330: {X} walked out on the steps {X} steps try and come up I didn't think about it. He wasn't he never had been scared of nothing just wasn't {X} scared of anything {NS} only way in the world I {X} this this granary had a metal tin top on it and I had 'em hit {NS} that and he must have thought that thing was coming through {X} when you blow it so {X} wasn't no {C: rooster crowing} I don't expect was as much as fifty feet from the track {X} {D: but he know} {X} {X} but that guy reached up and pull that whistle down scared him to death {NS} well where were we at when you were signed off? Interviewer: Um talking about animals {C: rooster crows} um this is a kind of black and white animal, and it's got a real strong smell. 330: Pole cat skunks. Interviewer: Okay. They're the same thing? Pole cat 330: Some of 'em call 'em pole cat, some skunk yeah skunks. {X} Interviewer: Okay um suppose some animals had been coming and getting your hens um you didn't know what kind they were 330: {D: what was getting 'em} {C: rooster crows} Interviewer: Yeah. {C: rooster crows} 330: Be more than likely be a possum. Get 'em at night. I guess what what I'd say be a possum. This dog of mine ain't no telling how many he's killed up there, but hen house at night. Interviewer: Really? 330: Yeah he carries 'em {X} in there try to get the hens. He he smells 'em he gets usually gets one of 'em he smell he got the best scent I {X} nose I ever saw course that's that bird dog #1 you know, mother. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: They have the best scent on earth. They can smell stuff that no other dog can even think about smelling. And they all go crazy after chickens, too, birds this nasty {X} you know never did see a bird dog that wouldn't kill a chicken. Little chicken. Interviewer: Yeah. Bird dogs like them okay but suppose some animals had been coming and getting your hens and maybe it was a possum, maybe it was something else. You'd you didn't know exactly what it was but but you might say I'm gonna get me a gun and kill those 330: Uh I'm gonna kill those varmints. Get those varmints, whatever you call {X} I guess I'll say I'll have to kill 'em. Interviewer: What does the word varmint mean? 330: Some just a I guess just a some kinda like you said an animal just could be a fox or could be a a pole cat could be a possum or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Coon or anything. Could be. #1 You know whatever # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: was getting 'em, you'd just have to guess at it. But we usually my we most time it's a possum. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I think skunks eat you know do, too, I believe they catch chick small chickens I'd guarantee that they would. But I don't know whether they catch old ones or not. Interviewer: You wouldn't say that rats and mice are varmints, would you? 330: No, that'd be a different wouldn't it be under a different something else? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} Interviewer: Um what about something that'll get up in the treetops this little bushy tail down 330: Coon? Interviewer: No it's real plain thing you 330: #1 Squirrel? # Interviewer: #2 see in the # City 330: #1 Squirrel? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. What kinds of squirrels are there? 330: Well I see fox squirrels here in my lawn and then they have gray ones too but I haven't had gray ones, I got the two little fox squirrels two old fox squirrels living with their young Interviewer: #1 yeah # 330: #2 they # come all around the house, set up bark eat corn with the chickens, and dogs run out sometimes get excited cuz they think they're gonna catch one of 'em, he just jumps up over 'em Interviewer: What color is the fox squirrel? 330: They're look like a groundhog reddish. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: White little white streak down the face. Old ones they got a white streak down the front face like that Interviewer: What about something smaller than a squirrel? It has a little can't really climb a tree 330: Ground squirrels? Interviewer: Yeah what do they look like? 330: Uh they uh they fly they got a they can fly. Interviewer: They can? 330: Yeah. They'll fly now that's what I'm what I got in mind is a ground squirrel, can fly. He He'll fly if you get crowding him {X} go somewhere else. And they'll fly tree to tree and just go right on in. Little they're small. They look sorta like a bat. Family like. Interviewer: yeah 330: Ground squirrels do. Interviewer: Are they the ones with that little white stripe down its back? 330: Mm-hmm. {NS} That's what I've seen 'em I've seen a lot of different there may be some several different kinds but they're they're no good for anything that I know of. At all Interviewer: yeah 330: but they we have a few of 'em. You don't see too many. Really rare as a thing to see. Ground squirrel. Interviewer: Um have you ever heard of a boomer? 330: Boomer. Interviewer: Yeah a squirrel called a boomer. 330: No I never have {C: tape distorts} called boomer Interviewer: What sort of fish do you get around here? 330: Well we get uh a blue cat {D: how cat} yellow cat bass rock bass trout suckers little mud cats sun perch crappie blue gills um that's about I guess that's getting close to 'em {X} might be some a few I missed but I reckon Interviewer: #1 yeah # 330: #2 I # named most of 'em. {NS} Interviewer: Um what do pearls come in? 330: What do what? Interviewer: Pearls come in 330: Coals Interviewer: Pearls 330: Coals Interviewer: No pearls it's it grow in these things that 330: Oh pearls you #1 said? # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: Yeah uh they come in shells. Interviewer: What kinda shells? 