Interviewer: It worked out okay 387: Oh you'll- you'll get a kick out of him yeah Interviewer: {X} 387: Was he raised around here Interviewer: Yeah he's third generation #1 as a matter of fact # 387: #2 Oh well I didn't kn- # I think his daddy works at the post office but I didn't really but I didn't really know him or anything Oh he's a mess well that's good then Interviewer: Do the blacks mostly use his uh uh {X} 387: There's no one here and the competition's hot and heavy #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Is that right # 387: Oh they fight over bodies sometimes Even actually go to court over it Interviewer: Hmm 387: And so uh He tur- I think now though He's probably got more of the business than the other one The other one is strict one there In the past they were the- you know they were the black leaders Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And uh you know {D:and so}- but I think he's sort of Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 I think he's really hurt their business # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 I think he does- # Interviewer: #1 yeah # 387: #2 I think he does quite a bit more # Interviewer: Okay He has an unusual first name alright 387: Cuvier {NW} I don't know where in the world they came up with that Interviewer: It was {D:on} his uh name plate on his desk It was C-U-V-I-E-R I that was a first for me I've never heard of that 387: I'll tell you what you'd be surprised black folks They go they'll have a name and spell it four or five different ways Interviewer: #1 {D:Is that right} # 387: #2 {X} # they have it different on their driver's license and different on their social security card and Interviewer: {D:Yeah} 387: and different on their birth certificate if they have one Interviewer: {X} problems with your legal documents that sort of thing do you have to include them all or 387: Aw not very much except well Try to like make a will get the name that they that they're known by Interviewer: Yeah 387: Usually It doesn't really matter as long as you got something that you can ide- you know identify Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: But I've seen before black ones that would have there would be two brothers named Jimmy No middle name #1 They're both Jimmy or both James or both Charles # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: and it's Interviewer: {NW} 387: and of course that's just you know it's impossible for them Interviewer: {X} what people call them too 387: Oh good grief yeah that's I'm sure it does {D:but it} Well they come to court you know those names Interviewer: Yeah 387: {X} Oh there's some {D:dillicks} down there #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # I- the first person I interviewed for this project was an old black man {D:whose name was} General 387: General Interviewer: Yeah 387: Yeah there's several Generals around Interviewer: That right 387: There's one in Mumford named Early {B} #1 the last name # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 387: Early is his given name Interviewer: #1 Is there whiskey named {X} # 387: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Yeah 387: And that's uh that's his only name Interviewer: Yeah 387: And there are In the {X}- The reason I thought of it I saw one of them on the docket last week for a speeding ticket or something but my sister taught him {D:that one brother and there were two} {X} twins named Huntley and Brinkley {B} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 387: #2 They always # Remember them you know Interviewer: {NW} yeah 387: {X} comes to court when there there was John Wayne {B} and {D:Jenny Carls} {B} You remember Benny Carl on the television Interviewer: #1 {X} # 387: #2 don't know him # From Birmingham Where where were you where'd you grow up Interviewer: In Troy 387: Troy probably didn't get Birmingham {D:but what'd you call someone there} Interviewer: Was it a local 387: #1 Oh yeah it was the local cartoon show or something like that # Interviewer: #2 program yeah yeah # 387: When we were kids everybody watched Benny Carl Interviewer: I get a kick out of those uh things that you know Faulkner {X} up for something that smokes characters like Montgomery {D:Ward} 387: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} {NW} # That's the word {X} Okay let's see I was asking you about the land and you were telling me about meadow and that wasn't used {X} 387: No I don't think so Interviewer: What about a piece of land that's not good for much of anything because it has water standing on it {X} tide it's got you know trees and bushes growing in it 387: A swamp Interviewer: Yeah Do people around here ever use the word marsh for any kind of- 387: No I don't think so I don't think they do Interviewer: Do you have a name for the land around the ocean you know right on the edge of the water where you might have some sort of growth {X} uh something growing out of it 387: I think that'd be a marsh Interviewer: That would be a marsh okay 387: I always think of marsh as being salt water Interviewer: Yeah 387: But I don't know if that's Interviewer: Sure some people {X} Alright What about uh talking about the land around here different types of soil you know nothing technical just {X} has a lot of sand in it or clay something like that what do you have around here 387: Mostly clay Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 mostly red clay # Especially in Clay county Interviewer: Makes sense 387: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} Yeah # 387: But it's but it's red they call- you know- {X} Red {X} famous for growing watermelons Interviewer: Mm-hmm You know the word loam or uh 387: I know it but I- but it's hardly ever used I always think of loam as being as being dirt with sand in it that's looser Interviewer: Mm-hmm Is that considered good or poor soil 387: Oh I think that's good Interviewer: Good soil okay Have you ever heard of the words buckshot or gumbo used around here to describe soil type 387: No uh-uh Interviewer: Okay {NW} So if a man had a a piece of land with water on it He wants to put it to cultivation you'd say he was doing what to the land to get the water out 387: Draining it Interviewer: Okay and the thing that he dug to take the water off that would be a 387: Ditch Interviewer: Okay Around here uh what do the people call fresh water flowing along 387: a stream Interviewer: Okay now is that as small as it gets or is there anything smaller than a stream 387: Think they go from a river to a creek to a stream and uh- I think a stream and a branch are sort of synonymous Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: and a spring is a I think is a stream that's that's uh I think it's faster running but it's small and it's cold water Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Comes out of the ground I think Interviewer: I see okay Do the creeks or rivers, streams or whatever around here have names 387: Oh yeah Interviewer: Could you name me a few of them off the top of your head 387: Oh yeah there's {X} creek and Port house creek Interviewer: What 387: #1 Port house creek # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 387: and uh- Port house creek's also called uh Port house branch and let's see and it's also called Howl's creek some Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: or Howl's branch m- more Howl's branch and it's it's either c- usually folks refer to it as Howl's branch or Port house creek Interviewer: Is there a {X} good {X} 387: Uh-huh it's the name of a family that settled a- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: area I think and there's Chop rock creek and there's {D:Cheedhall creek} and uh let's see that's pretty much the creeks and things I think around Interviewer: Any rivers {X} 387: Cushaw river mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay {NW} What about a place that you're walking along in the woods and you come into a place that's oh maybe ten feet deep ten feet across you know that that gradually eroded by flowing in the water what would you call a place like that 387: #1 I don't have a special name # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Well it's a- did you say pool 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: {X} {NW} Not that much water in it It might not even have water in it at all you know it's just a big 387: Oh Oh I see what you mean just a ditch Interviewer: Yeah Okay Do people around here use the word gully 387: Yeah I'll- yeah I always think of a gully as a as a {NW} you know what yeah it might be a gully A big eroded Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 {X} ditch I think of as a gully # Interviewer: Okay Do people around here ever use the word ravine 387: Not much And I- I think a ravine would be a big one #1 sort of a canyon-like # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: ditch but no you don't hear that much Interviewer: Okay fine What about a- a small elevation in the land you'd say you're going up a little 387: Hill or