Interviewer: That falls a long distance. 444: Waterfall. Interviewer: Uh. What do you call most important roads around here? What would you call it? 444: Uh. {NW} Highways. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What what would the highways be made of? What are they made of? 444: {NW} Interviewer: This one out here. 444: {NW} Gravel and tar. Interviewer: {NW} What will you call the sidewalks that we walk on? 444: Mm. Concrete. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. What are what are they made of? 444: Cement. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. A little road that goes off the main uh road What would we call it? 444: {NW} Interviewer: So you got your own highway, and you got a road to go off of it, what what might you call it? 444: It'll be a lane or just a regular road. Interviewer: Alright, suppose you came to a man's farm down the public road and came to the turnoff onto his house. What might you call that? In order to get to his house. 444: Pathway. Interviewer: Uh. Something along the side of the street that people walk on. What would we walk on into town? {NS} 444: It'd be a lane. Interviewer: Now what do we walk on in town. 444: Sidewalk. Interviewer: Uh. Two boys are walking across the field, and one of them saw a crow in the field eating a farmer's corn. He reached down and picked up. What might you pick up to chase the crow off? 444: A rock. Interviewer: Alright. What uh If you uh chased the crow off and when you got to farm, you said to the farmer, I picked up a 444: Rock to throw it at the crow. Interviewer: {NW} If um Someone came to visit your wife, and you met the person in the yard, you might say, She's Where? The house. 444: In the house. Interviewer: Alright, and then she's Uh, in the kitchen baking some cookies. 444: She's cooking. Interviewer: Um. Talking about putting milk in coffee, some people like it What? 444: Like it straight. Interviewer: Alright, if you don't have any milk at all, what would you 444: {X} Interviewer: Uh. If you like milk in your tea, you say you drink your tea how? 444: With milk. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. If someone is not going away from you, you say he is coming straight 444: Towards. Interviewer: Uh. Later on, you would tell another friend about the incident. I wasn't looking for him, I just sort of ran 444: Across him. Interviewer: Um. If a child is given the same name that his father has, you say that They named the child What his father? 444: Same as his father. After his father. Interviewer: Alright, and what else? Can you think of any other words you might use? He's named after his father Can you think of anything else you might use? 444: {X} Interviewer: You might say that. Uh, if you were going hunting, you'd better take along a good what? Hunting what? 444: Dog. Interviewer: If you wanted your dog to attract another attack another dog or a person, what would you say? 444: You would {X} Interviewer: Uh. If You have a dog that's a mixed breed, you'd call him a what? 444: {NW} Interviewer: What would you call him? Some of your friends came to get a dog from you. And he was a mixed breed, what would you call it? 444: {D: Pure or something else} Interviewer: Uh. If someone insists on uh going uh inside the fence where a watchdog is kept, you might say, You better watch out or he'll you'll get what? 444: Dog bit. Interviewer: Uh. In a herd of cattle, what do you call the male? In a herd of cattle. What's the male called? 444: {X} Interviewer: What do you call him when there's Uh When there are some women around? Would you use another name? 444: {X} Interviewer: Uh. What kind what is the kind called that we uh get milk for from? 444: A cow. Interviewer: Uh. The ones you drive carts with uh if you had four then you would say you were dragging two What of oxen? 444: Pair. Interviewer: Um. In our fathers' time, what kinds of animals were used to pull a heavy loads besides horses? 444: {D:Oxen} Interviewer: Well, beside oxens, what would we 444: Mules. Interviewer: {NW} A little one when it's first born, of cattle, what do we call it? 444: Calf. Interviewer: Alright, what do we call a female? 444: {X} Interviewer: What do we call a male? 444: Heifer. I used to it's a male? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 444: {X} Interviewer: And female is what? 444: Heifer. Interviewer: If you had a cow by the name of Daisy expecting a calf, you'd say, Daisy's going to what? 444: {D: come in} Interviewer: Uh. What do you call the male horse? 444: A stallion. Interviewer: Can you think of any other names? Alright, riding animals are called what? 444: Horses. Interviewer: And a female is called a what? 444: Mare. Interviewer: But uh. Don't matter if they're male or female, they're still what? 444: Horses. Interviewer: Uh. If you didn't know how to ride, you would say, I have never a horse 444: Ever rode a horse. Interviewer: If you couldn't stay on, you say you'd say, I fell 444: Off. Interviewer: Uh. Say a little child went to sleep in bed and found herself on the floor in the morning, you you'd say, I must have 444: Fell off. Interviewer: {NW} The things that you would put on a horse's feet to protect them from the road, what would you call them? 444: Horseshoes. Interviewer: The parts of the horse's feet that you put the shoes into would be called a what? 444: Hoof. Interviewer: Um. The male sheep Do you know what a male sheep is called? Uh. What about a female? 444: Nothing. Interviewer: Alright. What do you raise sheep for? {NW} 444: For the wool. Interviewer: Uh what is a uh male hog called? 444: A boar. Interviewer: Uh what would you call a male that's been altered? 444: A boar. Interviewer: Uh. How big might must a pig get to be called a choate? 444: About a sixty-five or hundred pounds. Interviewer: What is an unbred female called? 444: A gilt. Interviewer: Uh. What are all these called? 