #
312:  and uh kale I love {C: tape noise} spinach. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What else is there? {C: tape noise} Do you know what poke salad is? {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh y- uh yes.
Interviewer:  What is it?
312:  I don't- I'm not sure. I've- I've never eaten it. But the the country people get it and they call it poke sallet. Sallet.
Interviewer:  Sallet?
312:  {NW} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  If you have two bunches of lettuce or cabbage you say you have two {C: tape noise}
312:  heads. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  {X} Have you ever used heads to talk about children? Like she's got three heads? {C: tape noise}
312:  Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh do you ever use the word passel?
312:  Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  Like a whole passel of kids?
312:  I've heard that but I wouldn't use it.
Interviewer:  What exactly does passel mean to you?
312:  Well it means uh uh uh whole have- uh family. They had a lot of children. They'd have a passel of children. But that would- that is uh something that country people or negroes would {C: tape noise} use or colored It wouldn't be used by the best families.
Interviewer:  I see. Okay. Uh what do you call uh the outside of an ear of corn?
312:  The uh the uh shuck.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh and what do you call the the- the little top of the corn stalk?
312:  The tassel.
Interviewer:  Yeah. And what is the kind of corn that you eat on the cob?
312:  White corn. We do. And all the- all all the yellow uh sweet corn.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
312:  #2 Yellow. # Yeah that's it.
Interviewer:  Alright uh {C: tape noise} other kinds of corn besides the ones you eat {C: tape noise}
312:  corn that they use for the cattle.
Interviewer:  Oh yeah.
312:  That kind. And that's uh the white corn is that bu- but you eat it when it's very new and fresh and and tender and then the calves have it later when it gets hard.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
312:  #2 you see? {C: laughing} #
Interviewer:  Is that why it's sometimes called mutton corn?
312:  I never heard it.
Interviewer:  You haven't heard that?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Have you heard of green corn? {C: tape noise}
312:  Well no
Interviewer:  Because that would just be unripe.
312:  Green corn would be I suppose corn that was very tender and new and {C: tape noise} would be for eating. As far as I know. I don't know. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh what do you call the stringy stuff that you have to pull out of the corn?
312:  Uh uh {C: tape noise} Silk.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What do you call the large round fruit that you make a jack o' lantern out of at Halloween?
312:  Pumpkin.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What do you call the kind a' small yellow {X} vegetable?
312:  A squash.
Interviewer:  Uh is there a name {C: tape noise} Alright. What kinds of melons are there? {C: tape noise}
312:  Watermelon {C: tape noise} mush musk melons {C: tape noise} and uh {C: tape noise} One of these big round uh {C: tape noise} I can't think {X} I don't like those {C: tape noise} light colored {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  #1 Honeydew? #
312:  #2 Uh # Honeydew. Yes.
Interviewer:  What is a musk melon?
312:  {C: tape noise} It's like a cantaloupe only I don't think it's as good as a cantaloupe. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  same color?
312:  Yes. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What do you call the little thing {C: tape noise} shaped like an umbrella. {C: tape noise} {X}
312:  Oh mushroom. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  The poisonous ones.
312:  Oh. toadstool {C: phone ringing} {NS} {X} Yeah. Well I'll come back {X} in a little while. Thank you. Thank you so much. {NS} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay uh If a man {C: tape noise} he couldn't eat that piece of meat because he couldn't
312:  swallow.
Interviewer:  What?
312:  Swallow the meat.
Interviewer:  Or uh
312:  {X} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Well he couldn't eat that piece a' meat because he couldn't swallow it.
312:  Swallow it.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 Yes {C: laughing} # {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh What do you- what are the {C: tape noise}
312:  Cigarettes. {NS} cigars.
Interviewer:  Right.
312:  Pipe.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} Uh {C: tape noise} When I ask you if you can do something and you know that you're not able to do it I- I'll say Can you? And you say
312:  #1 No #
Interviewer:  #2 No #
312:  I cannot.
Interviewer:  Or That's a little formal isn't it?
312:  {NW} I will not.
Interviewer:  Or- or just can't?
312:  I just can't.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} {NS} {C: tape noise} A boy got a whipping. You might say I bet he did something {C: tape noise} If you wanna refuse to do something in a very strong way you say no matter how many times you ask me to do that I
312:  I will not do it.
Interviewer:  Or shorter?