rise Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay something a good bit larger than a hill you would call that a 387: Mountain Interviewer: What about- talking about a mountain the- the rocky edge of a mountain that drops off pretty sharp that would be a 387: Cliff Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay the plural you'd say it has a lot of 387: Cliffs Interviewer: Okay What about a- a low place in the mountain where a road might go across that would be a 387: That would be a {D:patch} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 okay # 387: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 what I'm after is just for pronunciation # but uh- say in these old western movies you know when a gunfighter shot somebody he'd carve one of these in the handle of his gun 387: A notch Interviewer: Yeah uh-huh you ever use that word to mean a little place in the mountains 387: Mm No I don't think so Interviewer: okay and a place where boats uh- stop and and unload their freight that would be a 387: dock Interviewer: Okay Uh what about- what would you call a place in the mountains where water falls a good distance 387: A waterfall Interviewer: Okay Here in uh- Talladega county talking about the road system what they're- you know- made of and all that what kinds of roads do you have 387: Well we got dirt roads and paved roads or blacktop roads most of them are either if they're not dirt they're uh- they're paved and they're either paved with usually with asphalt or tar and gravel a lot of the county roads out in the county are tar and gravel Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah I see What about uh- if you're driving along out in the country and uh you come across a little road that goes off the main road would you have a name for that 387: Mm {NW} Interviewer: Like side road or farm road or farm-to-market road 387: #1 Maybe a side road but # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 387: uh but if you were out that far out in the country you'd probably be on a side road too Interviewer: Side road 387: yeah you hear farm m- you don't hear farm-to-market road much anymore but I always think of a farm-to-market road as being paved Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay well what would you call a- a road that goes from the street up to a man's house that would just- 387: Driveway Interviewer: Yeah and uh- what about a place on a farm where the cattle walk you know when they eaten out the place 387: Cow path maybe Interviewer: cow path okay {NW} and in town uh the place where people walk next to the street that would be a 387: sidewalk Interviewer: yeah {NW} around here may- maybe residential areas do you have a grassy area between the sidewalk and the street 387: in g- uh-huh in residential areas Interviewer: Is- do you have a name for that 387: No Interviewer: {NW} {X} I've always called that tree lawn but I've rarely found anybody else who did 387: Mm #1 never heard of that # Interviewer: #2 you don't have a name for that # okay fine {NW} Alright this expression say if a- a dog uh- frightens a boy the boy might reach down and pick up a 387: rock Interviewer: and you'd say he did what 387: Threw it Interviewer: Okay {NW} any other word for- besides saying he threw it anything else that'd be said around here 387: I can't think of anything Interviewer: what about he chucked it 387: Yeah occasion Interviewer: What sort of people would you think of using that word 387: I think children as using that Interviewer: Mm-hmm they would say 387: Chunk maybe Interviewer: Okay {NW} say if somebody drives up and is trying to locate your wife uh you might say well I'm sorry but she's not 387: Here Interviewer: Mm-hmm specifically if she's cooking You'd say oh yeah she's 387: cooking supper she's in the kitchen Interviewer: Right okay {X} preposition I wanna get from you here if you well first let me ask you what do you call the the hot be- beverage that you're drinking that's 387: Coffee Interviewer: Yeah how do you drink coffee I mean you know what do you like in it 387: Oh I put sugar and creamer in that Interviewer: alright say if somebody wa- didn't want anything in his coffee how would he order it 387: Black Interviewer: Anything else you've heard 387: Mm No {X} Interviewer: Could you use straight there 387: Don't think I've ever heard that Interviewer: What about bare-footed 387: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh # {X} about preposition if you- if you didn't want anything in your coffee you say like so say if you didn't want milk in your coffee you say I take my coffee blank milk 387: Without milk Interviewer: Okay but if you do want some in you coffee you say you take your coffee 387: with milk Interviewer: mm-hmm alright 387: But I- you hardly ever hear anybody say they take it around here Interviewer: Is that right 387: but not very much Interviewer: What would- how- how would they phrase that 387: How would you like your coffee Interviewer: #1 how would you like your coffee # 387: #2 or what would you like in it # Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay {NW} alright this uh- expression somebody's not going away from you you say he's coming right 387: Towards you Interviewer: alright and talking about somebody that you just happened to meet you might say well I wasn't looking for old so and so I just sort of 387: Ran into him Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright and uh if a child is given the same name that uh her mother has you'd say that uh the parents named the child 387: after her mom Interviewer: okay alright {NW} talking about some animals now uh tough question type of animal that barks is a 387: dog Interviewer: Okay do you have a name for a dog that's not a- a pure breed but he's several different types all mixed together 387: around here people just call it just mixed breed Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Or Heinz #1 {X} you know # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: fif- fifty-seven right? Interviewer: Would you ever use the word mongrel or cur 387: No I don't think so I always think of a cur as being a- as being a vicious dog Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: A mean you know big Interviewer: Yeah right 387: Vicious dog that's what I think of it Interviewer: sure okay 387: but you wouldn't hear that much Interviewer: Mm-hmm what would you say to a dog if you wanted him to get after another person or another dog 387: Sic 'em Interviewer: Alright and uh {NS} {NS} okay {X} we were talking about dogs 387: Yeah Interviewer: this- this verb uh if uh- you're warning somebody about a dog you might say you better watch out for him he might 387: Bite you Interviewer: Yeah because yesterday he 387: Bit somebody Interviewer: Okay He's- a lot of people 387: Bitten Interviewer: alright tell me about a heard of cattle what do you call the male animal 387: the bull Interviewer: can you remember having ever been told that that was not a polite word to use in mixed company 387: No Interviewer: Have you- you ever heard of a situation years ago in which that was the case 387: Mm no I don't- I don't think so Interviewer: Alright and the animal that gives milk you just call that a 387: cow Interviewer: yeah what about the animals that you would use uh to plow a field you might use 387: a {D:ewe} Interviewer: or another really massive animal that would- 387: oxen Interviewer: Mm-hmm they never used them around here I don't think or if they did it's been #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 a long- # a long ti- I heard my fa- my grandfather talk about you know Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 having a yoke oxen and # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 and working them # Interviewer: Mm-hmm now you said a yoke of oxen how many does that have 387: two Interviewer: alright what if you had two mules what would you call them 387: A pair of mules Interviewer: pair of mules okay would team do there 387: I guess it would but I don't I've heard of a team but I don't know I always Interviewer: #1 {X} number # 387: #2 {X} # I'm not I'm not sure of the number but I think it I think it'd be more than one Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: But I don't know whether it would be more than two or not Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I'm- I'm- I'm not familiar with that Interviewer: Alright fine Uh {X} talking about cattle a small one you would call that a 387: calf Interviewer: Yeah do you distinguish between them do you have different names for male and female calves 387: No Interviewer: like bull and heifer calf or something like that 387: {X} you hear heifer a lot and I think heifer is a is a young female calf that's never that's never had a calf herself Interviewer: #1 Right # 387: #2 and I think # She remains a heifer Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Until she has a calf unless she gets real old then she's just an old barren cow Interviewer: {X} okay fine uh say if you have a cow and she's uh expecting