444: Hogs. Interviewer: Uh. What do the hogs have on their backs? A stiff hair. What do we call that? 444: Bristles. Interviewer: Uh, and the big teeth that a hog has, what do we call them? 444: Tusk. Interviewer: Um. What will we call the thing that we put food in for a hog? To eat. 444: Trough. Interviewer: Um. What name do you have for a hog that's grown up wild? 444: Wild hog. Interviewer: Uh. Now. Uh. If you had a pig and you didn't want him to grow up to be a boar, What would you say you would were going to do with him? 444: {NW} Castrate him. Interviewer: Uh. Noise made by a calf when it has been wounded, you say the calf began to 444: Bawl. Interviewer: And general noises Or a noise made by a cow during feeding time. Have you heard of a cow when they're feeding, what kind of a noise do they make? 444: A roaring noise. Interviewer: Uh. What kind of noise does a horse make a general noise that a horse makes? 444: A uh whinny. Interviewer: When you're uh you're going you've got some horses, mules, and cows, and so forth now, When they are getting hurry hurried, you would have to go out and 444: Feed 'em. Interviewer: Uh. If you were going to feed the hens, turkeys, and geese so forth, what would you call all of them? 444: {X} Interviewer: Uh. A setting hen or a hen on a nest of eggs is called a what? 444: Setting hen. Interviewer: Uh. The place where they live Uh if it's just a little room shelter built out in the open for chick to run under out of {X} What do you call that? 444: Chicken coop. Interviewer: Uh. What when you eat one, what is the part that the children like to have so that they can pull it apart, see how it would break in a chicken? 444: Uh, pull bone. Wish bone. Interviewer: Uh, what do you call the inside parts of the chicken that you eat? The liver and heart and gizzard. Called chicken what? The part that you sometimes eat and sometimes stuff sausage in is what? 444: Chitlins. Interviewer: Uh. Now you your cow moo and your horse neigh you say, Gee, I didn't realize it was so late. It's right on 'til 444: Feeding time. Interviewer: Uh. How do you call your cows to get them from the pasture? 444: Say {D: suh} Cow. Interviewer: Uh, what about calling a cat? 444: Uh, {D: suh} cat. Interviewer: Uh, what do you say to mules or horses to make them go left and right? 444: Hee and haw Interviewer: Uh. How do you what calls would you make to a horse when you're trying to get him for to go from the pasture? 444: You you whistle at him. Interviewer: Uh. What do you say to a horse to urge him on? To make him go on. 444: {X} Get up or move. Interviewer: Uh. What would you say to stop him? 444: {X} Interviewer: Uh. How do you call hogs to feed 'em? 444: Call Come on, piggy. Interviewer: Uh. Do you know a name that uh how you would call sheep in the pasture? 444: {NW} Interviewer: What about chickens? How do you call chickens when you wanna feed 'em? 444: Uh. Chick, chick, chick, chick. Interviewer: Uh. If you want to get the horses ready to go somewhere you say, I want to How do you get 'em ready to go? 444: Uh. {X} Interviewer: {NW} When you uh are driving a horse, what do you hold in your hand? 444: Line. Interviewer: Suppose you're riding a horse. What do you guide him with? 444: A rein. Interviewer: What do you put your feet into when you're riding? Horse back. 444: {NW} Stirrups. Interviewer: Uh. If you have two horses, the horse on the left is called a what? 444: {NW} {X} Interviewer: Uh, if something's not right, and you're at home, you say, It's just a little 444: Little off. Interviewer: Uh. If you had been traveling and have not finished your journey, you might say that you had a What before dark? 444: A little ways to go, a long ways to go before dark. Interviewer: If something is very common and you don't have to look for it in a special place, You would say that you could find that just about 444: Anywhere. Interviewer: Uh. If he slipped on ice and fell this way He fell where? 444: Backwards. Interviewer: And if he fell this way? 444: Forward. Interviewer: Uh. {NW} If I should say, Did you catch any fish? You'd say No How many I want? 444: Didn't catch caught a few or didn't catch any, not a one. Interviewer: Uh. A student might say of a scolding teacher, Why is she blaming me? I Did blank wrong. 444: I didn't do it. No, I didn't I didn't do it. Uh, I wasn't wrong. Interviewer: Uh. If someone apologized for breaking your vase, and you say, That's alright, I didn't like it 444: No way or anyway. Interviewer: Uh, a cry crying child might say he was eating candy {D: he didn't give me} 444: Vanilla Interviewer: Uh. Well, if he didn't give you none, what would you say? 444: He didn't give me any. Give me none. Interviewer: Uh. Uh. Now, that boy's spoiled. When he grows up, you might say, He'll have his trouble If if a boy is spoiled, and he grows up, you might say, He'll have his trouble 444: When he get older then Interviewer: Uh. What do we call uh trenches cut by a plow? 444: A furrow. Interviewer: Uh. If you have a good yield, you say, We raised a big {NW} 444: Big crop. Interviewer: Uh. If we uh Need to Uh. If you get rid of all the bush and trees on the land, you say you did what? 444: {X} Clear it up, maybe. Interviewer: Alright, if you cut them uh down, To make a good road for the woods to a logging camp, you say, We just Did what to the land? 444: {X} Made a road or cleared a road. Interviewer: The second kind of clover grass What do you call the old, dead, dry grass left over the ground on the ground in the spring? What might you call it? 444: Just. {NW} Interviewer: You know what the wheat uh the wheat is tied up into a what? 444: {NW} Bundle. Interviewer: {NW} The bundles or or sheaves are piled up into a what? For it to dry and so forth. 444: {NW} Interviewer: What what what do we call when we uh put up peanuts and so forth? Have you ever dried any peanuts? What do you call 'em? When you uh. Put 'em in a pile. What do you call that little? 444: Stack 'em up or put the shelf or something like that. Interviewer: Uh. You uh if I should say uh if you were raising wheat and I say you uh How many uh You raise forty Of what? Of wheat. 