312:  I've got one of these machines and I have been afraid to {NW} to use it. I don't know. {C: laughing} I've a little nervous about it.
Interviewer:  Is it a Sony like that?
312:  It's a Sony. It's not as large as that but it is a Sony.
Interviewer:  Is it the two reels or
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  a cassette
312:  a cassette it's a cassette
Interviewer:  Oh th-those are so much easier than these
312:  It's a cassette.
Interviewer:  We have to thread these
312:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  and they're rough.
312:  Uh I got it when my husband was ill {X} that he had um been in the first world war and we wanted t- uh hi- have his reminiscences and I'd been trying to get him to write it and he wouldn't He just didn't do it and so we had that he had him put it on tape {D: and I so I} got it on I thought it was a friend loaned to us which he said was a tape recorder and it turned out to be a dictating machine.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh. #
312:  #2 #
Interviewer:  #1 What's the difference between the {X} #
312:  #2 # #1 Well #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  I don't know exactly. It's the same principle. But we tried to get that put on tapes in the dictating machine {C: Tape noise} and we had difficulty in trying to get anybody to do it. {C: Tape noise} I went to all these places around Nashville and nobody could do it. {C: Tape noise} So then uh {C: Tape noise} My next door neighbor that's Jack Dewitt who's the official in i- what W-S-M #1 television radio place #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh yeah #
312:  So he said give it to me I'll have it. So they did it for me.
Interviewer:  Oh how nice.
312:  And then I had trouble getting it that was on regular big tapes you see. Then I had trouble getting it put onto from that onto a Sony. I finally found somebody could do that.
Interviewer:  That's good {C: laughing}
312:  I had a lot of trouble getting it done {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Okay. Did you have anybody write it down too?
312:  #1 Yes I did. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh #
312:  #1 I had that done. #
Interviewer:  #2 ah # That's interesting.
312:  And it was quite interesting. And he had done some work he was {X} professor at medical school for twenty-eight years at Vanderbilt. {C: Tape noise} And he had done some work there on this uh {C: Tape noise} um how do you call this um thing lung thing that they found at Vanderbilt. It's i- similar to uh T-B. T-B.
Interviewer:  Oh a lung disease
312:  It's um oh my goodness {C: whispering} that {X} {NW}
Interviewer:  I'm not much help.
312:  {NW} And he he saw he did some work recent work in that so he did he did {C: Tape noise} uh tape that too.
Interviewer:  I can't think of what that's called.
312:  Oh I've got it {C: whispering} {X} {C: whispering}
Interviewer:  That's good.
312:  {X} {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  {C: repeats previous part of recording. "Did you have anybody write it down? Yes I did"}
312:  I've got all my family history in these things {X} grandchildren so {NW} {C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Oh {NS}
312:  {X} {NS} {NW} {NW} {NS} That is strange. {X} the wrong {X} {NS}
Interviewer:  You said he was a teacher at Vanderbilt too?
312:  he taught in the medical school. {NS} strange {D: Why does it feel} Then my brother in law was at the Rockefeller institute. I don't know what Oh I know where that is I loaned it to somebody.
Interviewer:  Oh {NW}
312:  I got another copy in my granddaughter's {X} Something about my brother in law {NS} he had He was the one that discovered {NS} this D-N-A which is the
Interviewer:  He discovered D-N-A?
312:  Yes he did.
Interviewer:  What's his name again?
312:  Oswell T Avery. #1 And he discovered it. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh yes. #
312:  But he did not get the recognition that he should have gotten on it. Because uh the uh the uh
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  histoplasmosis.
Interviewer:  What's it
312:  Histoplasmosis. #1 That is this lung thing that looks like T-B. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh I don't know #
312:  And they discovered here at Vanderbilt that it was something else
Interviewer:  And had to be treated in a different
312:  {X}
Interviewer:  Oh {NW}
312:  Well my brother in law was uh at Rockefeller institute S-S-A for thirty-five years. And he was in- instrumental in early in discovering a way to determine what pneumonia his was field was pneumonia. And discovered that pneumonia could be treated quickly.{C: Tape noise} Find out what it was very quickly.{C: Tape noise} He discovered the the methods #1 um #
Interviewer:  #2 #
312:  #1 discovering very quickly #
Interviewer:  #2 um #
312:  what type it was so that they could treat it. And he did that but then after he retired from Rockefeller they- he stayed on there for five years. They gave him a laboratory and and helpers and everything and he discovers D-N-A.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Oh okay. {X}
312:  And in about the seven {C: Tape noise} eight years ago {C: Tape noise} he died in fifty-five and about seven eight years ago they knew all {X} and um medical uh scientific journal came out with a uh interview with the man who discovered who uh uh was instrumental in well did give the scientific prizes the Nobel
Interviewer:  Oh oh.
312:  And he said that they had made many mistakes but the greatest mistake they had ever made was not giving it to {C: Tape noise} O-T Avery when he discovered it. They didn't{C: Tape noise} realize at the time what it was that he had discovered you see.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  #1 Oh didn't realize it {X} #
312:  #2 and he died before # they came to that realization
Interviewer:  #1 Oh how about that. #
312:  #2 {NW} Isn't that dreadful. # And the other day I heard a program on T-V on uh oh I- os-{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
312:  And discussing whether they were {X} or not or with an I-Q test {X} {C: Tape noise} and they brought up this man Watson who has been he had an uh Nobel on D-N-A. #1 See from #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh. #
312:  what they {C: Tape noise} based on my brother in law's work you see. And he uh {D: well} it said he was the co-discoverer of D-N-A. {C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  The co-discoverer.
312:  #1 But he got the credit #
Interviewer:  #2 Did he even know your brother in law? #
312:  I don't know whether he did or not but he's been married to a woman many years younger but uh but it's just too bad cuz he didn't care.{C: Tape noise} It wouldn't made any difference to him {D: at all}. {C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  But uh we {X} just died didn't uh get the recognition that he {X} couldn't give it to him because he died before they found out about it {NS: laughing} #1 you see. No evidently not. #
Interviewer:  #2 They don't ever award those uh postmortem # Oh that's a shame.
312:  So that's uh but that's {X} thing that I his- uh histoplasmosis we got him to he was instrumental in discovering that that had been found and the kind of thing that it was.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Histoplasmosis. And it's like pneumonia symptoms like T-B.
312:  Yes T-B.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
312:  #2 No uh T-B yes it was T-B. # Quite similar to T-B.{C: Tape noise} And they found out that it was something different {X} here at Vanderbilt.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Was that pretty recently?
312:  Oh it was in the thirties
Interviewer:  #1 Oh okay. #
312:  #2 {X} Not right {X} #
Interviewer:  I don't know a lot about medicine
312:  No it's not it's not very recent.{C: Tape noise} And then doctor uh uh Christy has taken that up. Now he did he's retired now also. But he {D: worked that up} and did a great deal of work on {C: Tape noise} {X}
Interviewer:  Okay. Now when I hear this again I'll know something about it.
312:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Thank you. # {NW} Okay now um will you tell me your full name
312:  {B} with a C {B}
Interviewer:  E-R-I that's my favorite way of spelling it.
312:  {B} Y
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {B} {D: uh it's} Avery.
Interviewer:  Avery. How do you spell that?
312:  A-V Uh {B}
Interviewer:  And that's your maiden name.
312:  That's my maiden name yeah.
Interviewer:  And is {B} your family name?
312:  Yes this is my grandmother up here and that was her name. {B}
Interviewer:  How beautiful {X}
312:  {D: And it was Diane} {X} but her {X} name was {B} That's why I was named for her.
Interviewer:  Aw that's nice. Okay uh why don't you tell me about your parents and your four grandparents and the descendants
312:  My uh
Interviewer:  countries they have descended from.
312:  Well we've lived in Nashville for {D: over} six generations {C: Tape noise} #1 that's where my family has {C: laughing} #
Interviewer:  #2 Are you serious? six # Off of both sides?
312:  Off of um{C: Tape noise} Yes.
Interviewer:  Oh wow.
312:  Yes. And uh my grand my mother and father my mother lived to be ninety-three. My father lived to be eighty-six. And uh they uh lived in Nashville always and my grandmother and grandfather lived here always and my great great gr- great grandfather grandmother {C: laughing} they all {X} about seven generations
Interviewer:  #1 Oh #
312:  #2 {D: lived here} # in this and then behind you is my great great grandmother.
Interviewer:  Is she her mother?
312:  Her grandmother.
Interviewer:  Her grandmother.
312:  Her grandmother. Yes.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  That was painted in eighteen forty forty.
Interviewer:  #1 This one? Eighteen forty? #
312:  #2 Yeah. # She was only for- uh fifty-three when she died and that was painted when she was about fifty.
Interviewer:  She's beautiful.
312:  But she's looks like she was much older a person {X}
Interviewer:  Well her face but her face looks younger than fifty.
312:  Yes it does. This is the way they dressed then they they
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  My great grandfather who was her father was uh had a was quite celebrated for a bookstore in Nashville. He had a bookstore back from eighteen bout eighteen thirty. Til after the Civil War. And he it was quite celebrated{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  #1 Oh. #
312:  #2 within the {D: Esquire} # And it was not just a bookstore it was sort of a gathering place for the learned men in town. They went there and they discussed political things and other things and it was sort of a a celebrated place.
Interviewer:  Tell me where the public square
312:  Public square is where they uh court house is right on the river.
Interviewer:  Okay. Mm-hmm.
312:  And this uh
Interviewer:  Is it still is the square still there #1 as big as it was? #
312:  #2 {X} # Well it's changed in the last few years. They've torn down so much. You know it's just too bad that they've done that. And it doesn't look as it did. The courthouse is still in the center and it's not the same courthouse that was there originally. They put this one up maybe oh twenty-five years ago or so. But uh the square just recently they've torn down some of it. Very old buildings there that too bad.
Interviewer:  #1 That's a real shame. They're doing that in Atlanta too. #
312:  #2 It's just too bad. # Oh I know it's just a shame that they do that.{C: Tape noise} But his bookstore was on public square. Later there was a transfer station there which was quite interesting. That was the streetcars all went through this transfer station.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  And you got off and changed for a nickel you could {X} go anywhere down you know {C: laughing} Get off at the transfer station get on another car and go {D: here there and yonder} And that was the same place that's the bookstore. But uh he was quite interesting character this grandfather. He was known as a union man during the Civil War cuz he didn't believe that the union should be dissolved.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  There were a good many people in Nashville #1 that felt that way yes. #
Interviewer:  #2 There were? # Was he unpopular?
312:  Well yes in a I think they were all uh rather unpopular though he stuck to his guns and kept his views alway- though he had a son who went into confederate army and died in there while he was in service. He was twenty-one. And uh well he stuck to his guns all the way through and they said there were some that did back in {X} {D: union were in} you know the confederates they would be for them you know that was in power at the time but he he stuck to it and he helped the confederates quite a bit all the time.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  But uh he stuck to it. We've always been rather proud of him for doing it.
Interviewer:  I would be too.
312:  #1 {NW} Yes #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} sticks to his guns even if I don't agree with him. #
312:  That's right yeah. But he di- it was not- nothing to do with slavery. It was just simply the his idea that that the union should be preserved. That is the reason for it. {D: So}
Interviewer:  Can you tell me now uh you've been here for six generations so before that where did your country {X}
312:  Well my uh {C: Tape noise} my one set came from North Carolina over Newburn North Carolina. Came there in seventeen hundred.
Interviewer:  Which set?
312:  That was the Bryants. Her husband this from the husband of miss Katherine Barry.
Interviewer:  And that's on your mother's side?
312:  My mother's side.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  They came from North Carolina.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  And where did they come to North Carolina from? England or
312:  From England.{C: Tape noise} {X} And uh then I have that family all the back to nine ninety in France when they would be R-I-E-N-N-E's.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  And uh then uh of {C: Tape noise} the Barrys {C: Tape noise} came here from Maryland. They settled in Maryland. First they came over from England. And I think I- I can't pin point them back exactly but I think they were from Uh Dover. Uh not Dover but down in Dever England.
Interviewer:  Oh yeah.
312:  Well {D: cuz} I have some records that {C: Tape noise} have these people the same Barrys of the same name there that I think they must've been but we lack a generation or two there that we can't pin point. But uh they came from England. They came from Maryland and then they came down here in eighteen fifteen from Maryland and settled in Hickman county Tennessee. A whole group of them came from Maryland at that time and settled down there. Then uh my father's family came from uh Virginia originally. There into Kentucky into Lexington and then down here.
Interviewer:  And are they both from Where were they from before Virginia?
312:  In uh Wales.
Interviewer:  Wales.
312:  Yes. Welsh.
Interviewer:  Is Avery a Welsh name?
312:  Uh Avery is English I think. Or it was originally French. I think they came over with the Normans.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  My husband said it was uh A-U-B-R-E-Y in France.
Interviewer:  Like Aubrey?
312:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 Kind of. # #1 Probably not pronounced that way. #
312:  #2 In France. # No in France. But uh I think that's it came over with the conqueror. But uh And my he my husband's family his father and mother came from England direct in eighteen seventy-three and settled in Canada. in- at Halifax. His father was a baptist minister. And s- and he was a uh belonged to the episcopal church in England and then he was uh converted to baptist church by Spurgeon who was a very famous evangelist in England at that time.
Interviewer:  Ah.
312:  It was like there were some {X} here {X}
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
312:  #2 {X} kind of thing. # Well not Billy Sunday but Billy Graham {X} going back too far.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  I've heard of Billy Sunday. {NW}
312:  {X} Anyway uh he came over to{C: Tape noise} to Canada to Halifax to found a church in Halifax.{C: Tape noise} And my husband and his brothers were born in Halifax. And then they came to New York. He accepted a call to a church a mission church in the Bowery in New York when my husband was just eighteen months old.
Interviewer:  Oh. {C: laughing}
312:  And we came down there {C: laughing} and uh had this church in the Bowery and uh he died. He worked himself to death I think. Died when my husband was just six years old.
Interviewer:  Aw.
312:  So his mother stayed on as a miss- she was a missionary there too and that's where they lived in New York {X}. And then uh let's see my {X}
Interviewer:  Now how long how long uh did your husband's parents live in New York?
312:  Oh they lived there and his mother died in nineteen ten.{C: Tape noise} And his father died in nineteen hundred and one or two I think. Something like that.
Interviewer:  So his mother died when he was very young too.
312:  Well
Interviewer:  Twelve?
312:  Oh no no he was grown when his mother was he was born eight- eighteen eighty-five.
Interviewer:  {NW} Oh I see.
312:  You see.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  And so he was he was grown when his mother died. And uh my husband went to university of Connecticut and was graduate at the university of Connecticut and then received uh a degree from the university of Massachusetts. Uh M-A. And then he got a P-H-D at Vanderbilt and he came down here nineteen twenty-five. He came down here when the Vanderbilt medical school was reorganized and moved where it is now
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  on the west campus i- it was over in south Nashville before that.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  And then it was moved down t- over to the west campus in nineteen twenty-five and reorganized and my husband came down with the doctors who came from New York from he was at Columbia before he came to Nashville. And then they {X} doctors from Columbia. Rockefeller and uh Johns Hopkins came down here to reorganize the medical school.
Interviewer:  Well they picked good schools
312:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 to have them reorganize it. #
312:  So that's uh when he came here.
Interviewer:  Okay now tell me about yourself. Um How old are you first of all?
312:  I'm- will be eighty-one in September. {C: both laughing}
Interviewer:  Alright and so that's okay so you're eighty right now.
312:  #1 Yeah that's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Eighty-one in September. Okay and tell me about your schooling.
312:  Well my schooling I came at a period came along when either girls went to college or not I mean it was just at the period when they were beginning to think about going to college
Interviewer:  #1 don't you see? #
312:  #2 Oh I see yeah mm-hmm # They hadn't done it before.
Interviewer:  Right.
312:  It was just on the verge you you did or didn't. And I didn't. I went to Ward Belmont. I went to Belmont college which was before that was not as it is now.
Interviewer:  I don't know Belmont college.
312:  See Belmont college was a girls school Ward seminary was in Nashville right in the middle of the city.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  It was on eighth avenue and church street right there in the middle of the city.
Interviewer:  Right downtown.
312:  That was a fe- uh girls boarding school. Belmont was out where it is where it wa- where Bel- #1 {X} is now. #
Interviewer:  #2 {C: Laughing} # Where is that?
312:  That's out on se- at the end of sixteenth avenue at the very far end of music city.
Interviewer:  Okay right.
312:  Sixteenth avenue. Well it was an old home. The {X} family had this very beautiful {C: Tape noise} home and the house is still standing and they're restoring it now.{C: Tape noise} Beautiful antebellum{C: Tape noise} mansion there. And two ladies miss {D: Hood} and miss {D: Helen} bought {X} late nineties I think{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  And had a girls school there. Boarding school.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  {X} college age girls then?
312:  Well it was no it was called Belmont college {X} it was not a college.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  It was a girls boarding school.
Interviewer:  For high school age girls?
312:  Yes. And and colle- and uh Two year college.
Interviewer:  I see.
312:  And so uh I lived right across the street from the school so I went but with {X} very few boarding students.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  And I went I mean they st- I went there{C: Tape noise} had a great many boarding students from all over the south.{C: Tape noise} And I {X} and I went there.{C: Tape noise} Uh and then then in nineteen thirteen Ward. Miss h-Hood and miss Helen were getting along in years and decided they'd like to get out of the business and so Ward seminary wanted to move out from town so they bought the school you see and began {D: Ward at} Belmont.
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
312:  And it was a very fine school{C: Tape noise} there {X} and then it became quite a{C: Tape noise} uh big day student. They had a great many day students and very fine school {D: uh high} and and two years college.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  But So I went the first year. I finished up the first year of Ward Belmont. And I'd head ba- actually it's equivalent of two years of college #1 but that was that was it. #
Interviewer:  #2 uh huh, okay #
312:  Then I went to art school there for quite a while and and helped assisted in our department for several years. Then I I went into commercial artwork. I did some com- about three years commercial artwork before my marriage.
Interviewer:  I see.
312:  So that's that was mine.
Interviewer:  Alright did you work any after your marriage?
312:  Uh no just no no didn't work any after marriage.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright. Will you draw me a picture since you're {C: laughing} commercial artist at one time uh the house that you grew up in?
312:  Well
Interviewer:  Uh just a blueprint a floor plan of the rooms
312:  Oh
Interviewer:  So I can see how big it was.
312:  Well it was um my father built this house in nineteen seven up on that uh second door from{C: Tape noise} Ward Belmont up on top of the hill.
Interviewer:  Is it still there?
312:  No it's in the middle of the- uh the sight of it is in the middle of the intersection that they had torn down everything {D: by it} {C: laughing} {D: And I thought alright} {C: laughing} Uh let's see. It had a porch no {X} {D: this porch actually this way} came out here there. Now th- it had a hall. That's where they had then. They didn't have It had an entrance hall. And then the stairway went up here into a side hall. There's a living room here.{C: Tape noise} {X} hall. And uh this was stairway.
Interviewer:  Show me the front show me the door.
312:  This is the door here.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 This is the front door. #
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  This the porch here. And then that right here is the dining room. And there's a pantry here and we- there's a pantry there and the kitchen here.{C: Tape noise} {X} this hall and there's a door outside{C: Tape noise} there.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay will you name those rooms too?
312:  This is a dining alright and kitchen.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: whispering}
312:  And pantry. And uh then upstairs there were four bedrooms. porch out here. {D: Stay away from here.} {C: whispering} And a bath there. You know. It's nineteen hundred and seven. It just had one bath for four bedrooms. And uh there's a hall here. Uh. I don't know exactly {X} {C: whispering} There {X} here {C: whispering} This {D: isn't very} and a stairway there. That's right it's bigger than that but that's fine {C: laughing}.
Interviewer:  That's close enough.
312:  {NW} Uh this was a a closet here. You know you didn't have closets in those days. They didn't build closets.
Interviewer:  What would they have?
312:  They had wardrobes.
Interviewer:  Oh those pieces of furniture.
312:  Yes and so we had a a big closet here between these two rooms. Uh but W- decided they need another bathroom so they made a bath out of that.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  And so that eliminated that closet. So when I built my home In nineteen thirty-four woodmont estates it's uh on the other end of woodmont boulevard I decided that I wanted all the closets I could possibly have.
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  So I had a closet in every crack and corner in that place and I do miss them. I can tell you.
Interviewer:  I bet.
312:  {X} little porch here and steps going down that side there.{C: Tape noise} Had this hallway.
Interviewer:  So you had two porches upstairs too.
312:  I had a- no just one porch. That's a- this is a- oh wait a minute this downstairs that's wrong.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  This is the porch is out here on this downstairs.{C: Tape noise} Steps going out here. here a walkway. {X}
Interviewer:  Okay. So that was the back door.
312:  Yeah {D: that's just a} street yes {X}
Interviewer:  Now this porch that looks #1 hung over the kitchen kinda? #
312:  #2 That's a little porch # Uh no it's outside. There was a little porch oh wait there a little porch down here under it. {X}
Interviewer:  And this one was on top of that?
312:  Yeah that's on top of that. {X}
Interviewer:  I see.
312:  Um there are four bedrooms and an enormous attic over the whole thing.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Over the whole thing?
312:  Yes. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  {X} a nice house. Why don't we just call these bedrooms so nobody'll get confused. Alright now w- were any of these porches screened in?
312:  No. No.
Interviewer:  Okay. They were all just
312:  {X} Just this porch is. That is before this got screening in things so much you know
Interviewer:  Okay um. Uh let me ask you something we've got something in your living room that you burn a fire in and the smoke goes up. What do you call that?
312:  A mantel. I mean a fireplace.
Interviewer:  Okay and did you have one?
312:  Yes. Oh yes.
Interviewer:  And what do you call the thing that uh the smoke goes up?
312:  I had one here. Chimney.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Uh there
Interviewer:  Three.
312:  And had one in this room. Didn't have one in th- oh yes we did have one in this room.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  And those two had to keep the other two bedrooms warm?
312:  Well they- we had a furnace.
Interviewer:  Oh you did.
312:  Yes it was a furnace. But we had these fireplaces. Because you didn't trust the furnaces. Where I had lived before we didn't have a furnace. And we didn't have electricity. And when we moved up here my father put in electricity but he didn't trust it.
Interviewer:  {NW} Aw.
312:  We had all the {X} fixtures were gas and electricity.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  We never used the gas but he didn't trust the electricity so he had the gas just in case you see.{C: Tape noise} And i- it were never used. {X} But but they all the fixtures had the gas things went up electric tric-tric- went down
Interviewer:  {NW} And you never had to use gas?
312:  Never had to use the ga- well we used the gas in the kitchen stove
Interviewer:  Oh of course.
312:  But they didn't use the gas as as lights. But he didn't trust it. {NW} Cuz we hadn't had electricity was young.
Interviewer:  It was new.
312:  #1 {X} {C: laughing} #
Interviewer:  #2 Newfangled. Young. # Alright um when you're building a fire you have one log that's bigger than all the rest of 'em. Do you have a special name for that?
312:  That's a yule log. Or that's what you use at Christmas time.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh but just in general.
312:  Oh I don't {X} (X} I don't know.
Interviewer:  Okay. If you don't have a special word for it
312:  I don't have a special name.
Interviewer:  Alright how about the little pieces of wood that you start the fire?
312:  Kindling.
Interviewer:  Okay. Any other names for that? {X} Alright. Uh have you ever heard of light wood?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh what do you call the uh black stuff that forms inside the chimney?
312:  Oh soot?
Interviewer:  Okay. Now what do you call that piece of furniture that you're {X}
312:  Chair.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright. What do you call this piece of furniture?
312:  {X}
Interviewer:  Uh let's see I don't think we've talked about this yet. Um There's {X} in here. A piece of furniture usually in the bedroom with drawers in it that
312:  Uh chest chest of drawers. #1 Or a bureau it could be. #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: Alright um} # Okay. You would call it either?
312:  I would call it a chest of drawers. Now in the old days they were bureaus. And they had a mirror attached to them.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
312:  That was a bureau but I wouldn't call what I have now{C: Tape noise} a che- a a bureau. I would call it a chest of drawers.
Interviewer:  Because it doesn't have a mirror?
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um I- what do you call think maybe you've already mentioned this but what do you call all this stuff together that you fill up a house with?
312:  Furniture.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now then um If you have You don't want the light to come into your window and you have something on rollers that you pull down.
312:  Shade.
Interviewer:  Okay. What about the ones that have um I don't know how to describe it. They have slats.
312:  Oh uh venetian blind yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. Let's see now you've talked about all these. There's a- these are all the rooms in the house. You've talked about most of it. Oh what do you call a lot of old worthless things that you're worth- worthless things that you're about to throw away?
312:  {D: uh} stuff {NW} That's what I just got rid of a lot of stuff. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  #1 Do you ever call it anything else? #
312:  #2 And it's # It's uh I don't know. {D: I try} to remember. But I did get rid of what I've been calling it lately is stuff. Because {C: laughing} And and I got a good deal of money for that stuff.
Interviewer:  Did you?
312:  Yes.{C: laughing} {NW} It's amazing what people will pay for that. {NW}
Interviewer:  Would you ever call it junk?
312:  Yes. Junk is a {NW} name for it.
Interviewer:  Did you ever I don't think you had one in this house but some people have a room in their house that they use just to put junk in.
312:  Oh I didn't have- we had the attic in this #1 that you put the junk in. #
Interviewer:  #2 okay # Alright have you ever heard of a plunder room?
312:  I've heard of it but it's not it's not uh usual in this part of the country.
Interviewer:  Okay. Where is- I think it's in Alabama isn't it?
312:  I don't know but it's not- that's not a Nashville name{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. Okay. {X} If you're doing the daily housework you might say you're go around dusting and sweeping
312:  Cleaning?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Okay. What do you call the thing that you sweep with?
312:  A vacuum cleaner.{C: Tape noise} Oh you mean a broom?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright. If the broom is in the corner and the door is open you say the broom is where compared to the door?
312:  I don't- I don't understand {X}
Interviewer:  Okay um say to give you a demonstration
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Say the broom is here.
312:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And you were {X} say it was compared to the door.
312:  I've heard of it but{C: Tape noise} {NW}
Interviewer:  Some of these are hard to explain for me.
312:  Oh.
Interviewer:  Okay. Let's see. {C: whispering} Alright uh Years ago on Monday women usually did their
312:  Washing.
Interviewer:  And then on Tuesday?
312:  Ironing.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  And what if you- what might you call the two together? I have to go do
312:  Laundry.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  {D: Okay.}
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright if the door is open and you don't want it that way you might say
312:  Close it. Close it?
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call the boards on the outside of the house that lap over each other?
312:  Oh uh um Clap boards
Interviewer:  Okay. Um say you were gonna get in your car and go somewhere you would say {X}
312:  Drive.
Interviewer:  Alright. If you got in your car yesterday and went somewhere you?
312:  I drove.
Interviewer:  Alright.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  And then you might say well ever since I got my license I have
312:  Driven.{C: Tape noise} {NW}
Interviewer:  There's an example
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright what do you call the part that covers the top of the house?
312:  A chi- a roof.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call uh the little things along the edge of the roof that carry the water off?
312:  Oh. Gutters.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um what do you call a little building out back that's used for storing wood?
312:  Lean to? No that would be if you had it attached to the house.
Interviewer:  Oh is that the difference? Those are attached to the house?
312:  Yes the lean to is attached to the house. Um I don't know. A- a woodshed.
Interviewer:  Okay. How about if it had tools in it?
312:  Tool shed.
Interviewer:  Alright.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay uh before people had bathrooms indoors they had 'em outside.
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  What'd you call those?
312:  I- I called them- I don't think they're privies.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
312:  That's one {D: name} Uh
Interviewer:  Was that a polite name?
312:  Uh let me see what were they called? A privy is not the name that I would have called it. That is the name or the accepted name for it. But out {C: Tape noise} {D: Oh dear.} But I don't think we called it a privy.
Interviewer:  Would you call it an outhouse?
312:  Outhouse.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  And did you have any um joking names for it? Any names that maybe weren't so polite?
312:  No I don't remember any.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh Alright I think I'm gonna go on to the stuff about Nashville now.
312:  Alright.
Interviewer:  We- then we'll go back to the farm maybe tomorrow. Okay. Will you tell me what the major parts of Nashville are. How it's kind of divided up.
312:  Well there's uh the main part of Nashville. There's east Nashville. And uh
Interviewer:  And what kind of a section is that?
312:  Well now it was back oh before in the eighties and nineties a very good section. As they say s- now that it was the Belle Meade of Nashville and I don't think that. I don't think it ever was that.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  But it was a good very good section of town and then people began to move ba- move over into west side and it uh over out into west end and {x} park. then uh there's south Nashville which is a very poor section. East Nashville is not uh too good now.
Interviewer:  Okay. Is it has it become integrated?
312:  Yes very much so.
Interviewer:  Oh okay.
312:  Yes. And uh south Nashville has always been a poor- well no I take that back. Back in the early days when the university was there university of Nashville
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  was there is was a very good section back in I would say in the sixties eighteen sixties seventies it was very good in south Nashville. That is out if you go down church uh fourth avenue and fifth avenue on #1 {X} beyond broad street out that way is south Nashville. {C: Tape noise} #
Interviewer:  #2 yeah # I've been there.
312:  I know it. Now there uh there precluding a lot in south Nashville as speaking of it that I don't consider south Nashville at all. South Nashville was back out there. It was a very poor section later.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Uh has been for a good many years. West Nashville Now we are included in speaking of it as west Nashville but I don't consider that we're in west Nashville at all. West Nashville to me has always been out over the other side of west end avenue. Way over
Interviewer:  Past Belle Meade?
312:  Past past oh oh yes. Way over that way, You see here's uh west end goes this way you see and over there is was where the penitentiary is on Charlotte avenue you see that was west Nashville to me always. #1 Now they're including us in west Nashville and I do- I resent it. #
Interviewer:  #2 {C: laughing} #
312:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 # Okay what kind of an area is west Nashville?
312:  Well it's poor.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Poor area.
Interviewer:  Or the area you consider west Nashville.
312:  Well well yeah that I consider west Nashville yes. And it's and that's where this university is out there #1 and it's {x} there you see. #
Interviewer:  #2 oh #
312:  That's uh that's {X} and it isn't too good. But th- the best section is out this way and it takes {X} territory through {NS} excuse me.{C: Tape noise} {NS}
Interviewer:  There's someone at your door too. Shall I get it?
312:  No I'm not. {NW} They're no good {X} I didn't know {X} When it was stuck {X} {X} Alright you do that. {NS}
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  {X}
Interviewer:  Oh. {C: laughing} Was she trying to open a can or so-
312:  Yeah open a a casserole that somebody had given.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  It had frozen.