a calf you'd say that she's going to what 387: Have a calf Interviewer: any other expressions you've heard maybe associated with farmers or {NS} 387: mm no I'm a- I'm Interviewer: {X} drop a calf 387: Heard that yeah heard that drop a calf Interviewer: She's gonna come to the pen she's gonna freshen or come fresh 387: Never have heard those I don't think Interviewer: Alright fine alright animals that you ride you just call a 387: horses #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # One would be a 387: Horse Interviewer: Alright what about the male what do you call that 387: Uh just a stud or a stud horse Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay you ever hear people use the word stallion around here 387: occasionally mm-hmm probably well probably as much as you know Interviewer: a stud 387: Maybe not quite as much but some Interviewer: Mm-hmm so a lot of people might say 387: He's a stallion or or a probably stud's the more popular Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay what about the female she would be a 387: just a horse or a filly Interviewer: Mm-hmm do you ever hear people use the word mare 387: yeah mare that's what I meant to say is mare and I think a filly sort of like a um #1 a heifer I think # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: #1 that's what I think # Interviewer: #2 right # 387: #1 {X} mare # Interviewer: #2 okay # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 387: sometimes Interviewer: filly would be a unbred #1 # 387: #2 I think so # a younger one right I think so Interviewer: Alright this is a verb you say uh you get on your horse and you begin to- 387: ride Interviewer: yeah you got on it and you- 387: rode Interviewer: Mm-hmm you- a lot today 387: ridden Interviewer: alright and if you can't stay on you'd say you fell 387: off Interviewer: what about a a little boy who wakes up in the morning and he's on the floor he might say well {X} of the night I must have 387: fallen off the bed Interviewer: okay getting back to horses the things that are on the bottom of their feet you would call them 387: hooves Interviewer: okay and just one would be a 387: hoof Interviewer: okay what about the- the metal things that you put on the hoofs 387: horseshoes Interviewer: alright you ever played a game with those 387: Mm-hmm pitching Interviewer: alright and what did you say you were doing 387: Pitching horseshoes Interviewer: horseshoes okay have uh sheep ever been {D:grown} raised in this part of the country 387: Not much every once in a while somebody has some but I think they were just had them more as a novelty I don't know of anybody that's ever raised them commercially Interviewer: Mm-hmm what would they raise them for 387: #1 their meat # Interviewer: #2 around here # {X} 387: I think so Interviewer: Let's see would they ever clip them uh 387: not very much not very much I don't think because I've never heard of anybody having enough to make it worth while Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I don't think one or two I don't know what you'd do with them Interviewer: yeah 387: do with the wool Interviewer: yeah yeah okay 387: but I think I think maybe the few that have had them have either sort of had them as pets or either I met one fellow that raises them and then uh kills them and barbecues the meat and sells it like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah I see do you happen to know what you would call the male animal the male sheep 387: uh maybe a ewe Interviewer: I think that's the female 387: #1 is that the female # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 387: I guess he'd be the ram then Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I guess that's what it'd be the ram that's right it would be you're right Interviewer: okay 387: {X} I never just {X} Interviewer: I think I might have seen them once or twice in my life alright animals that you raise uh you know for pork uh bacon and all that you would call them 387: hogs Interviewer: yeah what about small ones 387: That'd be a pig Interviewer: Is there an intermediate size uh bigger than a pig but not quite full grown 387: No No I don't think so Interviewer: okay do you know the word shoat 387: yes I always thought shoat a shoat was a I don't know which one it is was a was a young male pig but I might be wrong there Interviewer: {X} 387: I'm- I'm not sure about that but Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay {X} full grown you call that a 387: He's a hog Interviewer: Yeah what about the male hog 387: {X} I always just call that a hog Interviewer: Mm-hmm do you know the word boar 387: Yeah #1 but I always think of a boar as being a wild hog # Interviewer: #2 a wild hog # yeah alright say if a- a farmer didn't want his uh young male hog to grow up to be a a boar you'd say he did what to him 387: #1 cut him or castrated him # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah now is there a name for them after that's been done to him 387: If there is I don't know it Interviewer: alright do you know the word B-A-R-R-O-W 387: Barrow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: No I've heard of barrows and shoats but I just don't {X} #1 when they're talking about the prices {X} # Interviewer: #2 right # okay what would you call um- a- a female hog 387: A sow Interviewer: yeah do you have um a- a name for an unbred female hog 387: No and if there is I don't know about it Interviewer: Do you know gilt 387: No I don't {X} Interviewer: Okay these stiff hairs that grow on hogs' back you call them 387: bristles Interviewer: Mm-hmm and the long teeth that some of them have 387: I think those would be just uh- uh {X} I can't say it it's on the tip of my tongue tusk Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 sure # 387: #2 tusk # Interviewer: you ever heard people call them {D:tushes} 387: tushes yeah Interviewer: Mm-hmm do you associate that with a particular kind of person {D:tushes} or just anybody who's likely to say that 387: I think somebody that I think uh mm you know hate to say I think that's more illiterate you know Interviewer: yeah okay alright these wooden things that you pour feed in for the hogs {X} they would be 387: That's a trough Interviewer: okay more than one that's several 387: Troughs Interviewer: Alright Now you mentioned wild hogs have you ever heard any other word for them besides just wild hog 387: Wild boar Interviewer: {D: you have a wild boar} 387: Uh No Razorback Interviewer: Mm-hmm Is that used 387: #1 Not around here # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: We don't there aren't any around here that I know of and they never Interviewer: okay Alright talking about the noise that's made by a calf when it's being weaned you might say well just listen to that calf 387: Mooing Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright What about a noise made by a cow if it's hungry or wants to be milked you'd say listen to that cow 387: Mm I'd say mooing Interviewer: Mooing too alright and the general noise that a horse makes you would say it does what 387: Neighs Interviewer: Alright A general term for animals like cows and horses, mules and so forth would you have one word that would cover all of those 387: That- that'd be livestock Interviewer: Livestock okay What would you use for your cows and bulls and calves 387: I think that would be cattle Interviewer: Cattle okay do you have a general word for feathered animals like ducks and geese and guineas chickens 387: If we did it'd be fowl but I don't think anybody I I don't think they use that you know around here much Interviewer: Would they use a general word or would they just refer to them specifically 387: I- I think they refer to them specifically Interviewer: Okay 387: I think they talk about the the roosters and hens as being their chickens Interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm 387: What we used to hear are folks that talk about going in the hen house but they've- I think they sorta gotten away from that that's when folks you know had a few hens that they used to you know raise the chickens and and get eggs #1 from them but you know I think most folks have gotten away from that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # Yeah {X} Okay What about a- chicken that's sitting on the nest trying to hatch out something you'd call her a what 387: Hen Interviewer: Alright have you ever heard of the term setting here 387: #1 Setting oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Alright and uh- you were talking about hen house is there any other place that you think about uh chickens staying 387: Chicken house Interviewer: alright {NW} what about these little boxes that you see sometimes uh they're being hauled live you know around on trucks with the little bars and- 387: I think that's a coop Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright and when you fry a chicken there's usually a piece that children like to get and pull apart #1 What do you call that # 387: #2 Wishbone # Interviewer: yeah and