444: Wheat bushels. Interviewer: Um. What have you got to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of it? 444: {NW} Thresh it. Interviewer: Uh. If you and another man have got to do a job and you told him about it, you would say, You and Have to do it. You and who? 444: You and me. {NW} Interviewer: Uh. But if you were out speaking to him just talking about him, you'd say, The job is for 444: The both of us. Interviewer: Uh. If some friend Of yours or and you are coming over to see me, you say Blank and blank are coming over. 444: {X} Interviewer: How would you say? {NW} If you knock at the door, and they say, Who's there? They know your voice, and so you say, It's 444: Me. Interviewer: If we are sitting here expecting some man to knock the door, you say, Oh, it's only 444: Only him. Interviewer: If it is a woman, you'd say 444: Her. Interviewer: If it is two people, you'd say it's 444: Them. Interviewer: Uh. Comparing how tall you are, you say, He is not as tall as 444: Me. Interviewer: Uh. Comparing how tall you are again, you say, I am not as 444: Tall as you or. Interviewer: Uh, comparing how tall how well you can do something, you'd say, He can do it better than 444: Me. Interviewer: Uh, if a man has been running for two miles and then had to stop, you'd say, Two miles is He could go 444: Two miles all he can run. Interviewer: Uh. If something belongs to me, you say it's Blank. 444: Mine. Interviewer: Uh. If it belongs to both of us, you say it's 444: Ours. Interviewer: And if it belongs to them. 444: Them think. Interviewer: What about to him? What would you say if it belongs to him? 444: His. Interviewer: And if it belongs to her? 444: Her. Interviewer: Uh people have uh been to visit you and they are about to leave, you say to them, Blank come back again. 444: Y'all come back. Interviewer: Uh, now if somebody's been to a party far later than you were asking about the wraps or their coats, you might you would say, Where are If they're fixing to leave and and you wanna get their coats and things for 'em, what would you say? Where are 444: Where are the clothes I wonder Interviewer: Uh. Asking about people at a party, you would say Blank. Has been there. 444: Say, He has been there. Interviewer: Uh, a group of children that obviously belong to more than one family, you'd ask you'd ask about them children over there. If you went to a party, and you want to know uh You'd ask about somebody's children, you'd say, "Blank children are they?" 444: Uh. They children there. Interviewer: Uh. When you're asking about a speaker's remark, you might say, "Blank didn't say 444: What did he say? Interviewer: Uh. If no one else will look Uh out for them, you'd say, They've got to look out for 444: Themselves. Interviewer: If no one else will do it for him, you say, He had better do it 444: His self. Interviewer: What is made of flour baked in loaves? 444: {X} Interviewer: What is made of flour? 444: Is it biscuits? Interviewer: Alright, when it's made to rise with yeast, you'd call it what? 444: Loaves. Interviewer: Alright, what uh Uh what do we have to have uh what is first what we have to make uh What is flour made from? 444: Wheat. Interviewer: Uh. Other kinds of bread made of uh Uh. Flour. What would you uh What might you call it. Some other kinds of bread made of flour? Can you think of any? 444: Cake. {X} Interviewer: Uh, what are the kinds of uh Bread are not in loaves. 444: {NW} Made of flat biscuits and {X} bread. Interviewer: Alright, what is baked in a large cake pan or corn meal? 444: Cornbread. Interviewer: Uh. Now, you mentioned cornbread. What do you mean by cornbread? 444: That's uh bread's made out of meal. Cornmeal. Interviewer: Alright, and you got to know another kind. And know another kind? 444: What uh Interviewer: Alright, suppose you have a kind that doesn't have anything in it except corn meal, salt, and water. What do you call that? Do you uh do you ever have any kind of cornbread that people have talked about making for the fire or the board or something like that, only larger? 444: {NW} Hoe cake and Interviewer: Alright what how else what would you call that uh that's Cooked on top of the stove. Might cook on top of the stove. 444: Turnover or? Turnover. Interviewer: Okay. Uh, do you know what a corndodger is? You ever heard the term corndodger? Uh, what do we have that um That you uh Uh. Deep fat, uh cook it, and uh eat with fish. What do you call it? 444: Hush puppy. Interviewer: Uh. There are two kinds of bread. The homemade version and the kind that you buy at the store. It's called what? {NW} If you buy it at the store, you'd call it what kind of bread? 444: Loaf or. Interviewer: #1 Loaf of bread.{NW} # 444: #2 # Interviewer: #1 # 444: #2 # Interviewer: If it's made at home, what do you call it? 444: Homemade. Interviewer: Uh, what is fried in deep-fat with a hole in the center? Uh, what do we call that's deep-fried with a hole, and it's sweet? 444: Donut. Interviewer: Uh. Sometimes you make up a batter and fry three or four of these at a time. You eat them with syrup and butter. And what would you call these? 444: Pancakes. Interviewer: Uh. Would they always be made out of wheat flour? Can you think of any other You uh Do you call them anything else other than pancakes? Uh. You went to the store to buy two Blank of flour. What does flour come in? 444: Pound. Interviewer: Uh, what would you use to make a bread that is not baking powder or soda? It comes in a small little packet and it's dry and get granulated. 444: Yeast. Interviewer: Uh, what are the two parts of the egg? 444: Yolk and the yellow. Interviewer: Alright, one is the white and the other one's what? 444: The yellow. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. What color would you say the yolk is now? 444: Colorless. Interviewer: No, what color is the yolk? You said it a while ago What color is the yolk? One is the white, and the other is what? 444: Yellow. Interviewer: Hard of what? It's the white and the what? What is another name for the yellow? Hmm? 444: The yolk. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And now what color would you call the yolk again? 