330: {D: saying} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: I got out of walking around out there it'd be after dark on the hill and uh {NS} whole bunch of us would {X} she'd picked up a {X} you know we had to run like {X} catch that thing it done taken off course it you know they don't take off too fast especially {X} we run and grabbed it anyway jumped on it and I said Lord I coulda been left down in them bushes we were just plum foo- fools running around out there in them bushes like that but we didn't know {X} put in I didn't care {X} I don't know why we got out there run around we got in the {X} {D: I think it's three slots} course I just different times we have nowadays in summer time wasn't long too long till daylight. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay what on the ear of corn you know the the covering 330: Huh? Interviewer: Okay talking about corn the covering outside covering on the ear of corn what do you call that? 330: Shucks. Interviewer: Okay. And the top of the corn stalk 330: Tassel Interviewer: Okay and the stringy stuff that you pull off 330: That's that that's uh the silk? Interviewer: Okay. And um let's see this is something that it might grow up in in the woods after it's been raining or something. It's little umbrella shaped things 330: Grows up in the woods and it's umbrella shaped. Interviewer: Yeah it's little small things maybe it's white or something or um it's got a little stalk 330: Frogstool? Interviewer: Okay what's can you eat that? 330: Nuh-uh. No I've seen little stools grow up in woods Interviewer: Uh-huh 330: And look like a little umbrella over it still there but no it couldn't eat it. Interviewer: Is there anything similar to that that you can eat? Something like mu- mush- 330: Mushroom it there might I never did I've never seen any. Or eaten any. There might be something other that would grow in the woods, I've never made contact never had any. Now there's uh there's a thing that grows in the woods a ginseng. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: That they make herbs out of sell it terrible high price. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: It looks like a it's got the little forked leaves on it and I I don't know too much about it but I've heard a lot of 'em talk about it you know. And I've heard people that it's actually dug it up cuz the roots is what they want. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And the roots bring way up in the dollars a pound. Ginseng. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: You ever heard anything like that? Interviewer: I've heard of it but I've never seen 330: Well now they grow it they grow it people grow it {X} I reckon that they they grow this marijuana, what do you call it. They say they're growing it in fields now through the country told me they course they {X} down there the other day {X} did {X} that's first time I ever seen any. Interviewer: Was that marijuana? 330: Yes it's uh it's dope you know I guess smoke it don't they? Interviewer: I guess. 330: I think they smoke it. But this {D: sheriff} raided fields and then deputy lives right there right then right above me here and he brought it some of it there and left it there for us all to look at it. It's just a great big plant thing I I don't know. I wouldn't know what it was {X} somebody had some on my face I wouldn't know what it was. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I never did see it. That's first time I'd ever seen the stuff. But he said that's what it was, I guess it was, I don't know. Interviewer: Okay this frogstool, is there another name for that? 330: Uh no I Interviewer: You ever heard of mushroom, or mushroom 330: Yeah I've heard of mushroom yeah. I've heard of it. Interviewer: What's how's that different from a frogstool? 330: I guess it's a it would be some kinda like a a turnip or a carrot or something or other I guess to make soup out of, don't they? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Don't they make mushroom soup? {NS} {NS} I I've never growed any but I've heard of it all my life. Interviewer: Do you know what it looks like? 330: I I think it looks more like a maybe a carrot, I let me ask my wife. Interviewer: Oh it's okay it doesn't matter. 330: It's just a thing that they make a soup out of, it's just {X} I know I've heard 'em talk about it. Interviewer: People don't grow it around here then? 330: I I've never grew any, no. {D: saw people do it} Interviewer: Okay um let's see talking about some fences um what it's a kind of fence that you might have around your yard or garden 330: Garden garden wire? Interviewer: I'm not not wire 330: Hmm? Interviewer: I'm thinking of something maybe just little boards that come up to a point maybe maybe they're 330: Little uh little boards you you mean just on a put on post uh uh {X} {D: right up there and then} little plank there well it would be you see there was a lot of folks has 'em around around a yard or {NS} garden something or other they trim 'em I and uh they they'll have squared posts {D: they'll saw 'em} and then they'll have a the plank course it'd be sawed sawmill just like it is a post and they nail that to the post then they have these little bitty I guess about a two one by three something like that. And then they trim the point 'em up Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And nail 'em on the and paint Interviewer: Do you know what they call those? 330: Uh uh uh la- a lattice I'd call it kind of a lattice. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Like. Be what I'd call it. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of picket or paling? 330: Paneling? Interviewer: Picket fence or paling fence or 330: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 something else? # 330: that there would be it might it might they might call that one of those we I was just talking about might call it a picket fence, I don't I don't know what it uh we used to we used to have rail fences back in my young days. Interviewer: Oh really? 330: Yeah. Whole thing was rails. When you brought that up I've never see I this other I've seen {X} coming up mine I put I had posts squared and uh and planks had dressed and then then put one on the side right there's your post cut one off and put one on top nail. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: You got three plank I mean two planks over there that's the way I fix mine. And my posts I got square posts all up and down the row both sides and I have 'em painted. But now this rail fence we used to have it just I could carry you down to first {X} tell you to go down there and there's still a lot of 'em down in there. Interviewer: Hmm. 330: Uh low in {X} {D: county.} They lay 'em across 'em just like this Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And another one comes on that one another comes on that till about six or seven rails high. And they have two little stakes one each at the e- where they where they uh end you know you cross 'em big down there and tie a wire. Twisted it hold 'em together. Interviewer: {X} 330: I remember seeing it. {X} And you guy set hired a man when I was little small hired a man from to make {X} out of Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: People got to go out in the country wanted to give so much wire for so many pounds. They call each layer a pound that's so many pounds they'd give so many a wire chicken {X} wire {X} so many pounds of the of {NW} so my father dropped all that off and got wire got new wire of course and we got posts and dug holes and {X} this {X} net wire from fencing wire just regular regular fencing wire a net and uh put it up {X} {X} today Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Coulda left 'em you know. That's what they made the caskets out of you know Interviewer: Oh really? 330: Yeah I I could tell you one time I seen one made. Interviewer: A casket? 330: Yeah. Man get in it a little old doctor when I was small uh fellow one of the best carpenters I guess we had in the state of Tennessee. Made this casket, cedar. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And this old doctor would get in it and try it see if you gonna fit. When he had him making it. And I don't believe I ever got in it {X} Interviewer: {NW} 330: fellow doctor uh uh {NS} {X} {NS} and a fellow named {X} carve it build it for him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It's the prettiest thing you ever seen in your life. Beauty thing I ever saw. And he were buried in it, they buried him in it. Interviewer: Yeah. I don't think I'd care to get in it and lie down. 330: No {NW} {X} Interviewer: {NW} 330: And uh I've sat up now many a night I you I know you never have for sure never sat up with anybody dead Interviewer: {X} 330: Way back years ago you see {NW} they always kept 'em at the home. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And the neighbor would go in and sit up. That night With 'em. And they didn't embalm either then back there then. Fifty years ago never was such thing as embalming people. I hope a fellow embalm {X} father and take 'em {X} and he sat in this fellow's home, my grand daddy's home, I went there {X} {D: a day out of Franklin} All I done with him was stuff and he'd drew this blood out of it you know and put this fluid in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And oh that's the first time I ever seen anything like that done you know {X} then after that they begin to more and more begin to embalm 'em you know. {X} Wasn't no time till everybody was embalmed. You see you could keep 'em quite a while. Up till then you couldn't keep 'em just you know just about a few hours. If there's hot weather it's faster you know. And I've sat up many times just might sound funny to you but they didn't have screens on there people's homes didn't have screens on 'em Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Windows back there in them days and we've had I've sat up many nights had to fight had to keep a broom or stick or something to keep {D: cats knocked out} people come come in and getting on eating the body on the body we've sat up many a night. Interviewer: Did it stink? 330: Yeah. Yeah just like something dead, something else that would be dead they would Interviewer: Hmm. 330: And you couldn't like I said you'd have to {D: bury 'em next day} but now you know sometimes they keep 'em well they I I think they freeze the bodies now, don't they? And keep 'em for weeks and weeks. Interviewer: {X} if the ground's too hard to dig. 330: I think I've heard 'em freezing 'em when they hold 'em out for weeks and weeks. Maybe it's you know just saving time. Somebody could come and get there, something or other. I've heard 'em freezing but I never seen one frozen nobody. Interviewer: Didn't you get scared sitting up? 330: Myself? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: The cats made it sorta scary feeling. Why we sitting up one time a whole bunch of friend my friends with a fellow old fellow {X} and we we like I s- talking yesterday we had to all bring wood we wood got {X} in the hou- we had to go out cut some take axes and cut some wood that night {X} real cold and bunch of 'em went out {X} to get some bring some more in two two or three usually three four of us would be sat up the house and there were these cats {X} and two two of them got {D: hung in the} door trying to get in all of 'em get in at one time {NW} {NW} {X} every one of 'em tried to get in the door at the same time {D: cats quarrel awfulest quarrel you ever heard.} Scared 'em to death. They was young and course I was {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But they didn't have to tell 'em to come in they'd come right on in. {X} lot of pranks things did with people like that back in them days I know you {X} well they the old lady was blind {X} tell all this stuff you might there just wouldn't be no kind of use with it. Interviewer: No I'm interested. Go ahead. 330: Said that {NS} she had {D: wool she} {D: was blind but she could really make stuff} she could use her hands you know and setting up {X} or making socks knitting sweaters and things like that, make all kind of stuff. She finally died {NW} A whole bunch of people older than I was now I was just a little small kid when they told me about it they did uh they went down and sat up with her she died. Well somehow or another I don't know {D: they went out to get wood or something} {X} something left and somebody comes in and takes takes her out and put {D: one of them live ones} crawled in and pulled a just just left a sheet over her you know that's all they all {D: lay upon over 'em} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: so you wouldn't see 'em, they'd just cover 'em up that sheet that's all you'd have over 'em and uh {NW} said that they got back in build up a fire sat down and {D: getting to talk} {NS} and this fellow begin to ease his hand out from under the sheet just a little bit and and could talk just exactly like this old lady did old lady Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: and said a little more wool please and a little more cotton please {NS} they told they told when the couldn't get out the door {X} after that {D: leapt up} left that fellow there by himself well now I didn't much blame 'em for going but they left that {D: sitting} but I never did believe in pranks. You know, nothing like that. But now a lot of folks did. Had had you know a lot of fun I thought wasn't nothing wrong with that. I'm guessing nothing wrong but I never did go for pranking or {X} I hope to dig uh I expect five hundred graves in my time for all the people I've sat up with. We had graveyard {X} {D: country} then when one would die we'd go and dig the grave you know bunch of us boys would and cover 'em up too you know in the bed when {X} we some of us had to cover 'em up they didn't have anybody there to cover 'em up. We just us boys would cover 'em up. Interviewer: Did you ever see a a fence or a wall made out of loose stone or rock? 330: A fence? Interviewer: Or a wall made out of stone or rock you know that you get from the field and 330: Yeah. Yeah. I've seen 'em. Sure have. Interviewer: What'd you call that? 330: Well I guess you'd just have to call it a call it a rock fence. I guess what they call it. Yeah I've seen 'em back over {D: days} And uh I've seen graveyard fences made with rock and I've seen 'em out of metal. Set in concrete the posts and {X} and uh {D: steel wire} around the graveyard out in the country. And back olden times way back most all of 'em was uh had some kind of fence {X} in the country you know way back in the little I never never went to a graveyard like in Franklin you know and now we have two down there. New Hope and uh another they got a new one going. Out down down {X} highway. Interviewer: Do you call those graveyards now? 330: Huh? Interviewer: Do they call them graveyard 330: They call they call them gardens you know. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And I guess that's what they what they called 'em gardens. Interviewer: What about cemetery? 330: Cemeteries or gardens you know. Interviewer: Those those words are new words though? They didn't they called 'em graveyards when you were growing up? 330: Mm-hmm. {C: tape overlaid} And now they call 'em gardens {X} a cemetery. Interviewer: What do they when you were growing up what did they call the boxes that they would bury people in? 330: Well they never like we never heard of {X} see we just had a a plain box called it, it was made out of I I just pine I'd say. Just a pine box. Interviewer: You call it a casket or 330: Oh it uh no you it would be I think they just called 'em boxes. They put this casket in it you know they'd put it down in there then and I didn't when I was young I never seen anybody buried in a vault, I mean a a steel vault. Nothing like that you know, we didn't have 'em. {X} They'd take this box and we'd dig graves Interviewer: Uh-huh 330: Like I said we would dig this grave and we'd dig a step like {X} place and we'd put that box down in there. We fixed that ourselves Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: We put it down in there. And set this lid up on the side of it we'd take a sheet and cut {X} we'd cut it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And pin it into the bank {X} all around all around the grave in around in the bank. Then when they were they bring the body we have to bury it then they'd uh let 'em down with a strip {X} let 'em down with a {X} Interviewer: The body or the 330: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 # 330: #1 Just the casket. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # The casket? 330: Mm-hmm. And about that wide strap Interviewer: Two inches wide? 330: We we'd let 'em down, hold 'em just ease 'em down there'd be some there'd be four of us. Or six or something like that whatever they wanted it to be. {X} you know we'd let 'em down just let 'em slip in the hand, eased 'em down Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And then when they'd got when I was {X} {C: tape overlaid} they'd lay that lid over on top of that then we'd go to shoveling in dirt. On top of 'em you know. But then later on when {X} great big thing you know of metal Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} flat like about each corner Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: You've seen you know those I know. And it has a thing you just clip a little thing you know and then you let it down. Well the first one ever I seen I guess it's been fifty fifty-five {X} just {D: attach a man on} little boy's father {X} on my daddy's place and I I helped dig his grave. And uh they that's the first one they ever seen that man {X} {X} I tell you about it his body and he talking about it and he told me that he wanted a {X} tried out. It's supposed to be alright. So they set it down {X} and this man himself was about six six or six seven {X} and a lot of 'em seven foot younger ones. And he pressed this button that thing fell just {NS} hit the ground just like {X} it didn't hold, and then it go do what it's supposed to do. And they just {D: like to died. You never heard such cantering in your life} {D: gotta let it fall} But there wasn't a thing the undertaker could do about it all these folks to mash that button and release {X} let it down but then they do now you know they just do that thing even some of 'em mash a button still and they just go down to the slow you know then they have {X} get 'em down {D: right even} with the grave now most people do. And then they'll they'll leave something over it and then people the people go off {X} their folks I mean folks would go get in the car and ride off something or other you know, then they they'll let it down {X} colored people covers 'em up now you know graveyards and they fix 'em up. Then these family people would come back Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And look it over see the flowers place some flowers on it {X} gone and bring 'em back. But I like to see it I don't I don't know what they'll do to me though. I don't reckon it makes any difference. But I'd like 'em stay there and see me put me in the ground. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Not get up and ride off. But most everybody does now. Don't even stay to watch it. Don't want to stay. They used to build a the high road here now I could tell you about that. When they's building that highway {D: thirty-one cars} They built it with mules, of course, and scoots. Interviewer: Mules and what? 330: Scoots. To haul move the dirt with, just just a I got one down in my barn scoot. Farm scoot we called 'em. That's what they had and those mules pulled that singletree of course {X} to it and they'd just pull it big niggers would hold them handles had a little handle go in there on the side {D: a cup} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Something like that all clamped over. And they'd hold it down and load that scoot and the colored guy would {X} most of 'em was colored labor and they'd stay right there and and the men would come right behind 'em just a great line of mules Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And they'd load 'em and haul that dirt. Move it and build that build these roads. I seen 'em build that one and I seen 'em build this one from Franklin into Nashville. My time. They'd build 'em with scoots. And uh {D: we side over there a bunch of water} working us boys had old Jim over there colored {X} we all was watch ball games over there and {X} I had a lot of friends course I never did get to go to school or any but I I was pretty friendly over there with 'em the young generation you know so we decide we'd have a boxing match. {NS} And this two colored people from Florida one of 'em great big nigger colored guy one was small. And we had some {X} boxing they'd go put on their {D: exhibition they said} and charge us a dollar we charged them about a dollar a piece to come in the gym. We had us take five or six hundred people in there that maybe a thousand, I don't know. You never saw such a {X} people. #1 You could hardly walk in there. # Interviewer: #2 yes # 330: And {X} gym floor you know had rope had it roped off course these boys that {X} knew how to fix everything we were gonna give the one the colored guy that uh won the money all the money. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: So {X} a little bigger nigger said he he'd take him on. He didn't believe that the big nigger'd hit him {D: believe he could work him} and it went on I don't know {X} one round maybe two rounds that little bit colored guy got up on that old big nigger and he just hit jostling him all in the chest face {X} chin nose old big one just spitting and so you never see this {X} {D: back} and finally he just come around like that {X} and he hit that little nigger right up under there Interviewer: {X} 330: And he just went spinning in the air and hit the floor he laid there we thought he'd killed him. And we run out there to help get him up we told him that we wasn't gonna we wouldn't disqualify him {X} we just we just like we tried to let him go back in, that was wasn't a fair punch. It's just a oh side punch. {D: hit him} Interviewer: That's not legal? 