what- why do they do that what's the uh purpose 387: I think the short the short uh the one that ends up with the short end gets his wish Interviewer: Mm-hmm any sort of wish 387: Mm yeah anything he wishes {X} Interviewer: So it doesn't necessarily have to do with marriage or who gets married first 387: No I don't think so Interviewer: Okay Uh- do you know what a general word for the inside parts of a of a hog uh- that you could eat but that you might not normally eat like the heart and the lungs and all that sorta thing 387: wouldn't have any any general word other than entrails maybe Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay do you know the word either haslet or harslet or hashlet 387: uh I don't think so Interviewer: Alright what about the intestines of a hog when you clean them out and cook them #1 those would be # 387: #2 now that's chitterlings # Interviewer: yeah you ever eaten any 387: uh-huh #1 sure have a time or two # Interviewer: #2 you like them # uh-huh 387: they're alright but I wasn't that crazy about them #1 usually when they cook them it smells so bad {X} your appetite # Interviewer: #2 yeah right # 387: and then just chew them you know just chew them {D: forever but I've eaten some} Interviewer: Yeah okay 387: A lot of folks {X} you know they really like them Interviewer: there we go alright this expression say if the- the farmer hears these uh- animals uh- {D:carrying on} you know they're hungry you might say well um I didn't know it's- it was so late it's right about 387: feeding time Interviewer: okay have you ever heard a farmer call to his cows to get them to come up from the pasture Do they say anything uh distinctive around here 387: I guess No I really don't know that unless it would be just calling them Interviewer: Mm-hmm just making any kind of racket 387: yeah I can't think of any I can't think of anything Interviewer: {X} cow or something like that 387: Mm no never heard of that Interviewer: alright you have any idea what you would say if you were plowing with mules or horses what you would say to them to get them to turn 387: gee and haw I think Interviewer: Do you know which is which 387: I believe gee is left and haw is right but I'm not sure about that Interviewer: Okay any calls to horses uh- to get them to come in or- how- how would you get your horses to come in 387: I never heard of anyone calling them Interviewer: Do they whistle to horses usually or do you have any idea 387: I- I've just seen that on the movies I've never heard of anybody- only folks I ever talked you know talking about getting up the horse or getting up the cows they either have to catch one horse they either keep one caught up that they can go chase 'em on Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: or they lure 'em in with feed Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: that's Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay 387: I've seen it in the movies but I've never seen anybody that had any horses that come when they call Interviewer: alright if you were riding a horse what would you say to him to get him started 387: Giddy up Interviewer: alright and to stop it would be 387: Whoa Interviewer: {D:play} what about calling some pigs you know if you wanna feed your pigs have you heard farmers calling to them to get them to come {X} 387: I never have heard that I you know you heard of it in the movies and things but I've never seen any pigs that weren't always just Interviewer: Yeah 387: Trying to run over everybody to get something to eat Interviewer: {NW} Okay they're like here pig {X} anything like that 387: Never have heard any of those except you know in the movies and things Interviewer: What about calls for chickens 387: Heard people say chicky chick chick Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: but that's- but chickens {X} like hogs if they think {X} if somebody thinks they're going to feed them they all ran everywhere anyway Interviewer: Sure stampede I don't guess you know any calls for sheep 387: No Interviewer: Okay alright what would you say if you wanted to get your horse ready to go somewhere you know the process of putting on his saddle and {X} the rest of the gear you'd say you were going to do what to the horse 387: Saddle him Interviewer: alright any other word that you would use there 387: Nothing that I can think of Interviewer: Okay um this is just pronunciation but it begins with an H harnessing is that- would you say that 387: I think of harnessing them as as getting them ready to put them on a wagon Interviewer: I see okay but not to ride 387: No I don't think so Interviewer: Alright what about if you're riding a horse the things that you hold in your hands to guide it with 387: that's the bridle Interviewer: #1 okay # 387: #2 or the reins maybe # Interviewer: alright now what about the things that you hold in your hands to guide the animal if you're plowing with him 387: I think that'd be the line plow line Interviewer: Mm-hmm sure and if you're riding the things that uh- your feet go in they're the 387: stirrups Interviewer: Okay you know say if you have two horses uh- hitched to the wagon do you have a name for the horse on the left side or if you're plowing with two animals the- the horse that- I mean the animal that walks in the {X} do you have a name or a term for him 387: Not that I know of {X} Interviewer: okay do you know lead horse 387: Heard that but I never knew what it was for Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay fine now this expression if- if something's not right near at hand you might say well it's not far away it's just a- over {NS} 387: just I'm not sure I understand it's close by Interviewer: yeah it's close by or it's just a something over 387: just a little over I don't know Interviewer: I was interested in things like it's a little way over it's a little piece over 387: Yeah I've heard all of those some I think Uh just a little bit maybe a little piece Interviewer: Okay now say if you've been traveling but you haven't yet finished your journey you'd say we still have a- to go 387: still have a long way to go Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay something very common you might say well you don't have to look for that in any special place you can find that just about 387: Everywhere Interviewer: okay and if I slip and fall and fall that way you'd say I fell 387: backwards Interviewer: if I fall that way I fell 387: Forward or frontwards Interviewer: okay Uh going back to land for a second uh do you have a name for the trenches that are cut out by a plow those would be the 387: That'd be the- the r- I think that'd be the uh I think I- I don't know if that- I guess that'd be the furrow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I was gonna say row but I think that'd be the furrow Interviewer: Okay and the plural would be a lot of 387: furrows Interviewer: alright and if a farmer has a good yield he would say that he raised a big what 387: crop Interviewer: alright 387: or made a big crop #1 I think that's what a lot of them say # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Okay {NW} what about if a man has a piece of land with a lot of bushes and trees growing on it and he wants to put it to cultivation you'd say he did what to the land 387: cleared it Interviewer: people around here have a- a name for land that's just been cleared 387: yeah it's new ground Interviewer: New ground yeah What about if something comes up in a field that you didn't plant Like uh uh you got a stalk of corn growing in your cotton field 387: okay it's a volunteer Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay what about uh- if the hay has been cut the first time and then it comes back up again the second time do you have a name for that when it comes back up again 387: No Not- the second cutting would be the second cutting I think #1 but I don't know of any # Interviewer: #2 {X} after # 387: I don't know of any any particular name Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: for the- for the growth Interviewer: that's what you said second cutting or second growth second crop something like that okay uh {X} wheat ever been grown around here 387: Hardly ever I don't really know of any Interviewer: Okay well we'll make this a hypothetical situation then say uh you- you cut your wheat and you tie it up into a what 387: Mm I {D:can't}- I don't know I guess that might be shock too but I don't- {X} Interviewer: Would bundle do there 387: Bundle might be uh-huh Interviewer: and you meant how would you use shock there would uh Cou- could you use it this way so you- you got your wheat bundle and you take up several bundles and you put them all together #1 would that be a shock too # 387: #2 No I don't think so # I think shock is all it's just raked up to a big pile maybe ten feet tall I think of shock as being taller than a- than a man you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah do you use that word shock as a verb do you ever say they're shocking wheat 387: No I don't think I would Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I don't think I would- Interviewer: You'd make a shock 387: Mm-hmm {X} Interviewer: Okay {NW} Alright this is a unit of measure I'm after A farmer might say he raised forty what of corn to the acre 387: Bushels Interviewer: Alright and uh another verb what about oats you would say you did what to the oats to separate the the grain from the chow 387: {D:I don't know} unless it was flail Interviewer: alright this is just a verb for pronunciation it begins with T-H 387: thrash Interviewer: Mm-hmm sure okay 387: I'm not familiar with oats either Interviewer: {X} I'm after a few expressions that use pronouns say you and uh- if- if we have to do a job uh together without using our names you look at me and say okay and have to do this 387: he and I Interviewer: {X} specifically 387: you and me Interviewer: alright 387: or you and I Interviewer: Right okay what about well {D:in other words} the jobs not just for one of us it's for 387: Both of us Interviewer: Okay now if you and another man are coming over to see me again without using your name you'd look at him and say- and 387: He and I Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NW} and if you were gonna identify yourself without using your name like you knocked at my door and you knew that I would recognize your voice you'd say open the door it's just 387: just me #1 that's what I'd say # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm okay # and if you were identifying another man you would say it's just 387: him Interviewer: and if it's a woman it's 387: her Interviewer: and if it's several people it's 387: them Interviewer: Okay alright comparing how tall you are you might say he's not as tall as 387: as I am Interviewer: alright the other way around I'm not as tall as 387: He is Interviewer: Okay and comparing how well you can do something you might say uh he can do it better than 387: I can Interviewer: Okay 387: like it always has that verb on the end Interviewer: Right what about uh some possessives um if something belongs to me you would say that 387: It's mine Interviewer: Okay if it belongs to me it's 387: Yours Interviewer: Alright if it belongs to both of us you'd say it's 387: ours Interviewer: If it belongs to him it's 387: his Interviewer: if it belongs to her 387: hers Interviewer: If it belongs to them 387: theirs Interviewer: okay alright this situation if several people had come over to see you and they were about to leave and you're talking to them all as a group what would you say to them you know to express the- the idea that you wanted them to come back sometime 387: Y'all come back Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay now if you were talking to a group again and you were asking them if they owned something together like a car maybe you'd look at them and say is that blank car 387: Your car Interviewer: okay now you used y'all a minute- 387: #1 or y'all's that might be # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm yeah y'all's car # I've heard people around here say y'alls's is that y'alls's 387: I've heard some folks say that but not very often Interviewer: Mm-hmm any particular type of person 387: Black folks Interviewer: would say 387: Y'alls's Interviewer: Y'alls's okay alright this situation- 387: But- but I think they they just don't do that much mostly they'd say youins now Interviewer: Youin 387: Uh-huh Interviewer: Mm-hmm is that youins car like that 387: I think No I don't think they'd say it like that they'd say does it belong to youins Interviewer: Oh I see 387: I don't think they'd ever have the- like youins car Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay alright this situation say if I had been to a party and you didn't get to go and I was telling you about it and you wanted to know everybody that was at the party what would you ask me 387: Who all was there Interviewer: Mm-kay and if I had gone to heard- to hear somebody speak and you didn't go- get to go and I was telling you about it uh and you wanted to know you know the substance of what was said what would you ask 387: what'd he talk about Interviewer: alright now you said though who all was at the party would you ever say what all did he say 387: Yeah mm-hmm #1 that'd be quite common I think # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # so you might say 387: what all did he Interviewer: yeah mm-hmm alright alright uh this expression if no one else will uh look out for them you'd say they've got to look out for 387: themselves Interviewer: alright and if uh no one else will do it for him he's got to do it 387: himself Interviewer: alright alright to change the subject to get back to something more concrete tell me about different things uh different types of bread that you know about {D:anything} made with flour 387: about all the bread of course you know we buy so many kinds but at home I'm- you know my mother made biscuits in the morning sometimes and uh she made cornbread almost every day Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Of course she always was a school teacher and just about every day in the summer when she cooked vegetables some people make white bread but not very often around here I don't think Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: and I think the ones that do now it's- I think it's just you know I think some of the older ladies baked baked white bread but now I- I think the {D:peo-} I think the reason people quit is because it's so you know so you can get fresh bread in the stores {X} Interviewer: Sure 387: Probably boils down to the transportation but anyway Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: They can probably get it in the store the same day that it's baked #1 and so # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: but uh folks make cornbread and biscuits and that's #1 that's # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: pretty much it I think Interviewer: I see what about different things that you can make with cornmeal uh well whe- when- when you say cornbread can you describe that what is it {NW} what does it look like 387: it's- it's yellow and of course the- the top has a little bit of a crust on it and it's made with cornmeal #1 and some people put eggs in it # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: and buttermilk I think folks around here think of cornbread I don't think you'd find many folks that put anything on it other than maybe a little but of butter but- but what I'm getting at I think folks think of cornbread as being sweet a little bit sweet Interviewer: hmm 387: but you know I don't think you'd find anybody putting syrup on it but you know #1 salt and {D:pep} # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh what about you ever heard of people putting cracklings in their cornbread 387: mm-hmm {D:that'd} be crackling cornbread or crackling bread Interviewer: you like that 387: mm-hmm yeah I've had that before Interviewer: I do too what about talking about things made with cornmeal these round things that you eat with fish 387: hmm hush puppies Interviewer: yeah alright does the word pone or corn pone mean anything to you 387: heard it but I- you don't ever hear anybody use it or I never have really Interviewer: mm alright what about hoecake 387: heard that too but I- I never really knew what a hoecake was Interviewer: mm okay fine uh do you know {D:spoon rim} 387: No I've heard that too but I don't know what Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 387: #2 I don't know what that is # Interviewer: alright what about a corn dodger 387: mm no I think I've heard it but I don't- I don't have any idea what that would be Interviewer: alright fine alright some people say that there's just two kinds of bread there's uh the kind that you make at home homemade bread and then there's the kind that you buy at the store you call that 387: bought bread Interviewer: mm-hmm alright what about these things that uh have a hole right in the center those would be 387: donuts Interviewer: alright and these are things that you {NW} where you make up the batter and you cook them four or five at a time for breakfast 387: hot cakes Interviewer: yeah any other #1 uh word # 387: #2 pancakes # Interviewer: ever heard people call them flapjacks 387: hardly ever Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: har- not around here they don't Interviewer: it's mostly hot cakes 387: hot cakes or pancakes Interviewer: okay this is just the unit of measure I'm after but about how much flour would you say would come in a bag like that 387: pound five pounds maybe Interviewer: okay and if you're making uh homemade bread this is the stuff that you would put in it to make it rise that would be 387: yeast Interviewer: okay talking about eggs what would you call the two parts of an egg there'd be the 387: the white and the yolk Interviewer: alright what are some ways of preparing eggs that you know about 387: frying them scrambling them boiling them poaching them Interviewer: mm-hmm okay