444: Uh. Interviewer: What color is the yolk? 444: Yellow. Interviewer: #1 Alright, if you cook them in hard in hot water, what do you call them? # 444: #2 # Interviewer: #1 # 444: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 If you # 444: #2 {X} # Interviewer: If you cook a egg in hot water, what would you call it? 444: Uh. It'll be {X} Interviewer: #1 Well, if you uh haven't broken it, and it's still in the # 444: #2 Boiled. # Interviewer: #1 # 444: #2 # Interviewer: Alright. If you crack them and let them fall out of the shells into hot water, what kind are they? 444: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 How they compare? # 444: {X} Interviewer: {NW} Uh. {D: Pat's old book} Is called what? What do we call? {D: Bats all porch} 444: {X} Interviewer: Um. When you touch a side of a hog, what do you call that? 444: Mm. Bacon. Interviewer: Alright, if there's some bacon it's uh. Okay. The kind of meat that you buy sliced thin to eat with eggs. 444: It'd be bacon {D: ain't it?} Interviewer: Alright, would you call it bacon? No? Um. What about uh When you chew or Uh. Bacon what do you uh What kind of taste what what would you call it? 444: Smoked. Smoked bacon. Interviewer: Uh. The outside of the bacon is called? What's another name for uh skin? What would you call it? Bacon what? What about a orange or lemon what? 444: Peeling. Peel or. Interviewer: Or what other name other than peel of or peeling? 444: Skin. Interviewer: What's another name for skin? 444: The rind. Interviewer: {NW} Uh, the kind of meat you buy and then slice thin to eat with your eggs. What do you Eat with your eggs? 444: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 It's cut thin. # Sliced thin. 444: Bacon. Interviewer: Alright, bacon or what did you say? 444: {X} Interviewer: Okay. Uh, what would you call the trimmings that you might slice up, Grind, and season? Uh, then either stuff in a case and a wrap and a loaf to be sold as breakfast food. 444: {X} Interviewer: Alright, who would do that for you? What do we call the man behind the meat counter that 444: Butcher. Interviewer: Uh, if meat has been kept too long, you say the meat has done what? #1 If it's been # 444: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Kept too long. 444: Stale. Spoiled. Interviewer: Uh, after you butcher a hog, what do you make with the meat from its head? 444: Uh. {X} Interviewer: Uh, what do you call the dish prepared by cooking and grinding up hog liver? {NS} 444: I know the man staying next to us, he would take a boar and get some glass, pour it up, and drink it anytime he would kill a hog and cooked it all. {X} Talking about people making pies and pudding out of it. Interviewer: The head uh. Suppose you had kept your butter too long, and it didn't taste good. What would you call the taste or how would you describe its condition? 444: It'd be uh molded or tainted or Interviewer: Alright. Uh, thick, sour milk that you keep on hand is called? 444: Clotted milk. Interviewer: What kind of cheese do you make from uh from it? 444: {NW} Interviewer: What kind of cheese can you buy in box at the store that's made from uh 444: Clotted milk. Cottage cheese. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Um. What do you do to the milk The first thing after milking? 444: Strain it. Interviewer: Um. What is baked in a deep dish made of apples with a crust on top? 444: Apple pie or clotted clouded I don't know clouded pie or something like that Interviewer: {NW} 444: {X} Interviewer: Uh. Somebody has a good appetite and you say, He sure likes to put away his What? 444: Food. Interviewer: Alright, what's another name for food? 444: {X} {X} Interviewer: {NW} What do you call the sweet liquid that you pour over the pudding? What's that liquid called? What's another name for gravy in {X}? That you put on the pudding. Say you had a orange. 444: Orange Interviewer: What about sauce? Have you heard of sauce? 444: Orange or sauce. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} Uh. {NS} If uh say I've morning uh What do you say or breakfast is if you got up and I What breakfast? What what do you do I? How do you get food? 444: I I ate breakfast. Interviewer: Alright, and yesterday at that time, I had already what? 444: Already eaten. Interviewer: And last week I? Blank breakfast everyday. 444: I ate breakfast everyday. Interviewer: Alright, what do people drink for breakfast? 444: Coffee. Milk. #1 Juice. # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # 444: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # How do you make coffee? 444: Uh. Some uh instant coffee just Heat your water and put put the coffee in there and then uh that {X} coffee you have to let it boil and {X} with the grained coffee. Interviewer: What do you drink when you get thirsty? 444: {NW} Water. Interviewer: Alright. You drink it out of what or. Uh. 444: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 At the table. # 444: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What What do you You drink it out of what at the table? 444: Glass. {NS} Interviewer: Um, if I ask you how much did you drink, you say, I a lot of it. 444: I drank {X} of it. Interviewer: Alright, and also we say, We sure blank a lot of water 444: Sure drank a lot of water. Interviewer: Alright. When dinner is at the table, and the family's standing around waiting to begin, what do you say to them? 444: Come on. Dinner's ready. Interviewer: Alright, when you're there and what do you say? When you tell 'em to. 444: Help to plate. Help yourselves. Interviewer: Well, wait. What They're around the table ready To sit down, what do you say? 444: To have a seat. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. If you have company for dinner, what do you say? 444: Tell 'em come on too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh, somebody comes into the dining room. You ask him, Won't you What down 444: Won't you sit down? Interviewer: Alright. So then he What and begin to eat? 444: He uh help his plate {X} Interviewer: Alright, after he uh if you said, Won't you sit down? Then, after that then, so then he What? What do you do what'd you do a while ago when you came in and you 444: Have a seat. Interviewer: Alright, no one else was standing. They had all what? 444: Sat down. Interviewer: Uh. If you want someone not to wait until the potatoes are passed, you say If you have food on the table and and they're not waiting for it to be passed, you say what? 444: Just help your plate. Interviewer: Uh, since he had already What himself? 