Interviewer: So first of all I want to get just some General sort of information Um Your name 456: {B} Interviewer: How do you spell your 456: S-W-A-T-T-S Interviewer: And your address 456: {B} Interviewer: And the county 456: Gulf County Interviewer: And state 456: Florida Now Gulf County was um {NW} Was established in um Nearly fifty years ago we're celebrating the Uh In two years from now we are celebrating the Founding of Gulf County Interviewer: Hmm 456: So when um uh St Joe was born It was Calhoun County Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um Where were you born? 456: #1 I was born here # Interviewer: #2 Just right # 456: The first girl Interviewer: First First newborn in Port St Joe 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Your age? 456: I was born in nineteen nine That was a year before the uh Railroad came Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: I believe it was in nineteen ten that the railroad came Interviewer: So that makes you sixty-four? 456: Mm-hmm Not quite But soon {NW} Interviewer: And Your occupation 456: Housewife Interviewer: Or the the work that 456: I did teach music Interviewer: Mm-hmm Was that In a school or 456: No just private lessons Interviewer: What the piano or 456: Piano Interviewer: Organ 456: And I helped with organ some but I didn't really teach it Interviewer: Mm-hmm And religion 456: Methodist United Methodist Church Interviewer: And um Tell me about the Your education um The schools you went to and If if you remember the names of the schools and 456: Well I only attended the schools in Port St Joe Um besides Florida State College for Women Interviewer: Mm-hmm What what was the first school you went to? Do you remember the name of it? 456: It was just Port St Joe School It was an elementary school to begin with Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did it have a high school here in #1 Port St Joe # 456: #2 Not in the beginning # It was uh #1 Several years later before we had a high school # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Did you Go to the high school or 456: Yes I attended the elementary school and the high school Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 Was that just Port St Joe High School # 456: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 Or was it Gulf County # 456: #2 Just Port St Joe # Interviewer: Okay {NS} Oh Then you went to Florida State College for Women? 456: That's right {NS} Interviewer: How long did you go there? 456: Two years {NS} Interviewer: And um I'd Sort of like to get an idea of um I guess you'd say your social contacts you know the How Uh How active you are in um Various organizations or You know if you've done like traveling or 456: Well I've always been active In church And school the women's work the church as well as the {X} And in school P-T-A I was on the state board P-T-A for ten years Interviewer: Hmm 456: And uh helping in the women's work in our church In the district and in the conference oh Oh many many years I don't know I don't know how long Interviewer: Mm-hmm What conference is this? 456: Alabama West Florida Conference Interviewer: Hmm 456: There are two districts in Florida that are in the Alabama Conference Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 And # We now call it Alabama West Florida Interviewer: Hmm This Women's Work that 456: It uh our The name of has changed so many times through the years it is now United Methodist Women Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But For Several years it was Women's Society of Christian Service before that it was Woman's Society of Christian Service and then back there before that it was Woman's Missionary Society and even Beyond that it was uh Oh just a little local group you know #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: I think it was local And then it was called um Oh I forgot it I was never a member of that though But uh The women did quite a lot they were real active in the church Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: From the beginning Interviewer: Anything else that you're involved in Any 456: Well I've been um Worked quite a lot in Eastern Star Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And we do not now have a woman's club but I was active in that While we had it I've been Uh real fortunate in Had the Having the privilege of attending um A number of meetings In my conference work you know judge work and have just returned from Cincinnati Monday Interviewer: Hmm 456: For uh After attending the assembly Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: In Cincinnati This is uh It involves about ten thousand women And #1 We're the evangelicals # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Um Have you ever been active in Any political organizations around here Do they have those 456: No I have not Interviewer: I was just wondering if league of women voters or anything 456: #1 No we we don't really have that # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 456: #1 Here # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # How much traveling have you done? 456: Well Not a whole lot with I attended the World Fair in Chicago A good many years ago Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And um I've made Quite a few trips In connection with my church work My husband and I have made trips here and there Interviewer: Mm-hmm What what are some of the places you've been to 456: Well when oh uh our personal trips have been around the southern states Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Alabama North Carolina Arkansas and Oh Tennessee and just Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Mostly the southern states But In my church work I have been to #1 Houston not to Houston but to Dallas, Texas # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: A couple of times and to Uh Church camp Junaluska in North Carolina I was supposed to go to Nashville I was invited to serve as a counselor Vocation Weekend Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Uh Some time ago and I was not able to go because of being ill Interviewer: #1 Was this a # 456: #2 And I missed some other trips because of that # Interviewer: #1 The church or # 456: #2 This was a woman's society # #1 The women's work # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: Sort of difficult to talk about the women's work what Because the name has changed the organization has changed two or three times Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Uh in the last few years And we Are now completely reorganized Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh this is the really the first year Of the new organization I am the first district president of the new organization Interviewer: Congratulations Uh I was Just Just wondering if um You know and I asked about the politics if Uh I've been reading in the newspaper about the Equal Rights Amendment 456: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 In Florida # So I was wondering if 456: Well we haven't been too busy uh about that Here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: I think we I think most of us agree that uh There are certain rights that women should Have Maybe that We do not have but For the most part I think we're pretty happy as we are Interviewer: You don't Don't think there's much um Organization around 456: No there isn't Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Not so far as I know I've not been drawn into it Interviewer: Um And tell me some about your Your parents um Where was your mother born and 456: My mother was the daughter of a Baptist preacher and she was born in Georgia Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Um And uh Most of her folks Were in Georgia Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: My father Was a Floridian Oh course his folks His folks came from everywhere Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But uh he was the first settler in Port St. Joe And um he uh Lived in Iola Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: #1 And uh around this area and the Wewahitchka area until we moved to Port St Joe # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Do you know where he was born? 456: I think he was born in Iola Or he wasn't born in Iola but it was close It was close by there a Place they call Stone's Mill Interviewer: #1 I've seen that on a map uh-huh # 456: #2 Stone's Mill # Interviewer: #1 Your father was a Stone # 456: #2 My father was a Stone # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: {B} Interviewer: Hmm That um Is that in I What's now Gulf County 456: Yes it's in now it's in Gulf County now But so many of their folks were Around Blountstown Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Just about everybody in Blountstown's came to be I think Interviewer: {NW} 456: And uh there's a family burial place uh just down in Blountstown that's called um Chipola Interviewer: Hmm 456: And so there were a lot of our family In that area Interviewer: Do you know um Where your family came from before they came over to #1 To Florida # 456: #2 They came from England and # Uh some of them settled in Maryland and South Carolina And Uh we uh just this summer have started working on our genealogy and we still have a lot to learn Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But Interviewer: #1 Do you think you're mm-hmm # 456: #2 It's been most interesting # Interviewer: They settled in Maryland and South Carolina? 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: #1 This is your father's # 456: #2 But # This is my father's uh Family Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: My mother's uh family also came from England but I Don't know too much about them Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 What about # 456: #2 But there are # Stone's everywhere cuz my great grandfather had twenty-nine sons and four daughters Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 456: #2 So that was # There are Stone's all over this country Interviewer: {NW} 456: And Whenever you see Uh {X} Um If they're real nice people {NW} they came to us Interviewer: {NW} 456: {NW} Cuz I know there are Stone's of all all kinds Interviewer: Uh-huh This uh This park down here is named for your family 456: Dedicated To my father named for my father mm-hmm {B} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: There are signs from uh Tallahassee all along the You know and from uh The other way through Um Blountstown you know and and like that way from Tallahassee There are many signs Interviewer: Hmm Would you know where um you said your mother was born in Georgia 456: #1 My mother was born in Georgia near Macon I believe # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # What um What about your parents' education? 456: Well uh they were not highly educated My immediate parents neither of them was highly educated #1 They had # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: Well I would say a little less than normal Interviewer: Would 456: They did have an education but they were not Interviewer: #1 Would you guess fifth or sixth grade or something like that? # 456: #2 They did not go to to college # My father went Oh no they went much higher than that But uh my father uh went to Business college after he was Interviewer: Hmm 456: Twenty-one Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Columbus, Georgia Interviewer: Mm-hmm You'd guess then that your parents each had about an eighth grade education? 456: No really My mother I don't know just how much she had But I think she had more than he had he really didn't have a great deal Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And I don't know just how much he had Interviewer: Mm-hmm So it sounds Um It sounds like they had a Pretty good education for Back then if if he was able to go to business college later 456: Well he went to business college after he was twenty-one Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: But he helped his father so much I I think his father was more interested in Was not as interested in education as my daddy was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Later on Cuz my daddy was determined that all of his children and grandchildren Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Should receive a college education And he worked toward that Interviewer: Did um Let's see What work did your parents do 456: My father was in turpentine Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: My mother was just a housewife I shouldn't say just a housewife because that's a big job Interviewer: {NW} 456: She had her hands full Interviewer: Yeah a lot of you children there 456: There were five children there would have been six but the first one died at six months Interviewer: What about um Your grandparents on your mother's side 456: I know very little about them They were As I said my Grandfather was a mass minister he was a baptist minister Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And we're methodist But I only saw him when I was a tiny Tiny little girl and of course don't remember him And um Just never asked too many questions about Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 Her people I know she had a lot of # Uh relatives and uh Oh We visited them At times well Bryant lives in Oh a lot of difference Melrose A bunch of names but Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: We did not keep as close touch in uh close touch with him as we did the people in this area Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you think your Your mother's parents were both born in Georgia 456: I uh think so I don't know how long they had been in Georgia Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And I don't know where they came from to Georgia #1 Except that they I know originally they came from England # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm Do you know what um How far they got in school or Anything like that 456: No I uh Don't know Interviewer: What about your um Father's Parents 456: Well my father's um I don't know just when they came to this area But one of them Stone's was given a land grant On the um {NS} Oh I don't know I don't even know where it was But that's what we're trying to find out now you know just uh More about our it's only recently that we've started Studying the genealogy of this family Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: They were prominent people In Maryland they were Friends of George Washington they were during the Revolutionary I mean the Beginning of the country you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And they were friends of uh Of uh George Washington and they were Inter married with Many of the leading families you know in America And we They just All all just scattered around Mm-hmm And then after they settled in Montgomery my grandfather Um my father's father was born Uh In Montgomery or in or In that area Interviewer: Montgomery, Alabama? 456: Uh-huh and he was the one we are not sure whether he was the great grandfather or the Grandfather That we are Working on Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But He is the one who had twenty-nine He had seven wives Twenty-nine children Twenty-nine sons and four #1 I mean twenty-nine children all together # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: There were four daughters I believe in the family I think I made the wrong statement back earlier Twenty-nine all together now there is some disagreement about it There's one member of our family that says there were thirty-two {NW} But I think the twenty-nine is correct There would have been twenty-five sons and four daughters Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 456: #2 And so twenty-nine # Interviewer: What um Do you think your your grandfather Is either your grandfather or your great grandfather was born in Montgomery 456: Yes And then they came uh he is buried Uh This His name was Henry either Jessie or Dessie Stone Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: That Is something we're not sure about some of the family say it's Dessie and some say it's Jessie Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But we're sure he's the same one because it couldn't have been another one in that big family #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 456: But he is buried we know that he is buried in Iola Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And we can't get there now except by boat It's just all grown up that area Interviewer: Hmm 456: And you can only reach it by boat Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about your your grandmother On your father's side 456: Uh my grandmother was a Yon Interviewer: #1 A what? # 456: #2 And # Y-O-N Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: And the two families were Greatly intermingled Yon's and Stone's They married and intermarried Interviewer: Hmm 456: And #1 There was a lot of cousins marrying you know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # That's That's kind of a Unusual name do you know what 456: Y-O-N No I don't know too much about that but I'm trying to find out Interviewer: Hmm 456: I know that the Yon's and the Yon family There are quite a few Terrell Higdon's and that was my dad's name Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And in the Stone family there were quite a few Interviewer: Hmm 456: It's a very popular name Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um But you don't know where your your grandmother was born 456: No In this area I think Probably around Blountstown Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But I don't know where the Yon's came from They are in Texas there are a lot of our people in Texas and then uh Um Atlanta Montgomery And I heard some yesterday in Birmingham I'm sure they came to us {NW} They would have to be everywhere Interviewer: Gosh 456: I've just gotten acquainted with some in Atlanta Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And Interviewer: Did you get to go up to Atlanta recently? 456: No Um I wrote I found uh Out about him through another cousin who is a new cousin Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And he has a son who Lives in Orlando That is uh Working on the family history Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: I've not yet contacted him but plan to do so soon Interviewer: Sounds pretty interesting Just this Meeting all #1 The relatives that you never # 456: #2 Mm-hmm # #1 We've # Interviewer: #2 Met before # 456: #1 Visited some of the graveyards you know when we've gotten some information there # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: {NW} Interviewer: Are you active in the historical society? 456: Oh yes We have a small historical group here just twelve members Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh it is limited to twelve members Our bylaws provide that And of course we do try to keep active members Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: In the group When people can't be active Uh they resign and we elect others Interviewer: Hmm Did you do much work uh at the museum Or 456: #1 You talked with Ms Brant some # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: And she can tell you more about the historical society at the museum than anyone else because #1 She worked there for many years I'm sure she told you that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: But the society has uh Has backed quite a lot of programs and and we are Really very proud of what this little group has accomplished Of course Oh we don't have much money and so we don't do A great deal money wise but we Sponsor Different projects you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And it's through our group and through our sponsoring these programs that they have come about and we are very Keeping Up the #1 Grounds the cemetery grounds and uh there are a number of uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: Interesting spots around here and we have put out quite a lot of uh Markers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And um Uh we built a gazebo and uh Cemetery grounds which was quite a pro- project it took us quite some time to do And getting the right kind of Sign up over the cemetery grounds uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: So many of the things we've had to work on quite a long time before we Got them done and just recently we have gotten new Shelf cases in the museum and that is something else we've been working on for a long time because we've Had so many artifacts and things that we wanted to display Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: That we've had to keep In the background until we had A place to display them #1 So that is our most recent accomplishment # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: Of A renovation All the things you see in uh in order to make room for these things you know for the new cases Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: That sort of thing Interviewer: I went by there 456: #1 It's been a lot of fun # Interviewer: #2 Sunday {X} # 456: It's been a lot of fun we've had some most interesting programs The historical society And um um When we were ten years old we had A program on the and our annual meeting On the society itself rather than the history of the area And it was most interesting I think we're about sixteen years old now I'm not positive #1 But # Interviewer: #2 You've been active in it # #1 Since it was built # 456: #2 From the beginning uh-huh # I wasn't uh One of the very first members but Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: I did attend the first annual meeting I was a member By that time Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um Let's see did Did you know um Going back to your father's parents did you know what what sort of work they did Did they work in turpentine too 456: No uh They had a mill And they also had a grist mill they had a lumber mill #1 And they had a grist mill # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: my daddy used to float logs down the river {NW} And in his youth Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh uh beyond that I I don't know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But my father After he came to this To Port St. Joe and was in Turpentine business Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh {B} Whose family Has lived a long time at Over Street Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Was in this with him In the beginning Not very long uh because I remember when I was a very small child that Uh he was no longer here #1 But it was only for a short period that they were together in this business # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 456: And {NW} I know that the Lord took care of us As children Because there were rattlesnakes all over this place it was not built up Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: There were Uh There was a commissary and there were houses for the #1 Mostly negroes you know who worked # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 456: And uh there there after the town began to build up it was still sparsely settled you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And there were rattlesnakes all over this place and every kind of a snake And we just walked all over them We'd picked berries in the woods and We paddled around in the ponds {NW} And uh there were two Uh branches Uh I don't know if you understand #1 There was just streams of water of you know we had to cross we'd # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: wade through to go to my daddy's turpentine place Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And as small children we did that quite a bit And we used to watch them #1 Uh build barrels you know to send the stuff away in # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: And I used to love to do that And uh We used to hear thunder in the heavens and It sounded to me just like those barrels rolling around Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 456: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 456: #2 # But we Many times were just in a very few feet of huge alligators and we never thought anything about it Interviewer: #1 Didn't think about fright being frightened of course we didn't want to step on a snake # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: We avoided them but We they were all over the place and it's it's just a marvel that none of us were ever bitten Interviewer: Mm-hmm Uh You were married {X} Is your husband #1 Still living # 456: #2 Yes um # Interviewer: #1 # 456: #2 # Uh my husband came from Tallahassee his folks came from Georgia Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: But I met him in Tallahassee And we lived there for three years after we were married Interviewer: He was born in Tallahassee? 456: No he was born in Georgia Whigham, Georgia But uh Interviewer: #1 His folks came from Georgia and I don't know where else # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: Now his His mother's family Um Goes back to The very Beginning you know And it's difficult it's always difficult For me to remember that name but her Aunt I mean her uncle She wa- she was a direct descendant From this uncle way back Who was given um A Land grant In Manhattan island And you may know about that because there are a lot of people who were concerned with that This uh what is now Manhattan Island was a land grant which was given to the King of England To This #1 Man this uncle # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: And uh that He leased his property for a period of ninety-nine years and at the end of ninety-nine years The land and everything that had been put on it during that time was to go back to the family And when the period was over this land now was his was over There was Um There were many Uh Branches of the family you know who tried to get this Settled Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But Possession is nine points of the law you know what they say And uh there was never any settlement made And they did offer twenty million dollars one time #1 But the family refused it because it was worth so much more than that you know that they # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: They just didn't feel that was a fair offer Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But at that time what was A number of years ago must've been about Oh it must've been Forty or fifty years ago fifty years ago Uh they uh #1 That this offer of three million was made and of course you know it's worth a great deal more than now than it would've been then # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: No settlement was ever made but it it is sort of like a fairy story And uh in New York {NW} My mother and my brother And I made a trip to New York he was He is a law was a lawyer he's retired But He was taking a short course And while he Was studying my mother and I visited in that area And on this trip {NW} To Hyde Park Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: I found uh a lady from California who was also a desc- uh a descendant #1 Of this family on her father's side # Interviewer: #2 Really? # 456: And it was most interesting to talk with her Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: About it And we write with people every now and then who are descendants of this Of I don't know whether she was descended from the uh Same Henry Well I know she was #1 But whether she came down from his side or the mother's side you know well # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: It was interesting to talk with her Interviewer: Um How old is your husband 456: My husband is seventy-one Interviewer: And he's a Methodist too? 456: Yes Interviewer: What about his education? 456: He I I'm not sure whether he had one or two years of college Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} Pretty good For Somebody that age um What about is he very active in um Church or clubs or anything 456: He is um Active in church in Sunday School class and um He served as usher and and on the board of uh The official board #1 Two or three times # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: And uh He is Very active in The Masonry A shrine Interviewer: Is that the um The same organization that's called The Shriners 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: They had a convention in Atlanta did #1 Did y'all get to go to that # 456: #2 No we didn't go but uh he # He has attended uh All of those in this area Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But we haven't we haven't gone to Atlanta We might do that one of these days Uh the work that he did he was a railroad man Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: #1 And uh the hours that he had did not permit him to be very active in anything you know until after his retirement # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: He did Serve uh in In the church in several different offices but uh He couldn't he wasn't really free to serve Very much Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 Anyway until after he retired # And since then he has been most active In the Mason's And the Shriner's And uh and in the Shrine He's been a Shriner for several years Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And he has uh Uh been responsible for Getting two children in our area in the One of them in hospital for burns You know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh another little child that was crippled had a crippled arm Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 And he is still working with those two # The little child that was burned It's been several years And he is still making trips Back and forth you know to The hospitals Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But The the little boy who was crippled uh They've been only working with him for the uh I believe the last year Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you know what sort of work your Um Husband's parents did? Or 456: His father was a farmer Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh Later they moved to Tallahassee and And they had a A store in Jones Station out on the edge of town Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: That is in his younger days he was a farmer Interviewer: And um Now could you tell me some about {NS} About what this community's like 456: Uh this is my husband Ralph This young lady is {B} And she's oh Taking a survey for of She's a graduate of Emory University and she is making a survey and she was just asking some questions about the early days in this Community Of course he doesn't know too much about that because he only came after we were married you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: He doesn't know too much about the early days but he could tell you a lot more about what's in the area now than I can Interviewer: Mm-hmm Tell me something about um This community how much it's It's changed since you Were growing up in it and 456: Hmm Well in the early days you didn't dare have a party without asking everybody in town that's not true any longer {NS} It really has grown {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Quite a lot Ralph when we uh when you Came here Uh do you remember about what the population was? Aux: Oh something in between the #1 Five or six hundred I suppose # 456: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: #1 After the paper mill came and it began growing but it was a very small community until after the paper mill came # Aux: #2 In nineteen nineteen thirty-four # #1 When I first came in here # 456: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: #1 # 456: #2 # Several of the churches were organized within the Methodist church the Methodist church was the first Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And it was organized in nineteen ten Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh The man who was organized the church served as Sunday school superintendent for Twenty-two years Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And then during those years uh several groups came in the Baptists and the Episcopal And the Presbyterian And they were all organized in our church And then uh There were But before these churches were organized All the services were held there and in the early days we had a lot of Working together you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And many of our services were held together and in The early years there were Oh we did not have a A A Pr- minister residing Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 In the community # The ministers in the early years lived in Wewahitchka and would only come down in the beginning One Sunday out of the year I mean out of the week Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: #1 Out of each month # 456: #2 I mean month # Out of the month And uh then uh That was not true for such a long time though When the other churches were organized They would have different Sundays and we #1 Visited the other churches when we were not # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: In service #1 And they visited ours # Interviewer: #2 Was # Was Wewahitchka a much younger community 456: Yes Wewahitchka is much older than Port St Joe #1 But I don't know how old Wewahitchka is # Aux: #2 It is not older though # 456: #1 Not # Aux: #2 Older than the old # #1 Town of St Joseph # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: #1 I really don't # Aux: #2 Which was # #1 About a mile south of here where it was # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: At the time. Interviewer: Was You mentioned uh The turpentine um Was that A long time ago with Did they sort of have a turpentine camp around here? 456: Well uh my father and um This Other man had the business here and in that was all that was here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: In the beginning Just a turpentine camp uh Uh they had uh Little cottages that were built you know in the quarters for the people who #1 Worked for him # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: And for a long time it was just That #1 And then in when the railroad came in people began moving in and that the and uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: Spreading out #1 They but # Aux: #2 And they were the first # Turpentine Camp here I heard your daddy say Was right over here on #1 Uh across this road here on the um waterfront there # Interviewer: #2 Hmm # 456: Mm-hmm yes that's right when we were little Aux: That uh Whatever Whatever this gulf station is here right straight across from it Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Over there on the 456: And he had a commissary for the Uh Groceries you know and and um needs Of the people who worked for it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And um there was a post office While he was over there it was called Indian Pass Post Office Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And it was several years later before the name was changed you know Port St. Joe But they called the post office Indian Pass Interviewer: Indian Pass is down #1 South of here # 456: #2 And down mm-hmm # #1 Few miles down # Aux: #2 About ten ten miles south of here # And it's not on ni- ninety-eight it's on uh #1 It's # Interviewer: #2 Thirty or something # Aux: It's thirty Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: On thirty or thirty E whatever they call it But The pass itself there's not right on the On the road that is there's a big Uh It used to be I don't know whether they still operate the store down there or not it #1 It might {X} # 456: #2 Yes they do # Yes they do Aux: Yeah And they were in the tur- in the nail sort of business too Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: His uh Mr Mayfield he's dead now but his son still lives down there Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # Aux: #2 And turn the right and then # In other words uh In front of his place you go down on the what's called the Pass the Indian Pass in there 456: When I first uh I used to hear about Indian Pass I thought they meant that area Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Uh but speaking of the post office it was right here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Um Back in the earlier days Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 And my daddy was the first post master # Interviewer: When did the railroad come in here 456: Nineteen ten I believe Interviewer: Uh-huh Um Has this area changed much in the past ten years or so Ten or twenty years Have there Been a lot of tourists 456: There's been a lot of building And we do Do have quite a lot of visitors at the museum and at the Though at the old cemetery And also The park Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: On that peninsula Interviewer: But I mean you're You're what about forty or fifty miles from Panama City 456: #1 Thirty-six # Aux: #2 Thirty-six # Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Thirty-six miles from Panama City Interviewer: Have you gotten people um Sort of branching out from Panama City um You know the People who have moved down to To Florida or Any retirement areas or Any you know new development #1 Along that line # 456: #2 Well Mexico Beach # #1 Uh we had a lot of people retired people out in that area # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: Now that was uh In in those early days there were maybe two two or three cottages on the beach the entire beach down this way And since then the beaches have grown up #1 And they # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: We think we're settled {NS} And we have a lot of retired people but we don't have any special area for retired people We do have a lot of retired people Out there we do have some here Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 But has it been # 456: #2 Port St Joe # Interviewer: #1 Yeah # Aux: #2 Mexico Beach and Beacon Hill # Which is the oldest settlement on the beach high Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Between here and Panama City And then St Joe Beach Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # Aux: #2 Is all uh in there on the # But then St Joe Beach you uh had in there first but you can't hardly Well you can tell too because Uh there is a space you might say between St Joe Beach and uh Beacon hill is not anything in there Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: And then Beyond that end when you get through Beacon Hill you go right into Mexico Beach it's just a continuation 456: But Mexico Beach is not in our county it's in Bay County Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: We we really feel that they belong to us because we educate their children Interviewer: #1 Oh really? # 456: #2 But uh and we're so close you know # Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 456: #2 But it's really in Bay County # Aux: Now their children all all of Bay I mean all of Mexico Beach all the beaches out there Between This side of town up hill come here in Port St Joe all over there more than any other county Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: It that county over there Provides Compensation for the state of Florida Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: To this county Interviewer: Uh I'd like to to get an idea of what the um The house that you grew up in Looks like did Or did you move uh A whole lot or 456: I uh well The First Little log house My daddy lived in when he came Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: My family did not live in it Uh The first house that my mother lived in was another little house he built over here On the beach Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 This area # Uh close to the turpentine still Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And um I don't know how long we were in that But my first memory is of this big building That was Downtown There was a uh Store downstairs and for a town post office was in that building It was a large area Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: For the post office And uh there was an upstairs and we lived upstairs and for a time We served meals up there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: There were a number of rooms up there that were Rented out Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 And we served meals when I was a small child # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: While I was Still small About five I think we moved into another house Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And lived there for A number of years and when I think I was in the sixth grade we moved to this street A house down on the corner So we moved several times #1 And # Aux: #2 That house is still # 456: This house is still standing Aux: Yeah 456: And the Other house that I moved in from the large one Is uh still standing but it's been moved in over near the schools Interviewer: Mm-hmm Could you sort of um Make a sketch of it for me I I'd like to see just Sort of A rough um floor plan you know what how many rooms there were #1 And where they were # 456: #2 Well # Well well the last house we lived in and our family home now is down across from the motel Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: #1 {X} # 456: #2 And uh we # Aux: That Stone was the old Stone house now yeah they lived there for the last What uh Forty-five years or #1 Fifty matter of fact in fact it's vacant now it's right on the corner across from the motel down right down there # 456: #2 It's about fifty years that the last fifty years the family was living in this house # Aux: #1 Uh town there right out on that corner # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: Between here and town Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Down Block further than the bank Interviewer: Do you think you could sort of make a sketch Just 456: #1 I don't think I can {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Not anything well # Aux: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 Not anything real detailed or # You know not just just to give me an idea of how many 456: Well It has two gables on the front Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 456: #2 And uh it's uh # Sort of stick roof isn't it sort of stick I can't tell without looking at it But uh it Aux: And it had a front porch 456: #1 Front porch is on the front and on on the side and on this side # Aux: #2 And round on the # Uh on the around the corner of the living room there So it had It had a hallway That goes from the front door to the Until it go around on the back porch And then on the left hand side as you go in there's a living room And then what you call the library Then our dining room And a Pantry And a kitchen And another pantry back there out of the kitchen So that you get to have two pantries I called it One of them Uh which was it 456: Excuse me just a minute Aux: One of them was between the dining room and the And the kitchen and then the other went out in the kitchen and it had a back porch Bath There next to it in the bedroom And there were two bedrooms Downstairs and two bedrooms upstairs Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: It's still standing down there they Um Had some people that you know after Her mother died they Well even before her mother died by back in July they Uh She was staying here with us before we got her in you know Had to take her to the hospital Anyway people could break in there Looking for Not for 456: Oh #1 Something about having # Aux: #2 {X} their money # 456: This is our house It was the first nice house that was built In St. Joe it was a Uh Interviewer: Hmm 456: The first one and they put it on post cards you know and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And um people uh I have a post card that a friend of mine received while her brother was Uh in St. Joe Aux: #1 You talking about this house # 456: #2 I'm talking about this is this house # Aux: Mm-hmm 456: And and the early days Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And I this is uh This is the house we're talking about that's the Stone house Interviewer: Hmm How many rooms were there in there 456: Well downstairs There is on one side is the living room and the library And the dining room and uh a little Pantry butler's pantry And the kitchen on one side that's one two three Aux: #1 {X} How about the other pantry # 456: #2 Living room dining room # That's four big rooms Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 And they're huge rooms # Interviewer: #1 On the left side # 456: #2 On the mm-hmm # Yes On this side Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh then uh there's the hall in between and on the other side There are two Huge bedrooms Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And then there's another little uh Uh the porch Original porch on that side was enclosed in another small room made in there which is open into this uh This Big bedroom on the front And there's a b- uh kitchen on that side and a bath on that side and a back porch Interviewer: Two kitchens in that house 456: Two kitchens in the house uh-huh Because uh in later years Uh #1 Momma rented an apartment on that side # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: #1 And uh then upstairs # Aux: #2 But originally it wasn't originally that way # 456: Upstairs uh there are two big rooms Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 And a large hall # Which could be used for for a small bedroom if you wanted to And has been #1 When it was needed and then there's a bath upstairs # Aux: #2 And a bath # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: So there are three baths in the house #1 Course this fence was taken down a long time ago you know but # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 456: This was I think this picture was made Um daddy had just painted it And it was not too long after we'd bought it and he had just painted it so #1 This fence was still out there then and it stayed there for some time but # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: #1 Let's move this mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 This porch went all around the corner # 456: The porch Uh the porch went this far Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 This is the dining room and kitchen back here and the porch went back through that um oh library # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And it was down that far Right now uh daddy before he died not Now some time before he died he built on a little porch here you know Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 Closed in a section of it right here # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: #1 And so that's what it's for then on the other side there was a porch it was closed in # Aux: #2 No he didn't build on a porch he just # 456: #1 No I that's what I mean he closed it he didn't screen it in honey he he built the wall here because he wanted to sleep out there you know # Aux: #2 Screen it in that corner there yeah well that's right the wall yeah # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And so that's on the bay side you know such a nice breeze around there Aux: Now this right here now where the this is the front out here where these gables are this is a A side view Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: From from here #1 On the # 456: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: Streets going down towards the water 456: If I had a small picture of it I'd give it to you but I Don't have a small one This is another house that my daddy owned both of these Interviewer: Did you ever live in that house 456: No I never lived there but it was one that he had it's been torn down Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: No that's house wasn't torn down it was re Remodeled and it's still a home 456: This house has been torn down Aux: #1 Isn't that the old town home huh # 456: #2 No no # It's down there on the corner this is the Wilson the Lewis House #1 And this was on the corner # Aux: #2 Oh yeah that's right the old # #1 This is the old uh Wilson House huh yeah # 456: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Did you ever live in this house here 456: This is the one I'm living in now Interviewer: #1 This is # 456: #2 This is our home # #1 It is on one of these # Interviewer: #2 Which side is which side is this # 456: Uh-huh that's the front See we had it recolored And it doesn't look like it now but it hadn't been changed except that uh porch Uh on the Hey that's not it That's the wrong house #1 that's not it no # Aux: #2 No that's not it I # 456: we have two uh #1 It it it looks sort of like it you know from the front # Aux: #2 You've got a picture of our # 456: #1 No but I couldn't I wouldn't know where to find that we do have uh the one that I have is a postcard picture # Aux: #2 But it it's a postcard picture # 456: #1 And that's not it # Aux: #2 No that I didn't I I hadn't seen this uh {X} # 456: #1 Well I just grabbed it up and I was thinking just uh you know it used to look similar to that # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But uh Oh before we bought it Jones family was the second oldest family here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: They built this house and uh Then after her husband died Years later she Enclosed this Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 Porch # On this side And the porch did go all the way around just like it does on here you know Interviewer: All the way around all four sides of the house 456: #1 Uh no it's not on the back but uh # Aux: #2 No it doesn't on three sides though # 456: #1 All three sides about half way on that side it was about halfway # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Aux: This is 456: #1 And # Aux: #2 The porch is still around on this side # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But this is the house next door Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Over there and this is our house right here see Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Course you don't get don't see much of it But you You do see that it was similar to Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: #1 To the this side of the house # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 456: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # You know um Those porches that That would um Go around the The house like that did Did you ever have any um Special names for For different types of porches #1 Like # 456: #2 We just said porch # Interviewer: Mm-hmm I was wondering if you Say a Ever heard of piazza or um #1 Gallery # 456: #2 We never said that # Interviewer: Any of those 456: I never heard anybody in this area say that Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Now I've heard people say veranda but it's But Not very much Interviewer: What does veranda mean 456: It's porch Interviewer: Just any porch or 456: Just porch Interviewer: Okay 456: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 Yeah I # Interviewer: Uh 456: It didn't make any difference what it does but it went all the way around here it was just a little teeny one jutting out you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: #1 But it was all porch to us # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Did you ever see any houses that had the uh Kitchen separate from the rest of the house 456: Not in this area Now uh Aux: #1 I have seen them myself # 456: #2 Well I've seen them and uh they are some in Wewahitchka # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And um In Blountstown where some of our folks live there the kitchen was separate they had a walk way Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 A board walk # Between the two Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh but A lot of the houses were built that way but but not Here Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Do you know the reason why it was done built that way Interviewer: #1 If there's a fire I guess # Aux: #2 Mm-hmm # That was a Fire protection for Cuz there was more danger of fire and Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: #1 There's more cooking # 456: #2 We just don't go quite that far back # Interviewer: Yeah it I guess that is a A lot older Um Tell me about the fireplace in the house the The thing that the smoke goes up through you'd call the 456: Chimney Interviewer: Okay 456: Flue Interviewer: Uh-huh Did What if it's on say a Um A factory With The big thing that the smoke goes up through Would you have another name for that 456: Smoke stack Interviewer: Okay And um The open place on the floor in front of the fireplace Aux: #1 That's just called a hearth # 456: #2 Hearth # Interviewer: A what's that 456: H-E-A-R-T-H Aux: Hearth 456: A hearth Interviewer: What how do you 456: I was taught to say hearth but it spells hearth Interviewer: Okay And uh The things that you lay the wood across 456: Well uh we didn't in my house #1 We just uh # Aux: #2 You mean in in inside the fireplace? # 456: No well you're talking about Aux: #1 You call 'em dogs # 456: #2 To hold the # Aux: Wood uh uh dogs Fire dogs Interviewer: #1 Is that # 456: #2 Or andirons either one # Interviewer: #1 Which one # 456: #2 Fire dogs andirons # Interviewer: Which one did you call it when you were growing up? 456: Well we didn't have any in in our fire places to begin with Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And when we moved into this house there was a grate Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: You know with a A part that jutted up that they had wood in but the {X} In this house Um This one Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 There were grates in there all the fireplaces # and we didn't have any andirons Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: In our House down there On the corner I guess there were fire dogs in there or andirons I just don't remember too much about them Interviewer: Mm-hmm And the thing up above the fireplace it 456: Mantle Interviewer: Okay Any other name for that? Okay um And say if you were gonna start a fire what kind of wood would you use? 456: Well Whatever was available Interviewer: #1 What mm-hmm # 456: #2 We used oak and pine # Aux: Not not for a starter 456: To start it Or we got fat Uh laddered Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 456: #2 Uh s- s- # We uh we cut splinters Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: And to get it started Aux: Well did you ever use any uh #1 The stuff # 456: #2 I just used kerosene # Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: To start it Aux: So you have but these scrapings from the uh #1 The turpentine still you never used that? # 456: #2 We never used those we never used those we used # Uh we'd Oh I've gone out in the w- in the backyard a many a time early in the morning before it was hardly daylight To cut splinters off a real fat piece of W- light wood you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: It was real fat Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 Juicy # And I've cut splinters out there Real early in the morning when it was very cold and down there and build a fire on the stove cuz I always got the stove started Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: When I was growing up The boys brought the wood in but I always got things started and if they didn't have any splinters there I had to go get them Interviewer: You know um you might have a Big piece of wood that You'd set Sort of toward the back of the fireplace and Maybe it'd burn all night long Did 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Did you have a name for that 456: Mm-mm #1 It was just all firewood for us # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # But I'm talking about real big pieces Aux: #1 Yeah # 456: #2 Yeah well we used to # We had those of course Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: #1 But we just well # Aux: #2 We called it a back log though wouldn't you # 456: #1 # Aux: #2 # #1 Usually that was a something like a oak or hickory some of that hard wood that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm uh-huh # Aux: Burns slow Interviewer: Did you ever hear the expression back log or was that used in this area? 456: Well not in connection with um The fireplaces that I knew about Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But It could very well have been used Interviewer: Um 456: We just called it wood Interviewer: Uh-huh And then The black stuff that forms in the chimney 456: Smut #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 456: Or soot #1 Either word # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # And um The things you have to shovel out of the fireplace is the 456: Ashes uh-huh Interviewer: Okay And talking about things that you have in a room um This thing right here is called a Or or that over there is called a 456: Well Just chairs Interviewer: Okay 456: Rocker course that one's a rocker Interviewer: Uh-huh And this thing that we're sitting on now 456: We call davenport But now we say couch Interviewer: Mm-hmm Any other names? 456: Do you Interviewer: #1 Do you see # 456: #2 Uh settee # Uh the smaller ones uh We might have called settees Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Or if it was a large one though it was davenport Interviewer: What about sofa? 456: Or sofa Well we say sofa now or couch Interviewer: Uh-huh #1 And then you just uh the what you just called a # 456: #2 Mm-hmm sofa well I guess really sofa's the better word # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But it used to be davenport Interviewer: Mm-hmm What um Different things did you have in your bedroom to keep clothes in? 456: Well we had a We had A wardrobe Interviewer: What's that like? 456: And uh a chest Uh what do we call this chest Momma had? A wardrobe is a Aux: Well she had a cedar chest but she also had a closet too 456: Well Well she's talking about in the o- old days aren't you Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Course this house down there has um #1 Several closets in it but our # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: This house didn't have any closets in it when we came here They built a couple I think We had to build all the closets Interviewer: Mm-hmm But The clothes used to be kept m- mostly in these wardrobes as a cabinet Tall Mm-hmm 456: Piece of furniture that Maybe would have drawers on one side and uh #1 Closet type on the other side of the door opened you know had long enough to put dresses and things like that in it # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 456: #1 And then # Interviewer: #2 Did it have a mirror on it? # 456: Uh mm-hmm Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: #1 I guess so the furniture we we used here was just like we used everywhere else at that time # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Anything that just had drawers in it? 456: Yes Well we had uh you know we didn't have bathrooms back in the Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Early days in the we had what we called wash stands Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And with big bowls pitchers and bowls you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh It had a A little rack on the back instead of a Of a Mirror you know like you'd have on a dresser Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: It'd have a rack on the back to hang your towels on Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh I don't have one But My mother got rid of the ones that she had but we used to use those in the bedrooms you know to put the Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: To keep your water in y- A big pitcher to keep your water in and then a bowl to Bathe in And of course when you took a bath you brought a tub in you know and Hot wat- {NW} But just wash your face you know and something like that you know when you use those bowls Pitchers And they were pretty too Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 Beautiful things # Interviewer: #1 # 456: #2 # Interviewer: #1 What about # 456: #2 We used to have chambers too # Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Do you know about chambers Interviewer: #1 I think I know what you mean # 456: #2 Uh they're a little squat # Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: And uh a s- uh Sometimes I use those Taller Buckets Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: You know with a cover they call slop jars #1 And poured water in that you know your waste water when you took it uh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: You would use the water at the Wash stand Pour the Waste water in there or #1 Also could sit on it you know to # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # What did they have out in the #1 Out in the yard # 456: #2 And we used to have a d- uh j- a johnny out in the yard we can call it johnny I don't know what outhouse I guess # Interviewer: Uh-huh Any other names for that? #1 Joking names or # 456: #2 Uh # Interviewer: #1 # 456: #2 # I I don't know I don't remember what we call those things It's been a long time Interviewer: What um Other kinds of furniture might Might you have now for With just with drawers in it 456: Well we usually call them chests Now chest of drawers {NS} But What momma had in her room Was real {NS} she had a huge dresser with a triple mirror Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: A huge mirror in the middle and then two smaller ones on the side Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And it was oh it was covered a lot of territory it was about as wide as almost as wide as that um Wall over there Interviewer: #1 So it'd be about {X} # 456: #2 Was it real big # #1 Was it wasn't quite that wide but it was real wide # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh 456: And it had uh Several small drawers across the top you know and then beneath that some #1 Thicker drawers about like that # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: Two or three of those Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And that was what the dresser and then her chest Was All we I guess Her chest is about this high Interviewer: #1 And uh # 456: #2 It was just drawers # Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: On top the very top is two small ones and then the rest of 'em all Big drawers Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: And it had a mirror Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: On it Course the mirror was way up high Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: {X} Mirror it was about this wide and about that #1 Bout that deep I guess on top # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # #1 Did you ever hear of anything called a bureau or a chiffonier or a chifforobe? # 456: #2 Well # Um You know they said ch- bureau That's what she called hers Chiffonier No wait a minute I believe she called that chest of drawers a chiffonier Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: I believe she did Interviewer: What about bureau? Was that 456: A bureau would be the dresser I believe Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 And uh # 456: #2 But we # #1 We didn't call it that we just called it a dresser # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # #1 Does that sound like uh-huh # 456: #2 A lot of people did say bureau # Interviewer: Does that sound more old fashioned to you or 456: Well bureau sounds more old fashioned to me than dresser Interviewer: Uh-huh And uh Something that you could have in In your windows Well not Like that something on rollers you could pull down To keep out the light 456: Oh shades uh-huh you use shades instead of blinds Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um Say if you had a um A little room at the top of the house Just underneath the roof 456: Well we didn't have one but you could call it an attic Interviewer: #1 Okay # 456: #2 I would think # Interviewer: And um You mentioned a {NW} Talking about the kitchen Was there any other name #1 Used to # 456: #2 Oh we did in this house here we did have a # There is an attic too #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 It's off i- it to get into it you go through the bedroom # Mm-hmm 456: And uh went through the closet Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 There's an opening in the back of the closet that goes into this attic # And We Put a whole bunch of trunks and old things up there that we didn't um We were not using Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And we called that attic Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But course {NS} Course in a lot of uh Old homes there's a is a room that's large enough to be used you know or lived in As a bedroom cause #1 You know we read about attic rooms you know living in attic rooms # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 456: But this wouldn't have been very no windows in it or anything like that you know it's just up under the roof Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um The the kitchen did you Did you ever call that Ever hear any other word besides kitchen 456: Mm-mm Interviewer: Cook room or cook house 456: Mm-mm Interviewer: Any of those 456: Just kitchen Interviewer: And say if you had a lot of old worthless things that you were fixing to throw out you You might say That's not Not any good anymore that's just 456: Junk Interviewer: Huh 456: Junk Interviewer: Okay And a place where you might Store things that you didn't know what to do with 456: Oh well call it a junk room {NW} Interviewer: Okay #1 And uh # 456: #2 I suppose # Interviewer: Talking about um Daily housework you'd say Say if your house was all messy you'd say you had to #1 Do what? # 456: #2 We'd have to clean the house # Interviewer: Okay 456: #1 Clean up # Interviewer: #2 And uh # 456: I would usually say you have to clean up Interviewer: Mm-kay And the thing that people used to sweep with before they had vacuum cleaners 456: Well uh we used a Brooms but I can remember when I was real small Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: That uh Um Some people used a Grass you know that you'd get together and make a broom out of Grass broom Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And they swept With those and then there was something that was more sturdy than that they used to make um Yard brooms and they swept the yards Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever hear of people taking sand or something and And using that or To 456: To clean uh pots and Pans Interviewer: Or t- to clean the The Floors or something like that 456: No I've I've never heard of using sand to clean the floors but uh Iron pots Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: They used sand to clean iron pots Aux: Mable, did you ever use anything Like uh The old brush mop To to scrub floors with 456: No Aux: You know 456: We usually used our old sc- our old brooms when the brooms #1 Got old you know we used those for scrubbing # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: And save the newer ones for sweeping Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But we did have yard brooms to sweep the yard and we did Oh We never did very much but a lot of people did Have those uh Brooms that were made to sweep the floors Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Some of them were kind of messy cuz they'd break off you know #1 And then you'd have stuff there but # Aux: #2 What's that what you call a # 456: But They used feathers they had there were feather brooms you know to dust Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: #1 M- there's one down here now I think I'd taken it broom straw # Aux: #2 The broom's straw you know he drove up like that and he'd go out in the field and cut it # And uh Tie it up Like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But from the time I was a very small child we used regular brooms like we have now so I don't really know too much about those and I did see that so much {D: not an animal} Interviewer: Mm-hmm Say um If if your broom was in that corner there And the door's open like The door was open all the way You'd said that the broom was Where 456: In the corner Interviewer: Or in relation to the door you'd say the broom was 456: #1 Hind uh behind the door I guess I suppose # Interviewer: #2 Okay # And uh 456: We always tried to keep the brooms out of sight though Put them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: You know anything cleaning utensils out of sight Interviewer: Mm-hmm Say on a on a two story house to get from the first floor up to the second floor you'd have a 456: Stairway Interviewer: Okay What about something outside from the um Ground up to the porch Well Say you're To get up to your porch you'd have a 456: Steps Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: To Well you Have s- Steps I guess Interviewer: Okay you'd never Would you call it steps inside the house 456: Well oh Aux: #1 {X} # 456: #2 Growing up we'd just call it a stairway # Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Inside and in some places there's stairways on the outside Outdoor stairways up to the second floor you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But We never had one Oh we did too When we lived in that uh Oh big old store building there was an outside stairway there was an inside stairway and there was also an outside way that was used for Mostly for the servants you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you have Servants when you were growing up 456: Yes We had um We had a cook And uh we We had um A washwoman And that's what we called her washwoman #1 We'd call her washwoman # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Um Talking about the Um cleaning Your clothes you You'd say um A long time ago on Monday women usually did the What 456: Well we didn't do it {NW} Interviewer: #1 Like just # 456: #2 We used to gather our clothes up and and # Uh sent them to the quarters Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And um Most most of the time we sent them to the quarters instead of having them washed at home Interviewer: Mm-hmm So 456: And so we didn't uh W- we just did it the first of the week we sent them the first of the week and we'd usually gather them the last of the week Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 They kept them all week # Interviewer: So you'd say that You'd send #1 Send your clothes to the quarters to have the # 456: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: What done? 456: Have them Washed Interviewer: Uh-huh And after they were washed and dried you'd have to do the 456: Well they They ironed them they did all of it Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 456: #2 And brought them back they were ready to wear # Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you Is there any one word you'd use to talk about washing and ironing together? 456: I don't know whether they use the word laundry or not They may have Interviewer: Would you use that word now? 456: I would use it now to do the laundry That That to me that would include all of it Interviewer: Mm-hmm This um this quarters that You mentioned that's that's still where where it is now That um 456: Uh well now since the town has grown up #1 You see oh uh the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: The railroad Goes Sort of divides this up side town and the other you know on that side mostly the negroes live but Until they built Highland View Interviewer: Until they built what? 456: Highland View That's a small Community On the water The Quarters the negro quarters were a little bit further back inland you know Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: And we just always Called them the quarters you know Interviewer: Uh-huh #1 Where's the # 456: #2 Then where the negroes live # Interviewer: #1 Oh okay # 456: #2 In there because none of them lived on this side of the railroad # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Track Interviewer: Where's Highland View? 456: Highland View is is across Uh In that area but it's on the front you know on the water facing the water Interviewer: I don't think I've 456: We go right you go right through it going to Panama City you see Interviewer: #1 Is that # 456: #2 And they've got some buildings out # U- uh between the highway and the water out there Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Most of it's On the other side Interviewer: There was a 456: But it's it's a white community out there the black community's further back Interviewer: The white community's Highland View? 456: #1 Yes the white community's Highland View # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: But it wasn't there for a long long time see it's only In recent years Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: That it's been there wa- well In more recent years it's cause it's been it's been there for quite some time Interviewer: Mm-hmm What I was thinking of what when you said the quarter there That area that Avenue A #1 Throughout {X} is that that what used to be the quarter # 456: #2 Uh-huh yes that's right uh-huh that mm-hmm # Yeah I think lot of us would still say quarters Interviewer: Uh-huh So that's 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: That's what I Thought you were referring to there Um If the door was open and you didn't want it to be you'd tell someone to 456: Close the door shut it Interviewer: Okay And uh You know some houses that On the outside they have this wood that laps over each other These boards that That lap over each other #1 Do you know what I mean # 456: #2 Huh # Oh Yes If it's a wooden house Interviewer: Uh-huh Do you know what that That type of Of board 456: Mm-mm Interviewer: Did you ever heard of Clapboard or siding or weather 451: Well yes I suppose that that um Oh we could any of those words could have been used Interviewer: #1 What like # 451: #2 C-L-A-P isn't it B-O-A-R-D # Interviewer: Uh-huh 451: Um well of course I've heard that used and then siding Uh outside siding you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: {X} Interviewer: What did you usually hear it Hear it called 451: Well I just don't remember that I heard That I heard it called that much Interviewer: Uh-huh 451: But I think you would have said oh E- either either word would have been good clapboard it uh Uh Uh or siding Interviewer: Uh-huh 451: Or you might say outside siding Interviewer: Uh-huh What about weatherboarding 451: Weatherboarding Think we think of weatherboarding more in um In connection with uh Boarding up windows in times of storm or something like that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: I mean that's That's the way I think of it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: We never did We never did that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: Uh there have been times when storms have been predicted that they board up the windows and the stores downtown but Not very many people boarded up their houses. Course I guess if we're right on the water We might do it Interviewer: There's never been a bad storm #1 Come through this city # 451: #2 There've been # Uh a there was a bad storm uh after The old town There've been times when um There've been Trees blown down and Maybe Shack of the buildings would fall down something like #1 that but # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 451: Well as a {NS: general rule} We don't really have very bad weather We have had it sometimes it blows real hard Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: And there are people who get scared and leave town and then the Some of them have gotten in real storms you Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 451: #2 know # And wished they hadn't left home but as a general rule We had some wind And uh We have some damages but it Never amounts to a whole lot Interviewer: #1 Not anything like what happened to Gulfport or # 451: #2 Mm-mm # Interviewer: #1 Any of those things # 451: #2 Oh no no we've never # never had anything like that uh maybe a {NS: I'll} tell you We lived on Seventh Street before we moved around here after I was married Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: There was a building back there that had been used as a cook house I think Interviewer: #1 What do you mean cook house # 451: #2 Cook house well I mean it the cook # Cook lived it #1 There # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 451: In it Later it was used for a garage Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: {NW} but originally it was built for a cook house And it had been built when our house was built and it was Real shackled-y When we moved over there And um this storm came up Not too long after it was blowing real hard Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: And we stood the children and I stood in the window and watched that thing it swayed back and forth almost hit the ground on both sides and I said well I hope it'll blow it down Well it didn't blow it down the next morning that thing was standing But uh there was a wall that was Blown out of uh Building out at the paper mill A brick building Interviewer: {NW} 451: There was something that was blown #1 out out there # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 451: But that was funny to me that old shackled-y building It It just went this way and that way And we stood in the window and watched it Interviewer: Uh-huh 451: a long time and it didn't blow down We finally had to knock it down Interviewer: Uh-huh Um You know Say if you were Hanging up a Picture or something you'd say I I took the hammer and I What the nail 451: #1 Hmm # Interviewer: #2 In # 451: Well I Think we'd say to hammered Interviewer: Or another word you might use I took the nail and I Took the hammer and I what the nail into the wall 451: Drove it into the wall Interviewer: And If it didn't get in far enough you'd say it's gotta be What in further Using that same word You say #1 It's gotta be # 451: #2 {X} # Well if it's driven in I oh I never did talk about them like that Interviewer: Okay And uh You know along the roof um The little things along the edge of the roof To carry the water off 451: Mm-hmm I don't know Interviewer: Do you have that #1 Um on the {X} # 451: #2 Yes uh yes # but I can't think of the word that That we use for that And the uh uh uh Older houses we didn't have them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: Cause water just Tumbled off Wherever it hit But Uh Interviewer: Say if it If there were Around fall Or some time you'd You'd have to get up and And clean the Leaves out of the 451: Well it wouldn't be dryings I {NS} have heard uh I heard them called dryings but um Aw shoot there's a word I just can't think of right now Interviewer: Did you call it um Troughs or gutters or canals 451: Hmm There's another word that we use I can't think of it Interviewer: What about when you have a house in an L That low place where the Two roofs come together Did you have a A name for that or 451: Not that I know of Interviewer: And um What sort of Let's see did You always lived at In the city or Or I mean this This was always Sort of a A small city 451: It was just a Well we just called it a small town Of course we we call it city now but uh For a long time we just said We just Thought of St. Joe as a small town course we are a small city Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: We're very small uh now how ma- I don't know what our population is now Somebody may have told you Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: But um Interviewer: Did um What sort of Buildings did you have um Around Say to keep your Your wood in or keep your tools in Did you have any special place for that 451: Well some people had wood houses Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: But we didn't we sat on what we call a wood pile in the back yard and my daddy has shot turkeys Wild turkeys Off the wood pile in the back yard and of course that was You know a long time ago Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: In uh the first days of this Old Community Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: But he did he shot shot turkeys. And they shot rattlesnakes in the backyard Interviewer: What what different buildings did you have around Besides your house 451: Uh well After the town began to grow up we had several store buildings and um Interviewer: But I mean on on your property 451: Oh on our property we didn't have anything except a We had a Cook house When we moved here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: And we had a Down there we had We had a backyard that was uh Separated from the Front And there was a Oh there was a Barn out there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: For A couple of cows And we didn't when we were When I was little we had horses Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: And mules And we didn't have cows And then later we had some cows I mean we had one cow just for family use for a while And while we were living down here on this street We had a cow And there was a place out there for her Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: I don't know what we called it shed house shed I guess Interviewer: Mm-hmm But 451: But it's also I think it was built originally for horses as well as cows you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: And it was a right large building and Course it kept {X} Cow feed and stuff like that in there But it's been so long a- Go you know it's just I just don't think about it anymore Interviewer: Where did you keep pork 451: Uh well Well we had fresh pork We used to That was fresh Interviewer: What about 451: And we didn't uh we didn't try to keep it And my daddy used to we used to keep hams Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: Have them cured and hang them in bacon you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: Uh But we kept it in the kitchen we didn't have a Separate house to keep things like that in For so we use we usually Went ahead and used it you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 What about # 451: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What about um Feed for For your animals Where did you keep that 451: In this Building The only time that we well uh when we were in this huge building this old big Store building up town There was a building out there for that {NS: phone rings} But I didn't Interviewer: Did you ever have any special place for keeping corn Or keeping grain 451: Mm-mm Uh we Were never Farmers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: And uh my daddy had as as I told you the turpentine stand but we just we just did family doings Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: We didn't um Keep corn Daddy used to buy peanuts sometimes just for the family to eat and I would a bag of them Just uh there was a place in the kitchen their pantry That we kept things like that in Course we didn't have We didn't buy it in loads because we just bought it for family use Interviewer: Mm-hmm But did did you ever hear of a corn crib or 451: No we never had a corn crib or anything like that Interviewer: What what is a corn crib do Do people around here 451: Well People in the country have them but We didn't Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um Talking about the barn the upper part of the barn is called a 451: We never had any barns Interviewer: Do Do you know anything about the The barn though What do you call that upper The second story in the barn 451: Well Well some people call them corn cribs Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: But we didn't have them in this area Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 What about the # 451: #2 And on back toward # Blountstown and and and the farming areas they had those things but We didn't have them around here Interviewer: What about the The part that you keep hay in #1 In the barn # 451: #2 Well we didn't have hay either {NW} # Interviewer: Do you know have you ever heard any word for that the 451: Hay loft Interviewer: Okay 451: Hay loft Interviewer: And um Say if you had too much hay to To put in the barn You might leave it outside and Take a pole and then Put the hay around the 451: Hmm Interviewer: The pole 451: {X} Interviewer: #1 Did you ever see # Aux: #2 We call that a haystack # 451: Oh Aux: #1 She'd never been on a farm # 451: #2 You see I I we # this has never been a farming section right in here and all that He lived on a farm when he grew up so he knows that sort of thing but I just don't know too much about it Course I know about hay stacks Because I've Read about them in school and I've seen them I have seen them in the country when we've Interviewer: Uh-huh 451: Driven around Interviewer: Uh-huh 451: But Aux: #1 Come on in Earl # 451: #2 It's # not uh it's not peculiar to this particular area though see Interviewer: Well it #1 You know # Aux: #2 Have a seat # Interviewer: If someone says 451: #1 Hey how are you # Aux: #2 {X} uh # Aux 2: Is that your office Interviewer: Or asks you and you know you can't I mean a lot of these things they won't have had in this area but if you {C: multiple speaker} If you've heard of {C: multiple speakers} Something that's called you know maybe up in Where {X} 451: Mm-hmm Interviewer: You know Just go ahead and {C: multiple speakers} #1 You know tell me that # 451: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 But I I guess a lot of these # 451: #2 Well # Hay stack and corn crib and Oh a little hay li- hay loft {C: multiple speakers} You know for {C: multiple speakers} For {C: multiple speakers} Storing them Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 451: #2 Course # #1 Course we heard all those things but we just didn't experience them {C: multiple speakers} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh {C: multiple speakers} # 451: Personally Interviewer: Where um Where did you keep the horses {C: multiple speakers} When you had horses {C: multiple speakers} 451: Uh Stall Interviewer: Mm-hmm {C: multiple speakers} 451: My my daddy had a stall When when I was very small we had horses Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: We had two or three And we had some mules but those {C: multiple speakers} Uh were kept except for the personal horses see Uh for riding We had a stall there at this old building when it was We had Interviewer: #1 That we had the post office in you know {C: multiple speakers} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 451: Downtown {C: multiple speakers} And uh there was a stall that I think had Um there was a building that had several stalls in it Interviewer: #1 Did you {C: multiple speakers} # 451: #2 It was open on the front but it was cl- closed you know # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: Uh on the back and on the sides {C: multiple speakers} And uh we had room there I think for about Maybe about four horses Interviewer: #1 What'd you call the whole building {C: multiple speakers} # 451: #2 But we had # We just called it the s- {C: multiple speakers} The horse stall I guess I I don't know of any other word {C: multiple speakers} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: And uh we had My daddy had a horse That he used in ride what they called riding the woods you know was he was Looking over the timbers and And supervising the work that was being done you know we called it {C: multiple speakers} That was the term he used riding the woods Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: And he had a horse that he used for that and then my mother had a personal horse that she used you know that was a {C: multiple speakers} Oh Had a buggy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: And was hitched up to the buggy and that was for {C: multiple speakers} Traveling {C: multiple speakers} Interviewer: Mm-hmm {C: multiple speakers} 451: And for riding you know {C: multiple speakers} For if she just wanted to go for a ride she'd have the horse and buggy hitched up {C: multiple speakers} Interviewer: Mm-hmm {C: multiple speakers} 451: We had colored men that {C: multiple speakers} Took care of that {C: multiple speakers} Taking care of them you know and um {C: multiple speakers} Getting them ready for her when she wanted to use them {C: multiple speakers} Interviewer: Mm-hmm {C: multiple speakers} What about um {C: multiple speakers} 451: But the others uh they had some mules {C: multiple speakers} And that we used in connection with his business and that was over there where the stair was after you moved the stair Interviewer: Mm-hmm Uh The place now that's where you turn animals out to graze You'd call that the Aux: Pasture 451: Mm-hmm Pasture uh-huh Interviewer: #1 What was that # 451: #2 Pasture # #1 P-A-S-T-U-R-E # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # And um Did you ever see a a little fenced in place inside the pasture where you Could keep cows over night for milking them maybe 451: I don't know About that Interviewer: #1 Did you ever hear of milk gap or cowpen or # 451: #2 I suppose so # Oh yeah I've heard of cowpen Interviewer: What's that 451: Well I just figured it was just a Place that was fenced off If they wanted to keep the cows up you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: They'd put her in there if they didn't want to keep her up {C: multiple speakers} Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # Aux: #2 Either they called it a cowpen or a cow lot # 451: Oh cow lot #1 Cowpen cow lot mm-hmm # Aux: #2 And usually they'd have those around the house not out in the pasture though # Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um Did you have anything else besides cows or Or horses 451: Well There have been times when we had chickens but Not too Often Interviewer: Uh-huh What about um Some The animal that you get pork from 451: Hogs Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh did did you have some # 451: #2 Mm-hmm my daddy used to # have them but he didn't have them at the house he had them over there near the In the area of this Uh turpentine still Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did he have them just running Loose or did he #1 Have them fenced in # 451: #2 No he had them fenced in # Now there was a time when he had them running loose he owned this peninsula Where the state park is you know And there was a time uh for several years he had them running loose over there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: And then he would go over Uh and get some of them and then bring them Over here and pen them up and though then Then they would Get them In or {X} Um Fit for Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: Food you know Interviewer: #1 What uh-huh # 451: #2 Cause they would feed them in different # Things than what they had over on the Peninsula If you just killed them right off the peninsula they tasted fishy Interviewer: Oh really 451: Uh-huh because that's what they ate Over there you know they ate a lot of fish And uh Seafood And they would They would taste fishy If you just kill them right off but he would bring them over here and feed them on corn and And Whatever they fed Hogs on you know to fatten them And then they would lose that taste you see Interviewer: What'd they call then pen they put them in 451: Just a pen Interviewer: #1 The hog pen or pig # 451: #2 Pigpen # Interviewer: #1 Huh okay # 451: #2 Pigpen {NW} pigpen # Interviewer: #1 And um # 451: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Where did Where did people used to keep milk and butter before they had refrigerators 451: I don't know Now some people had um We used to have an ice box Af- after the ice plant was Put up here you know that was when I was quite small Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: So we've had ice until we started uh Using electricity you know and buying our electric refrigerators We used ice boxes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: And there'd be a section for the ice and then uh All the food would be put it would keep the whole area Cold you know through those Things that you wanted to keep extremely cold you'd stick it right down there like butter Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: Usually stick it right on the ice you know right in the box Where the ice Was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: And when they'd come by they'd bring the ice everyday they'd come by and They'd saw the ice Blocks off you know according to what size you wanted And that uh The ice would come off in little chips and the kids would run up and catch that ice you know out of the chips and And uh We always looked forward to catching that ice once they sawed it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: Cause that was fun Interviewer: {NW} 451: And it was good Interviewer: Uh-huh And a a farm where they had a A lot of Milk cows and Sell the milk You'd call that a 451: Dairy Interviewer: Mm-kay 451: But we didn't have any Around here #1 We had a {X} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 451: That had to be brought in Interviewer: Uh-huh 451: Uh except those people who had a cow you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: And they depended on they provided it for themselves Interviewer: Did you ever hear of um The word dairy having any other meanings 451: Mm-mm Interviewer: Okay and um A place around the barn where you could let the The um cows and mules and Other animals walk around A fenced in place 451: Well as we said uh We probably called it cow lot Interviewer: Uh-huh And uh You know when Uh I don't guess they ever raised cotton much in this area 451: Mm-mm No Interviewer: Do you know what they call it when they go out with the hoe and they thin the cotton out Have you ever heard an expression for that 451: Well I just call it the Just call it hoeing Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 451: #2 Hoeing the cotton # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: Course it means hoeing between not Right on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever hear chop 451: Cultivating Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about chopped cotton #1 Did you ever hear that # 451: #2 No # Mm-mm Interviewer: And um You say cotton grows in a 451: There's a lot of cotton in Georgia But uh Where uh we haven't Ever had any cotton in this area Interviewer: Uh-huh But the big 451: But they used to bring it in here Uh In the old days before this town was you know When the old city was here they used to bring cotton in here and ship it on Boats Interviewer: Hmm What um Say If someone had a big area Of corn or something planted you'd say you had a corn 451: I would just say crop Interviewer: Okay or 451: I don't know Interviewer: Or just a big area You'd call that the 451: Farm patch Interviewer: #1 Okay what about # 451: #2 Well when {X} we just had a garden spot # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: You know we just called it the garden or uh corn patch if it was just corn we'd call it corn patch Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: But my daddy always had a garden Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: And we just called it the garden Plant vegetables, watermelons, some sugar cane and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: Uh all kinds of cantaloupes and All kind of stuff you know Interviewer: What what if it's a lot bigger than a patch Then what would it be 451: Well I guess you'd just call it a crop Well I a crop would be what you would uh Would realize from it of course I don't know you see #1 Your questions don't really apply # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 451: You know #1 To us # Interviewer: #2 Yes # 451: And I just wonder what value they'll be to you from Getting it from me Interviewer: Well 451: Because we have nothing to do with farming whatsoever and this #1 Area is just a # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 451: Uh we have to have those things brought In you know Except for the little gardens that people have And we had a garden for a while Over on the other street And um Uh there are a few people around who have a small Garden #1 But # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 451: As far as farming's concerned it's just I'm not #1 An authority {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 451: #1 On it and it has nothing to do with this area # Interviewer: #2 What about uh-huh # #1 Not all the questions are are that specific and you know # 451: #2 Or the whole town mm-hmm # Interviewer: Um What kind of fences did people used to have 451: Well Some had rail fences some had Well in town Out in the gar- in the Farming areas I guess they had Rail fences mostly But we had Picket fences that were you know They were pretty Interviewer: #1 What what did they look like # 451: #2 And uh # Well Uh they they would be Pieces of wood about so Just strips of wood about Interviewer: #1 Two or three inches # 451: #2 That wide maybe two or three inches wide and # Would go up in a point some of them were fancy And some of them were not And then some people would have wire fences that they bought And of course they'd have a post to tie them up to but Mostly around our houses we had Picket Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: Fences because they were attractive Interviewer: Mm-hmm 451: And uh Interviewer: Call that a 456: I don't remember {C: static} Interviewer: What What was that you just said at the end 456: Well uh We used to use A china Egg it's just a white egg made out of china was shaped like the other eggs you know Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: But I don't remember what they called it I don't remember hearing anybody calling it anything special Interviewer: Mm-hmm What would you use to carry water in? 456: Well we always had water we didn't have to we didn't have to bring it from any distance we had water piped in Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh I suppose uh when we first moved down here they probably had a well I don't know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But from the time that I can remember personally we had water piped in from the ground uh there was a Uh I've said there was an outside stairway Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: On this building uptown that's That's about as far back as I can remember cause that's that's where we were living when I can My first remembrance Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh there was a staircase that was on This side of the building and it went up to the top second floor And it went around the back of the building And um Uh There was a pump Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Attached to this pipe That came all the way from the ground you know and I used to climb over that uh Banister there was a banister around the Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: All the way Around that The this little porch on the back all the way down to the s- The staircase Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh I used to Climb over that banister when I was four Years old and slide down that banister Interviewer: {NW} 456: You know #1 All the way to the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 456: ground it was high it was way up that uh You know the in that day the The ceilings were so very high and uh The um That second story was way up here. {C: laughing} And I used to climb Climb over that you know and slide down and scare my momma to death #1 But # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 456: I did it Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: And those uh there was no kind of porch around on the front of that building there was a porch And but it was just across the front there wasn't any across the side and I'd go in some of those rooms and open that window in there and climb that on that window sill and sit there and swing my legs {C: laughing} out the side of that window It's a wonder Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Something didn't happen to me Interviewer: What'd people used to milk into 456: Pail a milk pail. Interviewer: Uh-huh What would that be made out of 456: Well I uh tin I suppose Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: It didn't the milk didn't stay in there any longer than they could get it in the house and do something with it Interviewer: #1 What about something # 456: #2 Some kind of milk # bucket I don't know. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 456: #2 They may have # used different things. Interviewer: #1 When you # 456: #2 hmm # Interviewer: talk about a bucket Are you pict- Is that the same thing as a #1 pail? # 456: #2 Pail uh-huh # Interviewer: Mm-hmm And something that you might have in the The kitchen to Throw scraps in for the hog Carry out to the hogs 456: Well We just had a A garbage pail Interviewer: Uh-huh But what'd they call that bucket that they'd They'd use for Um You know put the The scraps and the #1 dish water # 456: #2 Well we just # called it a garbage pail. Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: That's all. Interviewer: Did you ever hear um 456: Or you just make what scraps in a ball and dump it out on the ball and you know some cooking pot or something. Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: I don't know different people do different things. Interviewer: Did you ever hear um 456: Now this {NW} Uh all these these things we're talking about Things that happened a long time ago you know we don't do those things now Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever hear of swill bucket or slop Bucket or 456: Well I've heard of it but we never used it Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Used Well I have heard slop bucket too Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about um The things that people would cook in What different things did they have 456: Oh well there were some iron pots But mostly I think people used enamel ware Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever see real old fashioned things like maybe for cooking on a fireplace 456: Well I've seen some but we never cooked on fire place I never saw anybody cook on #1 the fireplace. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # What would you use nowadays say to fry eggs in 456: Mm just same thing you'd use Interviewer: #1 And what what would you call that # 456: #2 {NW} # Well frying pan Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Is that what you call it? Interviewer: Um 456: Or griddle. Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Well you know the griddle is the flat thing you cook the bread on Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: But the frying pan is Is deep enough to put the grease in #1 of course or # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: we use deep fat fryers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever see a kind of frying pan that had little legs on it 456: Mm-hmm Never had one but I've seen them Interviewer: Do you remember what that was called? 456: Those those you could sit in the #1 fireplace. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: You know But we never did it and I never we never had any Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about uh The um The big Black thing that you'd h- That people Would um Use to heat up water to boil clothes in Did you ever see one of those 456: Mm-hmm Uh pot We just called it a wash pot Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Course It wasn't we didn't wash in it Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 We just # boiled the clothes in there. And uh We used to have one when I was real small in our backyard And a colored woman came up there and Did it you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But uh Most of the time through the years we sent the clothes to the quarters it was Interviewer: mm-hmm 456: It was a little while that uh We used this pot in the backyard and then there was a colored woman that came and um Took care of them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But that's what we called it just a wash pot Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Course The actual scrubbing we used uh These Uh big old wash tubs you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: You use one for washing and one for rinsing or maybe more than one for rinsing Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did um people raise cane in this area 456: My daddy did Interviewer: #1 What did # 456: #2 He's the only # one I know He didn't raise it for making syrup or anything like that it was just for For chewing Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever see anyone make syrup 456: No I've Been um I've seen it in the movies and I've seen Where oh Relatives that lived in the country you know I've seen where they made it and I knew that they How they ground it And the horse pulling the things around you know and I've seen it I have seen Oh one time I saw some cooking Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 Cooking # the syrup. Interviewer: What'd they #1 cook it in # 456: #2 And they'd # skim it. Oh they had Huge troughs Um Some kind of metal troughs And they would skim the stuff off you know And uh As it it would go from one trough to another and they'd skim it off The s- the Waste off of it you know Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 So that it would # Be clear When you'd go through But I know so much of that I've just I think one time I saw some Somebody cooking syrup Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But I didn't see the whole process Interviewer: You know what they call that Big Thing that could hold about sixty gallons that That they'd cook the syrup in 456: I don't know They may have called it a drum. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um say if you wanted to um Heat up some water to make some tea in You might make it in a tea 456: Tea pot. Interviewer: Or the The thing that um It's got the The spout to it and everything 456: Well we just call it tea pot Interviewer: Uh-huh What about um A word that starts with a K 456: What? {C: background noise} Interviewer: A word that starts with a K {C: background} 456: I'm sorry uh I didn't understand your question {NS} Aux: Hello. 456: Hello. {NS} Aux: Uh {NS} This is my wife #1 here. # Aux 2: #2 {X} # I'm Paul Smith I {C: name should be beeped out} #1 sell {X} # Aux: #2 sells fence and # #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Barbara Rutledge. {C: name should be beeped out} # Aux 2: Hi. Aux: Have a seat #1 Paul # Aux 2: #2 Alright. # He's got a coat that's a little too big and I'm gonna Pin it up. 456: Mm-hmm I see Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a kittle or a kettle? 456: Kettle uh-huh. {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever call the wash cloth the the kettle? 456: Mm-mm {NS} Interviewer: And um Something that That you could um Put flowers in if you went out and cut some flowers you'd put them in a 456: Vase. Interviewer: Okay. #1 What if you # 456: #2 Or a # Well {C: background} Just different different kinds of containers they wouldn't even have Necessarily #1 be a vase # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: #1 {X} # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And um Say if you were Setting a the table You'd give everyone a plate and then next to the plate you'd give them a {multiple speakers} To eat with you'd have a 456: Well your silver Knife fork and spoon but Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay # 456: #2 we just # we had the same things we have now. Interviewer: What um #1 Say nowadays if you serve steak # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: I might use steak knives. Interviewer: #1 Okay and um # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Say if the You say after she washes the dishes then she what them in clear water? 456: Rinse. Interviewer: You say so she 456: Would rinse them R-I-N-S-E. Interviewer: And um the cloth or rag used when you're washing dishes 456: Call it a dish cloth or dish rag. Interviewer: Okay 456: Either way. Interviewer: And drying dishes 456: Mm-hmm Well we'd usually say #1 dish towel # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: for dr- for the 456: Ones that we use for drying. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about Bathing your face 456: Well in the old days as I said they We had this uh wash stand with #1 a pitcher in the # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: mm-hmm 456: #1 And the bowl that you would wash and if you were uh # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: outdoors There might be a Pump or a Long time ago there'd be #1 a pump outdoors as well as inside # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: And uh if you were out playing you know you but there was a pan there a wash pan there #1 And you could run wash up # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: #1 Face and hands # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: There at least your hands #1 you know before you go to meals. # Aux: #2 {X} # Yeah. We did that outside sometimes I mean out on 456: #1 back on the porch # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} 456: #1 You know near the kitchen # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} 456: But Interviewer: #1 What about a {X} # 456: #2 Course after # #1 after we # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: had um water in the house you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Uh after we had um City water Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Course we had our bathrooms indoors and And um It's just like it is now Aux: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: And that's been quite a long time Interviewer: What would you call the The cloth or rag you use to bathe your face with 456: #1 It's a wash rag # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: #1 Wash or wash rag or wash cloth # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Okay # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 And um # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Say if you were gonna Turn on the water you'd go to the sink and turn on the 456: Spicket Aux: {X} Interviewer: And um something similar to that outside that you could hook your hose up to 456: Well it'd be the same thing It'd just be an outside spicket Interviewer: Okay What about on a barrel 456: On a barrel Interviewer: Uh-huh would you call it the same use the term say on a water barrel Would you call that a spicket 456: #1 No I suppose you could I don't know # Aux: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: Okay 456: Never had one Aux: {X} Interviewer: And um Did you ever hear of a A stand of lard And um say you wanted to To pour some water into A Body with a narrow mouth something like a coke bottle you'd Use 456: Funnel. Interviewer: Okay 456: #1 {NW} # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: And if you were driving horses and wanted them to go faster you'd hit them with a 456: Whip Interviewer: And um Say if you bought some Fruit at the store down there the grocer would put it in a 456: Mm he'd just uh put it in a A bag Interviewer: Okay What would that 456: Shopping bag uh Uh-huh What would that be made out Interviewer: #1 of? # 456: #2 Or # grocery bag Usually paper If you buy shopping bags course they can be made out of anything. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um What did Say fifty pounds of flour Used to come in Twenty-five or fifty pounds 456: I don't know we never did I think I used to get them in barrels but we never did Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Buy it like that Interviewer: Or what if it's something out of cloth They'd come in 456: Flour sack Interviewer: Okay And um What about feed For cattle You know that That kind of rough cloth Do you know what I mean? Aux: {X} 456: Well you'd just call them feed sacks I suppose Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: I don't know. Interviewer: You know that that rough brown cloth 456: Oh I know what you're talking about now that um Uh {NS} You can make {C: distorted audio} Beautiful things out of those things and art things I can't remember right now I think I've been Interviewer: Did you ever call it tow sack or croker sack? 456: Croker uh-huh {NS} I don't know how it's spelled {C: static, background speech} I've just heard it. #1 I've never seen it spelled. I don't know. # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: What did you hear it? 456: #1 Croker it sounded like croker sack to me # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: #1 But I don't know how # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: #1 I don't know how it really is supposed to be that's just the way I've heard it # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: {X} Interviewer: And um Say if someone was Was gonna take some Corn to the mill to be ground Did you ever hear an expression for the amount of corn that you'd take 456: Mm-hmm I don't know it could #1 be # Aux: #2 {X} # 456: #1 Any measurement I suppose # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: {X} 456: #1 Bushel or half bushel or peck or # Aux: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: I don't know. As I said that's out of my range Interviewer: Uh What about if someone went outside to And got as much wood as he could carry With both his arms #1 You'd say he had # 456: #2 Could just say # a load of wood. Interviewer: Okay #1 Oh # 456: #2 We # had a stack of wood in the yard and we'd bring a load of wood in Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you ever call that an arm? Aux: {X} #1 {X} # 456: #2 No. # Interviewer: Huh? 456: You mean an armload? Interviewer: Yeah what would you #1 say? # 456: #2 Well # you could if you wanted to we just say load of wood. Course we We wouldn't need a Wagon load or anything like that cause it's just bringing a personal load into the kitchen. Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 Did you ever hear the # 456: #2 {X} # Interviewer: The expression a turn of wood 456: Mm-hmm Aux 2: Yeah. Aux: Oh is that right? Interviewer: And um Say if the If the light wasn't burning you'd have to screw in a new Nowadays 456: Well I I don't understand your #1 question # Interviewer: #2 That # that thing there You'd have to sc- If uh It wasn't burning you'd have to change the 456: Change the bulb? Interviewer: Okay And uh Someone's gonna carry the wash up to hang it on the line you might carry it out in a clothes 456: Clothes basket. I don't understand now what um What value Uh these questions are to you in your report? Because we live here just like they do everywhere else and we do have we have the same things we have the same {NS} I don't know we h- we probably s- Call these things the same thing you do now way back in the early days it might have been Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 456: #2 Different # Expressions but Aux: {X} Interviewer: #1 Well it # 456: #2 I just # don't understand. Interviewer: There are several different expressions Even now like um 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What you call a croker sack Um My father grew up in Alabama and he called it gunny sack 456: A what? Interviewer: #1 Gunny sack. # 456: #2 Gunny sack. # I've heard that term. {C: distorted audio} But I didn't realize that's what they were talking about. Interviewer: Uh-huh Or Um tow sack or Um There's a lot of different #1 expressions # 456: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: And then Some of these here They're just different um Different Ways of pronouncing You know 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: So it's It's pretty useful 456: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 With the # I know it sounds That some of these things you know that there couldn't be any difference in In what people would say But there really is Do you remember um On the barrel The the Things that would run around the barrel to hold the wood in place Do you remember what they were called 456: No S- My daddy used to make uh barrels Interviewer: #1 The the # 456: #2 I guess # the pieces of wood were called staves weren't they? Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: And the uh Metal band what the Metal bands that went around them to hold them together Um I don't remember Interviewer: Did you ever hear hoops or hoops? 456: Barrel hoops. Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And um Something Like a barrel that Nails used to come in 456: Keg Interviewer: Mm-kay 456: Those are those'll be small Interviewer: Mm-hmm Say if you opened a bottle and then wanted to close it back up you Might stick in a 456: {D: Huh} Well we just call them stopper. Interviewer: Uh-huh What what would that be made out of 456: Cork Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um #1 This is # 456: #2 Could be # rubber. Interviewer: Uh-huh A musical instrument that You play like this 456: Well we usually called it a harp. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But uh Or a mouth organ {NW} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: We usually said harp though. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about something that would go like this Did you ever see that 456: I don't know whether I know what you're talking about. Interviewer: Did you ever hear Jew's 456: Oh Jew's harp Jew's harp. Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Mm-hmm We usually just called it har- a harp Interviewer: And um Something that you'd you'd pound nails with would be a 456: Hammer Interviewer: And um Say if The these These questions may be a little Specific But um Talking about a wagon The long wooden piece that comes between the horses 456: The tongue. Interviewer: Okay 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And If you have a horse and a buggy You have to back the horse between the 456: I don't know I've forgotten Interviewer: And um On a wagon wheel You'd have the hub and then The spokes'd come out and they'd fit in the 456: Mm I don't know There would be uh the rim of the Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Of the wheel but I don't know of any other name for it Interviewer: Is the rim the metal part that touches the ground 456: Yeah I would think so Interviewer: Uh-huh And um Say if you have a Horse hitched to a wagon The bar of wood that the traces are fastened to Did You're not Familiar with that 456: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # Um do you ever hear swingletree or singletree or 456: Oh well I probably have but it didn't mean that Much to me Interviewer: Yeah Say if a If a man had a load of wood in his wagon and he was driving along you'd say that he was Doing what 456: Well I guess he was just transporting wood Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you ever hear of hauling wood or 456: #1 Oh hauling wood yes uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # What's that? 456: Hauling uh-huh Hauling'd be a good word Interviewer: Okay And um The thing that the The wheels of the wagon fit into that that comes across you'd call that the 456: The axle Interviewer: Okay And um Say if there was a log across the road you might say I tied a chain To it and I What it out of the way 456: I don't know Interviewer: Well you could say Pulled it out of the way or Another word you might use would be I 456: I drug it Interviewer: Okay And you say we have what many logs out of that road 456: Well You could say we have drug Interviewer: Okay And um What'd you The first thing that you'd use to To break up the ground with #1 In the spring # 456: #2 A plow # Interviewer: Uh-huh Did you hear of Different kinds of plows #1 Hear any different {X} # 456: #2 Well um # My daddy had a little garden plow Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Just a little small plow Interviewer: Mm-mm 456: And then a hand plow {C: background speech, distorted audio} or a plow that would be pulled by An animal Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about something with teeth in it that could break up the ground even finer than a plow Aux: Harrow. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of that? #1 Harrow or # 456: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: harrow? 456: yeah but I don't know too much about farming from those Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: We had a little garden plow daddy always kept a small Garden plow he did have A little hand plow and then he If he wanted to Go deeper you know he'd use a larger plow that um Used an animal to pull it It'd be too much for him Interviewer: Say if someone #1 was # 456: #2 That was # just in the garden you #1 know. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # Say if you were gonna uh Chop a log or Um Saw Saw some boards and A frame that you might set the log in Maybe an egg shaped frame Did you ever see one of those 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What if um What about something you could lay boards across to saw them 456: Well These things that they call horses don't they Two of them and lay the Boards across them Interviewer: And um You say if You'd straighten your hair using a comb and a 456: Brush Interviewer: Okay if you were going to use that you'd say you were going to 456: I'd just say I was going to brush my hair {C: distorted audio} Interviewer: #1 Okay # 456: #2 Comb it. # Interviewer: And um 456: {NW} Interviewer: You'd sharpen a straight razor on a leather 456: Strap. Interviewer: And the thing that you put in a pistol 456: Bullet Interviewer: Okay or or another name for that 456: I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear cart? 456: Mm-mm Interviewer: Cartridge or {X} 456: Oh cartridge uh-huh sure. Interviewer: And uh Something that the children can play on you take a board and lay it across a trestle and It'd go up and #1 down. # 456: #2 See-saw. # Interviewer: Huh 456: See-saw. Interviewer: Okay And if some children were playing on that you'd say they were 456: You'd say they're see-sawing Interviewer: Mm-kay And um Did you ever hear of taking a board and Fixing it at both ends and children would jump on it 456: Mm-hmm I don't know what you called it though Interviewer: Was it built kind of like a see-saw or 456: Well Uh the ones that I've seen would be Something in the middle it was fastened to But it would be loose so that it could go up and #1 down. # Aux: #2 It'd # be lower to the ground too Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about something that um You'd take a plank and Anchor it in the middle and it It would Swing around and around 456: Mm I don't know would you call it merry go round Interviewer: Mm-hmm Any older names for that Flying Jenny or #1 flying # 456: #2 No. # Interviewer: horse or 456: Merry-go-rounds {C: distorted audio} the only name #1 I know # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # And you might tie a A long rope to a tree limb and put a seat on it and make a 456: Swing. Interviewer: And uh something that you You'd carry coal in would be a 456: Well a coal bucket I suppose I {D: don't know} Interviewer: Okay And um the thing that runs through the stove up to the chimney The 456: The pipe stove pipe? Interviewer: Okay 456: But to me that is it's We called we called it chimney though we called the pipe chimney. Interviewer: Uh-huh Um Say if you were gonna move bricks or something heavy like that You might put them in a little Vehicle that Has a Little wheel up front and two handles 456: I uh Interviewer: Do you ever hear wheel Wheel Barrow or wheel barrow 456: Oh {NW} I didn't know what {X} that we called wheel barrow Interviewer: Okay 456: You know for Picking up leaves and that sort of #1 thing # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: Trash. {NS} Getting it out of the way and Interviewer: What did people use to um Sharpen their tools on 456: Uh would that be a lathe L-A-T-H-E. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Or a {NS} Interviewer: What about something that would Big thing um That would turn around and around that you could use to To sharpen an ax or something on 456: I don't know what you call it Interviewer: Grinding rock maybe. 456: He said grinding rock. Interviewer: Did you ever 456: But I don't I haven't have had many experiences with anything like that Interviewer: Uh-huh What's 456: Seen them in the movies Interviewer: Uh-huh Did you ever see something Small that you could hold in your hands And sharpen a knife on 456: A knife sharpener Interviewer: Or some Did you ever hear of wet 456: Whetstone. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 456: #2 Whetstone. # Mm-hmm Interviewer: Did you used to have those? 456: I think I have a piece in the jar now I have a little piece of something About this long that I use to Sharpen my knives Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um The thing that people drive nowadays You'd call that a 456: Hmm You mean automobile? Interviewer: Uh-huh #1 Any other names # 456: #2 We just call it # A car. Interviewer: Okay 456: Or auto Interviewer: And um Say if If something was squeaking to lubricate you'd say you had to 456: Grease it Interviewer: And so yesterday he 456: uh-huh he greased it he oiled it Or whatever you want to say - Interviewer: And if grease got all over your hands you'd say your hands were all 456: They're greasy Oily Interviewer: The say if your door hinge was squeaky you'd put a few drops of 456: Well household oil on it Interviewer: Okay And um Did you ever hear of um Anybody making a lamp 456: Mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: How how was that done 456: Well Uh we have a cousin that uh got old uh milk pails that they had long time ago you\ #1 know? # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: And they'd um Lamps out of those Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: He'd use that for the base and then he'd attach a lamp to it and put a shade on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Decorate it up you know in keeping with Base Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And so those huge old Metal uh Milk bottles that they used a long long time ago Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did 456: But uh People have made lamps out of a lot of different things it's just a variety just {D: just} Take a piece of drift wood and use it for the #1 base and # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: {D: that shone} A light to it Interviewer: Did you ever hear of people making a A lamp using a ker- uh Kerosene lamp 456: #1 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Themselves # 456: No I don't believe so We used to have kerosene lamps before we had electric lights Interviewer: Uh-huh Did you ever hear of something called a flambeau 456: Well I've heard of flambeau but I don't know what Much about it Was that a light? Interviewer: But Well so Um something that That people would make yourselves 456: Mm I don't know nothing about it Interviewer: Uh-huh And inside the tire of the car you have the inner 456: Inner tube Interviewer: And say if someone had just filled the boat and they were going to put it in the water for the first time You'd say that they were #1 going to # 456: #2 Launch it. # Interviewer: Huh 456: Launch it. Interviewer: Okay What different types of boats do people have around here 456: Well there's skiffs Those are little Small boats that they use a paddle with Or oar Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And Then they have larger boats that they use for fishing Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And um Um Then they had the larger boats still larger boats with cabins cruisers That sort of thing {C: distorted audio} Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever hear of anything called a bateau 456: Bateau uh-huh that's sort of like skiff I think Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Just another word for it Interviewer: Where do you take the the skiff or the bateau 456: We- You can take them out on the lakes or out in the bay Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Usually do well I suppose a pond or Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Whether you wanted to Course I wouldn't think you'd use them in real rough water Interviewer: Mm-hmm I was wondering if it was Something you'd use particularly in In shallower areas or 456: No I would think so You just paddle around and Not real too far out Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: With those small boats I wouldn't think Interviewer: Say if a Woman wanted to buy a dress of a certain color You'd say she'd take along a little square of cloth #1 To use with her # 456: #2 Oh a sample # Interviewer: And um If she saw a dress that she liked very much she'd say the dress was very 456: Well I don't know Attractive whatever Interviewer: Okay Any other words 456: Well you could say it was cute or it's darling or it's precious or #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 456: use all kinds of words Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Course those words wouldn't mean anything some of them Interviewer: What might a woman wear over a dress in the kitchen 456: Apron Interviewer: And um to sign your name in ink you'd use a 456: Pen Interviewer: And to hold a baby's diaper in place 456: Tabs {NW} Pampers now safety pins But most of them don't use pins anymore Interviewer: Uh-huh Um 456: They use those little Diapers with With tabs on them that will stick Interviewer: And a dime is worth 456: Ten cents Interviewer: And um If it was real cold before you went outside you'd put on your 456: Sweater or coat Jacket Interviewer: Uh-huh And um What does a man wear to church on Sunday 456: He wears his Suit. Interviewer: Okay what what parts are there To the suit 456: Well Coat and pants I guess Interviewer: Any other name for pants 456: Trousers Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about a long time ago they used to wear three piece suits 456: Vest Interviewer: Okay And um Something that a man might might wear if he was working out around the On the farm 456: You're probably talking about overalls Interviewer: Okay 456: Or jumper suits Interviewer: Uh-huh And um You say that coat won't fit this year but last year it What perfectly 456: Hmm Just say it fit perfectly last year Interviewer: Okay And say if a if a man had an important interview and his clothes weren't in very good shape He'd go out and buy a brand 456: A brand new suit Interviewer: And um if you stuck a lot of things in your pockets it makes them 456: Bulgy Interviewer: Mm-kay And you say that shirt used to fit me until I washed it and it 456: {D: drew up} Shrank I don't how you would say I wonder what the past tense for that is Would shrink Shrank I don't know whether shrank is the right word or not Interviewer: Uh-huh You say um 456: #1 Or you could # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 456: might say it has shrunk Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: It has shrunk but it shrank I think that's right I don't know Interviewer: If a woman liked to put on good clothes you'd say she likes to 456: Well she likes to dress Interviewer: Mm-hmm Would you say that about a man? 456: Yes I would think so Interviewer: What if she likes to spend a lot of time in front of the mirror and you know 456: Primp Interviewer: Uh-huh Do you say that about a man? 456: I think you can because there's some of them that primp more than women do Interviewer: Uh-huh And a little um container you can carry coins in would be a 456: Coin purse Interviewer: Mm-kay And something that a woman might wear around her wrist 456: Wristwatch Interviewer: Or a #1 Piece of j- # 456: #2 Bracelet # Interviewer: Huh 456: Or a bracelet Interviewer: Okay And say if you had a lot of little things strung up together And put around your neck you'd call #1 that a # 456: #2 Necklace. # Interviewer: Or say if it was beads you'd call that a What of beads a 456: Well you could say a string of beads Interviewer: Uh-huh Would you ever say pair of beads 456: I wouldn't Interviewer: Mm-kay 456: Because pair is two And you'd have a bunch of beads on there Interviewer: Uh-huh What did uh Men used to wear to hold up their pants 456: Oh they used to use suspenders Interviewer: Mm-hmm And To hold over you when it rains you'd carry a 456: Umbrella Parasol Interviewer: Uh-huh And the last um thing that you put on a bed 456: Spread Interviewer: Any old fashioned thing? 456: I don't know if people used to put quilts on them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But We never did we used something for over the quilt if we used a quilt Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Coverlet Interviewer: What's a coverlet? 456: Well it's a spread Interviewer: Is it something you'd Make or? 456: Not necessarily you'd buy A coverlet just like you would a spread just it just Spread is all it is Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Put on top of your sheets and your Uh covers whatever they are your Blankets or whatever you use Interviewer: Mm-hmm And at the head of the bed you'd put your head on a 456: Pillow Interviewer: Did you ever see anything um twice as long as a pillow 456: Are you talking about bolsters? Interviewer: Mm-hmm How #1 How far across # 456: #2 You'd use # The bolsters that would Go across the entire bed Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But it's not used for sleeping it's just for For mak- for using it on the bed when it's it's made up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: If it's not being used Interviewer: And um Say if you had a Um A lot of Company maybe and didn't have enough beds for everyone for the children you might make a 456: A pallet Interviewer: #1 Okay # 456: #2 On the floor # Interviewer: What different types of land are there? 456: Don't know what you're referring to Interviewer: Well say um A flat um Land along a #1 stream or # 456: #2 Oh well are you # talking about flatlands or hilly lands? Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 456: #2 Talking about that? # Interviewer: What about um 456: Well we have flat lands around here Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do but along a stream especially that's The real rich Soil good for Did you ever hear um bottom land or lowland or 456: I would guess I've heard of 'em Interviewer: What did you hear that called? 456: Well I've heard it called bottom land or lowlands Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: But we don't have them around here Interviewer: Mm-hmm What types of land 456: We just have plains. Flatlands here because we don't we don't have any hills around Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Flat country. Interviewer: What about um A grass land that's Um Maybe good for For raising cattle or something 456: Well again that's out in the country Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Our grass lands are just for Making yards look pretty and so forth Lawns Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a a meadow or prairie 456: Oh yes Interviewer: What's that 456: Hmm Interviewer: What did you hear? 456: I've heard the words Interviewer: Did did people use that Was that a common word around here? 456: Mm-mm Interviewer: Just some- just something you #1 read? # 456: #2 No # we don't have any prairies and we don't have any Any of those around here so we don't use the word very #1 much. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 456: Unless we're talking about some place else Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about um Land that's got water standing in it Good Filled to #1 the top. # 456: #2 You # talking about ponds? Lakes? Interviewer: Or something um Maybe some trees and and sort of wet Area Where you might find alligators 456: Oh Well swamp lands Interviewer: Uh-huh What do what are you talking about swamp or are you picturing something that has trees in it or #1 not? # 456: #2 mm-hmm # Swampy and water and Trees Flowers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Or just whatever grows naturally Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: In that area Interviewer: Is this fresh water 456: Well I would think so. Interviewer: Uh-huh What about the long um Along the the gulf or the bay that Um Sort of a a wet place where you have a lot of that 456: A lot of grassy stuff. Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Oh I can't think of the word that we use for that. People get out there to To Shoot the ducks Interviewer: Mm-hmm Do you ever talk about a marsh or a bayou? 456: Marsh mm-hmm Marsh lands Interviewer: Uh-huh is that That that That you were referring to 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: What about bayou? 456: Well bayou Uh to me is a is a body of water Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: We have a bayou here Uh my daughter has built Just b- recently built a home right um On the bayou Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh there Are houses on both sides all the way Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And That to me that's what bayou is Interviewer: Is it 456: It runs into the bay Interviewer: Uh-huh It's smaller than a bay? But 456: #1 Oh it's just a # Interviewer: #2 Kind of like that # 456: It's Just a narrow body of water Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 and it runs # into the bay. Interviewer: What about something that um People have made by cutting a 456: Ditches Interviewer: Uh-huh Or Say if it's big enough for a boat to go through 456: Canal Interviewer: Mm-kay And um Say if If you had a Some land that was a little bit swampy and you wanted to Get the water off you'd say you wanted to 456: Drain it Interviewer: And the things that you dug 456: Ditches Drain ditches. Interviewer: Uh-huh What about something along the The side of the road to carry the water off 456: Well those would just be ditches Interviewer: Mm-hmm And say if you had heavy rain and the The rain water cut out a little Channel Would you call that a ditch or 456: Well I don't know could be Trench? Interviewer: Mm-hmm What if the The water washed up just a huge area maybe about this wide and real deep 456: Oh well what you'd call it a wash out Interviewer: Okay And um What different types of Of say You might say we stuck a big crop in that field because the soil is very 456: Rich Interviewer: Or another word you might use The soil is very f- 456: Fertile Interviewer: Okay What different types of soil are there? 456: I don't know There are a lot of different types of soils clay Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Sand {D: look}. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Well there's a lot of different Interviewer: Did you ever hear of something called loam? #1 Or loom? # 456: #2 mm-hmm # Yes Interviewer: What's that? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: What um different Types of streams do you have in this area Or what are some of the names of some of the the streams you have? 456: Well I don't I don't know the bayous we just call bayou And uh we don't have any eh streams right Here now that there's a canal down you know a few miles from here There's another canal that um That comes um You know Out {D: back behind the bayous} Out in that that area Interviewer: Do what's the #1 name of it # 456: #2 but uh # I I don't know we just call it the canal Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Then this big canal Uh Down up toward Wewahitchka We have to cross to go to Wewahitchka we just call it the canal {X} Interviewer: Is that that There's one road um You know three Three eighty-six #1 you know that? # 456: #2 I don't # know about three eighty-six Interviewer: Well on the road from say um Around the St Joe beach Uh Up to Wewahitchka You know there's a bridge that you cross Is that crossing a river or Is that a canal or 456: Well there's a canal I think you're probably talking about the canal If you're going from We- St Joe to Wewahitchka The only way I know to go is across the canal Interviewer: Uh-huh Aux: That's in a coastal maybe 456: Well I know I don't know what it's called all I know is canal Interviewer: hmm Aux: We have two canals here One is the St Joe Canal out in Out in the bay And then a second then a coastal Canal that you cross between here and Wewahitchka out in White City That's what you call {NS} Interviewer: You mentioned a a little earlier a a branch 456: Oh that's just a little small body of water #1 that uh # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 456: It's in the swampy areas you know it might cross the road Interviewer: mm-hmm 456: Course it doesn't now because the streets are paved but we just had old dirt roads then Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh we had to cross uh Wade across #1 this # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: water to get Where we're going there were two branches that we used to cross Interviewer: Did they have names to them or? 456: No they were just branches. Interviewer: Uh-huh What about something larger than a branch? 456: Well uh Canals rivers I don't suppose you're referring to a river are you? Interviewer: I'd say uh from creek or #1 {X} # 456: #2 Creek? # Interviewer: Huh? 456: Yes. Interviewer: What's what was that? 456: Creek? A pond's the same thing isn't it Interviewer: A creek and a pond are #1 the same? # 456: #2 Aren't they # the same? Interviewer: Is that A What do you think of as pond? #1 Is that # 456: #2 I don't # know Ralph is it a creek a stream or is just like a lake? Pond Aux: A creek 456: Cross the creek Aux: A creek is a 456: #1 It's a is it a stream? # Aux: #2 {X} # It's Usually it's Larger than a what you call a branch you know or But it's a moving stream it's a running stream #1 a creek is # 456: #2 Creek. # Cross the creek uh-huh Aux: I Unless it's a Affected by tide water Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Now you do have some creeks that are affected by tide water Which is going Back and forth with the tide Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: But Ordinarily when they're not around uh Uh bay or anything like that why they They Just flowing stream all the time a creek is Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Smaller than a river but larger that what you call a regular #1 branch you know # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # What are some of the rivers that you have around here? 456: Well We don't have any right around here. We don't have any rivers close by Interviewer: Mm-hmm If if you were getting tired Or something we could Stop for a while Or I could come back later 456: Well uh It is time for lunch and I expect he's getting hungry I'm not too hungry Interviewer: Yeah 456: And I have to fix something But um Do you have many more questions? Interviewer: Yeah I'd need to come back Later some time #1 And talk some more # 456: #2 Well I # Are you going to be in this area for a few days? Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Do do you know how long you'll be here? Interviewer: I'm not real sure um I was gonna talk to um mr Lupton Some I think Friday afternoon or Saturday afternoon 456: Well this is Wednesday Well um Could we make it sometime later nearer to the time you're gonna leave Because I've just got Dozens of letters I've #1 got to # Interviewer: #2 Yeah. # 456: write And uh I've That's Uh what I was doing when #1 you came # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: in you know and uh they have got to be taken care of right away Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Because it's This uh meeting is coming up Very soon and um w- They I need answers you know Interviewer: Yeah 456: And uh so I I really do need to be Working on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: So if you will Can come back nearer to the time that you're going Planning to leave I think it'd be better for me Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: Or morning time would be better than the afternoon #1 {NW} # 456: #2 Yeah # morning would be better than the afternoon You know it'd stand up about this high Interviewer: What have you been Aux: #1 using it for? # 456: #2 But # Well I haven't really haven't used it very much uh Christmas time When I first got it Um Had all the family together singing carols you #1 know and things # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: like that and I got the children that The little things they said Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: All that sort of thing And I've recorded uh music Organ and Piano and um {NW} I haven't really haven't used it um As much as I should have Interviewer: Mm-hmm I I've never worked with a A stereo Thing at all Is does it sound very good With the music Does it give you the 456: Well it sounds real good yes it gives sounds real good but I haven't used the stereo yet Um I have to have another speaker Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And uh I didn't when I Bought it I didn't realize it required two speakers and #1 I got # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: I only got the one that that came with it But To u- to use the stereo I have to get the other speaker and I am going to do it but I like to compose music I've done a lot of things and {NW} I would like to get them on tape you know so that my daughter can have it Interviewer: What um instrument do you play? 456: Piano and organ Interviewer: Piano and organ usually. 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And you You taught that for 456: I taught piano I didn't teach organ I've let the children play Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Although a lot of times when they did real well on the piano I let them play the organ you know just a sort of reward But I didn't really teach them Interviewer: Oh There was one thing I forgot to To ask you The other day and Your How do you your first name 456: Maybel {C: this name should be beeped out} Interviewer: How do you s- 456: M-A-Y-B-E-L {C: should be beeped out} That's a little odd And because of the Y in it a lot people call me Maybelle but it isn't really {C: this name should be beeped out) Interviewer: Um We were talking about um Land Um A small rise in land you'd call a 456: Hill. Interviewer: Okay anything else 456: Well I don't know I think that's all I would call it Interviewer: And to to open the door you'd take hold of the door 456: Knob Interviewer: Do would you ever use that word knob talking about land? 456: Oh well I've {C: distorted audio} heard it used that way but um Not very #1 much # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # And something Much um Much bigger than a hill would be a 456: A mountain Interviewer: And um The rocky side of the mountain that drops off real sharp 456: Cliff Interviewer: Mm-kay and You're talking about more than one though You're talking about several 456: Oh Interviewer: #1 Or the {X} # 456: #2 You mean mountains # Interviewer: #1 Or the the # 456: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Talking about the cliff You talk about several 456: Cliffs Interviewer: And um A place where a boats stop and where freights unloaded 456: Dock Interviewer: Mm-kay any anything else 456: Oh Pier Interviewer: Okay what's the difference between a dock and a pier 456: Well I don't know I think that uh I think of a dock as being where as you said freight Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 is # unloaded And a pier Maybe where or smaller Thing oh Where Uh You tie up your small boats Interviewer: Is this um Do you picture all of this as being on the The gulf or Salt water or 456: Well it could be anywhere there's water a pond or Or a lake The bay Now we we've uh Had a railroad dock Out in our bay Years ago And we called that a dock and then there was uh Where we went swimming Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And where we tied up little small boats we called a pier And it was not as far out Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: As the dock. Interviewer: The this railroad dock Is What do you mean by that? 456: Well uh It went way out into the water and the uh The ships came in floating Materials from this area Interviewer: And there was the the railroad line that #1 went up? # 456: #2 mm-hmm # the railroad the train went all the way out But that's been quite some time ago Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Course they do have Dock out there now for the ships Come out to the paper mill Interviewer: That's that dock is right next to the Mill in there 456: I think so mm-hmm Interviewer: I saw it A big ship coming in The other day and I didn't know exactly where it was gonna Dock what Um Say if you had some some water flowing along and then suddenly it dropped over you'd call that a 456: Fall Interviewer: And um What different types of roads are there? 456: Highway Interviewer: Mm-kay 456: Um Country roads Dirt roads Truck routes {NW} What else? Interviewer: Um What um What would you call a A road that has a a fence or Trees on both sides 456: Well Probably be but a country lane Interviewer: Mm-kay you think of a a lane as something that That How how do you picture a lane 456: Well just as you said Interviewer: That's got something on both sides of it 456: Mm-hmm And a wooded area Usually Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um the black sticky stuff that they use in making roads? 456: As- No not asphalt Uh Oh I can't think of it Interviewer: Well it The stuff that comes from the the pine trees I think 456: Oh that's tar Turpentine tar Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Then when it dri- dries it's rosin Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um Something that Say if they don't have a paved road Um But they put Uh what what might they have If it's a 456: A dirt road Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay # 456: #2 Clay # road Interviewer: And what if they put little rocks on it 456: Well It could be a shell road or a Well if it's rocks it wouldn't be shell of course but Uh we did have a shell {C: distorted audio} road Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: In this town To begin with the main part of town Interviewer: Was that oyster shells or 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Seems like that would be painful to walk on 456: Well they they were ground up you know They were in just little bits Pieces But the train when I was a tiny child uh The train came right through the middle of town Interviewer: Oh really? 456: And uh It it didn't come very far Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But Well the town didn't reach very far {NW} But it did come right through Uh Main Street I can remember seeing it When I was just a tiny child Interviewer: They've kind of Do they still um Is the railroad still as important Now as it Once was 456: Um Well it's not used as much in this area There was there's still a freight train Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But there hasn't been a passenger train for a good many years And it's important to the uh Paper mill #1 brings # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: paper uh Mainly it brings wood in you know paper mill Interviewer: A road that um That leads up to a person's house 456: I don't know what you're referring to Interviewer: Well say say that The turn off from the main road that that goes up to a person's house 456: I don't know Interviewer: Well the What do you have out there where you Park your car 456: Driveway Interviewer: Mm-kay And um What about a A smaller Um Well something that That you could maybe um Drive your the cattle over Say between a house and a barn or 456: Oh I think they call that a cattle gap don't {C: distorted audio} they Interviewer: Okay And um something along the The side of the street for people to walk on 456: Sidewalk Interviewer: And um Say if you were Well the If you were walking along and some Animal jumped out and scared you you might Say I picked up a 456: Stick? Interviewer: Okay and I #1 what? # 456: #2 Hit him? # Interviewer: Or I what it at #1 him # 456: #2 uh-huh # Oh we just say threw it at him Interviewer: Mm-kay any other words that people might use? 456: Well you might say I hurled it at him Interviewer: What about chunked or #1 {X} # 456: #2 Chunked? # well chunked is used too Interviewer: Do you use that word much yourself 456: No Interviewer: How does how does it sound to you does it seem a little Uneducated or country or 456: Well I've never thought too much about it I I think uh I would prefer threw Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Instead of chunked Interviewer: Okay and say if you went to someone's house and Knocked on the door and no one answered you'd say well I guess he's not 456: He's not at home Interviewer: And um Something that that people drink for breakfast 456: Coffee Interviewer: Mm-kay and if you were going to prepare some you'd say you were going to 456: I'd just say I was going to make some coffee Interviewer: And um 456: Some people would say brew a pot of coffee Interviewer: Mm-kay 456: Or they would say that about about tea {C: distorted audio} Interviewer: Mm-hmm And talking about putting milk in coffee you'd say some people like it 456: With cream Interviewer: Okay or Or if they don't they like it 456: Well they liked it black Interviewer: Mm-kay Any other word for black coffee? 456: Well I don't know Just have Take mine without sugar or cream Interviewer: Mm-kay And um say someone was walking in your direction you'd say he's coming straight 456: To toward me Interviewer: And um if you'd gone into town and Happened to see a friend of yours that you hadn't Counted on seeing you'd say This morning I just happened to 456: Run into {NW} Interviewer: Okay And uh If a little girl is given the same name that her mother has you'd say they named a child 456: For her mother. Interviewer: And um 456: Or after her mother Interviewer: Mm-kay And these are some Animals some A kind of animal that barks 456: Dog Interviewer: Huh 456: A dog {D: and a squirrel} Interviewer: Okay If you wanted your dog to attack another dog you'd tell him to 456: {NW} Sic him on {C: laughing} Interviewer: Okay 456: {NW} Interviewer: And what would you call just a a mixed breed dog you didn't know what kind he was 456: A mongrel Interviewer: Mm-kay What about a One of those little small noisy dogs 456: Well What about him? What do you want to know #1 about him? # Interviewer: #2 Any # any special names not Not breed names but just any 456: Mmm I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear of {X} 456: Well that's a name of a breed isn't it? Interviewer: What What's a {X} look like is it 456: Oh I don't know I don't know Much about dogs Interviewer: Would you have um {X} Term for a Just a sort of worthless dog And um Say if you had a A real mean dog you might say You better be careful that dog'll 456: Well they could bite Interviewer: And you'd say #1 yes and # 456: #2 You could say # he's a bad dog Interviewer: Okay You say yesterday the dog 456: Bit Somebody Interviewer: And the person had to go to the doctor after he got 456: Bitten Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression dog bit So and so got dog bit 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Who would say that Would 456: Who would say it? Interviewer: Yeah would would you use that that expression yourself? 456: Well I don't know Probably say dog bitten Interviewer: Okay 456: I don't know I really ain't never had thought about it Interviewer: And um The kind of animal that you milk is a 456: Cow Interviewer: And um What do you call the male 456: A bull Interviewer: Mm-kay was that was that word always nice to use? 456: Well I never thought it was a very nice word Interviewer: What 456: But People use it in a lot of different ways say oh that's just bull #1 you # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: you know what you're talking about There's nothing to it Interviewer: But um Talking about the The cow that would If you didn't say bull When you were young what did you call it? 456: Well Steer? Interviewer: Would would there um Would you use a The steer to mean Would that mean the same thing as a bull 456: Well it's the same sex {NW} But I don't I don't know Interviewer: Was I was wondering if um If you said something like male cow or Something like #1 that. # 456: #2 No # I've never heard that Interviewer: Mm-kay And um A little cow when it's first born 456: A calf Interviewer: And if it's a female it's a 456: I don't know I don't think I Interviewer: Say if um if you had a cow that was expecting a calf you'd say the cow was going to 456: Going to have a calf Interviewer: Did you ever hear any other expression for that Drop a calf or find a calf or #1 {X} # 456: #2 Well # I've heard of it I've Find a calf Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Um I've heard uh She's going to calve Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 too. # Interviewer: and the Kind of um Animals people might use to plow with 456: Mules usually I #1 think. # Interviewer: #2 mm-kay # And if you had two of those hitched together you'd call that a 456: A brace Or a Or a pair Interviewer: And um The animals that you ride are called 456: Horses Interviewer: And the female is a 456: Mare Interviewer: And the male 456: Stallion Interviewer: Mm-kay any other names for that 456: {NW} Interviewer: Does the word stallion sound a little bit vulgar to you 456: No I've never thought of it Interviewer: I mean it doesn't It doesn't strike you the same way #1 bull? # 456: #2 No. # Interviewer: And um You say everyone around here likes to what horses 456: Ride Interviewer: And you say last year he 456: Rode Interviewer: And uh but I've never 456: Ridden Interviewer: And if someone couldn't stay on the horse you'd say I fell 456: Fell off Interviewer: Okay say say that whole thing Fell 456: Fell off the horse Interviewer: And a little child that went to sleep in bed and woke up on the Floor in the morning say I guess I must've 456: Rolled out of bed Interviewer: And um The things that you put on the horse's feet to protect him 456: Uh shoes Interviewer: And um a game that you play with that 456: Oh yeah horseshoes Interviewer: Did you ever see um See a game similar Only played with rings instead of horseshoes? 456: Yes uh um The game is called horseshoes though I mean the game that I know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: They use rings and #1 they # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: throw them just like you do the horse shoes But they still call it horseshoes Interviewer: Mm-kay And the parts of the horse's feet that you put the shoes on 456: The hoof Interviewer: And the plural of that is 456: Hooves Interviewer: And um Talking about sheep Um The male sheep is called a 456: Ewe Interviewer: Mm-kay That's that's a female though I think Do you know what the male is called 456: Mm-mm Interviewer: #1 What do people raise # 456: #2 What is it # Interviewer: A ram or #1 buck. # 456: #2 Oh that's # what I meant. Did you ever hear them Interviewer: #1 called # 456: #2 Oh yes # I've heard 'em called that Just Interviewer: They never had sheep around here What do people raise sheep for 456: Well for wool And for food Interviewer: Mm-kay And um Talking about hogs When it's when they're first born they're called 456: Pigs Interviewer: And then when they get a little older they're 456: Well they're hogs when they're grown Pigs and hogs are all I know Interviewer: Mm-kay what about the female 456: Mmm Sow Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay # 456: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What if she's never had pigs Do you know what she's called then 456: Hmm Interviewer: And the male Huh 456: No I don't know Interviewer: What about the male 456: Well I've heard the word boar That's another word that Offends me But uh I don't know Interviewer: What would you say if you wouldn't say boar 456: I don't know I'd just say male hog Interviewer: Mm-kay And um Say The the stiff hairs that a hog has on its back 456: Mm Interviewer: Or in a brush you know those little In a hair brush 456: Those are bristles. Interviewer: Okay And the The big teeth that a hog has 456: I don't know I can't think of it Interviewer: Or on an elephant 456: Tusk Interviewer: Mm-kay And the things that you put the food in for the hog 456: Trough Interviewer: Mm-kay 456: Or a Well you have a water trough But you can also put food in a trough Interviewer: And if you had three or four #1 of those # 456: #2 Or in a # bucket Interviewer: Mm-kay You talk about three or four 456: Three or four hogs Interviewer: Or the The trough you talk about three or #1 four # 456: #2 Oh # Troughs Interviewer: And do you have any names for a hog that's grown up wild? 456: A wild hog Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Wild boar Interviewer: Ever heard #1 pinewood # 456: #2 Not quite. # Interviewer: {D: saluda} 456: No. Interviewer: Say if um if you had a pig and you didn't want it to grow up to be a boar or a male hog what would you say you were going to do to him 456: I'm gonna slaughter him Interviewer: Or well say you You want Change him so he can't be used for breeding you'd say you were going to 456: I don't know Interviewer: Well Okay but Talking about castrating Is is there any other Expression you've heard besides castrate 456: Nope I don't know much about hogs {NW} Interviewer: Would you know what um What the hog is called after he's been castrated 456: mm-mm Interviewer: And um The noise that a calf makes when it's being weaned You'd say the calf began to 456: {D: Let's see} do the same thing that a sheep would do well I would Interviewer: Mm-kay #1 And uh # 456: #2 I don't # know whether that word's used for calf or not Interviewer: Yeah that's that's one of the words that's used for calf Um What about a cow What noise does she make 456: She moos Interviewer: And a horse 456: Hmm The donkey hee-haws {NW} I don't know {C: laughing} what the horse does Interviewer: The general noise that a horse makes 456: A neigh Interviewer: Or the one general-er than that Have you ever heard whinny or #1 Knicker # 456: #2 Yeah # I've Interviewer: {D: laugh} 456: Yeah I've heard those I've read Interviewer: What did you hear it? 456: Hmm? Interviewer: What did you hear it called? 456: Well I've uh I don't know that I've heard the word as much as I've read it I've Seen it A number of times whinny or neigh Interviewer: Mm-hmm And say if you had some Horses and mules and cows and so forth and They were getting hungry you'd say you had to Go out and feed the 456: Feed the stock Interviewer: What if you're talking about hens and turkeys and geese and so forth 456: Well Feed the poultry Interviewer: Mm-kay And a hen on a nest of eggs is called a 456: A layer {NW} Interviewer: And um A place where you keep hens 456: Mm-hmm chicken coop Interviewer: Mm-kay And you know when you're when you're eating um Chicken a bone that goes like this 456: That is the pulley Interviewer: Okay 456: Pulley bone Interviewer: And are there any stories about that 456: Yes I was a little child I was taught that you could make a wish Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: And two people hold the bones and the one that got the biggest side of the bone With the largest piece would get their wish granted Interviewer: Mm-kay What do you call the inside parts of a pig or a calf that you eat 456: I don't know A lot of different inside parts Interviewer: What what are some of the The parts that you eat 456: Oh I don't know Uh pig Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 456: #2 Well # you have a ham You have the shoulder Interviewer: #1 But # 456: #2 you can # have the r- #1 ribs # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 456: And you have back bone And just a lot of other things Interviewer: What about the the insides though 456: I don't know what you're talking about Interviewer: Well something like liver or Something like that #1 or # 456: #2 Well # Liver and lights from pork Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about the part that you sometimes eat and sometimes Stuff sausage in 456: Oh you're talking about the Mmm Well the nice word for those are casings When you put sausage in them Interviewer: Any other word for it? 456: Yes but I can't think of it Interviewer: What about a dish that you can make out of that but you have to clean it out #1 really # 456: #2 Yeah # I know what you're talking about but let's see Chitlins Interviewer: Okay Did you ever hear of um Haslet or harslet or {C: pork entrails} 456: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Pluck or 456: Mm-mm Interviewer: And um 456: What is that for What does it mean? Interviewer: I think that I've heard haslet as Like haslet stew that you could make from the liver and other things that Say if it was time to feed The stock and do your chores you'd say that it was 456: I don't know I would just say that Interviewer: #1 What # 456: #2 It's time # to feed them Interviewer: Mm-kay And um Now this Did you ever hear um Anybody call a cow Say to get her out from the pasture 456: I never did hear anybody call one Interviewer: What about um Any ever hear anybody call a calf or a Horse 456: Mm-mm Interviewer: What about um A sheep Or uh they didn't have that around here Um Do you ever hear anyone call hogs 456: I don't remember Ever hearing anybody call hogs Interviewer: Say um If you were Were milking a cow and wanted her to To stand still What would you tell her 456: Tell her to stay still Interviewer: Mm-kay Did Do you know how they get her to move her leg back And um What do you say to a mule or a horse to make them go left and right What about to get a horse started Interviewer: {NS} Say, if you were riding a {D:mule} you might hit him a little bit and tell him to? 456: Well I know a word that ain't, I used to hear when I was little was giddap Interviewer: Mm-kay 456: I've seen, I've seen that a lot too Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Giddy-up, giddy-up, giddap Interviewer: Mm-kay And to stop him you tell him? 456: Whoa Interviewer: And to back him up? 456: {NW} Interviewer: And um, say a few words. How would you call chickens? Say, when you're feeding them and you're throwing out the 456: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 feed # 456: Here chick, here chick Interviewer: Okay And um, If you wanted to get your horses ready to go somewhere, you'd say I'd have to? 456: Hitch him up. Interviewer: Okay Or, before you, you can hitch him, you have to? Put the, the gear on and everything you'd say you have to? 456: I would consider that as part of hitching him up. Interviewer: okay Did you ever hear a {X} 456: Harness. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Harness a horse Interviewer: And um, 456: Or a mule Interviewer: When you're, when you're plowing or, or driving a horse that, whatcha hold in your hand to guide him with? 456: {NW} The reins Interviewer: Okay And uh, when you're riding on horseback 456: {X} Interviewer: What do you hold in your hands? 456: Well, that would be reins too, wouldn't it? Interviewer: Mm-kay And um, what your feet are in is the? 456: um Interviewer: When you have the saddle on the horse your feet are in the Do you know what I mean? 456: No Interviewer: When, when you're riding on, on a horse um and you've, you've got your saddles, you keep your feet in the 456: Oh, in the stirrups Interviewer: #1 mm-kay # 456: #2 Oh # I, I didn't understand what you were saying, I'm sorry. Interviewer: Um, and if you raised the say, say when you're plowing them the trenches that that's cut by the plow You call those the 456: Burrows. Interviewer: And have you ever heard of um, when you're plowing with two horses the one that walks in the front having a special name 456: mm-mm Interviewer: And um, say if you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land you'd say you #1 did what to them? # 456: #2 Cleared them # Interviewer: mm-kay 456: #1 cleared the land # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Say when you, Well you haven't planted a crop but it comes up on its own, do you call that a 456: Oh, volunteer Interviewer: mm-kay and you'd say wheat is tied up into a 456: Heap? Interviewer: mm-kay and then those are tied up into a {NS} or say if you were talking about how much, huh? 456: Would it be a stack? Interviewer: okay and um 456: haystack Interviewer: Say, if you were talking about how much wheat you raised you might say we raised forty what of wheat to an acre? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: Or if you were talking about a bushel you'd say we raised forty 456: bushels Interviewer: mm-kay and um 456: Well, I don't know anything about measuring wheat Interviewer: mm-hmm 456: because we don't have any anywhere in here {NS} but I've never been around it Interviewer: Mm-hmm {X} Most of what you know about it comes from reading about it, or? 456: yeah well no, we know um, cuz we'd say bushels, pecks of corn and that sort of thing but I just, I never did know how wheat was measured never thought about it Interviewer: I was just interested there, whether some people would say bushel you know forty bushel, and some would say forty bushels. {X} 456: Well if it's more than one I'd put an S on it. Interviewer: okay and um, you'd say, if you were talking about distance, um, you'd say, "well I don't know exactly how far it is, but it's just a little"? 456: A little way, a little distance. Interviewer: And um, say if you'd been traveling and you hadn't finished your journey you might say "we still have a"? what to go? 456: Still have a little way to go. Interviewer: okay, or if its a a fairly good distance you'd say we'd 456: #1 Have # Interviewer: #2 Still? # 456: a long way to go Interviewer: And um, say something was very common and you didn't have to look for it in any special place you'd say, "Oh you can find that just about 456: Anywhere Interviewer: And if someone slipped and fell this way you'd say he fell over 456: backwards Interviewer: And this way would be? 456: Forwards Interviewer: And um, Say, if you have been fishing and I ask you if you caught any fish you might say no, what a what, no? 456: What a waste? Interviewer: Good Did you ever hear, um, hear people say, um, "no, nary a one"? 456: Well, not very nary Interviewer: #1 Who said that? # 456: #2 Well, you don't hear it as # I I don't hear it as a general thing. Interviewer: uh huh 456: Somebody says it sometimes just joking, you know? Interviewer: uh huh 456: I don't have nary a one, just in fun. I've never heard anybody use it seriously. Interviewer: No one around you uses? 456: {X} Interviewer: What would you probably say? Not a one, or? 456: mm, yeah Not a one, or not any. Interviewer: And um, what do you have to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of it? 456: {NW} Interviewer: And um, say if someone, If you knocked at someone's door and, and they called out and asked who's there, and you know that they could recognize your voice you might answer it's? 456: {NW} Well, uh, just {NS} name Interviewer: Would you, would you ever say it's me or it's I? 456: It is I. Interviewer: And um, Tell me about how, how tall you are, you'd say, he's not as tall as? 456: As I. Interviewer: Or, I'm not as tall as? 456: No that's not right Interviewer: huh? 456: oh I'm not as tall as he? Interviewer: okay And you'd say he knew that better. #1 than, than # 456: #2 than I # Interviewer: And um, You'd say if something belongs to me, then you'd say it's? 456: This is mine. Interviewer: And um, if it belongs to both of us you'd say it's? 456: Ours. Interviewer: And if it belongs to them? 456: Theirs. Interviewer: And to him? 456: His. Interviewer: And to her? 456: Hers. Interviewer: And to you? 456: Mine. Interviewer: Or,to me? you'd say it's? 456: It belongs to me. Interviewer: Okay, um Say if, uh, If you were addressing a whole group of people, what would you say? Would you use you, talking to a whole group? Or would you say you all or 456: #1 No I'd say # Interviewer: #2 y'all? # 456: you. Interviewer: Talking to 456: to a group I'd say you. Interviewer: Okay, you'd, Are you familiar with that y'all or you all, or 456: Oh, we don't {NS} We don't say that nearly as much as people give us credit for it Interviewer: #1 {NS} # 456: #2 cuz there are # times when you all is the thing you want say. {NS} Interviewer: When, when is that? 456: Or, we'd say all of you Interviewer: uh huh 456: Rather than you all. {NS} Interviewer: You don't ever say you all? 456: Well not as a general thing Interviewer: mm-kay And um, Say that there was, had been a party that you hadn't been able to go to and you were asking about the people that had gone You might ask who all {NS} 456: as who was there? Interviewer: okay Do you ever say who all was there? 456: No. I don't say, I don't say you all and who all unless there's some reason for it or unless you're doing it jokingly or something like that and I don't think most of the Southerners do. Interviewer: What about, 456: #1 We get credit # Interviewer: #2 Say, # 456: credit for it a lot more than we do it Interviewer: yeah. But if you were asking about all of a speakers remarks, you know, everything that he said, would you ever say What all did he say? 456: I don't know. I don't think I would. Interviewer: Okay. 456: I'd just ask "What did he say?" Interviewer: Okay And um, you'd say no one else will look out for them, they've gotta look out for? 456: For themselves. Interviewer: And if no one else will do it for him you'd say he better do it? 456: Himself. Interviewer: Huh? 456: He better do it himself. Interviewer: And um, what's made of flour and baked in loaves? 456: Bread? Interviewer: Mm-kay, what, uh, what different kinds of bread? 456: {NW} Oh well, that's, too many to mention There's all kinds of bread. Interviewer: What can you put in bread to make it rise? 456: Yeast. Interviewer: Do you have any special name for bread that has yeast in it? 456: Well baking powder too. Interviewer: uh huh 456: Light bread, rolls. Interviewer: What about out of corn meal? 456: Well, you can make a lot of different kinds of bread out of cornmeal. Muffins, Interviewer: #1 ho- # 456: #2 {NW} # cake, um, uh, muffin bread, all in one, you know {NS} Or patties, corn patties, or Interviewer: uh-huh 456: Or pones. And then you can mix it with flour Interviewer: uh-huh 456: make different kinds of breads. Interviewer: Have you ever heard of a corn dodger? 456: Yes. Interviewer: #1 Hush puppies. # 456: #2 {NW} # About the same thing. Corn dodger and hush puppies about the same thing I think. Interviewer: Is there any? 456: It's dropped into, fried in deep fat. Interviewer: {NW} 456: I think dodgers Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 456: #2 is that # I've never used the word dodgers. Interviewer: Um, Say, say that there's two kinds of bread, there's some homemade bread and then there's 456: Bakery bread. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, What's something that's fried in deep fat and has a hole in the center? 456: Donuts Interviewer: Are there different names for different kinds of donuts, or? {NS} 456: Well, some of them are plain and some of them are fancy. Interviewer: mm-hmm 456: Different flavors, and some of them have fruit in them and Interviewer: mm-hmm. 456: Just variety Interviewer: And um, something that you can make up a batter of and fry three or four for breakfast 456: Pancakes. Interviewer: Any other name for them? 456: I guess uh, frit- no Well the smaller ones you might call them fritters. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Um, griddle cakes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, tell me about how much, much flour might be in a sack, you might say a sack might contain five or ten 456: Pounds Interviewer: And um, The inside part of the egg is called the? 456: Yolk. Interviewer: And the color? 456: Yellow. Interviewer: And if you cook them in hot water you call them? 456: Boiled. Interviewer: Boiled? what? 456: Just boiled eggs. Interviewer: What if, um, if you crack them and let them fall out of the shells into hot water? 456: Well, some people poach them that way. I don't. Interviewer: And um, what kind of, we're talking about pork now, what kind of, um, what would you call the fat salt pork that you might use for for boiling with greens? 456: Well, you can call it white meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Or side meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Or white pork. Interviewer: Side meat is, is fat? 456: I think so. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, when you cut the, the side of a hog, what do you call that? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever, um, hear the expression, um side of bacon or #1 middle of bacon? # 456: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: {NS} Which would, would you call that a side or a middling? 456: Well it depend on what you wants. Interviewer: What's the difference? 456: I don't know. I don't know anything about middling. I've heard side a lot. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: Sometimes my husband will buy a side of bacon. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about the kind of um, meat that's already sliced to, to cook with them, in bags? 456: Cured bacon. Interviewer: Okay. And um,the outside of the bacon is called the? 456: The rind. {NS} Interviewer: And um, Say if you, if you took the trimmings and sliced them up and ground them you'd make? Maybe stuff in the casing, you'd? 456: Oh, it'd make sausages. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: what you're talking about? Interviewer: And um, the person that sells meat is called the? 456: Well, um, um, butcher. Interviewer: Okay. And if meats been kept too long you'd say the meat is? 456: Spoiled. Interviewer: And um, after you butcher a hog, is there anything you can make with the meat from its head? {NS} 456: Oh, sauce is one word for it, and hogs head cheese is another word Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What, what was it called when you were growing up? #1 {X} # 456: #2 Hogshead # cheese I believe. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you ever hear of anyone making anything out of liver? Maybe like cooking and grinding it up? 456: Um, liver, um pâté or something like that. {NS} I don't know, I don't haven't had any experience with it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um, did you ever hear of anything that had the blood? 456: Yes, I heard of blood pudding #1 from # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 456: one family {NS} used to live close to us. but, I don't know anything about it {X} Interviewer: What, um, what was that, blood pudding, you , you serve that for one, one family? 456: There was French family that lived across the street from us that used to make blood pudding. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: But I don't know a thing about what it was like, or anything about it except that they did make it and they were crazy about it. Interviewer: Hmm. But they were, they were French? 456: {NS} Interviewer: Um, did you ever hear of anything called scrapple or pon haus or cripple? 456: {NS} Interviewer: Say if you had butter and that was kept too long you'd say that it was? 456: Rancid. Interviewer: And um, the thick sour milk that you'd keep is? 456: clabber, or Interviewer: okay 456: If you churn it, make buttermilk {X} Interviewer: Is there anything you could make with clabber? 456: #1 Cottage # Interviewer: #2 Besides? # 456: Cheese. Interviewer: Huh? 456: Cottage Interviewer: #1 okay. # 456: #2 Cheese # Interviewer: And the first thing you do after milking is you have to? 456: Strain it. Interviewer: Okay. And um, something sort of like a fruit pie only has several layers of fruit and pastry in it? 456: Cobbler? Interviewer: Okay. And um, What might you call milk or cream that you can mix with sugar and nutmeg and you pour over pie? 456: {NS} Milk? Interviewer: But, I was wondering if you'd call it a sauce or a dip or a 456: Well Interviewer: dressing, or? 456: {NS} I suppose it'd be, {NS} depend on how you did it. {NS} Course you could make sauces out of the, those things. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, say food taken between regular meals, you'd call that a 456: Well snacks, or. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And um, you'd say this morning, I what breakfast at seven oh clock? 456: Ate. Interviewer: And yesterday at that time I had already? 456: Eaten. Interviewer: And tomorrow I will? 456: Will eat. Interviewer: And um, say if you were real thirsty you might go to the sink and pour yourself a? 456: Glass of water. Interviewer: And you'd "say the glass fell off the sink and"? 456: Broke. Interviewer: And so you'd say "somebody has"? 456: Broken. Interviewer: Okay. And, I didn't mean to 456: Didn't mean to break it. Interviewer: And um, if you were real thirsty you might say I what a lot of water? 456: Drank. Interviewer: And um, you might ask me, how much have you? 456: How much, how much did you drink? Interviewer: Or how much water have you? 456: Have you drunk. Interviewer: And um, say dinner was on the table and the family was standing around the table, you'd tell them to go ahead and 456: No, go ahead and eat. Interviewer: Well if they're standing up you'd tell them to? 456: Well, have a seat Interviewer: Okay. And um, say, say somebody walks into the dining room you'd ask them, won't you, what down? 456: Won't you sit down. Interviewer: And so you'd say, so then he? 456: Then he sat down. Interviewer: And, nobody else was standing because they had all? 456: Sat down. Interviewer: And um, say if you want someone not to wait until the potatoes are passed over to them you'd tell them just go ahead and? 456: Just go ahead and eat. Interviewer: Or, to, talking about, you're offering them something, you'd tell them to just go ahead and? 456: Have this Interviewer: Okay. Um, did you ever say take some, or take out, or help yourself? 456: Well, you could say all of those things. Interviewer: What would you probably say? 456: Well, I don't know. I'd just probably say "have some." Interviewer: Okay. And um, if someone offered you some food you didn't want you'd say? 456: Thanks, I don't care for it, or Interviewer: okay. And if foods been cooked in {NS} Say if foods been cooked and served a second time you'd say that it's been? 456: Warmed over. Interviewer: And um, say you put food in your mouth and then you begin to? 456: Chew. Interviewer: And um, Something that is made up of ground up corn and you might have it for breakfast? 456: Grits. Interviewer: okay. What about something made out of corn by leeching the outside husk off? Maybe with lime water? 456: Oh, lyed hominy Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, did, when you were little, did, did y'all call that, um did you, the grits, did you ever call that hominy, or? 456: No, we never did. We always said grits, but I have heard people call it hominy. Interviewer: Uh-huh, I mean the finely grounded #1 {X} # 456: #2 Uh-huh. # Yes. Interviewer: And 456: Or I've heard them say hominy grits. Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh. # 456: #2 They'd # Use both words Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um, something that's um, it's made from the inside of a grain, it's white and people in China and Japan eat it a lot? 456: Rice? Interviewer: Okay. And um, do you have any names for um, whiskey that people would make themselves, or? #1 {X} # 456: #2 Moonshine. # Interviewer: Huh? 456: Moonshine. Interviewer: Okay, any other names for that? #1 Did you? # 456: #2 Oh. # Outlawed, uh, whiskey. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about beer? 456: Well, yes. Interviewer: Any names for beer you make at home? And um, say if something was cooking and made a good impression on your nostrils you'd tell someone just? 456: Smell that. Interviewer: Okay. And um, you mentioned syrup. What about something similar to syrup only maybe a little thicker? 456: Um, I don't know, sorghum? Interviewer: Mm-kay, um, did you ever call it molasses? 456: Molasses? Interviewer: What's the difference in your mind between syrup and molasses? 456: Well, molasses is, {NS} We've never had much experience with it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you, um, ever hear the terms long sweetening and short sweetening? 456: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # And, you say, um, so this isn't imitation people syrup, this is? Interviewer: {NS} You'd say this isn't imitation this is? 456: Genuine. Interviewer: And um, do you remember when sugar wasn't prepackaged but when it was weighed out of a barrel? Um, the expression that that they'd use they'd say sugar was sold? 456: I suppose it was sold by the pound. Interviewer: Okay. And um the sweet spread that you might put on toast in the morning? 456: Oh jelly? Interviewer: Okay. And what do you have on the table to season food with? 456: Salt pepper. Interviewer: And um, say that there was a a bowl of apples and a child wanted one he'd say? 456: Well He'd just probably say may I have an apple? Interviewer: And um say {NS} you might say he doesn't live here, he lives? 456: There. Interviewer: Or? 456: Or over there. Interviewer: Okay do you ever hear over yonder? 456: Yes. Interviewer: What's what does yonder mean? 456: Well in the distance I suppose. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do you do you ever use that expression? 456: No well I don't think so. Interviewer: Okay. And um {NS} say if uh if a person had a lot of peach trees you'd say he had a peach? 456: Orchard. Interviewer: And um, you might ask somebody if that's his orchard and he'd say no I'm just a neighbor then he'd point to someone else and say he's the man? 456: Who owns it? Interviewer: And um you'd say when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child? 456: Whose father was wealthy. Interviewer: Okay. And um {NS} the inside of a cherry the part that you don't eat? 456: Pit. Interviewer: And um what about in a peach? 456: {NW} Oh I would say seed. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you know there's there's one kind of of peach that is real easy to to get the flesh off the seed? 456: {X} I don't know. There are a lot of different kinds of peaches. Interviewer: What do you call the kind of peach that you have to cut the seed out of? 456: That's a cling peach isn't it? Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about the other kind? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear freestone or soft peach or? 456: Yes well I thought freestone was uh the name of the peach though. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The the brand type? 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And the part of the apple that you don't eat? 456: The core. Interviewer: And if you um cut up apples and dry them you say you're making? 456: Well dried apples. Interviewer: And um what kinds of nuts do you have? 456: Well around here we have pecans. Mostly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Anything else? 456: I don't know there maybe a few walnuts somewhere in the area. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: I don't know But, uh mostly well um I don't think they're really a lot of nuts in this town. I have a couple of trees. But I don't think there are really very many nuts around here. Interviewer: Do you know um talking about the walnut you know there's um There's two coverings on the walnut. Do you know what what you'd call that outside covering? 456: Just call it a shell. Interviewer: Okay what about the inside covering? 456: Don't know. Interviewer: And um kind of fruit that that Florida's famous for? 456: Oh oranges. Interviewer: And um say if you 456: Citrus red. Interviewer: Say if you had a bowl of oranges and one day you went in to get one and there weren't any left you'd say the oranges 456: They're all gone. Interviewer: huh? 456: Oranges are gone. Interviewer: And um what sort of things do you- do you grow in a garden? 456: Vegetables fruits. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What are some of the vegetables that you grow? 456: {NW} Well turnips mustard collards those are greens Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: tomatoes radishes {NS} squash. I said that already. {NS} String beans peas golden peas Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Just a variety of things and And all of those things would grow around here if you planted them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: You know in garden spots. Not too many people have them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What um, do you call those little tomatoes that don't get any bigger than this? 456: Um, Well, they may be called salad tomatoes uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Or Rose tomatoes. Interviewer: Rose tomatoes? 456: Mm-hmm. And I don't know what else. Interviewer: And um 456: #1 Miniature. # Interviewer: #2 Um. # Mm-hmm. Something that will make your eyes water if you cut it? 456: Onion. Interviewer: And um those little onions that you pull up and and eat? 456: Oh green onions #1 or # Interviewer: #2 okay # 456: spring onions or whatever. Interviewer: And um you'd say along with your meat you might have a baked? 456: Oh potatoes? Interviewer: #1 okay what different kinds # 456: #2 Is that what you'd call them? # Interviewer: potatoes are there? 456: Well uh Irish potatoes or {X} white Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: And there's sweet potatoes which can be red or they can also be white. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Depending on the variety. Interviewer: What are some of the varieties? {NS} 456: I don't know we call them yams sometimes. Interviewer: #1 Is that a # 456: #2 But that's a sweet potato # Interviewer: Does that mean sweet potatoes in general or one particular variety or? 456: Mm-mm. I don't I don't know I just they're sweet potatoes. I think of them as yams. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um something that is a green vegetable that's um, sort of bristly on the outside and sticky on the inside and? {NS} 456: Uh what are you referring to? Interviewer: I'm thinking of okay- 456: Okra? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um what different kinds of of um beans do you have? 456: {NW} Well you mean in a garden? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Well string beans pole beans or butter beans Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Lima beans. Interviewer: What's the difference between butter beans and lima beans? 456: Well I don't {NS} know Now we like the speckled butter beans and we usually think of those as being butter beans. Of course there are {NS} the little white ones and the little green ones. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: But uh we usually think of those as lima beans. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And I really don't know what the difference is. The smaller green 456: #1 The # Interviewer: #2 ones # 456: smaller green ones we usually think of as lima beans but Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: I think uh they're also called butter beans sometimes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um if you wanted to get the the beans out of the pods by hand you'd say you were going to? 456: Shell the beans. Interviewer: And um tell me about lettuce um say if you say if you went to the store to buy some lettuce you'd ask for maybe two or three? 456: Heads. Interviewer: Okay. Would you ever use that term heads talking about children? Say if you had five children would you ever say you had five heads of children? 456: Oh well I don't think most people would. Interviewer: Have you ever heard that? 456: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 Jokingly or? # What about say someone who had fourteen children you might say he had a? What of children? 456: I don't know. I might say he had a slew of them! Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 456: got a batch of them. Interviewer: Huh? 456: A batch Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: A bunch Interviewer: Did you ever hear the expression passel? 456: No. Well I guess I have too. Interviewer: #1 Do people use it? # 456: #2 But no. # Interviewer: And um, the kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob? 456: {NS} Well, it's uh, ro- roasting ears, or, Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: well, that's if you roast them. But, You can just call it boiled corn. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, 456: Or baked. You can bake it and eat it off the cob. Interviewer: The outside of the ear of corn is called the? 456: The shuck. Interviewer: And the stringy things? 456: Um, the silks. Interviewer: And the, the thing at the top of the corn stalk? 456: The top of the corn stalk? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. The little thing that grows up there. 456: I don't know. What is that? Interviewer: Did you ever hear tassel or tassel? {C: pronunciation} 456: Oh Yes, that's the si-, that's the silk. That's the silk. That uh, the part that's hanging out on the top. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: #1 Yeah we call it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 456: tassel or tassel {C: pronounciation} Interviewer: And um, a large, um, thing that, that you could, orange maybe, that you could make um, pie out of at Thanksgiving? 456: Oh, a pumpkin? Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: #1 And like you said # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 456: An orange {NW} A large orange that you can a {NW} Interviewer: Um, and what different kinds of melons do you raise? 456: Well, muskmelon, {NS} Um, cantaloupe. Interviewer: What's the difference? 456: Well, {NW} I don't think there's a lot of difference in those two. Interviewer: Are they both, um, orange and yellow on the inside? 456: Mm, yes. Interviewer: #1 Do, do they have # 456: #2 No no no # there are other kinds of melon, like uh honeydew and that sort of thing, that's white on the inside. Interviewer: Mm-hmm, what do 456: And those long ones, um, some kind of melon. {NS} I don't think of the name for those right now. Interviewer: #1 But there are # 456: #2 Gonna say # watermelons Interviewer: Like what different kinds of watermelons are there? 456: Well there's a variety {X} just like there is in everything else. Some of them are small, some of them are large. And some of them are solid green and some of them are striped. We used to call the striped ones, uh, {C: pronunciation of striped} {NW} uh rattlesnake Interviewer: mm-hmm 456: And uh, I don't know the names of watermelons Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, the little umbrella shaped thing that grows up, um, in damp places? 456: Toadstools. Interviewer: Okay. Any other name for that? 456: Well, they're mushrooms, but uh, you could say that they are different. Interviewer: How are they different? 456: But they look, they look pretty much the same except the mushrooms of course are- are much smaller than those toadstools. Some of them's toadstools get that big. Huge. And they just spring up all of a sudden. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: All over the place. Interviewer: Can you eat toadstools, or? 456: Well I've never heard of anybody doing it. Interviewer: Oh you, you can eat mushrooms can't you? 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Say if um, someone had a really bad sore throat you'd say um, "he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat and he couldn't"? 456: Couldn't swallow? Interviewer: Okay so he could chew it but he couldn't? 456: Swallow. Interviewer: And um, the thing that people smoke, made out of tobacco? 456: Pipe- oh wait a minute {NW} Cigars? Interviewer: Okay. #1 And # 456: #2 cigarettes # Interviewer: And um, say if someone, um, asked you if you were able to do a certain job you'd say "sure I'd do it, sure I-" 456: Sure I can. Interviewer: Okay. Or if you weren't able to you'd say "No I"? 456: Mm Just say you couldn't. Interviewer: Okay. You'd- you'd say well I'd like but I just? 456: Well, it might be any number of reasons. So it would depend on what your reason would be. Interviewer: Okay. And um, Say if, you might say um, "In a situation like that he what to be careful? He" 456: He has to be careful. Interviewer: #1 Or talking about- uh-huh # 456: #2 He should be careful, or # Interviewer: Or you might say he should be careful or you might say he What to be careful? 456: He ought to be. Interviewer: Okay. And um, Say if a if a boy got a whipping, you'd say "I bet he did something he"? 456: Shouldn't have done. Interviewer: #1 Or using the word "ought" # 456: #2 Naughty. # He ought not have done? Interviewer: Okay. And um, Say if you're, if you're refusing in a very strong way to do something you might say, "no matter how many times you ask me to do that I just"? #1 What do it? # 456: #2 I just # can't do it. Interviewer: Or I just? 456: Won't do it. Interviewer: Okay. And um, say if someone asked you if, if you'll be able to um, do something for them you might say "well, I'm not, I'm not sure if I can do it or not but I"? 456: I will try Interviewer: Or I might? Would you ever say might could do it? 456: No, I wouldn't. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, talking about kinds of, of animals now, The kind of bird that can see in the dark? {NS} 456: Owl. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} What do they call the um, the, little owl? 456: Mm, baby owl I suppose. Interviewer: #1 Or the # 456: #2 I don't know # Interviewer: You know there's 456: Owlet? Interviewer: Well, well say, say they're two different kinds of owls, you know there's the, the smaller one, it makes a real scary noise. Maybe they'd be around a barn or some place and then there's a bigger one. 456: Hoot owl. Interviewer: Mm-kay. There's there's the hoot owl's the bigger one now, do you know what they call the smaller one? #1 Do you know # 456: #2 Unless # they call it an owlet. Interviewer: Okay, look, I'm thinking of something like um, squinch owl or squooch owl? 456: #1 Screech? # Interviewer: #2 Screech # 456: #1 Screech # Interviewer: #2 Huh? # 456: owl. Interviewer: Okay. 456: I've heard screech owl. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, the kind of bird that drills holes in the trees? 456: Woodpecker. Interviewer: Have you ever heard him called anything else? 456: Wood knocker? Interviewer: Mm-kay. Did, did people say that, or? 456: Uh, I think they usually say redheaded woodpecker. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear of people calling them peckerwood? 456: Hmm. Interviewer: You ever heard that word, peckerwood, in any? 456: I don't remember hearing it. Interviewer: What do they call um, the real big woodpecker? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: And um, have you ever heard of, heard of something like a shirttail or a woodhen or a woodcock or a woodchuck? 456: Well I've heard woodchuck, but, but, Interviewer: #1 not as a woodpecker. # 456: #2 No. # Not of as just a woodpecker. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, what kind of black and white animal has got a a strong smell? 456: A skunk. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other name for him? 456: Well, a wild kitty. Uh, some kinda kitty, I don't Interviewer: Did you ever hear of pole- 456: Polecat Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 Is that the same? # 456: #2 Skunk # polecat mm-hmm yeah that's the same thing. {NS} Excuse me, I'm sorry. Interviewer: And um, say some animals had been coming in and raiding your hen roost, um, and you didn't know exactly what kind they were, is there any one name you'd you'd use to refer to just wild animals? 456: Uh, possums? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But would you um, say, that it could be possum, or a skunk, or a wildcat, or just a number of things. Would you ever just, just have one general name? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of varmint? 456: Varmint? Interviewer: uh-huh. 456: Yes. Interviewer: What do you think of as a, as a varmint? 456: Oh, I don't know, it could be most any kind of a, an animal that would do that kind of thing, I'd guess. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would you think of a rat or a mouse as being a varmint? 456: I don't know, I suppose he could. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the bushy tailed animal that gets up in the trees? 456: Squirrel. Interviewer: What different kinds of squirrels are there? 456: Well, they're fox squirrels and they're, um, cat squirrels I think. Interviewer: Okay. 456: They're called. Interviewer: What's the difference between the fox squirrel and cat squirrel? 456: Well I think that this cat squirrel is a smaller squirrel I think the fox squirrel is a- is a larger, much larger squirrel. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: I really don't know much about them. Interviewer: And um, what about something kind of like a squirrel but it can't climb trees? {NS} You ever heard of a ground squirrel or a chipmunk? 456: Yeah. {NS} Interviewer: What's that? {NS} 456: Well I guess that's what it would be. A ground squirrel or a chipmunk. Interviewer: Is, okay um, have you heard it called either? 456: Yes I've heard them called that. I don't know whether it's the same thing or not. Interviewer: uh-huh. And um, what sort of fish do you get around here? 456: Well, I think mullet's the main thing, But we get all kinds of fish. {NS} Mackerel, red fish We get crabs and shrimp and all kinds of seafood. Like that. {NW} It's just a variety of fish. Interviewer: What about something that has uh the shells on it, pearls are supposed to grow in? 456: Oysters. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And what sort of freshwater fish do you get? 456: Well we get perch, and bream, and uh, catfish. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Mostly. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And something that you might hear making a noise around a lake at night? A little thing about maybe this big? 456: Oh, yeah, you mean frogs. Interviewer: Okay. 456: Well, you don't, you can hear them most anywhere. Interviewer: What do you call the, the real big frogs? 456: Uh, bullfrog. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And what about the little tiny ones? That get up in the trees maybe. 456: I don't know. There are little tiny green frogs and sometimes they'll get in the house. {NS} And then there are just some medium sized frogs but I don't know what you call them, specially. Just frogs, Interviewer: What about the kind that, that um, hops around on the, on the land? It doesn't get up in the trees and it doesn't get in the water. 456: Well those are usually, I don't know if there's any special name for them, they're just They're smaller frogs and not the big, um, bullfrog type. Interviewer: But the brown ones, that stays, would that just be a frog too? 456: I'd just call it a frog. Interviewer: And um, something that you might, in a freshwater stream, if you picked up a rock you might find one of these things. It's got a hard shell to it and it's got pinchers and if you touch it it'll swim away backwards. 456: You mean crabs? Interviewer: Well, it's sort of um, I guess it sort of resembles a lobster. But it's, it's a real tiny thing. 456: It's a crawfish? Interviewer: Okay. And um, what might you dig up to go fishing with? 456: Well, {NS}, Fishing worms that come out of the ground. Interviewer: Any different names for different kinds of worms? 456: We just called them fishing worms. Interviewer: That's a pretty big, um, industry around here isn't it? 456: Well, {NW} not right in town, but out of town. I think they're a lot of people who, who sell them. Interviewer: And um, a little fish that you might use for bait? 456: A minnow. Interviewer: Is that uh, have you ever heard of a shiner? 456: Yes. there's a place, um, on the road to {X} where they cultivate those. Shiners. Interviewer: What's the difference between a shiner and a minnow? 456: I don't know, I just imagine it's well I think of them as being about the same thing, but it I guess it's real shiny and I. The minnows are too. I don't know if there's any difference at all. Interviewer: And um, something that is a hard shelled thing, it can pull it's neck and legs into it's shell. 456: Turtles. Interviewer: huh? 456: Turtle. Interviewer: Okay, is that um, on land or in water? 456: Well it can be either. And another name is tortoise. And there's a There's uh, one that is similar to that that is a larger thing. I think it stays on land. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Um let's see, they had races every year in Panama City. Interviewer: Oh really? 456: Oh, what are they called? It's like a turtle but its a lot larger. Interviewer: Uh-huh. The tortoise, does that stay on land? 456: I think it could be on land or in water. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear of the gopher? 456: Oh that's what I was trying to think of. Gopher. They had gopher races in Panama City every year, I think the fourth of july or something. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is that the, the kind that can dig, or do you know? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever um, hear maybe it's an is an old fashioned expression or something? Terrapin or Terrapin or? {C: pronunciation} 456: Terrapin. Mm-hmm. Terrapin. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Was that a 456: #1 Well that's a # Interviewer: #2 land or water? # 456: Turtle, I don't know if it's land or water. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Well I mean I think it can probably be either. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about cooter? did you ever hear that? 456: No, I don't know about cooters. {NW} I think I've heard cooters referred to as, uh, lice. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: You know I'd say "she's got cooters in her hair." Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um, kinds of insects now kind of insect that flies around the light and tries to fly into the light? 456: Moths. Interviewer: Okay, um, So you'd call that a? 456: I'd just call it a moth. Interviewer: Okay. You ever hear candle fly, or? 456: Yes. Candle fly. It's the same thing. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um, the kind of insect that has a little light in it's tail. 456: Lightning bug. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, an insect that um, I don't really know how to describe it, it's got two pairs of of shiny wings. 456: A butterfly? Interviewer: No it's got four wings in all. And it's um, shiny wings. And um, it's got a sot of a hard beak to it. And you find it around damp places. 456: I don't know what that is. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a mosquito hawk or snake doctor or 456: Oh yeah, we have mosquito hawks. Is that what your talking about? We just call it mosquito hawk. That's the only name I know for it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Did you ever hear dragonfly? 456: Yes, but I don't know what it is, or Interviewer: And um, kind of um, what kinds of insects will sting you? 456: Well ants will sting. Bees will sting. {NS} I was trying to think of something else but I can't think of it right now. #1 Hornet. # Interviewer: #2 What about the kind that # Okay. 456: Hornet's nest. Interviewer: And um, {NS} something that's sort of like a hornet? Auxiliary: Good morning. Interviewer: Morning. 456: Getting the mail? {NS} Auxiliary: Yeah you got some. {NS} {X} Interviewer: Something sort of like a hornet. 456: Yellow jacket. Interviewer: Okay, does the yellow jacket, where does he build his nest? 456: Well, um, on porches, or they get inside the house sometimes. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Sometimes you can find them inside. Or in outhouses. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What about um, another um, sort of bigger thing than a yellow jacket? Did you ever hear of wasp? 456: A wasp? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: Yeah they'll sting you too. Interviewer: Okay. And the plural of that is? 456: Well just W-A-S-P-S. What, what would you? I'd says wasps. It's hard to make it sound plural. Interviewer: Okay. And um, something that that builds a nest out of mud or dirt? 456: uh, dirt dauber Interviewer: Okay. Do they sting? 456: I don't know. I wouldn't want to get close to one. {NW} Interviewer: And something that flies around at night and bites you and? 456: Mosquitoes. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the little insect that um, the little tiny red that that'll get in your? 456: Sugar Interviewer: Huh? 456: Your sugar. Ant? Talking about sugar ants? Interviewer: What about something that'd just get on you, say if you went what, walking through the woods or something and? {X} 456: Red bugs? Interviewer: huh? 456: Red bugs. Interviewer: Okay, any other name for that? 456: Well, I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. And um, what would you say if it hops around in the grass? 456: Grasshoppers. Interviewer: Have you ever heard those called hoppergrass? 456: {NS} Interviewer: And um, say if a room hadn't been cleaned in a while, up in the, In the ceiling in the corner, you might find a? {NS} 456: Find a wasp nest Or spider webs Interviewer: Okay. And something like that outside, maybe built across a bush? 456: Still be spiderweb. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the part of the tree thats underneath the ground? That's called the? 456: The roots. Interviewer: And um, have you ever heard of of using certain kinds of roots or vines for medicine? 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Do you remember what, what roots were used? 456: Well I don't know of any roots around here that would be used for medicine Interviewer: You don't 456: In this area Interviewer: You don't ever remember, say your parents um, having any sort of home remedies or? 456: There's uh, some kind of wild fern. That my daddy used to make, used to make a sort of um, {NS} a lotion or something. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: But, I don't know the name of it except that it's a wild fern. We used to get it out of ditch-y areas. Swampy areas. That's something I know of, around here in this area {X} would've been used for medicine because we used, well we have turpentine trees. Pine trees, or, get turpentine from them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: But not from the roots. Interviewer: And um, the kind of tree that you tap for syrup. It wouldn't grow around here I don't think. 456: Well, maple. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What would you call a big group of these trees growing together? 456: I don't know, maybe you'd say maple forest or maple grove? I know I haven't {NS} Interviewer: What sort of trees grow around here? 456: Pears and plums and, {X} {D: and Gandham and} Oaks, {NS} cedars. Interviewer: And uh, a pine tree that, 456: Flowering trees. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about a kind of tree that has got um, white scaly bark and, it's got, um, little knobs or balls on it. 456: I don't know, what is it. Interviewer: It grows around water? Some of the time. 456: Is it a white oak? Water oak? Interviewer: Or, it's got these little balls on it. And you can peel the bark off. Did you ever hear syc? 456: Sycamore? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um the kind of tree that George Washington cut down. 456: Cherry. Interviewer: And um, a bush or shrub that, it might grow along a a road or by a fence and the leaves turn bright red, early. And it's got clusters of berries on it. 456: Oh you're not talking about holly are you? Interviewer: No the, the leaves turn red. 456: {X} There's just a lot of different {NS} plants, trees that the leaves turn red red. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Not talking about maple are you? Interviewer: Let's say if um sumac or shumache or 456: I don't know. S-U-M-A-C-H-E I've seen it but I don't know what it is. Interviewer: Do you ever hear 456: If we have any around here I don't know about it. Interviewer: And um, the kind of bush or vine that'll make your skin break out if you touch it. You know some people are allergic to it and if you if it brushes against your skin then you get a rash? 456: Mm-hmm. They don't, I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear of poison? 456: Poison ivy and poison oak. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Do you know what those look like or what the difference is? 456: {NS} No, uh, there's a, there's a little bit of it down the street here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: My friend showed it to me one day. I think she said that {NS} some of it might have three leaves on it I believe and some four. And uh, I mean they just grow, those leaves grow right together. And I think that one is three and one is four but I'm not sure about that. Interviewer: And um, kinds of berries that, well say, a red berry you might make shortcake out of. 456: Strawberries. Interviewer: And um, berry that has a rough surface, um. Some of them are red and some of them are black? 456: Rough surface? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: You talking about red, uh, blackberries? Interviewer: Or, another thing is? 456: Uh, boysenberries Interviewer: Or ras? 456: Uh, raspberries? Interviewer: Okay. And um, say if you were walking through the woods and saw some berries and you didn't know what kind they were you might tell someone you better not eat those, they might be 456: Poison. Interviewer: And um, do you have anything, I don't think it grows around here, but are you familiar with um either of the terms mountain laurel or spoon 456: #1 Oh yes. Uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 laurel? # 456: Those are very beautiful. Mountain laurel. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Do they have any of them around here? 456: {NS} Interviewer: What about something a little bigger than that? Do you ever hear laurel or rhododendron? 456: Yes. We don't have it round here. It's in the mountains. Interviewer: Uh-huh And um, say if a married woman didn't wanna make up her own mind about something, she'd say I have to ask? 456: I have to ask my husband. Interviewer: Okay, any joking way she would refer to him? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: And he would say I have to ask? 456: My wife? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And a woman whose husband is dead is called a? 456: A widow. Interviewer: Okay, and if her husband has left her then she'd be a 456: Oh, Well a long time ago, I haven't heard that word in a long long time I used to hear people say grass widow. Interviewer: Mm-kay 456: If they were separated, you know. I-I-I don't know if anybody ever uses that anymore or not. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um, your mother and father together are called your 456: Parents. Interviewer: And um, what did you call your parents? Or what do people call, say, their father? 456: Well, they may say father, they may say dad, they may say daddy, they may say pa, they may say pa. {C: pronunciation} {NS} Interviewer: What do people usually say? 456: I don't know, uh, I think most people say daddy. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Is that what you said when you were small? 456: When I was very small I used to say papa. Interviewer: Okay. 456: But, uh, after I grew a little bit older I started saying daddy. from then on we said daddy. Interviewer: And um, what did you call your mother? 456: I called her mama, or mama stone. Interviewer: And um, what about your, your father's father would be your? 456: Grandfather. Interviewer: And his wife would be your 456: Grandmother. Interviewer: What did you call them? 456: I didn't have any. Interviewer: #1 Or what what # 456: #2 But uh # I would've I probably called them grandfather or grandmother, I don't know. Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: A lot of people say grandma and grandpa. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: And say a lot of other things. Like gam and gran and granny. Interviewer: Uh-huh And um, something on wheels that you can put a baby in and it'll lie down. 456: Carriage. Interviewer: And, you put the baby in the carriage and then you go out and. 456: Well you could call it a stroller too. Interviewer: But, can 456: Um, or a Well you could say perambulator or something. Interviewer: A baby can't really lie down in a stroller though, can it? 456: Well, no, not those little small strollers, but some of the large ones are called strollers. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You say you, you're gonna go out and what the baby? 456: Take him for a run. Interviewer: Okay, would you say you're gonna ride the baby, or, roll the baby, or wheel the baby, or? 456: Well, you could say any of those. Interviewer: What, how would you probably say that? 456: {NW} I think I'd just say I'd take the baby out for a stroll or a ride. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And uh, if you had two children you might say you had a son and a? 456: A daughter. Interviewer: Or a boy and a? 456: Boy and a girl. Interviewer: And um, if a woman was expecting a baby, you'd say that, that she was? 456: Expecting or pregnant. Interviewer: Okay. And um, anything people used to say? Did they say pregnant went you were growing up? 456: #1 Mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 Did you hear that word? # 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: There was nothing um, 456: Course you kinda said it behind the corner.. Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Out of sight. Interviewer: Any joking expressions? 456: I don't know any of them. Interviewer: And um, if you didn't have a doctor to deliver a baby, 456: A midwife. Interviewer: And um, say if a boy has the same color hair and eyes that his father has, and the same shaped nose, you'd say that he? 456: He resembled his father? Interviewer: Okay. What if he has the same behavior? Same mannerisms. 456: I don't know, you'd say he's being much like his father. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, if a woman's looking after three children until they're all grown up you'd say she's? 456: She has raised her children. Interviewer: And um, 456: #1 Or reared them. # Interviewer: #2 If a child # Okay. And um, if a child's misbehaving, you might tell him "you're gonna get a" 456: Spanking. Interviewer: Anything else you'd say? 456: Well, It depends on who's saying it. Interviewer: What would a man say? 456: A switching, or a railing, or a belting, I don't know. Depends on the people. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, a child that's born to a woman that's not married, is called a? 456: Oh, illegitimate. Interviewer: Any other names? {NS} What did people used to call it? if they didn't say illegitimate? {NS} 456: I don't know I can't think of the word. Interviewer: Did you ever hear bastard or 456: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 456: Mm-hmm. Some other word sounds a little nicer than bastard though I can't think of what it is. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear any, um, sort of country or old-fashioned expressions like Grass colt or sunday baby or bush child or? 456: {NS} Interviewer: And um, you'd say your brother's son'd be called your? 456: Nephew. Interviewer: And um, a child that's lost both parents would be a? 456: Would be an orphan. Interviewer: And a person appointed to look after the orphan would be his? His legal? Legal guar- 456: Guardian, uh-huh. Interviewer: And um, you'd say "she has the same family name and she looks a little bit like me but actually we're not"? 456: We're no relation. Interviewer: And um, {X} the, the name of the mother of Jesus. 456: Mary? Interviewer: And George Washington's? Uh-huh. 456: Martha. Interviewer: And um, 456: You mean George Washington's wife? Interviewer: Yeah Um, did you ever hear the song Wait Til the Sun Shines? You remember the name of that? Or the nickname of Helen starting with an N? 456: For Helen? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: Starting with an N? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: {NS} Interviewer: I was thinking about the name Nellie. 456: Oh. Helen, Nellie, uh-huh. Interviewer: And um, a nickname for a little boy named William? 456: Will, Willy, or Bill? Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Billy? Interviewer: And um, the first book in the new testament? 456: Genesis. Interviewer: Or the new testament? 456: Oh I'm sorry. First book in the Bible is Genesis, first book in the New Testament is Matthew. Interviewer: And um, a woman who conducts school is called a? 456: Teacher. Interviewer: And um, {NS} do you know what they used to call a barrel maker? 456: Mm-mm. Interviewer: But, it's a family name. Do you, um, are you familiar with the name Cooper or Cooper? 456: Not in relation to making barrels. Interviewer: Well, have you heard that just as a family name though? 456: Cooper? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: Cooper, yes. Interviewer: How, what would you call a married woman who had that last name? She'd be 456: She would be Mrs. Cooper. Interviewer: Okay. And um, a preacher that's not very well trained and just sort of preaches here and there and is not very good at preaching. You might call him a? 456: I don't know. You might call him a hack. Or a quack. Interviewer: Did you ever here the expression {D: shay tree} or jackleg? 456: Uh-uh. Oh yeah I've heard jackleg. #1 Jackleg # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: preacher, yeah. Interviewer: What does that mean? Is that 456: I don't know I suppose it's one that's not too well prepared. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Just kind of springs out. Nothing much. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Anything else you'd say that about besides a preacher? Would you talk about a jackleg lawyer or a jackleg teacher? 456: I suppose it could be applied to a lot of different things. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, what relation would my mother's sister be to me? 456: Your mother's sister would be your aunt. Interviewer: And um, the name of the wife of Abraham? 456: Sarah. Interviewer: And um, a boy named Bill, his full name would be? 456: William. Interviewer: And if your father had a brother by that full name you'd call him? 456: Call him uncle Will, Uncle William, Uncle Bill, or whatever, whatever they were calling him. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um, President Kennedy's first name was? 456: John. Interviewer: And if your father had a brother by that name? 456: Well, you'd say Uncle John. Interviewer: And um, the highest rank in the army? 456: I don't know whether it's general or colonel. General, I suppose. Interviewer: And the person in charge of a ship is a? 456: Captain. Interviewer: Huh? 456: Captain. Interviewer: Did you ever here um, that word captain used in other situations? Like um, black people using it to write people that they worked for? 456: Yes. Uh-huh, I've heard people say captain. And uh, and it's used uh, uh, when you're saying he's something real special you can say he's a captain. I've heard it used that way. Interviewer: Just about anybody? 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And a person who presides 456: I mean, ah, somebody that's just real unusual just wanna say let's give him some special title you know he should be a captain, you know? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: I've heard it used that way. Interviewer: And um, the person who presides over the court is called a? 456: Judge. Interviewer: And a person who goes to school is a? 456: A student. Interviewer: Would you use that um word student talking about say a uh second grader? 456: Pupil, I would think. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, the woman that works in an office and does the typing and so forth is the? 456: A secretary. Interviewer: And a man on the stage would be an actor. A woman would be a? 456: Actress. Interviewer: And if you're born in the United States your nationality is? 456: American. Interviewer: And um, what different words are there for black people? 456: Well, you can say nigger, you can say black, you can say colored. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Would 456: They want to be called black, now. Interviewer: That's a pretty recent? 456: And uh Slang is nigger. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Is that 456: Or {X} Interviewer: The word nigger, is that always insulting? 456: Yes, it is. I think, well I mean, it may not be intended, Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: to be insulting, it it could be that people are just used to the term and they don't really mean it to be insulting but it sounds insulting. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other um, slang terms? 456: I don't know. I can't think of any. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Um, what would you call your race? 456: White. Interviewer: Okay. Any other names for, for white people? 456: Caucasian, I guess. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about a child that's born, um, with one parent black and the other parent white? 456: Well, that one is of mixed blood. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Did you ever hear the term, um, Scotland? 456: In collection with a mixed breed? No, I haven't. But there is a word, I can't think of it, that would indicate that. can't think of it right now. Interviewer: What about, um, {NW} say if um, if a black person wanted to insult a white person? What would he call him? 456: Black person wants to insult a white. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Like if a white person wanted to make a a black person may call him a nigger, but is there anything a black person say? To a 456: Well, I don't know, we called them whites. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about um, any terms like um, cracker, or peckerwood or, um 456: Oh white #1 cracker. Yeah, # Interviewer: #2 Redneck or # 456: well I've heard white cracker but I didn't think of niggers especially {NS} using that term. {NS} Interviewer: What's a white cracker? 456: White cracker is a, refers to, a real underprivileged Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: character. Of the white race. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Any other expressions referring to, to people who haven't had much education who are kind of poor? 456: I don't know I don't think of anything right now. Interviewer: Do you ever hear poor white trash, or? 456: Yes. {NS} Poor white trash. {NS} Especially in the days of reconstruction. {NS} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. That was the, um, 456: Oh the word that we use mostly now would be underprivileged. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But that's 456: Referring to them. Interviewer: That's not insulting. 456: No that's not, that's not insulting, no. But refers to those who don't have much opportunity. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What would you call someone who lives sort of out in the country and, and um, who doesn't get into town much and when he does come into town everybody notices him, you know? Any, any special um, terms for someone who lives way out in the backwoods and? 456: Well, {X} country bum, uh, I don't know, if they're from the hills you can call them hillbillies. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: #1 But get # Interviewer: #2 Couldn't # 456: we don't have any hillbillies in this area because we don't have any hills. Interviewer: What about the term hoosier? 456: Hoosier? Well that {NS} think about Indiana {NW} relation to hoosier. We don't use that expression here. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, say if it was, not quite um, say that at a party you look at your watch and see that it's around 11:30 or so you'd say, "well, we'd better be getting home it's what midnight, it's? 456: It's near midnight. Interviewer: Okay. 456: Close to midnight. Interviewer: And um, {NS} say in a real ice over outside and you were out walking you'd say, that ice is pretty hard to walk on. I I managed to keep my balance but a couple of times I might 456: Slipped? Interviewer: Huh? 456: I nearly slipped? Interviewer: But using the expression "might to"? 456: Might to have slipped. Interviewer: Okay. And um, if someone's waiting for you to get ready and calls out and asks if you'll be ready soon you might answer "I'll be with you in"? 456: In a moment. Interviewer: Or in just? 456: Or in a jiffy? Interviewer: Okay. And 456: In a shake. Interviewer: Okay. And um, this part of my head is called my? 456: Forehead. Interviewer: And um, this is my? 456: Hair. Interviewer: And, on a man, the hair here would be a? 456: A beard. Interviewer: And this is my? 456: Ear. Interviewer: Which one? 456: Left ear. Interviewer: And this is my? 456: #1 Right # Interviewer: #2 My # 456: ear. Interviewer: And this is? 456: Mouth. Interviewer: And? 456: Neck. Interviewer: And then the? 456: Adam's apple? Interviewer: Or this ol' 456: Talking about this? Interviewer: #1 Now this whole thing is # 456: #2 Just call my neck. # Interviewer: Okay the 456: Throat. Interviewer: Okay, 456: Throat. {NS} Interviewer: Any other name for Adam's apple? 456: {NS} I don't know. Is there? Interviewer: You ever heard goozle? 456: I don't {NW} I guess I have. But uh, not, I didn't realize it was in reference to that. Interviewer: Hat did you heard it, well, 456: I don't know, I've just heard the word. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And, these are the? 456: Teeth. Interviewer: And one? 456: Tongue. Interviewer: Or? 456: One tooth. Interviewer: And um, the flesh around your teeth is the? 456: Gum. Interviewer: And um, this is a? 456: Hand? Interviewer: And two? 456: Two hands. Interviewer: And, this part of your hand is your? 456: Is your palm. Interviewer: And this is the? 456: Fist? Interviewer: And two? 456: Two fists. Interviewer: And um, any place where the bones come together. You'd call that a? 456: Joint. Interviewer: And, on a man, this part is the? 456: The chest. Interviewer: And these are the? 456: Shoulders. Interviewer: And, this is the? 456: Knee, I mean, Interviewer: The whole 456: leg. Interviewer: And this is the? 456: Foot. Interviewer: And, I have two? 456: Feet. Interviewer: And um, this real sensitive bone here? 456: Is the shin bone? Interviewer: Uh-huh And, say if um, if I got down in this position, you'd say? 456: Squat. Interviewer: Any other terms for that? 456: Oh, yes there are but I can't think of them right now. {C: lots of noise in previous line} {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear the expression hunker? 456: Mm-mm. Interviewer: Or, did, did you ever here a name for the, the back part of your thighs? The haunches or hunkers or? And um, say if somebody'd been sick for a while you'd say Well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit 456: Oh, pale? Interviewer: Okay. {NS} 456: Peaked. Interviewer: Okay. 456: I don't know how you spell that. {NS} Interviewer: And someone who's in in real good shape, who can lift heavy weights and so forth, you'd say he's? 456: He's in fine health. Interviewer: #1 Okay or # 456: #2 He's in # fine shape Great shape. Interviewer: He's big and? 456: Big and strong. Healthy. Interviewer: What um, when someone's a little bit overweight you'd say he's? 456: Fat. Or, Interviewer: Do you use the word stout or husky or? 456: Stout. I don't think of husky though as being fat. I just think of somebody's being healthy and strong. Interviewer: #1 What about # 456: #2 Husky # Interviewer: What about 456: Large, in stature, he might be large in stature. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: But I don't think of him as being fat. I think of husky as you know, kind of firm. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about stout? 456: Stout, is bad. Interviewer: Okay. 456: It's um Or you can say chunky. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Or you can say A little on the fat side, there're just different different ways. Interviewer: #1 What about um, # 456: #2 What about um # Interviewer: Would you ever use 456: #1 Or # Interviewer: #2 the word # 456: pleasingly plump. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you ever use that word stout talking about butter that was turning bad? 456: I don't know I've never heard it used that way. Interviewer: And someone who's really easy to get along with? {NS} 456: Pleasant, agreeable. Interviewer: Okay And, someone like a teenage boy who seems to be all arms and legs? 456: Oh, lanky? or, gawky? Interviewer: Okay, what about someone who's always dropping things? 456: Clumsy. Interviewer: Okay. And a person who just keeps on doing things that don't make any sense? You'd say he's just a plain? 456: I don't know, goof. Interviewer: Would you ever use the word fool? 456: No, I don't like to use the word fool. But, goof, goofy, Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: or something like that. Interviewer: And um, someone who has a lot of money but really hangs onto it, won't spend any, you'd say he's a? 456: He's {D: stingy} {NS} or he's stingy. Interviewer: #1 Or he's a # 456: #2 or he's close # Interviewer: Or he's a, what? 456: Or he's, {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever hear tight? 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Tightwad? 456: Tightwad, uh-huh. Interviewer: And um, when you say that a person is common, what does that mean? 456: I don't know, I think it can mean different things. When you say common people you just think they're ordinary. Common people. But, if you can you say, you can use it in a way that's Not very uh, flattering. He's common. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Means he's, he's {NS} I don't know how to express it Interviewer: It's 456: But it's not very flattering to say someone is common. But on the other hand you can say the common people and you're, it is not derogatory. Interviewer: But when you use it about an individual, it's? 456: Uh-huh, it {NS} can be kind of deflating. {C: noise in previous line} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What if you say a girl is very common? 456: She's very common. Well you're not, you're not recommending her. Interviewer: Does it have #1 special, uh-huh # 456: #2 very ordinary, nothing # special. Interviewer: Does it take on a special meaning when you talk about girls being common? 456: Well it could mean that she's not a very nice person. I mean, it has been used that way. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um, say there's an older person who's, who still gets around real well, doesn't show his age. You'd say that he's? 456: Spry. Interviewer: Okay. And um, say if your children were out later than usual, you'd say? "Well I don't guess there's anything wrong but still I can't help feeling a little?" 456: Uneasy? Interviewer: Okay, and you might say its gonna be #1 alright just # 456: #2 a little worried. # Interviewer: Huh? 456: A little uneasy or worried. Interviewer: Or you might tell someone, "Just don't"? 456: Just don't worry. Interviewer: And um, you might say "I'm not going upstairs in the dark, I'm"? 456: Afraid. Interviewer: And um, say, "I don't understand why she's afraid now, she"? 456: She's protected. Interviewer: First, meaning um, that, she hadn't been afraid before, you might say "I don't understand why she's afraid now she" Using the expression "used to be," how would you say that? 456: Well, some people say it that way. Used to be afraid. Interviewer: Or, meaning that, #1 meaning the opposite # 456: #2 she has been # Interviewer: used to be, that That, previously she wasn't afraid but now she is you'd say? She? 456: I don't know what you mean. Interviewer: Well, would you say she um, she used to, she wasn't afraid or, um she didn't used to be afraid or usen't to be afraid or? How would you say that? 456: Well, just like you said it. She didn't used to be afraid. I've heard it used that way. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, 456: But I thought you said the opposite of that? Interviewer: {NS} Um, if somebody leaves a lot of money on the table and then goes out and doesn't even lock the door you'd say he's mighty? 456: Careless. Interviewer: And um, you'd say there's nothing really wrong with Aunt Lizzie but sometimes she acts kinda? 456: Peculiar. Interviewer: Okay, any other words? 456: Funny, strange. Interviewer: Would you ever use the word queer or 456: #1 Queer # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Huh? 456: Yes. Interviewer: What, how would you use that? 456: Well just like you said there. Sometimes she seems a little queer. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: A little strange, a little odd. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Well, a lot of expressions you could use that mean the same thing. Interviewer: Do people use that expression queer now as much in recent years as much as they used to, or? 456: I don't know. I don't hear it very often. Interviewer: #1 Has it taken # 456: #2 Peculiar, # I hear peculiar more than I hear queer. Interviewer: Uh-huh Has the word queer taken on a different meaning now? {NS} That you know of? 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: {NS} And um, somebody who who makes up his own mind and then there's there's no use arguing with him, he won't change his mind, you'd you'd say that he's mighty? 456: Uh, stubborn. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Anything else? 456: Well, determined. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, somebody that you can't joke with without him losing his temper? You'd say he's mighty? 456: {NW} Touchy. Interviewer: Mm-kay. You'd say "I was just kidding. I didn't know you'd get so"? 456: So angry. Interviewer: And um, if somebody's about to lose their temper you might tell them though "just"? 456: Keep your cool. No, that's not my expression. But, you do hear it a lot, today. Interviewer: What, what else might you say? 456: Get calm. Interviewer: Okay. 456: Stay calm. Interviewer: And um, if someone's, if you've been working very hard you'd say that you're very? 456: Tired? Interviewer: Any other 456: Worn out? Interviewer: Huh? 456: Worn out? Frazzled? Interviewer: Okay. And um 456: All in. {NS} Interviewer: Say um, you might say um, "he came home early from school because he"? He what sick? 456: Because he was ill, or because he finished his work. Interviewer: Uh-huh, but say if someone had been well and suddenly you hear that uh they've got some disease you'd say, um you might say "well he was fine yesterday when was it that he"? What sick? 456: Took sick? Interviewer: Okay. And um, say if someone went outside in, in the rain and or bad weather and came in was sneezing and his eyes were running you'd say that he? He had? 456: Caught a cold? Interviewer: Okay. And if it affected his voice you'd say he was? 456: Well, Interviewer: You'd say he's a little bit? 456: Hoarse? Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And if you got like that you'd say you have a? 456: Cough. Interviewer: And um say if you got someone's medicine and then you went in and noticed the medicine was still by their bed you might ask Why haven't you? 456: Taken your medicine. Interviewer: And the person might say I already? 456: Have. Interviewer: I already 456: I have taken it. Interviewer: An hour ago I? What some? 456: Well I took it an hour ago? Interviewer: And, in another hour I'll? 456: I will take it. After a while. Interviewer: And um, if someone can't hear at all you'd say that they're? 456: {D: Deaf.} Interviewer: Huh? 456: Deaf. Interviewer: And um, say if a man had been out working in the sun and he takes off he shirt and he saw it wet he'd say "look how much I"? 456: Have perspired. Interviewer: Okay. 456: Or he might use the word sweat. {NW} Interviewer: How would he say that? Look how much I? 456: I don't know how you'd say it in the past tense. I don't know whether sweated is a good word or not. Interviewer: Does that sound like what you'd? 456: I don't know I'd say perspired. Interviewer: Okay. And um, uh, a lump that is sore that comes to a head is called a? 456: A rising or a boil. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, the stuff that drains out? 456: Puss. Interviewer: And uh 456: Would you excuse me just a minute? I have to run to the bathroom. Interviewer: Um, you might say "a bee stung me and my hand"? Did what? 456: Oh it swelled up I guess Interviewer: And um, {X} and if a bee stings you your hand will 456: Will swell. Interviewer: And um, when you open a blister, the liquid that drains out is called? 456: I don't know. I'd just call it water. Interviewer: Okay. And um, say if someone got shot or stabbed you'd you'd say you have to get a doctor to look at the? 456: Wound. Interviewer: And um, you know sometimes a wound won't heal back right. It's gotta be cut our or burned out. Have you ever heard that called anything? 456: Yes. But I can't think of the word. Interviewer: You ever heard it called some kind of flesh? proud flesh or? And um, uh, the brown liquid that you might put on a cut? 456: Oh, iodine. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um, something they use to take for a fever. A real bitter, white powder? 456: {NS} You're talking about quinine if its malaria fever you'd use quinine but not with just, general fever. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And say if someone was shot and didn't recover you'd say that he? 456: He died. Interviewer: Any nicer ways of saying that? 456: {NS} Well, passed away. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Interviewer: Ways of saying it? 456: {NW} Well passed away. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Expired. Interviewer: What about any crude ways of saying that? 456: {NW} Well kick the bucket. {NW} Interviewer: And um, you say well oh he's been dead a week and nobody's figured out yet what he died. {NS} 456: Well, wouldn't be very good English to say what he died of. Don't know nobody's been able to figure out what killed him. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Or what caused his {NS} him to lose his life. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um And places where people are buried is called a? 456: {NS} A cemetery. Interviewer: Any other names for that? 456: Graveyard. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And uh what they put the body in 456: {NW} A coffin. Interviewer: Or 456: Or in in the ground Interviewer: Or in #1 Would you call a # 456: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Coffin now or the fancy metal thing, you call that a coffin? Is there any other name for that? 456: I suppose so but we usually say coffin. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say he was a an import- #1 man # 456: #2 Well you say oh # He used to say a box Interviewer: Okay 456: Put him in a box #1 but # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 456: Think coffin sounds nicer than a box. Interviewer: Uh-huh Say uh the ceremony at the cemetery is called a 456: A funeral service. Interviewer: And um if people are dressed in black you say that they are in 456: Mourning. Interviewer: And um On an average sort of day someone asks you how you're feeling you'd say 456: I feel fine. Interviewer: And um the disease symptom or when- people when they're getting older um and their-their joints start giving them trouble, they say they've got 456: Rheumatism or arthritis. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um This is a disease that uh people used to get and and children would die from it. They'd um get a really bad sore throat and they'd choke up. 456: Diphtheria. Interviewer: Mm-kay And a disease that makes your skin and eyeballs turn yellow 456: Um yellow jaundice, is that? Interviewer: Mm-kay 456: Is that what you're thinking about? Interviewer: Do you ever hear that called anything else? 456: Uh yes I have but I don't remember Interviewer: {D: Janders?} Did you ever hear that? 456: {D: Janders} {C: pronunciation} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: Or jaundice. Interviewer: Okay. And um could you have a pain down here and you had to have an operation you'd say you 456: Appendicitis Interviewer: Any old-fashioned name for that? 456: I don't know Interviewer: What about um say if someone ate something that didn't agree with them and it came back up you'd say they had to 456: He had to Oh vomit or throw up. Interviewer: #1 Which one doesn't # 456: #2 Doesn't sound very good either one of them. # Interviewer: They both sound pretty bad? {NW} Does one of those terms sound nicer than the other? 456: Oh I don't know. I don't think there's much difference. Interviewer: What about a really crude term? 456: Upchuck #1 Mm-kay # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # And um if a person vomited you'd say he was sick #1 where? # 456: #2 Mm-hmm # To his stomach Interviewer: And um say if a boy was spending a lot of a time with a girl he kept going over to her house and everything you'd say he was 456: Dating her. Interviewer: Okay. Anything people used to say? 456: Going steady. Or I don't know going steady goes back a right good way Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: A long time ago they used to say court Interviewer: Okay. 456: He was courting her. Interviewer: And um he would be her 456: Boyfriend, gentleman friend. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Or Interviewer: And she would be his 456: Sweetheart. Interviewer: And um 456: A girl. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And if the boy came home with lipstick on his color his little brother would say that he had been doing what? 456: I'd say he'd been necking #1 I guess # Interviewer: #2 Okay. # 456: {NW} Interviewer: And uh if when the girl stops letting the boy come over to see her, he'd say she 456: Who knows? Quit dating. Interviewer: Okay. And say um he asked her to marry him but she 456: She refused. Interviewer: Any other expressions? 456: Turned him down. Interviewer: Okay. And say they were engaged and all of a sudden she 456: They were engaged and all of a sudden she broke it off. Interviewer: Okay. 456: Called it off. Interviewer: Say at the wedding the boy that stands up with the groom is called a 456: The best man. Interviewer: And the woman that stands up with the bride 456: Is the maid of honor or the matron of honor. Interviewer: Okay. And uh After a wedding or at least a long time ago they used to sometimes um fire off rifles and ring cowbells and make a lot of noise. Do you know what that was #1 called? # 456: #2 Celebrate # Interviewer: Uh-huh. Did you ever hear the term serenade or shivaree? 456: Oh serenade you mean after people got married? Interviewer: Uh-huh 456: Mm-hmm. Serenade is a word that's more familiar to me. {NW} Interviewer: What does serenade mean? 456: Well they used to uh go to the house and outside you know sing and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: And uh tease them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: {NS} Maybe play instruments like guitars and whatnot, ukuleles. Interviewer: Was this um 456: We call it serenading. Interviewer: Was this to the um couple after they got married? 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: And um Say if if there was trouble at a party you might say the police came and they and arrested the they didn't arrest just one or two they arrested the 456: Well, we'd just say the crowd. Interviewer: Okay. Or the 456: Or the group Interviewer: Okay. Um but maybe they arrested everybody there you'd say they arrested the 456: Well you'd say the entire group I suppose. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 456: #2 The whole party. # Interviewer: And um say if you were down um say if you were like going to Miami last weekend you'd say last week I was I went #1 What? # 456: #2 To # Interviewer: Hmm? 456: Just went to Miami. Interviewer: Would you use the word um down or over or up any of those words help? 456: Well it is south. And you might say down but I wouldn't I'd just say I went to Miami. Interviewer: Uh-huh. What about say you were talking about Panama City? 456: I'd just say the same thing. Interviewer: #1 Okay. # 456: #2 Up # or down I don't think is necessary. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And uh 456: Or if you're in the north you could say I went down south that would be different or we'd say here we went up north. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. But just for the cities around here you wouldn't? You don't think you'd use #1 it? # 456: #2 Mm-mm, I don't think I would. # Interviewer: When um young people go out in the evening and move around on the floor to music you call that uh 456: They would do what to music? Interviewer: Move around on the floor. 456: Oh dance. Interviewer: Mm-kay What different um types of dances did there used to be? 456: {NW} Different kinds. Way back was the Virginia reel there was the what they call a hoedown Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: And barn dances {NW} and the round dance common ballroom dancing Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What was the hoedown? 456: A hoedown was a I think it was a country dance you know they just I guess it's because a hoe is an instrument that has to do with the country you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: Usually think of the country when you think of a hoe. {NS} It's just the expression hoedown Interviewer: Mm-hmm 456: country dance. Interviewer: Was it sort of a wild dance? Were they pretty active? 456: Well I imagine they were active but I wouldn't think it'd be a uh a bad kind of dance. Interviewer: Yeah. Um. 456: It was just a good country fun Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: Time. Interviewer: Say um if children get out of school at four o'clock you'd say at four oh clock school does what? 456: Closes or uh school is out. We usually school is out at four oh clock. Interviewer: And um after vacation children might ask when does school 456: When does school close uh-huh. Interviewer: #1 Or # 456: #2 Think of # Interviewer: When it um. You say the day after Labor Day is when school After vacation Then you want to know when does school 456: When school opens again? Interviewer: Okay. Um. And if if say a boy left home to go to school and didn't show up to school that day you'd say that he 456: He He went to school but he didn't I mean he left home to go to school. He played hooky. Interviewer: Okay. And um You say after high school you go on to 456: College. Interviewer: And after kindergarten you go into 456: To elementary school. Interviewer: But which class or which grade? 456: Well first grade. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And um you say years ago children sat on benches but now they sit at 456: Desks. Interviewer: And each child has his own 456: Has his own desk. Interviewer: And uh if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the 456: Library. Interviewer: And to mail a letter 456: Post office or the box, post uh, mailbox. Interviewer: Mm-kay And you stay overnight in a strange town at a 456: Motel or hotel. Interviewer: #1 And you # 456: #2 Or an inn. # Interviewer: And a play or movie you'd go to a {NS} 456: Theater. Interviewer: And um if you were real sick you might have to go into the 456: Infirmary or hospital. Interviewer: And the woman that'd look after you would be a 456: Nurse. Interviewer: And to catch a train you'd go to the 456: Depot. Interviewer: Or #1 you might # 456: #2 Station. # Railroad station. Interviewer: And um Say if um if there's a vacant lot at the corner and you go across it instead of going around it um you'd #1 say you were walking # 456: #2 You just # cut across Interviewer: Uh-huh. Um or say if there's a if your house is on a corner and uh say your house is on a corner {NS} like um like this is your house then the house over here 456: It would be across the corner. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Any expression you #1 can think of # 456: #2 Well # catty corner Interviewer: #1 is the # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 456: word that's used sometimes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How do you, would you 456: I don't know how you spell it. {NW} Interviewer: Would you use that word catty corner talking about cutting across a lot? 456: #1 You could uh-huh. # Interviewer: #2 The same lot? # And um you said before they had buses in town they used to have the things that run on tracks and have a wire overhead 456: A wire overhead? Interviewer: Yeah. Sort of a bus, before they had buses they used to have these vehicles that would run on rails and had a wire overhead. 456: Uh you're not talking about a train? Talking about a stage coach? Interviewer: Did you ever hear of street cars #1 or electric cars? # 456: #2 Oh street cars yes # electric cars. Interviewer: Did you have those around here? 456: No we didn't have any here. Interviewer: #1 And um # 456: #2 We weren't # big enough for that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm You might tell the the bus driver this corner is where I want 456: To get off. Interviewer: And um you say here in um in Gulf county Port Saint Joe is the So where they have the courthouse you'd say it's the 456: Uh the county seat {C: Fix this} Interviewer: Okay. {C: Fix this} #1 And um # 456: #2 I was # trying to think of something else. Interviewer: No that's that's what I was thinking of um If you were uh an F-B-I agent you'd be working for the federal 456: government. Interviewer: And um the police in the town are supposed to maintain 456: Order. Interviewer: #1 Or you might # 456: #2 Peace # Interviewer: A fuller expression that you might say 456: Law? Interviewer: Okay. 456: Hmm? Interviewer: The whole expression you might say they're supposed to maintain law 456: and order. Interviewer: Say the whole thing. 456: Law and order. Interviewer: Okay. And um the fight in this country between the north and the south 456: Uh-huh Referring to the Civil War? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Any other names for that? 456: Mm-hmm. {NS} Interviewer: Or did y'all only just call it Civil War? {NS} 456: Just think of it as Civil War. Interviewer: {NS} And say before they had the um electric chair murderers were 456: They were uh I actually don't know if you say they were hanged I've seen it written that way. Also seen it written hung. Interviewer: #1 Which sounds # 456: #2 I don't know which # is correct Interviewer: Which sounds more {NS} familiar? 456: {D: Well} I don't know I think hung sounds better but I'm not sure. Interviewer: Uh-huh. They said a man went out and what himself 456: Um hung himself or hanged himself I don't know Interviewer: Okay. 456: I don't know which is best. {X} Interviewer: And uh these are some names of some states and some cities. {NW} The biggest city in this country is in what state 456: Um Uh New York. Interviewer: Okay. And um Baltimore is in {NS} 456: Maryland. Interviewer: And what are some of the states in the south? 456: {NW} Well, Georgia, {NS} Alabama, Florida, Texas {NS} Louisiana, Tennessee, {NS} West Virginia I think is considered a southern state. I don't think Virginia is. Think West Virginia is. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} What about um the state just above Tennessee? 456: It's Kentucky. Interviewer: Mm-hmm And over from that is? To the west of that is? {NS} 456: I don't know what's just west of it. {NS} Louisiana? Interviewer: Okay. And um {NS} say um Raleigh is the capital of 456: Um North Carolina Interviewer: And then just beneath that is 456: South Carolina Interviewer: And um the show me state is starts with an M 456: I don't know. Interviewer: {X} Mis- 456: Huh? Interviewer: It starts with an M. 456: I don't know. Interviewer: What about um you said Little Rock is the capital of 456: Arkansas Interviewer: Okay and um Jackson is the capital of 456: Mississippi. I didn't name I didn't mention Mississippi a while ago. Interviewer: What about um do you remember the {NS} the state that {X} just before the Civil War um there was the something compromise where they decided that one state would slave and the other would be free? 456: Um Interviewer: The Mis- Or what's another state in that area? That starts with an M? Mis- 456: Missouri? Interviewer: Huh? 456: Missouri? Interviewer: Okay what's-what's the biggest um city in Missouri? 456: I don't know I can't think right now. Interviewer: It'd be St.- 456: St. Louis. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um Tulsa is in 456: Oklahoma. Interviewer: And Boston is in 456: Massachusetts. Interviewer: And the states from Main to Connecticut are called the 456: The um Mm Interviewer: The new- The states up in that area is called the new- 456: New England? Interviewer: Okay. And um the biggest city in Maryland 456: Oh is it Baltimore? Interviewer: #1 Mm-kay # 456: #2 I'm not sure # Interviewer: And the capital of the United States is 456: Washington of course Interviewer: Washington what? 456: D-C Interviewer: And um the old historical seaport in South Carolina? It's Char- 456: Charl- Charleston. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And uh city up in Illinois the big city. 456: Chicago. Interviewer: And uh what are some of the big cities in Alabama? 456: Well {NW} We've got {X} Birmingham, Mobile Interviewer: Okay. 456: Bout the largest I think. Interviewer: What about um the city up in the mountains in North Carolina? It'd be Ash- 456: Asheville? Interviewer: #1 And uh # 456: #2 But is that # Is that a real large city? Interviewer: #1 I don't think that-that it is # 456: #2 I never thought of it as being specially large uh-huh. # Interviewer: What are um Some of the- Some of the bigger cities in Tennessee 456: Well Nashville I suppose, Knoxville Interviewer: Where they have um Lookout Mountain? 456: Mm-hmm. Chattanooga. Interviewer: And the city up in west Tennessee? 456: I don't know. Memphis. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um some of the cities in Georgia? 456: Atlanta is the largest. Savannah. {NW} Macon, or well Interviewer: The- city um where Fort Benning is near? 456: Mm. I don't know just where Fort Benning is. Interviewer: Or the name of the person who discovered America? 456: Columbus. Interviewer: Mm-kay. #1 And uh # 456: #2 Well that's not # so large. {D: It's just I would say attracts a lot of visitors} Interviewer: #1 Next # 456: #2 Columbus is not real big # Interviewer: After Macon and Atlanta to them though 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Unless 456: Yeah well I know Macon's not very big. But Atlanta {NS} Interviewer: That's the biggest in Georgia. Um 456: Where are you from? Interviewer: Atlanta. 456: Are you? Interviewer: Well actually Conyers but I say Atlanta. Um the biggest city in southern Ohio? 456: {NS} Must be Cincinnati {NW} because I know that's right on the border when we stayed in Kentucky and Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: And at night and when it sets down in the daytime. Interviewer: Where were you in Kentucky? 456: At uh We stayed in Franklin Tennessee {NW} the first night and we stayed while we were at the assembly. At uh Covington Kentucky Interviewer: Franklin is right near Nashville, isn't it? 456: Mm-hmm It's right close to Nashville well we stopped in Nashville and visited the {X} chapel there. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: And then we went by the um Ole Opera House, Grand Ole Opera House Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: And um it wasn't- it was just a few miles Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: To Covington. Ten, about ten miles I think. Interviewer: And um So the-the two biggest cities in-in Louisiana? 456: Well, New Orleans I suppose is one of them. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 456: I don't know much about Louisiana. Interviewer: And the-the capital of Louisiana? 456: {NS} I don't know. I can't think of it right now. Interviewer: Starts with a B. Bat- 456: Baton Rouge. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Auxiliary: Y'all about through? Interviewer: Oh this tape's gonna run out in just a few more minutes. Auxiliary: I'm getting hungry. 456: {NW} Interviewer: Um Where they hold the Kentucky Derby is? {C: background noise} 456: Oh um I don't know. Interviewer: Starts with an L. The biggest city in Kentucky. 456: I don't know about that. Interviewer: #1 It's Lou- # 456: #2 It's not- # {X} Louisville. Yeah we, we went to Louisville. Why I wasn't even thinking about it. Interviewer: And um the country um Belfast is in northern 456: Ireland. Interviewer: And Paris is in 456: France Interviewer: And Moscow is 456: Russia. Interviewer: And um say if um if someone asks you to go with them and you're not sure you want to you might say um I'm not-I don't know what I want to go or not I don't know. 456: Well I'd probably say let me think about it a while #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Okay so I don't know # 456: I don't know whether I would like to or not. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um If you want someone to go with you you might say I won't go what he goes. #1 I won't go # 456: #2 Unless. # Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um Say I had a choice of two things at first I was going to do this but then I decided I'd do that in what of this? 456: In preference. Interviewer: Or ins-ins- 456: Instead. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Just instead. Interviewer: Say if two people become um members of church you say they 456: Joined. Interviewer: And you go to church to pray to 456: God. Interviewer: And the preacher preaches a 456: Sermon. Interviewer: And the choir and the organist provide the 456: Music. Interviewer: And if you really liked the music you'd say the music was just 456: Great. Interviewer: Or just 456: Enjoyable. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um the enemy of God is called the 456: Devil. Interviewer: Any other names for him? 456: Satan. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What would you tell children was gonna come get 'em? If they didn't behave? 456: Well we aren't supposed to tell 'em that. They used to say the bad man. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um what do people sometimes think they see around a graveyard at night? 456: {NW} I don't know but they think they see ghost. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other names for that? 456: Um {NS} I've heard the term H-A-I-N-T haint. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um say there's a house in the neighborhood that everyone's scared to go in 456: Call it haunted Interviewer: Huh? 456: Say it's haunted. Interviewer: Okay. Do you ever hear hainted? 456: Well yeah. Interviewer: And um you might tell someone um you better put a sweater on it's it's not real cold outside but #1 it's getting # 456: #2 But # it's chilly Interviewer: Okay. And um say if you had the choice of two things you might say I'd what do this than that thing? 456: I would pre-prefer to do this or I would rather do this. Interviewer: Okay. And um do you ever use the expression right smart? Talking about a right smart of land or a right smart of 456: Hmm. Interviewer: Have you heard that expression around here? Say it rained right smart or {NS} 456: Well I've heard it but not very much Interviewer: Mm-hmm. {NS} How-how would people say it? 456: {NW} {D: I don't know} Rained right smart. But now I'd think many people would use it Interviewer: Mm-hmm And um if someone asked you can you really do that you'd say I what can I 456: I'd just say yes. Interviewer: Okay. And um say if someone says something kind of shocking and you sort of resented 'em saying it you might say why the very 456: the very idea. Interviewer: Okay. And um when a friend of yours says good morning what might you ask them then? You're asking about his health you might ask 456: How are you? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And when you're introduced to a stranger what might you ask him? 456: How do you do? Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um Say if a group of people was leaving your house after a visit you might tell them I I hope 456: You'll come again Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um what do you say- how do you greet someone around december twenty-fifth? 456: Well, merry christmas. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other greetings? 456: Well, happy christmas. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Happy holiday Interviewer: Do you ever hear the expression christmas gift? 456: Yes. Interviewer: To say to people? 456: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: How would that be used? 456: Well just Instead of saying hello we'd just say christmas gift. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. You'd just say that any time during the christmas season or 456: You could if you wanted to. Usually um right close to the-the day Interviewer: Mm-hmm. What around what um about um the first of January? 456: I wouldn't think you'd say it then. Interviewer: Or what-what would you say then? You'd say happy 456: Happy new year. Interviewer: Mm-kay. {NS} And um you might say I have to go downtown to do some 456: Shopping. Interviewer: And say if you just bought something you'd say the storekeeper took out a piece of paper and 456: Wrapped. Interviewer: Okay and when I got home I 456: Unwrapped. Interviewer: Okay. And if you ever sell something for less than you paid for it you'd be selling it at a 456: Loss. Interviewer: And um say if you buy something but don't have the money for it you'd say well I like it but it what too much? 456: Cost too much. Interviewer: And um when it's time to pay the bill say on the first of the month you say the bill is 456: Due. Interviewer: And if you're going to a club you have to pay your 456: Dues or pledge. Interviewer: #1 And um # 456: #2 Usually dues # to a club I guess. Interviewer: Say if you don't have any money you might go to a friend and try to 456: Borrow. Interviewer: And um you'd say in the thirties money was 456: Scarce. Interviewer: And um you'd say you ran down the springboard and what 456: Dived. Interviewer: Huh? 456: Dived. Interviewer: And you'd say several children have already what 456: Dived. Interviewer: And you'd say that I was too scared to 456: I was too scared to dive. Interviewer: And um when you dive and you hit the water flat you call that a 456: {NW} I can't remember something about a belly uh. Interviewer: Did you ever heard belly buster? 456: Yeah belly buster. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um say a child puts his head on the ground and then turns a 456: Um stands on his head? Interviewer: Or turns well you'd say he turns a 456: {X} Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um you say he dived into the water and he what across 456: Swam. Interviewer: And you'd say I have 456: I have swum. Interviewer: And children like to 456: Swim. Interviewer: And um if you buy something or pay your bill some storekeepers will give you a little present and say that it's for {NS} Did you ever hear the expression Interviewer: Okay um a kind of uh a wire fence that it comes in strands and it's got little um it's twisted you know? 456: Now if you're asking what kind of a fence it is? Interviewer: #1 You know it's the kind that # 456: #2 A wire # Interviewer: Huh? 456: Well, all I know is it would be a wire fence. Interviewer: But you know the kind that comes in strands and it would catch your clothes on it if you tried to climb it 456: Barbed wire? Interviewer: Okay. And um {NS} Say if um somebody didn't know how to swim, you'd say He got in the water and he 456: He drowned. Interviewer: And you say um 456: Sank. Interviewer: Okay. And um say after he went down for the third time you'd say that he was 456: He was drowned. Interviewer: And you'd say I didn't see him 456: Didn't see him drown. Interviewer: And um what does a baby do before it can walk? 456: Some of them crawl. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Not all of 'em. Interviewer: And um You'd say that would be a hard mountain to 456: Climb. Interviewer: But last year my neighbor 456: Climbed it. Interviewer: But I've never 456: But I've never climbed it. Interviewer: And um you'd say she walked up to the altar and she 456: {X} Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you were tired you might say I think I'll go over to the couch and 456: Lie down Interviewer: And um Talking about things that you see in your sleep you'd say this is what I 456: Dreamed. Interviewer: And you'd say often when I go to sleep I 456: Dream. Interviewer: But I usually can't remember what I 456: Dream. Interviewer: #1 And # 456: #2 What I # have dreamed. You said I've Interviewer: Yeah 456: I have dreamed. Interviewer: And um when I say I dreamed I was falling but just when I was about to hit the ground I 456: Woke up Interviewer: And if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor you say you 456: I stomp. Interviewer: And um Say if you saw a a friend leaving some place alone you might ask can I what you home? Can I 456: May I walk you home? Interviewer: Okay. What if you had your car? 456: May I drive you home? Interviewer: Okay would you ever say any other things #1 besides # 456: #2 Well # May I take you home? Interviewer: Okay what about carry? 456: Well carry Interviewer: Okay. And to get something to come towards you you'd take hold of it and 456: Pull. Interviewer: And another one would be 456: Push. Interviewer: And um {NW} say if you had a sack of groceries and didn't have your car you'd say I picked it up and I 456: I just carried it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other word you'd use besides carry? 456: Well uh tote Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Some people say tote, I toted it. Interviewer: Does tote um mean the same thing as carry or do you do you think those mean a little bit different or what 456: Well carry can be used in other ways but I think if you say tote it would just, just be that Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Does Do you have an idea that uh you know you've got both your arms around it or could it be just something you grab by the handle or 456: Well would it make any difference? If Oh we buy these sort of tote bags all the time and you just hold it by handle and and you don't need to {NS} carry it with both hands. You would really have a load if you had to use both hands I mean I think. Interviewer: Okay. And um you might tell a child um that stove is very hot so 456: Don't touch it Interviewer: And um say if you needed a hammer you might tell someone to go 456: Go bring a hammer Interviewer: Okay. And um you know the the kind of um children's game where one person um is it and all the other children hide 456: That that is hide and seek Interviewer: Okay. What did you call it when you were little? 456: #1 That's what I called it. # Interviewer: #2 Same thing? # 456: Hide and Seek. Interviewer: And um what you run towards is the the maybe the tree that that you can run for and be safe is called a 456: I don't know Interviewer: Do you know what I mean? When you're playing hide and seek the the place that you run for what do you call that? 456: Oh the home base, a home? Interviewer: Okay. And um in football you towards a 456: The goal? Interviewer: And um you say you throw a ball and ask somebody to 456: Catch it Interviewer: Then you say I threw the ball and he 456: He caught it. Interviewer: And you say I've been fishing but I haven't 456: Caught any. Interviewer: And um you might tell someone there's no need to hurry if I get there first I'll 456: Wait for you. Interviewer: And uh say if you're about to um punish your child he might tell you not to punish him just give me another 456: Chance. Interviewer: And um if a man's in a very good mood you might say he's in a very good 456: humor. Interviewer: And um you might say well we've got termites but I'm sure the exterminating company will get 456: Get rid of them. {NS} Interviewer: And um say if a child left a pencil on her desk and came back and didn't find it there you might say um I bet somebody 456: Took my pencil. Interviewer: Okay any other word that y'all might use? 456: Well, she could've said stole but Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Kind of hate to think that she'd say that Interviewer: And um you might say I've just what him a letter 456: Just wrote. Interviewer: Huh? 456: Wrote. Interviewer: Okay um You say yesterday he 456: He wrote. Interviewer: And I have 456: I have written. Interviewer: And tomorrow I will 456: Will write. Interviewer: And uh You say I wrote him it was time I was getting a 456: Getting an answer Interviewer: And um you say you put the letter in the envelope and then you take your pen and you 456: Address it. Interviewer: Okay. And um anything older people used to say? 456: I don't know. Interviewer: Do you ever hear back back the letter? 456: Well, I wouldn't {NS} Interviewer: You might say well I was going to write him but I didn't know his 456: Address. Interviewer: And um say that a child's learned something knew like maybe learned to whistle you might ask who 456: Taught you. Interviewer: Okay. And um A child that's always running and telling on the other children 456: Oh we used to call them tattletales. Interviewer: Okay. Would you use that word about an adult? 456: Well, I don't know. I've never heard it used. Interviewer: Okay And um Say if you wanted to brighten up your room for a party and you had a lot of things growing in a garden or in your yard, you might go out and 456: Pick flowers. Interviewer: Okay. And something that a child plays with you'd call a 456: Toy. Interviewer: And um any other expressions you might {NS} 456: Playthings. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about play-pretty? 456: Well play-pretty is Interviewer: #1 Is that # 456: #2 You could say that too # I've heard that. Interviewer: Is a play-pretty something that just a young child might have or would you say it about anything? 456: Well I'd think it would apply to children. {NS} Interviewer: Just any toy could be a play-pretty? Mm-kay. And um you might say um I'm glad I carried my umbrella because we hadn't gone half a block when it 456: When it began to rain. Interviewer: And um {NS} You might ask what time does the movie 456: Start or begin Interviewer: And you say it must have already 456: Must have already started. Interviewer: Or already 456: Begun. Interviewer: And um you say when people wanna get someplace fast instead of walking they 456: They ride. Interviewer: Or they 456: Run. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say I was feeling so good I what all the way home? 456: Ran all the way home. Interviewer: And you say they have what 456: They have run. Interviewer: {NS} And um say if you didn't know where a man was born you might ask where does he what from? {NS} 456: We'd say where was he born Interviewer: Okay. And um You say with your eyes you 456: See Interviewer: And you say I what are outside a few minutes ago 456: I don't understand Interviewer: Using that word you'd say I 456: {NS} I don't understand your question. Interviewer: Well okay um you say with your eyes you 456: You see Interviewer: And you say yesterday I 456: I saw. Interviewer: Okay and I have 456: I have seen. Interviewer: And um you might say you can't get through there cause the highway department's got their machines and then the road's all 456: Blocked. Interviewer: Or all to- 456: Torn up. Interviewer: And um say if you give someone a bracelet and you wanna see how it looks on 'em you might say well why don't you 456: Why don't you wear it? Interviewer: #1 Or why # 456: #2 Or put it on? # Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um If say if you had a question and I didn't know the answer I might say you better go what somebody else? 456: Ask. Interviewer: And so you say so then I went and 456: Ask {X} Interviewer: You might say you've already 456: Have already ask Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um you say those little boys like to what each other? 456: Fight. Interviewer: And you say um every time they met they 456: Fought. Interviewer: And ever since they were small they 456: They have been fighting. Interviewer: Or they have 456: Have fought. Interviewer: And um you say she what him with a big knife 456: She hit him. Interviewer: Or 456: Slapped. Interviewer: Or s- Would you say stabbed or #1 {D: stobbed or?} # 456: #2 Oh stabbed. # Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um say if you wanted to lift something heavy like a piece of machinery up on a roof you might use pulley blocks and a rope to what it up? 456: To lift it. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other words you'd use besides lift? 456: To raise. Interviewer: What about hoist or heist? 456: Well could use that. Interviewer: How would you say that? {X} 456: To heist it up. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um now now could you start um counting slowly? 456: One two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the number after nineteen. 456: Twenty. Interviewer: And after twenty-six. 456: Seven. Interviewer: Huh? 456: Twenty-seven. Interviewer: And twenty-nine. 456: Thirty. Interviewer: Thirty-nine. 456: Forty. Interviewer: Sixty-nine. 456: Seventy. Interviewer: Huh? 456: Seventy. Interviewer: And ninety-nine. 456: Hundred. Interviewer: Nine hundred ninety-nine. 456: Thousand. Interviewer: And ten times a hundred thousand is one 456: Million. Interviewer: And um say if you had a line of people standing somewhere the person at the head of the line would be the 456: The leader. Interviewer: Or the Say if there were eleven in line the man at the la- at the back of the line would be the eleventh. The one at the head of the line would be the 456: The first. Interviewer: Okay keep going. Then behind him 456: First, second, third, that's what you mean? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: Fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth Interviewer: Okay and um you say sometimes you feel you get your good luck just a little at a time but your bad luck comes all 456: All at once. Interviewer: And um would you name the months of the year? 456: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December. Interviewer: And the days of the week 456: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday. Interviewer: What does Sabbath mean? 456: Hmm? Interviewer: What does Sabbath mean? 456: The lord's day. Interviewer: So that's Sunday? 456: Sunday. Interviewer: And um 456: Well not for everybody. {NS} Interviewer: #1 What # 456: #2 Well # Saturday is the Sabbath for s- for some people. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Say if if you meet someone during the early part of the day what do you say as a greeting? 456: Good morning. Interviewer: Okay and how long does morning last? 456: Until noon. Interviewer: And then you Ask 456: Say afternoon. Interviewer: Okay um and say if you were leaving somebody at about eleven oh clock in the day would you say anything? 456: Well I'd say goodbye. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about good day? Do you ever say that? 456: No. Well I've heard people say that but I don't Haven't heard it a whole lot. Just say goodbye instead of good day. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the part of the day after supper 456: Would be evening. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What time would you say that begin and end? 456: Well I don't know I would think maybe about six oh clock. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: Depend on Interviewer: #1 Just when # 456: #2 the # area #1 when # Interviewer: #2 just # 456: getting night. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if you were leaving somebody's house after dark you'd tell 'em 456: Oh well good night. Interviewer: And um you'd say we had to get up and start work before 456: Day. Interviewer: Or before sun- 456: Before sun up Interviewer: And we worked until 456: Sundown. Interviewer: And you say this morning I saw the sun 456: Rise. Interviewer: And this morning the sun what at #1 six # 456: #2 Rose # Interviewer: Huh? 456: Rose. Interviewer: And you say the sun is already 456: Risen. Interviewer: And um you say to today is Saturday so um Friday was 456: Friday was what? Interviewer: Well Saturday's today so 456: Today is Saturday, yesterday was Friday Interviewer: And um Sunday is {NS} 456: Tomorrow. Interviewer: And um say if someone came here on a Sunday not last Sunday but the Sunday before last you'd say you came here 456: Well Sunday before last. Interviewer: Okay what if um someone was going to leave on a Sunday ni- a week beyond next Sunday? 456: Well we'd say Sunday week. Interviewer: Okay. And um if someone stayed from the first until the fifteenth you'd say you stayed about 456: About two weeks. Interviewer: Okay. Any other expressions for that? 456: {NS} A fortnight. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Do people say that or is that #1 Just # 456: #2 Well # Some people do. I don't. I just say two weeks. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um if you wanted to know the time you'd ask somebody 456: What time is it? Interviewer: And you might look at your 456: Watch. Interviewer: And if it was midway between seven oh clock and eight oh clock you might say that it was 456: seven-thirty Interviewer: Or another way of saying that? 456: Um Interviewer: Half 456: Half half um hour Interviewer: Or half what 456: Half past Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if it was fifteen minutes later than that it would be 456: Um than seven-thirty? Be quarter of eight. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um if you have been doing something for a long time you might say I've been doing that for quite a 456: Well for quite a while, for ages. Interviewer: Mm-kay and um you say nineteen seventy-two was last year, nineteen seventy-three is 456: This year. Interviewer: And if a child has just had his third birthday you'd say he's 456: Three years old. Interviewer: And if something happened on this day last year, you'd say it happened exactly 456: Same day. Interviewer: Or how long ago? 456: A year ago. Interviewer: And um say you look up at the sky and you say I don't like the looks of those black 456: Clouds. Interviewer: And um on a day when the there aren't any clouds around you'd say that was a what kind of day? 456: A clear day. Interviewer: Mm-kay. What about a day when it's um the sun isn't shining and it's it's all cloudy and so forth 456: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 you'd say it was # 456: you could say it was a cloudy day or a dreary day. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um and say if the clouds were getting thicker and thicker you'd figure it it might rain or something in a little while then you'd say it looks like the weather is 456: Clearing up. Oh {X} It's uh getting rough. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um You say um all night long the wind 456: Howled. Interviewer: Or the wind 456: Blew. Interviewer: And you'd say the wind has what harder than that before? 456: Has blown, I suppose. #1 I don't know # Interviewer: #2 Okay # And you say it started raining and the wind began to 456: To The wind began to blow. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And the wind's from this direction you say it's 456: It's from the west. Interviewer: And a wind halfway between south and west you'd call a 456: I don't know. Between south and west? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 456: Well would you say southwest? Interviewer: Okay. And between south and east? 456: Southeast. Interviewer: And east and north? 456: Uh northeast. Interviewer: And west and north? 456: Northwest. Interviewer: And um say if the wind had been gentle and was gradually getting stronger, you'd say that it was 456: Getting rougher. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Any other expressions? 456: Well, you'd say harder. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And if it was the wind was getting weaker and weaker you'd say it was 456: Dying down. Interviewer: And um you might say it's like in the morning in the fall you might say it's not really cold outside but its 456: Chilly. Interviewer: And um a whole lot of rain that just suddenly comes down 456: I'd say it's just pouring Interviewer: Okay or you'd call it 456: coming down in torrents. Interviewer: Okay and what would you call that kind of rain? 456: Well, I'd call it a hard rain. Interviewer: Any other expressions? 456: Well, I don't know. Interviewer: Cloudburst or downpour or gully washer. 456: Cloudburst, downpour, either one Interviewer: Mm-kay. What if there's thunder and lightning? 456: Well, we'd call it an electrical storm. Interviewer: Mm-kay And what if it's um if it's not a real heavy rain? 456: A light rain. Interviewer: Any other expressions for that? 456: Well uh a light shower Interviewer: Mm-kay. What if it's um if it's even finer than that? 456: Well, it could be a {NS} a drizzle #1 Or # Interviewer: #2 Mm-kay. # 456: What's another word for that? Or misty Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um say if you get up in the morning and you can't see across the road you'd say you had a 456: Fog. Interviewer: Huh? 456: Fog. Interviewer: And a day like that you'd call a 456: Foggy day. Interviewer: And um if no rain comes for weeks and weeks you'd say you were having 456: Having a drought. Interviewer: And um {NS} Say if um if it was cold enough to to kill the tomatoes and flowers you'd say last night we had a 456: We had a freeze. Interviewer: Okay. What if there's it's just sort of a white coating on the ground, not snow 456: Oh well frost. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um you say it was so cold last night that the lake 456: Froze over. Interviewer: Okay what if it's if it's not frozen solid but if it just a little ice around the edge maybe. Would you have an expression for that? 456: Well, no, it would be partly frozen. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And you say um it was so cold last night that the pipes 456: Burst. Interviewer: Okay but because the water 456: Froze. Interviewer: Okay and you say um I tried to do something about it but before I could do anything had already 456: Burst. Interviewer: Or because the water had 456: Had frozen. Interviewer: And you say um if it gets any colder the pipes will 456: Will burst. Interviewer: Or the water will 456: freeze. Interviewer: And um the best room in the house is called the 456: Uh the best room? Interviewer: Yeah the room where you entertain company. 456: Well, we call it living room. Used to say parlor. Interviewer: Mm-kay. 456: And if they had two they'd probably say the parlor and the back parlor. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um 456: I suppose that was like the living room and den today. Interviewer: Talking about how tall rooms are you'd say this room's about 456: So many feet high. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um you might say well I don't smoke cigarettes I don't smoke but he 456: Does. Interviewer: And um say if uh you might say well you can give him his choice but he'll tell you that he what which one you give him that he's that he just what care which one you give him? 456: But it doesn't matter. Interviewer: Okay. Would you say he he don't care or he doesn't care? 456: He doesn't care. Interviewer: Mm-kay. Well I think that's it. 456: Well Interviewer: Oh there was there was one thing I wanted to ask you um you said you did some substitute teaching 456: Oh just a very little when I was just right out of high school myself Interviewer: Just right here in 456: In Saint Joe uh-huh. I've done a lot of teaching but it's been in the church study courses in {X} and uh Interviewer: #1 in music # 456: #2 But I never # In music. But I I never was really taught school. Just a little substitute teacher.