and uh you know of a- a type of meat that you would boil along with grains or peas something like that 387: yeah a little piece of uh either white meat or some fat back of white meat or a a little piece of bacon Interviewer: alright okay what's some other type of meat that you might have for breakfast besides bacon 387: ham or sausage Interviewer: mm-hmm and you would call a man who deals in meat at the grocery store 387: a butcher Interviewer: right now if you were about to buy a lot of bacon but not have it sliced you'd say you bought a whole what 387: slab Interviewer: yeah and when you slice off that slab there's a- an edge that's pretty tough uh you would call that the 387: think that'd be the rind Interviewer: mm-hmm okay what if you- you kept meat uh for too long so that it doesn't taste good anymore you'd say it's what 387: spoiled Interviewer: mm-hmm what about butter that's like that it's been kept too long the taste has gone bad what'd you say about it this butter's- 387: I don't - I don't know what I never thought about that unless it'd be spoiled or gone flat or something I don't- Interviewer: okay would the word rancid or rank do there 387: I al- I've always think of that as sort of like meat I think I'd associate those with meat Interviewer: with meat but not butter 387: I think spoiled would be Interviewer: okay let me ask you about this word have you ever heard anybody around here use the word funky to describe a smell or odor 387: no Interviewer: does that word mean anything to you at all 387: I think funky as being these wild dances they do or something like #1 I think I've heard it on songs or something but # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: #1 I don't really know # Interviewer: #2 {X} to do with music # 387: yeah Interviewer: {D:alright} but not smell 387: no no I never have Interviewer: alright what about uh what can you make with the meat from hog's head 387: souse meat Interviewer: any other word for that you've heard 387: #1 head cheese maybe # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # usually souse head 387: souse yeah Interviewer: mm-hmm what about a dish that you can make by grinding up and uh cooking hog's liver anything 387: mm Interviewer: like liver pudding liver loaf uh 387: I've never heard those I only read those in the foxfire book I've never hear of anybody you know Interviewer: okay anything you've ever heard of made with uh blood from a hog 387: mm no #1 nothing I can think # Interviewer: #2 blood pudding # black pudding 387: not that I can think of Interviewer: okay do you know the word scrapple 387: no Interviewer: okay uh what about thick sour milk that women used to keep around the kitchen uh make stuff out of 387: uh Interviewer: {X} 387: clabbered milk #1 is that what you # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm yeah right # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # what- what do you do with clabbered milk far as you know 387: I think other than just cook with I don't know I think they use it in bread making but I don't know I'm not sure Interviewer: well what about this- this white curdle looking stuff that you buy people eat a lot of it when they're on a diet 387: cottage cheese Interviewer: yeah is that related to clabber in any way as far as you know 387: I just don't know Interviewer: not sure 387: I'm not sure about that Interviewer: okay let's say if you a farmer's just milked his cow something what would you say he would do to the milk to get some of the impurities out 387: pasteurize it Interviewer: mm-hmm or if he was just gonna pass it through a- a wired mesh 387: oh he'd uh uh strain it Interviewer: mm-hmm he'd specifically strain the 387: milk Interviewer: mm-hmm okay this is a- a dessert that's baked in a deep dish got uh oh {D:made it} out of apple slices or peach slices has a crust on it what would you call that 387: a pie Interviewer: alright is there anything a little different from a pie generally- 387: cobbler Interviewer: yeah that's what I was after 387: I'm- I'll tell you what I always thought of a the difference in a pie and a cobbler I always thought a pie was- was it was easier to sli- you could slice a pie #1 while a cobbler you sort of had to dip it out with a spoon # Interviewer: #2 yeah spoon it out right # exactly do you ever hear the people around here say cobbler pie 387: no not really I don't think Interviewer: okay alright this expression if somebody has a good appetite might say well so and so sure does like to put away the 387: food Interviewer: mm-hmm you ever hear the word vittles used 387: every once in a while but not very often not very much at all Interviewer: from whom would you {X} 387: old people Interviewer: they might say 387: vittles maybe old country folks might say that Interviewer: alright you ev- what about uh a liquid a sweet liquid that you might pour on a pudding you know to add to the taste it might be made of uh oh I don't know cream and sugar nutmeg something like that 387: a syrup is what I {X} Interviewer: would you ever call something like that a sauce 387: sauce yeah {D:I'd make some} {D:that'd probably be better} Interviewer: okay would you ever call it a gravy if it were sweet 387: no I don't think so Interviewer: what would a gravy be to you 387: gravy would be with uh something you made from a you know it'd be the drippings from a roast with maybe a little flour in it to thicken it if it needed it Interviewer: right 387: but it'd- it'd be you know with a meat that's what I think Interviewer: okay so if you're eating between meals you might say you're having a 387: snack Interviewer: alright and uh this verb you say this morning at seven o'clock you got up and- breakfast 387: cooked breakfast or fixed breakfast Interviewer: and then you 387: ate it Interviewer: alright I've already 387: eaten it Interviewer: it's time to 387: eat Interviewer: okay alright uh if you were going to say you wanted some coffee you'd say well I think I'm gonna go in the kitchen and 387: make a pot of coffee Interviewer: alright and if you just wanted a uh you just want coffee or a soft drink on a hot day you might just go in the kitchen and pour yourself a 387: glass of water Interviewer: yeah 387: a drink of water Interviewer: alright and if you drop the glass on a hard surface it's going to 387: break Interviewer: yeah you dropped it and it 387: broke Interviewer: every time you've done that it's 387: broken Interviewer: okay and if it's very hot you'd say that you might like to- a lot of water 387: drink a lot of water Interviewer: yesterday I 387: drank a lot of water Interviewer: okay I've- a lot 387: drunk a lot Interviewer: okay 387: or drank {X} I'd probably say drunk Interviewer: okay say if uh you're having some company over for a meal and they're all standing around a table and you don't want them to stand anymore you'd say well just go ahead and 387: go ahead and sit down Interviewer: so they went ahead and 387: sat down Interviewer: by the time you'd gotten back they had already 387: sat down Interviewer: okay say if somebody uh if you don't want for somebody to wait until something's passed to them at the table you'd say just go ahead and 387: help yourself Interviewer: so he went ahead and 387: helped himself Interviewer: they had already 387: helped themselves Interviewer: okay if you were at a a guest at somebody's house for a meal and they passed you something that you really didn't like what would you say if it came your way 387: I wouldn't care for that Interviewer: mm-hmm would you say anything different if you were just at home with your family and something was passed that you didn't like or would you say the same thing 387: probably wouldn't say anything there I don't think Interviewer: #1 just pass it on # 387: #2 yeah pass it on # I might say I don't like that Interviewer: uh-huh okay fine talking about food that's been uh heated and served a second time you'd say you're having 387: leftovers Interviewer: mm-hmm in other words the food has been 387: been warmed up Interviewer: mm-hmm right okay and you put food in your mouth and you begin to 387: chew Interviewer: alright now this is a dish that's uh kind of a soupy stuff it's just made with a cornmeal boiled in water and maybe a little salt added know of anything like that 387: no Interviewer: do you know the word mush 387: heard it but it doesn't Interviewer: mm-hmm doesn't ring a bell 387: never have had that Interviewer: right doesn't sound too appetizing 387: no {NW} Interviewer: what about uh a place that people have around the house you know that they cultivate for themselves uh 387: that's a garden Interviewer: yeah do you have one 387: no we've talked about it Interviewer: uh-huh 387: we had one when I was my daddy always had one Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: big garden Interviewer: mm-hmm what did your- what did your daddy grow in his garden 387: oh gosh we had everything had corn and corn and beans and peas and tomatoes and squash and cucumbers onions we had every- we had just about everything Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: plus he's always he'd always use a little portion of it to experiment with something like we'd grow strawberries every once in a while Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: or he'd- every once in a while he'd take a little part of a of the peas or the beans or the corn and plant wheat in there and uh he'd- he'd- he'd read a lot of uh the modern and the experimental farming methods and- Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: like the wheat was supposed to choke the weeds out while it- while it didn't take as much out of soil as the weeds things like that but we always had a big garden Interviewer: that's interesting you mentioned tomatoes around here you have the variety that's about that size 387: mm-hmm I always c- call those uh pear tomatoes- I mean uh uh gosh what was I gonna say some people call them Tommy toes Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: but uh well I don't know I think maybe it is pear tomatoes it's just the- it's the small ones I know what you're talking about but I what do I hear people call them I'm not quite Interviewer: cherry tomatoes 387: cherry tomatoes yeah but not- but something else too I heard them called cherry tomatoes Interviewer: salad tomatoes 387: no oh {NW} I don't know {X} but I don't know- yeah they have them some Interviewer: you mentioned onions do you have a name for the type that has a long stalk to them you know you see them in salad bars and res- 387: I call those springlings Interviewer: springlings yeah okay what are- what are some of the different kinds of beans that you can grow around here 387: they have pole beans and- which would be uh the string beans Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: and uh butter beans and then of course around here they'd grow a lot of soybeans which you know we never get soybeans and eat them #1 but they just # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: have so many uses it's just about put the cotton people out of Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: everybody grows soybeans now Interviewer: mm-hmm I see if you had a- a basket full of string beans you'd say you have to do what to them 387: string them or break them Interviewer: mm-hmm would you ever use the word uh- well what if you had a lot of butter beans 387: shell them Interviewer: shell the butter beans okay what about some leafy vegetables that grow around here 387: uh I only- you talking about turnip greens and collards maybe Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: folks don't- every once in a while we'd grow cabbages and lettu- well every year we would a little bit but they never did very well the- the lettuce would never make a head it'd be just leaf uh Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: and the cabbages sometimes you have good ones that would- that would make a good firm head but- but more didn't than did I don't know what it was if I- everybody said that soil's not suited they said it takes a sandier soil but we always grew turnip greens Interviewer: mm-hmm yeah well do you have a vegetable around here I don't think you mentioned it uh it's green maybe about so long {X} some people boil it and it gets kind of slimy 387: asparagus hmm Interviewer: this is something a little different or if you didn't want to boil it uh you could chop it up and fry it begins with an O O-K R-A 387: oh okra Interviewer: yeah 387: oh yeah gosh y- I didn't I couldn't even picture what you were talking about Interviewer: {X} 387: oh yeah gosh yeah always had okra Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: but when we almost had it- well we had okra every day when I was coming up and uh and I hated to cut it because it {D:sting me} Interviewer: yeah right 387: but uh oh yeah and I love it fried not much on it boiled though Interviewer: yeah {X} 387: and sometimes you see people pickle it you ever had any pickled okra Interviewer: {X} 387: pickled it's pretty good you'd be surprised its pickled in uh well I #1 of course just vinegar but they # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: put other spices in like they pickle eggs and things and its pretty good Interviewer: {X} okay all these things that we've been talking about uh tomatoes and okra and squash they're all different kinds of 387: vegetables Interviewer: okay this is stuff that uh you might have heard people talking about making by the wash pot plural they'd uh leech off the husks of the corn and uh boil the stuff some people use {D:lye} 387: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # okay and here in the south uh a pretty common dish that you might have for breakfast instead of hash browns would be 387: uh Interviewer: it's white stuff ground- 387: oh grits yeah I don't like grits much that's why {X} Interviewer: okay and a common starchy food that uh oriental people eat a lot of would be 387: rice Interviewer: okay what about uh illegal alcohol made in stills what do people around here call that 387: moonshine or white whiskey Interviewer: mm-hmm you ever hear the word {D:shinning} used that way 387: Never have Interviewer: does that activity still go on in Talladega county 387: I bet there's not even a single still in the whole county now every once in a while they'll have somebody for transporting it but I doubt seriously if it was even made in the county Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: it's not very profitable anymore and it's- Interviewer: was it ever done around here 387: oh yeah sure was a lot Interviewer: okay alright this is a verb something that makes an impression on your nose you might say mm just- that 387: smell that Interviewer: okay and uh you mentioned this before uh syrup is there anything similar to syrup that you use that you have another word for 387: honey that's the only thing I can Interviewer: okay this- this is well you ever heard people use another word for what you consider to be syrup 387: mm no Interviewer: what about molasses 387: I always think of molasses as being something different but I I've never I don't even guess I remember eating any molasses I think of molasses looking more like oil #1 thick black # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # do you think of it having any difference in taste 387: {NW} I guess I do but I don't know what Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: I'm- I just never think about molasses- Interviewer: but you do distinguish between syrup and molasses 387: yeah I think of- Interviewer: would you say one is thicker than the other 387: I think molasses would be thicker than syrup Interviewer: mm-hmm okay alright this adjective I'm after if I have on my belt that's made out of cow hide I might tell somebody well now this isn't imitation cow hide this is 387: leather Interviewer: okay 387: genuine leather Interviewer: mm-hmm alright what about uh- I know that- this is another adjective I'm looking for {X} in the days when sugar was sold right out of the barrel you know just scooped up instead of prepackaged like it is now how would people say that was that was sold it was sold how 387: sold loose or or by the pound Interviewer: mm-hmm another word that you might use there 387: bulk #1 might be # Interviewer: #2 yeah right # okay that's what I wanted alright this is uh a sweet spread that you might uh spread on hot buttered toast might be apple or blackberry 387: jelly Interviewer: okay and you have shakers on your table for 387: salt and pepper Interviewer: alright okay what would you say the uh opposite of rich is that would be 387: poor Interviewer: okay and a lot of fruit trees growing together that would be an 387: orchard Interviewer: alright talking about fruit uh the hard inside part of the cherry you would call that the what 387: pit Interviewer: what about of the peach 387: that'd be the seeds Interviewer: seeds alright you distinguish between peaches according to where they're the the flesh of the peach is very tight against the seed and you have to cut it out as opposed to one that uh you cut into it and the seed falls out easily 387: I think the one where the seed fell out easily would be a real ripe one Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: that'd be the Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: I think that's the only thing I can think of Interviewer: have you ever heard names like freestone or clear seed peach as opposed to cling peach or cling stone or crest peach 387: #1 well no # Interviewer: #2 {X} any of those # {X} not familiar with that 387: I think I think I've seen cling peach written on a maybe on a side of a can in the grocery store but I don't I did- if I heard those I would just assume they were different varieties Interviewer: yeah okay the the part of an apple that you don't eat you'd call that the 387: core Interviewer: alright and uh pieces of fruit like apples or peaches that have been cut up and set out to dry do you have a special name for that 387: just dried fruit Interviewer: {X} okay have you ever heard the word {D:snit} used that way 387: no I don't think I have Interviewer: alright what about different kinds of nuts that are grown around here 387: Pecans you talking about name some Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: pecans and hickory nuts and I guess these old black walnuts {X} I don't think {X} that's about all I can think of Interviewer: alright where I'm from the big crop {X} these nuts that grow in the ground Carter's famous for 387: oh peanut Interviewer: yeah 387: yeah I didn't even think about peanuts I was just thinking about a tree Interviewer: grow around here 387: yeah oh not too many here oh folks will have a few in a garden to eat but I don't know of anybody that grows them commercially Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: we always had a few in there we'd have to pull them up pull them off Interviewer: you know any other names for peanuts 387: goobers you hear folks call them goobers Interviewer: okay I think you mentioned walnut do you have a uh a name for the hard covering on a walnut that you crack to get to the nut 387: mm {D:we just call it husker} shell Interviewer: mm-hmm okay do when you think of walnuts do you think of after they fall out of the tree you think of them having a soft covering that stains your fingers when you pick them 387: yeah I- I- well yeah that- but I- in that big old cover that's what I I think of Interviewer: what would you call that as opposed to the hard covering 387: mm {X} heard of any Interviewer: mm-hmm yeah I would call the- the soft part the hull and the hard part the shell I was just wondering if you distinguished between the two 387: probably not I think I just think of the whole covering as being shell Interviewer: okay fine uh this is another kind of nut probably doesn't grow around here but there's a a candy bar called a something joy 387: almond joy Interviewer: yeah okay now a citrus fruit that grows in Florida and in California those would be 387: oranges Interviewer: alright this phrase if you have a bowl of oranges uh in the morning but as the day goes by everybody comes through the room and grabs an orange you'd say at the end of the day the oranges are 387: gone Interviewer: okay this is another vegetable that you didn't mention a minute ago it's a little round red uh colored vegetable hard and it's hot and peppery taste 387: hot pepper Interviewer: this is a little different uh people talk about making hot horse 387: ra- oh radishes Interviewer: yeah 387: yeah we always had radishes Interviewer: mm-hmm you like those 387: yeah I like pretty much cut up in salad Interviewer: yeah 387: where I mentioned- I forgot beets too we always grew beets yeah we always had radishes Interviewer: okay and uh this is something uh that you might have with steak instead of rice you might have a baked 387: potato Interviewer: yeah different type- types of potatoes around here 387: Irish potatoes and sweet potatoes we always grew those I don't know why- how I forgot those Interviewer: do people around here have another name for sweet potatoes 387: people call them yams Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: when they- when they cook them they're candied yams but uh- Interviewer: sure 387: I always think yams as being the biggest of them Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: of of the sweet potatoes Interviewer: mm-hmm so its size would be a 387: I- I think so Interviewer: mm-hmm okay alright this word say if uh you left an apple out in the hot sun it's going to dry up and do what 387: shrivel Interviewer: alright okay we were talking about uh you mentioned well {X} ask you if you wanted me to go to the store and get some lettuce you'd say go get me a couple 387: heads Interviewer: alright now is that word head used any other way as far as you know besides talking about so many heads of lettuce or cabbage 387: I- I'm not sure I understand Interviewer: okay let's say would- would it be uh acceptable to you if a man said he has uh five or six head of children 387: #1 no that wouldn't {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: no I think you- when you said talking about head of cattle Interviewer: head of cattle yeah alright well talking about somebody who has a good many children say seven boys and seven girls say oh so and so sure have a whole #1 {X} # 387: #2 houseful # Interviewer: alright what about the word tassel there you ever hear that 387: yeah mm-hmm that's- that's fairly common Interviewer: so and so has a 387: tassel Interviewer: tassel of children okay alright talking about corn the outside covering of an ear of corn you call that the 387: shuck Interviewer: alright what about the part that grows right out of the top of the stalk 387: that's the tassel Interviewer: okay when there's this stringy stuff that you brush off the ears 387: silk Interviewer: okay do you have a name for corn that's tender enough to eat right off the cob 387: uh you mean after it's cooked, huh? Interviewer: #1 yeah # 387: #2 {X} # Interviewer: I guess you could call it this before it's cooked 387: a uh a roasting ear Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm {X} right # 387: #2 {X} # oh I mean I- I was getting I thought you meant eat it raw #1 I've never heard of that # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 387: yeah that'd be a roasting ears Interviewer: ears okay fine but see I don't think I asked you this but this is a great big orange thing that you make jack-o'-lantern out of 387: that's pumpkin Interviewer: okay 387: {X} grew up here {X} they never did very well #1 {X} watermelons but we never had much luck with watermelon # Interviewer: #2 {X} # do people around here have names for different types of watermelon 387: they hardly ever except red {D: maiden} and yellow {D: maiden} watermelons but they Interviewer: nothing like rattlesnake or 387: #1 mm no # Interviewer: #2 stone mountain {X} # 387: they might have diff- they might grow different varieties but I never hear them Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 387: #2 referred to them as anything other than red or yellow maiden # Interviewer: okay what about some other types of melons besides watermelons that grow around here 387: that's the only thing that I know of {NS} {NS} Interviewer: talking about melons 387: the only melons that I know about are cantaloupes Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: they- they- a lot of folks grow cantaloupes Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: {D:but they're all} I think they might- the only other kind of melons I ever see are in the grocery store and I never know what the heck- mushmelons or what but I've never heard of anybody growing anything around here but watermelons and cantaloupes Interviewer: and did you say mushmelons just then 387: I've heard of them yeah but I don't even know what a mushmelon is Interviewer: you don't know if it's different from cantaloupe 387: #1 oh yeah it's different from a cantaloupe # Interviewer: #2 hmm yeah # 387: it's a small- sort of a small watermelon I think Interviewer: mm-hmm okay alright these are things that usually pop up in your yard after it rains they have a slender stalk and 387: #1 mushrooms # Interviewer: #2 kind of # yeah any other word for that you think 387: toadstools Interviewer: now is there a difference or is that just a synonym for them 387: I think they're sy- I think it's synonyms I don't know of any difference in a mushroom and a toadstool Interviewer: okay alright this expression if a man has a very sore throat he might say well I'd like to eat that piece of steak but I just can't 387: can't swallow it Interviewer: mm-hmm alright different things that people smoke they might smoke either 387: cigarettes #1 cigars # Interviewer: #2 {X} # mm-hmm okay what about if somebody offers to do you a favor you might say well I appreciate it but I just don't want to be 387: be a bother to you Interviewer: okay any other word that- 387: burden maybe Interviewer: what about obligated or beholden 387: never beholden but I don't wanna {X} hardly ever obligated somebody might say I don't wanna be in debt to you Interviewer: in debt to you {NS} say if you're talking about if a farmers looking at his corn and he's uh uh shocked by the fact that it's not bigger than it is he might say well thats funny at this time of year it- be taller 387: should be Interviewer: mm-hmm would you ever use the word ought there at this time of year 387: it ought to be bigger sometimes yeah Interviewer: okay okay what about this situation if a mother's talking about a child who's been misbehaving or not doing what she told him to do she might say well now you're not doing what you 387: ought to have been doing or what you ought to have been Interviewer: yeah what about the negative of that using ought like for example a person might say talking about a boy who got a whooping you might say well I'll bet he did something he 387: ought not to have Interviewer: mm-hmm okay and if you're refusing to do something {X}