444: Already gotten it. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 444: #2 Himself. # Interviewer: What other apart for help since he'd already what? 444: He already Interviewer: If you have food on the table and they're not waiting for it to be passed, you say what? 444: Just help your plate. Interviewer: Uh, since he had already What himself? 444: Already gotten it. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 444: #2 Himself. # Interviewer: What other part for help since he'd already what? 444: He already served his Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 444: #2 Served his plate. # Interviewer: Okay. Uh, if you decide not to eat something, you say, I don't 444: I don't want this or need this. Interviewer: Perhaps you had something uh more than you could eat for Sunday dinner, Monday you'd eat it and you would say you were having 444: Leftovers. Interviewer: Uh. You put food in your mouth, and then you begin to 444: Chew it. Interviewer: Um. What uh did you ever take corn meal and boil it with salt water and eat it that way? Maybe? You know what you would call it? It's cornmeal and you you boil it with salt and water and eat it. 444: It'll be uh Some kind of dumplings or Interviewer: Alright, well cornmeal would be what? 444: Be some mush cush or something like Interviewer: Uh, things that like carrots, peas, beets, and stuff, what would you call them what? 444: Vegetables. Interviewer: Uh. Would you have any other name depending on whether you raised them at home or bought them at the market? If they were uh if you had 'em at home, what would you call 'em? 444: They're home home grown Interviewer: {NW} If you bought 'em uh At the market, what would you call it? 444: It's store bought. Interviewer: Uh. A small pot near the house where you might grow vegetables would be what? 444: Garden. Interviewer: What is a what is a particularly Southern that is often served with sausage and eggs made out of ground corn and boiled Served with salt and pepper and butter or gravy? Have you ever seen it uh I've seen some made at uh #1 Ashes. # 444: #2 {X} # Hot potato put it in the ashes. With corn in it. Put some ashes in there under it. Interviewer: Have you seen it made? 444: Right. A lot of times. Mother used to make it all the time. Interviewer: Um. What is the starch made from the inside of a grain raised either in Louisiana, Arkansas, or Texas. What do we have sometimes with chickens and so forth? Besides potatoes. Or wine. 444: Rice. Interviewer: Uh, what are some names for non-tax paid alcoholic beverages? 444: {NW} Moonshine, corn whiskey, and white lightning. I know {X} Interviewer: Uh. When something's cooking, it makes a good impression on your nostrils, your nose, you say, Someone just Blank it. What do we use your nose for? To what? 444: Smelling. Interviewer: Alright, you crush the cane and boil the juice to make what? 444: Molasses. Syrup. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 444: #2 Molasses. # Interviewer: #1 # 444: #2 # Interviewer: Alright, you mentioned both syrup and molasses. What's the difference between them? You know the difference between syrup and molasses? 444: Well, I know molasses is the one that you make on these uh that you take the cane in juice and boil it. Molasses in itself is hardly a little different but it's probably something like that. Corn syrup's tough to make. Interviewer: Alright, uh. Do you think um Syrup is as thick as molasses? 444: {NW} Not exactly. I don't think so. If uh This is not the same thing. Interviewer: {NW} {X} Or can you think of between syrup and molasses or kinds of sweetening Um If uh do you know uh what's do you know of a name of a syrup? Right off hand. Out what syrup would be made out of. Can you think of a tree that 444: {NW} Maple tree. Maple syrup. Interviewer: Um. Alright. This isn't imitation maple syrup. It's It's not imitation. It's what? 444: It's pure. Interviewer: Alright, what's another word for pure? 444: Real. Interviewer: Alright. What else? If you say to somebody this is uh You had a leather watch, you'd say it's what leather? The band. 444: Uh. Real leather or genuine leather. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. When sugar isn't packaged but weighed out of the barrel You say it's so Packed. 444: Bulk. Interviewer: Um. What do you call a sweet spread that you make by boiling Sugar and either the juice of apples, peaches, or strawberries? 444: {NW} Jelly. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. What do you have on the table to season food with? 444: {NW} Salt and pepper. Interviewer: Uh. There's a bowl of fruit, peaches, and apples. Somebody offers you a peach, and you say, No give me 444: An apple. Interviewer: Um. It wasn't these boys. It must have been one of What boy? 444: Them boy. Interviewer: Uh, or suppose you're identifying a certain group. You say, It wasn't these boys. It was 444: Those. Interviewer: Uh. He doesn't live here. Uh, he lives at a great distance. You say he lives 444: Down the road there. Over there. Interviewer: Uh. Don't do it that way. Do it 444: This way. Interviewer: Uh, when somebody speaks to you, and you don't hear what he says. What do you say to make him repeat? 444: I beg your pardon. I didn't hear you. Or what'd you say? Interviewer: Uh, if a man has plenty of money, he doesn't have anything to worry about. But life is hard on a man That's what? 444: Poor. Interviewer: Uh, if you have a lot of peach trees, you have What? 444: Peach orchard. Interviewer: Alright. Um. When I was a boy, my father was poor. But next door was a boy Whose father's what? 444: Rich. Interviewer: Um. When eating a cherry pie, what might one accidentally bite on down on that might break a tooth? 444: Seed. Interviewer: Alright. Um. What's inside a peach? 444: {NW} Seed. Interviewer: Alright, what else might be there? What's it called? 