Interviewer:  I just want to get some general sort of information at first so your name?
461:  {Beep}
Interviewer:  {X}
461:  {Beep}
Interviewer:  And your address?
461:  {Beep} {Beep}
Interviewer:  Is this Chipley or?
461:  Mm-hmm yeah Chipley
Interviewer:  And the county?
461:  Washington
Interviewer:  And the state?
461:  Florida
Interviewer:  What's the name of this community?
461:  This is Wausau community. Now I don't live in the city of Wausau but this is Wausau.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm {X}
461:  I've been cleaning my barn out I'm fixing to put some new hay in. this evening.
Interviewer:  Do you have a lot of cattle or?
461:  I don't have any cattle I just got a horse and a pony and some goats.
Interviewer:  Oh really?
461:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What do you have the goats for?
461:  Uh mainly to keep my place cleaned out see along the fence they eat all the briars.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  And uh to keep it clean they just there's not much food and now that's that's good meat I like to eat goat. I butcher one every now and then. We'll look at them after awhile okay?
Interviewer:  Yeah I'd like to see. Um where were you born?
461:  I was born in the Wausau community about five miles from here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm And your age?
461:  Forty-two.
Interviewer:  And occupation?
461:  Uh civil engineer with the department of transportation. Florida department of transportation.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Highway construction
Interviewer:  Is that the I think you said that was the work you've done ever since #1 high school? #
461:  #2 That's right. #
Interviewer:  And what church do you go to?
461:  I go to uh to the Wausau it's a homeless church community church.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And um tell me about your education what schools you went #1 to. #
461:  #2 I went to # I went to an elementary school here at Wausau.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then I went to high school and graduated uh from the high school in Chipley.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm was that just Wausau Elementary or?
461:  Right {NS} and we went to the eighth grade had eighth grade in Wausau.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm {NW} And um I like to get sort of an idea of the the people that you come into contact with whether you're active in church or in clubs or most of the people. Do you know most of the people around here or?
461:  Right. I'm real active in uh in my church work. Ha. And then I'm active in the community involved.
Interviewer:  What sort of things?
461:  What's that?
Interviewer:  What what's what do you mean community involvement?
461:  Well we've got a club a little club here, a Wausau community development club.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm #1 What is? #
461:  #2 Now # if you've got some time I'd like to tell you about this community involvement.
Interviewer:  Yeah
461:  Uh just a minute. {NS} I I get a lot of enjoyment out of the same self satisfaction. {NW} I don't have but just see three files here. {NS} And my first file is missing now we got what we call a fun day here see.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  This is number four this is one that we just had.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But this community club here just asked me one time to kinda just uh well we was gonna have a fish fry to raise some funds for our club
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  and just sell the plates for maybe a dollar a piece. But the more I thought about it I says well I get some gospel sing. I had just moved back down here see. I was raised here but I moved to Chipley and stayed for fourteen years. And then I moved back here. I've been here about three years. Well uh the more I thought about it is to plan something for this this little community. See they've never had an opportunity to be in a parade.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  They never had an opportunity to get before the public you see we we and what we call {C: unclear if next line is /realty/ or mispronounced /reality/} realty the the income in this particular area is low.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now there's there's a few I think that I would that uh probably uh average of uh a little above average income. I I just be honest with you but uh this is uh the uh income in this area it's it's pretty low.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Generally speaking we've got a lot a uh widowed uh ladies their husband has died and draw pensions and then uh those that work right around here the income is is quite low.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  So I started this thing this was the fourth one like I said and this is the day that we have here that uh the people in the community can get involved with see this is this this been in one of the top Florida festivals and events uh always supports. It's what we call a fun day in Wausau. I originated this idea see here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I'm not I'm you want the truth about the thing you question me and uh this gives the kids an opportunity to participate and the activities like gopher races that's like I said about this thing with a hard uh shell on it's back and uh the bull frog races and so on. So this again I like I said uh I'm real active in community involvement.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then I just been asked to serve as the area worker for the mental retardation. I don't do all that I don't have time to do all that but I'm able to contact people in this community that will do it for me.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now here was the headlines we had a opossum march and we blessed with opossums around here but I believe in the uncommon thing see. We just took some old opossums and you know a opossum we call 'em
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  and auction them off and we took the money and sent it to this bur- children's clinic out in uh Galveston, Texas. There's a kid got burned here in Wausau and so we sent two hundred and fifty dollar contribution to it but I'm just getting around to tell you cause you gonna ask me and I'll tell you what I find in those in in community work and then this community too. There's a kid that's got their gophers that I was talking about here in the community.
Interviewer:  Those are big.
461:  Now all this is clippings we get we got uh TV coverage from uh oh I'm trying to find one particular {NW}
Interviewer:  I might have seen something about that on the the news.
461:  Uh-huh
Interviewer:  I can't
461:  Now here's one of our costumes see here? Once I find the old set. Now you've I've never you never heard probably someone auction a opossum off.
Interviewer:  #1 No #
461:  #2 You see? # well that's that's what I wanted to do. And uh here it is in the Pensacola Journal. See here? We
Interviewer:  Uh-huh What was the husband calling contest like?
461:  Uh this is where I took a bunch of husbands and was gonna blindfold them but I had a building and I put them behind this building and I put the wives up on the platform of the truck that we were performing off of.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  and uh let them get on the mic they could give some kind of sound they couldn't say sugar or honey you know to get their husband to come? Now they couldn't call their name it was just a trick but you could say hun or sugar make some kind of little noise or that the husband would detect who it was and come. See {NW} and uh they all some how had a cue that they got their husbands. I didn't get one to mess up this is the first time I hadn't but that was what I was wanting to do for some wife to call the wrong husband up see.
Interviewer:  {NW}
461:  And uh but it they all called now there's the days activities. We had a auctioner from Chipley. {NS} Uh {NS} See it's something for people in this community that I I don't feel like it well now I probably might have I'm not trying to be uh personal about this thing but they've had an opportunity and I feel like I that I I'm I'm serving my fellow man really. Is is what it amounts to there's nobody gets any money what so ever for it now we sell plates and people make contributions and so on and the proceeds that we realized from this event well we turn it it goes to this community development club that I'm talking about.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  and we turn it right back in into community projects. A ball park then we send flowers to anybody that passes away in the community no matter who it is.`
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  You send flowers to them and then if a member of our club gets in the hospital we send flowers and so on. But you see this fella here it's it's a it's a an enjoyment to me to see a fellow enjoy himself like this man and because of such a day then they are able to do this you see. See the kids participating here?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then uh what we do this is a ball game between Chipley and Wausau and this is the banker at Chipley. This is Rob Golden he's president of the bank of Chipley. Down at Wausau participating in our fun day. This is what I like to see, see? It's right down to earth fun and I really get an enjoyment out of it. Just people that's enjoying the day's activities.
Interviewer:  I think that really is interesting you get variedly turn out from this whole.
461:  {X} that's right. Then we got some people that's coming from well that's if they ever been to Wausau.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  If they ever lived here and moved away then they planning their vacation now to come back uh and be around during the time we have fun day and this is the first Saturday in August each year but it's a kind of a family reunion get together.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
461:  And uh it's a lot of work but I still feel like it's I'm benefiting uh helping my fellow man can get an opportunity to participate in something that might he might not have but it's not all that easy you run into people that just don't want {NW} something you know you always got some opposition.
Interviewer:  What sort of opposition did you get from?