330: He said it was but I {X} tried to get him to fight again you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: He said no sir boss said I'll take said I's ain't going back in, just give all that money to that big nigger says I's ain't going back in there now. Said I don't want all that money but we did give him part of it. We we didn't give the big one all of it. We give him some. But he wasn't fixing to let us get him back in that ring {D: said oh he saw diamonds and} stars when that big nigger's hit him him he said. He didn't want said he'd like to see some more diamonds but he didn't want to stand that kind of lick cuz Interviewer: {NW} {C: tape overlaid} Okay um say if you had some really nice dishes chances are they'd be made out of 330: Uh I pure china Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever see an egg made out of this? 330: Of what? Interviewer: An egg made out of this? 330: Out of dishes? Interviewer: Out of this china. 330: No. No I never did see that. Seen eggs {NS} Interviewer: Okay um let's see what what would you use to carry food to the pigs in? 330: In the just any kind of feed you mean, or slop? Interviewer: Yeah, slop. What would you 330: Slop buckets. Interviewer: Okay. And what would you use to fry eggs in now? 330: Skillets. Interviewer: Okay does that have little legs on it? 330: The skillet? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Uh-uh. Interviewer: It's just flat. 330: Flat skillet with a handle. Interviewer: Okay. And if you wanted to plant some flowers to grow in the house, um what sort of container what would you call the container that you planted 'em in? 330: Well it uh it's a little uh jar of thing, a crock kinda we got we have some of 'em here I could have a little hole in the bottom Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: For water drain out of you know when you feed it with water drain out of it I guess you'd call 'em {NS} I don't know, let me ask my wife. That's what I'd call it. Flower little flower pot. I guess that'd be Interviewer: Yeah. 330: About what you'd call it. But uh they uh about that big around I got a bunch of 'em right there on the back porch now sitting out there. Did you ever gonna plant some {X} and the she just pours water in there you know and that little hole it'll go feed on out goes out of it when it {X} I guess that's what that hole is for, feed out of. Interviewer: Okay what about um if you went out and cut some flowers you'd put them in a {C: audio missing} and if um the things that you eat with, to set the table you everyone has a plate, then everyone has a 330: Fork knife spoon Interviewer: Okay. Um so so you say a spoon and a fork and a 330: And a knife. Interviewer: Okay. Um {NS} and you said 330: Napkin of course you use give each person with a napkin you know. Interviewer: Okay you say after she washes the dishes, then she what them in clear water? 330: She washed 'em in uh uh uh the detergent waters something you know dish water that Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: She pumped in there. My mother had {X} {D: don't use no soap, just} detergent {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} {X} get on her hands, she uses {X} Interviewer: Then after 330: Then she had a grill she sets 'em in to let 'em drain and dry you know. Interviewer: But to get all the detergent off 'em she what them? 330: #1 Dries 'em. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: #1 Wipes 'em. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: #1 With a cloth. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Runs clear water over them then she 330: Runs clear water over them then take this cloth and dries 'em then she puts 'em in this Interviewer: What do you call it when she's running the clear water over them? You say she's she washes them and then she 330: She she washes 'em in that d- detergent water then she runs uh then she clear water I guess rinse 'em. Rinsed 'em off, that's what I'd Interviewer: So you say she 330: She rinsed 'em off with clear water. Interviewer: Okay. Um what do you call the cloth or rag that you use when you're washing dishes? 330: Well I'd call it a dish rag. Interviewer: Okay. Um and what about when you're drying them? 330: Well that's a I uh would be a drying cloth Interviewer: Okay. And what do you call a little cloth you use when you're um bathing your face? 330: Uh washrags Interviewer: Okay. And after you take your bath you dry yourself off with a 330: In a towel with a bath towel. Interviewer: And to turn on the water at the sink you turn on the 330: Faucet. Interviewer: Okay. Would you call it the same thing if it were outside? And you hooked your hose up to it? 330: The faucet? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Yeah we have faucets out there. I got have a hose {X} you got one out yonder in the yard faucet you know got the hose we you could put sometimes we'll have two fifty foot hose on there to water something you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Now then I have a big spring down there that pumps it up here got a pump pump laying under the water. I never did I've got my well fixed up before way I use it for years. And uh but this other one spring fixed up, it's a great big spring water Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Come by the {X} out from under the hill up there. In a sandbox then carried over put them in this {D: rudder boy} they're pumps laying on concrete blocks. And that's the way it pumps. And then I got a big trough rudder board below water runs off and what my cattle drinks out of. Interviewer: You you just have one trough? 