444: {NW} {NS} Interviewer: Um. {NS} What other kind let's see Uh, what is the what you call The kind of peach that uh Where the flesh is uh tighter against the stone? Against the Seed. 444: That'll be a plum peach. Interviewer: Um. The kind of peach you break up and take the seed out of 444: {X} Peach. Interviewer: Uh, what do you call the part of the apple that you throw away? 444: The core. Interviewer: Uh, when you cut up apples or peaches And dry them, you're making What? 444: Um, dried fruit. Interviewer: Uh. Did you ever heard them called {X} Uh. The kind of nuts you pull up out of the ground and roast. What're they called? 444: Peanuts. Interviewer: Are there other names you've heard 'em called? 444: Goobers. Interviewer: Anything else? My grandpa he used to call them ground peas. He used to 444: #1 We'd bring back ground peas and bring us some peanuts. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 444: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Um. What other kinds of nuts do you have or do you know about? 444: Hickory nuts and chestnuts. Don't have many of those now. I used to go out in the woods and pick up all of them. Now I just can't find 'em. All of 'em dead now. Interviewer: Um. What about um The uh Uh. Pecans and what what other kind of nuts? That's well known that you can think of? 444: English walnuts and walnuts. Interviewer: Alright. What uh The hard part of the walnut What do we call that? 444: Shell. Interviewer: Alright, when a walnut falls off a tree, it has a soft cover around it You know what it's called? You can wait until it dries and break it off and it stains your hands and clothes and {X} 444: It could be a {NW} Peeling or the shell or something. Interviewer: Alright, another kind of nuts that grows down South long and flat-shaped Something like your eye with a thin {X} Shell. What do you call that? 444: {NW} Brazil nut. Interviewer: Well, it's very thin shell. 444: Uh. {X} Uh, well pecan. Interviewer: Uh. The a kind of fruit about as big as an apple but with a thick skin like a lemon What what is that? 444: A grapefruit or orange or. Interviewer: Alright, there's a bowl of oranges standing somewhere, and one day you go To get one and there aren't any left. You say, "The oranges are 444: All gone. Interviewer: Um. The small, red-covered root vegetables Or vegetable you eat raw. A small red-covered root vegetable. They're hot. 444: Radishes. Interviewer: Um. The kind of red vegetable that you grow on a bush. You slice them and eat them on lettuce. You make ketchup out of 'em. 444: Tomatoes. Interviewer: Uh. Have you had 'em Uh. What do you call the little bitty ones? You know what A common Lot of people {X} Call them 444: Is it {D: telatoes} Or something like that? Interviewer: Uh. Along with your meat, you might have a baked 444: Potato. Interviewer: Alright, what kind of potatoes are there? Do you know of 'em? 444: Mashed potatoes. Baked potatoes. Sweet potatoes. Interviewer: Uh, the kind of potatoes with yellow meat, What are they? 444: Real sweet potatoes. #1 {D: Young potato.} # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # A what? 444: {X} Potato. Interviewer: Alright. Uh. Something with a strong odor that makes tears come to your eyes and grows in the garden. 444: Onion. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. 444: We used to go down in the garden and pick 'em up and eat onions with cornbread Eat onions and cornbread. Interviewer: Uh. What do you call those uh The young onions that come in first. At first when you plant 'em back in fall and then 444: Nest onions. {X} Interviewer: Alright, and you ever heard of 'em called {X} Uh. What are some of the vegetables you would use for a good soup? What what kind of vegetables you got there? Soup. 444: I like peas and okra and corn, me. Interviewer: Alright. 444: Carrots. Interviewer: Uh. Do you know what what would you call that Or what might you call that besides the soup? Or vegetable soup. 444: Hmm. Oh, gumbo. Interviewer: #1 Alright. # 444: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NS} If you leave an apple or a plum around, it will dry up and what? 444: #1 Rot. # Interviewer: #2 What do you # 444: Dry up and Interviewer: {X} 444: #1 Shrivel up. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 444: It'll shrivel up. Interviewer: Alright, what are some leafy vegetables that come in heads? 444: Cabbage and Interviewer: Alright, I like If I say, "I like these What? If it's more than one, what would you say? I like these what? 444: #1 Uh, cabbages. # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Alright and speaking about the size, you'd say these 444: These are large ones or Interviewer: {NW} Uh, what different kinds of beans do you have? Or do you know about? 444: Butter beans, {X} Beans, string beans, lima beans. {X} Interviewer: Alright. If you don't uh eat the pods and all, you have to what? {X} Uh, the kind of large, flat beans that you don't eat in the pod What do you call those? The large, flat beans that you don't eat in a pod. 444: It'll be uh Oh the butter beans. Yeah, butter bean. Interviewer: Butter beans are what kind? What'd you say? 444: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Butter beans. # Okay. The kind of beans you eat pod and all. That'll be the green bean, string bean. Uh, you take the tops of turnips and cook them and make a mess of 444: Turnip greens. Interviewer: Uh. What type of greens do you use? Or if you had some green stuff that you put in salads. And you had two bunches of Uh, what would you call? 444: It'll be uh lettuce. Interviewer: Alright, what do you call lettuce what? 444: Head. Interviewer: {NW} Uh, you have two boys and three girls. You have 444: Five children. Interviewer: Uh. Did you ever speak of them uh as so many heads? 444: Five heads. Interviewer: Alright. 444: #1 Five mouths. # Interviewer: #2 And you'd say I got what? # 444: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 444: Got five mouths to feed. Interviewer: Uh. If uh he had seven boys and seven girls, you might say he had a What of children? 