461:  Well uh I found out in community involvement just like in church work or anything else you'll fi- you'll find that people are they're jealous they're envy uh uh people that makes prosp- uh uh you know if you prosper or either something successful you'll find that anywhere. Now see Christ was crucified and and then you I just expect this that's just like President Nixon said last night you just expect some of the it and it's gonna come.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  It's just nature. But uh then this is where I think that you determine leadership ability. If you stop then well you're weak. But if you continue to go on and this is our fourth.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  It's not all that bad but you do run into some I mean it's just that it's just petty it's nature is what it is.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I found out another thing in a small community like this you see I'll be honest with you because you question uh now I was up at Chipley and was involved in church work. And then I come back here then I got involved well I was involved in community work up there I was chairman of the cancer crusades here in the county one time.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  And uh it was a very successful campaign but when you do now let me tell you something else that you run into you take those workers that had worked before you if they see that you would exceed uh what they did then they some way that they will hesitate about helping you.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Yeah I I'm gonna tell you the truth now when I run into you they will be hesitate about helping you because they don't want to see their record broke. It's nature again. I just see this and and then I just try to move on but it's just a natural thing that we might do. Okay then I come down here I move back here in this community. And started to get involved in and getting involved in community work and with this day here I found out and you can see it better in a smaller community than you could in a large community. For a little community is run by it it's a I'd say a certain amount of politics or a little structure that runs everything that takes place in a community.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Uh I don't say that they run everything but they's a controlling factor in a small community.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And when when I come in I could see this I mean if I went their way it was all right but when I began to to move my way if you're a yes it's all right but if you're no then you run into some opposition. And I could see that in this community that it was controlled by just a few you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But uh and it's like I said that they would they would be some that would be against this because they see something has come in they said well now why didn't we do this it the remarks have been made so they made more happen here in in four years then they have in in all of Wausau's life by this day. It's just a natural thing that you hear well people uh they just jealous or envious of such things.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  It's a natural thing. But this is something that's been interesting to me is to watch the reaction of people. Now there was a disturbance in this community here uh well like all communities you got this side you got that side
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  and I knew something about. It was over uh our school here at Wausau we had a school board mem- a school board member from here and we had our school year then you know when we had to consolidate there was a big uh split up about our school system.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And I wasn't living here at that time but I could hear this group would go and then this other group would go and I can tell knowing something about the community what side this one was on and what side the other people was on. Well when I come back in here to get this and got this program started here
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I felt like I I like my hometown see and I hate to see uh disturbance quarreling and so on and you gonna have it. I don't mean to say everything is just roses and you talking to an angel here but when I come back in the community I say well now if I could get I looked at it this program here for a lot of benefits. If I could get people working and busy than they wouldn't be fussing all the time.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  You know if you keep someone busy they don't have time to quarrel and you know people. So when I come back down and got this program started the rea- the first one there the first day that we had here I had people from both factions working on this program and I knew it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  I'd ask this one to that and they had to sit at the same planning station you see? It was interesting to me. And uh so you'll have people this way let me put it this way uh we had an opportunity to go to the T-V station as we do every year to Dothan we'll have uh an opportunity to go to Panama City to publish the {X} Okay uh well some I I just get the word out I said now every-who wants to go down and be on T-V at a certain day be there because I can't go all over the community picking up people to go to T-V stations. This gives our kids chance to appear on the T-V you know everyone wants to be on T-V. Okay. Well I'll get the word I said everybody wants to go now be down at a certain time. And then I call certain ones I don't do it personally but I call some that don't work.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  So that I will be sure to have enough to fill on the program. Well this one say you didn't ask me to go
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  you see cause I just in person I'm just telling what actually happens. And uh so they'll you know they puff up a little bit if you {X} well I says I got the word out.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  If you'll ignore it that way then they'll stay with you. You can't you can't sympathize with people like this you see what I mean?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  They always gonna find a little thing see that they want. They want to be part of it but I like to work with people and and see them react in different ways on different things.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Some people now this year that worked well next year they won't be well I'll tell you why. A lot of times they they just won't they'll think that uh you can't get your program over. Some people's gonna say well now hey they can't do without me
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  but you can. So I just go get somebody each year there's new people that will volunteer to help.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  The man that's cutting my ay- hay out here now. Uh this is the first time I hadn't asked him because uh I didn't think that he would I mean I really uh I say well now he would be one surely that want help with something like this. But these were surprised when I asked him he said he hadn't been this year and I'd be ready to help you next year you see?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  So there's always new ones that's come in I reach way out and and get different people and we've had and we've been able to do this. This is a big job we had to cook eight hundred pounds of fish.
Interviewer:  Yes.
461:  See fry eight hundred pounds of fish we had to dress them. But then again is a it's really inspiring we we dress these fish on Friday. I get the word out I says now I have a man to go get them well you know it's planned go get the fish and ice them down I say now here we at eight hundred pounds of fish you'll never get these {X} It's always you always wonder whether you are gonna get it done or not until it's over and then when you see people coming with knives and pans to help this is just best in itself. Well we get the fish dressed you see.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then that night we come up with something different uh we had this opossum queen contest now let me tell you something about that. I know I'm I'm getting my way around but I feel like that this can be helpful with anybody any work not just here. You see what I mean?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Uh we had this opossum queen contest and we had the age limit to thirty above. See this give people an opportunity and they say it right here to uh well to peop- uh say a beauty time it it was really not that now what did do because thirty or above well you get to an age in that there's not many queen {D: release} anymore at that age. And then I said that we will not have a tape measure we were hunting that we we didn't want any to mention. You see what I'm talking about? That wouldn't be part of it but was still our fun day we had here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  That you'd get so many points for the costume so many points for the talent how you made the people laugh is what was asked you see that? And then what you'd do uh the how you'd respond to a question that was asked primarily about a opossum.
Interviewer:  {NW}
461:  And then you got uh five points I think it was for a opossum recipe, you know how you'd cook a opossum.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  We had the most fun day. A ball park was filled up the night we had this opossum queen contest.
Interviewer:  What questions can you ask about an opossum?
461:  Well somebody asked what would you do if you picked up the phone and there was an opossum on the other end you know?
Interviewer:  {NW}
461:  So some woman said she would make love with that opossum. {NW} Yeah well it was really interesting it turned out to be a lot of fun and then we had an old boy in the community here he just a clown I mean he he's got a real good personality and he just a type that's comical you know?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  So we got him to be master of ceremonies and he added a lot to it you see he dressed up. But it turned out real good and Then here was another age group that were able that was able to participate you see.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm How how big is this community is it a very old community?
461:  Yes it's a I don't remember now I believe it was I got the record on it but I can't remember right off. I don't study much about the history of it. But it was named after Wausau, Wisconsin.
Interviewer:  Oh really?
461:  Yeah. There was a man by the name of Glen that come down here well I don't want you to run your tape you maybe getting something here that you aren't looking for but we could you could save your tape but maybe I could find that. Unless I have I may done give you a copy of that. I've got some history. {NS} We've had Senator Gurney Edward Gurney US senator here. We've had Bob Sites we've had a number {NS} of state dignitaries. I wanted to see if I had a copy of the history of this look at that that appeared in the Pensacola paper on the front page. The Wausau class. See this big gopher?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Now that's what we call a gopher around here. You know I had that encyclopedia and got something that got hair on the tail you know. That's what I was talking about the other day.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  And uh well while I'm searching for this and getting back to uh {NS} oh yeah another thing too when the first day that we had here like this I'd say that there was fifty percent I'd I I'd be willing to say that they was fifty percent of the people in Wausau that stayed home the first day we had this day because they didn't think there'd be anything to it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  When we talked about having a parade in Wausau in this small community says kids participate in {X} But when we said that we were gonna have a parade in Wausau see it could be nice too. We never had one. It was interesting to listen to people march I could get I'd get and uh people would think about coming to a parade in Wausau. Here's a write up from Cosmo Science one of {X} community campus that I've ever seen when downtown Wausau {D: wasn't in the county.} Oh it's been there finally they decide on each year I introduce myself to the Wausau community fire department chairman. His working under the club was sent to ask ten thousand people participating in all their {X} Right. Ultimately happy doing a fine parade so but uh {NW} we get good coverage on it. And here's another thing. The reason you see so much here's the same fella look at him dancing. See him having fun? He's sixty-eight years old. I had him yesterday in this homecoming parade down at Vernon.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Calling hogs just giving a demonstration of calling hogs. {NS} PIG! COME HERE, PIG! You know that's old fashion hog calling you know something like that. Well he thinks that he's a champion you know oh he is. {NW} But he I had him in a truck calling hogs and he rides down these parade routes we had him in the big rodeo parade in Bonifay
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And he waves at people well I had an old lady too it was her picture's in here somewhere. She's eighty something. And uh but these people that's old hold on that a second but I I it's a really a blessing to me to see these people enjoying and say open up I certainly believe that I'm sure that he would've he wouldn't of had that much enjoyment in his lifetime without such a thing it is. I mean this has been helpful maybe there might have been something else but certainly I've added I've ad- added some joy to his life. I feel that way about it. I don't see what I'm hunting, and maybe I'm taking too much of the time, but I did want to get a copy that was running wait a here it is right here. Just the top of it {NS}
Interviewer:  Was there a lot of um Scottish settlement here?
461:  Yeah in fact I they tell me I don't know I don't study too much about my family background really
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  but they say that uh we were descendants of Scotland and Ireland.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm About how big is um Wausau?
461:  I would I would say now that uh the population within the city limits is somewhere in the neighborhood of five hundred.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Uh the registered voters here uh now this is some indication but still again you can't go by that because there's people that's voting and what I call registered voters that's voting outside of the uh city limits, they're in the community you see what I mean? So I say within the city limits itself of Wausau there's five hundred people. {NW}
Interviewer:  Where do most people work around here? Could I?
461:  You can have that. I got a extra copy. Uh okay now the biggest portion I would say of this of the income of the families in Wausau come from some uh they either come from welfare or social security or old age assistance. You see what I'm talking about? Now you talking about the most families
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I'd say the most come from that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now other other uh income is uh through th-the like I said the department of transportation in Chipley employs a lot of people here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Uh different uh
Interviewer:  Most of the young men that work work with the department of transportation or?
461:  Uh
Interviewer:  Or are there very many young people here?
461:  Yes um they some now I don't say say most of them I don't let's don't put most of them work there. Now then they's a lot of them works with the uh uh utility companies like the telephone company or power companies but it's outside of Wausau see they got to either go Panama City or got to go to Chipley.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then a lot works with the contractors you see like a building contractor's carpenter
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  or road construction. #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
461:  like this.
Interviewer:  There's no factory around?
461:  No
Interviewer:  #1 Anywhere near here? #
461:  #2 No no factories that's right. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
461:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Um tell me something about your parents now where they were born and.
461:  Um my parents were born right here. My mother was born in Wausau
Interviewer:  What about your father?
461:  He was born in Wausau.
Interviewer:  And their education?
461:  Uh just about the second grades.
Interviewer:  Both of them?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  What work did they do?
461:  My mother see now she uh passed away when I was nine days old but she was just a house wife.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  All right now my father he was a farmer and construction worker.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now he's passed away too.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Did your mother did your father remarry?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  What?
461:  He remarried my mother's sister.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  And she's still living.
Interviewer:  So she was born in #1 Wausau too. #
461:  #2 Yeah right #
Interviewer:  #1 #
461:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Do you know how much education she got about #1 the second grade? #
461:  #2 I'm about certain. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
461:  #2 #
Interviewer:  And she was a house wife too?
461:  Right. Now she's living on social security today see.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But she don't live in the city limits of Wausau so how does she live in Wausau community?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What um what about your grandparents on your mother's side?
461:  They had very little education hardly any at all
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But they were raised uh I mean born and raised in the Wausau community.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  On both sides.
Interviewer:  Gosh What work did they do?
461:  Farm.
Interviewer:  Are they the ones that were the Scotch-Irish? Or
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Do you know when when they came down here?
461:  No I don't. No.
Interviewer:  What about your um father's parents are they from Wausau too?
461:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay and probably about the same for them?
461:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  They farm?
461:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And Scotch-Irish?
461:  What's that?
Interviewer:  Scotch-Irish
461:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  descent? Um and your wife um how old is she?
461:  Thirty-seven.
Interviewer:  And her church?
461:  Same place
Interviewer:  Education?
461:  High school
Interviewer:  Is she born here?
461:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  So y'all went to high school together or?
461:  No she went to one high school and I went to uh Chipley. She went to Vernon.
Interviewer:  How far away is Vernon from here?
461:  Eight miles.
Interviewer:  It would have been closer than
461:  Oh oh I'll have to tell you about that. You see I was raised over on this side of {NW} town east. And she was raised west over here
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  right back over here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And I don't know what made it but it just because of the bus routes and their connections so that any people that lived back in this area was a tendency that they just come on to Chipley.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And the people that live west of this highway right out here there was a tendency for all them to go to Vernon.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Just one of those things.
Interviewer:  When you were growing up which um say when you went into town to get some things did you go to Chipley or Vernon? Which?
461:  We went to Chipley.
Interviewer:  Chipley was always the bigger bigger town.
461:  That's right. There was just always a tendency to go to Chipley. I never did hear my parents I'll be honest with you. In other words it come Saturday part- most of the time that was the only time we went to town.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Well I say we got to go to town and when you mention the word town well it was automatically Chipley.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm You never um Chipley was always big enough so it had you know hospitals
461:  #1 That's right #
Interviewer:  #2 and everything #
461:  #1 doctors. #
Interviewer:  #2 you needed. #
461:  Then if you needed some uh like fertilizer for the farm uh seeds then they knew that they could get it at Chipley see? That they might not have that like certain plow items like the tools for the plows you see.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Or buckets uh for the farm and stuff like that they was always felt like you'd find it in Chipley.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Panama City was never?
461:  No never. Not even Vernon. Nowhere but Chipley.
Interviewer:  And um well see what is your wife very active in um
461:  #1 Yes community and church #
Interviewer:  #2 church and the community. #
461:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # What about her parents?
461:  They had very little education. Uh I can't a- answer exactly but I know less than the eighth grade I mean you know maybe the third? Her father probably around third. Her mother might have went to the fifth but no more than any eighth grade education.
Interviewer:  Were they from around here?
461:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  They were born in Wausau?
461:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Your does your wife work?
461:  Yeah she's a beautician.
Interviewer:  Um now I'd like to get an idea of what the the house that you grew up in looked like. Could you sort of make a sketch of it #1 just #
461:  #2 Yeah #
Interviewer:  of the floor plan?
461:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  It doesn't have to be real exact but just a an idea.
461:  I'm gonna get a fellow an artist to draw me a sketch of the my home place. I I'd wished I had a picture. After you come I I I thought about I say well of all the times we never did take a picture of that house and I'll have to tell her but I know a fellow that can draw me a sketch of basically in what I was raised in.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But uh I want to do that one of these days. {NS} I'm not I'm no architect I'm in highway construction road building. {NW} Uh let's see now and there's a porch on the back. Then there was a there was a door a door here and there was a door back here. And a door here and there was a window here and a window here.
Interviewer:  Which direction did the house face?
461:  This was uh north that's south west and east.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now let me tell you something about it. This was a fireplace and see I'm gonna write this down.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Fireplace and chimney here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Okay now this is a window. It was um just a shutter we called it. There was no glass in this house. They was no glass windows. It was on hinges just like my barn door right outside.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Okay
Interviewer:  What was it built out of?
461:  It was built out of rough sawed lumber it was not planed off or finished you know I'm not not talking about planed and I can take some I can take you out there and show you the kind of lumber. In a minute we'll can walk out and and look. The kind of lumber that it was built out of. Now the board was real wide see and they were ma- out of a pine
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  boards. I'd say from ten inches now that's not part of the lumber that was in my house but I could take you today and show you some of the lumber that was in this house my aunt's got it for uh just a utility.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  uh room over where she lives some of the lumber that was in the house.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And that was about ten inches or twelve inches wide. I don't know exactly.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But it was cut at a saw mill where you can you can still see the saw marks in it you know. It was real good wood you don't find any of that now that was heart. Okay and the boards stood up this way see. And in other words when you walled it it looked just like this but there's wide boards.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And where I live in this house there was no ceiling inside.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And some places and sometimes you could put your hand in between these boards they're dry see? When actually it was built after years that lumber dried and you could put your hands in between these cracks. Now that's right. It was cold. But we we would sleep under four or five quilts you had to put that cover on you or you'd freeze.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now then uh you can get electric blanket it's just amazing how I can lay down and and uh just put a electric blanket I I don't have to have it here not even while I've got central air conditioning and heating.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But back when I was living in a sleeping in this house here in the winter time you'd have six and eight big old quilts only you'd you just couldn't turn over. {NW} That's right and I slept with my grandmother. See when my mother died my grandmother took me to raise me.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  And she died when she was about sixty-eight years old. But her and I slept together in this room right here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  No no wait a minute I'm wrong. This room this is the kitchen. I'll explain something to you in a minute. This is uh we'll say I don't know whether you'd call it a bedroom or not but there was a bed in here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And uh wait a minute I failed to get a window right here. This was a shutter window here I know. There was a bed in this room this is a big room see here?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I mean big. Here was a big room and then there was a breezeway they called it in between here see it was open.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then there was a porch down all the way across the front here and there was a porch all the way across the back.
Interviewer:  That breezeway there was open?
461:  Yeah it was open. It was open.
Interviewer:  No roof on that then?
461:  Uh yeah there was a roof you see it was open oh let me see how I can
Interviewer:  Oh you mean you there wasn't a wall here separating it?
461:  Uh-uh no uh you see what it was uh the house the top you know and so on. Well the breezeway was open through here see here?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Was open through here. You see now this is the floor plan looking down
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  on it see here? And then you had the top and then through here was what they call a breezeway and then there was a porch swing that was set under here i-in under here see?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And uh this is what they called a breezeway now. See this was open th- this is a design that a lot of houses were built in this area.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Around in there at that time. But there's not any left now like this that I've I know of I'd I'd take you and we'd look at. But there's not any left.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But this was a big room see just like this this room that was under the the top you see what I mean there was a top of it. This was open. This was another big room back here. And then there was a porch. Just like that right there on the back of that house all the way across it. And then there was one on front just like my front porch all the way across this.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now this is the steps that you walked up into the house here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now this was the kitchen and this was a walkway I put a walkway open.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And there was no top on this. In other words you had a top on this part of the house here and you had a top on this kitchen part it was just another uh building by itself but there was a walkway here it had boards that you'd walk across here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And I asked why that you had this walkway across here to go to this thing. This is the kitchen where people went to cook and eat see?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  They said well the only thing somebody made the remark to me I don't know who it was that this was fixed this way in case this got a fire that it wouldn't burn the house but they wasn't nothing to that because really you know people might of thought that. But if this building here had to got a fire a close as it would well I imagine nine times out of ten it would set this building afire because this was about fifteen feet.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm you couldn't tear that down in time?
461:  You see I mean uh I don't know wha- I think the idea back in those days to build these buildings like this was what they said. Somewhere they had got it that if the kitchen see this is where they did their a lot of their cooking see the stove you put wood in the stove then lit it. Wasn't an electric stove or gas. But they'd put wood in here and cook and if this part got afire than it wouldn't burn this up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Is the reason they had it off to itself. This was one big room they was no partitions in it you had a table sitting over here you had a stove here now all these is wood shutters this is a window with just a wood shutter that worked on hinges.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  This is a door back here and then this was a door here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And steps in in front see that?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  You did all your cooking and eating here and you had what we called we now you said you was gonna ask me we we had what's we called a safe.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  This is where we put our food and kept it from one meal to the next. We didn't have a refrigerator. It was a cabinet type thing just like this over here with screen wire in the front.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And you'd set biscuits corn bread and stuff in there like that. {NW} And then we had a big barrel. Tell you something here. You you talking about these old oak barrels
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  we kept our corn meal in this barrel. Uh you know what a barrel is you know what I'm talking about? Fi- about fifty-five gallons capacity. We'd keep the corn meal in there in this barrel.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And uh so you'd reach in and take the corn meal out and make these hoe cakes and corn pone that I'm talking about but we kept it in a big barrel.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And I remember one time that my aunt lived with me and my grandma see she took me and raised me when my mother died and I got it then to be a boy I don't know how old I was may- say ten years old.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And I heard her say one time my aunt she's living now over here. And she looked in that barrel there was me and my grandmother and my aunt and then my aunt married and then her husband come and there was four of us living together in this house but there was three at one time. I heard my aunt say she looked in that barrel she says meal is just about out.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then my old grandmother over here and she said don't worry the good Lord will provide.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I said well one of these days I'm gonna see a man with long beard and long hair pouring some meal in that bar- I thought she meant I you know it was just a thought it come to my mind.
Interviewer:  {NW}
461:  I says I'm afraid to come in see it was a building all by itself I says I I'm gonna be afraid to go in here because I see this fellow you know it's some fear #1 there. #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah. #
461:  And when I heard her say that that's something that I've always remembered she said that.
Interviewer:  {NW}
461:  But that was her faith that she had. Now she would walk from here to Wausau right down here in the heart of this little town.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And I believe that it was measured. I think it's about four miles now by highway. But the way she walked I'd say it was a good four and a half or five miles.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And my grandmother died when she was about I think sixty-eight or sixty-nine. But she didn't work any for a few years before she died. I'd say at sixty years old to sixty five now I'm gonna put it that way. From sixty to sixty.five she walked now she didn't ride no mule and wagon no she didn't ride a car she walked by foot from here to sew in a sewing room. It was part of the W-P-A.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Or P-W-A or what you want to call it back in those days.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Uh she would walk from here and sew and walk back home during the day. For to provide her livelihood now she did this.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  That was the only income in that house at that time see until my aunt married and her husband began to fish down at Panama City. He'd go out on the fish boats and he'd stay for a week or two at a time and then come in every so often. But he started fishing and there was some more income to come into the house.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What what do you call these rooms? What this was the kitchen and then you didn't tell me the names for those.
461:  Well now well this is the kitchen and we call this right here the big house.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  In the big house. Uh and then this is right in right here is just what we called the back room.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  You see there? Now when my aunt married well before she married like I said me and my grandmother when the three of us was home
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  me and her slept in a bed here. Now there was no partitions in these rooms what so ever.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  They's no partitions back here There was a bed here and then there was a {NS} I don't know really well we call it uh well we kept our quilts and clothes over here. I don't know there might have been a name for it and you you it would be good if you have that but I can't think of think of it right now. But it's like the safe that I was telling you about that we kept our food in but we kept our clothes in it. Clothes well it wasn't a clothes closet that's too big a word to use but it was where we kept our quilts and our clothing over in this corner. Then we had a dresser over here we had another dresser over here we had two dressers in that house and we had a a large type uh phonograph I believe it was RCA. It stood way up here with a crank on it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Right right over here. And a dresser here and a dresser here and then this fireplace see see here?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And we would build a fire this is our heater this is the only kind of heat we had. Other than what was on the stove but here when we cooked in in the stove. The stove was here our dining table was here we had a what we called uh cabinet. Uh to keep flour and and so on in.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And uh all this was in here there was no partition in here. But the only heat was uh heat from this stove when we put wood in it that we had to cut. And put biscuits in the oven to bake them and food on top to cook it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then this fireplace was the only source of heat we had here. Then while I'm thinking about it the only source of water that we had was in a we called it a branch.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  It was a small stream that run this way.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Uh the source of water was out that branch and we took a bucket went down and dipped it up and brought it back and set it right out here this porch extended on across here all the way in front. We had a place right over here and we'd set the buckets of water right up here.
Interviewer:  What did you call that place on the porch?
461:  Piazza
Interviewer:  What's what's a piazza?
461:  It's a porch.
Interviewer:  Is it a special kind of porch or just any porch?
461:  Well now I don't know whether it's a special but uh I'll I known it I I knew it as a piazza uh I just got it from my grand grandmother now if whether it was qualified as a piazza here I don't know. They usually didn't say porch. They say on the piazza.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  See what I mean? This is what we call this thing in front here just like this.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  This is what that's what we call.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I guess and uh but our source of water's from this branch.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then we'd iron uh when my aunt would iron clothes my grandmother we had wood that we'd put in this fireplace
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  and heat it. And take these irons I got some right in there for book ends or something stand them up and right before that real hot fire.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And I would take something and wipe that sud off of them
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  and then get down and iron with it.
Interviewer:  I don't see how people do that.
461:  #1 I know. #
Interviewer:  #2 I'd be so #
461:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
461:  And then another thing I want to tell you about uh I remember we had a few chickens
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  we didn't maybe we had a few cows just we had a few chickens and a few cows. When I say few five or six I mean. Few hogs we weren't what you'd call big time farmers it uh l-like so many acres and so on you know. But I remember one time here in the chicken lay. Now I don't think food was that scarce really I was just a young boy you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But I heared a roost- I mean a chicken cackle and I knew that she had laid and I said well we're gonna have something to eat. That egg. Now I can remember that but like I said I was a young boy and probably uh you know we had some more food I know we had some corn bread and so on but. Oh and I'm just being honest with you it was poor people
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  that had very little money and very little to eat
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  while we had maybe a lot of what we had corn bread and peas and When the pea season uh vegetables in the garden and eggs but uh like steak and so on until my aunt married and her husband began to work then we had a different type of eating. He was able to make money and we'd had a different type of food.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And all of these like I said was door shutters there was no screens.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I can think about it now. And there was flies those days just like there are now. But we didn't have screens.
Interviewer:  Yeah
461:  We didn't have any. It was no glass worry about breaking a glass with a ball football or baseball. And uh the baseball I don't remember ever having a baseball. I do remember fixing balls out of a sock packing it with stuff.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then I remember one football that my uh cousin somehow he got ahold of an old football and we was getting on up then uh getting ready to go to high school. I mu- I must of been in the seventh or eighth grade.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And he got an old football somewhere and we played with it a bit. So when I went to Chipley high school I didn't know much about football. Didn't know anything about the fundamentals of it. I did get to see how one was shaped.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  They just didn't do that around here at that time. But now and then I played a little bit of football I got to know what it is. But I got a boy now playing in the seventh grade see.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  He knows I didn't I didn't I didn't get to do that you see.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Um
461:  Maybe you ask me I you just.
Interviewer:  Um talk about the the fireplace you know um the what did you call the that open place on the floor? In front of the fireplace.
461:  The hearth?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  And um what about the things that you'd set the wood on?
461:  Uh we called those uh the fire dogs.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and the part um what about the part over the fireplace?
461:  Mantle.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear an older name for that?
461:  No.
Interviewer:  Mantle piece or mantle #1 shelf. #
461:  #2 Oh well now wait a minute # it was mantle piece.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Okay I can help if you'll ask me that now. I I to find out what you want. Now it was known as a mantle piece.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  That's right.
Interviewer:  What about um say if you were gonna start a fire what kind of wood would you use to start it with?
461:  Uh what we called what we did that we'd always get in some fat splinters. {NW}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now that's how I know how I knew it. And when I said fat splinters that is a a light weight wood we call and it's pine wood.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  That's uh fallen and it's just a hard it's nothing but it's real when I said fat that is the tar would run out of it. You know what I mean? But we'd say you got some fat wood in to build a fire with. Well I knew what fat wood was
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  it was that pine wood. Now I don't know about the general area of this uh in this general area whether they call that fat wood or not but it's either fat wood or fat splinters. Uh Fat splinters is what it was.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What about the word kindling did you
461:  #1 No. No. #
Interviewer:  #2 ever use that? #
461:  We used splinters.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm it's is kindling something different or?
461:  Uh no it's the same thing but it's uh we use the word splinters #1 and then #
Interviewer:  #2 uh-huh #
461:  kindling is the same thing.
Interviewer:  {X}
461:  Splinters you see what it is if you take just a splint if you break something you pull it off pieces of wood off.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Uh we well what we used uh the word we used was splinters.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And what we did we just take a axe and chip off small pieces.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Stack it over here and then that would start the fire right quick like see.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and um the thing that you have to shovel out of the fireplace?
461:  Uh well now we didn't I don't know any word that we use there. What we'd always do we'd take a sh- piece of tin.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  We didn't have this. I got one in here now and don't know even what to call it
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  other than a shovel. But we'd take a piece of tin to take these ashes we didn't have one of those things that to dig ashes out with.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  We'd get something that would do the job and that was it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  It didn't have a name as fas as I know.
Interviewer:  And um talking about things that you'd have in a room like that thing there would be called a?
461:  {X}
Interviewer:  Or no just the what that is that you could sit in.
461:  Well uh all that we only thing that we had we had a straight chair.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Or either we had a rocking chair.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Or we had a tobacco gum.
Interviewer:  A tobacco gum?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  What's that?
461:  Okay now it's a it's a hollow log.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Okay and you know it's a log that's got a hollow. And then they would raise tobacco and twist it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And uh you gotta cure it now I don't know how to do that. I was young.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But you put that tobacco down and you see you you cut off a piece of log so long, about this long.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Set it down
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  and put that tobacco down in there. Stack it somewhere in there. Okay then you take a another piece of wood and set down inside of that hollow just about as big just so it would go down there.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then you take a long tree and someway anchor it and put a weight back here and press that down in that log. That's how they press their tobacco.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Okay then uh maybe an old tobacco gum that's what they call it tobacco gum. Now that's an old word and it's real common. I wished I could find one today. You know and we had we had some of them one or two. But uh you take that then see that hollow log and then took put a piece a well like I think they oh yeah they kept something on top of that. Something like this.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And underneath it it had something else that would press down and press that you could sit on it then it would make a little stool see.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And maybe you still kept your tobacco in it you see? And it just preserved it. In other words this is where you kept tobacco but you had to press it for a few of the times.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now I I don't know how you how you did that but there's people here in this community could tell you how to cure tobacco. You see this old tobacco bought these days that's twisted? Now there's people in this community and they can tell you how to do it. They they raised it.
Interviewer:  They don't raise it here #1 anymore do they? #
461:  #2 No # no
Interviewer:  Any particular reason #1 people just don't farm out? #
461:  #2 I don't know why they just # well one reason there's not as much as that uh okay there's as I don't believe that there's as much well I better not say that old fashioned chewing tobacco as there used to be.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now there's a lot of snuff dipping around here
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  and uh there's a lot of tobacco chewing but it's more less likely sweet tobacco but just plugs.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But as far as that old twist tobacco and the old now they used to chew that and then they also used to cut it up and put it in pipes.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  There's not as much pipe smoking around here as there used to be.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  You see your older people used to smoke pipes. I don't know what it is uh probably uh the advertisement I mean the on TV the communication's now about cancer and so on uh there's a lot of smoking but you don't have the old old people sitting around smoking pipes and nicotine all them years like used times.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Um
461:  I think it's so much trouble to raise that tobacco. They can go buy it when money's a little more available. See they can go down and buy them some tobacco. There's a lot of work and to raise this tobacco I was talking about. They can go down and buy them a plug they they get money these old people now that would do this is getting some money with this welfare bill. They go buy it they just they not gonna work to
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah. #
461:  #2 raise it see? #
Interviewer:  #1 #
461:  #2 #
Interviewer:  And um this thing that we're sitting on you'd call that a?
461:  Well now we didn't have this back then.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And I'll I just learned I I call it a couch.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and other names?
461:  No.
Interviewer:  What about sofa?
461:  Well I've heard of it but uh you want the common word that that we use?
Interviewer:  Well just the different names that you've heard.
461:  Oh I've heard I've heard it uh sofa and couch. Our our common we we commonly call it couch.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and um talking about things that you might have in a in a room to um to keep clothes in. What did you mentioned a dresser um what what did you have that you could um could hang your clothes in?
461:  Uh well we had a uh a cabinet type chifforobe.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  That's it. Back in those days now we got a I got a a closet back here where we hang our {X} But we didn't have a closet when I was coming up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  In other words we hung them in the chifforobe.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And that was a cabinet type thing with some doors on it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  We was able now when we had one and that's where we hung our clothes.
Interviewer:  What about something with drawers in it?
461:  Uh we call it the chest.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Most common I don't know anybody anybody that got another name and I just can't can't think of it I we I know as a chest. If I wanted uh pair of overalls or socks I went and looked in my drawer
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  in my chest. Just an old cabinet type thing with drawers in it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Did you ever hear of something called a wardrobe?
461:  Yeah but we didn't use it. I heard that word. Wardrobe. Yeah but we didn't use that.
Interviewer:  Do you know what it it looked like or mean you just hear of it?
461:  I just heard of it and I figured it was the same thing that uh that chest.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Well I I wouldn't was n- and I had uh uh that I knew as a chest it was the same thing as a wardrobe. Now it might have been different I really don't know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But that's how I associate them.
Interviewer:  And um something well that you would have now maybe and in windows. Something on rollers that you could pull down.
461:  Oh yeah the window weights?
Interviewer:  Well um I've seen something on um on rollers that you could pull down to keep out the light.
461:  Shades?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm #1 What was #
461:  #2 We didn't have any. #
Interviewer:  Uh-huh What was the window weights? What's?
461:  Okay now you see here again Uh I'm just telling you these words that I knew because uh I learned these window weights now we had glass windows at school.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And we had shades but where you had these wood shutters you didn't need that you didn't need a window weight and you didn't need shades.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  See it was just a window shutter. When you open it it was wide open.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Okay now the window weights uh let's see yeah was at was at school there was big windows and they were two-pieced you see about halfway.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  You could take your hand and slide it up
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  well back down inside the walls uh s- rope had went and tied to that bottom part of the window and and down in that wall was a weight. It helped you when you picked it up it would it would go down it was helping you pull see that?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then the shades was rolled something about like this curtain rod and you could pull it down and just snap it a little bit you know pull it a little bit and it would zip back up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Just roll up like a piece of paper.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But we I never did have any experience of using that as far as in my personal life.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But we did at school.
Interviewer:  What would you call um what would be a general name for all the things that you'd have in the house the chairs and tables and so forth.
461:  Um I don't know I might that word may have {X} that we use back in those days but it certainly wasn't the word furniture.
Interviewer:  You didn't call it that?
461:  No
Interviewer:  What about something like um house fixings or plunder or tricks? Does any of that sound familiar?
461:  I don't think so. I'd say that the most word that would be fitting there that we would use back in in in that time now I would call it furniture today.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I learned that but I'm talking about from the time that uh these uh words that I learned and I found out that they were different after I got that certain amount of education.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Uh but back in the days when I was coming up we certainly didn't call it furniture.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Maybe uh I I just don't know uh where it would combine all these items inside of a house and just what we did call it it passing my mind if we ever did.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I just I can't associate a word that would be fitting for this.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But it certainly wouldn't be furniture.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm That's something you learned?
461:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  What about um a small room off the kitchen? Yeah I don't think you had it in in your house but do do you know about that having a little well room off the kitchen where you could keep canned goods and things?
461:  No we didn't have it.
Interviewer:  Do do you know what it's called?
461:  No.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of pantry or kitchen closet or anything?
461:  No no but I I'm fixing to come up with something that uh. I'll tell you what we did now.
Interviewer:  What's that?
461:  Where's that piece of paper? Okay now off to the side about in this general area right over here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then somewhere back on over in here was a old barn.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Something like I got yonder. But this was a barn over here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And this is what we called smokehouse.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  You see? Now there was no other buildings but but these three.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I mean this the smokehouse and the barn.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Well uh uh there was a what we called outhouse.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Okay?
Interviewer:  Any other name
461:  #1 You want the truth don't you? #
Interviewer:  #2 for that? #
461:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # Uh-huh did you ever have any other names for #1 the outhouse? #
461:  #2 Well I've heard # privies and everything but you want the word that we used.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh or any words that you
461:  #1 Outhouse, privy #
Interviewer:  #2 you've heard. #
461:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
461:  But outhouse is what we #1 know #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
461:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
461:  Well now what we did here in the smokehouse see we would raise hogs and kill them.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And uh cure the meat by putting salt on it. After we killed it salt it real good and let it lay out on the ground. See we'd kill hogs in the cold weather you had to on account that the meat would spoil.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  You had to do it in dead winter. Uh either when the weather was cold. You'd kill these hogs scrape them and dress them and everything down near this branch right here see.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Where the water would be available and then uh cut the hogs up in small pieces and then finally get them back up here and salt it lay it out on pine tops.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  What we call pine tops is these pine trees now break them off and lay them down on the ground and lay this meat out when you'd salt it real good.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Let it lay out I don't know one night I think and then you'd take it and pack it in a big old barrel. Somebody that knows how to cure it now I don't I don't know the art of that see I was young and I've never really did this.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Uh but after so many days you'd take it out of that salt that barrel out of the barrel and hang it up on poles inside of this house and put oak wood and start a smoke under it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And smoke it so many days
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  until it was cured and that meat would hang throughout well it wasn't it would hang the whole year if there was enough of it but we'd always eat it and there wouldn't we enough to last.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But it would go on in the summer. This meat could hang there in the summer after it was cured and still wouldn't spoil because it was cured with that salt.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  So in here now we kept a number of things like oh yeah uh like uh jars of uh peas. See we didn't put them in the deep freezer and we put peas in jars you had to cook them and uh uh shell them and and put them in a jar and and then put them in the wash pot.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And boil them in that glass jar. So long
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then we'd set some in the smokehouse you see on the shelves and stuff that went down here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then inside this kitchen like where we kept uh small canned goods that we'd get ahold of every now and then like bags of beans and uh uh little cans of pet milk and stuff like that I'm talking about little old goods like that. Well there'd be a little old cabinet or something here that we'd stick it in but we didn't have a room off to the side as far as storage other than the smokehouse right here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  What about um
461:  That's where it gots i- got it's name. See smokehouse is where we'd smoke that meat.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Um the top part the covering on the the top of the house you'd call that the? {NW}
461:  Well we call it uh we call it the roof.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm you know there's a
461:  But then now the top of that was made out of a uh well uh if the top of the house was caught on fire and say that the top of the house caught on fire well uh it was out of a board.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  They were bursted in in out of uh cypress board.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What um of course they wouldn't of had this then but now a days you might have something along the edge of the roof to carry the water off?
461:  I don't think we had that.
Interviewer:  Do you have that on on your house now?
461:  Now you talking about uh uh the uh what uh the gutter out there?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  We didn't have that. I don't have it here.
Interviewer:  What's the gutter exactly is that built on or does it built in or does it hang on there or?
461:  Um you talking about on any house?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I think I've seen them both ways. Sometimes it's built on the edge and then sometimes it's uh it's not connected on to the edge of the house.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I just don't know I've had no experience with gutters.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What about when you have a house at an L? You know on that low place in the roof where they come together. Do you know what that's called?
461:  No I don't think so.
Interviewer:  And um say if you had a lot of old worthless things that you were gonna throw out you say you know that's not good anymore that's just?
461:  You know what I what we call it then?
Interviewer:  What?
461:  We call it junk then.
Interviewer:  Uh huh
461:  But now then we call it antiques. {NW} Here's something I want to show you. {NS} See {NS} I'm crazy about these now this is ox yoke.
Interviewer:  Huh
461:  See here's one here this small one here my daddy made that. You you put that on ox's neck you know how it is with a cart?
Interviewer:  Uh huh
461:  And put these things through that ring and he would pull that cart. One ox would do that see on it this is a single yoke.
Interviewer:  Huh
461:  And here's a double yoke.
Interviewer:  Uh huh
461:  Now what's missing is that piece of wood that's been in the bow the bows see there was two one went in here and one over here but they're missing.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And it would uh two oxen would pull this you see?
Interviewer:  Hmm
461:  Now this is what we called a ox yoke back then and they they would keep care of things they wouldn't throw anything away like this. See they had to have this.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But something that they didn't need was junk.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Like an old sewing machine?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  when it got to where it wasn't any good it was junk.
Interviewer:  Uh huh {NW} Where would you keep the junk if if you didn't throw it out? #1 Say um #
461:  #2 we keep it in this # uh okay well like old plow tools anything that was out of iron or steel see we'd just pile it up in the corner somewhere.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And save it because the junk man would be by. We'd save a little junk out.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And uh the rest of this stuff that we would consider junk we'd either put it around in the smokehouse now you had to be careful with what items you put in that smokehouse because that salt would rust any kind of metal.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But if you had say something like a ox yoke out of wood that you might need and uh well you might can s- you know how people they're gonna keep a little bit even though it junk they still let it lay around I guess.
Interviewer:  #1 But um #
461:  #2 yeah #
Interviewer:  #1 #
461:  #2 # they'd put it in that smokehouse or around in the barn. Most of the time they very little bit of stuff that was actually throwed away.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Did you have a special building though something called a junk room or plunder room?
461:  No no we don't.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and um tell me about the the work that a woman would have to do you say if the house were all messy she'd say she'd have to?
461:  Clean up the house.
Interviewer:  Okay and what people would sweep with you'd call that a?
461:  We call it a broom.
Interviewer:  And say if the if the broom was in a corner and the door was open so that the door was sort of hiding the broom you'd say that the broom was? Where?
461:  In uh in the door jamb?
Interviewer:  Well yeah with the the door's open so you the door's sort of hiding the broom you'd say the broom was?
461:  Well what we do is say uh uh
Interviewer:  In relation to the door the broom was?
461:  Well I we'd always say look behind the door.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um say if you you mentioned um the steps you'd have from a porch to the ground to the porch. What if you had a two story house to get from the first floor to the second floor you'd have a? Would you call those steps if you were inside the house?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  So steps
461:  We wouldn't say uh uh stairs is what you're talking about?
Interviewer:  Is wh-which would you call it?
461:  We'd call it steps.
Interviewer:  #1 Inside? #
461:  #2 {X} # Yeah that's like it is on this house I showed you awhile ago. We either had the front steps or back steps to the big house or the kitchen. We knew what we was talking about. We always referred to it as steps.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm what what about on a two story house though?
461:  I'd consider it the same way. I never had any experience but anytime I look at it now it's steps.
Interviewer:  Uh huh and um you say years ago on Monday woman usually did the?
461:  Washing.
Interviewer:  And on Tuesday?
461:  I'd say ironing.
Interviewer:  Okay is there any um anything you might call both washing and ironing together any one word you'd use for that?
461:  Well uh now I tell you what they would do they say I got to do my washing and ironing. Now that was one of the first things that they would do on the weekends. You could go somebody would come to visit but I could hear the conversation. Well you'd hear the ladies talk says I I tomorrow I'm gonna have to do my washing and ironing first before they do anything. Say let's go fishing during the week I just use that for an example.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  I've got to do my washing and ironing but you can't do that in one day.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  It'd take all day to wash because they had to boil the clothes in this wash pot.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  They had to take them out and scrub them and hang them on the line and let them dry.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then it was always uh with us now it was a two day affair or more. Because uh the lady wouldn't just get in when she got up on the bed out of the bed on Tuesday morning and just iron all day. Although they would spend a lot of time hours at a time ironing.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But there may be a few pieces that uh had would have to have special care like different types of materials.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Uh you'd have to starch them. You see what they'd do they put them in this starch
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  and then they would have to dry. You'd have what you call your rough dry clothes.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  That's where they didn't need any starch. And then you'd have your starch clothes see there was two irons really.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm what um now a days say a bachelor if he sent his shirts into town to get them cleaned you'd send them in to a?
461:  Into a laundry.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Did you how do you use that word laundry? Do you ever use laundry instead of washing and ironing?
461:  Yeah no no I didn't know what a laundry was I picked this up after I you know got out and knew that there was such things as laundry.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now then we take our clothes to the laundry. We don't take them to have them washed and dried. I mean ironed. But then it was either washing and iron ironing we didn't know what laundry was.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm um talking about porches again for a minute um did you ever hear of any different kinds of porches besides the um the one you mentioned with P?
461:  Piazza.
Interviewer:  Piazza
461:  and well I don't think so right now.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of um say a porch that went around more than one side of the house did you ever hear that called anything special?
461:  No.
Interviewer:  Okay um and if the door was open and you didn't want it to be you'd tell someone to?
461:  Shut it.
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  Shut the door.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um
461:  Not close it but shut it then.
Interviewer:  What would you say now?
461:  Close the door.
Interviewer:  Uh huh and you know sometimes on houses you'd have these boards that would lap over each other like this.
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  But on the outside of the house do you remember what that's called?
461:  Weather board?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay um and say if you were um if you had
461:  But we never did have any of the lap boarding.
Interviewer:  What did you?
461:  Well that's what I'm talking about I know that uh the design of this these buildings here
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  the boards always run up and down
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  see they didn't lap like youse talking about.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Okay then when the board was put side to side
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  and over the years as they dried out then it would leave a big crack. Now then they used to come some of them did and then on certain parts of that house that I was raised in had it. Uh but some didn't they might've did when they first built the house but you see when it left that crack, and they would do it when they first built the house they would come with a small strip about that wide
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  on the outside and cover that crack up and nail it with smaller nails over that crack. #1 You see? #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm #
461:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
461:  Because it would it would leave cracks you could stick your hand through sometimes. You could see out.
Interviewer:  I bet that got cold.
461:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  Say if if you were gonna hang up a picture or something you'd say I took the hammer and I what the nail in to the wall?
461:  {D: Club}
Interviewer:  And you say um if it didn't get in far enough you'd say it's gotta be what in further?
461:  It's gotta be drove further in.
Interviewer:  Okay and um you say I pick up the hammer and I what the nail in?
461:  What's that again now?
Interviewer:  You say I pick up the hammer and I what the nail in?
461:  Drove it in?
Interviewer:  Or I will pick I will what the nail in?
461:  Drive it in.
Interviewer:  Okay and um what different you mention you had the barn um where did you keep the corn? #1 Did you have a special place? #
461:  #2 We had a crib. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
461:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Was that a special part of the barn or what?
461:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  What does your barn look like?
461:  Uh you want me to draw it?
Interviewer:  No just just sorta tell me about.
461:  Okay well now you had uh you had a big shed and cover like this out here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And under the underneath you had a room built off just like I got it out here now.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  You had four sides to it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  You put corn in that see alright that's the crib. Okay uh now underneath it where you'd keep your live stock out of the weather well you got stalls.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But the crib is that place that you kept your corn.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Where did you keep the hay?
461:  In the loft L-O-F-T
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Did you ever of um
461:  Hay loft.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm what if you didn't what if you had too much hay to to put up in the loft did did you ever leave it outside? Did you ever see a way of keeping it #1 outside? #
461:  #2 Yeah # I've seen hay stack.
Interviewer:  Uh huh anything else?
461:  No I my my here's my here's my pasture now but that's uh basically what we use is a hay stack.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm what about um you know when you first cut the hay course now they they bale hay but it used to when when you first cut it and you let it dry and you'd rake it up in these little piles and then you know take a pitch fork and you know stack it or something. Did you have a name for those little piles that you'd rake up?
461:  Uh I don't think so. Now here's something here that might be helpful. You're talking about somebody that was raised on a small farm and not on a big farm.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Uh but what we did when we started talking about hay we had uh very little bit of what we call hay today.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But now we used to plant corn.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then at the certain time after the corn's year had made I mean as much as it was going to make seeming we'd get out and pull that blade off that corn.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Strip that stock.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then okay take it and then bundle it up in your arm and then take one of the blades and wrap around it and tie it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  That's what we'd call fodder.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then we'd stack that uh and let it dry further dry and then take it and then go put it in the barn in certain places but uh basically speaking we uh cultivated more fodder than we did hay.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Um you mentioned that you you had um wha- wha- you mentioned the shed what what was the shed exactly? What did you keep in the shed?
461:  Uh like wagons
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  plow tools
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  and uh and when I said a shed I'm talking about that area that is a cover for something.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And underneath it you'd keep like wagons or plow tools and so on.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm did you ever have a special place for keeping wood?
461:  No we kept ours on the back porch is all we we talk about wood pile.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm You never had wood house or wood shed or? What about um a place well now days where you'd turn your cows out to graze you'd call that a?
461:  Uh all right now you see here again I'm telling you what I knew
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  and my experiences. Then we didn't have a pasture
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  we had open range.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And uh the the few cows that we had we either had them in the field and what I'm talking about now we have you turned the cows in the field yet.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  That was in the area that we had cultivated.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm #
461:  #2 See it was # the corn had been gathered
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  and then have you turned the cows in the field? Okay we put them in the field that's where we'd cultivate it but up to that time we had turned them in the woods.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  That was out on open range.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What if you wanted to um make a uh piece of land um real fertile did you you might fence it it in and put the cows in there.
461:  That's right.
Interviewer:  What what was that called?
461:  Manure.
Interviewer:  And what what was the um the fenced in place called?
461:  Cow pen Now we now let me tell you what {X} We didn't do that now what we did we had what we call a cow pen. See these cows was in the open range and they were still uh gentle enough that when they come up they knew where they go.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  They went into this what we called a cow pen it was a a large area that was fenced off.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But as far as to make the ground fertile it wasn't primarily for that it was just a place to contain these cattle. But then there'd be certain times that we would fence off a smaller portion of this and put a garden. You see what I mean?
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm #
461:  #2 Because # we knew it much fertile.
Interviewer:  What would you um say if you planted a big area maybe corn you'd call that a field but what if you had a smaller?
461:  Patch
Interviewer:  A what what would grow in a patch now?
461:  Peas
Interviewer:  A piece?
461:  Peas.
Interviewer:  Peas
461:  and uh say cotton. Now listen you talk to a smaller farmer here now.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Okay now all right we had I don't even re-remember now how many acres was in. See my grandmother and my aunt and and and myself
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  well okay we we couldn't farm you see this but we had an uncle my uh mother's brother well he lived over on this same property. See I'm talking about a hundred and something acres I think. Well he lived over and he would farm this land
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  and my grandmother she was working and she would furnish the guano and the seed and so on and he would fur- he would do all the plowing and then he would give her uh meal and and uh meat when the hogs was killed. So he was actually providing food in a way for two families his and ours there for a time see?
Interviewer:  You say she would furnish the what?
461:  The we called it guano then we didn't call it fertilizer.
Interviewer:  U-
461:  Guano G- G-U-A-N-O? Guano.
Interviewer:  Never heard that word.
461:  Yeah that's uh just like today. You buy fertilizer in the bag. They used to call it guano and it was on the bag. G- G-U-A-N-O. I I bets it's in uh encyclopedia now. It was a commercial fertilizer.
Interviewer:  Uh huh What did you call the sacks that it would come in?
461:  The sack that it'd come in?
Interviewer:  Uh huh
461:  Guano sack. And that's what they'd make shirts out of along then. They had it was out of cloth.
Interviewer:  Uh huh
461:  And yeah you might of heard this uh this old farm boy says uh what size shirt you wearing? He says I don't know. I think it's {D: fourteen sacks} {NW} But along then the sacks would have it was uh made out of cloth.
Interviewer:  Uh huh
461:  And uh it was guano.
Interviewer:  Was that that rough?
461:  Now listen I've got a I've got uh uh plow here I want to go out in a minute and just show you some of these things.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  It's what we call a guano knocker. You'd put this uh guano in a hopper and it would you know beep-p-p-p-p-
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Well they call it guano eh uh fertilizer strip just now as a modern word.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Uh fertilizer strip it with the strip uh gua- uh fertilizer. Well then it was guano.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm what was this that rough cloth now? That rough brown cloth?
461:  No that's burlap or either uh wait I didn't we didn't call it burlap we called it corn sack.
Interviewer:  Uh huh
461:  Now we always called that a corn sack but it's a burlap bag now.
Interviewer:  Uh huh what about croa-
461:  Croaker sack? yeah but now listen uh I didn't know I I've heard that word but I don't think I heard it back in my younger days. I knew it as a corn sack.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh. #
461:  #2 And I don't know # how it got its word really corn because there's a number of things that could be in these particular sacks.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  At that time but I knew it and when they said a corn sack I knew what to go pick up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now then if you tell me to go get a croaker sack, a burlap bag, or corn sack well really corn sack now uh right now speaking about if I told my boy to go get a corn sack they might go get it but I I believe if I told them to go get a croaker or burlap bag they would go pick up a corn sack.