Interviewer:  Oh is this your kitchen?
312:  Yes this is my kitchen. And I
Interviewer:  How cute.
312:  Oh I've been making {D: prince} jelly and that's why all the pots and pans are still there.
Interviewer:  #1 It's so cute. #
312:  #2 Um and it's very different {X} #
Interviewer:  I know it {X} much counter space.
312:  No. I'm doing it for traveler's rest which is a museum {X} run by the colonial dames and we have a fair the first of September {C: Tape noise} in one day and will make a tremendous amount of money.
Interviewer:  Now who are the colonial dames?
312:  That's the national society of colonial dames of America.
Interviewer:  So like the daughters of the American revolution?
312:  Well we consider ourselves {X} {D: beyond} {C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  I see. {NW}
312:  Well you have to be before the revolution.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh #
312:  #2 You see this comes # You have to have your ancestors had to have some civic office or uh oh uh an officer in the army before July the fourth seventeen seventy-six.
Interviewer:  Ah ha. {NW} That's- I like that.
312:  Anyway we have a house out here off of the franklin road that's a very old place that we have had our museum house and we to raise money to operate the place it takes a good deal of money. It is open to the public. And uh we have this fair one day in the first of September and we raise- astonishingly I have never understood how we do it it's ama- #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 I see #
312:  #1 {X} we took in twenty-seven thousand dollars. #
Interviewer:  #2 # Wow. {NW} #1 {D: Must be something there.} #
312:  #2 And we wait all year # on this and I make a great deal of jelly and pickle for it and I didn't know whether I'd be able to do it. I've just been in this apartment not quite a year and well I would be able to do it this year not I'm making the jelly. I can't make the {X} this year because the pickle is mustard {X} smells too {D: loud}
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  {NW} be able to do that but I am trying to make the jelly.
Interviewer:  {NW} That's funny.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  You probably smell up the whole hallway.
312:  Oh it would be horrible if I did pickle
Interviewer:  Okay um more neighborhoods.
312:  Alright.
Interviewer:  We've just been {D: talking}
312:  Uh let's see. Well you see the best as the years have gone on I remember when I was a child small child uptown was a residential a good part of it was residential {X} just beginning to {D: come} out {C: Tape noise} and uh sixth avenue my uncle and aunt lived and my grandmother ha- they lived in the same house on sixth avenue right uh below the sa- {D: Hunditch} hotel right there on that {X} big old house with columns at the front and then all the very {X} people lived on eighth avenue {C: Tape noise} from church to broad homes. They were all reside- residences in there in the early nineteen hundreds you see. And then it began to gradually move out out west end.
Interviewer:  I see.
312:  Out that way and it gradually and uh {C: Tape noise} First it was all residential then it That- vanderbilt university was built in seventeen in eighteen seventy-five. And it was in the country. Way out in the country you see. And it gradually came out that way and all the residents {NW}{C: Tape noise} residential got to be the most important residentials all along that street and it just gradually came out and out and out until it got out into Belle Meade which is the residential {X}.{C: Tape noise} {X} now you see.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Is it the {X}
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  #1 What about uh #
312:  #2 {X} on into {D: Chickaree} and {D: Rould} and on out into there over Belle Meade goes on out you see. #
Interviewer:  What about up by the lake where the country music {X}
312:  Well that's uh {C: Tape noise} uh a great many of these people that live in Belle Meade have- has co- cottages have summer places out there. #1 Some of them do who that are #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh! #
312:  interested in water sports and that sort of thing or have boats you see. On the river. On the uh lake.
Interviewer:  I see.
312:  And uh it but west end and all this section out here in Belle Meade is really the best section{C: Tape noise} and Hillsborough and {X} it's all a good section of town.
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright alright now are those the- all the sections you can think of?
312:  #1 Yes. Yes that's #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 # Okay. Where are the main offices of the biggest banks located?
312:  Oh downtown uh on on uh {X} national bank is on union street which is the financial street of Nashville.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay that's {X} {NW}
312:  And then of course the other banks all clustered around.
Interviewer:  And how about the oldest and largest stores?
312:  Well {D: ken sloane} is is {X} and {D: casternaut} are on church street downtown. They have branches out. They are the largest and oldest stores{C: Tape noise} here.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {X} came in later but uh they are the oldest.
Interviewer:  Alright with that uh the financial district and the stores
312:  #1 are right th- down {X} yes #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} {D: would you say} #
312:  Right there in- in the center of the city.{C: Tape noise} And the and the uh uh the insurance companies {D: national} life and L-N-C{C: Tape noise} tower they're all right in the center of the city.
Interviewer:  Okay. And church street that is the main street.
312:  #1 That is the main street. #
Interviewer:  #2 That's like the peachtree street of atlanta isn't it? #
312:  Yes it was spring street originally
Interviewer:  #1 Was it? #
312:  #2 {X} # {D: Replaced it} because there was a spring down where the the the uh first uh settlement {X} {D: Nashborough} was right at the base of on the river uh at church street. and it was called spring street but then all the churches began to build on that street
Interviewer:  #1 so they called it church street. #
Interviewer:  #2 {C: laughing} # Makes sense. {NW} When when did that change {X}?
312:  Uh well {NW} I'm of sixth generation of the first presbyter- was the first presbyterian church is is now the downtown presbyterian church which we had a split in nineteen fifty-five and they went out to {D: grantling} road and built a mansion church out there. And uh we stayed downtown. But that was built in eighteen fourteen originally.
Interviewer:  #1 The first presbyterian #
312:  #2 Uh the first # Uh i- yeah it was was the first church in {x} the downtown presbyterian church.{C: Tape noise} The first building was built in eighteen fourteen and then uh that burned in eighteen thirty-two and then that building burned in eighteen forty-eight and the one that's there now was built in after in eighteen forty-eight to fifty-one.
Interviewer:  Well that's still a very {X}
312:  It's a very old building and it's a very{C: Tape noise} it's very uh historic and um interesting{C: Tape noise} architecturally because it is in the Egyptian style of architecture.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Is it?
312:  #1 Yes it is. You must see it. #
Interviewer:  #2 I'll have to go see it. # Where is it on church
312:  It's right on the corner of fifth and church. It's a great bi- you can't #1 miss it. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh #
312:  It's a great big building with two tall big towers. It's most interesting.
Interviewer:  I'm presbyterian myself.
312:  Are you? Well my daughter goes to the central presbyterian.
Interviewer:  Oo yeah. That's too far downtown for me. #1 We have a neighborhood church. #
312:  #2 Well she went first at um # a church in Decatur. {C: Tape noise} the uh north Decatur
Interviewer:  That's my church.
312:  Is it? Well she was there.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  And then she went- she moved over. She went to another uh new northern presbyterian church out there that was just beginning. I've forgotten it's saint saint something. And uh But she I don't know. They didn't like that somehow and they decided to go to the central. So they went to central.
Interviewer:  Have you seen central?
312:  #1 Yes I I've been there. It's right down in the middle of town yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 It's right downtown. # have you seen the north Decatur one too?
312:  Uh not rece- yes I have.
Interviewer:  It looks like a
312:  Oh yes. {X} when she was there.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now uh we talked about the neighborhoods once
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  but are there any neighborhoods that are- particularly identified with certain nationality? Maybe a Greek neighborhood or a Jewish neighborhood or Uh
312:  Mm
Interviewer:  Spanish?
312:  No I don't think so.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  I don't believe so. It used to be way back {X} back in in uh north Nashville there was a German settlement. That was there early though and the- before the Civil War and some Germans came and they settled there down in that section. I think th- I read recently there's a church down there catholic church that was uh built at that time.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  Still operating.
Interviewer:  Does it still have services in German?
312:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Oh okay. But are there descendants still in that area?
312:  There's still some that are still around. I don't know whether they're all in that area. There may be some but{C: Tape noise} there's still s- descendants in Nashville.
Interviewer:  I notice a lot of German names just going through the phone book.
312:  Germans but there's not they're not segregated into one place.
Interviewer:  Oh no I I just thought maybe
312:  And the Jews are just mixed around.
Interviewer:  Okay. Then- but there are black neighborhoods.
312:  Oh yes.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now are there names for these neighborhoods that outsiders like myself wouldn't recognize? Do you have any
312:  Well cuz there's green hill. That's on hillsborough road. That is a new fairly new I moved there in thirty-four and it was just beginning. It wasn't green hills then but it was came in later just after that in the forties I should say. That's an uh an area.
Interviewer:  A black area?
312:  #1 No no it's not a black no that's a good area. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh oh I'm sorry. #
312:  But uh no I don't know of any uh except in south Nashville and north Nashville{C: Tape noise} are the black areas.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  And out in is becoming west Nashville. And they've built it into over into Belmont and into the music city area. The blacks have have come over there.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um {X} we talked about {X} Alright can you talk to thank you Can you talk to me about uh some of the local landmarks. Now I know about Opryland and music road
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  What are some other
312:  #1 Well well there's centennial park #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} parks and {X} # Yeah.
312:  And it's that was the centen- see centen- {D: as there.} In eighteen seventy-six.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Was that- tell me
312:  I mean eighteen ninety-seven. {D:I'm getting} mixed up
Interviewer:  Oh it's not eighteen seventy-six?
312:  No eighteen ninety-seven.
Interviewer:  Oh for Tennessee.
312:  Tennessee. For Tennessee.{C: Tape noise} It should have been ninety six but they couldn't get it ready for ninety six.{C: Tape noise} {NW} But that was the centennial park.
Interviewer:  Now is the ce- is centennial park ever called by anything any other names?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  They they uh see they had all the buildings there. It was quite a big thing. And uh then afterward they tore down most of the buildings except the Parthenon which they kept. And then that was a rather temporary building course for the centennial.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And then it stayed there until in the thirties when they made it a permanent thing. Thirty {X} thirty-four thirty-five in there they built it {X} concrete and they {x} building of it{C: Tape noise} It's pretty. I saw it yesterday. #1 Very nice #
312:  #2 Uh # Well let's see. There's uh {X}{C: Tape noise} there was the hermitage. It's outside of Nashville.{C: Tape noise} Twelve miles out. {X} Jackson {X}{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  If I get a chance
312:  I'm on the board there. I've been on that board for thirty-five thirty years or so. I don't know how long. {C: laughing} And uh {C: laughing} that's uh twelve miles from Nashville
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  That's very worthwhile. And then they we have also the home of Andrew Jackson's secretary and nephew who is across the road which is {x} That's a very beautiful home too. That's connected with the hermitage. And and traveler's rest is this museum house that um speaking of a while ago it's very interesting. That's out off the franklin road.
Interviewer:  Did it used to be an inn?
312:  #1 No it was not. It was a very very #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} Oh. #
312:  very uh important national family the Elberton family which was a very very one of the very fine old families here. And they say that travelers used to come and they'd take them in and they just got to be called traveler's rest and some man came and stayed was to stay over night and lived there 'til he died.
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  But it's uh it's just a family home. It was a family home.
Interviewer:  That's interesting. Alright um if you were flying home from New York say Where would you say you land?
312:  At the airport.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Now uh you call it the airport. So do I but what's it's name?
312:  Uh Oh dear. What is its name? {D: Bearfield}
Interviewer:  Okay. Does anybody ever refer to it as {X}
312:  Not not really {C: laughing} {NW}
Interviewer:  Just the airport.
312:  Yes.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright if you were driving in from out of state on one of those real big roads. What are those called?
312:  Uh interstate.
Interviewer:  Okay. Say you were coming in from Atlanta or from Chattanooga.
312:  I'd come on the interstate uh {D: which} is that twenty-four.
Interviewer:  Okay. Do you- would you normally call it by a number?
312:  No I wouldn't.
Interviewer:  You'd just say that
312:  It's just interstate.
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh where might you stop along the interstate? To rest or
312:  Oh at uh the uh Now what do they call those places?
Interviewer:  They have picnic grounds.
312:  I know. {NW} There's {D: one first} before you get into Chattanooga.{C: Tape noise} Uh rest stop? {X}
Interviewer:  If that's what you call it.
312:  #1 Well there's uh there's uh #
Interviewer:  #2 That's what I call it. #
312:  Another name for those that have houses.{C: Tape noise} Uh What do you call it? Rest areas? I guess that that's it.
Interviewer:  Those that have houses?
312:  I mean the- with uh rest rooms.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh oh yeah. #
312:  #2 That's uh {X} you see. #
Interviewer:  And those are different from rest stops?
312:  There's a little bit different name for them. I can't recall right now.
Interviewer:  I don't know either.
312:  But it's uh just a rest area. I'm not sure. It may be just the same.
Interviewer:  Okay. Well do you call it the same?
312:  #1 I guess I {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {C: laughing} # Okay. {NW} What do you call the thing that's painted down the road to help you stay in your lane?
312:  Oh.
Interviewer:  Down the middle of the road.
312:  {D: oh uh} Line? Yellow line?
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright. Uh when you wanna get off one of those interstates
312:  Uh exit.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh do you have- alright that's uh a limited access road because you know {X}
312:  #1 Yes. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  #1 That's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 # Are there any other kinds of limited access roads especially those that go through the city?
312:  Yes there's uh uh Now what do they call this? They just they haven't gotten it finished here. Uh. Now the one in {D: Atlanta} I know is is{C: Tape noise} two twenty eight. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Oh two eighty-three?
312:  Two eighty-five yes. {C: laughing} Uh um let's see what do they call inter- inter loop I believe they're going to call this one at Nashville.
Interviewer:  The inter loop?
312:  Inter loop {X} it's going to be called. It's not finished.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. We call ours the perimeter.
312:  I know. That's
Interviewer:  In Washington they call it the beltway.
312:  Oh yes they
Interviewer:  So everybody's different name.
312:  yeah the perimeter's in Atlanta. I remember that. I get on that and go one stop and get off to go to {D: Martha's}
Interviewer:  That's right. That would {X} I'm getting homesick. {NW} Okay uh We talked about the main streets. Alright uh if you Alright a- a place in the road where you have to stop and wait for the train to go across. What's that called?
312:  Um. Oh dear. {C: very softly} Railroad crossing.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  How about if it went over you and just- it didn't need to stop. It just
312:  Uh that would be a uh overpass.
Interviewer:  Okay. Would you ever call it a viaduct?
312:  Yes. The viaduct we have one and that is a viaduct{C: Tape noise} over broad street over the used to be the railroad tracks at union station in front of the union station. #1 That is a viaduct. #
Interviewer:  #2 That's right. #
312:  We have two. We have the west end #1 uh broad street viaduct and the church street viaduct. #
Interviewer:  #2 {C: laughing} #
312:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # I guess I went over the broad street one.
312:  Ah you went over the broad street one. And the next one over is church street and that's the church street viaduct.
Interviewer:  Well what's the difference then between a viaduct and a
312:  Well I think it it in my mind a viaduct is a much larger thing than- than a just a overpass of a railroad track. That- this went over a great many tracks you see.
Interviewer:  Right. It sure did. {NW} I though we were going over a {X} Okay if you were going to park say you're parking downtown and the cars are against the the curb like this and you have to you know come in.
312:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Get yourself in there. What's that called? What kind of parking is that?
312:  Um. Parking? {X} I'd just park. That's all. Oh uh uh Wait a minute. {X} What'd you call it? {D: very softly} {D: I don't know} It's {X}
Interviewer:  Would you call it parallel parking?
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW} I couldn't think of it. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  I like to yeah. Okay.
312:  Parallel parking. {C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  What would you call the kind of parking where you uh find a parking lot and it's like that? Does that have a special name? And you just pull yourself into one of these?
312:  I don't uh #1 I don't use a special name for it. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay. How about if it's you're you're going to- the parking places are like this against the side of i- against the curb.
312:  Diagonal.
Interviewer:  Okay. Okay fine. Now what do you call those uh little things about this high that fire hoses are plugged into?
312:  Oh oh a- a fire hydrant.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh Where are some places to park downtown? I know there are not very many.
312:  Parking garages and parking lots.
Interviewer:  Alright. And what is a parking garage? Is it just one story or
312:  Oh no it's uh it's several stories yes.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. Would you ever call that a #
312:  #2 Multiple stories. #
Interviewer:  a parking ramp?
312:  Well they that's what most of 'em are now.{C: Tape noise} They- you have to park your own in most of these downtown now.
Interviewer:  Oh so a ramp is where you park your own?
312:  Ramp. Yeah you go- goes round and round #1 and round. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 # {D: It's scary.}
312:  Yes they are.
Interviewer:  A parking garage is where an attendant does it?
312:  Well that's what used to be but now they've all converted into the other kind you see.
Interviewer:  And they still charge you just as much.
312:  {X} charge is just the same. Yes. {C: laughing} {NW} And they're frightening. I don't like to go into #1 I don't want to go into one alone anyway. #
Interviewer:  #2 You can't see {X} # Oh.
312:  It's it's dangerous.
Interviewer:  Yeah. I've heard that. Okay what do you call what is a general word for the tallest buildings in the city?
312:  Skyscraper. {C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright. What are the tallest buildings in this city?
312:  Well at the present moment we have uh the Hyatt uh regency hotel is one of the tallest and newest.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  And uh the ni- the national life and accidents insurance company is one and the L-N-C {C: Tape noise} the- life and casualty insurance company is another very large one and the American national bank has just gotten to be one of the{C: Tape noise} the latest one. It used to be the {D: Storman} building was the highest but that has been topped {X}{C: Tape noise} {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh Among these really tall buildings well any buildings that are close together there are little tiny streets that go between.
312:  Yes they're very narrow streets.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  What are they called?
312:  {X}
Interviewer:  That you can't even drive on sometimes.
312:  Oh. Alleys.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Now supposing there were uh an area in the city where buildings were torn down but nothing's been built up yet and it's just empty there betwe- maybe between two really tall buildings.
312:  Uh lots?
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh would you ever call it a vacant lot?
312:  Yeah vacant lot.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call the place where you might get a drink of water in a public building?
312:  Uh fountain.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: very softly} Would you call it a drinking fountain or a water fountain?
312:  Yeah drinking fountain. Either one I- I don't know which I would{C: Tape noise} I'd say drinking fountain.{C: Tape noise} {NW}
Interviewer:  Um let's see. What do you call a small car a very small car with just a place for two people to sit just a front s-
312:  A {D: two} coupe
Interviewer:  Okay. Um what about the old ones from the thirties and forties that had outside seats in the back?
312:  Oh rumble seats.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Yeah. Okay. Uh do you have any names for uh two door sedans or four door sedans? To distinguish 'em from each other?
312:  Uh No.
Interviewer:  Just two?
312:  Just two and four are the only thing I know
Interviewer:  Do you know any any expressions for really big cars? Not their names like cadillacs or anything but maybe slang expressions or
312:  No I don't.
Interviewer:  Okay. General {X} terms. Alright how about the car that uh a woman with eight kids'll have one of these cars.
312:  Oh uh station wagon yeah.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  {NW} Uh how about a small delivery truck what's open in back?
312:  Um Oh wait a minute I know that {X} What is that um pickup truck.
Interviewer:  Right.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright do you know the name for the one that's covered? With maybe a couple little windows in the sides? Electricians use 'em and exterminators.
312:  Van.
Interviewer:  Okay. What might you take to the airport instead of a cab? Something that the airport provides
312:  Oh uh uh{C: Tape noise} airport limousine.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Alright what uh is the public transportation here?
312:  Uh bus. {NS}
Interviewer:  And you call it a bus? You don't ever call it the M-T-A?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Alright. What do you call in the car where the speedometer and all the th- the dials are?
312:  The d- dash.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call the little place over for the passenger with the {X} on it?
312:  No {C: very softly} Glove compartment. {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright. What do you call wish I had one
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  It's a thing that uh you might wrap around several maps to keep them together. You might put it around all these things.
312:  An elastic? Uh
Interviewer:  Okay. Would you ever call it a rubber band too?
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {X} either one.
Interviewer:  How about- I do have one of these. Where's my notebook? Well I thought I did. A little metal
312:  #1 Oh uh #
Interviewer:  #2 thing # that you keep papers together with as well?
312:  You mean a uh paper clip?
Interviewer:  Yes. {NW}
312:  There's one right there.{C: laughing} {NW}
Interviewer:  Oh I put it down okay. {NW}
312:  Paper clip. {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright where do y- what do you call the place where you might keep your spare tru- spare tire. Excuse me.
312:  The trunk.
Interviewer:  Alright. What do you call the thing that you push down with your foot to make the car go faster?
312:  Accelerator.
Interviewer:  Alright. What do you call the thing um in a car that you have to do this with
312:  Oh.{C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  to change the gears?
312:  Oh um {X} I haven't had one of those in so long.
Interviewer:  They're hard to use.
312:  Yeah. {X} I wouldn't have one again. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  Oh ye- gear shift.
Interviewer:  Alright. Now in a okay. And what do you call the kind of car that that doesn't need
312:  Oh uh automatic.
Interviewer:  Okay. I think uh we're about to run out of tape here. Take a break. {C: Tape noise}
Interviewer:  Are you working? Yes. {NW}
312:  Good. {NW}
Interviewer:  I expect it to answer me and say yes I'm working.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  This is a nice rocking chair too.
312:  #1 Mm-hmm it's very comfortable. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  It's just sort of fits your back
Interviewer:  {X}
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {X}
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  How do you like it? What style is that?
312:  Uh it's a Victorian.
Interviewer:  Is it?
312:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of uh German style called biedermeier?
312:  #1 No I haven't. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  No.
Interviewer:  It's heavy Victorian furniture. I just learned abou- I was in Vienna.
312:  #1 No I don't know that. #
Interviewer:  #2 In the springtime and # We learned about that. {D: I can't} there's nothing here that really resembles it except that chair kinda.
312:  Mm.
Interviewer:  Except biedermeier would be a bigger chair.
312:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh they might have these in this drive way around your apartments. I can't remember but they come up out of the road and they make you slow down?
312:  Uh I don't know what they're called.
Interviewer:  Okay. But you know about
312:  I know what {X} in the parking places over th- in the uh green hills area and uh but I don't know what they're called.
Interviewer:  Speed bracers or
312:  Yes I imagine so but i've never heard them called. I just roll over 'em. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Oh yeah {C: laughing} You learn about 'em the hard way.
312:  Uh yeah.
Interviewer:  Alright what do you call one of those uh trucks well over here they're yellow that- and th- men use 'em to put out fires.
312:  Oh oh uh fire engine.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now can you tell me any different types of fire engines?
312:  No I don't know of any others
Interviewer:  Okay. Some have pumps
312:  Well they uh they uh uh oh dear Some of the big ones with the uh ladders. Hook and ladder.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  Hook and ladder.{C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright if someone had a heart attack just out in the middle of the street or something and the fire department sent a vehicle what would that be called?
312:  It would be a- I see 'em on television all the time. {NW}
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  Uh what do they call- ambulance. With uh
Interviewer:  It's a new word
312:  I know I know it is but I can't I don't know.
Interviewer:  Well we just call 'em emergency
312:  Yeah that's right.
Interviewer:  I don't- they probably have a fancy name {X} know what it is.{C: tape noise} Alright what do you call the to- the car that the fire chief drives? Have a special name for that?
312:  No I don't know of any special names. It's a red car.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Fire chief's car. {C: laughing}
312:  #1 Fire chief's car. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 # What do you call the car that a policeman drives?
312:  Uh oh dear Mm There's a name for that.
Interviewer:  They're they're c- it can have a couple a' different names.
312:  Hmm. I can't think of it {X} it's gone. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Well I just call it a police car.
312:  Police car that's all I think of. I think there is another name that you can call it.
Interviewer:  A squad car?
312:  Yeah a squad car is what I was trying to think of.
Interviewer:  Okay. what about the big ones that they carry people away in?
312:  Uh the uh uh Well let's see. There are several names for that. Patrol c- patrol wagon.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Black mariah. {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 Oh yeah that's right yeah. #
312:  #2 That's an old name for it. #
Interviewer:  That's an older name for it?
312:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Were they black? Does-
312:  Yes I bet they were black yeah.{C: tape noise} Paddy wagons. Black mariah.
Interviewer:  That's interesting. {NS} Alright what do you call those um aircraft with a big blade that goes around like that?
312:  Uh helicopter. {NS}
Interviewer:  {NW} Alright uh What do you call a kind of storm that builds up in the ocean and then comes
312:  Uh s- hurricane.
Interviewer:  Okay. How about one that I think they start off in the desert
312:  Torn- uh tornado.
Interviewer:  Okay. How about in Atlanta they have a lot of these. I don't know if they have 'em here but the rain falls and it freezes.
312:  Oh ice storm.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Do they have those here?
312:  We h- occasionally. We had once very spectacular and terrible one in nineteen July- January the thirty-first nineteen fifty-one. I will never forget it.
Interviewer:  Really? It was that
312:  We were without electricity for five days and I'll never forget that one no. {NW} That was a very historic one. It's called the {D: diced} uh the free- the uh #1 the big the deep freeze. We call it the deep freeze. #
Interviewer:  #2 The deep freeze. #
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh I should've asked these before. What do you call the man who puts out fires?
312:  Fireman.
Interviewer:  And the uh the other his counterpart the guy who you know solves crimes.
312:  Oh policeman.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And the place where the fire man stays?
312:  Fire hall.
Interviewer:  Fire hall?
312:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Okay. And the place where the policeman stays?
312:  Police station.
Interviewer:  Okay. Say someone were arrested for drunken- for being drunk out in the street. Where would he be taken to spend the night?
312:  At the pol- at jail?
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh have you ever heard of a drunk tank?
312:  Yes I've heard of it. Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. Is there any difference?
312:  #1 I don't know {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Are they {X} same {D: thing}? #
312:  Just that I think they have 'em in the same building here. There's a lot of discussion about that right now. {NW} {X} That they're taking up so much room. We are so short of room in the jail and the drunks are taking up {D: our room}. {NW}
Interviewer:  That's funny.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh mm do this. Well what are they planning to with the drunks?
312:  I don't know. They {X} they haven't gotten to come any conclusion about anything. {C: laughing} Right now it's uh a state of flux. {NW}
Interviewer:  That's funny. Uh alright what do you call the little weapon that a policeman carries for protection?
312:  Um uh {X}
Interviewer:  Alright what about the one that shoots?
312:  A gun.
Interviewer:  Okay. Can you tell me uh different kinds of guns?
312:  #1 No I'm not #
Interviewer:  #2 Small guns? #
312:  {X} I'm not a {X} {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Okay neither am I. {NW} I wouldn't even know what kind of answer to expect.
312:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Alright what do you call do you know any names for prostitutes? Names that are used around here? Slang names or
312:  No I don't.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh how about the place where prostitutes work?
312:  Oh it used to be uh the red light district the- was what it was called in the old days. I think they're everywhere now.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  They're gonna have to {X} any more. Alright what about a uh a destitute person who just lives in the gutter? and doesn't work
312:  Um uh Well uh What do {C: very softly} What is it? I'd sure know.
Interviewer:  Somebody who hasn't got a job? And hasn't really got a place to live?
312:  Mm. {X} My brain's gone {X}
Interviewer:  You may not have a special word for it. I I wouldn't. A der- would you call 'em a derelict?
312:  I wouldn't call 'em that.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Have you heard them called that?
312:  Uh yes I have. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Do you know a term for a a really cheap hotel where these guys can go?
312:  Uh flop house.
Interviewer:  Okay. Do you have any uh any maybe church sponsored church sponsored missions or some {X}
312:  yes there are some. {X} yes.
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright what do you call th- the drug that um people roll up in a cigarette and smoke?
312:  Uh m- mar- m- m- marijuana.
Interviewer:  Okay. uh and what are some hard drugs? Some {X} ones?
312:  #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 worse ones #
312:  #1 uh #
Interviewer:  #2 # That you know of
312:  Well I read about them. Oh dear uh Hmm. Cocaine and uh I can't think of others. I read about it all the time but {X}
Interviewer:  Yeah. Okay uh do you know what cocaine does to the user?
312:  Well it's a very bad thing I know it's a it's become addicted to it.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Alright what do you call would you call someone like that a drug addict?
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay. Any other terms?
312:  Not that I know of.
Interviewer:  Alright how about the person who supplies the drug addict
312:  #1 He's a pusher. #
Interviewer:  #2 with his drugs? # Okay.
312:  I read all this in the paper and hear it on television.
Interviewer:  {X} it's everywhere. Alright what about one of those little shops where if you're poor and you take in oh a nice television like that and I get {X} dollars for it or something. And they keep it for you for a while.
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  It's usually in the poorer neighborhoods.
312:  Mm.
Interviewer:  Do you know what I'm talking about?
312:  Uh yes I think I do but uh
Interviewer:  People take in diamond rings.
312:  Ring markets? Uh
Interviewer:  No it's not like that.
312:  #1 No. That wouldn't be {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 No. It's something that's designed to uh # {NW} It's not it's not really good what they do cuz they take your diamond ring or your
312:  Oh um uh uh pawn shop.
Interviewer:  Right.
312:  {NW} {X} pawn shop.
Interviewer:  {NW} Okay. What do you call a theater where uh X rated movies are shown?
312:  Mm I read about that in the paper too. And I don't- I can't recall.
Interviewer:  Would you just call it X rated movie theater?
312:  Yes that's what- that's what I would call it.
Interviewer:  Okay. Not that it comes up in conversation. {C: laughing} {NW} Alright what do you call the man who delivers your mail?
312:  The postman.
Interviewer:  Okay. How about the man who picks up the trash? The garbage?
312:  Uh garbage man?
Interviewer:  Okay. If- say there's someone who has a lot of friends at city hall and he's able to manipulate them to uh gain influence for him or his family or something you'd say this man has a lot of
312:  influence.
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh Do you do you know a term for a city employee who doesn't have a job but one of these guys who influence got him uh his m- he draws a salary from city hall but he's not really doing anything?
312:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  He just knows somebody. Have you ever heard of a pay roller?
312:  Yes I have heard of that.
Interviewer:  Is that what that would be?
312:  #1 I imagine so. I I really am not familiar with that. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  I'm really am not familiar with that.
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright other than their corporate names what are those lar- the really big grocery stores in the mall? What are they called?
312:  Uh supermarkets.
Interviewer:  Yeah. And what would you call a small neighborhood grocery store?
312:  Just a uh grocery.
Interviewer:  How about the ones that are uh they open really early and close at midnight or something?
312:  Oh they're called uh Mm. I can't think.
Interviewer:  Would you call it by its by its brand name?
312:  #1 No I #
Interviewer:  #2 Like would you say go down to the seven eleven or something? #
312:  No. Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  Would you call it a convenience store?