444: A whole house full of 'em. And uh equal amount. Interviewer: Alright, can you think of another word you might use? {NW} You can't you can't think of another word that you Use for a lot of children. Have you ever heard of the word {X} 444: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} When you pick corn, the green covering you take off the ears is the what? 444: The shuck. Interviewer: Uh. The kind of corn that is tender enough to eat off the cob is What would you call it? You go get a corn and 444: {X} Interviewer: Oh. Can you think of any other names you might call it? 444: {NW} {D: I just hope it call it nothing} Interviewer: {NW} Anything else? Um. The thing that grows at the top of corn stalk. What you call that? 444: {D: Uh, tops.} Interviewer: The stringy stuff that comes out of the end of the corn shucks and makes you have to brush off the ear when you take the shuck off. What's that called? 444: Silk. Corn silk. Interviewer: Uh, what do you make a jack-o-lantern out of? 444: A pumpkin. Interviewer: The kind of small, yellow crook crook-necked vegetable. What do you call that? 444: Squash. Interviewer: What kinds of melons do you raise? Or do you like? 444: Uh, mainly watermelons and you ever heard of a pie melon? Interviewer: {D: No, never in my life.} 444: That's the kind that I don't reckon you can't eat 'em but it look just like a watermelon, but you can't burst 'em. You can pull 'em and we used to play ball with 'em. And then I think mother used to make some kind of preserve out of 'em. It's called a pie melon. Interviewer: {D: You grow bread in 'em?} 444: Uh-huh. Interviewer: {NW} 444: #1 It's some kind of soil-richening this is I guess what it is. They about did away with it, but I know we used to have it. # Interviewer: #2 It seems to me I don't know # And your mother make uh 444: #1 Uh, preserve. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 Jelly out of 'em? Preserves? # 444: {NW} There may be a different name for it. We called it pie melon. Interviewer: Uh. The kind of melon uh with the yellow meat. What do you call that? 444: A yellow-meated watermelon. Interviewer: Well, can you think of another fruit? {NW} That you'd uh Raise. We have around here now. 444: Uh. Mushmelon. Cantaloupe. Interviewer: Uh. Small, umbrella-shaped things that grow in damp cellars in the shade out in the woods. 444: Uh, mushrooms. Interviewer: Uh. Alright, I think you uh Mention, you did mention these before when we were talking about melons. They are large and green and people sometimes Uh, pickle the rind. What are the kinds that you know of? I think you mentioned it a while ago. 444: I believe that's what I was talking about. That pie melon or whatever we'd call it. I don't know what the name of it. Interviewer: Alright. Now, what's a common name that we have around here for those big With the green rind Round it. They're large and green. You got that some of them have red meat, and some of them have yellow meat. 444: Watermelon. Interviewer: Uh. Anything that uh looks kind of like a Mushroom only it's not good to eat What do we call? Or what would you call it? They look like mushrooms, but we don't eat them. They're not good to eat. Found out in the woods and 444: It'll be uh toad uh like toadstools or Interviewer: {NW} 444: Frog stools something or Interviewer: If a man has a sore throat so the inside of his throat is all swollen, You say, "You couldn't eat that piece of meat because you couldn't 444: Swallow it. Interviewer: Alright, he could chew it, but he couldn't 444: Swallow it. Interviewer: {NW} Uh. Some people smoke pipes. Others smoke 444: Cigarettes. Cigars. Interviewer: Uh, there were a lot of people at the party having a good time, and they were standing around the piano. Doing what do you think? 444: Singing. Interviewer: And if a funny story had been uh Told they're all they'd all be what? 444: Laughing. Interviewer: Uh. Somebody offers to do you a favor. You say, I appreciate it, but I don't want to be If someone does you a favor, 444: #1 You don't wanna be uh no bother don't want to trouble you. Cause you that much trouble. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Somebody ask about you doing a certain job, and you'd say, Sure, I Blank it. 444: I'd do it. Be glad to do it. Interviewer: If you're not able to do something, you say, I'd like to, but I 444: I can't. I ain't able. Interviewer: Somebody ask you about sundown to do some work, and you say, I got up to work before sun up, and I all I'm going to do today. 444: Um. Uh, did all I'm going to do {D: today.} Interviewer: What uh what do we do in the daytime? Call it. 444: I been working all day. Interviewer: Uh. If you were talking about the fact that so many of your old friends are still alive, you might say, I spent all week looking for my high school classmates, and it seems they're 444: They're all gone or Interviewer: What do we call that. They're what? 444: They're all uh All left or all Interviewer: If they're not still alive, what do we say? 444: They're all dead. Interviewer: He should be in a Such a situation uh. You would say uh Uh. {X} Uh, what's another way that you say instead of ought to be careful? Is what? 444: Should be more careful. Interviewer: Alright, I'll I dare you to go through the graveyard at night, but I'll bet you What? 444: {D: Can't} Interviewer: If you dare someone to go through the graveyard at night and say, But I bet you 444: Scared to. Interviewer: Uh. You aren't doing what you Blank to do. 444: Told to do. Supposed to do. Interviewer: Uh, a boy got a whipping, you said You say, "I bet did something he 444: Didn't have no business. Interviewer: Or what else? 444: He Shouldn't have did Interviewer: I'm refusing uh in a very strong way, you say, No matter how many times you ask me to do that, I 444: Ain't gonna do it. Interviewer: Uh. Can you think of another word you'd use instead of ain't? 444: Not. Interviewer: And what else? 444: I won't. Interviewer: When you get something done that was hard work all by yourself and your family was standing around without helping, you say, You If you want somebody to help you and don't stand around, then you'd say, You 444: You could've helped or Interviewer: Suggesting the possibility of being able to do something, you say, I'm not sure, but I Blank do it. 444: I'll try to. Interviewer: Or you what? 444: I might. Interviewer: Uh. The kind of bird that can see in the dark. 444: A bat. Interviewer: What else? 444: A owl. Interviewer: What kind of owl? 444: Hoot owl. Screech owl. Interviewer: Um. The bigger kind with the deeper voice. Is called what? It's larger than the others. {X} 444: It'll be the hoot owl. Interviewer: Uh. The kind of bird that drills holes in trees. 