312:  I will- I won't.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh suggesting the possibility of being able to do something you say I'm not sure but I
312:  will try. Oh
Interviewer:  #1 Okay #
312:  #2 Uh #
Interviewer:  I want you to say it a different way. {C: laughing}
312:  I'm not sure. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  But I might
312:  I might {C: tape noise} do it. I might {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  You need another word in there.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  You say well I'm not sure but I might
312:  try.
Interviewer:  Mm would you say I mi- but I might could do it?
312:  No I wouldn't say that.
Interviewer:  But I might be able to do it.
312:  I might be able to do it.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  I would say that.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call the kind of bird that can see in the dark?
312:  Oh a owl.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And what're- what's the kind with the really high pitched voice?
312:  Oh a hoot owl.
Interviewer:  No he's got the low voice I think.
312:  Oh.
Interviewer:  This is one that has a an obnoxious voice {X}
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  {X} shrill.
312:  Hoot owl and a {C: tape noise} Mm I don't know. I can't think of it.
Interviewer:  Screech owl?
312:  Screech owl of course.
Interviewer:  Okay. Okay. What do you call a kind of bird that drills holes in trees?
312:  Uh woodpecker.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Ever heard of 'em called anything else?
312:  Red headed wood pecker.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What about a black and white animal with a powerful smell?
312:  Oh that's a skunk.
Interviewer:  Ever heard 'em called a {X} cat?
312:  Oh yes. Or {D: sashay} kitten. {NW}
Interviewer:  Is that something your family used to call 'em?
312:  Well that's what I've heard. Always all my life {C: laughing} I've heard 'em called {D: sashay} kittens.
Interviewer:  That's real cute.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What is a general term for animals that you just don't want around? {C: tape noise} I'm gonna get a gun and get rid of those {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh I can't think. I know but it just doesn't come to me.
Interviewer:  Alright. Varmints?
312:  Varmints. Yes that's a good word for it.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} little
312:  #1 Oh squirrel. #
Interviewer:  #2 animal. # Mm-hmm. Are there are there- are there different {C: tape noise}
312:  ground squirrel and a flying squirrel.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} Have you ever heard of a squirrel called a boomer?
312:  Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  Or a mountain boomer?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh {NW} What do you call the little animal that's sort of like a squirrel but it doesn't climb trees?
312:  Oh it's a {C: tape noise} pest. They are uh {NW} got little stripes down the back.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  We had- they were pests when I {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} {X} brain's gone again. Uh {NW} {NW} {D: dear}
Interviewer:  Chipmunk?
312:  Chipmunk. Of course.
Interviewer:  Okay. #1 Okay. That's alright. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Uh {C: tape noise}
312:  Well there's trout and uh catfish {C: tape noise} and uh I think there's some called brim. I'm not familiar with fish. I don't fish. #1 I never did like to fish. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # {NW}
312:  But I'm- that's about all as far as I can go on that.
Interviewer:  Alright. What do you call the little uh seawater thing that {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh oysters. {C: tape noise} Frog. {C: tape noise} Uh toad.
Interviewer:  Okay. Ever heard 'em called {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh yeah. Bullfrog.
Interviewer:  Alright. {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} Can you think of other kinds of frogs? The little tiny ones that
312:  Little tree frogs and uh {X} there's something else. {NW} I can't think {X}
Interviewer:  Peepers?
312:  I think I have heard of peepers.
Interviewer:  Or
312:  I'm not quite familiar with those.
Interviewer:  Spring frog?
312:  No. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of {X} try this. Pickering's {X} #1 or something like #
312:  #2 No. # {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call the little thing- you don't fish but the little things you dig out a' the ground to go fishing
312:  Uh worms.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Are there different kinds of worms?
312:  Well I'm {C: tape noise} and uh uh {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What is the hard shelled thing that pulls in {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh uh uh turtle. {C: tape noise} Uh uh {C: tape noise} porpoise. {C: tape noise} Uh {NW}
Interviewer:  That's close.
312:  {NW} No it's uh uh uh tort- tor- tortoise.
Interviewer:  Right.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard 'em called a terrapin?
312:  Yes. I have. Terrapin is another name for them.
Interviewer:  Okay. Have you ever heard uh a turtle that that burrows into the ground. Have you ever heard 'em called a gopher?
312:  No. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What do you call the little thing that you find in a creek when you turn over a rock?
312:  Um
Interviewer:  It swims backwards {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh I know. Crab?
Interviewer:  It's like a crab but it's not quite- it's longer. {C: tape noise} It's got kind of a long tail. {C: tape noise}
312:  I don't know. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Crawfish or
312:  #1 Crawfish yeah. #
312:  #2 Cray? Would you #
Interviewer:  say that?