330: Um well {X} some of 'em they they get 'em out of these uh things you get out of the ocean what do you call 'em oysters? Oysters I guess, oyster shells. Interviewer: Okay. Um and this is something that you might hear making a noise around the pond at night. 330: Frogs bull frogs Interviewer: Okay. 330: {NW} you ever see any of 'em? Interviewer: I think so. Big old 330: People eat 'em. I I never I never we never did I never did kill mine I've got some up well got one I got a couple of ponds up there on the one {D: highway just getting dirt in 'em} {X} get me any {D: and dug one now beneath the pond} they dug the pond from it and I've heard some up there I bet you as big as big as my hat nearly. They holler {NW} {NW} {NW} {NW} {X} some of these boys get 'em overnight Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They go up there with a flashlight and gig 'em Interviewer: When will they get 'em? 330: Gig 'em with a flashlight Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Little gig little prongs on it, and they'll get up over that {X} catch 'em like that put 'em in the sack and bring 'em in Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They have frog supper then. Interviewer: When when do they go get 'em? 330: Usually little I reckon along about now {X} usually this time of the year when they go to catching 'em sometime after it gets get a little warmer we don't I never did fool with 'em at all. I've caught 'em {X} for fish and throw 'em out {X} when I was young Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: When river {X} pulls the two of us one on each end {D: same the staff} and pull it come up we have a whole bunch of good fish in there take 'em out grow it on wouldn't take long to fill a sack full. Interviewer: How how would you do that now you'd 330: {D: saint neck} that's a great big wide neck and one pull one end out and one the other they go across the water we always tried to have one on each end of us to drive two keep 'em front of us, they'd get up we'd go up the bank, come up really happen. Interviewer: How would you get the net 330: Get to it Interviewer: How big was the net? 330: #1 Oh around # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: twenty thirty foot long something like that. Twenty thirty I have had one forty. Interviewer: Do you have weights on it? 330: Weighed the water Mm-hmm just catch hold of it like this hands down low and up and hand it up to the top to keep it out try to keep it from jumping over they'd jump over these bass and trout {X} hold it up over the water you'd have to keep block 'em in course catfish and most any other kind didn't, weren't no trouble, you just gonna {X} pick 'em up but those trout would jump it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Fly through the air. More like a bullet. Interviewer: What about a kind of frog that's it's small and doesn't get um doesn't get much bigger than this 330: Tadpoles? Frogs? Interviewer: No maybe it stays up in a tree or 330: Oh tree frog? Interviewer: Tree frog. 330: Tree frog. Yeah there's tree frogs. And there's toad frogs too. Interviewer: Are they on land? 330: Mm-hmm. I tell you what I did day before yesterday I can remember as old as I am I don't think I've ever seen anything like that before I went down to the store for something was coming back up the road and a big turtle was coming up the road crawling. Down down below here. I started to run over then I said no poor fellow he's gonna he's gonna hunt water somewhere you just going on up the road, highway. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I don't have no idea where he went to. I never did see one out on the highway traffic before in my life Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Uh they go in the sand lay their eggs and I don't know how long it takes 'em to hatch but then they'll hatch and go to water. Usually. I got some springs up there on the beef calf lot and uh I've seen 'em out a lot of times and get 'em out of the spring and they go down in the bottom in the spring you know lay their eggs. Get them bigger ones out. But I never have killed any of 'em, only leave 'em put 'em back. Interviewer: Yeah. What's something similar to that that stays on land? 330: Terrapins? Dry land terrapins? Mm-hmm. Terrapin. Stays out on land. Looks kinda like that turtle Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Little back hard shell on his back. Interviewer: tell me about something that you might find in a um find in a stream that's it's got a little hard shell and it's got these little claws to it. 330: Eel? Interviewer: No it's got it's got a hard shell and claws. If you touched it's only about this big or something it's biggest well maybe it'd get to be this big but you um if you touched it it'll swim away from you {X} tail that'll go under {C: tape distorts} 330: {C: tape distorts} can't imagine what that would be. A eel Interviewer: No okay say say you went and into a stream and picked up a rock what might you find 330: Oh crawfish Interviewer: #1 crawfish # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: yeah crawfish yeah {D: best thing stream or water} {X} springs they'll keep 'em cleaned out for you. They met sometimes they have no {X} the water. Crawfish will. Dig a place dip 'em and turn your water. Interviewer: What do you mean turn your water? 