444: A woodpecker. Interviewer: Uh. The kind of black and white animal with a powerful smell. 444: Polecat. Skunk. Interviewer: What kinds of animals come and uh raid hen roosts. What do we call 'em? 444: {NW} Possums or Interviewer: What would we call a possum? If they gonna come and raid the uh hen houses. 444: {X} Interviewer: Uh. The little bushy-tailed animals that run up and down trees. What kind uh what are they called? 444: Squirrel. Interviewer: Uh. Do you know any other names for some that you might have around? 444: {NW} Gray squirrel or Fox squirrel or cat squirrel. Interviewer: How do these different squirrels compare in size? 444: Well for we call a fox squirrel, it's larger than the gray squirrel. The gray squirrel is small and Interviewer: Uh. Anything sort of uh like a squirrel that doesn't climb trees? What do you call that? 444: A rabbit. Interviewer: Now, it's it's sort of like a squirrel But it doesn't climb trees. It still it looks like a squirrel. It sort of looks like a squirrel. 444: {NW} A chipmunk. Interviewer: Uh, could you tell me what it looks like? Where it lives? 444: It stays in the ground and got little stripes down its back. Small small real small. Interviewer: Uh, do you have any around where you live? 444: Right, I uh saw them run across the road. We used to catch 'em, but. Interviewer: What kinds of seafood do you commonly get? 444: Uh, fish. Interviewer: What kind? 444: Uh, trouts. Catfish and brim around here. Interviewer: {NW} That'd be uh What we call what kind of fish? Compared to salt water. 444: Fresh water fish. Interviewer: Um. What is it that you aren't supposed to eat if the name of the Uh, month doesn't have an R in it? 444: Rabbit. Interviewer: No, this is still about seafood. Or what do pearls grow in? What do we say pearls grow in? 444: Uh. In oysters. Interviewer: Uh. These things you'll hear making noise around a pond at night, what are they called? 444: Frogs. Interviewer: Alright, what do you call the big ones? 444: Bullfrogs. Interviewer: Alright, you know any other names? What kind of sound do they make? 444: {NW} Kind of a Interviewer: Can you think of what they How they sound? How would you say if you If your child asked you how a frog frog sound What would you say? 444: {NW} Interviewer: Uh. What other. Let's see Talking about frogs um. The uh. Kind of frog that never grows to uh To much more than an inch in size. You know what that They're very they're small. 444: Uh. Spring frog or tree frogs Interviewer: Uh. The kind that hop around in your garden and eat insects and are sometimes blamed for warts. 444: Toad frog. Interviewer: What might you put on your hook when you go fishing? 444: A worm. Interviewer: Uh. Where where did the worm come from? What would you call it? 444: An earthworm. Interviewer: Um. Um. The hard-shelled thing that pulls in its neck and legs into its shell when you uh touch it. What do you call that? 444: A terrapin. Interviewer: Alright, what are another word? What's one around the water? 444: A turtle. Interviewer: Alright, you know any kinds of Turtles? 444: Mm, I know a loggerhead turtle. Snapping turtle. Interviewer: Uh. 444: Turtle can't get his legs and things up in the shell. Interviewer: Uh. Would uh What kind can get its legs back in its shell 444: A terrapin. It close itself up. A turtle can't. Interviewer: Alright, something like a turtle, only it lives on dry land. 444: Uh. They call 'em. I don't think we got any around here, but down in in Georgia, I think they call them a gopher. Interviewer: Uh. What what would we call them uh What would you Or nearly call them. 444: {NW} Interviewer: #1 I think you said it a while ago. # 444: #2 A terrapin. Uh. # Interviewer: Uh, a kind of thing that you find in fresh water streams He's got claws, and you turn over on its back, it often swims way backward. 444: Crawfish. Interviewer: Uh. Those what do you call small flat-tailed uh fan-tailed sea animals with a thin, almost transparent shells. They're caught by dragging nets on the bottom of the bay. Go for ocean. {X} Uh. 444: {D: Bill} shrimp Interviewer: Uh, the insect that flies around a light and tries to fly into it. Uh, when you grab it and powder comes off on your hands. What do you call it? 444: {X} Interviewer: Alright, can you think of another name? 444: Uh. Moth or um. Malt moth Interviewer: #1 Alright, the things that uh # 444: #2 {D: Mole} # Interviewer: Get in your wool clothes and eat them up if you aren't careful. 444: It'll be some uh Malt moths. Interviewer: The things that fly around at night and flash their lights on and off. 444: We call 'em lightning bugs. Interviewer: Alright, what would be another name for 'em? 444: {NW} Some kind of I don't know {X} Flies. {X} Interviewer: Alright, now do you what kind do you call it uh Uh, I know I've done it before. Tied the string around their legs. What would you call them? 444: We call 'em june bugs. We used take 'em. We did this when I was down When you go to a dance and have to put your hand on the light and it show up You get one of those lightning bugs and catch it and mash it on your hand and put it under that light that you don't wanna be going into a dance, and they see if your hand is stamped. You put that under the light, it'll show up just like they stamped it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 444: #1 We used to # Interviewer: #2 Never heard of that. # Uh. What do you call a long, thin-bodied insect with a hard little beak and Two pairs of uh shiny wings. It hovers around damp place and eats its own weight in mosquitoes and so forth. Uh, I I've seen some um What we call uh Go to a spring and see um buzzing around flying around on top of the water What would you call those? 444: Uh, we would call them snake doctors.