312:  No. No. Uh
Interviewer:  Magic market?
312:  No. {NW}
Interviewer:  Try to think of what I call it.
312:  I I can't someone {X} I know but I I see the names on 'em.{C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} I don't know.{C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. What about the store it's a specialty store and it sells uh meat that's already cooked and vegetables and
312:  Oh
Interviewer:  salami
312:  Ye- delicatessen.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call uh something a pan big pan that you plug into the wall and and fry
312:  Uh skillet.
Interviewer:  Okay. And what about those little ovens they're kinda new uh they have 'em in restaurants. I don't know if people have 'em in their homes yet but they're small and they heat up food really fast.
312:  Um I know what you're talking about. Um micro oven?
Interviewer:  Yeah something like microwave?
312:  Something like micro wave or something like that. Micro oven. {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright what do you call a a place a public place where you can do your laundry and you put coins in the machines?
312:  Uh I call 'em a wishy washy but
Interviewer:  {NW} That's funny. {NW} Can I steal that?
312:  That used to be the name of 'em. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Wishy washy.
312:  Wishy washy{C: laughing} {NW} That was the old name for them. {C: laughing} {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh what else are they called? Can you think of
312:  Uh well they're called coin laundries and all kinds of names for 'em.
Interviewer:  Laundromat.
312:  Laundromats yes.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call the uh the {D: thing} on the vacuum cleaner that collects all the dust that's on it or in it.
312:  Suction? No.
Interviewer:  No it it collects all the dust and then you remove it.
312:  Oh bag.
Interviewer:  Okay. How about something when you're mopping the floor and you keep the water with suds in it.
312:  In a bucket.
Interviewer:  Okay. How about those new machines that people have um in their kitchen sometimes under the counter
312:  #1 They {X} put a whole lot a' garbage in it? #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh oh oh #
312:  I don't know what they are. I know about them but I don't know what they're called.
Interviewer:  Okay. Have you ever heard of a trash presser?
312:  Yes I have.
Interviewer:  How about a trash masher?
312:  Well either one. I- I just read about them. I see them on television. {X} {C: laughing} I {NW} contact I have with 'em.
Interviewer:  Okay. How about those real big garbage containers that are behind stores or in apartment complexes?
312:  Oh uh
Interviewer:  They're green usually.
312:  I know. There's a name for them. Ja- um some kind a' jumbo oh what- what is the name of that?
Interviewer:  {NW} Begins with a D.
312:  Uh dumpster. Dumpster. Dumpster. Dumpster {C: laughing} dumpster. That's right. {NW} {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh Do you know any slang names for cigarettes?
312:  Well my husband called them uh {NS} Uh what was it. Cancer sticks.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  {NW} He called that's what he called 'em. {C: laughing} {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh {NS} What do you call a room in a house it's not a living room but
312:  A den?
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah where the family #
312:  #2 uh yeah family room. #
Interviewer:  Okay. How about if you have a a room with just a toilet and sink in it? Maybe downstairs
312:  #1 Uh uh #
Interviewer:  #2 No tub. #
312:  lavatory.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh What do you call one of those houses that has oh three or maybe three rooms only or four or five and all in a straight line?
312:  Uh uh ranch type.
Interviewer:  Okay that's one kind of it. But- but the front door is at the beginning of the line like this. The front door is here. And it just goes straight back from the street.
312:  Um uh railroad?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  It used to be railroad apartments that right there {X} {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Okay but {X} people live in.
312:  I don't know. I don't know what that's called.
Interviewer:  If all- if the door yeah if the door between every room was open including the back door you could look straight through it.
312:  I know yeah. I- I don't know what that's called.
Interviewer:  Have you heard of um have you heard of a shotgun house?
312:  Yes I think I have. Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Alright have you ever seen a house like this? It usually again it's in a out in the country or in poor areas. It's just two rooms and they're separated.
312:  Oh that's a dog trot in between. {NW} Yes. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay tell me about that.
312:  Well it was originally they built a log house and they build two rooms and they have a a little passage way between. Then later they enclosed that and made another room. But it was known as the dog trot. It's always been known as the dog trot between that.
Interviewer:  Whether you had a dog or not.
312:  Yeah {NW} you had a dog or not it was the dog trot. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  {NW} That's cute.
312:  But a lot of 'em were enclosed later and made into another room.
Interviewer:  Okay. And what were the two rooms usually? Was one a cooking room and the other
312:  Uh usually. I think. One was uh Well I think they slept in 'em too. I think in the cooking room if it had a big family. It's ve- I see a great many people lived in those places.
Interviewer:  Yeah. But were the rooms big?
312:  They were a fairly good size.
Interviewer:  Bigger than this one?
312:  Yeah bigger than this yeah.
Interviewer:  I guess they'd have to be if you had a family there.
312:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now then. there's another kind of house that has a long entry hall that's set at a ninety degree angle to a large sitting room. Or a large single room.
312:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  I've never seen one of these but it's usually shaped I think like this and here's the front door.
312:  L shape.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Okay. Have you ever heard of it called a flying L house?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  How about a Holland parlor house?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: whispered} Uh have you seen any other small houses that're uh are distinctive design like that? Maybe we don't see anymore?
312:  #1 I don't know of any like that. No. #
Interviewer:  #2 Unusual shapes? # Okay. What do you call the buildings that accommodate many families?
312:  An apartment house.
Interviewer:  Alright. What about the really nice new ones that I think you buy
312:  Condominiums.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  How about the really terrible ones in in the city?
312:  Uh flats. {NW}
Interviewer:  What is a flat?
312:  A flat is the same thing as an apartment house only it was just an old name for it.
Interviewer:  Is anything distinctive about a flat that would distinguish it
312:  I don't know of any
Interviewer:  apartment house? Okay. What do you call the man who uh what do you call they have one here who's in charge of like if uh
312:  A maintenance man?
Interviewer:  Right. Something goes wrong. Alright what about the uh the man who is above the maintenance man and he might show people the new apartment that's
312:  Uh the uh manager.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} Alright what do you call uh the equipment you use to cut the grass with?
312:  Oh lawnmower.
Interviewer:  Alright how about one that uh is electrical electrically or gas powered?
312:  Power mower.
Interviewer:  And how about the one that you sit on? Those new things
312:  Well that's just a uh riding lawn mower.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 That's it. # {NW}
Interviewer:  What do you call a little uh tool Do you do much gardening?
312:  I don't.
Interviewer:  Did you?
312:  No. I never was a gardener. My husband did all the gardening.
Interviewer:  Did he? Did you catch him out in the yard? {NW} Alright well I'll ask you a few of these then.
312:  Alright. I might know and I might not.
Interviewer:  It's a little tool looks like that- that's the handle and I think it looks kind of this and it's
312:  {X}
Interviewer:  that's probably not a very good picture. Scoops kind of.
312:  Oh um a shovel. Or spade.
Interviewer:  But just one that you hold in your hand? Which {X}
312:  Uh oh no no no. Oh uh uh trowel.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  Trowel.
Interviewer:  Alright. How about the little the little one that's like this?
312:  Oh uh sickle.
Interviewer:  #1 No just {X} #
312:  #2 No no uh a {X} #
Interviewer:  Okay. And the one {X} call a long maybe you pick up hay with it or something.
312:  uh uh pitchfork.
Interviewer:  Okay. What kind of a rake would you use to get the leaves up in the fall?
312:  Oh um Um what do they call {D: those things}? {C: tape noise} Oo I know I can see one. {NW} Uh Well what are they called?{C: very softly}
Interviewer:  Are they distinguished from the kind that you use in {X}
312:  Yes they are. Oh uh Oh I can't think of what it's called. {C: whispering}
Interviewer:  Is it called something other than just a leaf rake?
312:  Yes it is.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: very softly}
312:  But I can't think what it is.
Interviewer:  {D: Oh no.} Well have you {X}
312:  Leaf rake is all right but
Interviewer:  If you think of the other name
312:  #1 but I can't think what it is. #
Interviewer:  #2 tell me. Go ahead and tell me. #
312:  It seems to me there is another name.
Interviewer:  Alright what do you call uh say you had a storm and a big tree blew down. What might a man use to cut- chop that up into logs?
312:  Uh power saw.
Interviewer:  Alright. How about a chain saw?
312:  A chain saw.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} Alright um What are some different cuts of beef steak?
312:  #1 Different cuts of {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh loin and #
312:  T bone and sirloin and uh oh and the big round one. Uh round steak?
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  {X} {C: laughing} Round steak as far as I know that. And flank steak
Interviewer:  Are there ch- they're cheaper cuts?
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  For example?
312:  Well th- flank steak is a cheaper cut. And uh well there I don't know. The ones I've spoken of are the better ones.
Interviewer:  Which is the best? {X}
312:  Well either a T bone or sirloin. I'm not sure which is best but they're all pretty good.
Interviewer:  Yeah it's probably just a matter of opinion.
312:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And hamburger.
312:  Hamburger is of course ground up anything. {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright how about uh cuts of pork and varieties of ham.
312:  I'm not familiar with pork particularly. I never use pork very much. Ham of course. Country ham is the best.
Interviewer:  And what is that exactly?
312:  Well that is uh ham is taken and put in salt and {D: the vat} they have {X} big vat that they {C: tape noise} put the salt in and salt it. I don't know how long they kept it in that. Then they hung it and put a built a fire of hickory
Interviewer:  #1 Oh yeah. #
312:  #2 and smoked it for a certain length of time. #
Interviewer:  Would it be days or just hours?
312:  Oh oh no days.
Interviewer:  Really?
312:  Weeks and months probably.
Interviewer:  Oh. {NW}
312:  And uh {C: laughing} and the lo- the older the ham the better.
Interviewer:  Really?
312:  Yes. Two year old ham is better than a one year ham.
Interviewer:  Just like wine.
312:  Yes. Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  How about that.
312:  #1 That's country ham yes. #
Interviewer:  #2 So that's country ham {X} salt. # Are there any other kinds of ham?
312:  Oh they have sugar cured. I'm {C: tape noise} not familiar with the method of that. Sugar cured ham is the what you usually get in the grocery store.
Interviewer:  Yep. That's what {X}.
312:  Mm-hmm. That's right.
Interviewer:  #1 Do you {X} Do you like country ham? #
312:  #2 And I'm not- # Yes I do.
Interviewer:  #1 I'd like to try that sometime. #
312:  #2 Very much. #
Interviewer:  Can I- can you get that in restaurants?
312:  Oh yes you can get it.
Interviewer:  It's not just something they do in the country then.
312:  No.
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  No you can get it in restaurants.
Interviewer:  Alright are you familiar with cuts of lamb?
312:  Well I know the leg of lamb and the shoulder. That's about as far as {X} Course there's chops.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh yeah. #
312:  #2 That's as far as I can go. #
Interviewer:  Alright uh let's talk about poultry. Like what are some different kinds of chicken that you can get for different purposes?
312:  Well there's the hen and the uh the uh broiler the hen as far as I can{C: tape noise} tell.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh how about a roaster or a
312:  Well a roaster and a hen would be #1 same thing. #
Interviewer:  #2 They're the same? #
312:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. #
312:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # What are some different kinds of sausage?
312:  Well there're all kinds a' sausage. I do- I don't know.
Interviewer:  #1 What about the real you get at ball games and stuff? #
312:  #2 hot well # Oh uh course {X} uh uh weenies and uh bologna and things like that.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh what do you call one of those real big sandwiches about this big with everything on it? Everything. About eight kinds a' meat and
312:  #1 I know uh #
Interviewer:  #2 four kinds of cheese #
312:  Uh I don't know.
Interviewer:  Alright I'll give you a few seconds
312:  I know a na- there's a name for it but I can't think of it
Interviewer:  There are lots a' names
312:  Yes {D: I'm cur-} yeah
Interviewer:  This is something that's interesting. It's called something different in every part of the country. Um hero sandwich or
312:  I've heard that. That's in New Orleans I think.
Interviewer:  Yeah I think so. Submarine?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Uh have you heard of a po' boy sandwich?
312:  Yes I have heard of that.
Interviewer:  How about a hoagie?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  What's a- what {D: are this other name} I guess hero is the one I hear
312:  Uh I think hero as I- as I recollect hero would be connected with New Orleans. I believe but I'm not sure about that. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. # I don't know either. Uh Alright what is the what are the kinds of drinks you might get at a ball game? They're not alcoholic.
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  Carbonated.
312:  Carbonated uh soft drinks.{C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh. Any other generic names for those? Non specific names?
312:  No I don't think of any.
Interviewer:  Have you ever been around people who say uh who call these soft drinks Cokes
312:  #1 Yes. Yes. #
Interviewer:  #2 whether they are or not. #
312:  #1 Yes I have. #
Interviewer:  #2 Even when they're not Cokes? # Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh Alright what's the other stuff that you might drink with one of these hero sandwiches that is alcoholic and it's also {X}
312:  Beer.
Interviewer:  Alright. {D: Are there any other} Do you know any other names for {X}
312:  Uh well there's uh uh root beer.
Interviewer:  I don't think that's alcoholic.
312:  I don't think that would be alcoholic though no. I don't know. {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay uh There are two kinds of things well lots of kinds of things that you eat for breakfast but one of 'em is real big
312:  Pancake.
Interviewer:  Pa- pardon?
312:  Pancake. {NW}
Interviewer:  No uh usually it'll have pecans on the top or something and it
312:  Oh waffle #1 No? #
Interviewer:  #2 No. # Uh women usually go out of their way to make these. They're really nice
312:  #1 I don't know #
Interviewer:  #2 They're about this high #
312:  #1 For breakfast? #
Interviewer:  #2 Coffee cake? #
312:  Oh coffee cake. I'm not interested in coffee cake.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh you don't like it? #
312:  #2 Cuz I don't like them. #
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright then that takes care of that one.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  How about the little ones that you can pick up in your hand that are just individual size?
312:  Um um uh sweet rolls.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Don't like those either.
Interviewer:  {NW} Do you like these? They're round. They have holes in 'em.
312:  Donuts. No I don't like those either.
Interviewer:  Alright well can you but y- can you tell me um there's some sweet white stuff it's usually just made of water and powdered sugar that would be sprinkled or poured over the top of a donut or the top of a coffee cake.
312:  Uh Yes I know. But I can't recall the name of it.
Interviewer:  Sometimes it's also put on top of angel food cake.
312:  Yes I know. I don't know what the name of it.
Interviewer:  Would you call it glaze?
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  #1 You would? #
312:  #2 Yes. Mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  okay. How about the stuff that you spread on the top of a regular cake?
312:  Icing.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh Alright there are donuts that are rectangular shape. They're about this long.
312:  Not familiar with those.
Interviewer:  Alright.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  How about ones that have jelly inside?
312:  They're jelly donuts.
Interviewer:  How about the ones that are twisted?
312:  They're crullers.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh What do you call a ring with a particularly large stone? Real show off-y
312:  Uh{X}
Interviewer:  {X}
312:  Dinner ring?
Interviewer:  Alright. Do you know any names if it's a real pretentious ring that woman likes to show off to everybody? Alright. What do you call shorts that come to about right here? Right at the top a' the knee?
312:  Um. Uh Uh there is a name for those. I can't think.{C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay um walking shorts maybe?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Bermuda shorts?
312:  Bermuda shorts.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  How about uh they're pants that come to about mid mid calf I guess. They used to wear 'em a lot in the fifties I think. They're not long and they're not short.
312:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Alright how about the ones that're that you know come to about right here?
312:  Short shorts. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. # What might you call clothes that uh Say you had an older sister and she outgrew her clothes and gave 'em to you.
312:  Hand me down.
Interviewer:  Okay. Do you know any expressions for very fashionable or good looking clothes?
312:  Um. Mm I should know those {D: myself} I know but I can't think. {C: tape noise} {X} suggestions? {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  No. {NW} I don't exactly know what he wants here.
312:  I don't know either. I can't think.
Interviewer:  Model clothes or something
312:  Yeah something like that. I don't know though
Interviewer:  Alright how do you store winter clothes in a closet during the summer?
312:  I put them in uh storage bags.
Interviewer:  Okay. How about uh is there a different name for the very light weight kind that you get at the cleaner's?
312:  Uh Mm Yeah there's a name for that. Uh Wait a minute. Cellophane bag uh I can't think.
Interviewer:  Okay. Would you- would you just call it a plastic bag?
312:  Plastic bag is the name. That's what I couldn't get.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  And would you have still a different name for the kind you might use on an airplane? Like a man might use for his suits or something?
312:  Well you'd have that- yes that would be a um {D: come on} {X} the name for that? I can't I can't. It doesn't come to me.
Interviewer:  Alright it doesn't come to me either.
312:  Oh.
Interviewer:  I don't think- I don't think it was a suit bag.
312:  No but it was another name but I can't think of it the moment. Suit bag is alright but
Interviewer:  I don't kn- I {X}
312:  But it seems to me there is {C: tape noise} something else but I can't recall.
Interviewer:  Alright. That doesn't matter. {NW} How about uh what are some different kinds a' shoes?
312:  #1 Oh uh #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} men and women. #
312:  Uh the sandals and oxfords and uh
Interviewer:  What are oxfords?
312:  Oxfords are j- uh tied.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Tied shoes. They have lace up front. Laced laced shoes. They're oxfords. And uh platform shoes
Interviewer:  Yeah. {C: laughing}
312:  With {X} things. {NW} Uh
Interviewer:  What about the shoes that are made- they're made of this material this canvas stuff and
312:  Uh uh
Interviewer:  Children wear a lot
312:  Yes I know. Uh sneakers.{C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. Any other kind? What would you call the kind you have on?
312:  I don't know what you would call them.
Interviewer:  I don't either. {NW}
312:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Regular shoes.
312:  They're comfortable shoes but I don't know what you'd call 'em. {C: laughing} {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh what are some different kinds of hairstyles that people wear now? Both blacks and whites.
312:  Oh the- the blacks wear the afro I believe they call it.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
312:  And uh I don't know. Bouffant.
Interviewer:  Uh yeah. That's what the country music singers wear.
312:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  Very much so. And I don't know.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} What uh might you call Do you know any terms for male homosexuals?
312:  Uh I read flower people and I don't know {X} {C: laughing} {NW}
Interviewer:  Do you know a term for a alright a man who's not necessarily homosexual but has very feminine ways? Very {X} very just delicate.
312:  Uh effeminate?
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright how about female homosexuals?
312:  I- there is a name for that but I don't remember what it is.
Interviewer:  Okay. Lesbian?
312:  Yes that's it.
Interviewer:  Alright. And do you know any terms for uh a woman who's very mannish or something but doesn't necessarily have to be homosexual? {NS}
312:  Uh. I can't think {X}. No I don't know.
Interviewer:  Okay. How about uh do you know any and these could be words you might remember from your youth too. I don't know. Just slang words for an ugly boy or man.
312:  Homely?
Interviewer:  Okay. And you'd use that more for men than for women?
312:  Mm-hmm. Yeah well you could use it for both.
Interviewer:  How about terms for women?
312:  Ugly. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: laughing} {NW} How about a really attractive boy or man?
312:  Well attractive would be a word.
Interviewer:  You say good looking?
312:  Good looking yes.
Interviewer:  And for a girl? Or a woman?
312:  Well attractive and pretty.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Beautiful.
Interviewer:  Alright what do you call a person who uh well a bookish person? Somebody's always reading books. Always in the library.
312:  Uh intellectual.
Interviewer:  Well now h- would you distinguish somebody who was always reading books from someone who was simply intelligent?
312:  No. Uh. Bookish.{C: tape noise} {NW} I don't know.
Interviewer:  Would you call 'em a bookworm?
312:  Bookworm is right. Yes you could call 'em a bookworm.
Interviewer:  How about somebody who's just extremely intelligent? {X} can you remember any slang words for that?
312:  No I can't.
Interviewer:  Okay. How about somebody who goes out of his way for praise and attention from his superiors whether it be his boss or his teacher at school?
312:  There is a name for that but I can't remember what it is.
Interviewer:  {X}
312:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh what do you call the first seven or eight grades of school? What do you call that school?
312:  Uh uh Now I know that too. Inter- uh {NW} Oh dear tha-
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  I'm so {X}
Interviewer:  What are all the different types of schools there until you get to college?
312:  Well there's high school and a- well that's the one that I can't remember now that you got me {C: laughing} High school. And below that is the uh elementary. That's what I was trying to think of. Elementary school.
Interviewer:  And is there a school between those?
312:  Uh the uh junior high.
Interviewer:  Okay. Did you go to a junior high?
312:  Uh well I was in Ward Belmont which was
Interviewer:  From starting what age?
312:  Uh from well I was I went to a private school a little private school until I got- went into high school.
Interviewer:  Oh so when you were about thirteen or fourteen
312:  #1 Uh yes mm-hmm. #
Interviewer:  #2 you started at Ward Belmont? # I see. Okay. Uh What do you call the big room in a school in uh a sch- I don't know if they have 'em in girls schools or not but uh it's where you play basketball?
312:  Oh uh basketball court uh a gymnasium.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  Gymnasium.
Interviewer:  Alright what do you call a place uh in a school where the toilets are?
312:  Uh Mm dear. Isn't that funny. Your brain goes {X} like that.
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  Uh. A uh {NW} Oh such a s- maybe a common name. Why can't I remember it?
Interviewer:  I don't know. I would just call it a bathroom
312:  No i- there's another name. I can't think of it.
Interviewer:  It's not lavatory
312:  It wouldn't be a bath- lavatory I think. Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  That would be it.
Interviewer:  Alright um were there kids at your uh your either your elementary school or your high school that were from any other nationalities?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh Do you ha- are there any orientals in Nashville? {X}
312:  Yes there are some.
Interviewer:  Do you know any slang names for them? Any
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Uh how about slang names for catholics?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  How about for uh extremely fundamentalist sects of protestants? {X} the uh
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Primitive baptists or
312:  Well there are those but yes but I don't know {X} particular names for them except{C: tape noise} their denominational name.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard a' holy rollers?
312:  Yes they are holy rollers.
Interviewer:  Okay. And how about for Jews?
312:  I don't know any particular name that we've known them as here.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} Um I have some {X} you don't know
312:  Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  slang names for them.
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Ger- do the Germans have any?
312:  No I don't think they had any names for them. Yeah I th- I don't believe they {NS} Cuz I don't think they had enough to have a community of them you see.
Interviewer:  I see. Well now there are some slang names for blacks.
312:  Niggers and uh I always called them niggers or darkies.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  They don't like that.
Interviewer:  {NW} They don't?
312:  {NW} No. {NW}
Interviewer:  Any other- can you think of any others?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Are they still called colored people sometimes?
312:  Yeah colored people.
Interviewer:  Okay. How about slang names for democrats? Or slang names for republicans?
312:  Well uh some democrats were called yellow dog democrats. They'd rather vote for a yellow dog than a republican.
Interviewer:  {X}
312:  {NW} That was my father was a yellow dog democrat.
Interviewer:  I never heard that.
312:  Yes. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  That's cute.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  But there were no yellow dog republicans?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright what do you call a young person usually a young guy with long hair and uses drugs
312:  Hippie.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Can you think of any other terms for hippies?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Uh I- How do you feel about them?
312:  I don't- {X} opposed to them.
Interviewer:  Are you?
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright do you have an expression for your uh your best friend? Maybe like your buddy or something like that?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Bosom buddies
312:  Mm-mm. No.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um Alright when you were in elementary school did you have a group of children that you regularly played with?
312:  Yes I did.
Interviewer:  How did you refer to them?
312:  Just my just friends that's all.
Interviewer:  Not the gang
312:  #1 No. No. #
Interviewer:  #2 or the group or something. #
312:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # Alright. Have you ever heard of a it's kind of a contest. It's between usually young people do it. Teenagers do it. They try to one up each other on insults.
312:  Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  And they usually end up insulting each other's mothers.
312:  No. No I don't think I {X}
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} Can you remember games you played as a child that involved hiding?
312:  Yes hide and go seek.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Did you ever play kick the can?
312:  No I never did.
Interviewer:  Alright. How about running games?
312:  Well I don't know. I don't think so.
Interviewer:  Did you ever have relay races or anything like that?
312:  Uh I think they did when they had picnics and things of that sort. You had things like that.
Interviewer:  Had uh sunday school picnics and that type
312:  #1 {X} You know. yes school and things like that. #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. In school or in {X} # How about games where you uh stood around in a big circle.
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  Anything that involves standing in a circle.
312:  Well they had uh drop the handkerchief was one like that.
Interviewer:  Okay. How- how did you play that?
312:  Well you had someone that was it. And they ran around the circle and dropped the {C: tape noise} handkerchief I can't remember {X}
Interviewer:  #1 But there wasn't #
312:  #2 {X} # They {X} pick it up and they had to pick it up and catch the person I think that
Interviewer:  #1 Outside {X}? Okay. #
312:  #2 dropped it or something like that. I'm not sure. # I've forgotten. It's been too long.
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  And how about uh games with uh marbles?
312:  Oh yes.
Interviewer:  Did you play?
312:  Oh um a little bit.
Interviewer:  Were- was it considered a- a just a
312:  #1 boys game? #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah a boys game #
312:  mostly yeah.
Interviewer:  How about jacks?
312:  I never played jacks but they did- girls played jacks.
Interviewer:  Okay. Well can you think of any other kinds of games that I haven't thought of?
312:  Mm. No I can't. No.
Interviewer:  Alright.
312:  #1 Oh uh musical chairs. #
Interviewer:  #2 What do you call a- I'm sorry #
312:  #1 {X} a party. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh yeah yeah. #
312:  You know you'd have that.
Interviewer:  Alright do you have any other terms for parties? Depending on what you do at them?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  #1 Alright you'd always say I'm going to a party if somebody invited you to #
312:  #2 Mm-hmm. Yes. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Alright place with a group of people. Okay. Well now I'm at the end of a section. Would you like to stop?
312:  Well I think maybe s- might {X} {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} Uh let's see where I am.
Interviewer:  Alright what I need to ask you about is uh your parents' education.
312:  Well {C: tape noise} just the regular uh {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  {C: tape noise} education. They didn't go to college.
Interviewer:  But they both graduated from high school?
312:  {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} My mother was born in eighteen sixty-seven. My father was born in eighteen fifty. You see there weren't high schools and things like that in those days. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  They had grammar school. They had uh school but I don't know that they they had public schools. They went to publi- my father during the civil war {C: tape noise} his family uh were friends of some catholics here and they sent their when my father was ten years old when the war started and uh they sent him up to s- Notre Dame.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  To school during the war
Interviewer:  Ah ha.
312:  You see. That's- he went there. Course that was just grammar school. Uh I mean it was I don't know whether you'd call it high school or not you know they didn't in those days but it was a preparatory school at Notre Dame. It was not the college of course.
Interviewer:  But it was affiliated with it.
312:  Yeah. Oh yeah. And he went there during the civil war.
Interviewer:  Oh. That's {D: interesting} {NW} I didn't even know Notre Dame had been around then.
312:  Oh yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay and what did your father do for a living?
312:  He was in the flour business. Uh he uh bought flour uh from the west that kinda flour that they used out there which was called winter wheat flour that- used by bakers.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  And then he brought it here and put it in his own onto his own label and sold it to bakers all over the south.
Interviewer:  Ah.
312:  {C: tape noise} That's what they used for bakeries. And they- they only used that kinda flour. And so he sold flour to all over the south.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise} Did his father do that too? Or how did he
312:  His father. His father. uh was born in eighteen O two and uh {NW} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Eighteen O two so that means your father was born when his father was
312:  #1 Well you see #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  Yes because you see they- my father was {D: one of the} {C: tape noise} good many children in the family and he was his mother was determined to have one child named for her father and one named for her husband. And my father was the third one
Interviewer:  #1 Oh. #
312:  #2 See two of th- {X} # #1 terrible mortality in babies at that time. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh yeah of course. #
312:  And so his- he was the third one named for his father
Interviewer:  #1 The other two had died? #
312:  #2 her husband. # The other two had died. And then there were my uncle who was ten years older than my father was the second Matt {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Oh {NW}
312:  So they were- he was one of the younger children. He was the next to the youngest in a large family.
Interviewer:  I see. Yeah.
312:  And then I {C: tape noise} of a second wife. My father his first wife died and then married my mother {C: tape noise} in his uh forties early forties when uh when I was born
Interviewer:  #1 Oh. {NW} #
312:  #2 you see so it's a long gap in there. # {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} Until the railroads came in.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  Then he got out of that and was in the uh uh mercantile business and he sold grain and and uh wholesale business here in Nashville.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Alright uh did your mother work?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} I don't guess many women did work.
312:  No. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright uh who are Are your friends mostly people from church or the colonial dames
312:  Yeah church and yes uh historical uh interests. I'm- I'm interested in historical things and {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  {X} society. {C: tape noise} Board ma- on the board of the ladies hermitage association {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Of the what association?
312:  ladies hermitage association that runs Andrew Jackson's home.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  I've been on that board for since nineteen forty two or three or something like that. And I'm on the board and have been registrar of the colonial dames national society of colonial dames for since uh {C: tape noise} I've been registrar for thirty years. {NW}
Interviewer:  So most of the things you do for enjoyment are historical.
312:  #1 Yes that's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} things. # That's interesting. that's really nice. Is there a national historical society as well?
312:  Uh no. The- well there is now. there's a {X} metro {C: tape noise} uh historical s- {X} {X} But that's- I belong to that. I belong to all of 'em. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Oh okay. {NW} And what kind of things do you do with the- well I'm particularly interested in the hermitage one. What do you do?
312:  {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Oh you do.
312:  Yes. There's a {X}
Interviewer:  You hire all the people
312:  Yeah oh yes there's a- there's a board of women {C: tape noise} uh that started see it started in eighteen eighty-nine.
Interviewer:  Now when did Jackson live?
312:  Jackson died in eighteen forty-five.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  And he the home was his son adopted son's. No it was not his adopted son but his son's his grandson
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  had lived there when the- when he {C: tape noise} I'm not sure whether suffocated when he died. I guess he was. Anyway the family lived on in the house. but this- the uh state of Tennessee bought it after Jackson's death. But they didn't do anything with it. {C: tape noise} And then they couldn't afford to to keep on living there and they So the state had all sorts of ideas as to what they were going to do with it. They were going to have a make a {D: home of it.} They were going to do all sorts of different things and so some of the ladies got busy {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
312:  And uh so they got busy and finally {C: tape noise} effort they got the state to th- to give it to them to run. {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} in good order why we can keep on running it. And it's a self {C: tape noise} sustaining board. We appoint our own board members.
Interviewer:  I see.
312:  As you see and we have about twenty women on the board {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  And are they all Nashville residents?