330: Just turn the stream it runs under earth you know water veins just like it runs on the on the top Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And uh sometimes they'll change a stream #1 crawfish # Interviewer: #2 Oh really? # 330: will yeah. They just work I could dig could go down there with concrete boxes for mine by the water comes out then goes in then goes in the reservoir best big {X} things as big setting in there now as big as your fist now. They come up in them pipes and run off in there Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They can't get out. Just live in there. {C: tape overlaid} And as far as I'm concerned they can just stay on Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Don't ever try to get 'em out. Interviewer: What about what about what you'd dig up to go fishing 330: Bait worms. Interviewer: Are there different kinds of those? 330: Well they call 'em a a crawler and uh something else, two different names. Interviewer: What's a crawler look like? 330: It's a it's a a it's a I think it's a I believe that's a little larger bait worm. It is. Some of 'em are smaller, you know, and others are and I believe the crawler is the is the larger one. I believe it is I may have 'em reversed reversed, I don't know. One of 'em is a crawler, and the other is a might be just called a bait worm, I don't know. And they call one of 'em a crawler. I know. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Course we bought some the other day went fishing in the lake. I usually go once a year or something take off we went that whole day Monday caught some blue cat and he called 'em crawlers and and I've heard it said sneakers or slickers or something or other {X} we bought two different boxes anyway. That's what we caught our cat with. Interviewer: Um this is something you might find you well you find in the ocean or the gulf it's um it's a little sea animal it's not a fish exactly. It's got 330: Frog fish? Interviewer: No what's a frog fish? 330: I caught one out there in the ocean said there's a frog fish some guy I was afraid to take the thing off, I never seen nothing look like it. Interviewer: What did it blow blow itself up? 330: Uh-huh. #1 That that would be a a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: it it it looks like kinda like a frog part of it and #1 part of it looks like # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: fish Interviewer: Yeah. 330: This one did. And and and I never seen 'em, I told I wouldn't think to take it off the hook this fellow fishing there lived there right below me he'd taken it off. He called it a frog fish, I don't know {X} Interviewer: There's some of those that are poison. That they're they're really dangerous. That they sell to put in aquariums? And I've seen 'em one about two or three inches long, and you could hardly tell he'd just be down at the bottom. But he was really 330: #1 Deadly # Interviewer: #2 {X} # If you stepped on him or something. 330: Deadly part. Interviewer: yeah 330: Well this fellow the man and his wife were fishing right below me Robert he was a boy he'd buy his tobacco with us we would go out there together. And he was sitting right below me then this friend {X} I was staying with he was right up above me. I caught that thing then uh I caught a flounder. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: You should have saw those. #1 Flounder? they eat # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: They eat they're good eating fish. And that was the funniest looking thing that ever I seen in my life. I couldn't get the I was pulling {NS} {X} and got up in the {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And this fellow told me right below me fishermen lived there he said if I let him he'd just land him he's got him out. I was just trying to drag him out. you know with my line. I thought it was gonna be big. And that one that thing didn't like I didn't like the looks of it at all, I never had caught one, never seen one. Interviewer: Both eyes on his 330: {X} On his #1 on that side. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Yeah. How'd you catch him? With a hook? 330: Hook yeah. Interviewer: I've been down Mississippi they go out and they'll a certain time of year they'll come in and you go out in water it's only about knee deep or so and you take your light and and a little spear thing and you just try to jab 'em. 330: You just gig 'em in like we do with #1 frogs. # Interviewer: #2 But you gotta # watch it because you might get a stingray. You know those black things with the tail? They look the same almost, from a distance. 330: I never did I never have had too much dealing with the ocean. I don't aim to have much more dealing with it either Interviewer: #1 Not having a boat # 330: #2 {D: I'm gonna let somebody else} # Interviewer: Trip, huh? 330: Somebody had {X} Interviewer: What about something that you'd buy it's white and it's got a little thin shell on it and the way they catch it is they go out and take these nets drag these nets and catch a lot of 'em. And now you can buy it in a store. Probably frozen. Or if it was fresh it'd have the the shell on it but 330: That that's a crabs? That crab? Interviewer: No I'm thinking of something else. {X} They drag with a net. You could use it for bait, too. 330: Is that right? Interviewer: Yeah. {NS} 330: It would be a snail or some kinda thing Interviewer: No I'm thinking of shrimp 330: Shrimp oh it'd be shrimp? Is it shrimp? All the people my boys has crazy things about those everything in the world, I never did {D: care about those} but he he eats 'em every time he goes to town, near about. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Shrimp. Interviewer: You'd go to the store say and ask for two or three pounds of 330: Shrimp. Interviewer: Okay. Um okay now these are some insects um it's a thing they'll fly around a light and try to fly into it. 330: Outside light? Interviewer: If you grab 'em, powder will come off in your hand. 330: That's that's lightning bug. Interviewer: No I'm thinking of something else, so it's attracted to light. So if you left your porch light on outside they'd come up there and fly all around 330: Uh Interviewer: And if you grabbed it this powder would come off you know? 330: And it wouldn't be it ain't lightning bugs it ain't it's a is it some kinda big fly? {X} Interviewer: Sort of I guess 330: Huh? Interviewer: I guess. 