Interviewer: {NS} Say, if you were riding a {D:mule} you might hit him a little bit and tell him to? 456: Well I know a word that ain't, I used to hear when I was little was giddap Interviewer: Mm-kay 456: I've seen, I've seen that a lot too Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Giddy-up, giddy-up, giddap Interviewer: Mm-kay And to stop him you tell him? 456: Whoa Interviewer: And to back him up? 456: {NW} Interviewer: And um, say a few words. How would you call chickens? Say, when you're feeding them and you're throwing out the 456: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 feed # 456: Here chick, here chick Interviewer: Okay And um, If you wanted to get your horses ready to go somewhere, you'd say I'd have to? 456: Hitch him up. Interviewer: Okay Or, before you, you can hitch him, you have to? Put the, the gear on and everything you'd say you have to? 456: I would consider that as part of hitching him up. Interviewer: okay Did you ever hear a {X} 456: Harness. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Harness a horse Interviewer: And um, 456: Or a mule Interviewer: When you're, when you're plowing or, or driving a horse that, whatcha hold in your hand to guide him with? 456: {NW} The reins Interviewer: Okay And uh, when you're riding on horseback 456: {X} Interviewer: What do you hold in your hands? 456: Well, that would be reins too, wouldn't it? Interviewer: Mm-kay And um, what your feet are in is the? 456: um Interviewer: When you have the saddle on the horse your feet are in the Do you know what I mean? 456: No Interviewer: When, when you're riding on, on a horse um and you've, you've got your saddles, you keep your feet in the 456: Oh, in the stirrups Interviewer: #1 mm-kay # 456: #2 Oh # I, I didn't understand what you were saying, I'm sorry. Interviewer: Um, and if you raised the say, say when you're plowing them the trenches that that's cut by the plow You call those the 456: Burrows. Interviewer: And have you ever heard of um, when you're plowing with two horses the one that walks in the front having a special name 456: mm-mm Interviewer: And um, say if you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land you'd say you #1 did what to them? # 456: #2 Cleared them # Interviewer: mm-kay 456: #1 cleared the land # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Say when you, Well you haven't planted a crop but it comes up on its own, do you call that a 456: Oh, volunteer Interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say wheat is tied up into a 456: Heap? Interviewer: mm-kay and then those are tied up into a {NS} or say if you were talking about how much, huh? 456: Would it be a stack? Interviewer: okay and um 456: haystack Interviewer: Say, if you were talking about how much wheat you raised you might say we raised forty what of wheat to an acre? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: Or if you were talking about a bushel you'd say we raised forty 456: bushels Interviewer: mm-kay and um 456: Well, I don't know anything about measuring wheat Interviewer: mm-hmm 456: because we don't have any anywhere in here {NS} but I've never been around it Interviewer: Mm-hmm {X} Most of what you know about it comes from reading about it, or? 456: yeah well no, we know um, cuz we'd say bushels, pecks of corn and that sort of thing but I just, I never did know how wheat was measured never thought about it Interviewer: I was just interested there, whether some people would say bushel you know forty bushel, and some would say forty bushels. {X} 456: Well if it's more than one I'd put an S on it. Interviewer: okay and um, you'd say, if you were talking about distance, um, you'd say, "well I don't know exactly how far it is, but it's just a little"? 456: A little way, a little distance. Interviewer: And um, say if you'd been traveling and you hadn't finished your journey you might say "we still have a"? what to go? 456: Still have a little way to go. Interviewer: okay, or if its a a fairly good distance you'd say we'd 456: #1 Have # Interviewer: #2 Still? # 456: a long way to go Interviewer: And um, say something was very common and you didn't have to look for it in any special place you'd say, "Oh you can find that just about 456: Anywhere Interviewer: And if someone slipped and fell this way you'd say he fell over 456: backwards Interviewer: And this way would be? 456: Forwards Interviewer: And um, Say, if you have been fishing and I ask you if you caught any fish you might say no, what a what, no? 456: What a waste? Interviewer: Good Did you ever hear, um, hear people say, um, "no, nary a one"? 