312:  All Nashville residents. And we have uh uh uh committee of men who are appointed by the governor who are called trustees
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  {C: tape noise} from recommendation from us. You see {C: laughing} And the governor has only turned us down once {X}. And then uh But- that- we run it. We- we operate the place completely. In every way and it's a big business now.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  {C: tape noise} three hundred thousand people there last year and {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} it's really and so we- we run it completely.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise}
312:  {C: tape noise} I can't remember.
Interviewer:  Well how expensive is it?
312:  It's two dollars. Two dollars {X} now but there're three {C: tape noise} There uh You must go. {C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} I know there are student rates {C: tape noise} if they're in a group. Some {X} that way.
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
312:  Uh {C: tape noise} It's uh we have three buildings. three {C: tape noise} It's the hermitage itself which is well worth seeing then across the road is a house that is very beautiful that was built by Andrew Jackson for his {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  And his secretary's wife was was the his uh hostess for part of the time. {C: tape noise} Half the time.
Interviewer:  Because his wife died or
312:  His wife was died before he became president.
Interviewer:  Oh oh. Ah.
312:  See and Rachel was uh {C: tape noise} before he was inaugurated president.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  And so his his niece {X} was his he- hostess and then his uh adopted son's wife was hostess part of the time too.
Interviewer:  So Jackson never remarried?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
312:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 #
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise} We- uh where is that I just
312:  {C: tape noise} That's the way I go is highway forty. And that's what you would do You could go uh from Murfreesboro pike
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  You'd go over {C: tape noise} Oh and those motor courts uh How- Alamo {C: tape noise} court
Interviewer:  Oh I've seen them.
312:  {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  Turn left at Alamo court and go through there {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Right right right.
312:  And you go over to the {X} and turn right and go straight out and you'll come right to it.
Interviewer:  {X}
312:  You turn off to the left there. After you- but you'll see the signs. They'll tell you where to turn.
Interviewer:  Great. Okay thanks.
312:  But you really- that's really way out- way far out
Interviewer:  Oh I- I'm sure it is. Okay uh {C: tape noise} {NS} Is that your door?
312:  No I don't think so.
Interviewer:  What kind of music do you like?
312:  Not any. {C: whispering}
Interviewer:  At all?
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Not any at all.
312:  Not any at all.{C: laughing} {NW} Now you've got it. {NW}
Interviewer:  I have never gotten that answer before.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Not even historical music huh?
312:  No. They don't- they're- they're- we always having music down here having people come over from Peabody college to entertain us you know it they- they come and try that on us first #1 {X} they have a performance you see. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh I see. #
312:  And I never go {X} {C: laughing} No I really I have no care for music whatsoever. I have no rhythm. And it- it doesn't mean anything to me. I'm {X} not proud of it but it just doesn't.
Interviewer:  But what do you- you just have it then on as background then when you do.
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  Oh you don't even turn on the radio?
312:  Oh I don't turn on the radio at all and I never listen to musical things on T-V. {X} {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Okay that's a good honest answer.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  I like that. {NW} Okay then we'll go from that to uh farms. {NW}
312:  Farms?
Interviewer:  Farms.
312:  Well I don't know much about farms. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Well that's what we wanna find out. We wanna find out how much people who live within cities know about farms.
312:  Well I know very little. I have cousins who have a farm. They have a large farm out towards Franklin and I go out there and visit them but I know very little about farms. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay we- we'll see.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What do you call a big building on a farm where the grain is stored and-
312:  #1 The barn? #
Interviewer:  #2 stored and # I'm sorry?
312:  Barn?
Interviewer:  Yes.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  See? You know something.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  How about the name of the building where corn is stored?
312:  A corn crib.
Interviewer:  Okay. How about where uh a particular part of a building where the grain is stored?
312:  Mm. Granary?
Interviewer:  Yeah. What- when you say that word what does that bring to mind? What does one of those look like?
312:  Uh I don't know. {C: very softly} I wouldn't uh sort of a thing like this it's
Interviewer:  #1 In a V shape? #
312:  #2 Sort of a V shape- a V shape. # I don't know whether that's right or not.
Interviewer:  I don't either {X} {NW} Alright what do you call the uh upper part of the barn where the chickens stay?
312:  Uh loft. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. If uh you gather-
312:  I used to play in barns
Interviewer:  #1 Did you? #
312:  #2 when I was I was a child. {NW} # I had friends who rented country places every summer and went out and sort of camped you know and
Interviewer:  #1 Oh but they just rented them? #
312:  #2 and so # They'd rent them and go out and as I say would sort of camp in them. And I'd go out and visit them but that's {NW} that's the extent of my
Interviewer:  #1 So there was no work done. #
312:  #2 farming. # Oh no no. No work done. Just play. {NW} Slide down the haystacks.
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
312:  #2 That sort of thing you know. #
Interviewer:  That was my next question.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What do you call the things #1 you play in? #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh What- have you ever heard of a it's got four poles and it a sliding roof and you put hay in it? A hay barrack?
312:  No. {D: right here}
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  Uh do you know uh {C: tape noise} any names for small piles of hay that are kind of raked up?
312:  Rick?
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh What do you call the place where you keep horses?
312:  Stable.
Interviewer:  Uh is there a special place besides the barn? A place outside where you milk cows?
312:  Hmm. {C: tape noise} Dairy. No that would be where you keep the milk.{C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Yeah I think so.
312:  Uh. I don't know. I can't think.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh or a cow pen?
312:  A cow pen would be alright yes.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  In a sty.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise} Does a sty have a shelter over it or is it just open?
312:  Open as far as I know.
Interviewer:  Yeah. When you were talking about a dairy before uh exactly {C: tape noise}
312:  Well just cans of milk. Milk cans and and places to uh{C: tape noise} strain the milk and that sort of thing I I remember as a child. And churn it
Interviewer:  Well now okay is it a more a type of farm or more a processing plant?
312:  More processing.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Okay. What do you call the place around the barn the land around the barn where all the animals
312:  Barnyard.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} And what do you call the place where you let uh cows and sheep go out to graze?
312:  Pasture.
Interviewer:  Okay. Would that be fenced in or would it
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  It would be. Okay. Uh do you know anything about raising cotton?
312:  No I really don't. I've seen it but I don't know anything about it.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call uh grass that grows up in a cotton field when you don't want it there?
312:  I don't know. {C: very softly}
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: whispering} Alright I've just said this but uh cotton and corn grow in a {C: tape noise}
312:  Field. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. Now what's the difference between a field and a patch?
312:  I don't know except patch is a small a smaller{C: tape noise} area as far as I know.
Interviewer:  Okay. That's all I wanted to know. And what kinds of things would you say are grown in a patch besides tobacco? {C: tape noise}
312:  {C: tape noise} {X} small gardens and places of that sort would be in a they wouldn't be g- you wouldn't call it a patch though.
Interviewer:  You just call it a garden I guess.
312:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh what else is grown in a field besides
312:  Oh corn wheat.{C: tape noise} {C: tape noise} Uh All kinds a' things.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Grai- uh hay {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay um do you have different names for different kinds of little wooden fences?
312:  Well let's see. Uh A rail fence.
Interviewer:  Now what does that look like?
312:  A rail fence is {C: tape noise} r- uh rectangul- uh horizontal
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  rails. And uh a picket fence would be with up and- uh perpendicular
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  stakes. {C: tape noise} then there's uh um {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  the kind that zig zags?
312:  Yeah zig zag.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  That's right.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Uh have you ever heard of a paling fence or
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  What is that?
312:  That's straight up and down I think.
Interviewer:  Like a
312:  pale yeah. That would #1 be it seems to me #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
312:  a picket fence would be smaller uh paled. Uh smaller sticks. And the pale pale uh pale fence would be wider. Uh that's my uh idea of it.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 I don't know. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Uh how about a slat fence?
312:  {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. That- I think that's just another name for
312:  Mm-hmm. I expect so. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright What do you call the kind of fence that uh {NW} excuse me if you climb over it it might tear your pants off?
312:  Oh barbed wire. {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright uh {C: tape noise} When you set up if you were out there setting up a barbed wire fence
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  uh you would dig holes where the
312:  For the uh posts.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Okay what might you call a fence or wall made of loose stone or rock you might remove from
312:  Uh rock wall.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh uh some farmers {C: tape noise} when they want to fool a hen into s- {C: tape noise}
312:  {C: tape noise} no what do you call
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  {C: tape noise} china egg
Interviewer:  Yes.
312:  China egg. That's it.
Interviewer:  You're one of the few people who- who've known what that was.
312:  Really? {NW}
Interviewer:  Yes.
312:  China egg.
Interviewer:  Have you ever seen one of them?
312:  Yeah oh yes many of 'em.
Interviewer:  Are they really made out of china or
312:  Yeah. {C: tape noise} Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  That's- that's really interesting. Do you know why it works?
312:  Well I don't know why except that- that they think that that is a nest that they've had I don't know.
Interviewer:  Maybe it gives 'em the idea to
312:  #1 The idea I suppose. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
312:  #1 That's all I know. {C: laughing} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # {NW} That's funny. Alright what do you use to carry water in?
312:  A bucket.
Interviewer:  Alright now when you say bucket is that do you think of something wooden or metal?
312:  Either way. A pail I guess would be a me- a wooden pail.
Interviewer:  Pail would be
312:  Wooden.
Interviewer:  Wooden and bucket would be?
312:  E- to my mind would be metal.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um.
312:  But we- we don't use the word pail too much.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} Uh what would you call a container that you'd use to carry food to the pigs?
312:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  You ever heard of a slop bucket?
312:  Oh yes. Yes I have heard of a slop bucket. {C: laughing} {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright What do you call the thing that you fry eggs in?
312:  A skillet.
Interviewer:  Alright. What's it made out of?
312:  Iron.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: very softly} Um did you ever have one with legs?
312:  Yes that's a spider. {X}
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise} And how big is it?
312:  It's just the size of a sk- a regular skillet. And they- they put hot coals under it when they built it in front of the uh cooked in the fireplace you see.
Interviewer:  Oh they used coals instead of
312:  They put coals under the skillet. And that's where the- why there were legs.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise} all right what about {X}
312:  {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright. Would you call- ever call it anything else?
312:  no not that I know {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright. What do you call the long container that you use to put cut flowers in? {C: tape noise}
312:  A vase. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. What are the uh eating utensils that you set out at the table?
312:  Uh you mean uh plates and
Interviewer:  The the ones that the utensils that you actually
312:  Oh knives and forks. Uh
Interviewer:  And?
312:  Spoon.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  If the dishes are all dirty you might say oh it's almost supper time and before we can have supper we have to have some clean dishes. I must
312:  wash the dishes.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  And after you wash the dishes then you
312:  dry them.
Interviewer:  uh but sometimes before that you have to
312:  uh rinse 'em.
Interviewer:  Right. Okay. And what do you call the uh cloth or rag that you might use to wash 'em off
312:  uh dish towel.
Interviewer:  But to wash them with too?
312:  No. Dish cloth.
Interviewer:  Okay. And a dish towel is to dry 'em?
312:  Dry them.
Interviewer:  Alright and what you call a s-
312:  It might have been the di- the one to wash 'em with it might be a dish rag.
Interviewer:  Okay now which would you more readily say? Do you know?
312:  Well I think in the early days I would have said rag. I would say cloth now. {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright and how about the one you use for your face? Which would you say?
312:  {C: tape noise}well, I would say cloth now but have said rag in the early days.
Interviewer:  Okay you'd have said say wash- wash rag back then?
312:  Wash rag.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  {NW} Alright uh people used to buy flour in a {C: tape noise}
312:  a barrel. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright uh what did molasses come in when you used to buy it in fairly large quantities?
312:  Mm. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright uh did you call it a stand?
312:  {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh {NW} What's one of these things that we have uh a big container and you want to pour something into small container
312:  Oh uh a funnel.
Interviewer:  Right. {NS} What do you use to urge your horses to go faster when you're
312:  A whip.
Interviewer:  Alright. If you bought fruit at the store the grocer might put them in a
312:  Bag?
Interviewer:  Okay what kind a' bag?
312:  paper bag. Or paper sack.
Interviewer:  Alright. {C: very softly} Um how how uh let's say fifty years ago how was a fairly large quantity of sugar packaged?
312:  In a uh cloth bag I think.
Interviewer:  Okay and how about flour?
312:  In- in the same.
Interviewer:  What do you call the bag or sack that potatoes are shipped in? {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh tow sack?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Any other names?
312:  Uh tow sack and um {X} sack.
Interviewer:  Okay how about feed seed uh
312:  The same thing
Interviewer:  And manure too? I bu- I wouldn't know about manure. {NW}
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Fertilizer.
312:  {NW} {X} about either one particularly. I think it's put in a cloth sack the fertilizer. It was. It's not anymore. I'm sure it's in paper now.
Interviewer:  Yeah I think it is. Alright what would you call {C: tape noise}
312:  A sack?
Interviewer:  Okay uh have you ever heard of a turn of corn?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. Any names for the amount of wood you might carry?
312:  A rick?
Interviewer:  Okay. And how much is a rick of wood?
312:  Oh I can't remember.
Interviewer:  Just an armful?
312:  No a rick. No a rick is um is a certain {C: tape noise} {X} {C: whispering} But when you pile it up it's certain footage
Interviewer:  Oh
312:  Is- is a rick or uh Oh the other name that I can't think of.
Interviewer:  #1 Is that like the hay you were talking about before? #
312:  #2 No. uh #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 # No they pile you know they pile wood into a certain way.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
312:  And a certain footage means a uh the other na- other name has escaped me but
Interviewer:  Can I give you some
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  choices? Would it be a coil?
312:  No not coil.
Interviewer:  Shock?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  doodle?
312:  No. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Those are some words we've gotten.
312:  Uh no uh
Interviewer:  A tumble?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  Oh {NW} it'll come to me. {NW} It's so silly cuz it's so perfectly well known. Uh
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 Well my- my mind's blank on that {X} right now. # But a rick is one- one thing. But that is not something that uh {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Fixed in a certain way. They piled it up just exactly right and they know exactly by the measurement #1 how much that is you see. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh I see. # Oh okay.
312:  And I'll think of the other name.
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  {X} there is another name.
Interviewer:  Ah well I hope you do cuz {C: tape noise}
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright when an electric lamp burns out you have to put in a new {C: tape noise}
312:  a light uh bulb
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  Will you say the whole name again?
312:  Light bulb.
Interviewer:  Thanks. Alright uh {C: tape noise} what do you turn on when you want some water from the kitchen sink?
312:  Uh the s- the uh faucet.
Interviewer:  Alright would you use a different word if it were outside on a pump? Or something?
312:  Spigot?
Interviewer:  Alright is that what you would call it outside? Is there a difference?
312:  {C: tape noise} But I don't think I call it a faucet on the outside.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright you might say it was so cold last night that our water pipes
312:  burst.
Interviewer:  Okay. When you carry the washing out to hang it up on the line you carry it out in a
312:  a basket.
Interviewer:  Uh what do nails come in? It's like a barrel but it's smaller.
312:  I don't {X}
Interviewer:  Mm begins with K?
312:  Keg.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright what runs around the barrel to hold the wood the staves in place?
312:  Uh. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Or another way to put it- just a minute {NS} Another way to put it would be uh the skirts that women used to wear before the civil war {X}
312:  A hoop. Hoop.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW} {X} {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise} top of a bottle once you've opened it?
312:  A stopper.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh What's the musical instrument that children play or sometimes bluegrass uh musicians play? It's like this
312:  Um i- uh well it has several names. The Jews harp is one name and a uh uh Let's see. What's the other name? {C: whispering} Oh I've just {X} not long ago I heard somebody playing one. Uh harmonica.
Interviewer:  Alright. Are they both the same instrument?
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh what do you pound nails with?
312:  Hammer.
Interviewer:  If you have a wagon and two horses you gotta remember back a long time
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What do you call the long piece of wood that goes between the horses?
312:  Um. Mm. Should know that. Oh I know that. It's the {X} I can't think of it. Gimme a clue. {NW}
Interviewer:  Well I'll ask you. Have you heard of a tongue?
312:  #1 Yes that's right. That's right. Yes. Correct. #
Interviewer:  #2 Is that what you call it? Okay. # Now uh Say you have one horse pulling your buggy and before you hitch him up to it you have to back him in
312:  #1 to the #
Interviewer:  #2 between #
312:  uh. Now that's another one {X} Uh Oh you know I can't think.
Interviewer:  {NW} {C: tape noise} Well this is remembering back a long
312:  I know but I- I should- {C: laughing} I should remember that. Uh I can't {X}. I know it so well. I've done it.
Interviewer:  You did it yourself?
312:  Oh yes.
Interviewer:  Would you call it a shaft?
312:  Shafts of course.
Interviewer:  Okay. Okay. {C: tape noise}
312:  No. Shafts is what we called them.
Interviewer:  Alright. Hmm. When a horse is hitched to a wagon what do you call the bar of wood that the traces are fastened to? {NS}
312:  Single tree?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
312:  Good. {NW}
Interviewer:  Now if you have two horses and each one has a singletree what's that called?
312:  I don't know that. I couldn't tell ya.
Interviewer:  Have you heard of a doubletree?
312:  #1 Well maybe I have #
Interviewer:  #2 Or would you call it a double singletree? #
312:  I- I don't know.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} If a man had a load of wood in his wagon and he was driving along you would say he's doing what? With the wood?
312:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Alright let me phrase it another way and see if this What would you say somebody is doing when he's filling up his wagon at the wood lot and taking it to his house unloading it and then going back and filling it up again?
312:  well, my brain's gone.
Interviewer:  Alright would you say he was hauling wood?
312:  Yes of course. {NW}
Interviewer:  Will you say that
312:  Hauling wood. {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright uh suppose there was a log across the road and you needed to get it out of the way. You might say I tied a rope to it and
312:  Pulled it? uh
Interviewer:  Alright another word
312:  Hauled it.
Interviewer:  Another word?
312:  Oh uh dragged it?
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Thank you. And if you've done it many times you say we have? {C: tape noise} Same word.
312:  We have I wouldn't say some a' the things that you might say. {X} Let's see. Uh. {C: tape noise} I don't- let me see now. {C: tape noise} We have well we wouldn't say drug. We would've said dragged I think. {C: tape noise} I have heard people say drug.
Interviewer:  I have too.
312:  {NW} That's not right.
Interviewer:  I don't think so.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh what do you what do you break the ground with in the spring?
312:  Uh uh plow?
Interviewer:  Alright can you can you tell me about some different kinds of plows that you might remember?
312:  No I can't. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  hand drawn or do horses draw them?
312:  Oh h- horses draw them. Yes.
Interviewer:  Oh o- okay.
312:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Alright uh after you've plowed what do you use to break the ground up even finer?
312:  Um. Oh I should know that too. {C: tape noise} Yeah I'm not a farmer. {C: tape noise} {X} I can't think what it's called.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  Yes. That's right. {X}
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call the think that goes across that uh the wheels of the vehicle fit onto it?
312:  Uh uh {C: tape noise} completely blank when you ask me these questions. {C: tape noise} I've seen many of 'em and I've had them. Uh {C: tape noise} Hmm I know what you're talking about. Give me a clue {X}
Interviewer:  {NW} Well
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  I have several words here. Um well I'll just ask you. Would you call it a saw buck? {C: tape noise} Or a saw horse?
312:  Saw horse.
Interviewer:  Alright.
312:  Saw horse was what we would call it.
Interviewer:  How about the ones that are shaped like A that you might put a piece of wood across the top to make a table for church supper or something like that? Is that the same?
312:  Yes it's the same thing.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} When you're taking care of your hair you use a comb and a
312:  brush.
Interviewer:  Alright. {C: tape noise} Do you know what uh a revolver the thing that holds the bullets {C: tape noise}
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Alright um another way this word is used is uh some kinds of pens you put a {X}
312:  {C: tape noise} No no
Interviewer:  It's like an ink pen but it's not a fountain pen. You put the the thing of ink inside the pen.
312:  Uh I can't think.
Interviewer:  Okay uh cartridge? {X}
312:  Yes cartridge. Of course.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What do you call uh in a children's playground a piece of wood on one of those A frame things that goes back and forth. Up and down.
312:  Oh see hor- uh uh see saw.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh if you saw some children on this thing you'd say they are {C: tape noise}
312:  See sawing.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright there's a sorta like a home made merry go round. Uh it's a plank like on a see saw
312:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  but instead of going up and down. It goes around and around in a circle. {C: tape noise}
312:  Yes I have heard of a flying jenny.
Interviewer:  And is that what that is?
312:  I imagine so yes. I'm not sure but I- flying jenny is familiar to me.
Interviewer:  Okay. Well flying dutchman?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} What do you call the uh oh say y- you tie a long rope to a branch and you {X}
312:  Swing.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: whispering} {C: tape noise}
312:  {D: Th- that hoe hard} was the thing that you put it in. They had uh a decorative thing that sat by the fireplace and you put the coal in that from the bucket.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
312:  #2 And you used it. # As was the coal hot
Interviewer:  And then you put it from the hot into
312:  Put onto the fireplace.
Interviewer:  Alright and did you ever call it a coal scuttle?
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  #1 Is that the same thing as a hot #
312:  #2 Yes that's- yes that's the same thing. # No. That's the same as the bucket.
Interviewer:  I see.
312:  Coal scuttle is what I should have said in the first place.
Interviewer:  Okay. No no.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {X}
312:  Coal scuttle is correct.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  #1 They're collectors items. They're collectors items now. #
Interviewer:  #2 Alright I {X} # Are they?
312:  Oh yes.
Interviewer:  #1 Well cuz no one uses them anymore #
312:  #2 {NW} Yes {X} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 {C: tape noise} #
Interviewer:  Do you still have one?
312:  No. {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW} What do you call a small {C: tape noise} It's got a little wheel in front and two handles.
312:  Uh wheelbarrow.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you sharpen a scythe on? {C: tape noise} What kind of stone?
312:  Um Oh dear. {X}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  but I can't think what you call them. {NW} Oh uh {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  That's what I have.
312:  Well. Alright. {C: tape noise} Grindstone would be more of a- likely.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh if something is {X}
312:  A whet stone to my mind would not be the wheel. It would be a stone that you would uh sharpen things on straight.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  {X} That way- that's with a whet stone.
Interviewer:  But a grindstone {X}
312:  Grindstone would be round. Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} What do you call the thing that you drive?
312:  Car.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: whispering} If something in your car is squeaking to lubricate it you have to put not oil but
312:  Lubrication? Um uh
Interviewer:  Well it's a synonym for oil. You cook with it. Bacon
312:  grease. Grease. {X}
Interviewer:  And if grease got all over your hands then you'd say my hands were all
312:  greasy.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh if you had something in your car that was squeaking yesterday you might- you might say I went out and I
312:  greased the car.
Interviewer:  Okay. Thank you.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright and what is the other I already mentioned it but the other stuff besides grease? That you lubricate with?
312:  Uh oil.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  Oil.
Interviewer:  Alright s-
312:  Coal oil.
Interviewer:  Coal oil?
312:  That's what we use to call it. Yeah. Kerosene.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  {NW} But ker- coal oil was the old name for it.
Interviewer:  Is coal oil the same thing as kerosene?
312:  Yes. It's the same thing as kerosene.
Interviewer:  What might you call a makeshift lamp made with a rag, a bottle, and some kerosene? Have you ever seen one of those?
312:  {C: tape noise} No. I've heard betty lamps. The little things they used to have in the early days where they had anything else they they w- {NW} a betty lamp. It had wick.
Interviewer:  Betty like the
312:  Betty yes. Betty lamp. It was a flat little thing like this. Uh and it stuck in- it had uh a piece of uh sharp portion. they could stick in the wall or stick in the fireplace.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  And they put a little oil in it {C: tape noise} but uh
Interviewer:  Well now this makeshift lamp {C: tape noise}
312:  Well torch would be yes. I wouldn't be- I wouldn't be familiar with torch particularly. Torch is something that that carried
Interviewer:  #1 Right. {X} #
312:  #2 and a long stick. Yes that's it. # And they used I think it in the old days they used to have back uh early they had torch parades. So it's like parades and they carry these things and that was th- that was a torch light parade. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  flambeaus?
312:  No. I mean I think I've read it but I've- it's not familiar with me here.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh inside the ca- the tire of a car is the inner
312:  tube.
Interviewer:  If they have just built a boat and are going to put it in the water
312:  #1 {X} launch it. #
Interviewer:  #2 you say they're going # Say it again?
312:  Launch it.
Interviewer:  Thank you. {C: tape noise} Uh what kind of boat would you go fishing in on a small lake?
312:  Uh row boat. Or canoe. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What's the difference?
312:  Well a canoe is a is made of- it's very different construction. It's uh flimsier uh thinner material. A h- row boat is a really very sturdy {C: tape noise} made out of wood. Very sturdy.
Interviewer:  Is it does it have a rounded or a flat
312:  Flat bottom.
Interviewer:  And uh is the front of it pointed or {X}
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} If a woman wants to buy a dress in a certain color {C: tape noise} If she sees a dress that she likes very much and it's very becoming she says that's a very {C: tape noise}
312:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Well the word is really common. It's used to describe {C: tape noise}
312:  I can't think. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Pretty.
312:  Oh of course pretty
Interviewer:  #1 {X} ask it very well. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Alright supposing you say uh uh my dress is pretty but I think Susie's is even
312:  prettier.
Interviewer:  Okay. What might you wear over your dress to protect it in the kitchen?
312:  An apron.
Interviewer:  Uh you write with a
312:  pen.
Interviewer:  Okay uh when you fasten your baby's diapers you use a
312:  safety pin.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh Wh- when you buy soup it usually comes in a
312:  can.
Interviewer:  What kind of can?
312:  Tin can.
Interviewer:  Okay. And how many cents is a dime worth?
312:  Ten.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh let's see. When you pu- what do you put on when you go outside in the winter time?
312:  A coat.
Interviewer:  Okay and you might say that coat has fancy buttons. {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh {NW}
Interviewer:  well it's important what I was trying to get you to say fancy buttons on it.
312:  Oh {NW} On it. {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright uh when men get especially dressed up they wear between their shirt and their coat they wear a {C: tape noise}
312:  Between the shirt and the coat.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  A vest. {NS} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh a suit consists of a coat, a vest, and
312:  pants.
Interviewer:  Alright.
312:  Or trousers. Whichever you wis- prefer to call it. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Do you use the words interchangeably?
312:  Yes. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh are there any other names for the the {X} {C: tape noise}
312:  Can't think of one.
Interviewer:  Okay. You might say uh this coat doesn't fit this year. But last year it
312:  did fit. {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright but without using did. {C: tape noise}
312:  It didn't. Uh
Interviewer:  Without using did. Say last year it
312:  fitted.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh if your old suit wore- wore out you'd have to buy a
312:  new one.
Interviewer:  A new?
312:  Suit. New
Interviewer:  Yeah that's right just say {X}
312:  New suit. A new suit.
Interviewer:  Thank you. {C: tape noise} If uh it- uh if you stuff a lot of thing in your pockets it makes them
312:  bulge.
Interviewer:  When you wash- let's say you might say this shirt isn't {D: santerized}. I hope it doesn't
312:  shrink.
Interviewer:  The one I washed yesterday
312:  did shrink.
Interviewer:  No we {X}
312:  Did not shrink.
Interviewer:  Not did. The one I washed yesterday
312:  shrunk.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Lately it seems that every one I have washed has
312:  shrunk.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  When a girl goes out to a party when getting ready you say she likes to {C: tape noise}
312:  {X}
Interviewer:  How about this way. If a girl likes to put on her mother's clothes she likes to
312:  dress up. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh what do you call a small leather contai- container with a clasp on it that women carry money in?
312:  Pocketbook.
Interviewer:  Alright. How about something small you might take to church just to carry coins?
312:  Uh {X} Purse.
Interviewer:  Okay. Now if you had something to carry your money in that goes inside your pocketbook or inside your purse what would that be called? {X}
312:  Wallet. {NW}
Interviewer:  Would you ever call it a bill fold?
312:  Yes. Either one.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call the piece of jewelry that a woman wears around her
312:  bracelet.
Interviewer:  What do you call uh what you have around your neck?
312:  Uh uh necklace.
Interviewer:  Alright supposing it were beads. You'd say it's a
312:  a bead uh
Interviewer:  A something of beads.
312:  Uh uh ch- uh uh a bead chain no uh
Interviewer:  Or something of pearls. {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh {C: tape noise} necklace of pearls.
Interviewer:  Alright would y- have you ever heard this expression a pair of beads?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Alright or string?
312:  String.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do men wear to hold up their trousers here
312:  Uh uh uh {NW} I know what it's called. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Mm.
312:  Uh Not braces. That is a name for it but that's not what we would call it. Uh suspenders.
Interviewer:  Alright. Have you ever heard of galluses?
312:  Yes I have heard of galluses too.
Interviewer:  Alright uh who says galluses? Have any idea? {C: very softly}
312:  Country people.
Interviewer:  Do they?
312:  Yeah. {C: laughing} should think so.
Interviewer:  What do you hold over you when it rains?
312:  An umbrella.
Interviewer:  What is the last thing you put on the bed when you make it? {C: tape noise} Thing that goes on top.
312:  Oh a spread.
Interviewer:  Alright. What do you put at the head of the bed that
312:  A pillow.
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh D- uh do you remember ever using anything if you had a double bed this would be like a really long pillow.
312:  Uh a bolster.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Now you might say that bolster didn't go partway across the bed. It went
312:  all the way.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} What did you put on a bed for warmth?
312:  A blanket or a spread or not a spread but uh comforter
Interviewer:  How about the one that ladies get together and make?
312:  Uh uh a quilt.
Interviewer:  Okay. Is there a difference between a comforter and a blanket?
312:  Yes. A comforter is a thing with t- uh cotton in between.
Interviewer:  Ah.
312:  And it's quilted. I should think. Something like that uh
Interviewer:  #1 And how is it different from a quilt? #
312:  #2 Not # It's well It's near th- th- the pro- same- about the same as a quilt.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Might be a little thicker than a quilt.
Interviewer:  What do you call a makeshift sleeping place down on the floor that children especially like to sleep {X}?
312:  Uh pallet.
Interviewer:  Okay. And what was that What would you make one of those out of?
312:  Just put a uh well it could use a- a mattress of some kind. A pad.
Interviewer:  And is that what people did when they had a lot a' company?
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh wh- when you're soil is very very good for growing you say it's very
312:  rich.
Interviewer:  Alright. Give me another word?
312:  Uh {C: tape noise} Mm I can't think right now.
Interviewer:  It- uh would {C: tape noise} oh it can be- it can be applied to anything that reproduces.