330: Sort of like a butterfly? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I know I've seen a great big butterflies like fly around out out there at night now that may not be what you Interviewer: You ever heard of a candle fly or a milner 330: Mm-mm. Yeah. Mm-hmm. Caterpillars candle flies Interviewer: What's a candle fly? 330: Candle fly? That's sort of like uh sorta like that butterfly and caterpillars is a same as a worm like {NS} and eats leaves off fruit trees or any kind of trees if they can get on it. Most stay on fruit trees though. Caterpillars build a nest in there {X} just a big uh looks like a anything else only it's it's a {X} around and they go in it. And build it now and they have a hole to come out of and they'll eat every one of those leaves off the fruit tree if you don't get 'em burn 'em get off of 'em. Pull it off. Kill your trees. Interviewer: What'll get in your wool clothes and eat holes in 'em? 330: Uh moth. Moths. Interviewer: What what would you do to get rid of them? 330: Get moth balls and put in 'em Interviewer: Okay. Um this is something you might find around the oh around damp places, it's it's an insect, it's got two pairs of shiny wings and it's um it's got a long thin beak hard hard beak and it's got well you just find it flying around and around a stream or some place 330: Mosquitos? Interviewer: No it's supposed to eat mosquitos. 330: It is? Interviewer: Yeah. Some people would say this is 330: Hornet? Interviewer: Huh? 330: Hornet? Interviewer: No so this is something people would say that this is a sign that snakes are nearby. 330: Uh {X} sign that snakes is in your barn? Interviewer: Um you ever heard of a snake some kind of insect called snake something snake 330: Lizards? Interviewer: You ever heard of snake doctors? 330: #1 Yeah yeah I've seen snake doctors they say # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: snake doctors is the little black {NS} uh uh looks like a wasp thing flies around out in the lot you know places Interviewer: Uh-huh 330: I've seen 'em all my life. We called 'em snake doctors. Interviewer: Snake doctors. 330: Mm-hmm. That's what I've always #1 called 'em. # Interviewer: #2 How many # wings do they have? 330: Just two. Two wings. Interviewer: Is that the same as do you know what a dragonfly is? 330: {X} a what? Interviewer: Dragonfly? 330: No I never have heard Interviewer: Or mosquito hawk or 330: I I never have seen no mosquitos till I went up there to North Carolina, they like to eat me up out there at night. {D: they had to spray on me} every night Interviewer: Yeah. What kinda insects will sting you? 330: Wasp hornet bee bumblebee and and honeybee and and uh Interviewer: What about something that'll build a nest on the ground? 330: Huh? Interviewer: What about something that'll build a nest 330: That's yellow jackets. Interviewer: Yellow jacket. 330: {NW} {X} they'll eat you up I had 'em right here a bunch of 'em in my yard right here I think it's last year Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And I like never got them things whipped out I had to tear the wall down out there get 'em out and they'd try to eat me up. They kept stinging the children you know grandchildren and they'd carry on so I just tore the wall down {C: tape noise} got 'em got the thingy nest outta there. Great big nest I reckon it was that big back in there and they I think I had 'em {X} had 'em all killed I swear I'd got 'em I getting me a lot of newspapers set the fire and just put it out there then stun 'em up and they'd fly right into that and it'd burn 'em just that Interviewer: #1 quick you know hit 'em # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: and but then then they'd after my newspapers burn up {C: rooster crows} here come more {C: rooster crows} {X} bring some in there to eat 'em feed 'em you know Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And then what would would get me oh they fight you and bite you {C: rooster crows} and sting too I guess the yellow jacket is the worst thing you'd have to deal with. The way they sting you, bite you. Interviewer: What about something that might build a nest at the corner of a barn or something? 330: Wasps. Corner of the barn. Interviewer: What was that? 330: Wasp. Red wasp. Build a nest all over Interviewer: yeah 330: barn they do up in he barn. They sting, too. Interviewer: How many how many of them would say be in a nest? 330: Wasps? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They fill that nest full of their eggs and they hatch. It's a great big they'll I've seen 'em as big as my two hands {X} if you don't tear 'em down. I try to keep 'em tear 'em down. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I don't know how many they would hatch if you didn't tear it down but I've had 'em all and I've seen 'em in trees hanging in trees as big as your head. {X} Interviewer: Yeah. 330: but anymore we put in hay you got to be put ticks don't they'll eat you up up in there. They only rafters where they build 'em you know tin sheet something or other {X} in the top of the barn, where they usually try to build 'em. Now you may be talking about something else Interviewer: No that's what I was thinking of. Have you ever been stung by one? 330: Yeah makes you sometimes it makes you sick enough to die. Some people Annie's got a brother had to carry him to the doctor every time one stings him, just goes out. But they never did they hurt but I mean they never have bo- they'll swell me up if they sting me in the face, or on the hand further way up but other than that I never did Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Always just get something put on it. Interviewer: And you call those 330: Wasps. Interviewer: Okay. What about something that'll build a little mud nest? 330: A mud nest? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Is that a kind of a bee like you're talking about #1 or is it # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: about a bird? Interviewer: Sort of a bee. 330: A bee? That's a a Interviewer: Like on the other side of a rock or something you have a big old rock in like those little cones sort of {X} 330: pardon like I said that yellow jacket builds in the ground or rocks or tree in a hole #1 tree hole or # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: something or other like that, but you want something else Interviewer: It's kind of a wasp, I guess. 330: A yellow jacket is looks kind of like one {C: tape noise} stripe across his body. {C: tape noise} Yellow jacket got a lot of just full of stripes. He's not quite as big as a wasp he's a little #1 smaller. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # This thing'll take pull dirt 330: Oh that dirt dauber. Interviewer: Dirt dauber. 330: {NW} Dirt daubers, yeah. {NW} yeah they build nests uh {X} #1 thing # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: yeah but what I what I had in mind was a there's a bird, too barn swallows. Interviewer: Oh really? 330: Yeah. They build they got a nest down there in over one of my lights in the barn. {X} I know they raise 'em every year, might raise twice a year. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They already done build a nest over that light but build it again, I tear 'em down every fall. But they raise that once or twice every year. And it looks sort of pretty much like a chimney sweeper. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They go in there and get this mud and they come up there and they just just smear it on. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Rub it on. And they'll keep on till they get it fixed like they want and then they lay eggs in it the mother'll lay eggs in there and they hatch out. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And she'll get up there and sit up on that light and feed them birds. Beats anything I ever seen. That nest'll get bigger she take some leaves chimney sweeper will come up in that chimney they probably {X} build some nests regular chimney sweepers up in my chimney. Usually do every summer. I have 'em fall down pick 'em up and throw 'em out Interviewer: Do dirt daubers sting you? 330: Uh-uh, they won't sting you. Never had no {X} Interviewer: Talking about something that you might get on you if you went blackberry picking a little tiny red thing 330: {NW} ah little ol' chiggers. Now that's something pretty rough Interviewer: Is it? 330: Yeah they they scratch you to death now {D: do me I} that's what we gonna have nothing {X} our blackberries have been history I guess course it you know it takes {X} to make 'em {X} {X} it's good I bought a a big jar of blackberry jam yesterday now we've been eating it some I bought I hadn't picked any berries I have a daughter lives in Memphis she every July they take a when her husband get three weeks of vacation and they take one in July one in Christmas one in Thanksgiving. And uh he comes and {X} usually but then the berries last year they dried up at the wrong time they by the time there wasn't any {X} wasn't many of 'em either last year. But now there's an {D: awful lot} of 'em this year. Some don't {X} I like I like the jam and I like the berries, too. Jelly, anything. I really like it jelly. Plums, we have plum trees, I got some {X} wild ones but now they year before last I bet I had fifty bushels of plums. Last year we didn't have any. This time there's there's just killed 'em all, practically, but there's a few scattered left I believe they're gonna be {X} Interviewer: Anything on your what? 330: Faulty, no good. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They just drop off. They I notice they're dropping off now. I don't believe we're gonna have any kind of fruit. At all Interviewer: Yeah. This is an insect that um hops around in the grass 330: Grasshoppers? Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever hear that called hopper grass? 330: Hopper grass? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well I don't know I don't know that I ever heard it called hopper grass but I know about that grasshopper hops around Interviewer: Yeah. What about a small fish that you might use for bait? 330: Just a little bitty minnows Interviewer: Okay. 330: I have {X} for free uh used to be one fellow did dead now, died several years ago. Used to come every year before he went fishing a lot he had a little minnow net he'd go down here in my creek he'd catch a great big sackful of it and take off be gone fishing three or four days and nights. Really get 'em. I guess that's what you referring #1 to # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: course we {X} crawfish like 'em too you know you could go in lakes and catch crawfish {X} I've been uh those Interviewer: Um say if you hadn't cleaned a room in a long time 330: Hadn't done what? Interviewer: If you hadn't cleaned a room in a long time up in the ceiling in the corner you might find a 330: Webs? Spider webs? Interviewer: Spider web? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Is that another name for that? 330: Well some of 'em might call might call 'em cobwebs, I I believe I've heard people call 'em cobwebs Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I always called 'em just webs spiders build 'em. Interviewer: Yeah. Are there spiders living in it then? 330: Yeah I guess they do {D: if you hang it up there} Interviewer: What do you call it when it's outside? Same thing? 330: Mm-hmm yeah I reckon they do build 'em outside you'll see 'em they'll build 'em at night. I've seen 'em put 'em up at night tear 'em down the next morning they'll be up there again. But they'll put 'em back that night, I don't know how they do it. But they do it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: One night they'll build 'em right back. Around the barn Interviewer: Um the part of the tree that's underneath the ground what do you call those? The 330: The root. Interviewer: Okay um I think I asked you this, so whether or not you use some roots for medicine 330: Mm-hmm. Make herbs out of it uh {C: tape noise} I don't know they dig 'em {C: tape noise} I forget what what they call 'em what kind you dig or sassafras roots sa- or saffron make tea dig roots you know have you ever drink {D: sarsaparilla} tea Interviewer: Uh-uh. 330: Well they make they make it I don't like it I've tasted it lot of folks though do drink the stuff instead of drinking tea in the wintertime, and coffee drink {D: sassafras tea} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Dig up them roots and boil 'em and get make tea out of it. And this now and then there's something else you said about there's another kind of something else? Got in mind except for sassafras? Interviewer: No I was just wondering whatever you know you can you know think of, whatever kinds of roots that you remember 330: That's the only root that I know of. It makes makes tea, but uh they they've got they've got another a root uh something that that they get make some kinda medicine out of it. Interviewer: Ginseng? 330: Well the ginseng is {X} I forget how much a pound they do get for it but uh that might have something to do with it, but seems to me like there's another one Interviewer: Yellow root? 330: That don't sound right maybe there might I'm thinking there was another root {NS} Interviewer: {X} you ever heard of squaw vine or {D: sorrow root} 330: Uh no I don't believe I ever have heard Interviewer: Okay you know the kind of tree that you tap for syrup 330: Sugar tree Interviewer: What if you had a group of these growing together? 330: Sugar trees? Interviewer: Yeah a whole a big group of these. 330: What if I had 'em? Interviewer: Yeah what would you call that? 330: Grove maple grove. Interviewer: Okay. And what what are some of the common trees around here? 330: Around here {D: loafers} elms beech hickory willow and uh uh sweet gum we used to have a chestnut {C: tape noise} we don't now don't have anymore well there's a few scattered now get scattered through the country very few. I guess that's about all I they I'm sure there's more of 'em I recall a poplar Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Walnut Interviewer: What about a a tree that's got um it's a shade tree that's got long white limbs and scaly bark it's got these little knobs of balls on it 330: Scaly bark tree? Scaly they called it scaly bark? Uh hickory. #1 Scaly bark hickory # Interviewer: #2 what about # #1 This one # 330: #2 {D: we had we called} # Interviewer: that's got little um balls on it about this big 330: Well now that that's a a {D: wait just a minute now} hickory tree, I call it. Hickory. Interviewer: What about syc- sycamore? 330: Huh? #1 Sycamore # Interviewer: #2 sycamore # 330: yeah we have sycamores. Mm-hmm that's what you were speaking about? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I didn't recall 'em. Yeah. Sycamore grows in water. By water. Wherever you wherever you see a sycamore tree there's water ain't very far {X} don't know whether you knew it or not #1 or been told but # Interviewer: #2 no I- # 330: whenever you find a sycamore tree growing, you dig down, you'll get water won't be far from it. Be water close to it. They won't grow on up land where it's dry. Interviewer: Okay um what kind of tree did George Washington cut down? 330: Cherry tree. Interviewer: Okay um this is a shrub or bush it's got it's sort of tall, it's got it turns bright red in the fall you might find it along fences um it's got little clusters of berries on it 330: Um say it's got has b- b- ha- berries puts out berries? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: Uh would it be blue uh blueberries? Interviewer: Little red berries 330: Red berry? Interviewer: Some people can't eat 'em. Um it's it's a shrub or bush and the leaves turn bright red in the fall and you might find it along a fence or a road growing on a fence it's got little red bunches of 330: Little red bud at the top Interviewer: Bunch 330: #1 Bunch. # Interviewer: #2 little # 330: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # little red berries 330: Dog dogwood? Interviewer: No I'm thinking of {D: soo or shoe} {X} 330: Huh? Interviewer: Sumac or sumac 330: Sumac? There's a sumac. They have a tassel on it but I didn't see know it had any berries on it dogwood has berries on it Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But you don't eat 'em. And this one this one you talking about has berries that people eat? Interviewer: I don't think people can eat 'em. I don't know. Some folks {X} 330: Well um there is a there is a smaller one that has berries and they get black out there turn black and they call 'em {D: halls} I I've eat those the berries I like 'em. Interviewer: Never heard of those. 