330: Huh? Interviewer: You just have 330: Just have one trough where the cattle drinks. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Out there. Course I've got twigs running through branches all through my {X} that drink out down there but that thing with this big got two big springs down there. But one of 'em has got a box big concrete box concrete bottom in it then it runs off in there and they drink they even got to go down stick your head in it and then drink, you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {X} quite a few of 'em can drink at one time. It's a great big thing, holds twelve I reckon five or twelve hundred gallon of water. Interviewer: What do you what would you call a sink that you put food in for the hogs? 330: Hogs? Troughs. Hog troughs. Interviewer: You say it was so cold last night that our water pipes 330: Frozen. Interviewer: Yeah and did what they froze and 330: Busted? Interviewer: Okay. And you say if you stuck a pin in a balloon it would 330: Bust. Interviewer: Okay. Um what did say forty-five fifty pounds of lard used to come in? 330: Lard stands. Interviewer: Okay. Do you talk about molasses stands too? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Yeah molasses stand was just a small one you put your molasses in to have one used to sit on the table used to we used to have molasses stand our {X} what I what I'm going to all I know of it had a little thing to mash down and you let 'em run click then you {X} what you think you need one you know you just {X} get your thumb up that cuts 'em off. Interviewer: How how much molasses would a stand hold? 330: About a quart I'd say. About a quart. Interviewer: What about lard? 330: {X} quart might not have might and a lard stand? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: It lard stand hold about six gallons I'd say. We'd put we still buy those and put 'em in every year, put our lard in. Interviewer: Okay. Um suppose you wanted to pour something from a big container, say a pitcher of something into a a container with a real narrow mouth. 330: Now it'd have to have a funnel. Interviewer: Okay. And suppose you were driving horses and you wanted 'em to go faster, you might hit 'em with a 330: Whip. Interviewer: Okay. And if you bought some food at the store the grocer would put it in a 330: Sacks. Interviewer: Okay. What would that be made out of? 330: Well it'd just uh uh it's wood out of wood the way I understand it {NS: rooster crows} a sack is, ain't it? {NS: rooster crows} Made out of wood papers and everything don't it come out of wood? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I don't know what kind of wood, I never did see it made. Interviewer: Yeah but it's paper anyway, not cloth? 330: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever call anything besides a sack? Did you ever call it poke paper poke? 330: Paper poke? Pep paper Interviewer: Huh? 330: A pep is a paper pep or something do you mean like it's you said paper poke? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I believe I've heard it called paper pep a pep {NS:rooster crows} Interviewer: Pep? 330: {D: seem to me like} Interviewer: Hmm. 330: I don't know. Maybe maybe you're right. I don't know too much about that. Interviewer: {X} say that 330: I've heard some people call it paper pep. But I I don't know whether that's right or wrong. Interviewer: Okay how what did flour used to come in? 330: {X} in sacks little sacks. Made cloth sacks. Interviewer: Okay. And what about seed or feed what would that come in? 330: They come in they's come in uh in uh burlap sacks. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And now they just {D: by now a} thing of the past, they got so high you know? They put 'em in plastic bags now. Feed in plastic bags. Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Did you ever call it anything besides burlap sack? 330: Uh well we had a we we had a one a one we used to go down to the mill with call it a mill sack. It's really good thing {D: it was high back in the young days} they cost you here I think about a dollar back in my young days. But that was a real sack. And then we sell our corn and go to the mill Interviewer: How much corn would you take? 330: Usually took about a bushel, a bushel and a half. Interviewer: What would you call that? 330: A ten corn, shell corn? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: We they have a mill a grist mill Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {D: fellow had a grist mill to brine it with} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Well {X} kept wheat. I used to plant way back years ago I planted my own wheat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And {X} I got it threshed Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: At {X} mill. And I sell the miller all but what I figured it would take to run us. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And what I think it take to run us I'd bring me a hundred pound maybe back a hundred fifty pound back and leave the rest of it at the mill. And if I needed flour I'd go get me some more. {D: either way} And I and they always kept plenty, I never did have to buy none out of the store. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {D: but to have on it} but all those mills did away, burned up or what {D: own river} {X} what they they either burned up or one just decayed or I believe oh somebody said the one out here about on the Duck River {X} somebody or other maybe. I never was out to Kingston mill I believe you call it something maybe they maybe they might still make a little I don't know. But that's the only one that I've ever heard of. The rest of 'em all I know of is just used to be one right here down on the river one or two of 'em on the Duck River they all gone. No such thing now. I don't reckon anybody raises wheat and cares to a mill. You know like I did. We all everybody I wasn't the only one. Everybody did. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} wheat get a truck {D: hire a} truck. {NS} and carried up there and unloaded it, weigh it up and test it see what kinda {D: grade is on} {X} high tested {X} flour per bushel they'd give you you know. They they'd make two two different kinds of flour there {X} daisy and {X} lily {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And daisy's supposed to be the best one, course we always got the best. Daisy flour {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: {X} How much wheat would you take? 330: I'd take about uh twenty-five bushels, thirty something like that. {X} bread Interviewer: Okay {X} 330: I mean I'd keep about that much course we'd take all we made you know. We'd sell the rest of it at the end. Interviewer: The corn you take, maybe you take one bushel or two bushels or 330: We'd take over there usually about a bushel or bushel and a half to the mill, and get 'em to grind it. Interviewer: But did you ever have a word for the amount you'd take whether not talking about it's one bushel or one and a half bushels or whatever did you ever have just another word you'd use? Did you ever say I'm gonna take a 330: So many pounds, or Interviewer: Yeah did you ever use the word turn? 330: Turn? Interviewer: Turn of corn? 330: Turn of corn yeah. Interviewer: What what does that mean? 330: Well that just uh that just uh I reckon most {X} yeah that's what they what they if somebody asked you where you going say I'm going to take a turn of corn to the mill. Yeah I say that a million times. I don't know why we say it but that's what they was taught all of our fathers, you know, grandfathers say it. Won't you take a turn of corn to the mill today what my daddy tell me. Well I know what that meant said go down there he finally bought us a corn sheller. Just stick turn a handle like a {D: sawmill} {D: did you ever see a little old sawmill} grind something well that's where they kinda much like corn sheller this corn sheller you'd could clamp it on the box or something other Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And just stick an ear of corn up there in it and it'd just shell it right off and the cob would go off over here in the box another box {X} corn would go another place. Interviewer: Yeah. Do you use the cob for anything? 330: Well like I said, a lot of 'em made kindling out of 'em and Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And oh I never did. But I know other people kept 'em to build fires with cob they'd soak 'em in the kerosene and put 'em up Interviewer: Animals can't eat the cob at all, can they? 330: Well you could now now there's a lot of people lot of people crush 'em and feed 'em to cows. I don't see there'd be a lot of {X} but it wouldn't hurt 'em I don't guess. I've seen people {D: buy crushed cobs} Interviewer: Hmm. 330: I never have. Never think it benefited. Interviewer: Yeah. What would you call the amount of wood that you'd carry in both your arms? 330: Uh armful of wood. Interviewer: Okay. And say nowadays if a light burned out in one of your well that thing you have sitting on the table there. What do you call that? 330: Lamp. Interviewer: Yeah but that you screw into the lamp. 330: Bulb. Interviewer: Okay what kind of bulb? 330: Uh uh a light bulb. Interviewer: Okay. Um and if you wanted to carry the wash out to hang it on the line, you'd carry it out in a clothes 330: Uh basket. Interviewer: Okay. And what did nails used to come in? 330: Nails used to come in nail kegs. Interviewer: Okay. And what would run what would you call the thing that runs around the barrel to hold the wood in place? 330: Stave staves. Interviewer: But the thing that would hold that in place. 330: There there was there was a stave at the a little old thin metal thing would run around there and clamp right on. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And there's I have seen some of 'em have a wire Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And twisted it so it'd stick on 'em. Around those barrels, hold 'em together. Interviewer: Did you ever hear that called something else? A 330: Uh the the the those metal things to hold it together? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Uh I I think clamps Interviewer: Yeah. Did you ever hear you know women maybe this was before your time but women had these big dresses that'd come out what what would hold them out? 330: Uh I I never did see I've heard of 'em but I never did see. They were oh mighty long {X} I never did see none. Uh some kind of was it bustle? Uh bustle? Interviewer: No I'm thinking about something round. That would go around 330: Great big Interviewer: Yeah. Do you say hoops or hoops 330: Hoops? Interviewer: Yeah. Did you ever hear that? Did you ever hear that talking about a barrel? 