312:  I'd say crawfish.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} small fan {C: tape noise} sea animals that you eat in a cocktail or fried?
312:  Oh shrimp.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} If you were gonna say uh How would you say I have a dozen
312:  shrimp.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call the insect that uh like a butterfly but it flies around at night near light?
312:  Uh Uh m- moth.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh {C: tape noise}
312:  #1 That'd be #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  clothes moths.
Interviewer:  Alright. Are there any other kinds of moth? That you can think of?
312:  I don't know. Can't think of any of 'em. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright. What about the insect that flies around at night with a- and he lights up? {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh light- well I would call 'em a lightning bug. That's what we always
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 called 'em. # Fireflies is another name. But the lightning bug is what is {NW} really what as a child that's what we called them.
Interviewer:  Okay then that's what
312:  #1 My husband called them fireflies. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Well he was {D: a doctor}.
312:  {NW} He came another part a' the country.
Interviewer:  True.
312:  {NW} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay uh uh where did your husband come from?
312:  He came- he was born in Canada and lived in New York most of his life. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay and {X}
312:  born in Halifax Nova Scotia.
Interviewer:  Halifax?
312:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And his religion was presbyterian too? Or
312:  Well he was a baptist but he became a presbyterian when he married me.
Interviewer:  Oh how nice.
312:  {NW} His father was a baptist minister. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh. # And he um you say he got his M-D from Columbia right?
312:  No Well he was not an M-D. He was a P-H-D.
Interviewer:  Oh I'm sorry.
312:  He- he taught in the medical school though for many years but he was a P-H-D from Vanderbilt. He got his- he taught in Columbia before he came to Nashville at Columbia. But he uh got his degree- first degree at university of Connecticut and then his second degree at the university of Massachusetts.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  And then got his P-H-D in- at Vanderbilt.
Interviewer:  Well what's his connection with Columbia then? He just {C: tape noise}
312:  #1 before he came to Nashville. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. Before he had his P-H-D. #
312:  Yes. Just before.
Interviewer:  And what- what was his P-H-D in?
312:  Uh bacteriology.
Interviewer:  I see.
312:  That was his subject. Bacteriology. {C: tape noise} used to be {X} {D: P-H-} before they had to be a- M-Ds because they were very scarce. Bacteriologists and immunologists were scarce. He always said scarce {X}
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  And so he was uh he was a P-H-D in it.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise}
312:  But he did teach in the medical school for twenty-eight years.
Interviewer:  Twenty-eight years.
312:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: whispering} Uh what do you call an insect that has a long body {C: tape noise} two pairs of shiny wings {C: tape noise} it's about {C: tape noise} long thin body. Looks like a needle.
312:  Oh dear.
Interviewer:  They usually hover around uh damp places. {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh uh uh {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  They look uh {NS} {C: tape noise}
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {X} Oh well. They're about this long and they've got #1 like that #
312:  #2 Oh fire- # Uh no- uh Oh I know what they are. I can't think uh what they're called. {C: tape noise} Uh {NS} I don't know. I can't remember the name of it but I know what you're talking about.
Interviewer:  Dragonfly?
312:  Dragon- dragonflies. Yes.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard people call them snake {X}
312:  No. No. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Some people think that um when you find a dragonfly it's flying around somewhere that there's a snake nearby.
312:  #1 No. I- I- #
Interviewer:  #2 Have you ever heard that story? #
312:  No I didn't hear- I haven't heard that.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} What are the different kinds of insects that sting?
312:  Well there's mosquitoes. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Those yeah.
312:  They're the most {C: tape noise} They- well they just- you get those {C: tape noise} They're very small. {C: tape noise} Mosquitoes.
Interviewer:  Well there's a whole group that you haven't touched yet. They make honey?
312:  Oh bees and- and wasps.
Interviewer:  And? {NS} What are the- {C: tape noise} they're the kind that's really nasty. They {X}
312:  #1 Hornets. #
Interviewer:  #2 they- # I'm sorry?
312:  Hornets? {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  And one more kind. It's {C: tape noise} same color as a bee only it's long and thin. And it's really worse than a bee. It- its nest is in the ground.
312:  Well hornets nests in the
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. It's like that. #
312:  #2 ground too. #
Interviewer:  But this one's yellow and black.
312:  Uh {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} green ones that hop around? {C: tape noise} Some are green and some are brown. {C: tape noise} Well they hop in the grass. {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh oh oh uh I know what you're talking about. Uh {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise}