Interviewer: Now tell me again uh about where you were born and the circumstances 387: I was born in Birmingham but uh My mother and father lived in Talladega but before we were born the doctor knew that- I got a twin sister and the doctor knew we were gonna be twins and advised my mother to go to Birmingham to see a doctor there Interviewer: I see okay But you've lived all your life here in Talladega 387: {D: For} course uh- you know I was in school #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: I- I thought about that after you left yesterday one year we lived in Piedmont My father bought a hardware store up there and we moved there for the- for the year Interviewer: Okay {NS} What county is that in 387: {D:Calhoun} It borders us {NS} Interviewer: Alright and the name of this community is 387: Talladega Interviewer: and the county 387: Talladega Interviewer: {X} What's your address here in town 387: {B} Interviewer: Okay and how old are you 387: Thirty-two Interviewer: and occupation 387: Lawyer Interviewer: {X} a church here in town 387: Mm-hmm Trinity Methodist Interviewer: Okay {NW} tell me about your schooling you know from public schools through college the whole shebang 387: Went to public schools uh here in Tal- well I did go the first year in Piedmont, Alabama in Calhoun county and then from second through the twelfth grade I went to {X} and finished at {X} high school and then uh enrolled in Auburn University But I didn't stay there but a quarter and I went to Gadsden State junior college and went there a couple years and then went to {NS} Jackson State and graduated {NW} {NS} Oh here hold on just a second {NW} {NW} Interviewer: I see you were telling me about Gadsden State you stayed there how long 387: Oh a couple a years and then I went to {X} uh and I and I graduated there and I did take a couple a courses at at the University of Alabama at Birmingham #1 one or two of them # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: At that point I was going to Jackson so I graduated at Jackson in 1972 Interviewer: mm-kay what degree did you get there 387: um Bachelor of science in business and economics Interviewer: okay 387: and then I went to Birmingham school of law for the next four years at night graduated in 1976 been practicing since that time Interviewer: Alright {NW} {NW} {NS} uh you interested in uh civic clubs or church groups uh professional organizations #1 anything like that # 387: #2 mm # {NW} Members of some but not really interested in- #1 you know what I mean # Interviewer: #2 mm # Yeah 387: #1 Don't take # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: #1 Don't really take an active part in # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: In any of them Interviewer: Yeah any you care to mention for the record 387: member of the- well it's sort of a {X} I'm not even sure if I'm still a member of the {X} I was but I think I I haven't been in so long I think they probably {NW} #1 run me out by now # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # okay that about it 387: Mm well I'm a {NW} course I'm a member of the bar association here in town and I'm the secretary and treasurer of that but It's not a very- We're not a real active organization real loose-knit Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: bunch Interviewer: About how many lawyers are there in town 387: Probably twenty-five #1 Twenty or twenty-five # Interviewer: #2 sounds like a # I don't know that sounds like a lot #1 for the whole town # 387: #2 Oh there's a bunch # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 387: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 387: #2 we've got to wear our {X} to keep from {X} each other # Interviewer: How big is Talladega any idea 387: About right around twenty thousand Interviewer: Twenty thousand that's bigger than I thought it was 387: That might be a l- little bit over #1 but it's pretty close # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # okay uh have you traveled around very much either on business or vacation 387: Mm {NW} What- what are you talking about {X} Interviewer: uh s- throughout the country the south out of the country maybe 387: mm been to Nassau a couple of times and uh you know been to all the neighboring states and uh {NS} Interviewer: About how many of the southern states do you think you've been in 387: Mm {NW} Alabama Florida Tennessee I'm looking at the map up there Interviewer: uh-huh {NW} 387: oh I don't know six or eight Interviewer: Okay Have you traveled much ou- out of the south 387: No I haven't I've been to I've been up in Maryland I don't know if that's out of the south or not Some folks think it is and some don't and I've been- I went to Las Vegas one time to a convention but other than that I haven't been Interviewer: Okay alright {X} Tell me a little bit about your parents so where they were born what they did 387: My father was born in- in Clay county Alabama it- it's the county bordering this one It's a- it's a real rural county #1 and it's # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: more so then of course than it is now Interviewer: Yeah 387: And uh He lived there until he was- I don't know - until he was- Until he was grown- Until he was in his twenties and he left and he was a- he worked in a hardware and he took several jobs then I don't know exactly where all he went but several different towns over the- through the years Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And he went into service of course and he finally settled in Talladega and- and lived here and he died about five years ago Interviewer: I see So you think he came to Talladega county when he was still in his twenties maybe 387: Probably to Talladega county when he was around thirty #1 that's what I- # Interviewer: #2 Right # 387: #1 Or- # Interviewer: #2 okay # 387: Yeah right- probably early thirties would be more like it Interviewer: Okay What did he do for a living 387: He worked in a hardware {NS} Interviewer: What about his schooling Do you know how far along he got 387: He graduated from high school Interviewer: Okay and your mother where was she born 387: She was born in Lamar county Alabama in Vernon and her father was a Methodist minister and so they moved every- #1 you know # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: #1 four years or so # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: they went uh you know just tra- went- lived- went everywhere Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: and uh {NW} She was probably course when- when my father got married they were both in their thirties Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: and- they came to Talladega I don't you know I don't think she'd lived here before then She may have lived here in Lincoln it's in Talladega county in the northern part of the county uh her father was a pastor of the Methodist church there one time and- and I- I guess she lived there then but I believe {NW} well in fact she did because after she got out of college she taught school in Lincoln for a year or two {NW} when he was preaching there and lived you know #1 with him # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Alright What about her schooling 387: She of course finished high school and then uh went to Huntington College in Montgomery and graduated there Interviewer: Okay {NS} {NW} I meant to ask you was there any specific community in Clay county where your father was born or was it out in the country 387: It was in a- It was in Ashland Interviewer: Ashland 387: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Okay # {NS} And your mother's occupation 387: Uh she's retired now She was a school teacher Interviewer: Okay Alright Tell me about your grandparents on your father's side 387: Uh My gra- My grandfather {NW} Farmed all his life and lived to be I believe he was eighty-nine when he died Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And my grandmother of course never- she was a house wife Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And she- And she lived to about the same age She was in her eighties when she died Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And that's- that- that's- They just raised a house full of kids Interviewer: Right {NW} Where were they born 387: They were born in Clay county Interviewer: Both of them 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: #1 Was- # 387: #2 N- # Interviewer: Was that in Ashland too 387: Uh I really don't know #1 I'm just assuming # Interviewer: #2 I see # 387: #1 that it was # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: I- They always talked of living in Clay county there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: If it wasn't in Ashland it was close around there Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay What about their schooling 387: {NW} I r- I really don't- I really don't know about that I remember My great uh- they said my great grandfather was a doctor and this and so my grandfather I think I think actually studied medicine for a while now of course in those days you know I don't know {X} when When they said- I remember when I was small you know they talked about him studying it may have been that he just rode with his you know with his dad Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And uh- but you know I really don't know about that I know- in those days I don't think they had as much uh- You know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I don't know I just don't know about their schooling Interviewer: Okay 387: But #1 I- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: I'd think that they probably had the- the equivalent of a high school education Interviewer: Alright And what about your other grandparents You said that your grandfather was a minister #1 {D:On} your mother's side # 387: #2 Yeah # Uh-huh He uh- He was born and raised in Lamar county Alabama And he He went as far- I don't know how this- He wrote a little- It's not a- not a book but a little Oh I don't know Probably a hundred page paper about his life when- when he was getting older Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And he- and that's where I got a lotta #1 of course from talking to him # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: And he was uh He went to school as far as he- well- #1 as far as he could go in the local schools there # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: And after that he taught there for a year or two in the In the- In the local school Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And uh At that time he became interested in law and studied law in a lawyer's office he never went to law school and took the BAR exam and passed it and practiced a few years before he left to enter the ministry Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And- and my grandmother I- I just don't know about- about her schooling I- I just assume you know That it- that it was a- about what we think of as a high school education today Interviewer: Okay 387: I'm- from where you- From what he told me the things were- They just- You know They were- the schools weren't exactly how they are now Interviewer: Yeah Right 387: And they- They uh- I think the school year was a lot different #1 I don't know if that's interesting or not # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: But I think it- they went about half the time rather than What we'd probably go three fourths #1 On that # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # I see Did you say that your grandmother was born in Lamar county too 387: It- I- I think that's right Interviewer: All right What about her occupation 387: She was just- she was a house wife Interviewer: Okay 387: Raised a bunch of kids too #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Alright # {NW} Uh You know what You mentioned your great grandfather on your father's side uh- that he was a physician Do you know anything about earlier ancestry on either side 387: No I don't And I just- you know of course I never knew him #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: I remember my other grandfather on my mother's side the one that was the minister Interviewer: Yeah 387: Talking about his father was a- you know- was a farmer And uh- And I think he died when they were- You know- fairly young maybe when he was #1 fifteen or sixteen # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah Okay {NW} {X} your wife how old is she 387: She's thirty-five Interviewer: And uh- Y'all go to the same church 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Alright 387: Well I say we do We just been married Interviewer: Uh-huh 387: About six months And she went to another Methodist church here but- you know- since that time we've been going to mine Interviewer: Okay #1 Same denomination # 387: #2 Uh-huh yeah # Interviewer: Alright What about her schooling 387: {NW} She's uh- She- She was raised in Baldwin county Alabama And she gr- graduated from high school there and went to Auburn and graduated and now- ended with a bachelor's degree and now she teaches school Interviewer: Okay Is she interested in clubs or #1 civic groups {X} nothing like that # 387: #2 Mm no not really # Interviewer: Okay And you say her people were from Baldwin #1 county # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Alright If you would tell me a little bit about the house that you were raised in what it was like how many rooms it had what they were 387: {NW} I rem- {NW} I remember when we were small we lived in a house A small frame house with three bedrooms Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: But- But where- You know- where I was really raised Well I think when I was like twelve or thirteen we moved into the house where my mother lives now Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And it's a- pretty good size house It's uh- It's- It's prob- You know- I- probably got twenty-five hundred feet in it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And it's an older house And it's just got large rooms and it's- three bedrooms and a- living room dining room breakfast room kitchen It's- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: It's- there's nothing really unusual about it it's just an older Interviewer: Okay #1 What about # 387: #2 I was- # Interviewer: the house that you're living in now What is- What is it like 387: It's a- It's a- It's a real old house I just bought it It's a monster It's got about twenty rooms in it Interviewer: Is that right 387: and we're trying to fix it up Interviewer: Yeah 387: It's an older hou- well I say it- it's probably not a hundred years old #1 but it's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: It's probably probably getting pretty close between eighty and ninety #1 We're just # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: guessing we don't really know Interviewer: Yeah Could you just name off the rooms Just for the record 387: Yeah It's got- living room and- music room dining room oh a little hall there four baths I'm- I'm not naming- I'm just- And it's got- Of course the kitchen And it's got another little room off the dining room I don't know what we'll call that #1 just a- # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: an addition to the hall I guess #1 {X}- # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: Another hall where the stairs are Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And then it has a- a- what we call a sun room and then a big bedroom downstairs and a dressing room off it And a there's a back porch #1 and an upstairs there # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: There's three bedrooms upstairs large bedrooms and then there's a little dressing room off one of those and- couple of baths up there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Big hall other little room up there we just call it the TV room #1 It's a small room # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: and then there's a couple of baths there And then uh- couple of more little rooms toward the back I don't know- #1 we got junk # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: piled in there #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # It's okay #1 It's fine # 387: #2 I- # I think one of those may have been an enclosed back porch It has a lotta windows in it so Interviewer: Yeah 387: I don't know It's good for storing junk Interviewer: Right okay fine Alright well we'll go ahead and {D:give} the questionnaire now Uh- Talking about the rooms in your house you mentioned the living room 387: Uh-huh Interviewer: Is that what you've heard most people around here call the- the best room in the house where they'd entertain company 387: Mm-hmm I think so Living room Interviewer: You ever heard any other terms for it 387: Uh You hear about parlor #1 but I- # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: I har- I've heard old folks call it the parlor and just on on rare occasions Out in the country sometimes you hear folks talk about the front room {NS} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {NS} Yeah you were telling me about the parlor 387: I heard folks call it- well I- I've heard folks in- you know- call it parlor but that's not- but not very often but I- heard folks out in the country call it the front room and that's when you know- I think the front room was about half living room and half bedroom It was just a room that they didn't use much and that's where they Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: You know it's- #1 I- # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: I always thought of the front room as being one that was co- closed off in the winter Interviewer: Yeah 387: And just used- you know- for company Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: {D:and all} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: But I But I really don't know if- Interviewer: Yeah 387: Around here It's gotten to where most folks call it the liv- you know- the living room and- {NW} and then I used to think of them as being synonymous but now a lot of folks are you know- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Don't even have a living room They just have a den and so they're getting away from that Interviewer: Right I see You were talking about your house being a- an older house is it one of these houses with a high ceiling 387: Uh-huh yeah Interviewer: About how high roughly would you say those ceilings are 387: They are ten feet Interviewer: Ten feet 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay Does this house uh- have a fire place in it or #1 does it have a- # 387: #2 Oh yeah # It's got about seven or eight of them Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever build a fire in a fire place 387: Not in this one- of course we haven't- we- we haven't been there but a couple of months #1 But uh- # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: And- and I don't think- I don't know if they're going to be suitable enough They were built I think for coal grates And they're pretty Interviewer: Yeah 387: Pretty small But in my mother's house we have a fire all the time #1 just- # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Tell me how you build a fire in a fire place 387: Oh goodness #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 387: {NW} #1 Well- # Interviewer: #2 We're really just after # 387: #1 Oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 the parts of a fire place # 387: Oh We always- at- at my mother's house she al- {NW} I go by just about every day in the winter {X} #1 and she has some # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: some andirons in there or fire dogs #1 and- # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: And uh- {NW} I put- Some paper in there and kindling and then some smaller wood and just- light it and- put it on there- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Hardly ever have any trouble Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you have a name for the big piece of wood that you set on the andirons 387: The back log #1 Is that what you're getting at # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: #1 {X} Yeah uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: Called the- Interviewer: Uh-huh 387: You know- the back log Interviewer: Sure Now you mentioned kindling Have you ever heard people around here refer to that kind of wood as lightered or light wood 387: I've heard it but very seldom Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Very seldom They just don't call that much around here Interviewer: Mm-hmm The- The usual term is kindling 387: {NW} It's kindling around here Now- {NW} I don't- It- it might even {D:mesh up} My grandfather that was the preacher He used to tell me about- When he was raised in Lamar county they called it kindling and he was telling about one time- I think the first church he- that he was ever assigned to was in Limestone county in north Alabama and he was telling about how cold it was It was in a little community called {X} and he- and they didn't have- and they didn't call it kindling there they called it lightered #1 he said # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: And it was- and he felt like it- they didn't have much pine there and so they just used any- #1 Anything soft they could find # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm #1 Sure sure # 387: #2 Thought I'd throw that in # But no you just don't really hear it that much They call it kindling around here Interviewer: Okay Did uh- 387: Or pine or pine knots #1 that's # Interviewer: #2 right # Sure Okay What about something uh- right above the fire place where you might have pictures or- 387: The mantel #1 Is that what you're getting at # Interviewer: #2 Yes mm-hmm # 387: #1 Mm-hmm that's what I call it the- # Interviewer: #2 Okay # Alright what about the thing that uh- the smoke goes out of You just call that a- 387: The chimney Interviewer: Mm-hmm You ever seen any around here that were made out of stick and dirt or- any- uh material like that in older houses 387: No I've never seen one of those Interviewer: {X} #1 Seen pictures of them in the {D:Fox Fire book} # 387: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 but I've never seen one of those # 387: #2 Right uh-huh # Interviewer: Okay {NW} Did you have uh- an open area right in front of the fire place It might have been bricked over or something like that 387: The hearth #1 Is that what you're getting at # Interviewer: #2 Yeah right # 387: Yeah that's always talk of the- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: talk of the hearth Interviewer: Okay {NW} Now inside of the fire place after you've burned a lot of wood you'll get this residue left #1 those would just be # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # Soot Or ashes Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay I'm after a phrase here just for pronunciation talking about ashes if they were gray become gray ashes If they were white you would call them 387: Never heard any distinction #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Well it- # it's just a real simple pronunciation uh phrase different pronunciation if they were gray you'd call them gray ashes if they were white you'd call them 387: White ashes Interviewer: #1 Yeah that's the phrase {X} # 387: #2 {NW} oh okay # Interviewer: A lot of this is- uh- just designed to elicit #1 pronunciation and grammar # 387: #2 Yeah yeah okay # Interviewer: #1 So I'm saying {X} # 387: #2 Sure # Interviewer: Okay When you think about uh- a living room what are some of the typical things that you think about being in a living room 387: Oh I always think of a sofa and a- couple of big easy chairs and- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Uh- {NW} I al- I always thought of the television as being in the- as being in the living room #1 but now # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: I sort of think of On the living- and there not being in the living room and the television being in a den #1 So # Interviewer: #2 Yeah right # 387: But that's what I always think of and- Interviewer: Mm-hmm Sure Okay You mentioned sofa Have you ever heard any other words for sofa #1 around here # 387: #2 oh- # Couch #1 Hear # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: Hear it called couch I don't- Couch and sofa are just {NW} probably- about equal but- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: but hardly anything else #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Okay {NW} What about typical things that you find in the bedroom 387: Oh you find a bed dresser chest of drawers and maybe a night stand Interviewer: Okay what's the difference between a dre- a dresser and a {D:chest of drawers} 387: I always think of the dresser as having a mirror on it and being shorter than the chest of drawers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And uh- {NS} {NW} {NS} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 The {D:chest of drawers} # would just be entirely uh drawers #1 with no mirror or anything like that # 387: #2 drawers with no mirror that's what I think of- # Interviewer: Yeah I see okay What about the place where you'd hang your clothes that would be a- 387: Closet Interviewer: Yeah Are you familiar with any sort of freestanding uh- um- thing that's all hanging space #1 no doors # 387: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 A chifforobe or # Or a robe #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: That's what I Interviewer: What was that last word you said 387: Just a robe #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Robe # 387: Mm-hmm Heard people call them chifforobes and robes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And then uh- What else is the- do they call them- it's a- armoire Interviewer: Yeah 387: I think they get to be armoires when #1 folks would get more {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 387: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Right sure # {NW} Is that the same thing as a wardrobe are you- #1 do you know that word # 387: #2 Yeah oh yeah # Yeah that's the same thing as a wardrobe Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay 387: Or that's what I always Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Understood it to be Interviewer: Alright all these things that we've been talking about like chairs and sofas um- a general word for it would be 387: Furniture Interviewer: Sure You ever heard the people around here use the word plunder to mean furniture #1 Maybe a few old timers # 387: #2 Never have but I'll remember # Interviewer: Or somebody like that #1 {X} # 387: #2 Never have but I'll remember # Interviewer: Okay fine {NW} The things that you have over your windows to keep out the sunlight you would call them 387: Curtains Interviewer: Okay Do you know the things that uh- are on rollers that you pull down 387: Shades Interviewer: Those are shades and then there are the things that are #1 adjustable # 387: #2 {NW} # Blinds Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay Do you have a place in your house right underneath the top of the house that you might use for a storage area 387: Yeah the- the attic Interviewer: Mm-hmm Any other word for that 387: A lot of folks call it the loft Interviewer: Yeah Would you use that word 387: Mm no I always say attic #1 Just never # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Does- do you wor- do you use the word loft at all in reference to anything 387: No I always think of a loft in a barn #1 but I'm # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: but I don't really know anything there except- you know- except it might be an upper- but I always think of a loft in a barn as just being an upper open part Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: where maybe something's stored or- Interviewer: Right okay and of course the place where you prepare the food that's just a- 387: Kitchen Interviewer: Yeah Around here uh- in older houses have you ever seen the- the kitchen built away from the main part of the house 387: I've seen it in several things and I have a friend that's got one except all the ones I've seen {NS}. Excuse me {NS} Interviewer: Can you tell me about the kitchen 387: Oh Interviewer: built away from the house 387: The only kitchens that I've seen {NW} Not- you know- away from the house {NW} have now either been enclosed by a hallway or something in a- some people make it a little dining area others use it for storage or they've either abandoned the old kitchen #1 and it's just an outside storage house # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: and they- #1 put a modern kitchen inside # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm I see But you haven't heard any particular names for that kind of kitchen that's built away from the house #1 like # 387: #2 Mm # Interviewer: summer kitchen or something like that 387: I may have heard that phrase but I don't- #1 I don't # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: I don't recall anything other than just- #1 the kitchen # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Sure okay What about a room that's built uh- just off the kitchen where you might keep canned goods or extra dishes 387: A pantry Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright And you mentioned this when you were describing your house a lot of old worthless things that you have like a broken down chair that you might not want to throw away You say you just have a lot of 387: Junk Interviewer: Yeah #1 And an area # 387: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: where you would keep that stuff #1 The uh- # 387: #2 Uh- # Interviewer: A room you set aside in the house 387: #1 Just a junk room maybe # Interviewer: #2 junk room sure okay # 387: Some- I've- some people say storage room {D:We all} #1 I say junk room # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm Okay 387: I've- I've sort of- said it's a place to hide paint brushes #1 and paint cans and everything # Interviewer: #2 {NW} sure # Okay {NS} I'm going to ask you about this uh- {NS} expression {NS} say if a woman gets up in the morning and she moves around the house maybe she dusts a little uh- maybe she straightens something- you know What would you say she's doing 387: Cleaning up Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay {NW} And if she's sweeping the thing that she would use you would just call that a 387: Broom Interviewer: Yeah Now talking about the broom if I were looking for it and if it was in a corner and the door was open #1 so that I couldn't see it # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: In relation to the door you'd say the broom was 387: Behind the door Interviewer: Yeah You ever use uh- the phrase back of the door #1 Back of # 387: #2 Mm # Interviewer: rather than behind 387: No I really don't Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay 387: I've heard that um- but not very often Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright Have you ever heard your- your parents or your grandparents maybe talk about just specific chores that were done- done on certain uh- days of the week One particular day for doing particular activities 387: I've heard them- the only thing- I've heard them talk about wash day Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: But I don't know which day that was Uh- {NS} {X} I've heard a lot- you know- a lot of folks talk and- especially the older folks- talk about the Saturday night #1 baths and everything # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: #1 but my grandfather said they took a bath every day # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah So that's a myth about bathing 387: #1 Well as far as he was concerned it was # Interviewer: #2 Yeah {NW} # Right okay What would you- what would you say you were doing if you had a- um- you know- if all your dirty clothes had accumulated {NS} and you needed to clean them you'd say 387: I'm- I was washing them Interviewer: yeah and to get the wrinkles out you'd be 387: Ironing Interviewer: Yeah Do you have one word that would cover that sort of activity 387: I- Maybe laundering #1 or cleaning # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: But I never use the word laundering I say I take my shirts to the laundry to get them #1 you know cleaned # Interviewer: #2 Do you ever say anything like # I've got to do my laundry 387: No I don't but I've heard that quite a bit Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: #1 Doing the wash # Interviewer: #2 Okay # Right alright {NW} Uh- Your house I- I've asked if it has one of these places right out front you know where you might have a swing or- 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Some chairs 387: That's a porch Interviewer: Yeah On this house does the porch end at the front of the house or does it- you know- go along the sides 387: No it- it's- it's on the front only it doesn't curve around Interviewer: Yeah Are you familiar with that kind #1 that goes around the house # 387: #2 Oh yeah # Interviewer: #1 # 387: #2 # Interviewer: Does it have any other name than porch or- {NS} 387: {NS} Heard of wrap around porch is all Interviewer: Okay {NS} 387: {NS} Excuse me Interviewer: A wrap around porch 387: I heard {NS} {NW} I- I feel like you're getting to verandas is that what- Interviewer: True mm-hmm 387: I- You just never hear that here or just- or I never have Interviewer: Yeah 387: I may have heard one- you know- one or two people #1 but you see it and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: #1 I think they read it in a magazine somewhere # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Sure What about gallery for porch 387: Never heard of that at all Interviewer: Okay {NW} So talking about the porch you would uh- climb up the what to get from the front yard to the porch 387: The steps Interviewer: Yeah now inside if you're going to the second floor you'd go up the 387: Stairs Interviewer: Stairs inside okay {NW} This expression if I walked in your living room and left the door open and you didn't want it to stay that way you'd tell me to do what 387: Close the door Interviewer: Okay anything besides that 387: A lot of people say shut but I always use the word close Interviewer: Is there any difference in the two phrases to you like- {NW} As far as politeness goes maybe 387: I think close would be the more- the- {NW} the more polite Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: phrase of the two Interviewer: Okay 387: Although I don't think there's really anything you know- I don't know of anybody that would take any offense #1 if they were told to shut the door # Interviewer: #2 to shut the door yeah # {NW} okay fine {NW} Uh frame houses the way their constructed on the outside you know- so that the boards kind of #1 lap over each other like this # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: {NW} You know a name for that kind of construction 387: Weather board Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay {NW} I'm gonna ask you how you'd use the word drive for example I might say that I'm gonna get in my car and- to town 387: I- I always say go Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay {NW} I wanna particularly investigate this- #1 this verb though # 387: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: If you were going to use the word- the word drive you would say I got in my car and I- 387: #1 Oh and I drove to town # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # And if you've done a lot of it lately you'd say I've- #1 a hundred # 387: #2 I- # #1 I've driven a hundred miles # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # I sure'd have liked to 387: Drive Interviewer: Right okay alright Getting back to the house uh the part that covers the entire top that would be the 387: Roof Interviewer: Okay {NW} On the roof are you familiar with these things uh right on the edge that are constructed to carry off rain water 387: Gutters Interviewer: Gutters yeah alright {NW} And some houses that have uh oh different slopes of the roof A place where two different slopes would meet say- #1 this area right here # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Do you have a name for that 387: Valley Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay Could that ever be called a gutter around here 387: Uh I guess it could be- I've- I don't- I've never heard that I've got some- some things on my house that- that there aren't- there are almost a lot of old houses- they're- they're built in gutters but they're nothing other than that just a- they're an indention in the roof #1 it's # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: They're on a flat roof Interviewer: Mm-hmm I see So usual term around here would be valley far as you 387: For- for- yeah mm-hmm I think so Interviewer: Alright {NW} What about a little building you might have uh- in your back yard or if {D:you're} on a farm uh- around the farm house where you might store uh- keep your tools things like that 387: Garage Interviewer: Okay Any other type of little building for storage 387: #1 A lot of folks call it a barn # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: But I never refer to it as a barn. Interviewer: Do you think of a barn as being a pretty large building 387: I think- I think of a- of a barn not only as being large but as being out in the country #1 and s- # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: #1 place where- # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: you know #1 I always- # Interviewer: #2 You wouldn't expect to find a barn in # 387: #1 In town that's right # Interviewer: #2 {X} yeah # Uh-huh {NW} Do you know the word shed 387: Mm-hmm I always think of a shed as being an addition to a garage or a- or a barn A place on the side of it that's supported on one side by the- #1 by the main structure # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see # It's not free-standing then 387: I- I never think of a shed as being- being free-standing Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay {NW} Around here before people had indoor plumbing what about toilet facilities 387: {NW} They had an outhouse Interviewer: Mm-hmm You ever heard any other terms for outhouse 387: Heard it called privy Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 Okay # 387: #2 but- # But hardly anything else Interviewer: Alright Okay Talking about the- the farm when you think of a farm around here what are some of the typical buildings that come to mind 387: Think of the house and a barn and I always think of the well house Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Little house where the pump is Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Some people call it the pump house #1 I always call it the well house # Interviewer: #2 so # th- there was some structure uh- built over the well then in this part of the country 387: There is now because it's- you- need to protect the pump from freezing #1 in the winter time # Interviewer: #2 Right mm-hmm # Yeah I see {NS} 387: In the past there'd- there'd- a lot of times there wouldn't be anything but a- but a gutter I mean but a curb Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And then a- a- a little stri- you know- something to hold the {X} pull the- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: bucket up with Interviewer: Yeah I see {NW} What about uh- a- a building where you might keep grain or corn 387: I don't- people call that the crib but I don't- {NW} I don't e- I've never had any dealings at all with that Interviewer: Not too- #1 you're not personally familiar with {X} # 387: #2 No uh-uh # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 387: #2 But people call # I hear people talk of the crib Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NW} Another building for- for grain in general do people around here ever use the word granary or granary {C: ae first, eI second} 387: Never heard anybody use that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I never have Interviewer: Alright Uh what about the word silo 387: #1 Oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 {D:Mean} anything to you # 387: Oh yeah A silo's the large uh- cylinder shaped uh- it's- it's for storing silage it's- Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm yeah # 387: #2 Uh- # Souring lea- Uh- stalks and leaves Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 I always think of corn as being # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 silage # but it's put in there to sour and to- Interviewer: Right 387: feed the cattle with Interviewer: Okay {NW} This word just for pronunciation the word house uh- but plural would be say three or four 387: Houses Interviewer: Sure okay {NW} what- talking about uh- hay after the hay's cut if a farmer's not gonna bale it right away he just might pile it up into these big old things what would you call that 387: I'd call it a shock Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: But I don't think many other folks around here would Interviewer: What do you suppose other people would call it 387: I think most of them would just call it a pile of hay #1 I don't think they'd have any name for it # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # What about hay stack 387: I hardly ever- I- hardly ever heard that word except in nursery rhymes Interviewer: Yeah do you see the things around here much hay piled up like that 387: No {NW} Hardly ever becau- but I- You see these round bales is all I- You #1 I- # Interviewer: #2 Kind of wrapped up like a rug # 387: Uh-huh #1 well- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: It's a- it's just wrapped up into a large bale oh maybe eight or nine feet high #1 or eighty-nine- # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: eight or nine feet in diameter Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Hardly ever see it- see it piled up except when they rake it and bale it that- you just- Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 it's # Interviewer: Mm-hmm So they still call them bales although they're not those the ones that you used to see #1 the kind of rectangular shaped ones # 387: #2 Yeah uh- # Well they still do that a lot too but I- Yeah they- I think they do call it bales even- either one of them Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay {NW} Around here can you have a shelter for hay if you just want to put it in the barn you might just uh- have some kind of structure like four poles and a roof that you'd stick it under 387: I don't know about that I- I- you might I- I don't know any- any name I always hear people talk of the hay barn Interviewer: Yeah but that's a fully enclosed uh- 387: I always think of- think of it as being fully- you know- Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 being fully enclosed # Interviewer: Yeah Okay Alright {NW} Does the word windrow mean anything to you {NS} 387: No Interviewer: #1 Okay fine # 387: #2 {X} # Interviewer: That's alright {NS} {NS} Alright uh- {NS} Let's see what about buildings where uh- your animals would be kept like- would you have any kind of special barns for the cows 387: Uh {NS} No I don't think so- I always- I always think of the- you know- where animals are as being the barn Interviewer: Yeah 387: But uh- If it were chickens I always think of it being the chicken house Interviewer: Sure 387: #1 Or the hen house # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Right Do you know cow barn You ever heard that around here 387: I've heard it but I always think a cow barn {NS} as being a place where they're- where they're taken {NS} To be sold Interviewer: Mm-hmm I see 387: #1 That's # Interviewer: #2 Kind of a # like at an auction 387: That- yeah that's a good- #1 that's exactly # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay 387: I heard the ha- cow barn or the horse barn or the pig barn uh- but I always think of that as being the Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Place where they're- uh- you know- #1 where they're sold # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Would there be- you mentioned horses- would there be a- a- shelter or building for horses on the farm other than the place where they're sold 387: Maybe the stable #1 would be all # Interviewer: #2 stable # 387: But I always think of the stable As being sort of a corral inside the barn I don't think of the stable as being a- as being a- Interviewer: #1 a separate # 387: #2 a separate building # Interviewer: Yeah okay {NW} And on the farm the place where you keep your hogs at would be the {NS} 387: Just the pig pen #1 Or the hog pen # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Yeah You ever heard of a- of a hog pen that had a concrete floor 387: Few years ago the made them They made them Uh they- some- I don't understand all that #1 of course not being in the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: #1 in the hog business but- # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: {NS} Somebody had some sort of regulations I'm sure the- some government regulation that- that pigs to be sold if they were to be sold in- in the market they had to be raised on concrete and- and any food or slop that they were fed had to be cooked twice but I think that that's done away with uh- I think a few folks maybe- maybe did it but it turned out to be- {NS} you know- it took more capital than they had and it just took more- you know- it was just more than they could afford to- #1 to do it and- # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: and I think that was probably- I think the supply really got low and that's why they probably abandoned the regulation Interviewer: Yeah you ever heard of a hog parlor {NS} 387: Only- I've heard of it but the only reason I've heard of it is reading cases it's referred to in the real old cases #1 on- # Interviewer: #2 {D:Is that right} # 387: when you're talking about nuisances #1 {D:is} hog parlor # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # {NW} Okay {NW} Uh- What about a place where a farmer would milk his cows 387: I always think of that as being the milking barn Interviewer: The milking barn okay but no place outside where they'd be milked 387: Mm no Never. Interviewer: Okay {NW} Are they any farms around here where uh- just milk cows are raised 387: Oh yeah {X} dairy Interviewer: Mm-hmm Yeah {NW} What about uh- this situation in days before people had uh- uh- uh- refrigeration what did they do about perishables like milk and butter 387: They- they put it in the well and that's what I understand Interviewer: You ever heard of them putting it maybe in the stream or 387: #1 Putting it in a spring yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh moving {X} water # 387: Mm-hmm But Interviewer: Keep it cold 387: But so many times {NS} you know- that wasn't as convenient as a well if they had one #1 of course # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: the wells in those days were dug rather than drilled like they are now they were big enough to put it down in there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: and uh- but in a- most folk- you know- most folks just didn't want to have to walk to a stream even if they were you know- even if they lived very close to it #1 it was still # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: pretty good little- you know- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: a walk to #1 get it out # Interviewer: #2 yeah # I see 387: But not very much of that mostly folks put it in the well Interviewer: {NW} You ever heard of people digging out a place somewhere to store their potatoes in the winter time maybe cover them with dirt and corn shucks 387: I've just read about that I've never heard of anybody around here doing it Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay fine The open area around a barn on the farm where the animals would be- be free to walk around what would you call that place 387: The lot Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay now the place where your cattle graze what would you call that 387: The pasture Interviewer: Yeah now when you think of a pasture do you think of it as being open or fenced in 387: Well I think of it being fenced Interviewer: Mm-hmm What kind of fencing would be used around here 387: Barbed wire Interviewer: Do you have names for any other kind of wired fencing 387: Uh hog wire and chicken wire but uh- the hog wire as being the- the- wire that's probably oh four or six inches and the holes in it are four or six inches square and the chicken wire maybe a- it's- it- the holes more round maybe an inch in Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: diameter Interviewer: Yeah okay What about wooden fencing around here 387: Only wooden fencing around here is decorative I think just- around uh- be just around somebody's house just enclosing their yard- just be- I think decorative fencing Of course they use wooden posts you know with the barbed wire quite a bit but- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: But not You never see any wooden fences Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I don't ever remember seeing anything {D:like that} Oth- other than decorative fences Interviewer: Do you have a name for this particular kind of decorative fencing you know that comes to a point #1 it's usually painted white # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # A picket fence Interviewer: Picket fence yeah Does uh paling fence mean anything to you 387: Mm no Interviewer: Okay what about the type of wooden fence that you make from split rails and it's in a zig zag sort of arrangement 387: I always- I've- a rail fence Interviewer: #1 Rail fence yeah # 387: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: You mentioned posts this is just for pronunciation but just one of them would be a 387: Post Interviewer: Okay {NW} What about in this part of the country do you ever see uh- walls or fences made out of loose stone or rock 387: Not- Not loose I don't think You'd see a rock wall sometime but it'd be cemented and usually for- around the house you know decorative Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay On- on another- on a farm where- the place where oh say cotton grows you would say cotton grows in a 387: Field Interviewer: Mm-hmm Is there any something different from a field maybe in size that you would call by some other name 387: Yeah maybe a small one would be a patch Interviewer: Yeah so the difference between patch and field is 387: #1 the size I think # Interviewer: #2 the size of it # but you could grow the same thing in a patch as you could in a field 387: Right I think so Interviewer: Okay Tell me about cotton was uh- cotton ever grown in this area 387: Oh yeah mm-hmm Quite a bit There's not much now but yeah it used to be {D:grown a lot} Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NW} What about uh- when you uh- worked the cotton have you heard any uh- specific terms used by people when they're talking about 387: Heard folks chopping cotton but I always thought and hoeing cotton Interviewer: Yeah 387: but I always thought of chopping as being the {NW} you know using the hoe and thinning it Interviewer: #1 Right # 387: #2 So # so it's not you know cutting a few plants out and leaving one every foot or whatever Then I've always thought of the hoeing as being- as cultivating Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: #1 Loosening the soil {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay 387: I don't know if that's right but that's the way I #1 understood it # Interviewer: #2 Alright # Good to know {NW} What about some of the- the grass that uh- gives trouble in a cotton field #1 {X} # 387: #2 That's weeds # Interviewer: Okay any special kind of weed that uh you have trouble with around here 387: #1 Johnson grass probably # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Okay 387: Probably Johnson grass Interviewer: Alright I asked you about a few utensils things like that if you were going to uh uh get some water out of the well you'd take a what with you 387: Bucket Interviewer: Alright Now what if you're going to milk a cow what would you take 387: A bucket Interviewer: Alright You ever heard any other words used 387: Pail maybe but- but not very often around here Interviewer: #1 To you is there a difference # 387: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: between a bucket and a pail 387: I always think of a pail as being a bucket that's kept extra clean and used only for milking maybe you know a real shiny one but I don't know that there's any difference Interviewer: But bucket and pail could be made of the same thing 387: Oh yeah I think {D:that} Interviewer: Okay {NW} What about uh if your wife was having company uh talking about her best dishes what they're made of 387: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 you can say they're made of # 387: {D: China} Interviewer: Alright uh have you ever hear of an egg being made out of {D:that} or something similar that a farmer would put in a hen's nest #1 to fool it into laying # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # I've heard of that But I don't know any name for it other than just an egg Interviewer: okay {NW} This is a phrase just for pronunciation again but talking about an egg like that that were made of plastic you call it plastic egg 387: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 If it were made of china you'd call it a # 387: China egg Interviewer: Okay This is another type of container that uh women kept around the kitchen to throw scraps in for the hogs 387: A slop bucket Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay What would you use if you were going to fry an egg or fry a piece of ham 387: Frying pan Interviewer: Okay any other words for this 387: Skillet Interviewer: Okay Ever heard of one that had legs that was used for cooking in the fire place 387: A- a skillet pot Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: No the only thing that that I've heard used in the you know in the fire place would be a dutch oven {D:now} Interviewer: Dutch oven {D:yeah} 387: #1 Course it'd have a- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # deeper than a skillet or- 387: It's- yeah- it's deeper. I think of it being more like a kettle but it has a top and it- and it'd have a- sort of a the- the top t- would be sort of concave so it'll hold cold. #1 and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: I think that's what I think of- or have a lip around the edge anyway so they wouldn't just fall off that's what I think of it as. Interviewer: Yeah {X} Uh You ever heard the word spider used uh to mean a skillet with legs 387: No #1 never have # Interviewer: #2 never heard that okay # You mentioned kettle now would you ever use the word kettle to describe one of these great big old black vessels you see sitting in people's front yards out in the country 387: I wouldn't No uh I don't- I'm- I never have heard that I don't think Interviewer: What would you call that 387: A wash pot Interviewer: Wash pot alright This is a container that you would uh use to um display cut flowers in 387: #1 A vase # Interviewer: #2 inside # Alright and the names of the individual pieces that you use when you're eating a meal #1 those would be # 387: #2 uh # I always say the silver Interviewer: Okay What about each individual piece 387: The knife and the spoon and the fork Interviewer: Okay and knife the plural would be 387: Knives Interviewer: Okay Uh Say that you've eaten a meal and the dishes are dirty you say you have to do what #1 to the dishes # 387: #2 wash the dishes # Interviewer: Okay and to get the soap suds off #1 you have to # 387: #2 rinse them # Interviewer: Okay Do you have a name for the piece of cloth or rag that you use when you're washing the dishes 387: I always call it the dish rag Interviewer: Okay what about the one that you use when you're drying them 387: The dish towel Interviewer: Okay and the thing that you would use to bathe your face with when you're taking a bath 387: I say wash rag Interviewer: Okay and the big one that you dry off with 387: The towel Interviewer: Alright In your kitchen the thing right over the sink that the water comes out of do you have a name for that 387: I call it the faucet Interviewer: Alright Now outside the thing that you'd hook a garden hose up to what about that 387: I call that the faucet too Interviewer: Okay you know these portable water containers uh- that you might take fishing #1 or whatever # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: There's usually a thing that you press or something that the water would come out of do you have a name for that 387: I don't ever use anything I guess I'd- I guess that would be the spigot Interviewer: Okay fine Alright this verb I'm after say it's winter time and you uh turn on the water in the morning but nothing comes out you might say well great I'll bet the pipe's 387: Frozen Interviewer: Okay and they might actually 387: They might bust Interviewer: #1 Okay # 387: #2 I say bust # Interviewer: Alright 387: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Bust # Uh this is another container that people used years and years ago uh to ship a lot of flour in 387: Barrel Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm sure # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 # 387: #2 # Interviewer: What about something that looks like a barrel except it's smaller about 387: That'd be a nail {D: kick} #1 That's what I say # Interviewer: #2 Sure okay # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Do you have a name for those uh metal things that go around the barrel and hold the staves in place 387: I'd- just- hoop Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay the plural would be several 387: #1 Hoops # Interviewer: #2 oh okay # This is something that you would put in a a narrow mouth bottle if you were oh bottling wine or some kind of liquid to keep it from spilling that would be a 387: {NW} Top Interviewer: #1 {X} # 387: #2 Cap # Interviewer: You'd use a uh okay let's go ahead and go with that I needed that one anyway just wasn't what I was after but what you would put in it to keep it from spilling out that would be a 387: Oh a stopper #1 if you put it in {D:there} uh-huh okay # Interviewer: #2 Yeah right uh-huh # What would you think of that stopper as being made out of 387: Cork Interviewer: Okay and this other thing I talked about uh let's see {NS} {X} a little sketch kind of looks like this you know That would be a what 387: Funnel Interviewer: Yeah right that's what I {NS} alright and this something that you would uh crack around the horse's ears to get them to go faster if you were driving a buggy 387: A whip Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright 387: {NS} Excuse me {X} {NS} Interviewer: Alright let's see If you were in the grocery store uh after you've made your purchase the grocery boy would put your purchase in a what 387: Sack Interviewer: Okay What would it be made out of 387: Paper Interviewer: Alright Now what if you wanted to buy something like twenty-five pounds of flour what would that come in 387: It'd come in a- what I call a flour sack Interviewer: Okay What about a- something that's uh- like that that's made out of a coarse rough material that uh- 387: It'd be a tow sack Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 Or a burlap sack # Tow sack mostly Interviewer: You ever hear the- have you ever heard that called a croaker sack 387: Mm-hmm #1 Not quite as much as tow sack # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: but I have heard that called {NS} crocker sack Interviewer: Alright fine Say if a farmer were uh {D:carrying} some corn to the mill to be ground just talking about the amount that he could take at one time you'd say he was taking a what 387: A load Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 I guess # I can't- Interviewer: Okay fine Do you know the word turn used that way he's taking a turn of corn 387: Mm-mm no I don't Never heard that Interviewer: Okay fine In a- in a lamp The thing that you screw in the lamp that provides the light that's just a 387: Bulb Interviewer: Yeah would you ever use two words to describe that 387: Light bulb Interviewer: Sure fine And this is something that uh you'd probably use to take wet clothes out to the yard to hang them up on the line 387: A- a basket Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay And let's see This is a musical instrument that you play with your mouth and you move it like so 387: Harmonica #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Right # 387: I- {NS} lot of people here call it a harp Interviewer: Harp yeah You ever heard it called a French harp around here 387: Heard of a French harp but I don't know exactly I- I think that's a little bit different #1 supposed to be # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Okay What about- this is another musical instrument that you play with your mouth but you kind of pluck it 387: Yeah that's a Jew's harp Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright 387: Around here that's a juice harp #1 they call it # Interviewer: #2 juice harp # 387: #1 I think I've # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Okay {NW} Uh This is very common too what you'd use to beat nails with that would just be a 387: Hammer Interviewer: Right Going to ask you a few things about a wagon uh Do you know what you call the wooden piece that goes between the horses #1 on a wagon # 387: #2 I think that's the tongue # Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay Now if {D:you're on}- had a buggy if you were hitching the horses up to a buggy there are these two wooden arms that you back the animal between 387: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 when you're hitching him up # Do you have a name for those 387: I- I've heard it but I don't know what that is I- Interviewer: Would sheds do that Would you ever use that 387: Heard that but that's not what I was- What I was thinking of uh I'm not sure what it was That's not what I was thinking of Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I was thinking maybe tree but I'm not sure if that's right or not Interviewer: That might be related to something I'll ask you 387: Okay Interviewer: In just a second Alright very- uh on a wagon wheel the outside edge of the wheel you just call that the 387: #1 Uh the rim # Interviewer: #2 what of the wheel # Right Alright now this is might be what you were thinking about but on the wagon you know the trace chains 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: On a wagon they come back and attach to this horizontal arm that moves like this to stabilize the wagon #1 Now do you have a name for that # 387: #2 Now that's the single trail {X} # Interviewer: Yeah right 387: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 okay # Was that what you were thinking about 387: #1 No {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: uh-uh that's not I'm- I just can't think of what I'm was thinking of But I'm- I- the reason I saw some of those in a in an old #1 antique place out here the other day # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: and something in- the mail was calling them something I can't remember what it was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I just can't remember what they Interviewer: {X} #1 {X} # 387: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What about uh- talking about a singletree if you have two horses and each one has a singletree they were both to be attached to a larger one What would that be called 387: A double singletree {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay Alright this {D:expression}- {D:Say folk} a farmer goes by in his wagon and he's got a- a load of wood and it- and uh- shortly he comes back with an empty wagon and then a little later he comes back with another load you know this just goes on all day what would you say he's doing 387: Cutting wood Interviewer: Alright specifically the process of- 387: #1 He's hauling wood # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Right okay Alright now How you'd use the word drag let's say if I had a trunk that was too heavy to pick up I might just say well I couldn't uh uh picked that thing up I just- across the floor 387: I- I'd say pull it Interviewer: #1 Okay # 387: #2 but # Interviewer: Now if you had to use some form of the word drag there it was too heavy to pick up I just 387: Drag it Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay If you did it yesterday you'd say yesterday I 387: Dragged it Interviewer: Okay I have- that thing all day 387: Dragged Interviewer: Okay I'm going to have to- 387: Drag Interviewer: Okay Alright getting back to uh the farm work on the farm uh a farmer would uh break the ground with a what 387: With a plow Interviewer: Mm-kay Do you know names for different kinds 387: Little bit uh I always talk of a turning plows Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And then uh A cultivator is {X} Just- just to loosen it Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay You ever heard things like middle busters or- 387: Uh-huh Interviewer: #1 Or {X} # 387: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 387: #2 I always heard of # middle busters as- as- used mostly in in corn just to break the crust just run the- you know- run the middles and not- not really get weeds out from around the individual plants Interviewer: Right okay fine do you know of- a- another instrument similar to that that you use for breaking up the ground even finer after you plowed the first time 387: A disk maybe Interviewer: Okay any other word that would do that 387: Mm Interviewer: Okay do you know- do you know the word H-A-R-R- 387: Harrow Interviewer: Yeah 387: Mm yeah but I- I've never understood exactly what a harrow was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I always think- thought of a harrow- and I think I'm mistaken- as being sort of a cross between a plow and rake. #1 but I don't know how # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm yeah # 387: Maybe that's Interviewer: That's the- that's the way I #1 think of it too # 387: #2 I always think of a harrow # as getting- getting uh- the dirt clots out #1 and maybe getting them in a pile # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: #1 but I don't know if that's right or not # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # Okay Alright talking about wagons the thing that runs underneath the wagon that the wheels are attached to that would j- #1 just be the- # 387: #2 the axle # Interviewer: Yeah okay What about- this is a- a kind of a wooden frame that a carpenter would use when doing his work of- it's got legs kind of like that {D:there a cross piece} 387: Saw horse Interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm Are you familiar with another type of uh- frame that {D:sort of} shaped like an X you could uh- brace a log right there in the middle you know for sewing it 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Do you have a name for that kind of thing 387: No I don't have any name at all for that Interviewer: Saw book or a wood rag uh- anything like that 387: I don't think I've ever heard of those Interviewer: Okay fine 387: But I- #1 I know what you're talking about I just # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: I never had to talk about that Interviewer: Alright Uh In the morning when you get up you would uh use either a comb or a what on your hair 387: Brush Interviewer: Okay The verb form you say you're going to 387: Brush or comb Interviewer: Alright What do call this uh- leather thing that men uh- used to use to sharpen a straight razors on 387: A strop Interviewer: Alright and this is something uh- {X} ammunition you would say that you fired a- a shell in a shotgun but you fired what in a pistol or a rifle 387: A cartridge Interviewer: Alright And this is something you probably played on when you were growing up a long board with one kid on one end and one on the other 387: That's a see-saw Interviewer: Okay What would you say you were doing 387: See-sawing Interviewer: Alright Now this is another thing that you played on except instead of going up and down it went round and round 387: I always called that a merry-go-round Interviewer: Mm-hmm {X} you ever heard of any other term for it {NS} 387: No I can't think of one Interviewer: What about flying jenny You ever heard of that 387: I've heard of that but I always thought of that as being a ride at a carnival Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And I don't know if I ever knew exactly what it was Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay But you have heard of the term 387: Oh I've heard the term Interviewer: Yeah 387: But I always thought of that as being a big motorized- I mean a ride- you know- #1 a ride at the carnival # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: But I'm- I'm- Interviewer: Yeah 387: I never knew exactly which one it was Interviewer: Okay Since you have heard it could you just say it for me 387: Flying jenny Interviewer: Yes alright And this is something that's suspended from the limb of a tree 387: That's a swing Interviewer: Yes okay {NW} I think you mentioned the people around here used uh- coal for heating 387: {NW} Some Interviewer: Some did 387: I think it- I think more in the past now- I mean even just the past few years #1 maybe ten or fifteen years # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # {NW} Uh Do you have any idea what you would call a container that you might keep next to the stove with some coal in it you know 387: A scuttle Interviewer: Mm-hmm Is that- does it have kind of a tapered uh- lip for pouring 387: #1 Uh- huh yeah # Interviewer: #2 or is it # 387: And it- it does It's- it- it opens wider at the top Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: and then has a- like you say- a lip for pouring Interviewer: Okay What would you call- talking about a coal burning stove the pipe that runs out the back of the stove that would just be a 387: The stove pipe Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay Now this is something that you would use in yard work it has a wheel out front and pick up on it 387: Wheelbarrow or wheelbarrow it's- {C: alternate pronunciation of wheelbarrow} Interviewer: #1 Okay # 387: #2 What # some folks say. Interviewer: Right What- what do you usually say 387: I say wheelbarrow Interviewer: Wheelbarrow 387: My daddy said wheelbarrow {C: alternate pronunciation of wheelbarrow}. Interviewer: Alright 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: {NW} And this is something that you would hold in your hand kind of like a rock #1 to sharpen a knife on # 387: #2 That's a wet rock # Interviewer: Alright What about a bigger one that you would use to sharpen an axe on 387: I think that'd be a grinding wheel or an emery wheel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay 387: I always think that the- that the grinding wheel is operated by foot power and an emery wheel is on an electric motor #1 I don't know why I think that but that's just # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm yeah # Okay {NW} What about the- the vehicle that uh- you drive around in to get from place to place usually you would just call that a 387: Car Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay {NW} And say if uh your wife was going to- to bake a cake she would do what to the pan to make sure it wouldn't stick to it 387: Grease it Interviewer: Alright The past of that you'd say an hour ago she did what 387: Greased Interviewer: Alright if she gets it all over her fingers her fingers are very 387: Greasy Interviewer: Okay {NW} Say if uh- you drove your car into a service station and you wanted him to check it you would ask him to look up under the hood and check the 387: Oil Interviewer: Alright {NW} What about the- the fuel that people burned in uh uh lamps before they had electricity 387: It was kerosene Interviewer: Mm-hmm any other word for that that you know of 387: Everyone's probably heard people call it coal oil but not very much Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 the usual term is kerosene # 387: #2 Kerosene # Interviewer: #1 Okay {NW} # 387: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Around here have you ever heard of people making a- a makeshift lamp or a temporary lamp out of a- a bottle with some kerosene and- a rag for a wick 387: I've never heard of that I don't think Interviewer: Do you know the word flambeau used that way 387: I've heard of flam- the only thing I always think of flambeau as being the little round containers they use on the side- use to have on the side of the road and they would light them you know when they were you know construction projects Interviewer: I see okay 387: I always thought of that as being a flambeau Interviewer: Yeah I- uh would use the word smudge pot for something like that do you know about that term 387: I think a smudge pot as being a a big thing like a garbage can or a fifty-five gallon drum that they build a fire in in Florida to keep the oranges warm Interviewer: #1 Hmm in the orchards I see # 387: #2 that's what I think of it as # Interviewer: Hmm That's interesting Okay Uh The inside part of the tire that inflates you'd call that the inner 387: Tube Interviewer: Alright What about uh- this verb if you had a boat and you were going to check it out put it in the water the process of putting the boat in the water you say you're going to what the boat 387: Some people say launch Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm yeah # 387: #2 but I say # put the boat in the water Interviewer: Okay I was after launch #1 just for pronunciation # 387: #2 Uh-huh # Interviewer: Around here if you were going fishing on a pond or a lake what kind of boat would you see uh people using 387: A fishing boat Interviewer: Okay any other particular name for one 387: In the past year or two it's gotten to be bass boat #1 everybody # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: says bass boat but Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: But- but- I'd- I wouldn't say I- Think anything other than fishing boat Interviewer: Yeah {NW} do you have a special name for one that you have to use oars with it doesn't have a motor 387: No Interviewer: Like row boat 387: Heard that #1 but you know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: I never say that and then never hear it Interviewer: Have you ever heard of any of these uh John boat bateau pirogue any of those 387: Heard of pirogue. I just #1 in songs and things # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm yeah # 387: #1 I always think of it as being a dug out canoe # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh right # Okay fine {NW} Alright say if your wife is going to make a dress of something she would carry with her a little square of cloth to match you know the material what would you call that 387: A sample Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay and this adjective if she's looking at dresses at a window she would say my goodness that sure is a- dress 387: Pretty Interviewer: {D:And the} comparative of that you would say oh this one's pretty but I think this one's even- 387: Prettier Interviewer: Okay {NW} and the thing that she wears around her waist when she works in the kitchen that would be a 387: Apron Interviewer: Alright and this thing right here with ink you would call it a 387: Pen Interviewer: Okay and you say a dime is worth what in terms of cents 387: Ten cents Interviewer: Okay {NW} and uh- you would keep a baby's diaper together with a 387: Pin Safety pin Interviewer: Okay and #1 some of these old houses out in the country you see # 387: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: that have these metal roofs 387: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 that # metal is probably 387: Tin Interviewer: Okay Alright talking about clothing what would you say the man's three piece suit consists of 387: Uh trousers and a suit and a vest I mean trousers coat and a vest #1 Excuse me # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm okay # Any other terms for trousers #1 that men use around here # 387: #2 Pants # Interviewer: Pants okay 387: I always think of trousers as being dress pants and- Interviewer: Right okay Alright the- the verb bring how would you use that a delivery boy might uh come up to your house and say I've- you a package 387: #1 I brought you a package # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Yesterday he 387: Brought Interviewer: Okay He's going to 387: Bring Interviewer: me another one okay Alright this uh- verb if I'm trying on some clothes I might say well uh that coat won't fit this year but last year it- perfectly 387: It fit perfectly Interviewer: Okay and if your old clothes are worn out say the ones that you wear to church you say you need to go to town to buy yourself a 387: Sunday clothes Interviewer: Okay or let's see #1 another way of getting {X} # 387: #2 A new suit # Interviewer: Yeah that's what I wanted exactly okay If you stuff a lot of things in your pockets your pockets begin to do what 387: Bulge Interviewer: Okay and this verb if you put a shirt in water that's too hot for it it's going to what 387: Fade #1 or shrink # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Right that's what I want uh you put it in the water and it did what 387: Shrunk Interviewer: Okay If you've done that several times you'd say every time I've done that the shirt has 387: Shrunk Interviewer: Okay Alright this expression if a girl is going out on a date and she's spending a lot of time in front of the mirror what would you say she's doing 387: Primping Interviewer: Okay now what if a boy's uh- doing the same thing he's getting ready to go out on a date what would you say about him 387: I'd probably just say he was getting ready Interviewer: Getting ready but you wouldn't say the boy's primping 387: No I always- no I don't think so Interviewer: Mm-kay fine What about the- the big thing that a woman carries all her things around 387: Purse Interviewer: Okay and uh- something that she might wear around her wrist that would be a 387: Bracelet Interviewer: Alright what about around her neck 387: Necklace. Interviewer: Alright What if it were uh- beads or pearls would you call it anything besides a necklace 387: Mm no other the- #1 other than just maybe beads or # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # {NW} Would you say just beads or would you say string of beads or pair of beads #1 any of those sound familiar # 387: #2 No uh-uh # Interviewer: #1 just beads # 387: #2 not at all # Mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay fine 387: I always say necklace myself Interviewer: Right alright uh these are things that men uh- might use to help keep their pants up they go over their shoulders those would be 387: Suspenders Interviewer: Yeah any other word you've heard 387: Heard them called galluses some Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: But not very- not very much Interviewer: What sort of person do you associate that word galluses with uh 387: #1 Somebody old with a big old white handle bar mustache # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 387: {NW} Interviewer: Alright fine You ever heard them called braces 387: I've heard them called that but not very often not very- not very much Interviewer: Okay {NW} and the thing that you would use when it's raining to keep rain off of you that would be 387: Umbrella Interviewer: Yeah any other word for that 387: No Interviewer: What about parasol 387: I always think of parasol as being something that- more decorative than useful and if it was used for anything it'd be to keep the sun off Interviewer: Oh I see okay would women be more likely to use {NS} a parasol 387: Oh yeah I think they'd be {NS} the only ones excuse me {NS} Interviewer: Okay uh talking about making up a bed the last thing that goes on the bed that would be a 387: Bedspread Interviewer: You ever heard any old fashioned words for bedspread 387: Mm No I- Interviewer: What about counterpin or counterpane 387: Never heard those I don't believe Interviewer: Okay {NW} and you would rest your head on a 387: Pillow Interviewer: Alright something that's similar to a pillow except it- it's larger kind of like a big {D:roll} that you might find at the head of the bed 387: Bolster maybe Interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm Now this phrase if it's a particularly large bolster you might say it doesn't go just part way across the bed it goes 387: All the way Interviewer: Alright {NW} And there's something else you might have on a bed in wintertime for warmth they're usually patched together 387: Quilt Interviewer: Yeah {NW} #1 and a place that you would make up on a floor # 387: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: where a child would sleep that would be a 387: Pallet Interviewer: Okay {NW} getting back to the land uh this is an adjective you might use a farmer might say that uh he expects to get a big crop this year because the soil is very {NS} 387: Rich Interviewer: Okay another one that you might use there 387: #1 I can't think- # Interviewer: #2 begins with an F # the soil is very 387: Fertile Interviewer: Yeah 387: I don't ever use that one #1 {X} yeah # Interviewer: #2 Well okay it's just for pronunciation # What about a what would you call low lying land uh very good land that uh it's very productive might have had water on it at one time 387: Just #1 bottom land maybe # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Yeah okay # What about the land that's low lying grassland 387: {X} Interviewer: It worked out okay 387: Oh you'll- you'll get a kick out of him yeah Interviewer: {X} 387: Was he raised around here Interviewer: Yeah he's third generation #1 as a matter of fact # 387: #2 Oh well I didn't kn- # I think his daddy works at the post office but I didn't really but I didn't really know him or anything Oh he's a mess well that's good then Interviewer: Do the blacks mostly use his uh uh {X} 387: There's no one here and the competition's hot and heavy #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Is that right # 387: Oh they fight over bodies sometimes Even actually go to court over it Interviewer: Hmm 387: And so uh He tur- I think now though He's probably got more of the business than the other one The other one is strict one there In the past they were the- you know they were the black leaders Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And uh you know {D:and so}- but I think he's sort of Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 I think he's really hurt their business # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 I think he does- # Interviewer: #1 yeah # 387: #2 I think he does quite a bit more # Interviewer: Okay He has an unusual first name alright 387: Cuvier {NW} I don't know where in the world they came up with that Interviewer: It was {D:on} his uh name plate on his desk It was C-U-V-I-E-R I that was a first for me I've never heard of that 387: I'll tell you what you'd be surprised black folks They go they'll have a name and spell it four or five different ways Interviewer: #1 {D:Is that right} # 387: #2 {X} # they have it different on their driver's license and different on their social security card and Interviewer: {D:Yeah} 387: and different on their birth certificate if they have one Interviewer: {X} problems with your legal documents that sort of thing do you have to include them all or 387: Aw not very much except well Try to like make a will get the name that they that they're known by Interviewer: Yeah 387: Usually It doesn't really matter as long as you got something that you can ide- you know identify Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: But I've seen before black ones that would have there would be two brothers named Jimmy No middle name #1 They're both Jimmy or both James or both Charles # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: and it's Interviewer: {NW} 387: and of course that's just you know it's impossible for them Interviewer: {X} what people call them too 387: Oh good grief yeah that's I'm sure it does {D:but it} Well they come to court you know those names Interviewer: Yeah 387: {X} Oh there's some {D:dillicks} down there #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # I- the first person I interviewed for this project was an old black man {D:whose name was} General 387: General Interviewer: Yeah 387: Yeah there's several Generals around Interviewer: That right 387: There's one in Mumford named Early {B} #1 the last name # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 387: Early is his given name Interviewer: #1 Is there whiskey named {X} # 387: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Yeah 387: And that's uh that's his only name Interviewer: Yeah 387: And there are In the {X}- The reason I thought of it I saw one of them on the docket last week for a speeding ticket or something but my sister taught him {D:that one brother and there were two} {X} twins named Huntley and Brinkley {B} Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 387: #2 They always # Remember them you know Interviewer: {NW} yeah 387: {X} comes to court when there there was John Wayne {B} and {D:Jenny Carls} {B} You remember Benny Carl on the television Interviewer: #1 {X} # 387: #2 don't know him # From Birmingham Where where were you where'd you grow up Interviewer: In Troy 387: Troy probably didn't get Birmingham {D:but what'd you call someone there} Interviewer: Was it a local 387: #1 Oh yeah it was the local cartoon show or something like that # Interviewer: #2 program yeah yeah # 387: When we were kids everybody watched Benny Carl Interviewer: I get a kick out of those uh things that you know Faulkner {X} up for something that smokes characters like Montgomery {D:Ward} 387: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} {NW} # That's the word {X} Okay let's see I was asking you about the land and you were telling me about meadow and that wasn't used {X} 387: No I don't think so Interviewer: What about a piece of land that's not good for much of anything because it has water standing on it {X} tide it's got you know trees and bushes growing in it 387: A swamp Interviewer: Yeah Do people around here ever use the word marsh for any kind of- 387: No I don't think so I don't think they do Interviewer: Do you have a name for the land around the ocean you know right on the edge of the water where you might have some sort of growth {X} uh something growing out of it 387: I think that'd be a marsh Interviewer: That would be a marsh okay 387: I always think of marsh as being salt water Interviewer: Yeah 387: But I don't know if that's Interviewer: Sure some people {X} Alright What about uh talking about the land around here different types of soil you know nothing technical just {X} has a lot of sand in it or clay something like that what do you have around here 387: Mostly clay Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 mostly red clay # Especially in Clay county Interviewer: Makes sense 387: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} Yeah # 387: But it's but it's red they call- you know- {X} Red {X} famous for growing watermelons Interviewer: Mm-hmm You know the word loam or uh 387: I know it but I- but it's hardly ever used I always think of loam as being as being dirt with sand in it that's looser Interviewer: Mm-hmm Is that considered good or poor soil 387: Oh I think that's good Interviewer: Good soil okay Have you ever heard of the words buckshot or gumbo used around here to describe soil type 387: No uh-uh Interviewer: Okay {NW} So if a man had a a piece of land with water on it He wants to put it to cultivation you'd say he was doing what to the land to get the water out 387: Draining it Interviewer: Okay and the thing that he dug to take the water off that would be a 387: Ditch Interviewer: Okay Around here uh what do the people call fresh water flowing along 387: a stream Interviewer: Okay now is that as small as it gets or is there anything smaller than a stream 387: Think they go from a river to a creek to a stream and uh- I think a stream and a branch are sort of synonymous Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: and a spring is a I think is a stream that's that's uh I think it's faster running but it's small and it's cold water Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Comes out of the ground I think Interviewer: I see okay Do the creeks or rivers, streams or whatever around here have names 387: Oh yeah Interviewer: Could you name me a few of them off the top of your head 387: Oh yeah there's {X} creek and Port house creek Interviewer: What 387: #1 Port house creek # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 387: and uh- Port house creek's also called uh Port house branch and let's see and it's also called Howl's creek some Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: or Howl's branch m- more Howl's branch and it's it's either c- usually folks refer to it as Howl's branch or Port house creek Interviewer: Is there a {X} good {X} 387: Uh-huh it's the name of a family that settled a- Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: area I think and there's Chop rock creek and there's {D:Cheedhall creek} and uh let's see that's pretty much the creeks and things I think around Interviewer: Any rivers {X} 387: Cushaw river mm-hmm Interviewer: Okay {NW} What about a place that you're walking along in the woods and you come into a place that's oh maybe ten feet deep ten feet across you know that that gradually eroded by flowing in the water what would you call a place like that 387: #1 I don't have a special name # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Well it's a- did you say pool 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: {X} {NW} Not that much water in it It might not even have water in it at all you know it's just a big 387: Oh Oh I see what you mean just a ditch Interviewer: Yeah Okay Do people around here use the word gully 387: Yeah I'll- yeah I always think of a gully as a as a {NW} you know what yeah it might be a gully A big eroded Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 {X} ditch I think of as a gully # Interviewer: Okay Do people around here ever use the word ravine 387: Not much And I- I think a ravine would be a big one #1 sort of a canyon-like # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: ditch but no you don't hear that much Interviewer: Okay fine What about a- a small elevation in the land you'd say you're going up a little 387: Hill or rise Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay something a good bit larger than a hill you would call that a 387: Mountain Interviewer: What about- talking about a mountain the- the rocky edge of a mountain that drops off pretty sharp that would be a 387: Cliff Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay the plural you'd say it has a lot of 387: Cliffs Interviewer: Okay What about a- a low place in the mountain where a road might go across that would be a 387: That would be a {D:patch} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 okay # 387: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 what I'm after is just for pronunciation # but uh- say in these old western movies you know when a gunfighter shot somebody he'd carve one of these in the handle of his gun 387: A notch Interviewer: Yeah uh-huh you ever use that word to mean a little place in the mountains 387: Mm No I don't think so Interviewer: okay and a place where boats uh- stop and and unload their freight that would be a 387: dock Interviewer: Okay Uh what about- what would you call a place in the mountains where water falls a good distance 387: A waterfall Interviewer: Okay Here in uh- Talladega county talking about the road system what they're- you know- made of and all that what kinds of roads do you have 387: Well we got dirt roads and paved roads or blacktop roads most of them are either if they're not dirt they're uh- they're paved and they're either paved with usually with asphalt or tar and gravel a lot of the county roads out in the county are tar and gravel Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah I see What about uh- if you're driving along out in the country and uh you come across a little road that goes off the main road would you have a name for that 387: Mm {NW} Interviewer: Like side road or farm road or farm-to-market road 387: #1 Maybe a side road but # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 387: uh but if you were out that far out in the country you'd probably be on a side road too Interviewer: Side road 387: yeah you hear farm m- you don't hear farm-to-market road much anymore but I always think of a farm-to-market road as being paved Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay well what would you call a- a road that goes from the street up to a man's house that would just- 387: Driveway Interviewer: Yeah and uh- what about a place on a farm where the cattle walk you know when they eaten out the place 387: Cow path maybe Interviewer: cow path okay {NW} and in town uh the place where people walk next to the street that would be a 387: sidewalk Interviewer: yeah {NW} around here may- maybe residential areas do you have a grassy area between the sidewalk and the street 387: in g- uh-huh in residential areas Interviewer: Is- do you have a name for that 387: No Interviewer: {NW} {X} I've always called that tree lawn but I've rarely found anybody else who did 387: Mm #1 never heard of that # Interviewer: #2 you don't have a name for that # okay fine {NW} Alright this expression say if a- a dog uh- frightens a boy the boy might reach down and pick up a 387: rock Interviewer: and you'd say he did what 387: Threw it Interviewer: Okay {NW} any other word for- besides saying he threw it anything else that'd be said around here 387: I can't think of anything Interviewer: what about he chucked it 387: Yeah occasion Interviewer: What sort of people would you think of using that word 387: I think children as using that Interviewer: Mm-hmm they would say 387: Chunk maybe Interviewer: Okay {NW} say if somebody drives up and is trying to locate your wife uh you might say well I'm sorry but she's not 387: Here Interviewer: Mm-hmm specifically if she's cooking You'd say oh yeah she's 387: cooking supper she's in the kitchen Interviewer: Right okay {X} preposition I wanna get from you here if you well first let me ask you what do you call the the hot be- beverage that you're drinking that's 387: Coffee Interviewer: Yeah how do you drink coffee I mean you know what do you like in it 387: Oh I put sugar and creamer in that Interviewer: alright say if somebody wa- didn't want anything in his coffee how would he order it 387: Black Interviewer: Anything else you've heard 387: Mm No {X} Interviewer: Could you use straight there 387: Don't think I've ever heard that Interviewer: What about bare-footed 387: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh # {X} about preposition if you- if you didn't want anything in your coffee you say like so say if you didn't want milk in your coffee you say I take my coffee blank milk 387: Without milk Interviewer: Okay but if you do want some in you coffee you say you take your coffee 387: with milk Interviewer: mm-hmm alright 387: But I- you hardly ever hear anybody say they take it around here Interviewer: Is that right 387: but not very much Interviewer: What would- how- how would they phrase that 387: How would you like your coffee Interviewer: #1 how would you like your coffee # 387: #2 or what would you like in it # Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay {NW} alright this uh- expression somebody's not going away from you you say he's coming right 387: Towards you Interviewer: alright and talking about somebody that you just happened to meet you might say well I wasn't looking for old so and so I just sort of 387: Ran into him Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright and uh if a child is given the same name that uh her mother has you'd say that uh the parents named the child 387: after her mom Interviewer: okay alright {NW} talking about some animals now uh tough question type of animal that barks is a 387: dog Interviewer: Okay do you have a name for a dog that's not a- a pure breed but he's several different types all mixed together 387: around here people just call it just mixed breed Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Or Heinz #1 {X} you know # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: fif- fifty-seven right? Interviewer: Would you ever use the word mongrel or cur 387: No I don't think so I always think of a cur as being a- as being a vicious dog Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: A mean you know big Interviewer: Yeah right 387: Vicious dog that's what I think of it Interviewer: sure okay 387: but you wouldn't hear that much Interviewer: Mm-hmm what would you say to a dog if you wanted him to get after another person or another dog 387: Sic 'em Interviewer: Alright and uh {NS} {NS} okay {X} we were talking about dogs 387: Yeah Interviewer: this- this verb uh if uh- you're warning somebody about a dog you might say you better watch out for him he might 387: Bite you Interviewer: Yeah because yesterday he 387: Bit somebody Interviewer: Okay He's- a lot of people 387: Bitten Interviewer: alright tell me about a heard of cattle what do you call the male animal 387: the bull Interviewer: can you remember having ever been told that that was not a polite word to use in mixed company 387: No Interviewer: Have you- you ever heard of a situation years ago in which that was the case 387: Mm no I don't- I don't think so Interviewer: Alright and the animal that gives milk you just call that a 387: cow Interviewer: yeah what about the animals that you would use uh to plow a field you might use 387: a {D:ewe} Interviewer: or another really massive animal that would- 387: oxen Interviewer: Mm-hmm they never used them around here I don't think or if they did it's been #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 a long- # a long ti- I heard my fa- my grandfather talk about you know Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 having a yoke oxen and # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 and working them # Interviewer: Mm-hmm now you said a yoke of oxen how many does that have 387: two Interviewer: alright what if you had two mules what would you call them 387: A pair of mules Interviewer: pair of mules okay would team do there 387: I guess it would but I don't I've heard of a team but I don't know I always Interviewer: #1 {X} number # 387: #2 {X} # I'm not I'm not sure of the number but I think it I think it'd be more than one Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: But I don't know whether it would be more than two or not Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I'm- I'm- I'm not familiar with that Interviewer: Alright fine Uh {X} talking about cattle a small one you would call that a 387: calf Interviewer: Yeah do you distinguish between them do you have different names for male and female calves 387: No Interviewer: like bull and heifer calf or something like that 387: {X} you hear heifer a lot and I think heifer is a is a young female calf that's never that's never had a calf herself Interviewer: #1 Right # 387: #2 and I think # She remains a heifer Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Until she has a calf unless she gets real old then she's just an old barren cow Interviewer: {X} okay fine uh say if you have a cow and she's uh expecting a calf you'd say that she's going to what 387: Have a calf Interviewer: any other expressions you've heard maybe associated with farmers or {NS} 387: mm no I'm a- I'm Interviewer: {X} drop a calf 387: Heard that yeah heard that drop a calf Interviewer: She's gonna come to the pen she's gonna freshen or come fresh 387: Never have heard those I don't think Interviewer: Alright fine alright animals that you ride you just call a 387: horses #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # One would be a 387: Horse Interviewer: Alright what about the male what do you call that 387: Uh just a stud or a stud horse Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay you ever hear people use the word stallion around here 387: occasionally mm-hmm probably well probably as much as you know Interviewer: a stud 387: Maybe not quite as much but some Interviewer: Mm-hmm so a lot of people might say 387: He's a stallion or or a probably stud's the more popular Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay what about the female she would be a 387: just a horse or a filly Interviewer: Mm-hmm do you ever hear people use the word mare 387: yeah mare that's what I meant to say is mare and I think a filly sort of like a um #1 a heifer I think # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: #1 that's what I think # Interviewer: #2 right # 387: #1 {X} mare # Interviewer: #2 okay # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 387: sometimes Interviewer: filly would be a unbred #1 # 387: #2 I think so # a younger one right I think so Interviewer: Alright this is a verb you say uh you get on your horse and you begin to- 387: ride Interviewer: yeah you got on it and you- 387: rode Interviewer: Mm-hmm you- a lot today 387: ridden Interviewer: alright and if you can't stay on you'd say you fell 387: off Interviewer: what about a a little boy who wakes up in the morning and he's on the floor he might say well {X} of the night I must have 387: fallen off the bed Interviewer: okay getting back to horses the things that are on the bottom of their feet you would call them 387: hooves Interviewer: okay and just one would be a 387: hoof Interviewer: okay what about the- the metal things that you put on the hoofs 387: horseshoes Interviewer: alright you ever played a game with those 387: Mm-hmm pitching Interviewer: alright and what did you say you were doing 387: Pitching horseshoes Interviewer: horseshoes okay have uh sheep ever been {D:grown} raised in this part of the country 387: Not much every once in a while somebody has some but I think they were just had them more as a novelty I don't know of anybody that's ever raised them commercially Interviewer: Mm-hmm what would they raise them for 387: #1 their meat # Interviewer: #2 around here # {X} 387: I think so Interviewer: Let's see would they ever clip them uh 387: not very much not very much I don't think because I've never heard of anybody having enough to make it worth while Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I don't think one or two I don't know what you'd do with them Interviewer: yeah 387: do with the wool Interviewer: yeah yeah okay 387: but I think I think maybe the few that have had them have either sort of had them as pets or either I met one fellow that raises them and then uh kills them and barbecues the meat and sells it like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah I see do you happen to know what you would call the male animal the male sheep 387: uh maybe a ewe Interviewer: I think that's the female 387: #1 is that the female # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 387: I guess he'd be the ram then Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I guess that's what it'd be the ram that's right it would be you're right Interviewer: okay 387: {X} I never just {X} Interviewer: I think I might have seen them once or twice in my life alright animals that you raise uh you know for pork uh bacon and all that you would call them 387: hogs Interviewer: yeah what about small ones 387: That'd be a pig Interviewer: Is there an intermediate size uh bigger than a pig but not quite full grown 387: No No I don't think so Interviewer: okay do you know the word shoat 387: yes I always thought shoat a shoat was a I don't know which one it is was a was a young male pig but I might be wrong there Interviewer: {X} 387: I'm- I'm not sure about that but Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay {X} full grown you call that a 387: He's a hog Interviewer: Yeah what about the male hog 387: {X} I always just call that a hog Interviewer: Mm-hmm do you know the word boar 387: Yeah #1 but I always think of a boar as being a wild hog # Interviewer: #2 a wild hog # yeah alright say if a- a farmer didn't want his uh young male hog to grow up to be a a boar you'd say he did what to him 387: #1 cut him or castrated him # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah now is there a name for them after that's been done to him 387: If there is I don't know it Interviewer: alright do you know the word B-A-R-R-O-W 387: Barrow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: No I've heard of barrows and shoats but I just don't {X} #1 when they're talking about the prices {X} # Interviewer: #2 right # okay what would you call um- a- a female hog 387: A sow Interviewer: yeah do you have um a- a name for an unbred female hog 387: No and if there is I don't know about it Interviewer: Do you know gilt 387: No I don't {X} Interviewer: Okay these stiff hairs that grow on hogs' back you call them 387: bristles Interviewer: Mm-hmm and the long teeth that some of them have 387: I think those would be just uh- uh {X} I can't say it it's on the tip of my tongue tusk Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 sure # 387: #2 tusk # Interviewer: you ever heard people call them {D:tushes} 387: tushes yeah Interviewer: Mm-hmm do you associate that with a particular kind of person {D:tushes} or just anybody who's likely to say that 387: I think somebody that I think uh mm you know hate to say I think that's more illiterate you know Interviewer: yeah okay alright these wooden things that you pour feed in for the hogs {X} they would be 387: That's a trough Interviewer: okay more than one that's several 387: Troughs Interviewer: Alright Now you mentioned wild hogs have you ever heard any other word for them besides just wild hog 387: Wild boar Interviewer: {D: you have a wild boar} 387: Uh No Razorback Interviewer: Mm-hmm Is that used 387: #1 Not around here # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: We don't there aren't any around here that I know of and they never Interviewer: okay Alright talking about the noise that's made by a calf when it's being weaned you might say well just listen to that calf 387: Mooing Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright What about a noise made by a cow if it's hungry or wants to be milked you'd say listen to that cow 387: Mm I'd say mooing Interviewer: Mooing too alright and the general noise that a horse makes you would say it does what 387: Neighs Interviewer: Alright A general term for animals like cows and horses, mules and so forth would you have one word that would cover all of those 387: That- that'd be livestock Interviewer: Livestock okay What would you use for your cows and bulls and calves 387: I think that would be cattle Interviewer: Cattle okay do you have a general word for feathered animals like ducks and geese and guineas chickens 387: If we did it'd be fowl but I don't think anybody I I don't think they use that you know around here much Interviewer: Would they use a general word or would they just refer to them specifically 387: I- I think they refer to them specifically Interviewer: Okay 387: I think they talk about the the roosters and hens as being their chickens Interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm 387: What we used to hear are folks that talk about going in the hen house but they've- I think they sorta gotten away from that that's when folks you know had a few hens that they used to you know raise the chickens and and get eggs #1 from them but you know I think most folks have gotten away from that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # Yeah {X} Okay What about a- chicken that's sitting on the nest trying to hatch out something you'd call her a what 387: Hen Interviewer: Alright have you ever heard of the term setting here 387: #1 Setting oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Alright and uh- you were talking about hen house is there any other place that you think about uh chickens staying 387: Chicken house Interviewer: alright {NW} what about these little boxes that you see sometimes uh they're being hauled live you know around on trucks with the little bars and- 387: I think that's a coop Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright and when you fry a chicken there's usually a piece that children like to get and pull apart #1 What do you call that # 387: #2 Wishbone # Interviewer: yeah and what- why do they do that what's the uh purpose 387: I think the short the short uh the one that ends up with the short end gets his wish Interviewer: Mm-hmm any sort of wish 387: Mm yeah anything he wishes {X} Interviewer: So it doesn't necessarily have to do with marriage or who gets married first 387: No I don't think so Interviewer: Okay Uh- do you know what a general word for the inside parts of a of a hog uh- that you could eat but that you might not normally eat like the heart and the lungs and all that sorta thing 387: wouldn't have any any general word other than entrails maybe Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay do you know the word either haslet or harslet or hashlet 387: uh I don't think so Interviewer: Alright what about the intestines of a hog when you clean them out and cook them #1 those would be # 387: #2 now that's chitterlings # Interviewer: yeah you ever eaten any 387: uh-huh #1 sure have a time or two # Interviewer: #2 you like them # uh-huh 387: they're alright but I wasn't that crazy about them #1 usually when they cook them it smells so bad {X} your appetite # Interviewer: #2 yeah right # 387: and then just chew them you know just chew them {D: forever but I've eaten some} Interviewer: Yeah okay 387: A lot of folks {X} you know they really like them Interviewer: there we go alright this expression say if the- the farmer hears these uh- animals uh- {D:carrying on} you know they're hungry you might say well um I didn't know it's- it was so late it's right about 387: feeding time Interviewer: okay have you ever heard a farmer call to his cows to get them to come up from the pasture Do they say anything uh distinctive around here 387: I guess No I really don't know that unless it would be just calling them Interviewer: Mm-hmm just making any kind of racket 387: yeah I can't think of any I can't think of anything Interviewer: {X} cow or something like that 387: Mm no never heard of that Interviewer: alright you have any idea what you would say if you were plowing with mules or horses what you would say to them to get them to turn 387: gee and haw I think Interviewer: Do you know which is which 387: I believe gee is left and haw is right but I'm not sure about that Interviewer: Okay any calls to horses uh- to get them to come in or- how- how would you get your horses to come in 387: I never heard of anyone calling them Interviewer: Do they whistle to horses usually or do you have any idea 387: I- I've just seen that on the movies I've never heard of anybody- only folks I ever talked you know talking about getting up the horse or getting up the cows they either have to catch one horse they either keep one caught up that they can go chase 'em on Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: or they lure 'em in with feed Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: that's Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay 387: I've seen it in the movies but I've never seen anybody that had any horses that come when they call Interviewer: alright if you were riding a horse what would you say to him to get him started 387: Giddy up Interviewer: alright and to stop it would be 387: Whoa Interviewer: {D:play} what about calling some pigs you know if you wanna feed your pigs have you heard farmers calling to them to get them to come {X} 387: I never have heard that I you know you heard of it in the movies and things but I've never seen any pigs that weren't always just Interviewer: Yeah 387: Trying to run over everybody to get something to eat Interviewer: {NW} Okay they're like here pig {X} anything like that 387: Never have heard any of those except you know in the movies and things Interviewer: What about calls for chickens 387: Heard people say chicky chick chick Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: but that's- but chickens {X} like hogs if they think {X} if somebody thinks they're going to feed them they all ran everywhere anyway Interviewer: Sure stampede I don't guess you know any calls for sheep 387: No Interviewer: Okay alright what would you say if you wanted to get your horse ready to go somewhere you know the process of putting on his saddle and {X} the rest of the gear you'd say you were going to do what to the horse 387: Saddle him Interviewer: alright any other word that you would use there 387: Nothing that I can think of Interviewer: Okay um this is just pronunciation but it begins with an H harnessing is that- would you say that 387: I think of harnessing them as as getting them ready to put them on a wagon Interviewer: I see okay but not to ride 387: No I don't think so Interviewer: Alright what about if you're riding a horse the things that you hold in your hands to guide it with 387: that's the bridle Interviewer: #1 okay # 387: #2 or the reins maybe # Interviewer: alright now what about the things that you hold in your hands to guide the animal if you're plowing with him 387: I think that'd be the line plow line Interviewer: Mm-hmm sure and if you're riding the things that uh- your feet go in they're the 387: stirrups Interviewer: Okay you know say if you have two horses uh- hitched to the wagon do you have a name for the horse on the left side or if you're plowing with two animals the- the horse that- I mean the animal that walks in the {X} do you have a name or a term for him 387: Not that I know of {X} Interviewer: okay do you know lead horse 387: Heard that but I never knew what it was for Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay fine now this expression if- if something's not right near at hand you might say well it's not far away it's just a- over {NS} 387: just I'm not sure I understand it's close by Interviewer: yeah it's close by or it's just a something over 387: just a little over I don't know Interviewer: I was interested in things like it's a little way over it's a little piece over 387: Yeah I've heard all of those some I think Uh just a little bit maybe a little piece Interviewer: Okay now say if you've been traveling but you haven't yet finished your journey you'd say we still have a- to go 387: still have a long way to go Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay something very common you might say well you don't have to look for that in any special place you can find that just about 387: Everywhere Interviewer: okay and if I slip and fall and fall that way you'd say I fell 387: backwards Interviewer: if I fall that way I fell 387: Forward or frontwards Interviewer: okay Uh going back to land for a second uh do you have a name for the trenches that are cut out by a plow those would be the 387: That'd be the- the r- I think that'd be the uh I think I- I don't know if that- I guess that'd be the furrow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I was gonna say row but I think that'd be the furrow Interviewer: Okay and the plural would be a lot of 387: furrows Interviewer: alright and if a farmer has a good yield he would say that he raised a big what 387: crop Interviewer: alright 387: or made a big crop #1 I think that's what a lot of them say # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Okay {NW} what about if a man has a piece of land with a lot of bushes and trees growing on it and he wants to put it to cultivation you'd say he did what to the land 387: cleared it Interviewer: people around here have a- a name for land that's just been cleared 387: yeah it's new ground Interviewer: New ground yeah What about if something comes up in a field that you didn't plant Like uh uh you got a stalk of corn growing in your cotton field 387: okay it's a volunteer Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay what about uh- if the hay has been cut the first time and then it comes back up again the second time do you have a name for that when it comes back up again 387: No Not- the second cutting would be the second cutting I think #1 but I don't know of any # Interviewer: #2 {X} after # 387: I don't know of any any particular name Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: for the- for the growth Interviewer: that's what you said second cutting or second growth second crop something like that okay uh {X} wheat ever been grown around here 387: Hardly ever I don't really know of any Interviewer: Okay well we'll make this a hypothetical situation then say uh you- you cut your wheat and you tie it up into a what 387: Mm I {D:can't}- I don't know I guess that might be shock too but I don't- {X} Interviewer: Would bundle do there 387: Bundle might be uh-huh Interviewer: and you meant how would you use shock there would uh Cou- could you use it this way so you- you got your wheat bundle and you take up several bundles and you put them all together #1 would that be a shock too # 387: #2 No I don't think so # I think shock is all it's just raked up to a big pile maybe ten feet tall I think of shock as being taller than a- than a man you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah do you use that word shock as a verb do you ever say they're shocking wheat 387: No I don't think I would Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I don't think I would- Interviewer: You'd make a shock 387: Mm-hmm {X} Interviewer: Okay {NW} Alright this is a unit of measure I'm after A farmer might say he raised forty what of corn to the acre 387: Bushels Interviewer: Alright and uh another verb what about oats you would say you did what to the oats to separate the the grain from the chow 387: {D:I don't know} unless it was flail Interviewer: alright this is just a verb for pronunciation it begins with T-H 387: thrash Interviewer: Mm-hmm sure okay 387: I'm not familiar with oats either Interviewer: {X} I'm after a few expressions that use pronouns say you and uh- if- if we have to do a job uh together without using our names you look at me and say okay and have to do this 387: he and I Interviewer: {X} specifically 387: you and me Interviewer: alright 387: or you and I Interviewer: Right okay what about well {D:in other words} the jobs not just for one of us it's for 387: Both of us Interviewer: Okay now if you and another man are coming over to see me again without using your name you'd look at him and say- and 387: He and I Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NW} and if you were gonna identify yourself without using your name like you knocked at my door and you knew that I would recognize your voice you'd say open the door it's just 387: just me #1 that's what I'd say # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm okay # and if you were identifying another man you would say it's just 387: him Interviewer: and if it's a woman it's 387: her Interviewer: and if it's several people it's 387: them Interviewer: Okay alright comparing how tall you are you might say he's not as tall as 387: as I am Interviewer: alright the other way around I'm not as tall as 387: He is Interviewer: Okay and comparing how well you can do something you might say uh he can do it better than 387: I can Interviewer: Okay 387: like it always has that verb on the end Interviewer: Right what about uh some possessives um if something belongs to me you would say that 387: It's mine Interviewer: Okay if it belongs to me it's 387: Yours Interviewer: Alright if it belongs to both of us you'd say it's 387: ours Interviewer: If it belongs to him it's 387: his Interviewer: if it belongs to her 387: hers Interviewer: If it belongs to them 387: theirs Interviewer: okay alright this situation if several people had come over to see you and they were about to leave and you're talking to them all as a group what would you say to them you know to express the- the idea that you wanted them to come back sometime 387: Y'all come back Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay now if you were talking to a group again and you were asking them if they owned something together like a car maybe you'd look at them and say is that blank car 387: Your car Interviewer: okay now you used y'all a minute- 387: #1 or y'all's that might be # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm yeah y'all's car # I've heard people around here say y'alls's is that y'alls's 387: I've heard some folks say that but not very often Interviewer: Mm-hmm any particular type of person 387: Black folks Interviewer: would say 387: Y'alls's Interviewer: Y'alls's okay alright this situation- 387: But- but I think they they just don't do that much mostly they'd say youins now Interviewer: Youin 387: Uh-huh Interviewer: Mm-hmm is that youins car like that 387: I think No I don't think they'd say it like that they'd say does it belong to youins Interviewer: Oh I see 387: I don't think they'd ever have the- like youins car Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay alright this situation say if I had been to a party and you didn't get to go and I was telling you about it and you wanted to know everybody that was at the party what would you ask me 387: Who all was there Interviewer: Mm-kay and if I had gone to heard- to hear somebody speak and you didn't go- get to go and I was telling you about it uh and you wanted to know you know the substance of what was said what would you ask 387: what'd he talk about Interviewer: alright now you said though who all was at the party would you ever say what all did he say 387: Yeah mm-hmm #1 that'd be quite common I think # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # so you might say 387: what all did he Interviewer: yeah mm-hmm alright alright uh this expression if no one else will uh look out for them you'd say they've got to look out for 387: themselves Interviewer: alright and if uh no one else will do it for him he's got to do it 387: himself Interviewer: alright alright to change the subject to get back to something more concrete tell me about different things uh different types of bread that you know about {D:anything} made with flour 387: about all the bread of course you know we buy so many kinds but at home I'm- you know my mother made biscuits in the morning sometimes and uh she made cornbread almost every day Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Of course she always was a school teacher and just about every day in the summer when she cooked vegetables some people make white bread but not very often around here I don't think Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: and I think the ones that do now it's- I think it's just you know I think some of the older ladies baked baked white bread but now I- I think the {D:peo-} I think the reason people quit is because it's so you know so you can get fresh bread in the stores {X} Interviewer: Sure 387: Probably boils down to the transportation but anyway Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: They can probably get it in the store the same day that it's baked #1 and so # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: but uh folks make cornbread and biscuits and that's #1 that's # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: pretty much it I think Interviewer: I see what about different things that you can make with cornmeal uh well whe- when- when you say cornbread can you describe that what is it {NW} what does it look like 387: it's- it's yellow and of course the- the top has a little bit of a crust on it and it's made with cornmeal #1 and some people put eggs in it # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: and buttermilk I think folks around here think of cornbread I don't think you'd find many folks that put anything on it other than maybe a little but of butter but- but what I'm getting at I think folks think of cornbread as being sweet a little bit sweet Interviewer: hmm 387: but you know I don't think you'd find anybody putting syrup on it but you know #1 salt and {D:pep} # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh what about you ever heard of people putting cracklings in their cornbread 387: mm-hmm {D:that'd} be crackling cornbread or crackling bread Interviewer: you like that 387: mm-hmm yeah I've had that before Interviewer: I do too what about talking about things made with cornmeal these round things that you eat with fish 387: hmm hush puppies Interviewer: yeah alright does the word pone or corn pone mean anything to you 387: heard it but I- you don't ever hear anybody use it or I never have really Interviewer: mm alright what about hoecake 387: heard that too but I- I never really knew what a hoecake was Interviewer: mm okay fine uh do you know {D:spoon rim} 387: No I've heard that too but I don't know what Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 387: #2 I don't know what that is # Interviewer: alright what about a corn dodger 387: mm no I think I've heard it but I don't- I don't have any idea what that would be Interviewer: alright fine alright some people say that there's just two kinds of bread there's uh the kind that you make at home homemade bread and then there's the kind that you buy at the store you call that 387: bought bread Interviewer: mm-hmm alright what about these things that uh have a hole right in the center those would be 387: donuts Interviewer: alright and these are things that you {NW} where you make up the batter and you cook them four or five at a time for breakfast 387: hot cakes Interviewer: yeah any other #1 uh word # 387: #2 pancakes # Interviewer: ever heard people call them flapjacks 387: hardly ever Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: har- not around here they don't Interviewer: it's mostly hot cakes 387: hot cakes or pancakes Interviewer: okay this is just the unit of measure I'm after but about how much flour would you say would come in a bag like that 387: pound five pounds maybe Interviewer: okay and if you're making uh homemade bread this is the stuff that you would put in it to make it rise that would be 387: yeast Interviewer: okay talking about eggs what would you call the two parts of an egg there'd be the 387: the white and the yolk Interviewer: alright what are some ways of preparing eggs that you know about 387: frying them scrambling them boiling them poaching them Interviewer: mm-hmm okay and uh you know of a- a type of meat that you would boil along with grains or peas something like that 387: yeah a little piece of uh either white meat or some fat back of white meat or a a little piece of bacon Interviewer: alright okay what's some other type of meat that you might have for breakfast besides bacon 387: ham or sausage Interviewer: mm-hmm and you would call a man who deals in meat at the grocery store 387: a butcher Interviewer: right now if you were about to buy a lot of bacon but not have it sliced you'd say you bought a whole what 387: slab Interviewer: yeah and when you slice off that slab there's a- an edge that's pretty tough uh you would call that the 387: think that'd be the rind Interviewer: mm-hmm okay what if you- you kept meat uh for too long so that it doesn't taste good anymore you'd say it's what 387: spoiled Interviewer: mm-hmm what about butter that's like that it's been kept too long the taste has gone bad what'd you say about it this butter's- 387: I don't - I don't know what I never thought about that unless it'd be spoiled or gone flat or something I don't- Interviewer: okay would the word rancid or rank do there 387: I al- I've always think of that as sort of like meat I think I'd associate those with meat Interviewer: with meat but not butter 387: I think spoiled would be Interviewer: okay let me ask you about this word have you ever heard anybody around here use the word funky to describe a smell or odor 387: no Interviewer: does that word mean anything to you at all 387: I think funky as being these wild dances they do or something like #1 I think I've heard it on songs or something but # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: #1 I don't really know # Interviewer: #2 {X} to do with music # 387: yeah Interviewer: {D:alright} but not smell 387: no no I never have Interviewer: alright what about uh what can you make with the meat from hog's head 387: souse meat Interviewer: any other word for that you've heard 387: #1 head cheese maybe # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # usually souse head 387: souse yeah Interviewer: mm-hmm what about a dish that you can make by grinding up and uh cooking hog's liver anything 387: mm Interviewer: like liver pudding liver loaf uh 387: I've never heard those I only read those in the foxfire book I've never hear of anybody you know Interviewer: okay anything you've ever heard of made with uh blood from a hog 387: mm no #1 nothing I can think # Interviewer: #2 blood pudding # black pudding 387: not that I can think of Interviewer: okay do you know the word scrapple 387: no Interviewer: okay uh what about thick sour milk that women used to keep around the kitchen uh make stuff out of 387: uh Interviewer: {X} 387: clabbered milk #1 is that what you # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm yeah right # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # what- what do you do with clabbered milk far as you know 387: I think other than just cook with I don't know I think they use it in bread making but I don't know I'm not sure Interviewer: well what about this- this white curdle looking stuff that you buy people eat a lot of it when they're on a diet 387: cottage cheese Interviewer: yeah is that related to clabber in any way as far as you know 387: I just don't know Interviewer: not sure 387: I'm not sure about that Interviewer: okay let's say if you a farmer's just milked his cow something what would you say he would do to the milk to get some of the impurities out 387: pasteurize it Interviewer: mm-hmm or if he was just gonna pass it through a- a wired mesh 387: oh he'd uh uh strain it Interviewer: mm-hmm he'd specifically strain the 387: milk Interviewer: mm-hmm okay this is a- a dessert that's baked in a deep dish got uh oh {D:made it} out of apple slices or peach slices has a crust on it what would you call that 387: a pie Interviewer: alright is there anything a little different from a pie generally- 387: cobbler Interviewer: yeah that's what I was after 387: I'm- I'll tell you what I always thought of a the difference in a pie and a cobbler I always thought a pie was- was it was easier to sli- you could slice a pie #1 while a cobbler you sort of had to dip it out with a spoon # Interviewer: #2 yeah spoon it out right # exactly do you ever hear the people around here say cobbler pie 387: no not really I don't think Interviewer: okay alright this expression if somebody has a good appetite might say well so and so sure does like to put away the 387: food Interviewer: mm-hmm you ever hear the word vittles used 387: every once in a while but not very often not very much at all Interviewer: from whom would you {X} 387: old people Interviewer: they might say 387: vittles maybe old country folks might say that Interviewer: alright you ev- what about uh a liquid a sweet liquid that you might pour on a pudding you know to add to the taste it might be made of uh oh I don't know cream and sugar nutmeg something like that 387: a syrup is what I {X} Interviewer: would you ever call something like that a sauce 387: sauce yeah {D:I'd make some} {D:that'd probably be better} Interviewer: okay would you ever call it a gravy if it were sweet 387: no I don't think so Interviewer: what would a gravy be to you 387: gravy would be with uh something you made from a you know it'd be the drippings from a roast with maybe a little flour in it to thicken it if it needed it Interviewer: right 387: but it'd- it'd be you know with a meat that's what I think Interviewer: okay so if you're eating between meals you might say you're having a 387: snack Interviewer: alright and uh this verb you say this morning at seven o'clock you got up and- breakfast 387: cooked breakfast or fixed breakfast Interviewer: and then you 387: ate it Interviewer: alright I've already 387: eaten it Interviewer: it's time to 387: eat Interviewer: okay alright uh if you were going to say you wanted some coffee you'd say well I think I'm gonna go in the kitchen and 387: make a pot of coffee Interviewer: alright and if you just wanted a uh you just want coffee or a soft drink on a hot day you might just go in the kitchen and pour yourself a 387: glass of water Interviewer: yeah 387: a drink of water Interviewer: alright and if you drop the glass on a hard surface it's going to 387: break Interviewer: yeah you dropped it and it 387: broke Interviewer: every time you've done that it's 387: broken Interviewer: okay and if it's very hot you'd say that you might like to- a lot of water 387: drink a lot of water Interviewer: yesterday I 387: drank a lot of water Interviewer: okay I've- a lot 387: drunk a lot Interviewer: okay 387: or drank {X} I'd probably say drunk Interviewer: okay say if uh you're having some company over for a meal and they're all standing around a table and you don't want them to stand anymore you'd say well just go ahead and 387: go ahead and sit down Interviewer: so they went ahead and 387: sat down Interviewer: by the time you'd gotten back they had already 387: sat down Interviewer: okay say if somebody uh if you don't want for somebody to wait until something's passed to them at the table you'd say just go ahead and 387: help yourself Interviewer: so he went ahead and 387: helped himself Interviewer: they had already 387: helped themselves Interviewer: okay if you were at a a guest at somebody's house for a meal and they passed you something that you really didn't like what would you say if it came your way 387: I wouldn't care for that Interviewer: mm-hmm would you say anything different if you were just at home with your family and something was passed that you didn't like or would you say the same thing 387: probably wouldn't say anything there I don't think Interviewer: #1 just pass it on # 387: #2 yeah pass it on # I might say I don't like that Interviewer: uh-huh okay fine talking about food that's been uh heated and served a second time you'd say you're having 387: leftovers Interviewer: mm-hmm in other words the food has been 387: been warmed up Interviewer: mm-hmm right okay and you put food in your mouth and you begin to 387: chew Interviewer: alright now this is a dish that's uh kind of a soupy stuff it's just made with a cornmeal boiled in water and maybe a little salt added know of anything like that 387: no Interviewer: do you know the word mush 387: heard it but it doesn't Interviewer: mm-hmm doesn't ring a bell 387: never have had that Interviewer: right doesn't sound too appetizing 387: no {NW} Interviewer: what about uh a place that people have around the house you know that they cultivate for themselves uh 387: that's a garden Interviewer: yeah do you have one 387: no we've talked about it Interviewer: uh-huh 387: we had one when I was my daddy always had one Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: big garden Interviewer: mm-hmm what did your- what did your daddy grow in his garden 387: oh gosh we had everything had corn and corn and beans and peas and tomatoes and squash and cucumbers onions we had every- we had just about everything Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: plus he's always he'd always use a little portion of it to experiment with something like we'd grow strawberries every once in a while Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: or he'd- every once in a while he'd take a little part of a of the peas or the beans or the corn and plant wheat in there and uh he'd- he'd- he'd read a lot of uh the modern and the experimental farming methods and- Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: like the wheat was supposed to choke the weeds out while it- while it didn't take as much out of soil as the weeds things like that but we always had a big garden Interviewer: that's interesting you mentioned tomatoes around here you have the variety that's about that size 387: mm-hmm I always c- call those uh pear tomatoes- I mean uh uh gosh what was I gonna say some people call them Tommy toes Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: but uh well I don't know I think maybe it is pear tomatoes it's just the- it's the small ones I know what you're talking about but I what do I hear people call them I'm not quite Interviewer: cherry tomatoes 387: cherry tomatoes yeah but not- but something else too I heard them called cherry tomatoes Interviewer: salad tomatoes 387: no oh {NW} I don't know {X} but I don't know- yeah they have them some Interviewer: you mentioned onions do you have a name for the type that has a long stalk to them you know you see them in salad bars and res- 387: I call those springlings Interviewer: springlings yeah okay what are- what are some of the different kinds of beans that you can grow around here 387: they have pole beans and- which would be uh the string beans Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: and uh butter beans and then of course around here they'd grow a lot of soybeans which you know we never get soybeans and eat them #1 but they just # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: have so many uses it's just about put the cotton people out of Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: everybody grows soybeans now Interviewer: mm-hmm I see if you had a- a basket full of string beans you'd say you have to do what to them 387: string them or break them Interviewer: mm-hmm would you ever use the word uh- well what if you had a lot of butter beans 387: shell them Interviewer: shell the butter beans okay what about some leafy vegetables that grow around here 387: uh I only- you talking about turnip greens and collards maybe Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: folks don't- every once in a while we'd grow cabbages and lettu- well every year we would a little bit but they never did very well the- the lettuce would never make a head it'd be just leaf uh Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: and the cabbages sometimes you have good ones that would- that would make a good firm head but- but more didn't than did I don't know what it was if I- everybody said that soil's not suited they said it takes a sandier soil but we always grew turnip greens Interviewer: mm-hmm yeah well do you have a vegetable around here I don't think you mentioned it uh it's green maybe about so long {X} some people boil it and it gets kind of slimy 387: asparagus hmm Interviewer: this is something a little different or if you didn't want to boil it uh you could chop it up and fry it begins with an O O-K R-A 387: oh okra Interviewer: yeah 387: oh yeah gosh y- I didn't I couldn't even picture what you were talking about Interviewer: {X} 387: oh yeah gosh yeah always had okra Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: but when we almost had it- well we had okra every day when I was coming up and uh and I hated to cut it because it {D:sting me} Interviewer: yeah right 387: but uh oh yeah and I love it fried not much on it boiled though Interviewer: yeah {X} 387: and sometimes you see people pickle it you ever had any pickled okra Interviewer: {X} 387: pickled it's pretty good you'd be surprised its pickled in uh well I #1 of course just vinegar but they # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: put other spices in like they pickle eggs and things and its pretty good Interviewer: {X} okay all these things that we've been talking about uh tomatoes and okra and squash they're all different kinds of 387: vegetables Interviewer: okay this is stuff that uh you might have heard people talking about making by the wash pot plural they'd uh leech off the husks of the corn and uh boil the stuff some people use {D:lye} 387: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # okay and here in the south uh a pretty common dish that you might have for breakfast instead of hash browns would be 387: uh Interviewer: it's white stuff ground- 387: oh grits yeah I don't like grits much that's why {X} Interviewer: okay and a common starchy food that uh oriental people eat a lot of would be 387: rice Interviewer: okay what about uh illegal alcohol made in stills what do people around here call that 387: moonshine or white whiskey Interviewer: mm-hmm you ever hear the word {D:shinning} used that way 387: Never have Interviewer: does that activity still go on in Talladega county 387: I bet there's not even a single still in the whole county now every once in a while they'll have somebody for transporting it but I doubt seriously if it was even made in the county Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: it's not very profitable anymore and it's- Interviewer: was it ever done around here 387: oh yeah sure was a lot Interviewer: okay alright this is a verb something that makes an impression on your nose you might say mm just- that 387: smell that Interviewer: okay and uh you mentioned this before uh syrup is there anything similar to syrup that you use that you have another word for 387: honey that's the only thing I can Interviewer: okay this- this is well you ever heard people use another word for what you consider to be syrup 387: mm no Interviewer: what about molasses 387: I always think of molasses as being something different but I I've never I don't even guess I remember eating any molasses I think of molasses looking more like oil #1 thick black # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # do you think of it having any difference in taste 387: {NW} I guess I do but I don't know what Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: I'm- I just never think about molasses- Interviewer: but you do distinguish between syrup and molasses 387: yeah I think of- Interviewer: would you say one is thicker than the other 387: I think molasses would be thicker than syrup Interviewer: mm-hmm okay alright this adjective I'm after if I have on my belt that's made out of cow hide I might tell somebody well now this isn't imitation cow hide this is 387: leather Interviewer: okay 387: genuine leather Interviewer: mm-hmm alright what about uh- I know that- this is another adjective I'm looking for {X} in the days when sugar was sold right out of the barrel you know just scooped up instead of prepackaged like it is now how would people say that was that was sold it was sold how 387: sold loose or or by the pound Interviewer: mm-hmm another word that you might use there 387: bulk #1 might be # Interviewer: #2 yeah right # okay that's what I wanted alright this is uh a sweet spread that you might uh spread on hot buttered toast might be apple or blackberry 387: jelly Interviewer: okay and you have shakers on your table for 387: salt and pepper Interviewer: alright okay what would you say the uh opposite of rich is that would be 387: poor Interviewer: okay and a lot of fruit trees growing together that would be an 387: orchard Interviewer: alright talking about fruit uh the hard inside part of the cherry you would call that the what 387: pit Interviewer: what about of the peach 387: that'd be the seeds Interviewer: seeds alright you distinguish between peaches according to where they're the the flesh of the peach is very tight against the seed and you have to cut it out as opposed to one that uh you cut into it and the seed falls out easily 387: I think the one where the seed fell out easily would be a real ripe one Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: that'd be the Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: I think that's the only thing I can think of Interviewer: have you ever heard names like freestone or clear seed peach as opposed to cling peach or cling stone or crest peach 387: #1 well no # Interviewer: #2 {X} any of those # {X} not familiar with that 387: I think I think I've seen cling peach written on a maybe on a side of a can in the grocery store but I don't I did- if I heard those I would just assume they were different varieties Interviewer: yeah okay the the part of an apple that you don't eat you'd call that the 387: core Interviewer: alright and uh pieces of fruit like apples or peaches that have been cut up and set out to dry do you have a special name for that 387: just dried fruit Interviewer: {X} okay have you ever heard the word {D:snit} used that way 387: no I don't think I have Interviewer: alright what about different kinds of nuts that are grown around here 387: Pecans you talking about name some Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: pecans and hickory nuts and I guess these old black walnuts {X} I don't think {X} that's about all I can think of Interviewer: alright where I'm from the big crop {X} these nuts that grow in the ground Carter's famous for 387: oh peanut Interviewer: yeah 387: yeah I didn't even think about peanuts I was just thinking about a tree Interviewer: grow around here 387: yeah oh not too many here oh folks will have a few in a garden to eat but I don't know of anybody that grows them commercially Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: we always had a few in there we'd have to pull them up pull them off Interviewer: you know any other names for peanuts 387: goobers you hear folks call them goobers Interviewer: okay I think you mentioned walnut do you have a uh a name for the hard covering on a walnut that you crack to get to the nut 387: mm {D:we just call it husker} shell Interviewer: mm-hmm okay do when you think of walnuts do you think of after they fall out of the tree you think of them having a soft covering that stains your fingers when you pick them 387: yeah I- I- well yeah that- but I- in that big old cover that's what I I think of Interviewer: what would you call that as opposed to the hard covering 387: mm {X} heard of any Interviewer: mm-hmm yeah I would call the- the soft part the hull and the hard part the shell I was just wondering if you distinguished between the two 387: probably not I think I just think of the whole covering as being shell Interviewer: okay fine uh this is another kind of nut probably doesn't grow around here but there's a a candy bar called a something joy 387: almond joy Interviewer: yeah okay now a citrus fruit that grows in Florida and in California those would be 387: oranges Interviewer: alright this phrase if you have a bowl of oranges uh in the morning but as the day goes by everybody comes through the room and grabs an orange you'd say at the end of the day the oranges are 387: gone Interviewer: okay this is another vegetable that you didn't mention a minute ago it's a little round red uh colored vegetable hard and it's hot and peppery taste 387: hot pepper Interviewer: this is a little different uh people talk about making hot horse 387: ra- oh radishes Interviewer: yeah 387: yeah we always had radishes Interviewer: mm-hmm you like those 387: yeah I like pretty much cut up in salad Interviewer: yeah 387: where I mentioned- I forgot beets too we always grew beets yeah we always had radishes Interviewer: okay and uh this is something uh that you might have with steak instead of rice you might have a baked 387: potato Interviewer: yeah different type- types of potatoes around here 387: Irish potatoes and sweet potatoes we always grew those I don't know why- how I forgot those Interviewer: do people around here have another name for sweet potatoes 387: people call them yams Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: when they- when they cook them they're candied yams but uh- Interviewer: sure 387: I always think yams as being the biggest of them Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: of of the sweet potatoes Interviewer: mm-hmm so its size would be a 387: I- I think so Interviewer: mm-hmm okay alright this word say if uh you left an apple out in the hot sun it's going to dry up and do what 387: shrivel Interviewer: alright okay we were talking about uh you mentioned well {X} ask you if you wanted me to go to the store and get some lettuce you'd say go get me a couple 387: heads Interviewer: alright now is that word head used any other way as far as you know besides talking about so many heads of lettuce or cabbage 387: I- I'm not sure I understand Interviewer: okay let's say would- would it be uh acceptable to you if a man said he has uh five or six head of children 387: #1 no that wouldn't {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: no I think you- when you said talking about head of cattle Interviewer: head of cattle yeah alright well talking about somebody who has a good many children say seven boys and seven girls say oh so and so sure have a whole #1 {X} # 387: #2 houseful # Interviewer: alright what about the word tassel there you ever hear that 387: yeah mm-hmm that's- that's fairly common Interviewer: so and so has a 387: tassel Interviewer: tassel of children okay alright talking about corn the outside covering of an ear of corn you call that the 387: shuck Interviewer: alright what about the part that grows right out of the top of the stalk 387: that's the tassel Interviewer: okay when there's this stringy stuff that you brush off the ears 387: silk Interviewer: okay do you have a name for corn that's tender enough to eat right off the cob 387: uh you mean after it's cooked, huh? Interviewer: #1 yeah # 387: #2 {X} # Interviewer: I guess you could call it this before it's cooked 387: a uh a roasting ear Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm {X} right # 387: #2 {X} # oh I mean I- I was getting I thought you meant eat it raw #1 I've never heard of that # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 387: yeah that'd be a roasting ears Interviewer: ears okay fine but see I don't think I asked you this but this is a great big orange thing that you make jack-o'-lantern out of 387: that's pumpkin Interviewer: okay 387: {X} grew up here {X} they never did very well #1 {X} watermelons but we never had much luck with watermelon # Interviewer: #2 {X} # do people around here have names for different types of watermelon 387: they hardly ever except red {D: maiden} and yellow {D: maiden} watermelons but they Interviewer: nothing like rattlesnake or 387: #1 mm no # Interviewer: #2 stone mountain {X} # 387: they might have diff- they might grow different varieties but I never hear them Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 387: #2 referred to them as anything other than red or yellow maiden # Interviewer: okay what about some other types of melons besides watermelons that grow around here 387: that's the only thing that I know of {NS} {NS} Interviewer: talking about melons 387: the only melons that I know about are cantaloupes Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: they- they- a lot of folks grow cantaloupes Interviewer: mm-hmm 387: {D:but they're all} I think they might- the only other kind of melons I ever see are in the grocery store and I never know what the heck- mushmelons or what but I've never heard of anybody growing anything around here but watermelons and cantaloupes Interviewer: and did you say mushmelons just then 387: I've heard of them yeah but I don't even know what a mushmelon is Interviewer: you don't know if it's different from cantaloupe 387: #1 oh yeah it's different from a cantaloupe # Interviewer: #2 hmm yeah # 387: it's a small- sort of a small watermelon I think Interviewer: mm-hmm okay alright these are things that usually pop up in your yard after it rains they have a slender stalk and 387: #1 mushrooms # Interviewer: #2 kind of # yeah any other word for that you think 387: toadstools Interviewer: now is there a difference or is that just a synonym for them 387: I think they're sy- I think it's synonyms I don't know of any difference in a mushroom and a toadstool Interviewer: okay alright this expression if a man has a very sore throat he might say well I'd like to eat that piece of steak but I just can't 387: can't swallow it Interviewer: mm-hmm alright different things that people smoke they might smoke either 387: cigarettes #1 cigars # Interviewer: #2 {X} # mm-hmm okay what about if somebody offers to do you a favor you might say well I appreciate it but I just don't want to be 387: be a bother to you Interviewer: okay any other word that- 387: burden maybe Interviewer: what about obligated or beholden 387: never beholden but I don't wanna {X} hardly ever obligated somebody might say I don't wanna be in debt to you Interviewer: in debt to you {NS} say if you're talking about if a farmers looking at his corn and he's uh uh shocked by the fact that it's not bigger than it is he might say well thats funny at this time of year it- be taller 387: should be Interviewer: mm-hmm would you ever use the word ought there at this time of year 387: it ought to be bigger sometimes yeah Interviewer: okay okay what about this situation if a mother's talking about a child who's been misbehaving or not doing what she told him to do she might say well now you're not doing what you 387: ought to have been doing or what you ought to have been Interviewer: yeah what about the negative of that using ought like for example a person might say talking about a boy who got a whooping you might say well I'll bet he did something he 387: ought not to have Interviewer: mm-hmm okay and if you're refusing to do something {X} Interviewer: {NS} Alright, let's see. I asked you this yesterday, but I just wanted to make sure I got it on tape since it ran out last time. Say if uh, some- If you were refusing to do something in a strong way, you might say uh. Well, I don't care how many times you ask me to do that I just, Do, it. 387: Won't do it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. What about this expression. If somebody's asking you advice {NS} or your help uh, might you say something like uh. Well, I might could do that for you. #1 Does that sound acceptable to you? # 387: #2 Mm-hmm. Oh yeah. # mm-hmm true enough. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You might say... 387: Might could help you. Interviewer: Might could help you, okay. Alright, change the subject now, talk about uh wild animals. What about a bird around here that uh can see in the dark and makes a hooting noise. 387: That's an owl. Interviewer: Do you know names for different kinds? 387: Uh, hoot owl and screech owl. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Uh that's about all I know of. Interviewer: Alright, fair enough. What about the type of bird that drills holes in trees? 387: Woodpeckers. Interviewer: Yeah. Ever heard people turned that around? 387: Pecker-wood? Interviewer: Yeah. 387: Yeah, colored folks mostly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Uh Hardly every any white folks unless they were just guess they were kidding or. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. #1 or imitating # 387: #2 been read- # or been reading a Mark Twain book or #1 something. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, yeah. # Have you ever heard a person called a pecker-wood? 387: Mm, no I don't think I've heard a person. Interviewer: Like one person call another person an old pecker wood or something like that. 387: Mm, no I don't believe so. Now they They're always talking about peckerwood sawmills, if that's a Interviewer: What's that? 387: It's a it's a small sawmill out in the out in the country close to where they're cutting things usually a one or two man operation. It's just a small portable sawmill. There used to be a lot of them in there, there are not too many now. I think it's because it's, I think it's a bunch of hard work in it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: But it's a, it's sort of a portable sawmill that you'll have one or two people making a living out of it. It's not, not on a big scale but that's peckerwood sawmills. Interviewer: I see. Okay. And this animal that's black and has a white stripe down its back. It smells pretty bad. {C: loud beep over top of speech} 387: Oh I suppose that. {NS} Excuse me {D: Yeah?} Yeah, they'll drive you crazy. They'll {NS} Interviewer: Are most divorces messy or? 387: No, most of them, they fight over who's gonna pay for it, that's what they {NW} Most of them ain't got a whole lot to fight over. Well when they got kids they fight #1 You know. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 387: But they u- we u- we get most of them settled eh. Interviewer: Hmm. 387: Folks go a long way towards settling, you know, before they come in. Interviewer: Okay, you're telling me about polecats, you have a name for them? 387: Oh, skunks, yeah. A lot of folks call them polecats round here. Interviewer: What about uh animals that are bad about breaking in hen roosts and killing chickens? Do you have one general word that would cover animals like that? #1 {X} # 387: #2 Mmm, I might # say a varmint. Interviewer: #1 Yeah, what would # 387: #2 Mm might would # Interviewer: that include? What type of animal? 387: One that breaking in hen houses would be possums and uh, I think, I think skunks do, polecats, but I'm not sure about that, but possums are bad about it. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: And minks are If they're in you know, if there are any. I don't know if there are many around here now. {NS} Excuse me. {NS} {D: Hello?} {NS} Is it, is it running? Interviewer: Yeah. 387: I'm trying think of something else that. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: {X} Ah. {NS} Weasels I think, break in there too. I think that includes weasels. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: And uh. Interviewer: Could you consider a fox a varmint? 387: {NS} Yeah, yeah, I think so. Excuse me. {NS} Hello? Interviewer: {NS} Hey 387: {NS} Yeah, foxes, I hadn't thought I hadn't even thought about foxes. Ah I tell you that's about all you I believe you ever hear of catching chickens. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, okay. What about different types of squirrels you got around here? 387: Only types I know of You got regular gray squirrels and fox squirrels or Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: They're the they're the big red ones. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. The fox squirrels are? # 387: #2 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: Okay. Do you have a little animal around here that looks a little bit like a squirrel but it's smaller and doesn't have a big, bushy tail and it stays on the ground most of the time. 387: Probably chipmunk. #1 Is that what you're referring to? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, yeah # 387: Chipmunks #1 yeah. # Interviewer: #2 You see those around here? # 387: Oh yeah bunch of them. Interviewer: Alright you care about anything like fishing? 387: Oh yeah. I like to go fishing. Interviewer: What kinds of fish, uh, freshwater fish do you catch around here? 387: Bream and bass and catfish {D: about let's see} Crawfish, I catch crawfish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Mm. That's pretty much the Interviewer: Mm 387: range I think. Interviewer: Ever hear people around here use the word bluegill? 387: Yeah, that's that's synonymous with bream. I think really I think really bream is sort of a uh the the catch-all term It's a, it's a It's a panfish and bream include both the bluegill and then there's another one they call uh they call shellcrackers. Interviewer: #1 Yeah. # 387: #2 It's # It, they're, they're larger and behind the bluegill there's a little yellow Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: or orange thing there And sometime I think in the magazines they talk of those being Red Ear Sunfish #1 but # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 387: But they're, around here they call them shellcrackers and they're a little bit bigger than uh Interviewer: Uh huh 387: than uh regular uh bluegills and they but they call all that bream. #1 {D: and so} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # What about different types of seafood that you can get around here? 387: Oh you can get anything in the grocery store, just shrimp and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Uh and all sorts of fish which Flounder, mackerel Interviewer: What about those things that you eat on half-shells? 387: Oysters? Interviewer: Yes okay. 387: Oh yeah. I love those. {NW} Interviewer: {D: What are the} You like them fried or raw? 387: I like them raw. You like them? Interviewer: Yeah I've eaten them both ways, I guess I prefer fried but they're okay. 387: I'm I'm crazy about catfish. #1 Oh do you like any of it? # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, yeah # Yeah I like catfish too, they Mess up your tackle box. 387: Yeah Interviewer: You have to get down and shove a pair of pliers halfway down their throat. 387: You have to be careful they can get you. Interviewer: Yeah I know. 387: But you know these folks around here they they they Some people, a lot of people fish for them commercially with trotlines and baskets And you won't believe how quick they can clean them I mean you just, I mean it's, it's just like an assembly line, oh they can clean one in They can clean one, easy in a minute, so it's, you know, so it's. Interviewer: Gotta be specialized kind of a like it look like pliers you know, you just grab those 387: Yeah they're pinchers and they pull them {X} They might have one fellow that's, that's uh you know splitting them open and one that's skinning them and up, but Aw man, they can Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: #1 They can go on # Interviewer: #2 Assembly line. # 387: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Okay What about these animals that make a croaking noise inside or around water around ponds? 387: That's frogs. Interviewer: Yeah different kinds around here? 387: Only kind I know of is bullfrogs and then they have toads which uh uh they tell me aren't really frogs You find them everywhere, but Interviewer: Mm 387: they're not so much around water I don't think you? Interviewer: Mm-hmm always find them in your yard you can walk out at night and You ever seen little old {D: tail} that don't get much bigger than this? 387: When it's grown? Interviewer: Yeah A lot of people say they come out after a big rain Some people actually say that 387: They fall? Interviewer: Yeah 387: No I've heard that but I never have seen any of those. I've heard, I've even heard folks say little fish fell outta the sky #1 but # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: little minnows but #1 I # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: I never have seen that. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: But folks, some folks swear that they've seen them I've Interviewer: Mm 387: talked to people that did but I never much believed them. Interviewer: What do they call them? Is it spring frogs or tree frogs or rain frogs? 387: I've heard them called spring frogs but I don't, like I say I Uh You know. I always doubt it if there were any. Interviewer: Okay What about uh, if you were going fishing around here what would would you dig up for the bait? 387: Worms. Interviewer: Any special names for ones that you use? 387: Uh They'd just be earthworms here. Some people call them nightcrawlers Interviewer: yeah 387: because they find them at night without having to dig #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm # Okay And this is now has a hard shell and he can pull his head and legs out if he wants to. 387: Oh, a turtle. Interviewer: Yeah, what about different kinds of those? 387: Most around here The ones in the water would of course I guess they're turtles and the ones on the land are u- are you know, are usually terrapins. I don't really know the difference in them but there a lot of snapping turtles around here that are have a big, old long neck and a long tail and they oh they grow to be big usually {NS} Interviewer: Uh we were talking about turtles You ever heard of a big dry land turtle around here that would burrow in the ground? 387: Mm, no I never have well Interviewer: You ever heard one called a gopher or a cooter in this part of 387: heard of cooters but I never knew exactly which ones were cooters mm Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: {NW} I never have heard of one called a gopher I don't believe. Interviewer: Okay What about this little animal looks kinda like a lobster has little claws and you find it in freshwater streams. 387: Oh yeah. {NS} Excuse me. Okay. {X} That's a crawfish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Going to ask you about quite a few insects uh These insects, you know you see at night They just fly around lights Go round and round. Do you know the names of those? 387: Just light bugs. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you ever heard of candle flies? 387: {NW} Yeah I've heard that. I never knew exactly which ones were candle flies and which ones But I've heard candle fly. Interviewer: Alright What about this insect that gets bad about getting in your clothes and eating holes in them? 387: That's moths. Interviewer: Okay, and just one would be a 387: Moth. Interviewer: Okay, and these are insects that fly around at night and blink on and off? 387: That's lightning bugs. Interviewer: Okay What about one that's uh oh, it's a long thin-bodied insect and it has transparent wings. Usually, you see them around lakes, they alight on your fishing pole and 387: That's dragonflies. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other words you use around here for them? 387: Mm None that I can recall. Interviewer: Okay, what about snake doctor? Mosquito hawk? #1 {X} # 387: #2 I've heard of snake # doctor Interviewer: Have you? 387: Mm-hmm sure have. But I had forgotten about that, that's when I was a kid. Interviewer: Okay. 387: But I've heard of m- of snake #1 doctor. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # alright. What about insects around here that sting you? 387: Wasp. Bees but they're not as bad as wasps. Interviewer: You have ones that builds gray big old paper net that's got a really vicious sting? 387: Yeah those are hornets. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: But I don't I don't think I'd know a hornet if I saw one but I've seen the nests. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: several times. I've s- you know or Interviewer: I don't think I've actually seen the insect either, I don't think I have 387: {NS} I don't know that I'd recognize one #1 but you know. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # Right Do you have a stinging insect around here that builds its nest in the ground and it'll swarm on you? 387: That's yellow #1 jackets. # Interviewer: #2 yeah. # 387: I s- I think they're sort of a form of wasp but they're Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: they're pretty vicious #1 too. # Interviewer: #2 Right okay. # And these insects are real common these days just nuisance you know 387: Mosquitoes Interviewer: Yeah all over the place. What about an insect that builds its nest up looks like mud You know, on the side of your house. 387: That's dirt daubers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. As far as you know, do they sting? 387: As far as I know, they don't. Interviewer: Right. And these little insects are bad about burrowing up under your skin. Making your skin itch. You get them if you walk barefoot. 387: Oh, that's red #1 bugs. # Interviewer: #2 yeah # right. Have you heard any other names for them? 387: Heard them called chiggers. Interviewer: Alrighty. What about different types of snakes you find around here? 387: Oh gosh there are a million kinds of snakes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: The poisonous ones would include rattlesnakes and there are several different varieties of those and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Uh copperheads and water moccasins and uh coral snakes I don't know if they ever if there are ever any around here. I've heard people claim there were but I doubt it that there were really were coral snakes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: I think there's several that look like them. Interviewer: Pretty deadly aren't they? 387: They say that they are, they're pretty poisonous. They're I I don't as opposed to being deadly. They have a hard time biting you. I think they actually have to chew on you. #1 I don't think they have any fangs. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: Yeah, and it's I I've never I've never heard anybody I much believed. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: #1 Seen one around here. # Interviewer: #2 Yup # I've just heard that they attack the nervous system. 387: I think there's some ki- I think the poison's different from other poisons. I'm not really sure about it but that's Yeah, they're pretty uh, they're pretty bad news. Interviewer: Yeah, okay What about an insect that you'd see hopping around your front yard some are black some are green. 387: Grasshoppers. Interviewer: Yeah. We were talking about woodpecker peckerwood. Have you ever heard of that kind of 387: Hoppergrass? Interviewer: Yeah 387: Yeah {X} black folks. Interviewer: Mm 387: that's you don't hear many white people call them that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, right. I asked you about what you would use for bait when you fish and you said worms. Any type of little fish that you might use? 387: Minnows yeah yeah Interviewer: All right. All right. Just for pronunciation. The part of the tree that grows underground You'd call that 387: Roots. Interviewer: Yeah. Have you ever heard of people talking about home remedies uh that they might use they might make out of roots or herbs or stuff like that. 387: Yeah a little bit. Not uh I don't really know any specifically I don't think but uh yeah I've heard people. Interviewer: You've ever heard of mullein tea or uh stuff like that? #1 Sassafras tea? # 387: #2 Heard of sassafras # tea. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: I've had some of that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What was it given for? Any idea? 387: Oh, it was just a beverage. #1 Nothing # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: #1 Not a not a # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: remedy that I remember for anything. I remember my grandmother made sassafras #1 tea but I don't # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: remember making it to cure any #1 thing. I think just # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 387: to drink it. #1 It's # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 387: pretty good it's Interviewer: Okay What about the type of uh What are some of the trees that grow around here? 387: Oh goodness Oak trees and pine trees, of course. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Hickory trees. Uh aw just all sorts of trees. Course we got little tree dogwoods and that kind of thing. There are elm trees and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: uh sweetgum trees and Course I mentioned hickory trees. {NW} Oh let's see there. Interviewer: You have this tree, it's the state tree of Mississippi It's got those broad green, shiny leaves and 387: Magnolia? Interviewer: Yeah 387: Oh yeah, got a magnolia tree in my yard. Interviewer: Okay. What about one that's just real messy tree? It's got scaly bark and these little brown knots and balls on it, it sheds all over the place. 387: I've yeah I don't know what kind those are though. They're they're around here though. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, okay, this is just a pronunciation. It begins with an S, S-Y-C- 387: Sycamore? Interviewer: Yeah. 387: Yeah, they have sycamore trees. They're not I don't think there's as many as there used to be. But yeah, oh yeah, they got sycamore trees. Interviewer: All right. And the type of trees that uh Washington was supposed to cut down. #1 {X} # 387: #2 Cherry tree. # Interviewer: Yeah, all right. You ever heard of any kind of bush around here with red berries that people might call either a sumac or shoe-make? 387: Yeah, I've heard of sumacs, but I, I don't know exactly which I think I might could recognize it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Some of them they claim are poison and others Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: {D: Unless they are} #1 and I'm not really # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 387: I'm not really sure about that. Interviewer: Okay. What about the stuff that uh you know, if you get into it, it'll make your skin break out and itch? 387: {NS} Excuse me. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-kay, I was asking about the stuff you get in to make your skin 387: Oh yeah Poison oak or poison ivy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, are those two different? 387: Yeah, I think they are. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: But I don't know the difference in them. I I never have caught that in my life. Interviewer: Really? 387: I guess I'm immune to it, but I got a twin sister that I don't think she's bad as she used to be, but aw man when we were kids, she'd have to go to the doctor it'd be so bad. Just. #1 Walk by they say # Interviewer: #2 Break out just look at it, yeah. # 387: You hear all these tales about folks that that are so susceptible to it, that they can walk by it and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: And I've heard of tales where folks were cleaning off land and burning it that people breathe the smoke and caught it in their lungs and Had a terrible time. I don't know if that's so #1 or not I never have # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 387: seen anybody. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: #1 But I've heard # Interviewer: #2 It'd be interesting. # 387: But I think there is a difference But I don't know how, I don't know how to. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. 387: But it irritates your skin. Interviewer: Yeah, right. Same with me. Okay, what about different types of berries around here? 387: Mm got blackberries and or strawberries. I don't know that strawberries grow wild, blackberries grow wild and they're they uh some people around here grow blueberries they they cultivate them but then I don't know anybody that's ever had much luck with them. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 387: And they grow, let's see, huckleberries grow wild. I don't know if any that I I think some folks call huckleberries different things #1 but I don't know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: I don't know what. Ah, lemme think. Trying think of other berries but I don't know. Interviewer: #1 What about raspberries? # 387: #2 {NW} # I never have heard of any raspberries growing #1 around here. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Alrighty. Uh, have you ever heard of any flowering shrub called either laurel or rhododendron? 387: I've heard of it but I don't know. You know. I always think of that as being more in the mountains. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: But I it I don't e- I've heard of it but I don't even know if it grows around here or not. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Tell me which, which of those terms have you heard? 387: Laurel, mostly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. All right, I'm gonna ask you 387: I've heard of them both, but I didn't realize they were the same thing. {NS} Interviewer: Okay, I'm going to ask you a few things of the family. Say uh, a married woman if she doesn't wanna make up her mind by herself She'd say well, I'd have to ask 387: My husband. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about a married man that he didn't want to make up his mind. He'd say I'm going to have to ask 387: #1 My wife. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Any other ways of saying husband or wife joking or uh 387: Around here? Of course some are joking but a lot of folks refer to their spouse as their old lady or their old man. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: And occasionally, my better half, but #1 you # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: that'd be mostly older #1 folks I think. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 387: The the old lady and the old man's quite common, it's... Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Uh Interviewer: Okay. 387: You hear that everyday. Interviewer: Right. What about a woman whose husband 387: Oh y- I might a- Usually, it's not my old lady it's the old lady. Interviewer: Either way, yeah. 387: But uh, but women, I think always talk about my old man. They don't say the old man. But the Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: but men seem to say the old lady. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Whatever that's worth. {NW} Interviewer: Sure, okay. What about a woman whose husband has died, you'd say she's a 387: Widow. Interviewer: Yeah. Now have you ever heard the woman called anything if her husband hasn't died, he's just left her? 387: Grass widow. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: But I always think of a grass widow as being a divorcee. Uh rather, you know, as opposed to being just le- just #1 separated. # Interviewer: #2 I see. # I see, okay. All right, the man who raised you, that's your 387: Father. Interviewer: And the woman who raised you is your 387: Mother. Interviewer: What did you call your parents when you were growing up? 387: Daddy and Momma Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And your mother and your father together, they're your 387: Parents. Interviewer: All right, and your father's father is your 387: Grandfather. Interviewer: And his wife would be your 387: Grandmother. Interviewer: What did you call them? 387: Called them Granny and Papaw. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. On both sides? 387: Mm-hmm. Both sides, that's right. Interviewer: And a man's sons and his daughters are his. 387: Children. Interviewer: Okay, other words for them? 387: Kids. Young ones is pretty common around here. Interviewer: Okay What about uh say a child's given a name that he's known by Mostly within his family though it's not his real name, you'd say he has a 387: Nickname. Interviewer: Yeah. You have a nickname? 387: Yeah, they call me Bubba. {NW} Interviewer: Uh-huh, okay. What about uh A vehicle with wheels you know, that you can put a baby in and move them around. Maybe take him outside? 387: Oh baby buggy? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you say you're gonna do, uh like I think I'm gonna put the {NS} 387: Excuse me {NS} Talk for an hour. Interviewer: It's a busy morning. 387: Yeah, doesn't want anything. Interviewer: {NW} Okay, Uh, yeah, I was asking you You might say I'm gonna put the #1 baby in the # 387: #2 oh # Interviewer: carriage and go out #1 and do # 387: #2 Yeah, I think # I think uh stroll the baby or walk the baby. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-kay. And a man might have a, a man's children might be his sons and his 387: Daughters. Interviewer: Yeah or his boys and his 387: #1 Girls. # Interviewer: #2 All right. # What about a woman who's expecting a child, you say she's what? 387: Pregnant. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other way of saying that? 387: Expecting. #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 okay # Did anybody ever tell you that pregnant was not a polite word to use? 387: No. Interviewer: Have you ever heard that, maybe years ago, people would avoid saying the word? 387: Mm. No, I don't think so. Interviewer: Mm-kay. You ever heard the expression "She's in the family way"? 387: Yeah, mm-hmm. Interviewer: It would- 387: In I in a family way, I don't know if that Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would older people or you think 387: I think older folks would would do that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would you still feel like you'd hear that you think? Occasionally? 387: You would on older folks I think #1 maybe # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: occasionally. But not not very often, but occasionally you would I think. Interviewer: All right. And if a doctor's not available, the woman that you would send for to help with the delivery. 387: A midwife. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other names for her you heard? 387: Mm No #1 I don't think so. # Interviewer: #2 It's not your granny # or granny woman? 387: I think I have heard granny woman. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: They don't, I don't even know if there are any midwives around here. I think there might be one #1 or something # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: but they're Interviewer: Do those people have to be licensed #1 and everything? # 387: #2 Yeah I think # the health department licenses them, you know, licenses them. I think it's sort of a dying art, I think #1 the ones that # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 387: do it die out and nobody else knows how to Interviewer: All right, this expression, say if a boy has the same color hair and eyes as his father, you'd say that the boy. 387: Looks like his father or takes after his father. Interviewer: Right. What would you say if the boy has inherited his father's bad habits? You'd say he 387: Got them honest probably. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Could you use that expression "takes after" to mean that, that he got his father's bad habits? 387: I think you would I think I think I thought I think uh takes after would would be more referring to habits than it would looking like #1 somebody. # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 387: I think that would be the Interviewer: But you could still possible use it to {NS} Indicate that they're, they look 387: #1 Yeah I think so # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 387: I think so. Interviewer: All right. All right, say a, talk about a child who's been misbehaving, mother might tell him, well you do that one more time, I'm gonna give you a good 387: Whipping. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 387: #2 Switching. # Or whoopings. #1 Common round here. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # {NS} All right, the verb grow, you might say of a boy who's grown about an inch in a year, you could almost see him 387: Growing Interviewer: Mm-hmm, or he, what? An inch in a year? 387: Grew. Interviewer: Yeah. Yeah, he certainly has 387: Grown. Interviewer: Okay. What about a child who's born to an unmarried woman, what would people around here refer to him as? 387: Probably a bastard. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 {X} # I think they'd, you know They'd never call him that I don't #1 think. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # What what do you think about that word? Is it a word that people throw about loosely or is it considered something a strong thing to say? 387: That's a pretty strong thing to say, I mean I think that's a, that's what folks would be when they were cussing #1 you know it's a # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # {X} Although they might use bastard as just as a curse word. 387: Oh yeah #1 quite a bit I think # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 387: #1 and uh. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: Yeah, I think so. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about uh a milder way of putting it if you were Didn't want to, offend anybody by using a word 387: Then they'd say hadn't got a daddy or something like #1 that I think. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Would they ever say he's illegitimate? 387: Not very often, I don't think. That's sort of reserved for lawyers and st- that's what #1 lawyers would say. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 387: {NW} Interviewer: Alrighty, say if I have a brother, and he has a son, that son would be my. 387: Brother. Now w- you said #1 I'm # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # My brother has a son. So his son would be what? 387: Oh he'd be your nephew. Interviewer: Okay. 387: I'm sorry I Interviewer: And a child who's lost both of his parents would be an. 387: Orphan. Interviewer: Okay, the adult who's appointed to look after him would be his. 387: Guardian. Interviewer: Okay. And oh, say the house were full of people like your cousins and your uncles and your aunts, you'd say the house full of your 387: Relatives Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: kin folks. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever hear the word people used that way? The house is, now all that people are coming to see me? 387: Yeah, but I think of people, and I think people are used more As a, as uh The immediate family. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: But yeah, that's quite common. I think of who are his people his meaning who are his mom and #1 daddy and # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 387: #1 brother and sister more. # Interviewer: #2 Right. # Okay 387: It's a But yeah, that's #1 quite common # Interviewer: #2 Mm # okay 387: around here. Interviewer: Alright, this expression, if somebody is telling you about somebody who looks like you, you might say well that may, that may be true but actually I'm no 387: Kin to her Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And somebody who comes to town, nobody's ever seen him before, you call him 387: Stranger. Interviewer: Right, and if he's from another country, you'd call him a 387: Foreigner. Interviewer: People round here ever use the word foreigner even though the person's not from another country? 387: Uh. If they did, it'd be in a joking #1 sort of way. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: Yeah, they'd probably call northerners foreigners #1 just teasing them. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # Okay. Alright, I'm gonna ask you some proper names just for pronunciation. A girl, first name, begins with the letter M uh, the mother of Jesus was. 387: Mary. Interviewer: Okay. And George Washington's wife was. 387: Mary. Oh, Martha. Interviewer: Okay. #1 And what about # 387: #2 Wrong history # Interviewer: {NS} What about uh a woman's name that begins with an N first name. 387: Nancy. Interviewer: Close uh, I think this is, I always tell people this is short for Helen but that's not very productive. Uh, there's a song that goes wait till the sun shines. 387: Nelly. Interviewer: Oh you know that. 387: Oh yeah. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Terrific # Alright. What about a boy's name that begins with a B? Uh, short for William. 387: Bill. Interviewer: And the diminutive of that would be, just tack on a Y and that would be. 387: Billy. Interviewer: Okay. Uh. A man's name begins with an M, Matt would be short for. 387: Matthew. Interviewer: Okay and in the Bible, Abraham's wife was Begins with an S. 387: I don't know Interviewer: Okay, let's see. There are these frozen cakes that you get. They're blank Lee cakes. 387: Sara. Interviewer: Yeah, there you go. What would you call a woman who teaches school, she would just be a 387: School teacher. Interviewer: Alright. Have you ever knew, ever heard the old fashioned names for woman school teachers? 387: Schoolmarm. Interviewer: #1 Yeah, you ever hear that? # 387: #2 But I've never heard anybody use that. # Interviewer: #1 Maybe it's something {X} # 387: #2 Except on television. Yeah, on television. # Interviewer: {NW} 387: I've never heard anybody Interviewer: Ah. How would you say the proper name, the last name C-O-O-P-E-R? 387: Cooper. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: Or Cooper. Interviewer: Alright. Should I talk about. 387: Cooper, I think mostly what I'd say. Interviewer: Alright. A married woman who has that last name, you'd say there goes 387: Miss Cooper. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. This situation, this person, so talking about a preacher who's really not trained to be a preacher. Does something else for a living, most importantly, he's really not very good at preaching. have you ever heard him called a 387: Jackleg. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh-huh. 387: Yeah, jackleg preacher. Interviewer: Can you have a jackleg anything else? 387: Yeah. I think jackleg got a lot of jackleg carpenters #1 around and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: brick layers and I think, oh yeah, I don't think it just refers to preachers. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: But I think you hear it more talking about jackleg preachers than you do Anything else. Interviewer: Would it be possible to have a jackleg while you're a doctor? 387: Yeah, I think it would be. You don't hear it as much cause you know folks you know. {NW} #1 The the reason you. # Interviewer: #2 Guess most lawyers are formally trained to be lawyers. # 387: Yeah, oh they are but the reason is because that's something that you have to have a license #1 to do. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # Yeah. 387: If it wasn't for that, there'd be plenty of Interviewer: Mm 387: They'd uh And and you know, a lot of times now you just hear it by itself. He's a jackleg. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Course I think when they somebody says that they're, you know, they've gotten {D: mine maybe} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about a mechanic who uh kind of does it on the side? 387: Mm he'd be a shade tree #1 mechanic. # Interviewer: #2 Shade tree mechanic okay. # What relation would my mother's sister be to me? She would be 387: Your aunt. Interviewer: Okay. And this is just for pronunciation, if I had to, if my brother, if my father. Had a brother named William, I'd call him my 387: Uncle. Interviewer: Whole name would be. 387: Uncle Bill or Uncle William. Interviewer: Okay, if I had one named John, he'd be 387: Uncle John. Interviewer: Okay. 387: Mostly I, I never referred to my uncles as uncle, I just #1 called them by their # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: first name. Interviewer: Is that right? 387: But a lot of folks do, I don't, probably half and #1 half I guess # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: I don't know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: But #1 I think # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: I don't think people do that as much as maybe as they used to. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Around here, how do people refer to the, the war between the northern and the southern states? 387: The Civil War. Interviewer: Okay. And in the Civil War, Robert E. Lee, do you remember what his rank was? 387: He was general. Interviewer: Okay. And his fellow who uh, started Kentucky Fried Chicken, he's the 387: Colonel. Interviewer: Okay. 387: {NW} Interviewer: What about a man who was in charge of the ship, he would be the 387: Captain. Interviewer: Alright and the man who presides over the county court would be a 387: Judge. Interviewer: Okay. And someone in school is a #1 {X} # 387: #2 Stu- # Student. Interviewer: Yeah, that's what I was trying And the woman out front who types and files for you is a 387: Secretary. Interviewer: Alright, what about a woman who appears on stage or in a movie, she would be 387: Actress. Interviewer: Alright. And our nationality, we're not Germans, but we're 387: Americans. Interviewer: Alright. Around here, well let me put it this way uh Not too long ago, there were separate facilities in the South bathroom, restaurant, all that. One for the, and one for the 387: Blacks and one for the whites. Interviewer: Right. Now as far as you know, is that the term that blacks prefer nowadays around here? Black? 387: I think well that would be probably the one they'd prefer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What other terms have you heard used? 387: Colored. 'Course around here, folks refer to them as niggers #1 I mean it's # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 387: #1 real common it's # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 387: I think that's gotten to be more of a derogatory term. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: But uh Lot of them resent it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: I think. But uh But I think they'd prefer black. Interviewer: Yeah. Around here nowadays when, when somebody says Nigger Is it necessarily insulting or is that just a They're using it neutrally? 387: No, they're just using it. They're n- I don't think they mean it to insult. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 It's just what # they've heard. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: But I think the black folks you know. It ins- it in- you know. It's an insult to them but I don't No, I don't think folks mean to insult them at all. Interviewer: What about negro? 387: Just never really hear that. Unless you're unless you're uh You know. Talking to some of them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: And they- Interviewer: What- what about the pronunciation Negro? 387: Negro's what folks would say here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, yeah, okay. maybe uh joking or uh insulting uh. Ways of referring to white people, you've heard? 387: {NW} Yeah, when I was a kid, we'd go to show they'd {D: hump throw us off the balcony} #1 balcony and call us snowballs. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Snowballs? 387: And I think, I think now I think that's what a honky is, but I'm not sure about that, that's Interviewer: It's a, it's an insulting? 387: I think it's an insulting term for white people Or or white trash is it. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: But, but white folks use that as much as anybody. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Mm-kay. What did, did you ever hear the term redneck? 387: Yeah uh. I don't think that, I think that's something that that white people use more than anybody else. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: And it's uh, you know talking about I think it sort of refers to folks being country Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: That sort of thing Interviewer: They would be called 387: Rednecks. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. What about a child who's born to racially mixed parents? That's uh, one, yeah, one black, one white parent, what would you call that? 387: Mm. I can't think of anything. Interviewer: If you had to refer to him in conversation, what would you say? Or would you just describe the situation? 387: I think I'd describe it. I can't think of any term that would describe it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you have a word mulatto? 387: Yeah, but you'd never hear that. #1 Mm-mm # Interviewer: #2 Don't hear that around here. Okay. # Have you ever head any ways of uh describing blacks with especially light colored skin? 387: Yeah, high yellow. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: Mm-hmm, that's that would refer to them. Interviewer: Right. You ever head the word bright used that way? 387: Mm no, I don't think I have. Interviewer: Okay. What about a working class white man talking about the man he works for, He's say, that's my 387: Boss, or boss man. {C: static crackling} Interviewer: Would a black man be likely to say the same thing? Talking about the man he works for? 387: He, yeah. Or the he might just call him the man. Interviewer: The man? 387: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Okay. What about, uh. People from the country you know, sometimes when they come to town uh, Where I'm from, a lot of 'em come to town on Saturday mornings to do their business or whatever and a lot of times the city folks would kinda poke fun at 'em. And might, behind their backs say, look at him, he's just an old 387: You talking about a-a nigger? {X} #1 You talking about a # Interviewer: #2 Not necessarily a black # Just, it might be a white person from the country. You know, just from way out. 387: Hayseed, maybe Interviewer: Okay. 387: What they might call him hayseed. Interviewer: Yeah. I'm talking about, you know, somebody who kind of stands out. You can uh, tell by looking at him that he's from the country. 387: I might just say he's country. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: I can't think of anything. Interviewer: Hick? He's a, 387: Oh yeah. Yeah, they'd call him a hick. Yeah, I didn't think about that. Yeah, that's quite common. Interviewer: Ever heard of the word Hoosier used that way around here? 387: #1 Never do hear that here. # Interviewer: #2 Never hear hoosier? # 387: Never do hear that here. Well I never. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alrighty. Uh, I'm gonna ask you about a few parts of the body just for pronunciation. What would be called this part right here? 387: Forehead. Interviewer: Alright, and this is my 387: Hair. Interviewer: And if I let this grow out, I'm growing a 387: Beard. Interviewer: Alright, and this is my 387: Ear. Interviewer: Which one is it? 387: That's your right ear. Interviewer: And that's my 387: Left ear. Interviewer: Alright, and this is my 387: Mouth. Interviewer: Alright, someone might fall and break his 387: Neck. Interviewer: And might swallow and get something stuck in his 387: Throat. Interviewer: This part right here, you can see on some people 387: Uh-huh. Interviewer: What would you call that? 387: Adam's apple. Interviewer: Have you ever heard any other names for it? 387: Mm Nope. I don't think so. Interviewer: Does the word goozle mean anything to you? 387: I think a goozle is {D: being} the throat. Inside the throat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But not the Adam's Apple. 387: I don't believe so. Interviewer: Mm 387: But I've heard that then, but not not in a long time. Interviewer: Okay. And all these are my 387: Teeth Interviewer: And just one would be a 387: Tooth Interviewer: And that fleshy part is the 387: Gum. Interviewer: Alright, and this is my 387: Hand. Interviewer: Have two 387: Hands. Interviewer: And this part right here is the 387: Palm. Interviewer: And make a 387: Fist. Interviewer: You got two 387: Fists. Interviewer: What would you call a place where two bones meet, that would be a 387: Joint. Interviewer: Alright, and the upper part of a man's body is his 387: Chest. Interviewer: And he has broad 387: Shoulders Interviewer: Okay. And uh, well you can't see it but this is my right 387: Leg Interviewer: Okay and the end of it is my 387: Foot Interviewer: And I have two 387: Feet. Interviewer: Okay, what about that uh Bone right at the front Uh of your leg Sometimes you stumble and bump 387: Oh your shin. Interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm okay. What about the part that runs from uh, your rear end about down to your knee, the backside? 387: Might your thigh Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You ever heard uh, well, What would you say Johnny Bench is doing you know when he assumes a position when he's going to 387: he's catching Interviewer: Yeah. But what he's doing, what. 387: Oh he's squatting. Interviewer: Yeah. You ever heard any other expression like For squatting? Like uh, hunker down? That mean anything to you? 387: I've heard of hunker down, but I always think of hunker down as being sitting at the table and really eating a lot of food. Interviewer: Oh okay. {NW} #1 Getting down really hard. # 387: #2 We really hunkered down, yeah. # Interviewer: Okay. Have you ever heard that part of the body that you call the thigh as called the hunkers or haunches? 387: Heard them called haunches but I always thought of it as being being uh A corresponding part on animals rather than people. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Alright, this expression, if somebody's been sick for a while You might say about them well uh So-and-so's up and around now but he still looks a little. 387: Pale Or peaked Interviewer: Okay. What about a man who can lift a heavy weight, you say he's mighty. 387: Strong. Interviewer: Alright, and somebody who always has a smile on his face and never gets angry you say he's mighty. 387: Cheerful Interviewer: Mm-kay. 387: Happy. Interviewer: Good nature do that? 387: Good natured, yeah that's real common. Interviewer: Okay, at a boy, whose reached a certain age where he's And he always runs into things and trips and uh falls over his own feet. 387: Just clumsy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. A person who just keeps on doing things that don't make any sense. You'd say he's just a plain 387: Nut, I guess. Interviewer: Mm-kay, what about the word fool? Would that do there? 387: It it would do but I don't think it's that common. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You don't hear people say it #1 that much? # 387: #2 Not much # I always think of that as being More derogatory than crazy #1 and folks # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 387: just don't Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Use it that much I don't think, it's not unheard of course. Interviewer: Would it, would it not be used because it's a very strong thing to say? 387: I don't think it's stronger than crazy. But I think it's just more derogatory. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard some people say that there's something in the bible against using that word? 387: Yeah. I have. Interviewer: Okay. A person who has a lot of money but he doesn't like to spend it, you'd say he's a 387: He's just tight. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Or a tight one. Interviewer: Yeah. Okay. 387: But tight I think's #1 more # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 387: You know. Interviewer: So-and-so is pretty tight? 387: Yeah, more prevalent around here. Interviewer: {X} If I said this about a girl uh She's just as common as she could be, what would that mean to you? Use of that word common? 387: Uh. Crude and uh Ill-mannered. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay so it's definitely not a complementary thing to say. 387: No. {X} Can I get another cup of coffee right quick? {NS} Interviewer: Okay. What about an older person, maybe in his nineties Who {NS} can still you know Take care of himself pretty well Get around alright? 387: Gets around good. Interviewer: You'd say uh Well I don't care how old he is, he's still mighty 387: Mighty spry. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And uh, this situation Talking about a child who doesn't want to go upstairs in the dark, you say he's 387: Scared of the dark, or afraid of the dark. Interviewer: Do you have any names, or have you heard any names to describe a child who uh frightens easily? 387: Scaredy cat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And uh this uh phrase The old gray mare, she ain't what she 387: Used to be. Interviewer: Okay. How would you use the negative of that phrase, used to be? Like in this situation, you might say well I don't understand why she's afraid now, she 387: Didn't used to be. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. Alright, talking about a fellow who leaves a lot of money lying around in plain sight, leaves his doors unlocked, you'd say he sure is mighty 387: Mighty trusting, I guess. Interviewer: Okay, or he's not very, he's not careful he's 387: Careless Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alright. Say I start talking about a relative of mine I might say well, There's nothing really wrong with aunt so-and-so It's just every now and then, she acts kind of 387: Kind of funny. Interviewer: Yeah. What about the word queer there? Would that do in that context? 387: #1 No, that wouldn't there. # Interviewer: #2 She acts kind of queer? # 387: No I don't think so. Interviewer: Okay 387: You hear that sometimes among old folks. Or from old folks, but that'd be the only time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: I think otherwise, you know it's gotten to where it refers to being homosexual and you know, folks just wouldn't use it much. Interviewer: Yeah, and the word is 387: Queer. Interviewer: Yeah, okay. Alrighty, talking about a person who uh makes up his mind about something And refuses to change it regardless, you'd say he's awfully. 387: Set in his ways. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. What about somebody you just can't joke without losing his temper, you'd say he's mighty. 387: Fractious Interviewer: Okay. Alright. 387: Or can't take a joke. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh talking about somebody like that, you might say well I was just kidding, I didn't know he was going to get. 387: I didn't know he was gonna get mad. But they are- sometimes people refer to them as being all business. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, yeah. Thin-skinned? 387: Yeah, occasionally thin-skinned. Interviewer: Or touchy? 387: Touchy, yeah I think. Interviewer: Okay. 387: Didn't think about those. Interviewer: Somebody who's about to lose his temper, and you don't want him to, you might try to uh, avoid it by telling him, now just 387: Calm down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay And at the end of the day if you've been working hard, you'd say you're very 387: Tired. Interviewer: Okay, what about an extreme case of it, I'm just all 387: Worn out. Interviewer: Okay, you ever, you ever heard pooped or 387: Yeah, I've I've heard that Interviewer: Shot? 387: I I think shot is being more like somebody being drunk. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay Alright, what about uh a person who's you hear is in the hospital you might say well he was looking alright yesterday, why is he. 387: Got worse. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, or what about using the word sick there when was it that he 387: Got sick. Interviewer: Yeah And somebody who's been working out in the hot sun, he comes into an air conditioned room and his after a little while his eyes and nose start running, you'd say looks like he he starts sneezing 387: Catching cold? Interviewer: Yeah, it looks like he, did what? 387: #1 Caught a cold. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm okay # And if it you know affects his voice he's a little. 387: Little hoarse. Interviewer: Yeah And if {NW} He does that, he's got a. 387: Cough. Interviewer: Alright. Late in the day I might say, well I needa go to bed, feeling a little. 387: Sleepy Interviewer: Okay But at six o'clock in the morning I'll. 387: Be wide awake. Interviewer: Okay I'll do what? 387: Wake up. Interviewer: Okay. And talking about somebody else who's still sleeping and you don't want 'em to, you might say well so-and-so's still in bed, you'd better go 387: I don't understand. Interviewer: Better go 387: #1 Oh better wake him up. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah, okay # Alright, the word take uh If there's some medicine on the side of the bed, the mother might come in and say well why haven't you. 387: Taken your medicine. Interviewer: But I already. 387: Took it. Interviewer: Well you're gonna have to 387: Take it. Interviewer: Some more, okay. And somebody who uh has trouble hearing you say he's just about stone. 387: Stone deaf. Interviewer: Okay. And if you've been working out in the hot sun, you might come in and take your shirt, wring it out and say look how I 387: Sweated Interviewer: Okay. These places that some people get on their skin, they're kind of red and sensitive Got this white stuff that you mash out. What do you call a place like that? 387: Pimple Interviewer: Alright, anything else you heard? 387: Bump, maybe. Interviewer: What about the words boils or rising? 387: Oh yeah, yeah you I always think of a Of a pimple as being a small place you know that kids get on they face And a rising as a bigger place and more, you know, just uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Rougher looking. Interviewer: Yeah, do people ever call that a boil? 387: Oh yeah, mm-hmm Interviewer: You might call it a 387: A boil or a rising. I I always think of a boil as being bigger than a rising. #1 I don't know whether that's # Interviewer: #2 Really? # 387: Right or not, but I always think of a of a boil as being Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: bigger than a rising. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call that white stuff that you mash out? 387: Pus. Interviewer: Alright I'm talking about a blister, the fluid inside, what do you call that? 387: Hmm I can't think of any {NS} Excuse me {NS} {X} We're trying to get a little case settled, it's one of those kinds of deals they There's not enough money to go around for child support. Interviewer: Yeah You sound like you'd like to strike this law. 387: Oh I do, that's a that's a real nice {X} He's real Reasonable. Some of these lawyers are crazy But this one this It's a It's just, there's just not enough to go around, they got about five or six kids and it's one of those things you know, it just Interviewer: Yeah. 387: That happens quite a bit, there just isn't enough to {NS} #1 {D: Divvy} # Interviewer: #2 Did you always want to be a lawyer? # 387: Oh not always, I never knew what I wanted to be I don't think, but I love practicing law. Interviewer: Are most of the lawyers around here educated in the state? 387: Yeah, I think so, I I'd think three-fourths of them would be. Interviewer: Mm-hmm so about how many of them would you suppose were raised in this area? 387: Until a short time ago the big majority of them now probably not much more than half, or little over maybe. Interviewer: Hmm 387: But uh, we get a lot of, you know, we get a lot of out-of-town lawyers in here. Interviewer: Okay. 387: I think the farther away they come uh the more unreasonable they get. You get somebody from {X} These these schools like, I've seen a lot of lawyers from {NS} {X} Interviewer: Right Okay, I'll just ask you a few more questions then we'll stop. Uh, that fluid in blisters, did you ever think of anything? 387: I don't, I can't think of anything that would describe that. Interviewer: Would you ever just call it water? 387: Water, yeah, that'd be Interviewer: Okay Alright, say if a bee stung me on my hand And it got bigger, you'd say a bee stung me and my hand did what? 387: Uh S-swelled Interviewer: Okay. My hand's pretty badly 387: Swollen. Interviewer: You could almost see it 387: Swell. Interviewer: Okay 387: But that, put Folks always talking about something around here as being swole up. Interviewer: Swole up? 387: yeah, that's a real Interviewer: Sure, okay. And if somebody in a war gets uh shot, you'd say he has a bad The place where he got shot He had a bad what? 387: Mm Wound I guess, maybe, wound. Interviewer: You ever heard of any of wound doesn't heal cleanly and there's kind of a white granular flesh uh forming around it that has to be burned out or somehow removed, you ever heard that described in any kind of way? 387: You're not talking about scarring? Interviewer: Not really, have you ever heard the phrase proud flesh? 387: No. I don't think I've ever heard that. Interviewer: Okay it's just for pronunciation. 387: Proud flesh Interviewer: Proud flesh Okay, and this is a dark brown fluid that you might put on a place to keep it from getting infected That would be. 387: {X} Interviewer: #1 Okay, everything's good # 387: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Or something that begins with an I? 387: Iodine Interviewer: Alright. And this is a white bitter tasting powder that used to be given for malaria. 387: Quinine Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay Talking about a patient who has a terminal illness, you might say that the doctor did everything he could, but the patient. 387: Died anyway or is gonna die. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Now the word died, if you're speaking to the family, and you don't want to come out and say I'm sorry to hear that so-and-so died what might you say? 387: Passed away. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay 387: The colored folks I think would mostly say passed #1 And leave the away off. # Interviewer: #2 Passed # Mm-hmm okay And what about joking or crude ways of saying so-and-so died? 387: Kicked the bucket I think Or croaked. Interviewer: Okay. Talking about somebody who has died, you'd say well he's been uh dead a week now and nobody's figured out what he 387: Died of. Interviewer: Okay And the place were people are buried, that would be a 387: Cemetery. Interviewer: Okay {NS} {X} Things that have to do with death and dying. Uh, what would you call the box that people are buried in? 387: Casket. Interviewer: Anything besides that? 387: Uh coffin maybe but I think casket more. Interviewer: Okay, and the ceremony for the dead person you'd say you're going to his. 387: Funeral. Interviewer: Yeah What about people who are dressed in black at a funeral, you say they're in. 387: In mourning. Interviewer: mm-hmm. You see that done much around here nowadays? 387: No, I don't think so. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay 387: I think folks will just wear their you know, their regular clothes, business clothes or Sunday clothes. Interviewer: Yeah. Say on, just a regular day if you were walking down the street and met somebody that you knew He asked about you know just, inquired about your health, what would you probably say in response? 387: Fine. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay. Now let's say if somebody is troubled, you tell them oh it'll come out alright, just don't. 387: Worry about it. Interviewer: okay what would you call a disease that attacks the joints. Painful usually. 387: Arthritis. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Anything beside that? 387: Maybe rheumatism, I never have Understood the difference #1 between the two. # Interviewer: #2 Me neither. # Okay Do you know what disease that used to kill children because they would get sores in their throat? And wouldn't be able to breathe, they would suffocate. Don't hear about this too much anymore. Begins with a D. 387: No. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Dip- # 387: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 387: #1 Diphtheria? # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah 387: I've heard of diphtheria but I never knew what the symptoms were. Interviewer: Okay, it was just for pronunciation. What about a disease that uh Causes your skin and eyeballs to turn yellow? 387: Yellow jaundice. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if I get a severe pain right around here I might be having an attack of. 387: Appendicitis. Interviewer: What about if somebody ate something that uh disagreed with them and it came back up, you'd say he had to what? 387: Throw up or vomit. Interviewer: Alright Are there any words uh for that that strike you as either crude or funny? 387: I think puke would be probably a crude Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: word that's used sometimes Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Uh. Can't think of any funny ones uh Interviewer: Are vomit and throw up just neutral words to you? 387: I think so I think that {NW} I think vomit probably worse than throw up, #1 maybe # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: maybe a little more, well I don't know if it would or not, they're pretty close to #1 being neutral # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: you hear upchuck sometimes. Interviewer: Yeah, how do you respond to that? 387: I'd think that'd probably Nicer than the other two Interviewer: Mm-hmm, okay. What about barf, do you ever hear that? 387: Yeah I have {D: sure to have} Not quite as much but I Interviewer: Mm-hmm Where does that fall as far as uh your response to it? does that amuse you or would that repel you if somebody said they had to barf? 387: No. I don't, I'd pretty much be neutral #1 on that one. # Interviewer: #2 Mm # And if the word is 387: Barf Interviewer: Yeah, okay. Alright, somebody who's sick that way, you'd say he's sick where? 387: Sick to his stomach. Interviewer: Alright. Alright, talk about courtship a little bit. If a boy is seeing the same girl pretty regularly, and he's getting serious about her, what would you say he's doing? 387: Going with her. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other words for that? 387: Dating her. Uh going with her Uh Can't think of any Interviewer: Do you still hear courting? 387: Occasionally, but not as much as as you know in the past. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Older folks you you know #1 might say that. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # This strike you as an old fashioned word? 387: Mm-hmm. Think so. Interviewer: Okay. You would say that he is her what? 387: Boyfriend. Interviewer: Okay. And she would be his. 387: Girlfriend. Interviewer: Alright. Say if a boy comes in late one night and he's got lipstick all over him and his little brother sees him he might say aha you've been. 387: Making out. Interviewer: Okay. 387: {NW} Interviewer: Say if a boy asks a girl to marry him but she doesn't want to, what would you say she did to him? 387: Turned him down. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, okay. But if she didn't turn him down and say they went ahead and got 387: Married. Interviewer: That, at the wedding, the man who stands up with the groom, you call him the 387: Best man. Interviewer: Yeah, and the woman who stands up with the bride, you call her the 387: Maid of honor. Interviewer: Okay Around here years ago, did you ever hear of a noisy ceremony after the wedding say a lot of people would follow the couple back into their home and maybe even shoot off guns and play tricks on the couple? 387: No, oh I you know of course I've heard of them you know painting up their car and Interviewer: Mm 387: chasing them out of town but never never any Interviewer: #1 Serious # 387: #2 No. Uh-uh. # Interviewer: Have you ever heard the word shivaree or serenade? 387: Course I've heard #1 Not, not used anything like that I don't think # Interviewer: #2 {X} Yeah # Okay. Alright, say if there's a party going on somewhere and it gets a little out of hand and one of the neighbors calls the police and they come over They don't arrest just one person, they arrest the. 387: Whole bunch. Interviewer: Okay 387: {NW} Interviewer: Say if uh, some young people had gotten together and rented a hall or An armory or something like that and they hire a band too, you say they're going to have a. 387: Party. Interviewer: Okay and specifically when you know the couples move around on the floor. 387: Have a dance. Interviewer: Yeah okay What about this expression Say it uh if three o'clock in the afternoon the children uh get out of school, you'd say at three o'clock school does what? 387: Lets out maybe. Interviewer: Okay Now if it's the summer time when school when isn't in session toward the end of the summer, somebody might ask, well when does school 387: End. {NW} Interviewer: Well. 387: Get out Interviewer: Well but say they're anticipating the reopening of school 387: #1 Oh, when does school start back. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Right. Okay. Say if a little boy leaves home and he's supposed to be going to school, but on the way he decides he doesn't want to go that day, you'd say that he did what? 387: Played hooky Interviewer: Okay 387: Or shot the hook some people say Interviewer: shot the hook? 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Uh, what would you say {D: shot the hook} I was noticing somebody said shot hooky, you ever heard that? 387: I don't think I've heard that. But I've heard shot the hook. Interviewer: What would you say if you were in college and you decided you didn't want to go to class? 387: {D: You don't cut} Interviewer: Mm-hmm And the person goes to school to get an 387: Education. Interviewer: Alright and after high school some people go to 387: College. Interviewer: What a What do you say you enter after you finish kindergarten, you go into 387: Uh grammar school or first grade. Interviewer: Okay. And in the school room, each student sits at his own. 387: Desk Interviewer: Okay the plural of that, you say a lot of 387: Desks. Interviewer: Okay. Alright some buildings around town you wanna check out a book you go to the 387: Library. Interviewer: And to mail a package 387: Post office. Interviewer: Alright, and if you had to stay overnight in a strange town. 387: Stay at a motel. Interviewer: Or a 387: Hotel. Interviewer: Okay. And if you wanted to go see a play or a movie, you would go to the. 387: Theater. Interviewer: Alright. And if you got very sick you might have to go to the 387: Hospital Interviewer: Okay And at the hospital, the woman who takes care of you, she's a 387: Nurse. Interviewer: Right. What about if you wanted to catch a train in town, where would you go? 387: Depot Interviewer: Mm-hmm, any other way of saying that? 387: Train station. Interviewer: Okay Would you ever use a phrase with the word rail in it? 387: Mm No, I don't think so. Interviewer: Like railroad station or railway station? 387: Not much I don't think Interviewer: Wouldn't use it okay. Here in uh Talladega Where the court house is situated and the buildings you know surrounding the courthouse, does that area have a name? 387: Mm-hmm that's the square. Interviewer: Square okay. Say if 387: #1 Or courthouse square # Interviewer: #2 that # #1 Mm # 387: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: okay. Downtown, if there's a building sitting right here, and then there's one right here, you'd say that this one was right across from this one, what if it's sitting like so? How would you describe the position from this building? 387: Uh Diagonally across Interviewer: Mm-hmm, any other word you heard used? 387: No None that I can Interviewer: Mm-kay have you ever heard kitty or catty-cornered? 387: Yeah, catty-cornered. Interviewer: Mm-hmm that will do. 387: Oh yeah, catty-cornered well Interviewer: So catty-cornered, it was on an on an angle 387: #1 Uh yeah # Interviewer: #2 or diagonally? # 387: And diagonally across, it sure would. Interviewer: Okay. 387: I didn't even think about that. Interviewer: Alright. Have you ever heard the words antigodlin or antigoglin to mean catty-cornered? 387: No I don't think I have. Interviewer: Okay Alright, this is a vehicle that runs on rails that's powered from a wire overhead. Still see it in San Fransisco. 387: Street car. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And if you're riding on a bus, you might tell the driver well The next corner's where I want. 387: To get off Interviewer: Alright. Here in Talladega where you have the court house, you'd say that Talladega is the what of Talladega 387: County seat Interviewer: Okay. And uh if you're, Or if you're a post master, you work for the federal 387: Government Interviewer: Okay. What do would you say that police in a town are supposed to maintain? 387: Uh, law and order. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay I don't know if I asked you this or not. But the war between the North and the southern states, did I ask you that? 387: Mm-hmm I think it. Interviewer: I think I did. 387: #1 I think we said Civil War, what it was called here. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay, I didn't make a note of that. Alright, in the days before the electric chair, murderers were 387: Hung Interviewer: Yeah. And a man who commits suicide like that, you'd say he went out and 387: #1 I'd say hung himself. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm okay # Alright, I'm going to ask you some names of some states and see if you can just -for pronunciation. 387: Don't worry Interviewer: Uh Albany would be the capital of which state? 387: New York Interviewer: Okay now, to distinguish it from the city You know if you said New York, somebody might confuse it with the city How would you specify it's a state you're talking about? 387: I'd say New York State. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay And Baltimore is in 387: Maryland Interviewer: Alright, uh Richmond. 387: Virginia. Interviewer: Raleigh. 387: North Carolina. Interviewer: Atlanta. 387: Georgia. Interviewer: Uh Columbia. 387: South Carolina. Interviewer: Okay, Miami. 387: Florida. Interviewer: And we're here in. 387: Alabama Interviewer: New Orleans. 387: Louisiana. Interviewer: Louisville. 387: Kentucky. Interviewer: Okay, Nashville. 387: Tennessee. Interviewer: St. Louis. 387: Missouri. Interviewer: Little Rock. 387: Arkansas. Interviewer: Uh Pascagoula. 387: Mississippi. Interviewer: Uh Dallas. 387: Texas. Interviewer: Uh Tulsa. 387: Oklahoma. Interviewer: Boston. 387: Massachusetts. Interviewer: What would, do you have a name for all of the states from Maine to Connecticut together? 387: Uh the New England states. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay and the cities now, what would you say that the biggest city in Maryland is? 387: Baltimore. Interviewer: Okay. And the capital of this country is. 387: Washington D.C. Interviewer: Okay. And probably the biggest city in Missouri would be. 387: Kansas City. Interviewer: Okay, I need another one, looking for another one. 387: Uh #1 St. Louis I guess. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Okay. What about a historical sea port in South Carolina 387: Charleston. Interviewer: Okay. And the biggest city in Illinois would be 387: {NW} Chicago Interviewer: Alright What about a few of the bigger cities in Alabama? 387: Mm Birmingham, Montgomery. Huntsville Mobile. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay #1 What do you call # 387: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: The body of water that uh Mobile is on, that would be 387: Bay. Interviewer: Okay and after you get out of the bay, you get into the what? 387: The Gulf. Gulf of Mexico. Interviewer: Okay. Alright and uh Do you know what a city in the mountains, in the western part of North Carolina, it's a resort city? 387: Blowing Rock. Interviewer: Mm I'm thinking of another one. 387: Mm. Interviewer: So this is Thomas Wolfe's hometown, the guy who wrote "You Can't Go Home Again." 387: Yeah, uh Interviewer: Begins with an A. 387: Asheville. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. And so the bigger cities in Tennessee. 387: Uh Chattanooga, Memphis, Nashville, Knoxville. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. And the biggest city in Georgia would be. 387: Atlanta. Interviewer: Alright, what about the seaport in Georgia? 387: Savannah. Interviewer: Mm-kay, and this is I think the second biggest city in Georgia, it's right across the Alabama line The Phoenix city 387: Columbus Interviewer: Okay And another big city in Georgia. Right at the central part of the state. 387: Macon? Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay And the biggest city in uh Louisiana would be. 387: New Orleans. Interviewer: And the capital would be. 387: Baton Rouge. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And the largest city in southern Ohio where the the ridge {X} 387: Cincinnati Interviewer: Okay And the horse racing city in Kentucky 387: Louisville. Interviewer: Alright, and three foreign countries, if you were in Moscow, you would be in. 387: Uh Russia. Interviewer: Okay, if you were in Paris. 387: France. Interviewer: And if you were in Dublin. 387: Ireland. Interviewer: Okay Uh If you think about religion now, what would you say is the largest uh Protestant denomination in the South would be? 387: Probably Baptist. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. And talking about a fellow who became a member of a church, you'd say he did what? 387: Joined. Interviewer: Do you have What would he He joined what? 387: Joined the church. Interviewer: Yeah okay, I just needed that phrase. 387: {NW} Interviewer: Uh And when you're in church, you pray to. 387: The Lord. Interviewer: Okay, another word would be. 387: Jesus. Or God. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. And you would say the minister or preached a fine. 387: Sermon. Interviewer: Okay. And uh the choir, the organist provided good. 387: Music. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 387: Songs Interviewer: {NS} How would you maybe describe the music, you would say that the music was just {NS} It was very appealing and you liked it you'd say it was just. 387: Wonderful. Interviewer: Alright, another word would be. 387: Beautiful. Interviewer: Okay, that's what it is Uh what would you call the being that's the enemy and the opposite of God? 387: Uh the devil. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, any other names for him? 387: Satan Interviewer: Okay Do you ever Alright, sometimes parents would uh try to get their child to behave by saying if you don't straighten up the old something would get you 387: Boogeyman Interviewer: Yeah. 387: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Now # Is he supposed to be the same as the devil? 387: I don't think he is No I don't think so, I think that they're Interviewer: They're different. 387: I think so. Interviewer: They're some sort of bad #1 spirit. # 387: #2 I think it is, yeah. # Interviewer: Okay, your your parents ever tell you that? 387: #1 No they never scared me. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Okay And uh, these are things that some people think they see and they're afraid of. 387: Ghosts Interviewer: Sure. And if they get in the house, they say the house is 387: Haunted. Interviewer: Alright, this word If somebody asks you to do something that you're not too crazy about doing, you might say well I'll do that uh But I'd, not. 387: Rather not Interviewer: Yeah, okay What would you say to a friend of yours you hadn't seen in a long, long time? What about seeing him for the first time? {X} Interviewer: {X} {NS} Okay, let's see. Yeah I was asking you about what you would say to a friend of yours. Say, would you ever use something like this I sure am mighty. 387: Mighty glad to see you. Interviewer: Yeah. Heard people round here use the word proud? 387: #1 Yeah, quite a bit. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # They would say maybe. 387: I'm proud to see you. Interviewer: Proud to see you okay. Talking about a fellow who owns a great deal of land, maybe several thousand acres You would say well, so-and-so he sure owns a 387: Bunch of land. Interviewer: Alright. You ever heard people use the phrase right smart that way? 387: Mm-hmm. Quite. I don't think you'd use right smart on several thousand acres. I think right smart would be a smaller amount than that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: But it'd Interviewer: In the hundreds? 387: Uh might be, might be. Might even be less than a hundred. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: I never have thought of about land, but you know it Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: People would use that quite a bit. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Give me an example of using that phrase. 387: Uh {NS} Let me think of some. You'd might say did you get in much hay today and say well we got right #1 smart in I think. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah. Could you have a right smart of pain? 387: No I don't think so. I think it'd be something that would be easier to count than Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Yeah. 387: Than Interviewer: Okay it has to be more concrete. 387: I believe- I believe so. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. Alright, say this phrase, if somebody Intentionally dislike to go somewhere, you'd say he blank dreaded the place. 387: Really #1 dreaded it or # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # okay and if you go outside and it's it's cold, I mean you might say it's not just cold out here, it's cold 387: #1 Extra cold # Interviewer: #2 Okay # Anything else? It's blank cold. 387: #1 Real cold or # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 387: Okay Interviewer: Ask you about uh, exclamations uh What would be the strongest thing that you would probably say, you know, in a way of swearing or cursing if you really go provoked? 387: Damn. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 387: #2 Probably # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 387: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 # 387: #2 # Nothing much other than that I don't think. Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody is uh said something about you that you don't appreciate You know, to indicate the kind of resentment you might say why the very 387: Idea. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Very, yeah. {X} Interviewer: Would you ever use- 387: The nerve of it Interviewer: The nerve? Yeah. Alright. Say if you met somebody in town and you're just walking along somebody you know, what might you say to them, you know, in a way of greeting, asking about his health? 387: How are you getting along? Interviewer: Mm-hmm Okay Would you say anything to somebody you didn't know if you were walking along just to be saying something? 387: Same thing, I would, I think. Interviewer: Okay. What about uh if some people had been over to see you and you enjoyed their visit, you might say well Y'all come back 387: To see us. Interviewer: Mm 387: Or when you can. Interviewer: Okay or Come back 387: Anytime. Interviewer: What about another word to indicate that you'd like another visit from y'all come back? 387: Soon. Interviewer: Alright, this word begins with an A that I'm after. Y'all come back A-G 387: Oh, again. Interviewer: Yeah okay. Just for pronunciation, how would you greet somebody around December 25? 387: Merry Christmas. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever Play a little word game on Christmas Day or maybe around Christmas when you You were supposed to say the {NW} to the person when you saw him before he said it to you. 387: Mm no I don't think so. Interviewer: You ever say Christmas gift? To somebody? 387: No. Never did. Interviewer: And around January the first you would say. 387: Happy New Year. Interviewer: Okay. If somebody's done you a favor, you know to show your appreciation you might say well I sure am much 387: Obliged or indebted Interviewer: Do you say that? Much obliged? 387: No I never do. Interviewer: But do you hear it? 387: Hear it quite a bit. Interviewer: Okay. 387: I think that's mostly older folks too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright. Say if you need to go downtown to get some things, you say you have to go downtown to do some 387: Errands. Interviewer: Or Anything begins with an S. Go do some. S-H. 387: Oh do some shopping. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Do you {NW} {NW} Or do you do some errands? 387: Well I think there's a I think the difference I think when you're shopping you're buying things and when you're on errands you're Doing things like #1 paying the light bill on time. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Okay. Uh, say you bought something at a store, the store keeper took a piece of paper and he did what to it? 387: Wrapped it. Interviewer: Yeah, when you got home you 387: Unwrapped it. Interviewer: Alright. And if a a merchant is selling something for less than what he paid for it, you'd say he's selling at a 387: At a loss. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And if you see something that you really like, but you might not be able to get it simply because it, too much. 387: Cost too much. Interviewer: But if you really need it like a new car you might go to your banker and ask if you could 387: Borrow the money. Interviewer: Right, and he might say well I'd like to help you out but nowadays money is mighty. 387: Mighty tight. Interviewer: Okay and another word for that? 387: Scarce. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. 387: Expensive. Interviewer: #1 Sure. # 387: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And if it's time to pay the bill, you would say the bill is 387: Due. Interviewer: Yeah, and if you're in a club you have to pay your 387: Dues. Interviewer: Alright. Alright, say if a boy is at a swimming hole, he might go off run off the end of the board and in the water 387: Dive. Interviewer: Yeah He ran off the board and he 387: Dived. Interviewer: Okay Uh he has out there all day. 387: Dived. Interviewer: Alright, and when he gets in the water he begins to 387: Swim. Interviewer: Yeah. Uh he dived off the board and he 387: #1 Swam across the pool. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # He has out there all day 387: Swam. Interviewer: Okay. What about if he gets in water that's too deep for him? Uh You might say he You might say that he might. 387: Oh. Sink to the bottom. Interviewer: Alright yeah if it kills him he might 387: Drown. Interviewer: Yeah Uh he got in water that was too deep and he 387: Drowned. Interviewer: Yeah A lot of people have 387: Drowned. Interviewer: Okay. What would you say you did if dived in the water and you Didn't enter the water cleanly, but you landed flat, you know? And uh blistered yourself and made a popping sound? 387: Uh. They call it a belly flop. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Okay. Ever heard belly bust? 387: Belly buster, yeah, belly buster {D: heard that before} Interviewer: Alright. And if a child is playing around in the yard He might take his head between his legs and kick out his feet and go over like that. What would you say he did? 387: Turned somersaults. Or somersets. Interviewer: See any difference to you between a flip and a somersault? 387: Always think of a flip {NW} As making the complete circle in the air {NS} Excuse me {NS} Oh okay. {NS} Interviewer: Telling me about flip 387: Oh I I think a I always think of a flip as being as making a complete circle in the air. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: Sp- especially if you're on a trampoline or a diving board. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: And I always think of a somersault as as just playing on the ground. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. Around here, if you go in to uh buy something at the store or go in to pay off your bill would the storekeeper ever give you something, you know, a little extra for doing that? 387: Uh. A a discount or? Interviewer: Okay, that or maybe if it were just something that he gave to you outright. 387: No I don't think so I- Interviewer: Would you have a word for something like that, if that happened? He gave you a or this was 387: I couldn't think of anything other than a gift. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. Do you know the word lagniappe? 387: No. Interviewer: To mean something a little extra. 387: No, never heard that I don't believe. {NS} Interviewer: Alrighty. What about uh what would you say a baby does before it's able to walk? 387: Crawls. Interviewer: Okay. And if a boy gets his kite stuck up in a tree, he's gonna have to 387: To climb the tree. Interviewer: Yeah. It got stuck up there and he 387: Climbed Interviewer: Yeah He has a lot of trees 387: Climbed. Interviewer: Okay. Uh If a child's about to go to bed, but he's going to say his prayers first, you'd say he did what beside the bed? 387: Uh kneeled. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And if you're feeling kind of tired, you might say Well I think I'll down for a while. 387: Lie down. Interviewer: Yeah. And talking about somebody who's pretty sick, you might say well He couldn't even sit up he just in bed all day. 387: Just lay in bed all day. Interviewer: Alright. And things that you begin to see in your sleep, you say you begin to 387: Dream. Interviewer: Yeah. You say last night I 387: Dreamed. Interviewer: I have. 387: Dreamed. Interviewer: About that before okay. And you might say I was dreaming about so-and-so but all the sudden I 387: Woke up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What would you say I did if I brought my foot down pretty hard on the floor? 387: Stomped. Interviewer: Yeah okay. And if uh a fellow was at a party and he wanted to see that a girl got home okay. What might he asker her, he might say may I 387: Take you home or See you home sometimes but take you home I think would be Interviewer: Does take you home or see you home imply either walking or riding there? 387: I think it does, I don't think there'd be any difference. Interviewer: What, what, what would those phrases imply? Which one won't get a ride? 387: Uh. Interviewer: #1 Oh you mean it could be # 387: #2 I don't think it, I # Interviewer: #1 Either one # 387: #2 I think it could be either one # I guess. Maybe see you home might mean, might imply walking more than Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Riding and take you home might mean Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: But I I've never thought about that I Interviewer: Is there anything if you, If you were going to give her a ride in your car, May I 387: Take you home. Some folks would say carry you home. Interviewer: To mean riding in the car? Okay. And to get a boat up on the land, you might tie a rope to it and do what? 387: Pull it out. Interviewer: Yeah and if you're having car trouble you might ask somebody behind you to give you a 387: Give you a push or a shove. Interviewer: Okay. What if you were carrying something like a big trunk instead of saying you carried that thing for a block, you'd say I 387: Mm Interviewer: Kind of implying that you had a had a struggle with it maybe. {NS} 387: #1 Excuse me. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # {NS} And you were telling me about struggling with a heavy object, anything you'd say besides carried? 387: Nothing I can think of. Interviewer: Okay, d- would you ever use the word lugged? 387: Lugged. I might, yeah, it might be. Interviewer: What about the word toted? 387: I never say that. Some people do though. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Toted something. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Older people again? 387: {X} I think so older, I believe it would be. Interviewer: Yeah. Does the word tote imply something heavy to you? Or could it be anything? 387: Oh no I think it could be anything. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: I think lug might imply something heavy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alright. Alright say if a a little child's playing in the kitchen. Mother might warn him about the stove. She might say now that stove is very hot so 387: Don't touch it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Alright if you need a hammer you might say to me That hammer. 387: Give me that hammer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Or if I don't have it, I'm gonna have to get it from somewhere you might say. {X} 387: Bring me the hammer. Interviewer: Okay. This is a child's game uh I imagine you play you know, tag or chase or something like that Do you remember if there was a place that you could run to where you'd be safe, nobody could tag you? 387: I think that was. Home base. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Okay. And if I throw you a ball you're supposed to 387: Catch it. Interviewer: Yeah I threw it to you and you 387: Caught it. Interviewer: Yeah, every time I've thrown it you 387: Caught it. Interviewer: Okay. And we're supposed to meet in town, I might say well if I get there before you do, I'll 387: Call you Or I'll wait on you. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, alright. And if your father has a hired man working for him, he might say well If the guy's not doing his work, he might say I hate to do it, but I'm just gonna have to 387: Let him go. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Or fire him. Interviewer: What about I'm gonna have to get 387: Get rid of him. Interviewer: Okay, and the guy might come back and say, Oh come on, give me another 387: Give me another chance. Interviewer: Alright. A fellow who has a, always smiling and laughing, somebody might say of him, well he sure has a good sense of 387: Humor. Interviewer: Okay. What about. If a little boy leaves his best pen out on his desk and when he gets back it's gone, he says Okay, looks like somebody 387: Got my pen. Or stole my pen. Interviewer: Alright. Anything besides stole? 387: Picked it up. Picked up my pen, I can't Interviewer: You ever hear people say swiped? 387: Occasionally. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Probably not as pro- #1 Prevalent as the other but # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # You ever, do you ever hear Ripped off? 387: Oh yeah, a little bit. Not much, not too much, I always think of those as being sort of a #1 Hippie type word that's # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # #1 {NW} # 387: #2 And it's got you know, gotten out of fashion. # Interviewer: Right. And the term is. 387: Ripped off. Interviewer: Yeah, and that other one I mentioned was. 387: #1 Swiped. # Interviewer: #2 Yeah okay. # Alrighty. If you wanna get in touch with somebody without telephoning them, you might just sit down and. 387: Write them a letter. Interviewer: You sat down and you 387: Wrote. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And you had already 387: Written. Interviewer: Okay. And if you write him, you expect to get a 387: Answer. Interviewer: Alright. What would you say you do to the envelope uh after you put the letter in it? 387: Address it. Interviewer: Okay you might say I'd like to write to so and so but I just don't know his 387: Home address. Interviewer: Okay. What about, talk about a little boy who learned how to do something new like whistle between his teeth. You might ask him who you how to do that? 387: Taught you. Interviewer: Alright. What about a little child who goes around telling on the other children, what would you call him? 387: Tattletale. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. To you is there any difference between tattling and gossiping? 387: Oh yeah, I think that, I think gossiping is just is repeating rumors that you've heard. While tattling you're just I mean you're actually {NW} Well I think tattling is, is children #1 telling on other children # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm # Mm-hmm. Something that actually occurred. 387: Mm-hmm. They're telling their Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: teacher or their mother. Interviewer: Mm-hmm But gossiping suggests that it's not necessarily true? 387: Well, yeah I think, yeah, I think so. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I I think of gossiping as #1 older folks, grown people. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm Okay. Say if you have some flowers growing in your yard that you wanna Brighten up the living room a little bit, you might say well I think I'll go out and 387: Cut some flowers. Interviewer: Okay. What do you call little things that a child plays with, those are his 387: Toys. Interviewer: Okay you have a word for 387: Playthings. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: Mm. Uh. Interviewer: You ever heard of play-pretty? 387: Occasionally. I always thought of play-pretties as being a Being something that a that a baby would play with. Interviewer: I see. 387: Like a rattle or something. Interviewer: Would a would a toy machine gun be a play-pretty? 387: No I don't think so. Interviewer: It would be a plaything? 387: Mm. Might be. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: I think a, I sort of think of a plaything as meaning Collective of toys as #1 play things are the plural. # Interviewer: #2 I see. Uh-huh. # 387: Collection of them. Interviewer: Okay. Alright. A few words here. If I had something that you need right now, you'd say me that. 387: Give me that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm and I might say, but I already 387: Gave it to you. Interviewer: Okay. You have. 387: Given. Interviewer: Alright. And if you're talking about going to the movie, you might call him up and ask him, when does the show 387: Start? Interviewer: #1 Or # 387: #2 Begin. # Interviewer: Okay. And the guy might say, it has already 387: Begun. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. As a matter of fact it, at three o'clock. 387: Began. Interviewer: Alright. {NS} Do you like go to movies by the way? 387: Yeah, but I ain't been in a while. Interviewer: I went to see this one that's playing downtown, airplane. 387: Is it, is it funny? Interviewer: It's ridiculous, I mean it's just one, uh #1 it's a parody on these airport disaster movies. # 387: #2 Yeah. # This show got this, the #1 The theater down here is in, oh it's in such a rough shape and they # Interviewer: #2 Huh # 387: kids get in there and scream and carry on Interviewer: Yeah 387: #1 Why I always try to to go Birmingham or Anniston # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 387: But they're building a new one out here that's #1 going to have two I think, two or three and so. # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? # #1 {X} # 387: #2 maybe you # your feet stick to the floor {X} Interviewer: {NW} I know what you mean. That's typical with theaters. 387: We went one night I hadn't I hadn't been to a show I bet in five or six months but went. Oh, anyway, went one Tuesday night. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 387: And good grief. There's no one, and there's usually not very many you know, not very many people go, There was a pretty good crowd and it was Dollar night or something. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Every kid in town was there and you couldn't hear the movie and they cut up. Interviewer: {NW} 387: So like Saturday morning. Interviewer: Yeah, that's aggravating isn't it. Mm Okay, you wanna get somewhere in a hurry, you wouldn't just walk but you begin to 387: Run. Interviewer: Yeah, you'd say so-and-so all the way home. 387: Ran. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. He has, two miles. 387: Run. Interviewer: Okay. If you don't know where somebody is from, you might ask, Where does he, from? 387: Come from. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You might say he blank in on the train last night. 387: Came in on the train. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Uh has he blank blank yet, has he 387: Left yet? Interviewer: Same word, has he. 387: Come. Interviewer: Yeah, okay. Alright, and with your eyes you say you, things. 387: See. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you 387: Seen. Interviewer: Okay. Uh I blank him yesterday. 387: Saw. Interviewer: Okay. Say if the uh The highway department is working on the road with uh jackhammers you know that sort of thing you might say well You can't get through on the road out there, the highway department's got their equipment out there and the road's all 387: Torn up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, okay. And if you give your wife a present say a bracelet She's just sitting there looking at it, you might say Well, don't just look at it, go ahead and 387: Put it on. Interviewer: Okay. And this verb uh somebody might ask Can you really blank that? Talking about things you're able to perform. 387: Do that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. He might say yeah, I blank it yesterday. 387: Did it yesterday. Interviewer: Uh he as already 387: Done. Interviewer: Alright. And if somebody asks you uh What's new, you might say uh 387: Nothing. Interviewer: And he might say well surely there must be 387: Something. Interviewer: Okay. How about a very unusual thing, somebody might ask you if you heard about the You might act surprised and and say why I never heard of blank things. 387: I never heard of those things. Interviewer: Okay or another word might be If you're really surprised, you've never heard that #1 sort of # 387: #2 Such things? # Interviewer: Yeah. Alright if somebody is asking you how long you lived in the Talladega area you might say well I've blank lived here. 387: #1 Always lived here. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # And talking about a person who got uh thrown from a horse you might say well Uh he got thrown once and he's been afraid of horses ever 387: Ever since. Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody broke out a window, you might say well that wasn't an accident, he did that 387: On purpose. Interviewer: Alright. And uh a few more verbs if you wanted to know something and uh you come to me to find out about it, I might say well I can't help you, in fact you better go blank somebody else. 387: Go talk to somebody, go see somebody else. Interviewer: #1 Alright, if you're specifically going to have to question them, you go # 387: #2 Go ask somebody else. # Interviewer: Yeah. So you went to him and 387: Asked him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh you have him that before. 387: Asked. Interviewer: Okay. And if boys get irritated at each other they might begin to. 387: Fight. Interviewer: Yeah they blank all day long. 387: Fought. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. They have 387: Fought. Interviewer: Okay, and if somebody takes a knife and does su- such #1 to himself you say he did what to himself? # 387: #2 Stabbed. # Interviewer: Yeah. Do you have any names for knife uh knives with big blades? 387: Butcher knife. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. What about this situation, if the teacher comes in the room and there are a lot of funny pictures of her on the board, she might turn around to the class and ask okay who 387: Who did this? #1 or who # Interviewer: #2 or who # 387: Wrote this or who drew this. Interviewer: Okay. Now if you want to get a heavy weight up on the roof of a house, you might rig up a block and tackle and you'd say you did what? You have to 387: Pull. Interviewer: Okay, is there another word you might use there? 387: Hoisted. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm. # 387: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Okay you say you. 387: Hoisted. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. Alright, how would you greet somebody around ten o'clock in the day time? 387: Uh good morning. Interviewer: What would be the latest you'd say that? 387: Noon. Interviewer: Okay, and after noon you would say 387: Good afternoon. Interviewer: What about later than that? 387: Uh. Probably dark Any Prob- probably any time before dark. Interviewer: Would you have another uh Okay how would you greet somebody after afternoon? You'd say say good afternoon 387: I think there's a, I think evening would come in there, between afternoon and night. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you have any idea when evening starts? 387: I look on evening as being, as being dark but I, I think most folks look on it as being between afternoon and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: I think evening would probably start, this time of year, probably between, start about #1 five and go to seven or eight. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 387: Of course in the, I don't know what it'd be in the winter. Interviewer: uh-huh 387: But I think I think of afternoon and night but but I think Most folks think of it #1 evening comes between afternoon and night. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm okay. What would you say to somebody when you're leaving them during the daytime? 387: Goodbye or I think goodbye. Interviewer: Do you ever say good day? 387: Good day, occasionally, no, I don't think I ever do #1 but you hear it sometimes. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah, alright. And what would you say to someone when you're leaving him at night? 387: Good night. Interviewer: All right Okay. Say if a farmer got up very early in the morning, you'd say he got out in the field before 387: Before sunrise. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Or sunup. Interviewer: Okay, and he stayed out until after 387: After dark. Interviewer: Or. 387: Sundown. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. And he got out in the field so early he could see the sun 387: Rise. Interviewer: Yeah. by the time that he got out the sun had already 387: Risen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, the sun blank at five o'clock. 387: Rose. Interviewer: Okay. Let's see if uh Thursday is today, then Wednesday was. 387: Uh yesterday. Interviewer: And Friday will be. 387: Tomorrow. Interviewer: Okay, what would you say somebody came to see you no this past Sunday, but the one before that. You'd say he came to see you. 387: Sunday a week ago. Interviewer: Alright now if somebody's coming to see you not this Sunday but the one following. He'd say he's coming to see you. 387: Not this Sunday but the next. Interviewer: Okay. You ever say Sunday week? 387: Sunday week, yeah #1 occasionally. # Interviewer: #2 will that do? # 387: Yeah, I do. Interviewer: Okay. What if somebody stayed from, at your house from about the first to the fifteenth, you'd say he stayed about. 387: Two weeks or Half a month. Interviewer: You ever hear about people use the word {NS} Go ahead. 387: Fortnight? Interviewer: Yeah. Never- {C: distorted and gets cut off} Could you say that word again for me were were talking about where it meant about two weeks. 387: Fortnight. Interviewer: Say you rarely hear that or? 387: No, never really. {NS} Interviewer: What about if you wanna know the time of day you'd ask me 387: What time is it? Interviewer: Okay and I'd say well let me look at my. 387: Watch. Interviewer: What time would you say it was if it were exactly midway between seven and eight o'clock that would be. 387: Seven thirty. Interviewer: Yeah any other way of saying that? 387: Half past seven but I don't think you'd ever hear that much. Interviewer: Okay. What if it were fifteen minutes later than uh half past ten, you'd say that was. 387: Ten forty-five. Interviewer: Okay, any other way? 387: Mm, quarter to eleven. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, okay. Talk about something you've been doing for a long time, you'd say you've been doing that for quite 387: Quite a while or quite some time. Interviewer: Okay, nineteen seventy-nine was last year, nineteen eighty is 387: This year. Interviewer: Okay. And a child just had his third birthday, you'd say he's 387: Three years old. Interviewer: Okay, and something that happened about this time last year, you'd say it happened exactly 387: A year ago. Interviewer: Alright. A few things about the weather, you might look up at the sky say well I don't like the look of those dark 387: Clouds. Interviewer: Alright. What about a day that's so not too many clouds in the sky, it's nice and blue and the sun shining you say boy it looks like it's going to be a 387: Pretty day. Interviewer: Okay and if it were the opposite, if it was dark and you know maybe expected to get some rain so yeah, looks like it's going to be a 387: Rainy day or a cloudy day Interviewer: Mm 387: or a gloomy day. Interviewer: Okay. What about, what would you say the weather's doing if the clouds get Start getting thicker and darker you an- you anticipate some rain you'd say the weather's 387: Clouding up. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. You ever hear something like the weather's threatening or? 387: Threatening, yeah, occasionally. Interviewer: That would do. 387: Lot of people say coming up a cloud. Interviewer: Coming up a cloud, okay. But if the cloud starts pull off you know and the sun starts shining through, you'd say it's doing what? 387: Fairing off. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. What if you get a lot of rain in just a short period of time, maybe like a couple of inches in just an hour, you'd say you had a regular 387: Downpour. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay, anything besides that? 387: #1 Mm # Interviewer: #2 It might be a humorous way of saying it? # 387: Let's see. Gully washer. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Have you ever heard of toad strangler? Or stump mover? 387: I may have heard those, I don't, not much But I may have that's {NS} Interviewer: Okay. 387: Excuse me. {NS} Interviewer: Alright, and if you're, you have some lightning with the rain What kind of storm would you call that? 387: Mm. Thunderstorm. Interviewer: Okay. And this verb, if you get your clothes up on the line, but the wind came along and did what? 387: Blew them off. Or dried them. Interviewer: Okay {NW} That was out of the blue right? Uh the wind has 387: Blown. Interviewer: Okay. And it sure did earlier. 387: Blow. Interviewer: Okay. What would you, which direction would you say wind's coming from it it's uh coming from that direction? 387: Uh East. Interviewer: Okay and that would be. 387: No it would be west I guess. Interviewer: Okay, I'm just after the points on the compass. You'd say the winds out of the 387: Out of the west. Interviewer: Alright then if it's that way then it's 387: Out of the east. South. North. Interviewer: Okay. What about if the wind is between the south and the west, you would say that it's 387: Southwesterly wind. Interviewer: Okay and if it's going south and east it would be 387: Southeasterly. Interviewer: And north and east. 387: Northeasterly. Interviewer: And north and west. 387: Northwesterly. Interviewer: Okay. Say if you went out, it's in the When it's doing outside, it's raining, but you barely got wet, you'd say it was just a 387: A sprinkling, a drizzling, just a drizzle. Interviewer: You have a name for a rain that doesn't last long at all? 387: Shower. Interviewer: Okay. You're driving along and you come to a low place in the road, you might go through all this white stuff that you can barely see through, that would be. 387: Fog. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what kind of day would you say that is? 387: Mm. Foggy. Interviewer: Mm-hmm alright What about uh The kind where we've been having, it hasn't rained for a pretty long time, you say you're having a 387: Drought. Interviewer: Any other term for 387: Dry spell. Interviewer: Yeah and is there a difference? 387: I think a drought would be more severe and more prolonged than a dry spell. Interviewer: Okay. What about if the wind has been very gentle, but it's gradually getting stronger, you'd say the wind is doing what? 387: Picking up. Interviewer: Okay, and if it's been the opposite, if it's been very strong but it's gradually getting more gentle you'd say it's 387: Dying down. Interviewer: Okay, what if you go out in the weather Uh it's a little on the cool side you know, not uncomfortable, just kind of invigorating you'd say it's kind of 387: Chilly. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Computer terminal up {X} 387: Uh-huh, wait it's a computer, it's not just a {X} it's a He's an accountant Interviewer: Oh yeah. 387: And, and so he he uses that, he's kind of had trouble out of that thing it's. His programs aren't, aren't correct to me Uh. Interviewer: What type is it? 387: Gosh I don't know. No it's not IBM uh I think it's DEC, I think it's Digital Equipment Company, but I'm not really sure I Oh I can't understand anything about those things. Interviewer: Yeah, that is interesting. 387: He's really just, he's really sort of learning he's probably had a couple months Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm, mm-hmm # 387: #2 but it's you know not, slow as a typewriter. # Interviewer: How to manage it. 387: He's trying to figure it out I think. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: And I don't think really, he's he's using it to its fullest capacity he just doesn't you know he's just not sure about. Interviewer: Yeah. 387: You know it's just gonna take time to sort of grow into it but it's it's. You know it'll be a help to him. Interviewer: Sure. Okay. You were telling me it's chilly, have you ever heard things like people say it's a little airish out here? 387: Mm-hmm. A little airish I think that means cold, cool. Interviewer: What about nippy? 387: Nippy, occasionally. Interviewer: And if you go outside and there's a light coating of white on the ground, you'd say you have 387: Frost. Interviewer: Alright, is there any difference between, do you have another name for one if it was severe you know, it would kill the plants? {NS} 387: Uh. {NS} Excuse me. {NS} Let me think. No, maybe a hard frost last month. Interviewer: Okay. 387: Or a heavy frost I guess it'd be. Interviewer: Do you hear a killing frost? 387: Never have heard that I don't think. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd say it was so cold last night the lake did what? 387: Froze. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 387: Or froze over. Interviewer: Okay. And uh if it gets much colder, the pond might 387: Freeze over. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, everything around here has 387: Frozen Interviewer: Okay. Alright. This expression sometimes you hear or you feel that your good luck comes just a little bit at a time. But it seems like your bad luck comes 387: All at once. Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody says something more than once, maybe he was saying it 387: Twice. Interviewer: Okay. This is just for pronunciation But would you count for me? From one to fourteen? 387: Uh-huh. One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Eleven. Twelve. Thirteen. Fourteen. Interviewer: Okay and the number after nineteen is. 387: Twenty. Interviewer: And after twenty-six is. 387: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: And after twenty-nine. 387: Thirty. Interviewer: And after thirty-nine. 387: Forty. Interviewer: And after sixty-nine. 387: Seventy. Interviewer: And after ninety-nine. 387: A hundred. Interviewer: Okay and after nine hundred ninety-nine. 387: A thousand. Interviewer: And ten times one hundred thousand would be one 387: Ten times a hun- a million. Interviewer: Uh-huh okay. 387: Had to add that one up. {NW} Interviewer: Alright. What about the day of the month that the bills are due, that's usually the. 387: First. Interviewer: And after that is the. 387: Second. Third. Fourth. Fifth. Sixth. Seventh. Eighth. Ninth. Tenth. Interviewer: Okay. And again just for pronunciation, the months of the year. 387: Uh. January. February. March. April. May. June. July. August. September. October. November and December. Interviewer: Okay and the days of the week. 387: Uh. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday. Interviewer: You ever hear people around here call Sunday by any other name? 387: Mm. No. Interviewer: You ever hear Sabbath? 387: No, never would hear that. Interviewer: Does that mean anything? To you? 387: I think it'd be something the preacher would use. Interviewer: Okay. 387: A biblical term. Interviewer: A little too formal? 387: Yeah, I think so. Interviewer: But the word is. 387: Sabbath. Interviewer: Yeah, okay. Alright, you had troubles and uh were telling me about them, you might say well got troubles too. 387: I've got troubles too. Interviewer: Okay, if this verb if somebody makes a noise, you might say did you 387: Hear that. Interviewer: He'll say yes I 387: Yes I heard it. Interviewer: I've 387: Heard. Interviewer: Okay. And if I asked you if you know a person, you might say well I don't know him but I've 387: Heard of him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. And if a friend of yours comes to town and you're asked if you've seen him yet you might say no I 387: Haven't seen him. Interviewer: Yeah and if you're asked if you friend has seen him you might say no he 387: Hasn't seen him. Interviewer: Okay. Alright talking about something you do every day you all the time. 387: Do it all the time. Interviewer: Okay. Uh you might ask uh, uh If your brother does it frequently, you'd say yes he 387: Does. Interviewer: Alright and the {X} question out of that, blank he do that? 387: Do you? Interviewer: Or. 387: Does he? Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. And you might say if uh you're asked if your brother likes ice cream, you might say yes 387: He does. Interviewer: Okay. And talk about a farmer who has just let his land go to weeds, you might say well uh I just don't understand it but he just seemed to care. 387: Doesn't seem to care. Doesn't. Interviewer: Okay. Say if a a parent has been dressing her child, but she decides that it's time for the child to learn how himself. She might go into his room with her- with his clothes in her hand and say okay, your clothes 387: Here are your clothes. Interviewer: Okay. And if I asked you if you think Carter is going to be reelected, you might say well no but but blank people who think so 387: A lot of people think so. Interviewer: Or there. 387: There are people who think so. Interviewer: Okay. And if a boy sees you on the street, he's kind of afraid of you, you might try to reassure him by saying oh, not going to hurt you. Blank, going to hurt you. 387: #1 Oh I'm not going to hurt you. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm, okay. # And if you're uh in an argument with somebody trying to uh persuade him that you're right, you might not, you might say well na- ah I'm right, blank I 387: Aren't I? Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. If you gave somebody a ride into town and he was {D: psyching} you for it afterwards, you might say aw don't mention it, we going in anyway 387: We're going in anyway. Interviewer: Okay. Or we what? 387: Went in anyway. Interviewer: Or we blank in anyway. 387: Are going. Interviewer: What if it were past, we 387: Went. Interviewer: Or. {NW} Okay. Not we are, but we 387: We're going. We are. Are we. Interviewer: You, you'd already gotten to town you see. 387: Oh we were coming anyway. Interviewer: Right, okay that's what I 387: {X} Interviewer: Alright. Uh Talking about uh if somebody were reminiscing about the past of the old days when everything was supposedly better you know than it is nowadays. He might lean back and say well those 387: Were the good old days. Interviewer: Okay. And if somebody asks uh Was that you I saw in town yesterday, you might say no. 387: Wasn't me. Interviewer: Mm-hmm okay. {X} {C: end of audible recording}