456: Well, not very nary Interviewer: #1 Who said that? # 456: #2 Well, you don't hear it as # I I don't hear it as a general thing. Interviewer: uh huh 456: Somebody says it sometimes just joking, you know? Interviewer: uh huh 456: I don't have nary a one, just in fun. I've never heard anybody use it seriously. Interviewer: No one around you uses? 456: {X} Interviewer: What would you probably say? Not a one, or? 456: mm, yeah Not a one, or not any. Interviewer: And um, what do you have to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of it? 456: {NW} Interviewer: And um, say if someone, If you knocked at someone's door and, and they called out and asked who's there, and you know that they could recognize your voice you might answer it's? 456: {NW} Well, uh, just {NS} name Interviewer: Would you, would you ever say it's me or it's I? 456: It is I. Interviewer: And um, Tell me about how, how tall you are, you'd say, he's not as tall as? 456: As I. Interviewer: Or, I'm not as tall as? 456: No that's not right Interviewer: huh? 456: oh I'm not as tall as he? Interviewer: okay And you'd say he knew that better. #1 than, than # 456: #2 than I # Interviewer: And um, You'd say if something belongs to me, then you'd say it's? 456: This is mine. Interviewer: And um, if it belongs to both of us you'd say it's? 456: Ours. Interviewer: And if it belongs to them? 456: Theirs. Interviewer: And to him? 456: His. Interviewer: And to her? 456: Hers. Interviewer: And to you? 456: Mine. Interviewer: Or,to me? you'd say it's? 456: It belongs to me. Interviewer: Okay, um Say if, uh, If you were addressing a whole group of people, what would you say? Would you use you, talking to a whole group? Or would you say you all or 456: #1 No I'd say # Interviewer: #2 y'all? # 456: you. Interviewer: Talking to 456: to a group I'd say you. Interviewer: Okay, you'd, Are you familiar with that y'all or you all, or 456: Oh, we don't {NS} We don't say that nearly as much as people give us credit for it Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 456: #2 cuz there are # times when you all is the thing you want say. {NS} Interviewer: When, when is that? 456: Or, we'd say all of you Interviewer: uh huh 456: Rather than you all. {NS} Interviewer: You don't ever say you all? 456: Well not as a general thing Interviewer: mm-kay And um, Say that there was, had been a party that you hadn't been able to go to and you were asking about the people that had gone You might ask who all {NS} 456: as who was there? Interviewer: okay Do you ever say who all was there? 456: No. I don't say, I don't say you all and who all unless there's some reason for it or unless you're doing it jokingly or something like that and I don't think most of the Southerners do. Interviewer: What about, 456: #1 We get credit # Interviewer: #2 Say, # 456: credit for it a lot more than we do it Interviewer: yeah. But if you were asking about all of a speakers remarks, you know, everything that he said, would you ever say What all did he say? 456: I don't know. I don't think I would. Interviewer: Okay. 456: I'd just ask "What did he say?" Interviewer: Okay And um, you'd say no one else will look out for them, they've gotta look out for? 456: For themselves. Interviewer: And if no one else will do it for him you'd say he better do it? 456: Himself. Interviewer: Huh? 456: He better do it himself. Interviewer: And um, what's made of flour and baked in loaves? 456: Bread? Interviewer: Mm-kay, what, uh, what different kinds of bread? 456: {NW} Oh well, that's, too many to mention There's all kinds of bread. Interviewer: What can you put in bread to make it rise? 456: Yeast. Interviewer: Do you have any special name for bread that has yeast in it? 456: Well baking powder too. Interviewer: uh huh 456: Light bread, rolls. Interviewer: What about out of corn meal? 456: Well, you can make a lot of different kinds of bread out of cornmeal. Muffins, Interviewer: #1 ho- # 456: #2 {NW} # cake, um, uh, muffin bread, all in one, you know {NS} Or patties, corn patties, or Interviewer: uh-huh 456: Or pones. And then you can mix it with flour Interviewer: uh-huh 456: make different kinds of breads. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a corn dodger? 456: Yes. Interviewer: #1 Hush puppies. # 456: #2 {NW} # About the same thing. Corn dodger and hush puppies about the same thing I think. Interviewer: Is there any? 456: It's dropped into, fried in deep fat. Interviewer: {NW} 456: I think dodgers Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 456: #2 is that # I've never used the word dodgers. Interviewer: Um, Say, say that there's two kinds of bread, there's some homemade bread and then there's 456: Bakery bread. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, What's something that's fried in deep fat and has a hole in the center? 456: Donuts Interviewer: Are there different names for different kinds of donuts, or? {NS} 456: Well, some of them are plain and some of them are fancy. Interviewer: mm-hmm 456: Different flavors, and some of them have fruit in them and Interviewer: mm-hmm. 456: Just variety Interviewer: And um, something that you can make up a batter of and fry three or four for breakfast 456: Pancakes. Interviewer: Any other name for them? 456: I guess uh, frit- no Well the smaller ones you might call them fritters. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Um, griddle cakes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, tell me about how much, much flour might be in a sack, you might say a sack might contain five or ten 456: Pounds Interviewer: And um, The inside part of the egg is called the? 456: Yolk. Interviewer: And the color? 456: Yellow. Interviewer: And if you cook them in hot water you call them? 456: Boiled. Interviewer: Boiled? what? 456: Just boiled eggs. Interviewer: What if, um, if you crack them and let them fall out of the shells into hot water? 456: Well, some people poach them that way. I don't. Interviewer: And um, what kind of, we're talking about pork now, what kind of, um, what would you call the fat salt pork that you might use for for boiling with greens? 456: Well, you can call it white meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Or side meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Or white pork. Interviewer: Side meat is, is fat? 456: I think so. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, when you cut the, the side of a hog, what do you call that? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever, um, hear the expression, um side of bacon or #1 middle of bacon? # 456: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: {NS} Which would, would you call that a side or a middling? 456: Well it depend on what you wants. Interviewer: What's the difference? 456: I don't know. I don't know anything about middling. I've heard side a lot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: Sometimes my husband will buy a side of bacon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the kind of um, meat that's already sliced to, to cook with them, in bags? 456: Cured bacon. Interviewer: Okay. And um,the outside of the bacon is called the? 456: The rind. {NS} Interviewer: And um, Say if you, if you took the trimmings and sliced them up and ground them you'd make? Maybe stuff in the casing, you'd? 456: Oh, it'd make sausages. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: what you're talking about? Interviewer: And um, the person that sells meat is called the? 456: Well, um, um, butcher. Interviewer: Okay. And if meats been kept too long you'd say the meat is? 456: Spoiled. Interviewer: And um, after you butcher a hog, is there anything you can make with the meat from its head? {NS} 456: Oh, sauce is one word for it, and hogs head cheese is another word Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What, what was it called when you were growing up? #1 {X} # 456: #2 Hogshead # cheese I believe. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever hear of anyone making anything out of liver? Maybe like cooking and grinding it up? 456: Um, liver, um pâté or something like that. {NS} I don't know, I don't haven't had any experience with it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um, did you ever hear of anything that had the blood? 456: Yes, I heard of blood pudding #1 from # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 456: one family {NS} used to live close to us. but, I don't know anything about it {X} Interviewer: What, um, what was that, blood pudding, you , you serve that for one, one family? 456: There was French family that lived across the street from us that used to make blood pudding. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: But I don't know a thing about what it was like, or anything about it except that they did make it and they were crazy about it. Interviewer: Hmm. But they were, they were French? 456: {NS} Interviewer: Um, did you ever hear of anything called scrapple or pon haus or cripple? 456: {NS} Interviewer: Say if you had butter and that was kept too long you'd say that it was? 456: Rancid. Interviewer: And um, the thick sour milk that you'd keep is? 456: clabber, or Interviewer: okay 456: If you churn it, make buttermilk {X} Interviewer: Is there anything you could make with clabber? 456: #1 Cottage # Interviewer: #2 Besides? # 456: Cheese. Interviewer: Huh? 456: Cottage Interviewer: #1 okay. # 456: #2 Cheese # Interviewer: And the first thing you do after milking is you have to? 456: Strain it. Interviewer: Okay. And um, something sort of like a fruit pie only has several layers of fruit and pastry in it? 456: Cobbler? Interviewer: Okay. And um, What might you call milk or cream that you can mix with sugar and nutmeg and you pour over pie? 456: {NS} Milk? Interviewer: But, I was wondering if you'd call it a sauce or a dip or a 456: Well Interviewer: dressing, or? 456: {NS} I suppose it'd be, {NS} depend on how you did it. {NS} Course you could make sauces out of the, those things. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, say food taken between regular meals, you'd call that a 456: Well snacks, or. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And um, you'd say this morning, I what breakfast at seven oh clock? 456: Ate. Interviewer: And yesterday at that time I had already? 456: Eaten. Interviewer: And tomorrow I will? 456: Will eat. Interviewer: And um, say if you were real thirsty you might go to the sink and pour yourself a? 456: Glass of water. Interviewer: And you'd "say the glass fell off the sink and"? 456: Broke. Interviewer: And so you'd say "somebody has"? 456: Broken. Interviewer: Okay. And, I didn't mean to 456: Didn't mean to break it. Interviewer: And um, if you were real thirsty you might say I what a lot of water? 456: Drank. Interviewer: And um, you might ask me, how much have you? 456: How much, how much did you drink? Interviewer: Or how much water have you? 456: Have you drunk. Interviewer: And um, say dinner was on the table and the family was standing around the table, you'd tell them to go ahead and 456: No, go ahead and eat. Interviewer: Well if they're standing up you'd tell them to? 456: Well, have a seat Interviewer: Okay. And um, say, say somebody walks into the dining room you'd ask them, won't you, what down? 456: Won't you sit down. Interviewer: And so you'd say, so then he? 456: Then he sat down. Interviewer: And, nobody else was standing because they had all? 456: Sat down. Interviewer: And um, say if you want someone not to wait until the potatoes are passed over to them you'd tell them just go ahead and? 456: Just go ahead and eat. Interviewer: Or, to, talking about, you're offering them something, you'd tell them to just go ahead and? 456: Have this Interviewer: Okay. Um, did you ever say take some, or take out, or help yourself? 456: Well, you could say all of those things. Interviewer: What would you probably say? 456: Well, I don't know. I'd just probably say "have some." Interviewer: Okay. And um, if someone offered you some food you didn't want you'd say? 456: Thanks, I don't care for it, or Interviewer: okay. And if foods been cooked in {NS} Say if foods been cooked and served a second time you'd say that it's been? 456: Warmed over. Interviewer: And um, say you put food in your mouth and then you begin to? 456: Chew. Interviewer: And um, Something that is made up of ground up corn and you might have it for breakfast? 456: Grits. Interviewer: okay. What about something made out of corn by leeching the outside husk off? Maybe with lime water? 456: Oh, lyed hominy Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, did, when you were little, did, did y'all call that, um did you, the grits, did you ever call that hominy, or? 456: No, we never did. We always said grits, but I have heard people call it hominy. Interviewer: Uh-huh, I mean the finely grounded #1 {X} # 456: #2 Uh-huh. # Yes. Interviewer: And 456: Or I've heard them say hominy grits. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 456: #2 They'd # Use both words Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um, something that's um, it's made from the inside of a grain, it's white and people in China and Japan eat it a lot? 456: Rice? Interviewer: Okay. And um, do you have any names for um, whiskey that people would make themselves, or? #1 {X} # 456: #2 Moonshine. # Interviewer: Huh? 456: Moonshine. Interviewer: Okay, any other names for that? #1 Did you? # 456: #2 Oh. # Outlawed, uh, whiskey. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about beer? 456: Well, yes. Interviewer: Any names for beer you make at home? And um, say if something was cooking and made a good impression on your nostrils you'd tell someone just? 456: Smell that. Interviewer: Okay. And um, you mentioned syrup. What about something similar to syrup only maybe a little thicker? 456: Um, I don't know, sorghum? Interviewer: Mm-kay, um, did you ever call it molasses? 456: Molasses? Interviewer: What's the difference in your mind between syrup and molasses? 456: Well, molasses is, {NS} We've never had much experience with it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you, um, ever hear the terms long sweetening and short sweetening? 456: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # And, you say, um, so this isn't imitation people syrup, this is?