312:  Oh uh uh {C: tape noise} {NW} {C: tape noise} I can't think. It's {C: tape noise} I- I- I know it should be but it- it's gone.
Interviewer:  Well alright uh manure is used.
312:  Well there of course
Interviewer:  {X}
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  {X}
312:  Hmm. I don't know.
Interviewer:  I don't wanna say it for you.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh
312:  {NW} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  I'll spell it. F-E-R-T-I-L-E.
312:  Oh fertilized.
Interviewer:  #1 Yes. Okay. #
312:  #2 {NW} # {NW}
Interviewer:  What is the land called It's low land. It goes along the stream and it's uh overflowed if the stream rises and overflows it in the spring then it goes back down and you plow it and it's real rich.
312:  It's bottom land.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
312:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What's a word for low lying grass land?
312:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Okay. How about for a field that might be good for nothing other than raising grass, clover {C: pronunciation} clover or alfalfa?
312:  Mm I don't know what it would be called.
Interviewer:  Okay. You- you may not have names for it cuz you're not a {C: tape noise} Okay what about the land that uh {NS} has water standing in it {C: tape noise} for a good part of the time?
312:  It's uh I don't
Interviewer:  It's the Okefenokee {C: tape noise} How about the place where salt hay grows along the sea?
312:  I don't know. I- I should I think but I don't remember.
Interviewer:  Marshes?
312:  Marsh land.
Interviewer:  Okay. What is a Alright some people say that this is very poor and sandy soil. Other people say it's good soil but it's the same word. And usually when I think of it I think of soil that's part sand and part clay and not very good for growing anything.
312:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Would you call it- have you ever heard of loam?
312:  I have heard of loam yes but I do- uh that's not particularly familiar to me.
Interviewer:  Okay. Um if they're getting water off the marshes you say they are doing what to the land?
312:  Draining it. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What would you call a deep narrow valley that's cut by a stream of water {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh a pond.
Interviewer:  #1 Well {X} but this is- this is #
312:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  long.
312:  Oh.
Interviewer:  A stream, kinda.
312:  I don't know. {C: tape noise} not particularly have water.
Interviewer:  Oh it doesn't?
312:  No. {C: tape noise} Yes probably. {C: tape noise} deep
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  Uh narrow {D: cleft} {C: tape noise} but it doesn't necessarily have water to my mind. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. I'll remember that.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {X} It's probably true. {C: tape noise} If there's been a heavy rainfall {C: tape noise}
312:  Mm I don't know.
Interviewer:  Alright would you call it a gully?
312:  Yes that's right. Gully. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright what- what is your first- the first word that comes to your mind for a small stream of water?
312:  {D: A creek.}
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Is there anything smaller than a creek?
312:  A s- uh uh brook.
Interviewer:  Anything smaller than a brook?
312:  Stream.
Interviewer:  Or is a stream bigger?
312:  stream is bigger yes. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  well you said stream so between a stream and a river in size? {C: tape noise}
312:  No a creek is between I would say. Between a river and a stream.
Interviewer:  So it goes river creek stream brook?
312:  No brook would be small.
Interviewer:  That's what I'm doing. I'm going from #1 big to small. #
312:  #2 Oh yeah big small yes. I should #
Interviewer:  River is the biggest
312:  river's the biggest.
Interviewer:  The creek? Or {X}
312:  Then creek.
Interviewer:  Okay. Then stream
312:  stream and then brook. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} I just wanted to {X} #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  If you have- say you have two streams that come together and make a third big one what do you call those two? {C: tape noise} In relation to the big one I guess. {C: tape noise}
312:  Well it'd all be rivers possibly. It could be.
Interviewer:  Alright the two- but the two smaller ones are called what of the big one?
312:  Tributary?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  Yeah. Tributary.
Interviewer:  Would you call 'em forks too?
312:  Forks yes it would be a fork.
Interviewer:  Alright what do you call a very small rise in the land?
312:  A hill.
Interviewer:  Is there anything smaller?
312:  Uh I can't think {X} I tell ya See I when you get my age you {NW} you forget- I mean names don't come to you very quickly. In a little while I will think of that but {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Now this is the truth. You have had less trouble coming up with these words than anybody else {X}
312:  Really? #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 That's the truth. #
312:  #1 Well I'm so glad to know it because I feel that I'm just #
Interviewer:  #2 Really. # I interviewed a nineteen year old girl yesterday and she- maybe she's just kind of uh not very intelligent but she just had to sit and think on
312:  #1 Well it's #
Interviewer:  #2 every word #
312:  that's- I find that that is true in old age that s- that names do not come to you as quickly as they might. I- in a little while I'll think of that
Interviewer:  #1 Okay y- I'm sure you will. #
312:  #2 you know. But it's uh # #1 {NW} doesn't come back {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 As far as I can tell # you're not doing badly at all
312:  Well I'm glad to know it. {NW}
Interviewer:  I'm just shooting these questions at you and changing the subject all the time and I don't blame you.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  And that's just how they're arranged.
312:  Mm.
Interviewer:  Uh and I also want to ask you do you have any streams or creeks in this neighborhood?
312:  Well there's a little stream down at the foot of this back here in the in- the foot of this uh land back there. It drops down in there and there is a little stream
Interviewer:  #1 Does it have a name? #
312:  #2 down there. # I think it's- I'm not sure but I think it's a part of what is {X} known as sugar tree creek. {C: tape noise} that runs back through all this property back in here and I'm not certain but I think that's part of it.
Interviewer:  Okay. Are there any others that you know about that {X}
312:  Uh down well over on Harding road down here a little further is uh Richland creek. That's a good size creek. It runs through there.
Interviewer:  Harding road goes over it.
312:  Harding road is the one that you come out from town uh right here t- actually here. I told you the other day that you find uh business p- all the business stuff over across the way. That's Harding #1 road. #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. #
312:  That road there that you cross.
Interviewer:  Alright. I remember.
312:  And there is a Richland creek that crosses Harding road down below here out there a way. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Richland?
312:  #1 Richland creek yes. #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. #
312:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # Uh Alright what do you call the thing you turn to open a door?
312:  Um um knob. Door knob.
Interviewer:  Is there any kind of land that's uh called
312:  knob yes.
Interviewer:  And what is that?
312:  Oh well it's uh a hill kind of a roundish hill as I {X} oh well no not necessarily. We have out here hills {C: tape noise} They are low hills.
Interviewer:  Are they smaller than hills generally?
312:  Uh yes I should think. They're not big tall hills. They are- they are rim Nashville these knobs around us here. And they are hills but not very tall hills. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay and how do you What- what would be the difference to you between a knob and a knoll?
312:  #1 Uh {X} know #
Interviewer:  #2 Or is there any difference? #
312:  I don't know. I don't know. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  very very large much larger than a hill?
312:  Mountain. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh what do you call the rocky side of a mountain that just drops straight off?
312:  Uh bluff.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: whispering} {C: tape noise} Any other words?
312:  Well it- I'm sure there are.
Interviewer:  I mean that you would call.
312:  No I can't think. A bluff would be
Interviewer:  So you'd- you would say be careful don't fall off the
312:  {X} bluff. {C: tape noise} {NW}
Interviewer:  Up in the mountains where the road goes across a low place you would call that a
312:  uh {X} uh uh {C: tape noise} Well a notch or notch would be one word.
Interviewer:  Or a gap?
312:  Gap. It'd be more likely that we would call it. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What do you call a place uh where boats stop {C: tape noise}
312:  R- a wharf. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh What do you call a kind of white hard paved road like city sidewalks? What's it made out of?
312:  Uh concrete.{C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh Any other words for concrete?
312:  Uh yes I'm sure there are. Uh {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay fine. {C: tape noise} say you're not in the city but you're up in the suburbs or in the country. What would you call a little road that goes off the main road?
312:  Uh gravel road.
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh Supposing you came to a man's farm down the main road and you came to the turn off going down to his house. What would you call that? {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh {X} I don't know. {C: tape noise} A lane?
Interviewer:  Okay. Or a driveway maybe?
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  What about uh
312:  If it went directly into his place it'd be a driveway. Otherwise it might be a lane going to his property.
Interviewer:  That other people might
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  share?
312:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Okay. What if it were a big plantation with a long tree lined pathway leading up to the entrance. Would that {X}
312:  Driveway.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call the thing along the side of the street that people walk on?
312:  A sidewalk.
Interviewer:  Okay. If you were walking along the road and a dog jumps out at you and scares you {C: tape noise}
312:  A stick.
Interviewer:  Okay. What would you say you did with the stick?
312:  {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright but what would you say you did with it?
312:  Oh.
Interviewer:  Yesterday say.
312:  I threw it.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NW} If you go to somebody's house and he is not there the person who answers the door says I'm sorry. He's not
312:  in.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh how about if they were going to use the word h- home how would they say
312:  Not at home.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Now then if you're uh having coffee uh would you {C: tape noise} D- do you have any special names for {C: tape noise}
312:  No I do not.
Interviewer:  How- well how would you say
312:  Black. You could have it black.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 That's the only thing that I would #
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of bare footed coffee?
312:  No. Never. {NW}
Interviewer:  I think that's cute.
312:  {NW} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  I drink it
312:  with milk.
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh If you don't- if you don't have uh milk in your tea you say I drink it {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh without milk. {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright if someone is not going away from you you say he's coming straight {C: tape noise} If you saw someone you haven't seen for quite a while you might say {C: tape noise}
312:  {X}
Interviewer:  Oh no I'm sorry. If you saw him and you're telling me about it
312:  Oh.
Interviewer:  You'd say well just this morning I
312:  I thought of you. No th- uh Wait a minute now. I don't
Interviewer:  Alright well the other person we commenting is Ms. Cornelius so supposing you saw her this morning. You hadn't seen her for a long time you might say to me well just this morning I ran
312:  Ran into her.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  If a child is given the same name that his father has {C: tape noise}
312:  Junior. Or
Interviewer:  Or {C: tape noise}
312:  for his father.
Interviewer:  Right. {NS} Uh what do you call the kind of animal that barks?
312:  A dog.{C: distorted pitch from here till end}
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise} You wanted your d- if you had your dog trained to attack somebody else what might you say to it to make 'em do it? {C: distorted pitch} {C: tape noise} Do you know what it calls?{C: distorted pitch}
312:  No I do not.{C: distorted pitch}
Interviewer:  Alright.{C: distorted pitch} What would you call a mixed breed dog?{C: distorted pitch}
312:  Uh a {D: cur}.{C: distorted pitch}
Interviewer:  Okay.{C: distorted pitch} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  a baby calf makes when it's being weaned?
312:  Uh Sheep would bleat. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Uh but a calf I don't know. I don't remember what a calf would
Interviewer:  Would you say it bawls? Or
312:  #1 Yeah #
Interviewer:  #2 blares? #
312:  Bawls.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Bawls.
Interviewer:  What is a gentle noise that a cow makes?
312:  I don't know that either.
Interviewer:  Well moo any
312:  Moo of course.
Interviewer:  #1 Alright have you ever heard of a cow lowing? #
312:  #2 That's it. # Yes. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} What're some noises that uh horses make?
312:  Neigh.
Interviewer:  And how about one that's a little gentler? A little quieter?
312:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Whinny?
312:  Whinny of course yes. Whinny.
Interviewer:  Okay. A hen on a nest of eggs is called a
312:  brooding hen.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh what is the name of the place where the hens- where all the chickens live?
312:  Hen house.
Interviewer:  #1 Or a chicken #
312:  #2 Or a hen yard. # Chicken yard. Chicken house.
Interviewer:  Another word besides yard or house? Begins with C. Chicken c-
312:  coop.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS}
312:  Chicken coop we would say.
Interviewer:  Alright which- which way do you say?
312:  Coop.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Coop. {NW}
Interviewer:  Why did- why did you say coop {C: pronunciation} then?
312:  Well I don't know. But {NW} maybe you'd I don't know. Oh you didn't say it.
Interviewer:  Mm-mm.
312:  But uh coop is what we would say.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
312:  #2 {X} we'd say Cooper # The name Cooper. We don't say Cooper {C: pronunciation}.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  You see we say Cooper.
Interviewer:  Cooper.
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay. When eating a chicken what do you call the part that you break apart? The bone that you pull?
312:  Oh uh uh wishbone.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh Did you have a special name for the larger piece and the smaller piece?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Which piece got the wish?
312:  This larger piece got the wish as I remember.
Interviewer:  That's what I think too but about half the people
312:  #1 I think it's the larger piece. #
Interviewer:  #2 I interview say the smaller. #
312:  I think so.
Interviewer:  I get about fifty {X}
312:  {NW} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What do you call the inside parts of a chicken that you eat? The liver and heart and gizzard
312:  #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  the en- uh not e- that's not uh the uh {NW} Uh uh Oh I can't brain's gone on that.
Interviewer:  You were saying- you were about to say entrails.
312:  Uh entrails would be the that would not be the
Interviewer:  #1 That wouldn't be {X} Oh that's right. #
312:  #2 the part that you eat. No. # No.
Interviewer:  Have you heard harslet or haslet?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh #
312:  #2 Give me another one. #
Interviewer:  How about that that part of the hog? Sometimes um you eat it sometimes you stuff sausage in it.
312:  Oh uh I know what it's called but I can't think.
Interviewer:  Chit-?
312:  Well Chit- chitterlings is- is uh part that they eat. I mean that's what's left as I remember when they make lard these little pieces that are in the lard that they drain off are chitterlings as I remember. That's
Interviewer:  But that wasn't something you ate.
312:  Yes you did. They do eat it.
Interviewer:  You {D: though}.
312:  I don't.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  But {NW} no I didn't. But bunch a' people do. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What are some uh When- let's say you're out there on the farm and your- all your cows are way out there in the pasture
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  what would you holler at 'em to make 'em come back?
312:  {NW} I don't know. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  #1 Oh you must know. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  You have no calls for cows
312:  #1 No I have no calls for #
Interviewer:  #2 just {X} #
312:  cows. {C: laughing} {NW}
Interviewer:  How about to make 'em stand still so they're easier to milk?
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  I gather you didn't do a whole lot a'
312:  #1 I didn't. I didn't #
Interviewer:  #2 cow milking in your day. #
312:  do any
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
312:  #2 cow milking. # Though I think I have heard things but I can't remember what they were.
Interviewer:  Alright how about calling uh calves?
312:  I- I don't call calves. {NW}
Interviewer:  How about when you're- alright when y- you're driving horses and you wanna tell 'em to go left or right. Do you remember that?
312:  Yee and haw? No that's {C: laughing} {NW}
Interviewer:  That might be right {X} yeehaw.
312:  {NW} I don't know.
Interviewer:  Don't remember?
312:  Mm-mm. I didn't call 'em. I just indicated with my blinds as to what I wanted 'em to do.
Interviewer:  Okay then you
312:  #1 I didn't ca- #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} you've never had to say anything? #
312:  No I didn't call 'em.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  Get up.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  What would you say to stop him?
312:  Whoa. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay now they have contests with this stuff on T-V. How do you call hogs?
312:  I don't know. I've heard them.
Interviewer:  Have you- have you ever seen a hog calling contest
312:  #1 Yes I have. Yes I have. #
Interviewer:  #2 on T-V? {X} funny. # But you can't think of the sounds they make?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. Sheep? Calling sheep?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Calling chickens?
312:  #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  Well chickens. Mm. I don't remember. I know there is a something that you do for calling chickens but I can't think what it is.
Interviewer:  Say uh you wanna get your horses ready to go somewhere. You say I want to Or I have to
312:  Uh Uh
Interviewer:  It means putting the saddle on and
312:  #1 Oh uh #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
312:  Harness them.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} Okay uh {C: tape noise} You were talking about the lines to the horses before when you were sitting in the
312:  #1 Reins. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Alright what's the difference between lines and reins?
312:  I think the same thing.
Interviewer:  Is there any difference whether you're sitting on the horse or sitting in a buggy?
312:  Uh.
Interviewer:  As to what you'd call 'em? {NS}
312:  Uh reins uh in the buggy. And a bridle is on the horse.
Interviewer:  I see. Okay. When you're riding on the horse
312:  #1 Yes it's a bridle. #
Interviewer:  #2 yourself # Alright and what do you put your feet into?
312:  Stirrups. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  what do you call the one on the left?
312:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Would you call him the lead horse?
312:  #1 I don't know which one is it- I don't know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Or {X} # Have you ever heard of a lead horse?
312:  I've heard of a lead horse. Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay. If something isn't right here at hand you say it's just a little {C: tape noise}
312:  Over there? Around the corner? {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay um It's a well you usually use it with the word little. Say it's a little wi-?
312:  little way.
Interviewer:  Okay. Would you say a little way or a little ways
312:  A little way or {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  If you've been traveling and you haven't {C: tape noise}
312:  way to go.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} If something is very common and you don't have to look for it in a special place you'd- you would say well you can find that just about
312:  {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright. If somebody slipped on the ice and fell this way you'd say he fell
312:  back.
Interviewer:  Okay uh a longer word than that. {C: tape noise}
312:  Forward.
Interviewer:  And he fell this way {X}
312:  Backward.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Uh {C: tape noise} trenches cut by a plow? In even {X}
312:  Furrows.
Interviewer:  Okay. If you have a good yield you say we raised a big
312:  crop.
Interviewer:  If you got rid of all the brush and trees on the land you'd say you did what to the
312:  Cleared the land.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} Alright now what do you call the old dry dead grass that is left over on the ground in the spring? {C: tape noise}
312:  Hay. Of straw.
Interviewer:  Alright but a what of straw?
312:  A rick? Uh uh uh s- {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  #1 Well have you heard it #
312:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  called a second cutting?
312:  No I n- I haven't. I think- I'm not a farmer though I-
Interviewer:  I know.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 I'm just trying to think what you have heard of {X} #
312:  #2 Yeah. I don't- I don't remember # set uh stec- uh second cutting.
Interviewer:  How about a {D: ladder math or} #1 {X} #
312:  #2 No. No. #
Interviewer:  Rowan?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. Wheat is tied up into?
312:  Shocks.
Interviewer:  Alright. Can you think of another word? There's a hymn. {C: tape noise}
312:  sheaves.
Interviewer:  Okay. Ah now here we have shock. This says
312:  Shock is more likely for corn.
Interviewer:  Would you put sheaves- would you pile sheaves up into a shock?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  #1 No you wouldn't do it that way? #
312:  #2 No. # No.
Interviewer:  Okay. S- so sheaf is wheat and shock is corn?
312:  Yeah that's right.
Interviewer:  Alright what do you call a big measurement of wheat like this in a basket?
312:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  You can usually get forty of these to a {X}
312:  Bushel.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  Bushel? {NS}
Interviewer:  What do you have to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of 'em? The good from the bad?
312:  Winnow? {C: tape noise} I don't know.
Interviewer:  Alright there's a particular word I want you to say. Um It's also- you can when you have a bad child you say you be- you better be careful or I'm gonna
312:  Whip you? {NW}
Interviewer:  Like whip or spank.
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  Begins with T-H.
312:  I can't- I don't know. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Mm.
312:  Thrash.
Interviewer:  Yes. {C: whispering}
312:  Thrash. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh If you're comparing how tall you are you and another person are you say he is not as tall as
312:  I am.
Interviewer:  Okay. Comparing how tall you are you might say I'm not as
312:  tall as he.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh If a man had been running for two miles and then had to stop you might say two miles is
312:  enough?
Interviewer:  Well he could You're saying he c- if he could only go two miles you'd say two miles is
312:  Mm I don't know. what would you
Interviewer:  Well using farthest or furthest {C: tape noise}
312:  Two miles is far enough. Uh I- I don't
Interviewer:  Okay that's good enough.
312:  {X}
Interviewer:  I'm looking for two miles is the farthest {C: tape noise}
312:  Well
Interviewer:  #1 All the farther you could go? #
312:  #2 two # No. Two miles is the farthest he would go would be more likely what I would say.
Interviewer:  Okay. If something belongs to me you'd say it's
312:  yours.
Interviewer:  Alright. If it belongs to both of us you say it's
312:  ours.
Interviewer:  If it belongs to them it's
312:  belongs to them.
Interviewer:  No but it's {C: tape noise}
312:  theirs.
Interviewer:  Okay. If it belongs to him it's
312:  his.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
312:  #2 If it belongs to her # it's hers.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  people at a party might say If you wanna know about them and then they had a phrases without saying it {D: themself}.
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  Uh Well you wanna know who had been there {C: tape noise} so you say How would you ask that?
312:  Who was at the party?
Interviewer:  {X} Would you ever say who all was there?
312:  No I don't think I would.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh If no one else will look out for them you say they've got to look out for
312:  for themselves.
Interviewer:  Okay. And if no one else will do it for 'em you say he'd better just go ahead and do it
312:  do it himself.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What is made of flour baked in loaves?
312:  Bread.
Interviewer:  When it's made to ride with yea- rise with yeast you might call it
312:  Uh Uh {C: tape noise} I don't know. Yeast- no. Uh {C: tape noise} I- I can't think at the moment.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh what are some different kinds of bread?
312:  Well there's uh loaf bread uh {C: tape noise} I can't think what you want me to say. {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 Oh okay. That's- no that's fine. Just some different kinds of bread. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Alright there- there are two basic kinds of bread however. The kind you make at home
312:  and the kind you buy in the store.
Interviewer:  Alright. So
312:  A loaf.
Interviewer:  Home made bread and
312:  and uh
Interviewer:  If you're gonna describe the kind you buy at the store you'd say it's
312:  Loaf of bread.
Interviewer:  #1 Well #
312:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 # Uh
Interviewer:  There are two kinds of bread. The home made bread and the kind you buy at the store called
312:  Not store bought. I wouldn't say that.
Interviewer:  #1 You wouldn't? That's what I say. Store bought bread. #
312:  #2 {NW} # Uh no I just would buy bread in the store. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay. Um What is baked what is baked in a large cake made of cornmeal?
312:  Corn bread.
Interviewer:  Okay. What- are there more than one kind of corn bread?
312:  Yes. There are a number of kinds of corn bread. There's a l- uh uh corn sticks, corn muffins corn pones.
Interviewer:  Now what are corn pones?
312:  Corn pones were the old fashioned. We don't see those very much but it was corn bread made with just boiling water and lard and salt.
Interviewer:  Ah.
312:  Nothing else. And you make it in little loaf with your hand and put it in- bake it in the stove and it's perfectly delicious.
Interviewer:  Oh is it good?
312:  Yes. Very good. You have to have a very hot stove to do it. You see it has to brown on the outside, I mean get real brown on the outside and then it's salted {C: tape noise} And then there is a hoe cake {C: tape noise} which is made of the same kind of cornmeal only flat and on a skillet. {C: tape noise} turned over {X} baked on top of the stove. That's very good too. That's a hoe cake.
Interviewer:  A hoe cake. Now does either of these a little bit of onion or green pepper
312:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 mixed in 'em? #
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Can you think of what that is?
312:  That is a uh I should think uh They're used with fish. Now that's made with fish. Uh hush puppies.
Interviewer:  Oh yeah that's right.
312:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Okay do you know what a corn dodger is?
312:  Well it's- it's the same sort of thing as a corn uh hoe cake I- I imagine. I don't know but I think that's- but we don't call them that. Corn dodgers here.
Interviewer:  Okay. Okay I think we quit here. It's a good stopping place.
312:  #1 Yes that's a good stopping place. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
312:  #1 {C: tape noise} #
Interviewer:  #2 # {NW} {C: tape noise}
312:  I wanna get something straightened out before we get started.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 {D: I remember} # On my You asked me about the education my families and so forth the other day. Uh you know my grandmother's brothers my grandmother's father I told you was the book man that had the book store and so forth Well he of course made a quite a bit of money back then before the Civil War cuz he furnished libraries for all the {X} in the south and {X} paper.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: very softly}
312:  But- and so he sent his uh oldest son the one up there in that little frame with the little doors was- went into the- he went to the university of Nashville and then he went into the Civil- Civil War into the Confederate Army {C: tape noise} and died there when he was just twenty-one. Then the second son he sent to Yale. and that was in sixty {C: tape noise} four I guess. And he graduated from Yale in sixty-eight. Then the third son was just the- and just before the end of the Civil War my grandfather took him up to try to get a appointment for him into the navy. And they went to Washington just before uh W- Lincoln was assassinated. To see Lincoln because my grandfather knew Johnson who was the vice president you see. And Lincoln couldn't see them that day and they went onto New York and while they went- and were coming back and they while they were in New York Lincoln was assassinated. And so when they came back to Washington that was- my uncle said that was the first official act of Johnson's was to appoint him to the naval academy.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh he- oh #
312:  #2 So he #
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  he graduated in eighteen sixty-eight. Sixty-nine. And uh and retired as a rear admiral in nineteen ten. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  #1 Then #
Interviewer:  #2 That's a long service. #
312:  #1 Well that was for- #
Interviewer:  #2 That's forty years. #
312:  Forty- no. Yes that was yes. Then uh my older sister the girls in the family my grandmother all went to the Nashville female academy which was a very famous girls school here. {C: tape noise} And uh {C: tape noise} generation they didn't have any money. You see. All the- well after the war everybody was strapped and they went to the public schools. I went to a private school. And my daughter graduated Vanderbilt university. So that's the story.
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  got another thing I found out I remembered what uh cord of wood.
Interviewer:  Oh #1 that's right. #
312:  #2 A cord of wood is # four feet eight by eight feet. If they pile it up and that's the way they they uh {NS}
Interviewer:  Wonder if I can find that. {NS} A cord.
312:  #1 Cord. Mm-hmm yeah {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah I've heard that. #
312:  my brain wouldn't work the other day. {X} {NW} And another thing I remembered was games. You know you were asking me about game. The one thing was hopscotch.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh that's right. #
312:  #2 {X} # And skating. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
312:  #2 Roller skate. # They had uh in my neighborhood they only had one sidewalk that was concrete uh cement and that- we skated on that. I knew it was {D: just a word that people today} whose house it was by. The rest of 'em are all brick.
Interviewer:  #1 And you couldn't roller skate on them? #
312:  #2 {X} # Well it was
Interviewer:  #1 Slick? #
312:  #2 not easy. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 {C: tape noise} # No it was rough.
Interviewer:  Oh I guess so {C: tape noise}
312:  But they're just two other things that I remember.
Interviewer:  Okay thanks. {C: tape noise} Uh Well yesterday we were talking about bread corn bread
312:  #1 Yes yes. #
Interviewer:  #2 stuff like that. # Okay. What do you call the things that you make up for a batter and you fry 'em and they're big and round?
312:  #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 For breakfast. #
312:  uh batter cakes we call 'em.
Interviewer:  Oh did you?
312:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise}
312:  pancakes. They'd- I'd calling them that in later years because they get it from out of {NW} television and books.
Interviewer:  Right.
312:  But batter cakes is the name for it.
Interviewer:  made out of wheat flour?
312:  Uh no. Some were made out a' corn. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  I bet they were.
312:  They were. Corn cakes. Corn cakes
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Alright uh {NW} excuse me. {C: tape noise} flour you buy it in certain measurements. What are those? Not ounces but
312:  Uh ba- uh uh uh sack? I mean uh {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  A weight.
312:  Oh a weight.
Interviewer:  I wanna buy two
312:  pounds
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  of flour.
Interviewer:  What do you use to make the bread rise?
312:  Oh yeast.
Interviewer:  Okay ever heard it called anything else?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: whispering} What do you call uh {C: tape noise} the thing that the hen lays?
312:  Eggs.
Interviewer:  Alright. What's the inside part called?
312:  Yolk.
Interviewer:  Uh did y- di- have you ever heard the yolk called anything else? {C: tape noise} Uh if you were going to if you'd heated up some water and you crack an egg into it what kind a' egg is that?
312:  Uh {C: tape noise} poached.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Have you heard of that called dropped eggs?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} What is a- what do you call fat salt pork? {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh. {C: tape noise} I can't think. There is a name. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Well how about side meat? {C: tape noise}
312:  Well of course I know it we wouldn't
Interviewer:  #1 Oh okay. #
312:  #2 say that. #
Interviewer:  Have you heard that though?
312:  No I #1 never have. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh oh okay. #
312:  That's just something that I'm sure that we would never
Interviewer:  Okay. {NW} How about white meat? {C: tape noise}
312:  No.
Interviewer:  {X} ham. Or white bacon.
312:  Well it's just- just bacon.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  Um
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  Boiling bacon.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  That's what we'd call
Interviewer:  Oh {C: tape noise}
312:  boiling bacon. I knew there was a name for it.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh what do you call the outside part of bacon?
312:  Rind. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Ever call it the skin? {C: tape noise} cuts up the meat for you?
312:  Uh butcher.
Interviewer:  Alright. If the meat has been kept too long you might say the meat has done what? {C: tape noise} If you kept it be- to beyond the point where you could eat it. {C: tape noise}
312:  It's spoiled. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Have you heard of when you butcher a hog uh some people make- make something with the meat from its head? {C: tape noise}
312:  I don't know. I'm not familiar- I know- I know there is something but I can't
Interviewer:  Have you heard of souse?
312:  Yeah souse.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Yes that's right.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard it called head cheese?
312:  No- {X} I've read of it but not- uh that's not a colloquial thing {X}
Interviewer:  #1 Around here they say souse? #
312:  #2 Around here no. #
Interviewer:  But they do say souse?
312:  Yeah. Souse is something that I know.
Interviewer:  {NW} Have you heard of a dish that's uh prepared by cooking and grinding up hog liver?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. How about the juice of um souse or liver sausage and stirred up with cornmeal?
312:  No I don't know that.
Interviewer:  Have you heard of scrapple?
312:  Uh I've heard of it yes. Never eaten it but I've heard of it.
Interviewer:  Okay. Supposing you keep butter too long outside the refrigerator and it doesn't taste good any more. How would you describe its condition?
312:  Mm.
Interviewer:  The butter is
312:  Uh spoiled. #1 I don't know #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
312:  I- I don't know. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Would you ever say it's rancid?
312:  Yes. You would. Rancid is right.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call thick sour milk that you just keep out?
312:  Ah uh uh {C: tape noise} Uh Clabber. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  And what's the cheese that's made from that?
312:  Uh uh cottage cheese.
Interviewer:  Alright. You ever hear it called anything else?
312:  It seems to me that I had some German friends that called it something else and I can't think what it was. Uh Well now I don't- I can't remember but I know that they did make something that they called uh out of that. I- they did it. I used to see 'em
Interviewer:  #1 Would they have called it smear cheese? #
312:  #2 hang it. # Yeah. Smearcase they called it.
Interviewer:  Right.
312:  Smearcase. See it was these German neighbors of mine. Smearcase. That was what they made and they hung it in a bag and it dripped {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  #1 Neat. Oh I like it. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  Smearcase.