330: Well I've eaten many of those. Berries {D: halls} good I think Interviewer: What kind of bush does that grow on? 330: It's small, not too big tree small little Interviewer: What's the name of the tree? 330: Uh we call 'em {D: haws} #1 Haw # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 330: trees I guess we call it. Just a berry #1 mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: I've eaten many of 'em Interviewer: What other kind of berries 330: Hmm? Interviewer: What other kind of berries are there? 330: Well I guess that you mean what other kinda berries are there that just a berry? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Well blackberries and raspberries and and uh gooseberries and strawberries Interviewer: Okay Um this is a kind of bush what kind of bush or vines will make your your skin break out if you touch it? 330: Poison oak. Interviewer: What does that look like? How many leaves does it 330: It's just a little {X} leaf Interviewer: A little what? 330: Forked leaf little forked leaf looks like a {X} pretty much like a grapevine only it's different like #1 it's # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: they'll break out on you I've had break out all over me and it gets I've seen I believe {X} kill some people gets it on 'em don't get something done body yeah I've seen several got in terrible shape. By getting it on their body, you know go all over. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I have some a little out there on my wall, I try to clean it all out last year my grandchildren got to getting out there playing got it on 'em Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I took down and pulled it out dug it out but I think it's a little bit more come back out there. {X} Well just nuisance you know you don't need part no {X} Interviewer: Anything else like that? 330: No that's the only kind of well course we have grapevines Interviewer: Yeah 330: Wild grapevines you know summer and winter {D: they put my} they run up trees #1 have have # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: grape fall of year on 'em just the vine then they have a vine here sat out on these highways I don't know what they call that. you know the whole land you've seen 'em I know land keep watching on the highways they look like sweet potato leaves growing only they just cover the whole country up keep all the dirt hill {X} looks like a sweet potato leaf on 'em Interviewer: I think I know what you're talking about. 330: You you've seen 'em #1 I expect. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Do they just sort of take over? 330: I know down yeah uh they put 'em on these I think start 'em on these places where their water little highways and it's you know {X} or something they set 'em out and they just wrap up that take that whole side of the road highway Interviewer: Yeah. 330: I think I've seen down in west Tennessee they have down in there {X} it just everywhere {D: everywhere you go through} {D: is a little grade I saw} it's leveled, it ain't like {X} them places is just just grows up all over the country there prettiest sight you ever seen, look like sweet potato leaves Interviewer: Yeah. 330: But they'll hold your land always had some {X} creeper of mine breaking off sliding off creep go some other way I'm gonna have to have something done about it this summer. Interviewer: Um say if you were walking through the woods and saw some berries and you didn't know what kind they were you might tell someone you better be careful now, those berries might be 330: Poison. Interviewer: Okay. 330: Yeah there there's a berry I'd say I've always heard there's spots of 'em {X} little girl {D: mother we had now} in the yard had a little red berry, looks pretty much like a strawberry Interviewer: Uh-huh. 330: And it's called {X} {D: uh Mister John that's} that's wild strawberries, they're good. Them good, says ain't no harm in them I said Dee you better not eat that thing, that thing's poison. I been told that my whole life I see 'em I've seen some here in my yard. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: They I've always heard they'll kill you. And he thought they just plain old wild strawberries I said no {X} there is a wild strawberry grows in the woods but that that thing is is uh always heard my all my life it's poison. Been told that told all my life it's poison. I wouldn't want to eat one I can pull up a little vine out there in the yard and show you. I {X} some out there in my yard {X} in my yard I know some of 'em. Interviewer: What do they look like? 330: Just look like little red strawberry. They they uh strawberry the berry comes on 'em when they get bigger now the vine looks like a strawberry vine Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: {C: tape overlaid} just exactly like the other {C: tape noise} if you didn't know the difference that's what did someone told me said yeah them wild strawberries I know Mister John {X} they're good. They're better than the ones we buy. I just yeah a lot of 'em is my my father used to buy 'em had an old fellow in North Carolina he'd pick six eight gallon every year out in the woods and bring down sell 'em to my father Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 330: Fifty cents a gallon then. When I was a little fellow and the best berries in the world. Course they didn't get no bigger than end of your finger there maybe not hardly that big but they're as sweet as sugar you know. I think that old son he picks 'em every night Interviewer: Um this is a kind of bush or shrub it's got um I think it'll grow along water, along a stream. And it's got pink and white flowers on it. Clusters of flowers. Pink and white. 