330: Talking about wheat? Interviewer: Either the dress or the barrel, the word hoops or hoops. 330: I guess I I may have heard might have heard of hoops I don't know. I never did I don't remember anything about 'em. Interviewer: Okay if you opened a bottle of something and you didn't want the liquid to spill out, you'd stick in a 330: The cork back in? Interviewer: Okay. And this is a musical instrument. You play and you go like this. 330: {NW} Jew's harp. Interviewer: Okay but that's that you twang. 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay what about 330: French harp. Interviewer: Okay um and what do you call a thing that you hit nails with 330: Hammers. Interviewer: Okay. And if you have a wagon and two horses what do you call the long wooden piece that comes between the horses? {NS} 330: The uh coupling pole oh tongue you're talking about {X} {X} tongue Interviewer: What's that other thing you mentioned? 330: Coupling pole what holds the back in the wheels to the front one. Couple pole. Just like your tongue only it runs back there and you gotta put a bolt in Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: And that holds 'em together. You can make a have a bed then that sits on it you know. Interviewer: I see. 330: We don't see many wa- more wagons now, like that you know they don't exist. Been gone for years. Interviewer: What um say if you have a horse pulling a buggy before you hitch him up you have to back him in between the 330: Shafts. Interviewer: Okay. And talking about the parts of the wagon wheel now say you start in the middle you know with you call that the hu- 330: Hub. Interviewer: Then the spokes come out and what do they 330: Rim. Interviewer: Okay. And what what goes over the rim? 330: Tire. Interviewer: Okay. Is there another part that um let's see the spokes fit into the is there another name for is there another 330: Hub. Interviewer: Yeah but 330: Hub is one place down there Interviewer: Yeah {X} 330: And then Interviewer: for the rim is there 330: Uh that's what I I called it. The wagon rim. Interviewer: You ever hear {D: felt} 330: Fell? Interviewer: Felly or fellower {D: felly or} 330: I reckon I've heard 'em called I might have heard that heard called heard 'em called but I woulda called 'em rim wagon rim but there might have been maybe some people did call 'em that you know. Interviewer: No this is something it's different from the rim, it's something that just it's just got two spoke holes or it's just it's a different piece from the rim. 330: It is a different piece? Interviewer: I think so. But I don't if you've never heard that word then felly or fell? 330: I don't believe I've ever heard of Interviewer: Okay um now suppose there was a log across the road, you'd say I tied a chain to it and I 330: Drug it across. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd say we have what quite a few logs out of this road we have 330: Uh we have uh we you say we have a bunch of 'em on the road? Interviewer: Yeah. We um if I have what 330: We {X} the logs Interviewer: But I have tied a chain around and logs and I have what many logs out of this road I have 330: Have drug 'em out of the road Interviewer: Okay. Um and what do you call the the thing that the wheels of the wagon fit into that goes across 330: Wheel the the the axle? Interviewer: Okay. And you mentioned plows the other day. Is what would you use to break up the ground, break up those clods? After you plowed? 330: Well uh after turn it uh used a {X} {X} rollers used to be Interviewer: What kinds of harrows are there? 330: Huh? Interviewer: What kinds of harrows are there? 330: Ki- what kinda {X} Interviewer: Harrows 330: Harrows? Oh just a you could get could get a iron a metal harrow with little teeth in it, or you could we back in my day when we were young we had a blacksmith would build 'em out of uh oak {D: four each oak} and then he'd bore holes down through these things {X} and then he'd get those teeth and push 'em in there, drive 'em in there. And they would really tear the ground up. They was heavy. {D: little steel harrows you'd have to put} you know a lot of weight on 'em {X} {X} real heavy {D: pulley charred point} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: All around it and that was old run over hopped and he would uh crush his {X} that {X} would. I never did own one of those, my father never did neither. But I borrowed a lot of 'em you know getting ground for a little seed in good shape you know? It'd just pack it just pack that thing was really heavy. And it'd just mash that ground down just like you'd want to get it down fine for little seeds you know, to have seed bed. {C: tape overlaid} Interviewer: What would you if you wanted to saw a log chop chop a log, what would you set that on? 330: A to to saw it? Interviewer: Uh-huh. Or chop it. 330: Well uh Interviewer: Did you ever see anything shaped like this? 330: Mm-hmm. Horses. {C: tape overlaid} I guess you just sit there like that then lay up in there {X} {D: saw 'em} yeah I've that's what I called 'em, horses. I used to we used 'em many ways to buildings houses, too. You'd lay 'em up something up in there horse you know and have legs on it {X} your back rested you know we used to I sawed {X} just hand saw it just cut nowadays they have electric saws you know band saws they call 'em. It runs and they you just cut a piece off just like that people cut 'em off I'd saw sometimes saw deep {X} look like {X} {X}