Interviewer:  Okay thanks. That's good. {C: tape noise} Alright what's a dessert that's baked in a deep dish made of apples with a crust on top?
312:  Uh apple {C: tape noise} I don't like it. {C: tape noise} {NW} Oh I know what it {C: tape noise} We had it down here in the dining room all the time and I don't eat it.
Interviewer:  How does that work? Do you have a choice of eating in the dining room or eating here?
312:  No. I- well I can. I mean I have a choice but I've already paid for eating in the dining room.
Interviewer:  Three meals a day?
312:  Three meals a day.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh okay I see. #
312:  #2 But I- and # I don't- I don't eat breakfast down there. I have a choice. I eat it here.
Interviewer:  Do you have to pay for all the meals?
312:  #1 But you have to pay for all the meals. #
Interviewer:  #2 the meals {X} # I see. But usually you have breakfast up here?
312:  Yes I have.
Interviewer:  But that's nice to have a kitchenette.
312:  Yeah I have a kitchen so
Interviewer:  That's
312:  #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 great. #
312:  Apple dumplings is one thing.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh how about apple cobbler?
312:  Yes. That's another.
Interviewer:  Are they the same thing or not?
312:  Uh I'm not sure. Uh n- no I think a dumpling is made with dough that's pulled up put the apples in and then pull it up and
Interviewer:  Oh
312:  you see. It's a round kind of thing.
Interviewer:  It looks like a chicken of dumplings.
312:  Yes and {C: tape noise} sort of
Interviewer:  Oh that's cute.
312:  But the- the dough {C: tape noise} squeezed up at the top so that it would hold together. And they- but a uh cobbler I think would be made in a deep dish. Kind of a deep dish pie. That sort of thing.
Interviewer:  And how about apple pandowdy?
312:  I- that I'm not familiar with. We don't have that here.
Interviewer:  Okay. Okay. What do you call um a sweet liquid that you might pour over pudding or pie?
312:  Syrup?
Interviewer:  Okay. How about something that you put on spaghetti?
312:  Uh s- uh uh sauce uh
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  #1 Yeah that's right. Sauce. #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay that's fine. # Would you ever call it sauce when you put it on pie?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. Well would you call it something else {X}? Some people put milk or cream mixed with sugar and nutmeg.
312:  Oh that's uh uh that's uh hard sauce.
Interviewer:  It's what?
312:  Hard sauce.
Interviewer:  Why is it called hard?
312:  That's- it's hard.
Interviewer:  #1 {D: oh it doesn't} #
312:  #2 It's- it's stiff. #
Interviewer:  #1 Oh. How is it stiff then? #
312:  #2 It's stiff. It's uh # Well it's uh sugar and butter
Interviewer:  #1 Oh. #
312:  #2 You put in the refrigerator you see # and it's stiff. And you put it on these things. It's hard sauce. That's what we call it. {C: tape noise} Mm-hmm. It's butter. It's mostly butter and- and sugar.
Interviewer:  And it's used to put on top of pie?
312:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Oh. Alright. Uh food that you eat between regular meals you call
312:  snack.
Interviewer:  Okay. Mm what do people drink for breakfast?
312:  {X} juice?
Interviewer:  Alright. The hot stuff.
312:  Oh coffee.
Interviewer:  Alright.
312:  #1 I don't. #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: How do you make} # Oh you don't?
312:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. # But do some people drink it?
312:  Yeah some people do. {NW}
Interviewer:  And um how's- what do you- how do you make coffee?
312:  Well uh {C: tape noise} the way you make it now you just use instant coffee. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright but if you're making
312:  If you made- you made it in a drip pot or a percolator.
Interviewer:  Okay and what do you
312:  #1 You put a spoonful #
Interviewer:  #2 what do you do to it? #
312:  for each cup and one for the pot.
Interviewer:  That's right yeah.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 I always thought that was cute. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  And what do you call the heating up process? What's the word for that? You {C: tape noise}
312:  Boil it.
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh what do you drink out of?
312:  A cup.
Interviewer:  Or
312:  Glass.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Uh what do you drink if you're just thirsty? {C: tape noise} Okay. You might say the glass of water fell off the sink and
312:  broke.
Interviewer:  Alright. You might say {C: tape noise}
312:  I didn't spill it.
Interviewer:  #1 I didn't #
312:  #2 I didn't # break it. {NW}
Interviewer:  Someone else has
312:  broken it.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  We'll ask another- another question like that. If I asked you how much did you drink you might say I
312:  I drank. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} me well how much have you {C: tape noise} When dinner is on the table and the family is standing around waiting to begin what do you say to them? {C: tape noise}
312:  Sit down.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Have you ever heard somebody say draw up?
312:  No that's not familiar. No that's not {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  until the potatoes are already passed you just say well {C: tape noise} Uh You would say if um you want somebody to take some food that's being passed say
312:  Would you ha- uh would you have so and so.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh and what's another way to say uh {C: tape noise} {X} just get some for yourself. What's a nicer way to
312:  Help yourself.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. So you'd say he went ahead and
312:  helped himself.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  So if he had already
312:  helped himself.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright what {C: tape noise} If you're in a polite uh company and you decide that you don't want to eat something you say {C: tape noise}
312:  care for this.
Interviewer:  Alright. Now then if you're among intimate friends {C: tape noise}
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  If food has been cooked and served a second time you say it's been
312:  warmed over.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright you put your food in your mouth and then you {C: tape noise}
312:  chew.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call a dish made out of boiled Indian meal and some kind of liquid? Milk or water.
312:  Well there is uh {NS} dish called {C: tape noise} It's not something that we use particularly. Mm. {C: tape noise} bread. {C: tape noise} Spoon bread? {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  could be spoon bread. I'm not sure.
312:  They do have spoon bread.
Interviewer:  What- what is spoon bread?
312:  It's made out of meal.
Interviewer:  It is?
312:  Uh-huh. {C: tape noise} That is a name though that's not familiar to me. Yeah I know that could be.
Interviewer:  Is it the same as spoon bread?
312:  Uh spoon bread is baked inside the stove. Now I'm not sure whether that's the same
Interviewer:  #1 This is boiled. #
312:  #2 thing or not. # No. I don't- I n- uh I'm not familiar with mush.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 But I know what- # about what it is.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call peas, beets, okra, corn
312:  Vegetables.
Interviewer:  Alright. You would- you grow them in a
312:  garden.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh {C: tape noise} Let's see. What is that particularly southern food that's often served with uh bacon and eggs? It's made out of ground {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh white- uh uh corn on the cob
Interviewer:  No this is for breakfast.
312:  Oh breakfast.
Interviewer:  It's ground up. And it's white.
312:  Oh oh uh Uh cream of wheat uh something li- uh
Interviewer:  #1 Uh it's more southern than that. #
312:  #2 that's what #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 # Made out of wheat?
Interviewer:  No it's made out a' corn.
312:  Corn. {C: tape noise} I can't
Interviewer:  It looks exactly like cream of wheat but it's not. It's southern. And nu- I know you eat it- well I imagine you eat it.
312:  I can't. Ah I- I don't know. I can't think.
Interviewer:  When you- whenever you buy breakfast in a restaurant I- I'm sure this comes with it whether you order it or not.
312:  Oh uh grits?
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  {NW} Oh yes grits. I love grits.
Interviewer:  Good ol' grits.
312:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah me too. #
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay uh are there different kinds of grits?
312:  Not that I know of. You bake grits. You can bake it and put eggs in it and cheese and
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. You can. #
312:  #2 that sort a' thing. It's good. #
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  But uh otherwise I'd just say it was grits. That's all. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  What are- uh Do you know what h- hominy grits are? {X}
312:  Yes that's- yes. Well hominy I don't know. Hominy is a big {C: tape noise} but it's- it's not ground up. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Yeah that's right.
312:  It's big.
Interviewer:  Okay fine. What do you call uh the starchy white vegetable that's grown- uh it's a grain. I'm sorry. A starchy white grain that's grown in Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas?
312:  Grain? {C: very softly}
Interviewer:  Well it's also staple food of uh China and Japan.
312:  Oh rice. {NW}
Interviewer:  for some non tax paid alcoholic beverages?
312:  Soft drinks? #1 Oh oh alcoholic. #
Interviewer:  #2 N- n- no. Alcoholic. # Yeah. {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh s- beer.
Interviewer:  N- n- no.
312:  No?
Interviewer:  These are ones that ha- they don't pay the taxes on. They make 'em {X} they brew 'em up you know in the mountains.
312:  Oh uh c- uh white lightning?
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. {NW} #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  You know any other names for it?
312:  Corn liquor. {NW}
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of {D: sploe}?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  How about uh bust head?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 That's what it does. # And moonshine?
312:  Moonshine yes.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 I've heard that. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 #
Interviewer:  When something's cooking and it makes a good impression on your nostrils you say to someone just
312:  Just smell that? {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call You gave me this word before but what do you call the sweet sticky liquid that you put on uh batter {X}
312:  Syrup.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh You might say well syrup is Oh I'm sorry uh {C: tape noise} What is the other kind of of sweet liquid uh if there's
312:  #1 Made out a' maple sugar. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  Oh oh Oh uh sorghum Uh molasses.
Interviewer:  Yes. And you might say syrup is thin but molasses
312:  is thick.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright then you might say well this isn't imitation maple syrup. It's
312:  the real thing.
Interviewer:  Or uh a word describing it. {C: tape noise} It's gen-
312:  Genuine.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Sugar is sold {C: tape noise} and wholesale it's sold {C: tape noise}
312:  #1 I don't know. #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay but if it isn't # packaged then it's sold
312:  in bulk.
Interviewer:  Right. What do you call the sweet spread that you make by boiling sugar and the juice out of apples or peaches or strawberry? {C: tape noise} You're making some
312:  syrup uh
Interviewer:  No. We- you're making some for the uh
312:  Jelly.
Interviewer:  Yeah. {NW} Uh what do you have on the table to season food with?
312:  Uh salt and pepper.
Interviewer:  If there are some apples and a child wants one he says {C: tape noise} Uh if somebody asks you who did something you might say well it wasn't these boys. It must a' been one of
312:  One of those. One of
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
312:  #2 them. # {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright. If you're pointing to a tree {C: tape noise}
312:  Far away. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright. {C: tape noise} He didn't go {C: tape noise} He didn't go that way. He went
312:  this way.
Interviewer:  Alright. When somebody speaks to you and you don't hear what he says what do you normally say to make him repeat it? {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh What did you say?
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh If you had a lot of peach trees you have {C: tape noise}
312:  #1 An orchard. #
Interviewer:  #2 What do you call # {C: tape noise}
312:  Orchard.
Interviewer:  Thank you. I was talking while you were Uh You might ask somebody if it's his orchard. He'll say No. I'm just a neighbor. And pointing to someone else he says he's the man
312:  who has the orchard.
Interviewer:  Alright. If a man has plenty of money {C: tape noise} or a
312:  Oh
Interviewer:  If a man's rich he doesn't have to worry. But life is hard on a man {C: tape noise}
312:  Poor. Who is poor.
Interviewer:  Yeah. {NW} When I was a boy my father was poor. But next door there was a boy
312:  who was rich.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Well- well my father was poor but next door was a boy
312:  whose father was rich.
Interviewer:  Yes. Thank you. {NW} {C: tape noise} Uh inside a cherry what do you call the part that you don't eat?
312:  Pit.
Interviewer:  How about inside a peach?
312:  That's a pit too.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh what kind of peach
312:  A stone.
Interviewer:  Alright. {X} Which has which? {C: tape noise}
312:  Well a cherry stone I believe and a peach pit.
Interviewer:  Okay. Is that what you would say?
312:  Yes I {X} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh what kind of {C: tape noise} What kind of peach is it uh What do you call a kind of peach where the flesh of the fruit is tight against the stone?
312:  That's a cling stone
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
312:  #2 Peach. {C: very softly} #
Interviewer:  And how about the kind a'
312:  That's a uh uh uh Uh Oh I know {X} {C: whispering} Uh Oh dear {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  It's alright. {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh cling stone and Oh dear that's so familiar. Give me a clue.
Interviewer:  Well there's several names for it.
312:  #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 I don't want to suggest any one. #
312:  {C: tape noise} I know it. {C: tape noise} Cling and {C: tape noise} Oh dear {C: laughing} My brain's gone again. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay would you- have you ever heard of a clear seed {C: tape noise} Free stone?
312:  Free stone is the word.
Interviewer:  Alright.
312:  That's the one I know.
Interviewer:  Alright uh After you've eaten an apple the part that's left is the
312:  core
Interviewer:  When you cut up apples or sometimes peaches and dry them you're making
312:  Uh dried fruit.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard 'em called snitz?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. What are the kind of nuts you pull up out a' the ground and roast?
312:  Oh peanuts.
Interviewer:  Any other names?
312:  Goobers. {NW}
Interviewer:  Anything else?
312:  No that's all I know. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard 'em called ground peas?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  {X}
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. What is another Name some other kinds of nuts for me.
312:  Pecans walnuts almonds
Interviewer:  Okay that's fine. {NW} Uh Well here it says the two kinds of nuts usually used in how do you say pralines? Or
312:  Pralines I say.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise} I knew they use pecans but what else do they use?
312:  Well they can use an- you can use pralines or {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  #1 Uh oh okay. #
312:  #2 English walnuts. #
Interviewer:  #1 English walnuts. #
312:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  What are English walnuts?
312:  English walnuts are the ones that uh have a uh you see them at Christmas time all the time {X} white uh light color uh shell {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  #1 They're lighter colored like American walnuts? #
312:  #2 {X} # Yes. And they are not as heavy a shell. You can crack 'em with a- with a nut. With a cracker. Nut cracker. Uh th- they're the ones that you- the English walnut I mean the American walnut you'd have to crack with a hammer. They're too thick and hard
Interviewer:  #1 Oh #
312:  #2 to cracked with a- with a # cra- nut cracker. These are that you see in the stores all the time #1 Okay #
Interviewer:  #2 that light #
312:  color. #1 ones. #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. #
312:  They're English walnuts.
Interviewer:  Alright what do you call a kind of fruit {C: tape noise} but it's with a thick skin like a lemon? It's a citrus fruit.
312:  A tangerine? Or
Interviewer:  Just like a tangerine. Same color.
312:  Uh I don't know.
Interviewer:  Well what color is a tangerine?
312:  It's a orange
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. That's the fruit. #
312:  #2 color. # Oh co- oh that's what you just oh now I was thinking of something unusual
Interviewer:  #1 Oh yeah. #
312:  #2 I {C: laughing} #
Interviewer:  From now on I'm just gonna ask what color is a tangerine.
312:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Easy to
312:  It's unusual. I was thinking of something unusual.
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah like a pomegranate or s- {NW} #
312:  #2 Orange is {X} yes {NW} #
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  Orange is very usual.
Interviewer:  Okay if there's a bowl of oranges standing somewhere standing somewhere and one day you go to get one and there aren't any left you say the oranges are
312:  Are- are gone.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh What do you call the little red vegetables that they they're roots. And they're kind of peppery. They're kind of hot. They're red on the outside and white on the inside.
312:  {NW} Peppers? No?
Interviewer:  No they're uh
312:  Red on the outside and white on the inside.
Interviewer:  They're- you cut 'em up and use 'em in salads sometimes. Not- you don't use a whole lot of 'em. Cause they're kinda hot.
312:  I don't know. I can't think.
Interviewer:  {NW} They begin with R. {C: tape noise}
312:  Hmm. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Let- let me think. {C: tape noise} When they're cut into a salad they're usually little slices about this big. And they're white with a red- the red skin. And they're hot. Okay radishes?
312:  Oh of course. {NW} {X} I use 'em all the time.
Interviewer:  Do you?
312:  Yes. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Okay would you say it
312:  Radish.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 {NS} #
Interviewer:  Alright what do you call the round red things that grow on leafy plants staked up in the garden?
312:  Tomatoes.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What do you call
312:  We always well I call them tomatoes {C: pronunciation}. I have trained myself to say tomatoes. I was trai- I was raised up to say tomatoes {C: pronunciation}
Interviewer:  You were?
312:  I was.
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  #1 But {X} everybody said it #
Interviewer:  #2 Who taught you to say it #
312:  {X} I think this uncle that was in the navy is the one that started {C: tape noise} us all and said we must say tomato [C: pronunciation}
Interviewer:  #1 Oh {NW} #
312:  #2 and so we did. # And then- but I have had to get out of it because nobody does.
Interviewer:  #1 That's true. That's true. #
312:  #2 {X} {C: laughing} # Say tomatoes now. {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright what do you call uh the little ones?
312:  #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 They're about that big. #
312:  I don't uh uh I've got some in the refrigerator right now. Um cherry tomatoes.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard those called tommy toes?
312:  No. Well I've heard of tommy toes but I never heard 'em- in reference to I've heard tommy toes as sort of a fun {C: tape noise} name for a tomato.
Interviewer:  #1 But they didn't mean specifically {X} #
312:  #2 But but not the- # Not those. No.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Tommy toes. Alright uh along with a steak you might have a baked
312:  potato.
Interviewer:  He didn't tell you to say potato {C: pronunciation} too did you?
312:  #1 No. No we didn't. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  Well there are new potatoes and uh Idaho potatoes
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise}
312:  And I don't- let's white pota- I don't know what else. That would be the only ones that I could think of.
Interviewer:  Alright, what about the ones that are yellow?
312:  Yellow.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm or orange.
312:  I don't know any like that #1 except the new potatoes. #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh. # No these are not they're related to potatoes. They're yellow-ish
312:  Oh uh You're not talking about carrots? {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Sweet potatoes?
312:  Oh sweet potatoes. Of course. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What's the other word for those? {C: tape noise} Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise}
312:  I think there is a difference but I'm not I don't know exactly #1 what it is. #
Interviewer:  #2 Cuz you don't eat either of 'em. #
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Me neither.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What do you call something with a strong odor? When you cut it it makes your eyes water.
312:  Oh onion.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} What about the little uh fresh onions that you eat the stalks?
312:  Uh scallions and uh {X} um spring onions we call those little ones when they come up early in the {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call the vegetable- it's kind of kinda- it's green. It's kinda slimy and they use it in New Orleans all the time to make gumbo and stuff.
312:  Oh okra. I love that.
Interviewer:  {NW} Okay. How do you make it? Do you fry it or
312:  I- I- no I just boil it.
Interviewer:  Boiled? Really?
312:  Yes I love it.
Interviewer:  Alright if you leave an apple or a plum around it will dry up and
312:  And uh spoil.
Interviewer:  Well what does it do? What does the skin do? It gets {C: tape noise} Begins with sh {C: tape noise}
312:  Shrink? No?
Interviewer:  It's like {C: tape noise}
312:  Yes. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  What is the the kind of vegetable- it's not lettuce but it comes in a big {C: tape noise} pot by hand {C: tape noise} do what to them?
312:  Um shell 'em.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Alright what do you call the large uh yellowish or green {C: tape noise} beans?
312:  Butter beans lima beans {C: tape noise} We call 'em white beans. And uh white string beans. I mean you wouldn't um or string beans. They're the same thing.
Interviewer:  Okay. And butter beans {C: tape noise} Okay. What k- what do you call the kind of beans that you eat pod and all? {C: tape noise}
312:  #1 I don't know. #
Interviewer:  #2 They're long. #
312:  I don't eat that kind.
Interviewer:  And they're cut up.
312:  No I don't know that.
Interviewer:  Green beans?
312:  {X} Oh of course {NW}
Interviewer:  Snap beans?
312:  Snap beans.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 Yes. #
Interviewer:  #1 I probably didn't describe it very well. #
312:  #2 {NW} {X} # Snap beans of course.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} and cook them up and make a mess of
312:  turnip greens.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Do you use any other kind of greens besides
312:  #1 Oh yes there's #
Interviewer:  #2 turnip {X} #
312:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 {C: tape noise} #
312:  and uh kale I love {C: tape noise} spinach. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What else is there? {C: tape noise} Do you know what poke salad is? {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh y- uh yes.
Interviewer:  What is it?
312:  I don't- I'm not sure. I've- I've never eaten it. But the the country people get it and they call it poke sallet. Sallet.
Interviewer:  Sallet?
312:  {NW} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  If you have two bunches of lettuce or cabbage you say you have two {C: tape noise}
312:  heads. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  {X} Have you ever used heads to talk about children? Like she's got three heads? {C: tape noise}
312:  Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh do you ever use the word passel?
312:  Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  Like a whole passel of kids?
312:  I've heard that but I wouldn't use it.
Interviewer:  What exactly does passel mean to you?
312:  Well it means uh uh uh whole have- uh family. They had a lot of children. They'd have a passel of children. But that would- that is uh something that country people or negroes would {C: tape noise} use or colored It wouldn't be used by the best families.
Interviewer:  I see. Okay. Uh what do you call uh the outside of an ear of corn?
312:  The uh the uh shuck.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh and what do you call the the- the little top of the corn stalk?
312:  The tassel.
Interviewer:  Yeah. And what is the kind of corn that you eat on the cob?
312:  White corn. We do. And all the- all all the yellow uh sweet corn.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
312:  #2 Yellow. # Yeah that's it.
Interviewer:  Alright uh {C: tape noise} other kinds of corn besides the ones you eat {C: tape noise}
312:  corn that they use for the cattle.
Interviewer:  Oh yeah.
312:  That kind. And that's uh the white corn is that bu- but you eat it when it's very new and fresh and and tender and then the calves have it later when it gets hard.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
312:  #2 you see? {C: laughing} #
Interviewer:  Is that why it's sometimes called mutton corn?
312:  I never heard it.
Interviewer:  You haven't heard that?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Have you heard of green corn? {C: tape noise}
312:  Well no
Interviewer:  Because that would just be unripe.
312:  Green corn would be I suppose corn that was very tender and new and {C: tape noise} would be for eating. As far as I know. I don't know. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh what do you call the stringy stuff that you have to pull out of the corn?
312:  Uh uh {C: tape noise} Silk.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What do you call the large round fruit that you make a jack o' lantern out of at Halloween?
312:  Pumpkin.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What do you call the kind a' small yellow {X} vegetable?
312:  A squash.
Interviewer:  Uh is there a name {C: tape noise} Alright. What kinds of melons are there? {C: tape noise}
312:  Watermelon {C: tape noise} mush musk melons {C: tape noise} and uh {C: tape noise} One of these big round uh {C: tape noise} I can't think {X} I don't like those {C: tape noise} light colored {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  #1 Honeydew? #
312:  #2 Uh # Honeydew. Yes.
Interviewer:  What is a musk melon?
312:  {C: tape noise} It's like a cantaloupe only I don't think it's as good as a cantaloupe. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  same color?
312:  Yes. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What do you call the little thing {C: tape noise} shaped like an umbrella. {C: tape noise} {X}
312:  Oh mushroom. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  The poisonous ones.
312:  Oh. toadstool {C: phone ringing} {NS} {X} Yeah. Well I'll come back {X} in a little while. Thank you. Thank you so much. {NS} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay uh If a man {C: tape noise} he couldn't eat that piece of meat because he couldn't
312:  swallow.
Interviewer:  What?
312:  Swallow the meat.
Interviewer:  Or uh
312:  {X} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Well he couldn't eat that piece a' meat because he couldn't swallow it.
312:  Swallow it.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 Yes {C: laughing} # {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh What do you- what are the {C: tape noise}
312:  Cigarettes. {NS} cigars.
Interviewer:  Right.
312:  Pipe.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} Uh {C: tape noise} When I ask you if you can do something and you know that you're not able to do it I- I'll say Can you? And you say
312:  #1 No #
Interviewer:  #2 No #
312:  I cannot.
Interviewer:  Or That's a little formal isn't it?
312:  {NW} I will not.
Interviewer:  Or- or just can't?
312:  I just can't.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} {NS} {C: tape noise} A boy got a whipping. You might say I bet he did something {C: tape noise} If you wanna refuse to do something in a very strong way you say no matter how many times you ask me to do that I
312:  I will not do it.
Interviewer:  Or shorter?
312:  I will- I won't.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh suggesting the possibility of being able to do something you say I'm not sure but I
312:  will try. Oh
Interviewer:  #1 Okay #
312:  #2 Uh #
Interviewer:  I want you to say it a different way. {C: laughing}
312:  I'm not sure. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  But I might
312:  I might {C: tape noise} do it. I might {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  You need another word in there.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  You say well I'm not sure but I might
312:  try.
Interviewer:  Mm would you say I mi- but I might could do it?
312:  No I wouldn't say that.
Interviewer:  But I might be able to do it.
312:  I might be able to do it.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  I would say that.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call the kind of bird that can see in the dark?
312:  Oh a owl.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And what're- what's the kind with the really high pitched voice?
312:  Oh a hoot owl.
Interviewer:  No he's got the low voice I think.
312:  Oh.
Interviewer:  This is one that has a an obnoxious voice {X}
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  {X} shrill.
312:  Hoot owl and a {C: tape noise} Mm I don't know. I can't think of it.
Interviewer:  Screech owl?
312:  Screech owl of course.
Interviewer:  Okay. Okay. What do you call a kind of bird that drills holes in trees?
312:  Uh woodpecker.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Ever heard of 'em called anything else?
312:  Red headed wood pecker.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What about a black and white animal with a powerful smell?
312:  Oh that's a skunk.
Interviewer:  Ever heard 'em called a {X} cat?
312:  Oh yes. Or {D: sashay} kitten. {NW}
Interviewer:  Is that something your family used to call 'em?
312:  Well that's what I've heard. Always all my life {C: laughing} I've heard 'em called {D: sashay} kittens.
Interviewer:  That's real cute.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What is a general term for animals that you just don't want around? {C: tape noise} I'm gonna get a gun and get rid of those {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh I can't think. I know but it just doesn't come to me.
Interviewer:  Alright. Varmints?
312:  Varmints. Yes that's a good word for it.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} little
312:  #1 Oh squirrel. #
Interviewer:  #2 animal. # Mm-hmm. Are there are there- are there different {C: tape noise}
312:  ground squirrel and a flying squirrel.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} Have you ever heard of a squirrel called a boomer?
312:  Mm-mm.
Interviewer:  Or a mountain boomer?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh {NW} What do you call the little animal that's sort of like a squirrel but it doesn't climb trees?
312:  Oh it's a {C: tape noise} pest. They are uh {NW} got little stripes down the back.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  We had- they were pests when I {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} {X} brain's gone again. Uh {NW} {NW} {D: dear}
Interviewer:  Chipmunk?
312:  Chipmunk. Of course.
Interviewer:  Okay. #1 Okay. That's alright. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Uh {C: tape noise}
312:  Well there's trout and uh catfish {C: tape noise} and uh I think there's some called brim. I'm not familiar with fish. I don't fish. #1 I never did like to fish. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # {NW}
312:  But I'm- that's about all as far as I can go on that.
Interviewer:  Alright. What do you call the little uh seawater thing that {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh oysters. {C: tape noise} Frog. {C: tape noise} Uh toad.
Interviewer:  Okay. Ever heard 'em called {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh yeah. Bullfrog.
Interviewer:  Alright. {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} Can you think of other kinds of frogs? The little tiny ones that
312:  Little tree frogs and uh {X} there's something else. {NW} I can't think {X}
Interviewer:  Peepers?
312:  I think I have heard of peepers.
Interviewer:  Or
312:  I'm not quite familiar with those.
Interviewer:  Spring frog?
312:  No. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of {X} try this. Pickering's {X} #1 or something like #
312:  #2 No. # {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call the little thing- you don't fish but the little things you dig out a' the ground to go fishing
312:  Uh worms.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Are there different kinds of worms?
312:  Well I'm {C: tape noise} and uh uh {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What is the hard shelled thing that pulls in {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh uh uh turtle. {C: tape noise} Uh uh {C: tape noise} porpoise. {C: tape noise} Uh {NW}
Interviewer:  That's close.
312:  {NW} No it's uh uh uh tort- tor- tortoise.
Interviewer:  Right.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard 'em called a terrapin?
312:  Yes. I have. Terrapin is another name for them.
Interviewer:  Okay. Have you ever heard uh a turtle that that burrows into the ground. Have you ever heard 'em called a gopher?
312:  No. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What do you call the little thing that you find in a creek when you turn over a rock?
312:  Um
Interviewer:  It swims backwards {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh I know. Crab?
Interviewer:  It's like a crab but it's not quite- it's longer. {C: tape noise} It's got kind of a long tail. {C: tape noise}
312:  I don't know. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Crawfish or
312:  #1 Crawfish yeah. #
312:  #2 Cray? Would you #
Interviewer:  say that?
312:  I'd say crawfish.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} small fan {C: tape noise} sea animals that you eat in a cocktail or fried?
312:  Oh shrimp.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} If you were gonna say uh How would you say I have a dozen
312:  shrimp.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call the insect that uh like a butterfly but it flies around at night near light?
312:  Uh Uh m- moth.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And uh {C: tape noise}
312:  #1 That'd be #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  clothes moths.
Interviewer:  Alright. Are there any other kinds of moth? That you can think of?
312:  I don't know. Can't think of any of 'em. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright. What about the insect that flies around at night with a- and he lights up? {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh light- well I would call 'em a lightning bug. That's what we always
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 called 'em. # Fireflies is another name. But the lightning bug is what is {NW} really what as a child that's what we called them.
Interviewer:  Okay then that's what
312:  #1 My husband called them fireflies. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Well he was {D: a doctor}.
312:  {NW} He came another part a' the country.
Interviewer:  True.
312:  {NW} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay uh uh where did your husband come from?
312:  He came- he was born in Canada and lived in New York most of his life. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay and {X}
312:  born in Halifax Nova Scotia.
Interviewer:  Halifax?
312:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And his religion was presbyterian too? Or
312:  Well he was a baptist but he became a presbyterian when he married me.
Interviewer:  Oh how nice.
312:  {NW} His father was a baptist minister. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh. # And he um you say he got his M-D from Columbia right?
312:  No Well he was not an M-D. He was a P-H-D.
Interviewer:  Oh I'm sorry.
312:  He- he taught in the medical school though for many years but he was a P-H-D from Vanderbilt. He got his- he taught in Columbia before he came to Nashville at Columbia. But he uh got his degree- first degree at university of Connecticut and then his second degree at the university of Massachusetts.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  And then got his P-H-D in- at Vanderbilt.
Interviewer:  Well what's his connection with Columbia then? He just {C: tape noise}
312:  #1 before he came to Nashville. Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. Before he had his P-H-D. #
312:  Yes. Just before.
Interviewer:  And what- what was his P-H-D in?
312:  Uh bacteriology.
Interviewer:  I see.