330: Pink pink and white flowers on the bush Interviewer: Yeah clusters of it. And it blooms in the late spring. 330: Late spring. Dogwoods? Interviewer: No I'm thinking of you ever heard of laurel or ivy or spoonwood or something like that? 330: I I've heard of ivy growing in in the woods Interviewer: What's what's that? 330: It's got it has a big bloom on it it's a vine like runs up a tree Interviewer: Yeah. It's in it's a bush though. 330: That's what I say I Interviewer: You never heard mountain laurel, or laurel, or spoon {X} or spoonwood, something like that? 330: No, I never heard of it in this country I don't know may be some #1 but I've never # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: heard of it. Interviewer: You ever heard rhododendron? 330: {D: dendron} Interviewer: Rhododendron. 330: Uh-uh. Never have heard of that. Interviewer: Okay this is a large tree it's got shiny leaves and big white flowers on it it's a big old tree. And I know there are some around here. It's got it leaves a prickly seed pod about the size and shape of a cucumber. It's got these big white flowers on it though. Do you know what that's called? 330: It's you big large tree? Interviewer: Yeah. It'll grow to be real big. I mean it you see some of 'em that are real old. 330: {C: tape overlaid} {D: Well I just to tell you} well I don't know what Interviewer: You ever heard of magnolia 330: #1 Yeah yeah # Interviewer: #2 or cucumber tree? # 330: I've heard of magnolia tree heard of it Interviewer: Does that sound like what 330: Probably is, I never did I don't ever know what one was but I've heard of magnolia trees. Interviewer: Yeah. You ever heard of cucumber tree or cow cumber? 330: No. Never heard of it. Interviewer: Okay um if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something, she'd say I have to ask 330: My husband. Interviewer: Okay. Any other way she'd refer to him? 330: Well I'd have to get his advice his advice about it or something before she'd make up her mind, Interviewer: yeah 330: {D: something about that} Interviewer: And if he was talking about her, he'd say I have to ask 330: My wife. Interviewer: Okay. A woman huh? 330: Before I do it, I'll just ask my wife. Interviewer: Okay a woman who's lost her husband is called a 330: Widow Interviewer: Okay. What if he just left her? 330: Well it'd be a a if he just left her she'd be as a left her uh {X} called it Interviewer: Okay. 330: That's what I called it. grass widow Interviewer: yeah 330: is that what it's called? Interviewer: Yeah. Um okay the man whose son you are is called your 330: Daddy Interviewer: Okay. How else did you call him? Or how else do people call their father? 330: Father. They call him Pappy Papa Interviewer: Yeah. 330: And and daddy. Interviewer: What his wife would be your 330: Mother Interviewer: How do you call her? 330: Call her mama mother Interviewer: Okay. Um any other things people would call it? 330: Hmm? Interviewer: Any other ways people would call their mother? 330: Uh mammy I've heard some call 'em mammy Interviewer: Yeah? 330: You hardly ever hear one, but I've heard some call 'em mammy. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay um and together your father and mother would be called your 330: Parents. Interviewer: Okay. And your father's father would be your 330: Grand grandfather. Interviewer: Okay how is how did you call him? 330: Granddaddy Interviewer: Okay. And his wife would be your 330: Grandmother. Interviewer: And you'd call her 330: Grandma. Interviewer: Okay. Um this is something on wheels you can put a baby in and it'll lie down 330: Baby buggy Interviewer: Okay. Does that have that little hood on it? 330: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay you put the baby in the buggy then you go out and 330: Carry him out Interviewer: And what 330: Pushing him in the carriage like a little buggy Interviewer: What'd you call that? You'd go out and what the baby? Go out and 330: In a in a in a well it's a carriage like I'd call it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 330: What you'd push 'em in, little buggy like have wheels on it you push 'em out Interviewer: Yeah. You say you go out and push the baby? 330: Mm-hmm push 'em in it, can't you? Interviewer: Yeah. 330: Ones I've seen. Interviewer: You say you ride the baby or {X} the baby 330: I I I rode the baby in my in the buggy I reckon you'd call it a carriage or whatever you want. Whatever we called it. Interviewer: Okay you might say you have a son or a 330: Got a son Interviewer: and 330: daughter. Interviewer: Okay or a boy and a 330: A girl. Interviewer: Okay. If a woman were gonna have a baby you'd say that she's 330: Expecting. Interviewer: Okay. Any other expressions people would use for that? 330: For the baby? Interviewer: For if she was gonna have a baby. 330: Well pregnant I guess you'd say Interviewer: Okay did they say that when you were growing up? Did they use that word? 330: Well I I I guess they did, or I never heard any when I was a little fellow, I never did hear nobody talk like that #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 330: when I grew up. It ain't like that now you see you hear it on the television the somebody say something about that every night {X} you know but I never did hear anything about people woman when she got pregnant was gonna have her baby or something never would know anything about it. Interviewer: Yeah. 330: {X} But that's what we always called it. Pregnant {X} some of 'em say old people say some about it wives was gonna have a baby or expecting something or other, I {D: rare} might have heard that {D: rare} Interviewer: Yeah say if you didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby this woman that you might send for be called a