312:  That was his subject. Bacteriology. {C: tape noise} used to be {X} {D: P-H-} before they had to be a- M-Ds because they were very scarce. Bacteriologists and immunologists were scarce. He always said scarce {X}
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  And so he was uh he was a P-H-D in it.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise}
312:  But he did teach in the medical school for twenty-eight years.
Interviewer:  Twenty-eight years.
312:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: whispering} Uh what do you call an insect that has a long body {C: tape noise} two pairs of shiny wings {C: tape noise} it's about {C: tape noise} long thin body. Looks like a needle.
312:  Oh dear.
Interviewer:  They usually hover around uh damp places. {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh uh uh {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  They look uh {NS} {C: tape noise}
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {X} Oh well. They're about this long and they've got #1 like that #
312:  #2 Oh fire- # Uh no- uh Oh I know what they are. I can't think uh what they're called. {C: tape noise} Uh {NS} I don't know. I can't remember the name of it but I know what you're talking about.
Interviewer:  Dragonfly?
312:  Dragon- dragonflies. Yes.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard people call them snake {X}
312:  No. No. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Some people think that um when you find a dragonfly it's flying around somewhere that there's a snake nearby.
312:  #1 No. I- I- #
Interviewer:  #2 Have you ever heard that story? #
312:  No I didn't hear- I haven't heard that.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} What are the different kinds of insects that sting?
312:  Well there's mosquitoes. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Those yeah.
312:  They're the most {C: tape noise} They- well they just- you get those {C: tape noise} They're very small. {C: tape noise} Mosquitoes.
Interviewer:  Well there's a whole group that you haven't touched yet. They make honey?
312:  Oh bees and- and wasps.
Interviewer:  And? {NS} What are the- {C: tape noise} they're the kind that's really nasty. They {X}
312:  #1 Hornets. #
Interviewer:  #2 they- # I'm sorry?
312:  Hornets? {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  And one more kind. It's {C: tape noise} same color as a bee only it's long and thin. And it's really worse than a bee. It- its nest is in the ground.
312:  Well hornets nests in the
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. It's like that. #
312:  #2 ground too. #
Interviewer:  But this one's yellow and black.
312:  Uh {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} green ones that hop around? {C: tape noise} Some are green and some are brown. {C: tape noise} Well they hop in the grass. {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh oh oh uh I know what you're talking about. Uh {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  name of those little green things that
312:  Grasshopper.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NW} What are the small fish used for bait?
312:  Uh minnows.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard 'em called shiners?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Alright. What is the little bug with eight legs?
312:  Oh uh uh uh thousand leg
Interviewer:  No no this one just has eight.
312:  Oh eight. I don't know.
Interviewer:  He uh spins a
312:  Oh uh s- spider.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and
312:  Well spins a web.
Interviewer:  Yes.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} The part of the tree underneath {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} kind of tree that you tap for syrup?
312:  A ma- maple tree. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  It's very very tough wood. It- it- the bark is white I think.
312:  {C: tape noise} place that one. {C: tape noise} Other description?
Interviewer:  I can't think of any other thing to say. Alright sycamore?
312:  Yes. Oh yes.
Interviewer:  Is that
312:  Familiar with that. Yes. I'm not sure about the bark doing that {C: tape noise} and it has balls on it. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Right yeah. Alright what are some other trees? #1 What are some trees in this area? #
312:  #2 {X} # Hackberry is one. It has little little red berries. Tiny little red berries that birds love them.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
312:  Hackberry tree.
Interviewer:  #1 Do people eat hackberries? #
312:  #2 That's quite # No.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  No. They're too small and too hard. Uh hackberry and uh maple and oak {C: tape noise} good wood {C: tape noise} termites {C: tape noise} because they- they have poplar wood. {C: tape noise} They don't like poplar wood.
Interviewer:  Are poplars those {C: tape noise}
312:  No they are uh {C: tape noise} they are {C: tape noise} I know what you're talking about. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  #1 I don't know. #
312:  #2 Silver uh # Po- well it is a- that is a poplar. That is another form of poplar.
Interviewer:  Oh okay.
312:  But it's not the uh {C: tape noise} The kind that I'm speaking of they have this tulip poplars {C: tape noise} hermitage {C: tape noise} out there and that is the tree that they {C: tape noise} use for the wood in houses.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 It # has beautiful tulip bloom on it that is uh I don't we- yellow and red. It's a
Interviewer:  #1 Ah. #
312:  #2 lovely bloom. #
Interviewer:  #1 And they look like tulips but #
312:  #2 {X} # #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  Yes. {C: tape noise} Those cherry trees. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What is a shrub {C: tape noise} whose leaves become very red in the fall and it's poisonous kind of? {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh I can't {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Sometimes it's used in tanning {C: tape noise}
312:  I know what you're {C: tape noise} Sumac. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh {C: tape noise} kind a' poisonous thing that uh makes your skin break out when you brush against it?
312:  Poison ivy.
Interviewer:  Yes. Uh are there any different kinds of that that you know of?
312:  There's a poison oak. I'm not sure what the difference is but there's a poison oak and a poison ivy.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 They're horrible things. #
Interviewer:  They are. {C: tape noise} Wh- alright what are some You tell me- told me about the hackberries. What are some other kind a' berries that grow around here that people eat?
312:  Oh blackberries raspberries {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  People eat with uh sugar and cream?
312:  Strawberries. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Some berries that grow in the woods are {C: tape noise} not good to eat. If they could kill you {C: tape noise} then you'd say they're very
312:  poisonous
Interviewer:  Alright what is a tall bush {C: tape noise} pink and white flowers that grows out {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh {C: tape noise} azalea.
Interviewer:  Alright it looks kind of like an azalea but it's {C: tape noise}
312:  There's another name. I can't think of it right now.
Interviewer:  Mountain laurel?
312:  Yes. Mountain laurel.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard it called spoon wood? {C: tape noise} Okay. What are the uh These- okay these are like mountain laurels but they grow higher up in the mountains and {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh uh {C: tape noise} {NW} Grow up on the mountains. They're beautiful things. {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  #1 Rho- #
312:  #2 Uh # Rhododendron.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And what is the tree that's I think it's only in the south. It's got big flat shiny leaves {C: tape noise} big white flowers.
312:  Oh. {C: tape noise} I know that one too. {NW} {NW} My brain just goes completely. Uh uh I had one in my yard.
Interviewer:  {NW} Begins with M. {C: tape noise} Mag- {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh magnolia.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 I was thinking # about something else.
Interviewer:  Oh were you?
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Ah.
312:  Magnolia.
Interviewer:  I don't know what it {X}
312:  Well I know there's another another tree that has {C: tape noise} flowers in- in uh not in a single flower but in a uh cluster of flowers. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh what do you call a woman who's lost her husband?
312:  She's a widow.
Interviewer:  Okay. How about {X} expression for a- a woman whose husband has left her? {C: tape noise} Have you ever heard {C: tape noise}
312:  Grass widows and sod widows.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise} What's the difference?
312:  Well a sod widow is a widow whose husband has died
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
312:  #2 And a grass widow # Yes. And the grass widow is a widow {NW} well divorced so {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  S-O-D
312:  #1 S-O-D. #
Interviewer:  #2 sod? #
312:  Sod widow. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh What did you call your father when you were little?
312:  I called him {C: tape noise} papa when I was very small {C: tape noise} and then I'd call him daddy. {NS} yes
Interviewer:  And your mother?
312:  I called her mama. {NS}
Interviewer:  The whole time?
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Alright. Your father and mother together are your
312:  parents.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: whispering} {C: tape noise} grandfather? Either grandfather?
312:  Well I didn't know my grandfathers. I had my grandmother. I did- adored my gran- When I was a small child I called her die but why I do not know.
Interviewer:  Oh
312:  But later I called her grandmother.
Interviewer:  {NW} Did you know your other grandmother?
312:  No. I didn't. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Your sons and daughters together are called your
312:  children. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Do you have any pet names for children? You might say oh he's such a cute little
312:  Little fellow.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: whispering} Or for a little girl?
312:  Uh a little- cute little {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What do you uh {C: tape noise}
312:  Pram. {NW} And I wouldn't {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  That's uh a pram is something it is called now but it was a baby buggy when I was young.
Interviewer:  Alright when you have a baby in the carriage and you're outside you say you are
312:  pushing the uh uh rolling the baby. Rolling the baby.
Interviewer:  Rolling the baby?
312:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh Say you have uh three boys One's twenty {C: tape noise} {X} You- you say well the twenty year old is the? {C: tape noise} Compared to the two younger he's the
312:  He's {C: tape noise} I don't know.
Interviewer:  He's my
312:  Son? Uh my {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  He's your
312:  oldest son.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Besides saying older or oldest you might speak of him as- in terms of being grown up
312:  #1 Yes. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  As {C: tape noise} Uh
Interviewer:  Alright uh I'll put it to you a different way. You might say Jim is grown up but of all the boys Tom is the {C: tape noise}
312:  elder.
Interviewer:  No u- but using grown up.
312:  Oh.
Interviewer:  Jim is grown up but of all the boys Tom is the
312:  I don't know. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Most grown up? {C: tape noise}
312:  No not that.
Interviewer:  You wouldn't say he's the most grown up either?
312:  Well maybe.
Interviewer:  Okay. You probably wouldn't even put it that way.
312:  No I don't think I would.
Interviewer:  Alright. {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} You have two children one of each sex. One is your son and the other's your {C: tape noise}
312:  daughter.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh your children You have what again? What of each sex? One's a boy and the other's a
312:  girl.
Interviewer:  Okay. If a woman is going to have a child you say she's
312:  pregnant.
Interviewer:  Would you {C: tape noise}
312:  In my Uh in the older days you would have said she was {C: tape noise} expecting. {NW} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  other expressions like that? Either polite or {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh well expecting was the we- main thing that you never spoke of being pregnant. That would not be used at all but of course now that's accepted. Uh That's the only thing I know of.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard any expressions involving {C: tape noise} leg or breaking your {C: tape noise} woman you might send for is a
312:  midwife. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Have you heard any other names for that?
312:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 Older names maybe. #
312:  N- I don't know any. {C: tape noise} No. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  you say that the boy {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh looks like his father.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} Supposing he has the mannerisms and the behavior of his father you might say he
312:  Well I wouldn't say favors. That is one word for it but I wouldn't say that.
Interviewer:  Would you say he takes after his
312:  He takes after his father yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. If a mother has looked after three children 'un- until they're grown up you say she has
312:  #1 raised them. #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: Would y-} # Mm-hmm. Have you heard reared? {C: tape noise}
312:  Yes that's another one. Say
Interviewer:  #1 Brought up? #
312:  #2 You say # Mm brought up.
Interviewer:  Okay. To a naughty child you say if you're not careful you're gonna get a
312:  whipping. {C: tape noise} Spanking. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  If Bob is five inches taller this year you say Bob {C: tape noise}
312:  has grown.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} A child that's born to an unmarried woman is a {C: tape noise}
312:  Well I should say bastard would be the old name for it. I don't know {C: laughing} {X}
Interviewer:  How would you put it if you were trying to be polite if
312:  #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 it came up. #
312:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
312:  Well {C: tape noise} I don't- I don't know. {NW} I would {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Have you heard any names used # by blacks maybe or poor
312:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 whites? #
312:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # Okay. Your brother's son is your
312:  My uh nephew.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} who's lost both its father and mother {C: tape noise} A person appointed to look after an orphan is its
312:  guardian.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. If a woman gives a party and invites all the people that are related to her {C: tape noise} say she invited
312:  #1 her relatives. #
Interviewer:  #2 all her # Okay. And you might say well yeah she has the same family name and does look a bit like me but I'm actually
312:  not rel- not related or not kin to her.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh What is a common name- what is uh the name of Christ's mother?
312:  Uh uh {C: tape noise} virgin? {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Well what's her name?
312:  Mary.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What's the name of George Washington's wife?
312:  Uh Martha.
Interviewer:  Alright. What's the name of the girl in the song Wait till the sun shines {C: singing}
312:  Nellie.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 {C: tape noise} #
Interviewer:  boy named William beginning with B?
312:  Billy.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} Who wrote the first of the four gospels?
312:  Matthew.
Interviewer:  Okay oh you're quick on these.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What is a woman who con- what do you call a woman who conducts school?
312:  A teacher. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. Any old fashioned terms for {C: tape noise}
312:  School mistress.
Interviewer:  Ever heard schoolmarm?
312:  Schoolmarm {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh Do you know an expression {C: tape noise} preacher who's not really trained. He doesn't have a regular pulpit in a church. He preaches around {C: tape noise)
312:  Uh no no #1 that wouldn't be it. #
Interviewer:  #2 Well # He might not be a very {C: tape noise) And he might really make his trade doing something else but he {D: like} he rides around to different
312:  #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 cities. #
312:  Uh circuit uh well used to be the circuit rider.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard 'em called a jack leg preacher?
312:  No. I've heard jack leg carpenters.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW} I've never heard of a jack leg preacher.
Interviewer:  Have you heard of jack leg anything else besides carpenter?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Alright what is a jack leg carpenter?
312:  Well I'm not sure. {NW} I'm not sure what a jack leg carpenter is but I've heard of jack leg carpenters.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What relation would my mother's sister be to me? {C: tape noise) Okay. She'd be
312:  My my
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise) My mother's sister to me.
312:  She is my aunt.
Interviewer:  {X} We're talking about {C: tape noise)
312:  Oh your aunt.
Interviewer:  Right.
312:  {NW} {C: tape noise)
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise) Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise) Uh {C: tape noise) If you had an uncle named William you'd call him {C: tape noise) The commander of the army of northern Virginia was
312:  {NW} Robert E Lee. {NW}
Interviewer:  And what was {C: tape noise) Well he wasn't a sergeant. He was a
312:  colonel. Uh gen- general.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  General.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  #1 General Lee. #
Interviewer:  #2 Who was # I'm sorry?
312:  General Lee.
Interviewer:  Right. Who was the old gentleman who introduced Kentucky fried chicken?
312:  Colonel Sanders. {C: tape noise)
Interviewer:  What do they call a man in charge of a ship? {C: tape noise) Who is the man who presides over the court room?
312:  A judge.
Interviewer:  Alright. What do you call a person who goes to college to study?
312:  A student.
Interviewer:  Okay. How about someone in {C: tape noise) {X}
312:  Uh pupil.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise) Then {C: tape noise)
312:  And student would be the interchangeable I'd say.
Interviewer:  How about elementary school?
312:  Well it would still be uh pupil
Interviewer:  #1 Okay #
312:  #2 Uh #
Interviewer:  I was just wondering whether you drew a line between #1 pupil and student. #
312:  #2 No I don't think so. #
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise) Who What do you call a woman who works in an office typing and all that?
312:  A stenographer.
Interviewer:  Alright and what's the other word for that?
312:  Typist.
Interviewer:  A general word that incorporates both of those. She works for a man. Takes care of everything
312:  Oh a secretary.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} What- what do you call a woman who appears in plays or movies? {C: tape noise)
312:  An actress.
Interviewer:  Okay. What uh {C: tape noise) born in the U-S-A is called an
312:  A s- uh a citizen of the United States.
Interviewer:  Yes but we are what?
312:  Citizens.
Interviewer:  Well
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  More specifically. We're not Russian. We're
312:  Um uh s- American citizens.
Interviewer:  Yes. Okay. Uh {C: tape noise) {NS} {C: tape noise) What are some {C: tape noise) words for uh {C: tape noise) white people which you might have heard either by- used by negroes or used by white people? Would you just- would you call yourself white? Or caucasian or
312:  I ju- n- uh Well I'd ju- I'd say white.
Interviewer:  Okay. Have you heard any {C: tape noise) poor white people?
312:  #1 Well I've just heard of poor white people #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} in the country? #
312:  But that's all the poor whites.
Interviewer:  What would you call the poor whites who live in the country? Would you have another name or not? Like hillbillies or
312:  Hillbillies is one name. Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  #1 They're ones #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
312:  from the mountains.
Interviewer:  I'm sorry?
312:  The ones in the mount- from the mountains {X}
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call a child uh born of a raced- {C: tape noise) The child is half black and half white. {C: tape noise)
312:  Oh uh {C: tape noise) Hmm. I can't think.
Interviewer:  Mulatto?
312:  Mul- well yes. Mulatto
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise) Uh {C: tape noise) If it's not quite midnight and somebody asks you what time it is you might say well it's not quite midnight yet but it's
312:  Nearly so.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh You slip and catch yourself. You say this is a dangerous place. I
312:  I slipped. I uh nearly
Interviewer:  I didn't fall {C: tape noise) Okay. {NW} If someone is waiting for you to get ready so that you can go out and he calls to you and says hey will you be ready soon? You might answer I'll be with you in
312:  in a few minutes.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise) You know you're on the right road to a place uh say to Chattanooga
312:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  but you're not sure of the distance. You might stop and ask somebody how
312:  far is it to Chattanooga?
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: whispering} If you're pointing out something {C: tape noise)
312:  Something over there
Interviewer:  #1 Alright #
312:  #2 Uh #
Interviewer:  an exclamation. Say it's happening really fast. Look {X}
312:  Look there.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 {X} # Look there. {C: tape noise)
Interviewer:  If you wanna know how many times {C: tape noise) something happens you ask how o- {C: tape noise)
312:  How often?
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: very softly} Uh you agree with a friend when he says I'm not going to do that or I'm not going to vote for that guy. You say well {C: tape noise)
312:  I wo- I'm not either. {C: tape noise)
Interviewer:  Okay. And what's another way of saying that?
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  With neither? I'm not gonna vote for him. Well neither
312:  Neither am I.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call this part of your head?
312:  Forehead.
Interviewer:  {D: Say again?}
312:  Forehead. {C: tape noise) {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh this is?
312:  Hair. {C: tape noise) {NW} {C: tape noise) beard.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  This one in particular is #1 {X} #
312:  #2 Uh sideburn. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 {C: tape noise) #
Interviewer:  #1 N- n- no but #
312:  #2 Oh # {NW} Oh uh lobe.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
312:  #2 {X} # Uh ear lobe. Oh ear.
Interviewer:  Okay right.
312:  {D: Yeah.}
Interviewer:  And which one is that?
312:  That's the right You mean
Interviewer:  Yeah. Either of 'em. I want you to say both of 'em.
312:  Right and left.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay say 'em with the word ear #
312:  #2 Ear. # Uh left ear and {C: tape noise) ear.
Interviewer:  Thank you. That one's hard {C: tape noise) Uh {C: tape noise) Take that chewing gum out of your {C: tape noise)
312:  mouth. {C: tape noise)
Interviewer:  He says ah I'm gonna have to fill that {C: tape noise)
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What is the part above the teeth? {C: tape noise)
312:  Gum.
Interviewer:  Alright. {C: tape noise)
312:  Hand.
Interviewer:  In this part?
312:  In your palm of your hand. {C: tape noise)
Interviewer:  Uh he got mad and doubled up both
312:  fists.
Interviewer:  Okay. And he shook {C: tape noise)
312:  fists.
Interviewer:  Alright. {C: tape noise) What do you call a place where you can bend?
312:  Elbow.
Interviewer:  Or anywhere.
312:  Anywhere. Uh uh {C: tape noise) Um. {C: tape noise)
Interviewer:  Sometimes you're- you get a little stiff in the
312:  joint.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. {C: tape noise} Uh the upper part of a man's body is his
312:  chest. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  And uh he has broad
312:  shoulders. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh they measure the height of a horse in
312:  in uh {C: tape noise} Mm {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Well
312:  Span?
Interviewer:  Well this is your
312:  hands. Hand.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {X} That's right.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  #1 So many #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh #
312:  hands high. That's right.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh This part of your body is
312:  your leg. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  At the end of your leg is your
312:  ankle. {C: tape noise} Foot.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And you have two.
312:  Two feet.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh if I got up and stumbled over this and hurt myself right here
312:  Shin.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} the back part of {C: tape noise} if- if you're squatting down you say I'm down on my
312:  haunches.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Somebody's been sick for a while. He's up and about now but he still looks a bit
312:  weak.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Have you ever heard of peaked?
312:  Yes I have.
Interviewer:  #1 Is that how it's pronounced? #
312:  #2 Peaked. # Peaked. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What do you call a person who can lift heavy w- lift heavy weights?
312:  He's strong. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Would you ever use stout?
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay would you ever use stout in describing butter that got rancid? {C: tape noise}
312:  Well it could be. Yes.
Interviewer:  Have you ever used it?
312:  I don't know that I ever have. No.
Interviewer:  Okay. What do you call someone {C: tape noise} uh who's easy to get along with? {X} I like her. She's very {C: tape noise} She never loses her temper.
312:  Temper. No. She never loses her temper and she's easy to get along with.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. You'd just say it like that?
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Would you call her good natured?
312:  Yes. Very good natured.
Interviewer:  {NW} When a boy is in his teens and he's growing up really fast and he's like all {C: tape noise} can't walk or move not stumbling over something {NW} you would- you might describe him as being very {C: tape noise}
312:  awkward.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Okay. Uh what do you call a person he keeps on doing things that don't make any sense. You say he's a plain
312:  I don't know. {C: very softly} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Fool?
312:  Fool. Well that would be You could {C: laughing} say that.
Interviewer:  Did the word fool ever used to be a word that wasn't nice to say?
312:  I don't know that it was. No I don't think so. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh what do you call a person who never spent a cent?
312:  Stingy.
Interviewer:  Yeah. You ever call 'em a tightwad?
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay. When you use the word common about a- if you ever describe somebody as
312:  #1 being common #
Interviewer:  #2 being common # What does that mean?
312:  Well that means {C: tape noise} uh do not know how to Well they're {NW} They're just common. {NW} They are {NW} uncouth.
Interviewer:  Okay. Maybe ill bred?
312:  Ill bred and uncouth.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Don't know how to do the proper thing.
Interviewer:  Alright. If an old man is still very strong and active and doesn't show his age you might say he's {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh {C: tape noise} Mm. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Oh there's lot- there's lots of words. There's no one word. {C: tape noise} Would you just say he's quite active?
312:  Active.
Interviewer:  #1 Lively? #
312:  #2 Yes. I would say # active.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} {X} You might say I don't wanna go upstairs in the dark. I'm
312:  afraid.
Interviewer:  Okay any other words? That mean afraid?
312:  Uh {C: whispering} Mm I don't know. {C: very softly}
Interviewer:  Scared?
312:  Scared yes. Scared would {C: tape noise} be one.
Interviewer:  Alright you might say she isn't afraid now but she {C: tape noise}
312:  she was afraid.
Interviewer:  Or she used
312:  used to be afraid.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} Someone who leaves a lot of money on the table and the door unlocked is mighty
312:  foolish.
Interviewer:  #1 Alright what's another #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  word like foolish?
312:  {NW} Uh
Interviewer:  Another- alright for example you might say your son made too many mistakes in addition on an arithmetic test. You'd say those What kind a' mistakes are those? Those are
312:  stupid. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright it's the opposite of careful.
312:  Uh careless.
Interviewer:  Okay. There's nothing really wrong with aunt Lizzie but {C: tape noise} she acts kind of
312:  queer.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Has the word queer changed meaning over the years?
312:  No I don't think so.
Interviewer:  Have you ever If somebody said he is a queer what would that mean
312:  Well that means That's a different {C: tape noise} meaning.
Interviewer:  What does that mean?
312:  He's- he's might be uh uh {C: tape noise} homosexual or something like that.
Interviewer:  But if you say somebody acts queer then it just means
312:  That's- means there's just something peculiar about it. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 {C: tape noise} #
Interviewer:  Is there any other way that you would use the word queer besides peculiar? {C: tape noise}
312:  Well
Interviewer:  Would you use it not to describe {C: tape noise}
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Alright if a man is very sure of his own ways and never wants to change you might say to him don't be so
312:  so stubborn.
Interviewer:  Okay. Would you ever say don't be so obstinate?
312:  Obstinate is another word. Yes.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise} ornery.
312:  Well ornery {C: tape noise} um I have heard that used. Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay. Somebody you can't joke with without him losing his temper you say is mighty {C: tape noise} {X} If he loses his temper when the least little thing goes wrong you'd say better be- watch out for him. He's awfully
312:  I know there's a word but I can't think of it. {C: tape noise} Mm no. {C: tape noise} Yes that's {C: tape noise} touchy.
Interviewer:  Testy?
312:  No not testy but touchy would be more likely for me.
Interviewer:  Okay. You might say that well I was just kidding him. I didn't know he'd get
312:  angry.
Interviewer:  Okay. If he's about to lose his temper again you say to him just
312:  calm down.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Uh If you've been working very hard and you- you wanna use a word that's even stronger than tired you'd say I'm just {C: tape noise}
312:  worn out.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh Okay that's- {D: that's fine.} If a person has been quite well for a long time and you hear that suddenly she has some disease you say last night she {C: tape noise} Uh got sick?
312:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard she took sick?
312:  No. No.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} person sat in a draft and began to cough you'd say he was
312:  coughing?
Interviewer:  Alright but he got alright uh with the word cold.
312:  Took cold.
Interviewer:  Okay. So you've heard took cold but not took sick.
312:  No. That's right.
Interviewer:  If it affected his voice you might say he's
312:  is hoarse.
Interviewer:  Hmm. {NS} Uh I'd better go to sleep. {C: tape noise}
312:  tired.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: whispering} And then at six o' clock I have to In the morning I have to
312:  Oh I have to get up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh If you can't hear anything at all you say you're stone de-
312:  deaf.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh If you began to sweat while you started to work by the time you finish you'd say he Let me put that a different way. That's awkward. You've been working hard. You take off your wet shirt and you say look how I've
312:  I've perspired. I would say
Interviewer:  #1 {X} to begin with. #
312:  #2 {NW} # No I wouldn't have said sweat in the beginning. {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What do you call um If you have a boil on your skin and drain it what's the stuff that comes out?
312:  Uh pus.
Interviewer:  Okay and what's the stuff that comes out of a blister?
312:  Uh {C: tape noise} Well it's clear
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  liquid. Uh
Interviewer:  Do you ever call it water?
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise} Okay. bigger than it oughta be you'd say my hand {C: tape noise}
312:  {X} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Yesterday a bee stung me and my hand
312:  is swollen.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise}
312:  swollen.
Interviewer:  Okay. In a war if a bullet {X} goes through somebody's arm you say he has a
312:  a wound.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What do you call If a wound doesn't heal exactly right it doesn't heal clean sometimes a white substance {X}
312:  Uh uh Oh festers?
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard it called some kind a' flesh?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  {X} flesh?
312:  I have heard that but it's not- it's not familiar to me but I have heard it.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  I've read it or something like that.
Interviewer:  Okay. Do you remember whether you heard it or read it uh by negroes or by whites?
312:  No I don't.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NW} If you've got a little cut in your finger {NS}
312:  {X} {C: phone conversation begins; 312's voice is distant and muffled} Yes? {C: tape noise} Oh yes yes I do. {C: tape noise} Oh not too long ago. And she's- she doesn't know what's {D: it's} going on. {C: tape noise} Uh-huh. Yeah. {C: tape noise} Yes. I know she doesn't. I don't think she does. No. She doesn't. She won't look at you {X} She did. Uh-huh well she doesn't know what's going on. {X} Yes. {NS} Yes. I see. Yes. Yes. {NS} Yes I know. Well she's gotten to the place where I- I don't think she knows me. She took hold of my hand one time not long ago. But that's the only time that she's done that. Mm-mm. No. Uh-huh well that's all. Yes. I don't believe she knows that- what's going on. I know it. It's awfully bad. I know. It's very bad. Well that's right. That's the way I feel about it. That she never Yes. Yes. They're awfully good to her. {X} Yeah. Oh yes it's {X} Yes {X} Uh-uh. Well let- I see. Well Well they {X} but it's- it's bad. Yes they do. Yes. Yes they do. {X} Uh-huh. Mm-hmm. Yes. I do. Yeah. Mm-hmm. Yeah. Mm-hmm. Well it Yes I know but she doesn't do that anymore. Yeah. {NS} Uh-uh. Yeah. {NS} No {X} Yeah. Yeah. Yes that's right. She doesn't know {X} Well that's alright. Glad you called. {C: tape noise} Well that's what I think about it. {X} It is bad yeah. It really would. Oh yes. Very much. Yeah. Well I'm glad you called. Yes I remember. Yeah. Alright. {X} You're welcome. Bye. {NS} Couldn't get away from her.
Interviewer:  {NW} She's one a' those huh? {NW} Okay. What do you call uh the brown kind a' stuff that you put on a cut in your finger?
312:  Salve.
Interviewer:  Okay. This is something in- specific. I don't know if they use it so much anymore. Uh has- usually- it's poison. It has a little skull and cross bones on the label. Comes in a little {D: bottle with a big) {C: tape noise} What about the stuff that was used sometimes uh for malaria fever? {C: tape noise}
312:  Um um um {C: tape noise} {X} {C: tape noise} {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  {NW} {NS} Quinine.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh {C: tape noise}
312:  My grandfather used to {C: tape noise} weigh it out for the servants and all the children in the family every morning. I had a little scare.
Interviewer:  Oh you had to take it every day?
312:  I didn't.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  But this was my mother
Interviewer:  Oh okay.
312:  and her family and the chi- all the blacks and whites on the place. That was back in the eighteen seventies.
Interviewer:  Was that to keep away malaria?
312:  Keep away malaria. They lived very close to the river.
Interviewer:  Oh. I didn't know it could be used to keep it away too.
312:  Well yes. They used it to keep it away. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} What is uh {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh passed away.
Interviewer:  Yeah okay. Are there any crude ways {C: tape noise} What do you call uh {C: tape noise} Oh I see. Um He's been dead a week but nobody's yet figured out what he
312:  died of. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  What is the place where people are buried?
312:  In a cemetery.
Interviewer:  If it's very small and out in the country would you have a different name?
312:  Uh graveyard.
Interviewer:  If it's uh around a church? {C: tape noise}
312:  Burying ground. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. And are there any other words you'd
312:  I can't think of any others.
Interviewer:  Okay what is the box that people are buried in?
312:  Casket. Coffin.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What is the {C: tape noise} For a burial?
312:  Uh {C: tape noise} Funeral service.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. If people are dressed in black you say they're in
312:  mourning.
Interviewer:  Alright. {C: tape noise} Uh if somebody m- met you on the street and says well how are you today and if you're feeling just about average you'd say oh I'm
312:  So so. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Would you say uh I'm pretty well?
312:  Pretty well. Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh if somebody's troubled you might say oh it'll come out alright. Don't
312:  worry.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What is the disease of the joints called?
312:  Um uh
Interviewer:  When you get older.
312:  Arthritis.
Interviewer:  And the other one?
312:  Rheumatism.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What is the disease that children used to get They don't ha- it- it do- they don't have it anymore because they have shots for it but uh it would attack children in the throat and they'd choke to death.
312:  Uh diphtheria.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} makes your skin turn yellow?
312:  Uh jaundice. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  And have you heard anything else for it? {C: tape noise}
312:  No. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Let's say um you have a pain down here and you have to have
312:  #1 Appendicitis. #
Interviewer:  #2 an op- # Have you heard that called- an older word for it? {C: tape noise} Uh cramp colic?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} Uh If somebody ate something that didn't agree with him and it came back up what's a
312:  They uh {C: tape noise} throw up.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Any other words?
312:  Regurgitate. {NW}
Interviewer:  Any crude words?
312:  Uh I don't know of any.
Interviewer:  Would you ever say vomit?
312:  Oh yes certainly. Vomit.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} If- if you invite somebody to come to see you this evening and you wanna tell him that you'll be disappointed if he- if he doesn't come you say {C: tape noise} come uh I {C: tape noise} Or would you just say I'll be disappointed?
312:  I'll be sorry.
Interviewer:  Okay. Would you ever say I shall be sorry?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} If Mm {NS} {C: tape noise} If a man meets a girl at a dance and he wants to go home with her after the dance he says may I
312:  drive you home.
Interviewer:  Okay. How about if they're walking?
312:  May I walk you home.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} Uh Say they're uh this man and this girl were spending a lot of time together uh what would you say he's doing with her?
312:  They're going together.
Interviewer:  Or he is
312:  uh uh he is uh
Interviewer:  It's an old fashioned
312:  #1 I know it. #
Interviewer:  #2 word. #
312:  I'm trying to think of it. He is uh hmm {NW} {NW} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Courting?
312:  Courting. Of course.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Couldn't think of it.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh and he uh His relationship to her. You'd say he's her
312:  Her suitor.
Interviewer:  Okay. Or Any other words?
312:  Well boyfriend but suitor would been the old- old {X} old way to
Interviewer:  #1 Did you ever #
312:  #2 speak of it. #
Interviewer:  call him her beau?
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  Beau.
Interviewer:  {NW}
312:  Her beau.
Interviewer:  And she is his
312:  his girl.
Interviewer:  Okay. Heard any other {C: tape noise} words for her?
312:  Fiancee. Uh I don't know. Can't think of another one.
Interviewer:  Okay what are some old fashioned terms for kissing? {C: tape noise}
312:  Kissing. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Ever heard a' spooning?
312:  Well spooning yes. That's Yes. I've heard of that.
Interviewer:  Or smooching?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. If he asks her to marry him and she doesn't want him what do you say she's
312:  #1 She turns him down. #
Interviewer:  #2 done to him? # Mm-hmm. Anything else?
312:  Rej- uh rejects him.
Interviewer:  How about jilting?
312:  Jilting yes.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  Well jilting would be uh more likely if they uh were engaged and then she turned him down after that. I would say that she jilted him.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. # Now if they did go ahead {C: tape noise} they're just
312:  married?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Are there any humorous ways of saying that? {C: tape noise}
312:  Mm I guess {C: tape noise} can't think of it at the moment.
Interviewer:  Hitched?
312:  Hitched Yes that's one word. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Okay at a wedding the man who stands up with the groom is
312:  the best man.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} old fashioned names for the best man?
312:  Well uh {X} In my grandmother's day they spoke of waiting on the groom.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  They- my gra- I have letters from my grandmother well my grandfather to my grandmother and he was- asked someone to wait on him.
Interviewer:  That's interesting. Now what would that man be called though? {C: tape noise}
312:  I don't know. {NW} That's- but he- he asked uh {C: tape noise} this man to wait be- to wait on him. No it- it wouldn't be called a waiter.
Interviewer:  Okay. I do have waiter here {C: tape noise}
312:  Well I- I don't think they were called waiters. But they- that was the way he spoke of it as asking his friend {C: tape noise} to wait on him. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  go for the bride as well? Did-
312:  Uh I don't know.
Interviewer:  What do you call the uh woman who stands up with the bride?
312:  The bri- uh the maid of honor.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  The bridesmaids {C: tape noise} that waited on 'em were called bridesmaids.
Interviewer:  Right.
312:  {X} was concerned. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay did you ever hear of this? Sometimes {C: tape noise} stand around and make a lot of noise. {C: tape noise}
312:  I've heard of it called uh {C: tape noise} name but that's in- that {C: tape noise} I've never known that to happen. It's only out in the country districts I think that they have things like that. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh {C: tape noise} Do you think they still {C: tape noise} Can you think of any other words for chivalry?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: whispering} {C: tape noise} Uh {C: whispering} {C: tape noise} Alright do you remember {C: tape noise} I can't believe I ate the
312:  Yeah the- the whole thing.
Interviewer:  Right.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What do you call it when people go out in the evening and go to a place where there's music and they move around on the floor?
312:  Dance.
Interviewer:  Alright. Ever heard a dance called anything else depending on what kind it was?
312:  Uh Yes I'm sure I have. Uh I can't think.
Interviewer:  A ball if
312:  #1 A ball. #
Interviewer:  #2 it's fancy. #
312:  Oh yes a ball would be a formal dance. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  House dance?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Break down?
312:  Well I've heard of break down that's rather country thing too I think.
Interviewer:  And a hoedown.
312:  Hoe down. Break down.
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright if children get out of school at three o' clock you say at three o' clock school
312:  is out.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} You go to school to get an
312:  education.
Interviewer:  And after high school you go on to
312:  college.
Interviewer:  Okay. After kindergarten you go into the {C: tape noise}
312:  elementary school.
Interviewer:  Specifically
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  which grade?
312:  First grade.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh somebody Well let's see. {C: tape noise} sat on bench Excuse me. Sat on benches at school. Now they sit at
312:  desks.
Interviewer:  Okay and each child has his
312:  his own desk.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh a building where you can borrow books is called a
312:  library.
Interviewer:  Alright. You mail a package at the
312:  post office.
Interviewer:  You stay overnight in a strange town at a
312:  hotel.
Interviewer:  You see a play at the
312:  theater.
Interviewer:  Uh you had an operation in the
312:  hospital.
Interviewer:  And you're taken care of by a
312:  doctor.
Interviewer:  And a the woman.
312:  A nurse.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And you catch a train at the
312:  station.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh If you walk from one street corner to the opposite one you say you're going
312:  uh diagonal.
Interviewer:  Or
312:  Uh crossing the street uh
Interviewer:  Can you think of anything else for diagonal? There's kind of a cute expression
312:  I know there is. Uh uh Oh oh uh Yes I just was {X} {C: tape noise} scramble? No.
Interviewer:  #1 I don't know. That could be one. #
312:  #2 That's not it. #
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard kitty corner? or catty
312:  Catty corner. Yes catty corner.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NW} What do you call the vehicles that used to run on tracks with a wire overhead?
312:  A street car.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh any other names for those?
312:  Trolley. Trolley car.
Interviewer:  You might tell the bus driver uh the next corner is where I want
312:  to get off. {NS}
Interviewer:  Uh here in oh Davidson county Nashville
312:  #1 Yes #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # {C: tape noise} What do you call the main town in a county?
312:  The uh county seat.
Interviewer:  Yes. Is Nashville the county seat of {C: tape noise} It doesn't
312:  #1 Yes. It is. #
Interviewer:  #2 look the way #
312:  #1 County seat. #
Interviewer:  #2 Even though everything's metro now? #
312:  Yeah. Well it's uh It would be the county seat as far as {NW} and it business is concerned.
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright if you work- if you're an F-B-I agent you say you're working for the
312:  government.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. The police in a town are supposed to maintain what?
312:  Law and order.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh the fight between the northern and southern states in eighteen sixty-one was
312:  the civil war.
Interviewer:  Alright. Other names?
312:  {X} War between the states.
Interviewer:  Are there any other names that older people called it? Can you remember when you were a child it being called something else?
312:  The- the war of the rebellion was one name. That was not southern. That was northern.
Interviewer:  Oh.
312:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # How about the war of secession? Have you heard
312:  Yeah well that's another name. Yes I guess. I- that's not as familiar to me. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. Before they had the electric chair they used ropes and murderers were
312:  uh uh hung.
Interviewer:  Okay. The man went out and
312:  hanged himself.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Richmond is capital
312:  Virginia.
Interviewer:  Raleigh?
312:  North Carolina.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NW}
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Columbus is the capital of
312:  Georgia.
Interviewer:  No.
312:  No wait a minute. Columbus Mississip- uh Missouri.
Interviewer:  #1 I have south Carolina. #
312:  #2 No Mississippi. # Mississippi. Wait a minute. Mississippi.
Interviewer:  I {X} wrong.
312:  Oh.
Interviewer:  Columbia.
312:  Columbia. {X} Missouri isn't it?
Interviewer:  No. South
312:  Oh south Carolina.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  #1 Yeah that's right. South Carolina. #
Interviewer:  #2 I'm sorry I just read it # And Atlanta is the capital of
312:  Georgia.
Interviewer:  Okay. Tallahassee?
312:  Florida.
Interviewer:  Uh George Wallace governor of
312:  of Alabama. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Baton Rouge is the capital of
312:  Louisiana. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  The volunteer state is
312:  {C: tape noise} Tennessee
Interviewer:  {NW} The show me state is
312:  {C: tape noise} the what?
Interviewer:  Show me state?
312:  I have no idea.
Interviewer:  {C: tape noise} You've already said it once when you were guessing the capital of {X}
312:  Missouri?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  I have never heard it called that.
Interviewer:  That's its name like volunteer
312:  I didn't know that. I never heard it.
Interviewer:  They say if you're from Missouri uh
312:  Show me. I know that. #1 I know that #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. #
312:  but I didn't know they called it that.
Interviewer:  Alright little rock is the capital of
312:  Arkansas.
Interviewer:  Jackson {X}
312:  Mississippi. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  The lone star state is
312:  Texas. {C: tape noise} Texas.
Interviewer:  {X}
312:  Oh Oklahoma.
Interviewer:  Right. Boston?
312:  Massachusetts.
Interviewer:  And what do you call that whole group of states?
312:  Um the new England states.
Interviewer:  Okay. What is the biggest city in Maryland? {C: tape noise} Baltimore. {C: tape noise}
312:  Washington.
Interviewer:  {X} {C: tape noise} just just s- differentiate it from the state of Washington called
312:  #1 Oh the cap- #
Interviewer:  #2 Washington #
312:  uh Washington D-C.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} the biggest city in Missouri? {C: tape noise}
312:  Saint Louis.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What is the old historical sea port in south Carolina?
312:  Charleston.
Interviewer:  Okay. The big steel making town in Alabama?
312:  Birmingham. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  city in Illinois?
312:  Chicago. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright the capital of Alabama?
312:  Uh Hmm. {C: tape noise} Montgomery of course. I know that. {X} seen the capitol many {C: tape noise} times.
Interviewer:  {NW} Now what's the name of that uh fairly large city on the gulf?
312:  Uh uh uh Mobile.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} What is the really pretty resort city in the mountains of north Carolina?
312:  Uh Asheville.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What's the biggest city in east Tennessee?
312:  Knoxville.
Interviewer:  And what's the one that will soon be bigger probably than Knoxville? It's on the border of
312:  #1 Oh #
Interviewer:  #2 Georgia. #
312:  {C: tape noise} Uh {X} uh Chattanooga?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} west Tennessee where the blues started?
312:  Me- Memphis.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} And what city is this?
312:  Nashville.
Interviewer:  {NW} What is the capital of Georgia?
312:  Uh Atlanta. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  And what's the biggest sea port in Georgia?
312:  Uh Savannah.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What is the biggest city in uh the middle of Georgia? {C: tape noise} Well fort Benning is right {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh {C: tape noise} I don't know. I don't
Interviewer:  Alright well I'm trying to get two cities here. There's one city
312:  #1 Alban- #
Interviewer:  #2 It's {X} #
312:  Not Albany. {X}
Interviewer:  It's right in the center
312:  #1 Um uh um #
Interviewer:  #2 of Georgia. #
312:  uh Mac- no.
Interviewer:  Yes.
312:  Macon?
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
312:  #2 Macon. #
Interviewer:  And what's the other one? It's on the border of of Alabama where fort Benning is? Phenix city Alabama is on the other side.
312:  Uh uh
Interviewer:  #1 It's named after the #
312:  #2 {X} # Uh Co- uh
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  Columbus?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. What's the biggest city in Louisiana?
312:  New Orleans.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What's the capital of Louisiana? {C: tape noise}
312:  Shreveport.
Interviewer:  No.
312:  No uh uh n- uh not Shreveport. Uh {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Bat-
312:  Baton Rouge. {NW} Course I know that. Seen the capital there many times.
Interviewer:  Have you?
312:  Yes. {NW}
Interviewer:  There still a lot a' French people in Baton Rouge?
312:  Yes there are.
Interviewer:  Okay. What is the biggest city in southern Ohio? {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh Columbus.
Interviewer:  No. It begins with C.
312:  Um {C: tape noise} Oh uh Cincinnati
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
312:  #2 of course. #
Interviewer:  Biggest city in Kentucky?
312:  {C: tape noise} Louisville.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} and she's not likely to get any better and somebody asks you how she's coming along you say well it {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh {X} Seems to me she will not get well or
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. Okay. #
312:  #2 something like that. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 {C: tape noise} #
Interviewer:  Uh If your daughter did not help you with the dishes you'd say she went off playing
312:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Alright when you could have used help you might ask afterwards why did you just sit around
312:  and not help me? Oh
Interviewer:  Close. {NW} It means in place of helping me.
312:  I don't know. {NW}
Interviewer:  Instead.
312:  Huh?
Interviewer:  Instead?
312:  Instead of yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} What is the largest protestant denomination in the south?
312:  Mm baptist I believe.
Interviewer:  Sure is.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  If people became members of a church you say they
312:  joined the church.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Uh {C: tape noise}
312:  God?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} {C: tape noise} delivers a
312:  sermon. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  One might one man might say I go to church to hear the sermon. Another man might say well I don't care about the sermon. I just go to hear
312:  the music.
Interviewer:  Yeah. {C: tape noise} And to describe the music {C: tape noise} really like it you say it was Well anything that's extremely {C: tape noise}
312:  It's uh beautiful.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} Uh the enemy the opposite of God is the
312:  devil.
Interviewer:  Have you heard any funny expressions or slang
312:  #1 Well uh #
Interviewer:  #2 expressions for the devil? #
312:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 {C: tape noise} # Mm-hmm.
312:  And uh
Interviewer:  Have you ever Have you ever heard him called old Harry?
312:  Yes I have.
Interviewer:  Have you?
312:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  Do you know why?
312:  No. #1 Not yet {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Okay what do people see at night uh They're white. You know when people are scared they think they see these
312:  Ghosts.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Anything else?
312:  Spooks. {NW} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay. Any other names?
312:  No I don't- can't think of one at the moment.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} call a house that has ghosts in it?
312:  Uh haunted.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} If it's not {C: tape noise} to uh wear a coat you might say better put a sweater on. It's getting
312:  chilly.
Interviewer:  Uh can you give me a word to describe chilly.
312:  Uh it's uh {C: tape noise} {X}
Interviewer:  Well would you say sort of or somewhat or rather chilly?
312:  Rather chilly. Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh {C: tape noise} If you wanna say something stronger or more enthusiastic than yes you say {C: tape noise}
312:  Yes indeed.
Interviewer:  How about a completely different word?
312:  {X}
Interviewer:  Of course?
312:  #1 Of #
Interviewer:  #2 You said of course. #
312:  of course yeah. {NW} Of course. {NW}
Interviewer:  Do you ever say certainly?
312:  Certainly yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright if I say If I don't believe you and I say do you really think you can do that you say well I
312:  I'll try.
Interviewer:  No no no. If you're sure.
312:  #1 Oh oh. #
Interviewer:  #2 If you- well I won't say the word but # {NW} If you know you can do it you say I
312:  I am certain
Interviewer:  {NW} Well
312:  that I can.
Interviewer:  I don't want you to use that word.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 Alright if I say #
312:  #2 I'm sure. #
Interviewer:  Yeah.
312:  Sure that I can.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise}
312:  #1 Positive #
Interviewer:  #2 Did you {X} #
312:  that I can.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Did you used to say or maybe you still do. Do you say yes sir or yes ma'am to anybody?
312:  Uh no {C: tape noise} I don't.
Interviewer:  But when you were a child?
312:  Oh yes, though my family did not advocate that so much. But that
Interviewer:  #1 Oh you didn't? #
312:  #2 was the southern #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 {C: tape noise} # believe in it exactly.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  But my- but it is- it was a southern custom but I was not trained to do it. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Did you have to say it to your teachers then? Or not? Did the teachers try to {X}
312:  {C: tape noise} My my parents told me to say yes mrs so and so.
Interviewer:  I see.
312:  No Mrs so and so. But not- no yes ma'am and no ma'am. {C: tape noise} {X} all my friends were trying to do {X}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Maybe they thought it sounded a little servile.
312:  They- I think so. I don't know just why my family {C: tape noise} didn't. I think it's probably the influence of that same uncle. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh the tomato uncle. #
312:  I think so.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} What might you exclaim if you're getting excited? {C: tape noise}
312:  Oh dear.
Interviewer:  #1 Alright. Would you say #
312:  #2 Or uh #
Interviewer:  my goodness?
312:  My {C: tape noise} my goodness.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  If something shocking is reported, perhaps attributed to you, you might show kind of polite resentment by saying why that- {C: tape noise}
312:  I
Interviewer:  It's a word that means thought. Why the
312:  idea.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Will you say that
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  altogether?
312:  Why the idea.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Would you ever say that?
312:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Oh okay.
312:  {NW} Yes I would. {C: laughing} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Uh When you're at- meeting somebody {C: tape noise} some- to an old friend that you see all the time
312:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 how do you greet # that person?
312:  Hello. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright if you're asking f- inquiring about their health?
312:  Hello. How are you?
Interviewer:  Alright. How about if you're being introduced to a stranger in a
312:  #1 How do you do? #
Interviewer:  #2 formal # Okay. If uh your friend's visiting and- and you're enjoyed the visit. You want her to come back you say {C: tape noise}
312:  Merry Christmas. Happy new year.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. That was my next question. How'd you guess? #
312:  #2 {NW} # {NW}
Interviewer:  Have you seen this before?
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay is there another way to s- {C: tape noise} express your appreciation besides saying thank you? For example you might say I'm much
312:  obliged.
Interviewer:  Alright. {C: tape noise}
312:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh You might say I have to go downtown now to do some
312:  shopping.
Interviewer:  Alright. You made a purchase and the storekeeper took a piece of paper and {C: tape noise} And when I got home {X} package I
312:  opened it.
Interviewer:  #1 Or- or 'un #
312:  #2 Opened the package. #
Interviewer:  Undid the package.
312:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Would you say unwrapped? #
312:  Unwrapped the package. Yes. {C: laughing}
Interviewer:  Okay. {NW} If you sell something for less than you paid for it you might say I had to sell it
312:  at a- at a discount or at a uh uh that's not the word uh sacrifice.
Interviewer:  Or lo-
312:  A loss.
Interviewer:  Would you say that?
312:  Yes. At a loss I believe would be the best way.
Interviewer:  Alright. {C: tape noise} Say you admire something but you don't have enough money to buy it. You say I like it but it {C: tape noise}
312:  I can't afford it.
Interviewer:  Alright but {C: tape noise} say I like it but it
312:  it is too expensive.
Interviewer:  Okay. Or it co-
312:  costs too much. {C: tape noise} {NW}
Interviewer:  If it's time to pay the bill you say the bill is
312:  due.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. If you belong to a club you have to pay the
312:  your dues.
Interviewer:  Alright. {C: tape noise} If you haven't got any money you go to a friend and try to
312:  borrow.
Interviewer:  Alright. When a banker is gently refusing a loan he might say well money is
312:  scarce.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh He ran down the springboard at the pool and
312:  dived in.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh {C: tape noise} You might say well nine or ten have nine or ten boys have already
312:  have already dived.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh have you ever Maybe you did this when you were a little kid. When you were learning how to {C: tape noise} and you don't- you land flat on your s-
312:  Belly {X} {NW}
Interviewer:  Yeah belly
312:  Belly belly whopper {NW} something like that.
Interviewer:  #1 Buster? #
312:  #2 {NW} # Belly buster
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 Something like that. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 {C: tape noise} #
Interviewer:  What do you call it what children do when they put their head on the ground and come over like that?
312:  Uh uh uh somersault.
Interviewer:  Okay. He wanted to get across the river so he dived in and
312:  swam.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Uh I like that swimming hole. I have
312:  swum
Interviewer:  there.
312:  there.
Interviewer:  Alright. {C: tape noise} I think they did this a long time ago. I don't know if they do it now or not. {C: tape noise} It used to be when you bought something or just brought your bill up to pay- paid your bill the s- storekeep would give you a little present and say it's for {C: tape noise}
312:  Mm. I don't- I don't know. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Okay have you heard of I can't even pronounce. Look at this word and tell me if you've heard of it. {C: tape noise}
312:  Uh no I can't pronounce that either.
Interviewer:  Alright.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  I think that's only in Louisiana.
312:  Yeah I think it is.
Interviewer:  Alright someone who was caught in a whirlpool and didn't get out. You say he was {C: tape noise}
312:  sucked in. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Alright if he died underwater he
312:  drowned.
Interviewer:  Right. What does a baby do before it's able to walk?
312:  Toddles. Oh
Interviewer:  Alright on the floor.
312:  Oh sh- crawls.
Interviewer:  Okay. You saw something up in the top of the tree. You wanted to take a loo- closer look at it so you went over to the tree {C: tape noise} Okay. {C: tape noise} Now I don't- I don't like trees. I've never
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh
312:  Climbed a tree.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NW} If a man wants to hide behind a low hedge he's got to
312:  Uh Uh {C: tape noise} Hmm.
Interviewer:  Well if you get down in this position {X}
312:  Crouch.
Interviewer:  Yeah. #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 Crouch. # {NW}
Interviewer:  If you are down on your knees at an altar you say I went up to the altar and I
312:  knelt.
Interviewer:  Okay. If you're tired you say I'm gonna go {C: tape noise}
312:  take a nap. {NW}
Interviewer:  Alright but if you're just going to describe the position of your body.
312:  #1 Oh I'd lie down. #
Interviewer:  #2 You're not going to stand. # Say
312:  Lie down.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh He was really sick. He couldn't even sit up. He just {C: tape noise} Talking about something you saw in your sleep you say this is what I
312:  dreamed.
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh You say I dreamed I was falling but just as I was about {C: tape noise}
312:  I woke up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} Yeah. To get a boat up on land you tie a rope to the bow and
312:  pull it in. Uh
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  When your car is stuck in the mud or snow you have to
312:  push it. {NS}
Interviewer:  Alright. If you carry a very heavy {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Now what was What were we talking about {C: tape noise}
312:  About something {X} What was it? {NS}
Interviewer:  Oh uh Instead of carrying something heavy you might say I If it's real heavy I
312:  lifted it? No. That wouldn't be it.
Interviewer:  Well you carried it but There's a word- there're a couple words that would indicate that it was heavy.
312:  Uh
Interviewer:  Would you say or for example I lugged it? Or
312:  I wouldn't say that.
Interviewer:  Uh Towed it?
312:  #1 No I wouldn't say that either. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NS} #
312:  #1 {NS} #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. #
312:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NS} # Probably just carried {X}
312:  Carried it. {NS}
Interviewer:  Alright. {C: phone conversation begins. 312's voice is more distant}
312:  I did. Yes. I did and I left you the uh something there at the door. That survey. Yes that's right. Yeah that's right. Yes I got the prints too. {NW} Yes. Well I got them. Thank you very much. I got twelve. Yes. Well I did. {X} Well I got twelve. Mm-mm. Well I'm- I've got that many. Yeah. {NS} Well I did. {NW} So Oh no I'm not {X} I am doing it. Right now I am doing something else I'll tell you about later. I'll call you and tell you what I've been doing. {NW} Alright. {C: laughing} {NW} {X} {X} {NS} They're coming tomorrow. {X} {C: tape noise} Oh I see. Mm-hmm. Well next week we'll work out something. Uh Yes. Well I'll Yes well you find out and we'll wo- we'll work it out. Alright I'll talk to you. Alright bye bye. {NS} {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  {NW} Okay. {C: laughing} {NW} You might tell a child the stove is very hot so
312:  be careful.
Interviewer:  Or don't
312:  D- uh Don't touch it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. If you needed a hammer you might say to me please {C: tape noise}
312:  hand me a hammer.
Interviewer:  Alright but not You want s- to send me for it. You'd say please
312:  please {C: tape noise} get me a hammer.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Would you ever say fetch?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. Bring?
312:  Bring. Yes.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: whispering} What uh What do you call the things at the end of a football field that you have to get the ball over?
312:  Oh uh Oh dear. {NW} I can't think. {C: laughing} {NW} Oh, now what do you call it? pole- the goal posts.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  Goal posts.
Interviewer:  Alright say you've got a ball and there's two kids two kids are playing with a ball. One throws and the other
312:  Uh catches.
Interviewer:  Okay. You say I threw the ball and he
312:  caught it.
Interviewer:  Alright. I've been fishing for trout but so far I haven't
312:  caught any.
Interviewer:  Alright. Okay you might say let's meet in town. If I get there first I'll
312:  wait for you.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} Alright. S- uh There's a man who's been working for you and uh he's done- done something that's caused you to discharge him. He might come back to you and ask you to take him on again saying please just give me
312:  another try. Another uh chance.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} If a man is is always in Let's see. If a man can always see the point of a joke you say he's got a very good sense
312:  sense of humor.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Uh If you have a hired man who keeps loafing on the job all the time you might decide to to discharge him. And you say to a friend of yours I think I'm just {C: tape noise}
312:  fire him.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 Uh #
Interviewer:  Or get
312:  get rid of him.
Interviewer:  Alright. Have you ever heard get shut of him?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} He didn't know what was going on at all but he It sort of means he pretended {X} He a-
312:  He acted as if he did.
Interviewer:  Alright. {C: tape noise} If someone stole your pencil is there a slang word you might use in saying who
312:  Who who pinched my pencil? {NW}
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard swiped?
312:  Yeah swiped
Interviewer:  #1 Have you heard of filched? #
312:  #2 is another word. # Well filched is not- Yes I've heard that but that's not as usual.
Interviewer:  Okay.
312:  But swiped would be really more usual.
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh Let's see. I ask a question and I expect
312:  an answer.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. You put a letter into an envelope and then you take your pen and
312:  address it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh if you wanna write to someone you have to know you his
312:  address.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh If a little boy has learned something new for instance if he's learned how to whistle and you wanna know where he learned that you might say well who
312:  taught you.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh When are you going to Miami? Well right now we're
312:  planning to go.
Interviewer:  Okay. Would you say we intend to go?
312:  Yes that would be one way of saying it.
Interviewer:  Or we're fixing to go?
312:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} What uh {C: tape noise} If a little boy has done something naughty and his sister sees him do it the little boy {X} might say now don't go to mother and
312:  tell her.
Interviewer:  Okay. What is it- what is a person called who always tells on somebody?
312:  H- uh uh {C: tape noise} tattle tale.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh if you want a bouquet for the dinner table you go out to the garden and pick
312:  pick a bunch a' flowers.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What's something that a child plays with?
312:  Toys.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard uh any other terms for toys?
312:  Play things.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard a' play pretty?
312:  N- No not usually. No.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 No. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 {NS} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 #
Interviewer:  I'm glad I I'm glad I carried my umbrella you might say. We hadn't gone half a block when the rain
312:  started.
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} How about uh a word that begins with B that means the same thing as started. When the rain
312:  began. Began.
Interviewer:  Okay. If somebody asks you what time d- does the show start you say well it's already
312:  started. {C: tape noise} It's already {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  Be-
312:  begun.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
312:  It's already begun. {C: tape noise}
Interviewer:  You give somebody a new bracelet and you say to her why don't you {C: tape noise}
312:  wear it.
Interviewer:  Or put
312:  put it on.
Interviewer:  Alright. Uh {C: tape noise} If you're sitting with a friend and you're not saying anything and all of a sudden the friend says what did you say You'd say well I said N- If you didn't say anything you said
312:  I didn't say anything.
Interviewer:  #1 Or I said #
312:  #2 I said nothing. #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Then you'd say oh I thought you said
312:  something. {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh You might say I got thrown once and I've been scared of horses ever
312:  since.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {C: tape noise} Uh It wasn't an accident. He did it
312:  purposely.
Interviewer:  #1 Or #
312:  #2 He # uh i- in- on purpose.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Uh {C: tape noise} If two little boys every time they see each other they do like this.
312:  #1 Fighting. #
Interviewer:  #2 They say # Okay. Uh Ever since they were small {C: tape noise}
312:  fought.
Interviewer:  Okay. {C: tape noise} What does somebody do if they kill someone with a knife?
312:  They stab them.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
312:  #2 {NS} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
312:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Uh what is it called when you pull you knife out of the holder?
312:  Uh scabbard?
Interviewer:  Uh what's the action?
312:  Oh.
Interviewer:  Or when you make picture you {C: tape noise} If you're- if you're picture with pencil.
312:  You Draw. Draw the knife.
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
312:  #2 Of course. # Yeah.
Interviewer:  If you're going to lis- lift something like a piece of machinery up on a roof you must use pulley blocks and a rope to
312:  to uh uh pull it. To uh {C: tape noise} hoist?
Interviewer:  Yes.
312:  Hoist it. {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay. {NS} Now I have to ask {X} Uh couple of opinions
312:  #1 Oh dear. {C: laughing} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Is there any We're through with the survey now.
312:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Is there # anything that you expected me to ask or any type of thing that I didn't ask?
312:  No I don't think so.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh And do you have any opinions on on good grammar or or dialects? How do you feel about the s- about the south? In terms of its dialects or its uh standardness?
312:  Well uh I don't know. I can't {C: tape noise} don't know. {C: tape noise} Course we have uh {C: tape noise} dialects. And in different sections of the country have different. Even Tennessee. The three different sections are quite different.
Interviewer:  Oh sure.
312:  There are accents different. And it's quite different and we have different uh customs. And different way of speaking.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NW} Okay. {C: laughing}
312:  Yeah. {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh is that all you wanna say
312:  #1 That's all #
Interviewer:  #2 about it? #
312:  I wanna say.
Interviewer:  Okay. Thank
312:  {X} {C: laughing} {NW} {C: tape noise}