Interviewer:  But this gu- guano
461:  Guano?
Interviewer:  sack was was something different it was
461:  Yeah it was different. It was uh {NS} it was a smoother cloth.
Interviewer:  Uh huh
461:  And still it didn't have a finished like uh you you know what I'm talking I don't what I'm talking about but anyways it was uh
Interviewer:  What color was it?
461:  Um white.
Interviewer:  Uh huh
461:  and it spelt guano and then it had the uh analysis on the back four percent {D: five} and ten
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  and so on just like the uh paper bags that's got the date
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  but it was out of a cloth bag.
Interviewer:  What did flour used to come in? #1 If you didn't #
461:  #2 Uh it'd # come in uh uh same uh it would come in a uh cloth sack too. But it was smoother material than this guano.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now those flour sacks was a real uh fine material I mean as a piece of cloth is concerned.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then they were different designs or they'd make pillow cases out of or either some people make dresses or shirts
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  out of sacks.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Feed sacks were the same way.
Interviewer:  #1 Feed? #
461:  #2 Cow feed #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  when you bought it.
Interviewer:  Um you said you had you had hogs um where did you keep them if you wanted to if you did have a fenced in place?
461:  That was a hog pen.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  It wasn't no question about that hog pen And then we had what they call a hog trough. That's where they'd eat.
Interviewer:  Uh huh
461:  T- R-O-U-G-H
Interviewer:  Say if you were talking about several of those you'd say you had several?
461:  Head of hogs.
Interviewer:  Or several hog to feed them in you'd say you had three or four
461:  Hog troughs
Interviewer:  Okay and um a place now a days where where you'd um they have a a farm where they'd have a lot of milk cows and they'd sell the the cow they'd sell the milk and and butter. You'd call that farm a?
461:  Call that farm.
Interviewer:  Well what what would you call the big sort of commercial um milk farm? #1 You'd call that a? #
461:  #2 Dairy #
Interviewer:  #1 #
461:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Okay did and where did you used to keep milk and butter before you had refrigerators?
461:  Uh we'd keep it again in the safe.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  That's the only thing that we had to keep food in we didn't have no refrigerator. Uh no deep freezers. No now the only way that we had ice teller would come buy on the ice truck
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  and we'd take it and sometimes if we had a box and then we'd take these burlap bags or corn sacks that I was talking about cover these blocks of ice up
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm #
461:  #2 to preserve it # keep it from melting. And then another thing that we did we'd dig a hole in this smokehouse
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  dig a hole and build a box and put that ice in that and cover it. Then you'd go out and chip it off and wash it off when we're gonna use it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Uh but as far as milk we didn't have any butter. The only butter we'd had that we'd buy it at the store. And we'd use it uh {X} so fast that we wouldn't have any problem with it. This is just like milk. Now the cows that we had we had what we'd call the Piney woods cows.
Interviewer:  Piney woods cows?
461:  Yeah It's not uh like a Holstein or Guernsey now this is your milk type cows. See we didn't have this purebred stuff. And we had what we'd call the Piney woods that was cows that would graze out in the piney woods you see.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Just run at large out there I mean really uh made their uh got all their food out in the woods. We didn't feed these cows in the winter. They had to survive in the woods on their own.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Or maybe they'd get a little bit when they'd come and milk them we'd have one that would have a calf you see then we'd feed her a little bit of the milk but we wasn't getting much milk and we didn't have to worry too much about preserving the milk you see?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  They didn't per- produce gallons of milk just very little bit of milk and we was able to use it without
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  just um {X} we'd get just very little just enough for a meal or two.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Where did you keep um potatoes and turnips in the winter?
461:  In the garden now I don't know when when youse talking about turnips we would go get them right out of the garden and use them.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now potatoes see we'd dig them and spread them in a dry place that would either be we could uh put them on a paper a flat area in the smokehouse
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  where it'll be dry. Lot of times we'd keep them under the house.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Did you ever hear of a a dairy it's being anything besides its um commercial farm?
461:  No no uh I don't think so because I had no association with a dairy when I was coming up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  There was none in the area and I knew very little bit about the dairy.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What about um a fenced in place around the barn where the animals could walk around?
461:  Lot.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um tell me about raising cotton um when you get out there and you you thin the cotton out you call that?
461:  Chopping cotton
Interviewer:  And uh what do you call the kind of grass that grows up in the cotton field?
461:  Well we had uh we had weeds and uh we'd call it and then we had a number uh different kind of of weeds. I don't know what you talking about we had a what we call a coffeeweed and we had a what we called crabgrass and uh Bermuda grass and stuff this way. The weeds that grew up in it I I don't know about that. We had a like I said different types of weeds
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm #
461:  #2 and # grass that we had to control. Now we didn't uh farm the big way on this cotton either very small patch. This is what I was talking about awhile ago when we said that a small area was a patch. If uh now for like corn we had a number of acres of corn planted but if you wanted to get out here and plant just two or three acres of cotton or either just a smaller uh plot of peas you know field peas that we eat. Uh this was a patch.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm #
461:  #2 And # then there was another place that we called a garden. This was not a patch it was a garden. But if you had just one thing planted here in a small area well that was a patch of peas.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm A garden you had several things #1 planted? #
461:  #2 That's right #
Interviewer:  #1 #
461:  #2 #
Interviewer:  What um different types of fences did people used to have?
461:  Fences?
Interviewer:  Uh huh
461:  They had rail.
Interviewer:  Were there different kinds of rail fences?
461:  No as far as I I knew it was just a what we called a split rail.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I mean it was a split rail fence. And they would have what we called a picket fence.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm #1 What did #
461:  #2 You'd heard of that? #
Interviewer:  What did that look like?
461:  We had what you called the split rail fence. And then we had uh the regular hog wire fence. This was wide just like this here. We called that hog wire.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Some people calls it the web wire. Now I mean I know it as well it's still hog wire and web wire I guess. But then we had what we call a picket fence.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  This was a board it was about this wide.
Interviewer:  About three to four inches?
461:  Right three to four inches that was split out of different types of wood. Either pine wood or cypress wood mostly cypress. And we had two strands of wire it was just a slick wire. On top and we you twist it and put this thick board down
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  through the top and then down through the bottom and then you twist that wire and then put another one see there was twist and it stood stood uh vertical see. Now you it it took some time and labor to build a fence a long time ago. Getting all you rails and now these picket #1 fences. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. # was the picket pointed up at the top or?
461:  Uh some but uh around the yards they would do this to make it look uh you know a little bit better but in the {D: On 95th that's a graveyard} They if they had any uh design at all on top it was just a coincidence they didn't try to finish it off at the top because it would take too much time and really not that much you see.
Interviewer:  What about um something about um fence made out of wood but it's nailed together instead of um woven? Instead of up against our {D:light}.
461:  I don't know
Interviewer:  Do you ever see black fence or {X} fence.
461:  I've seen it.
Interviewer:  What? Would you say that out loud?
461:  {X}
Interviewer:  And what about a fence that they have now um well you've got out there you've got dreads of this kind of wire. So it'll it kept your
461:  Barbed wire?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  We didn't call it barbed we called it bobs uh it's barb B-A-R-B but we called it B-O-B. Bob wire.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh if you're gonna set up a barbed wire fence say you have to dig holes for the?
461:  Posts.
Interviewer:  and uh if what would you call the {X} you you'd have to nail the the
461:  Staple.
Interviewer:  Yeah you'd have to nail the the wire to the?
461:  Post.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and um talking about several of them you say you would need several?
461:  Posts.
Interviewer:  Okay did you ever see a fence or wall made out of loose rock or stone?
461:  I've seen it but we I never had any uh experience with it.
Interviewer:  What would you call it?
461:  I don't know just what you'd call it. I've talked to uh {X} but one that's got a name I I just don't have any experience with that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now before the use of reconstruction we called it
Interviewer:  And um you ought to make a hen start laying what might you put in her nest to cool her?
461:  What is that?
Interviewer:  If you want to make a hen start laying what might you put in her nest to cool her?
461:  I never have tried.
Interviewer:  Did you ever see putting sort of artificial egg in
461:  No.
Interviewer:  You haven't heard of a china egg or anything like that? What did you use to um carry water in?
461:  Jug bucket
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Not a pail.
Interviewer:  What's the difference between a bucket and a pail?
461:  None at all.
Interviewer:  Which which did you usually call it?
461:  I always called it bucket.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh What did you milk in?
461:  Bucket.
Interviewer:  And um something that you might have in in the kitchen to put scraps and dish water for the hog slop?
461:  Oh uh slop bucket.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay And so what did you use to cook in?
461:  Uh pots?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  skillets
Interviewer:  Did you ever see something with little legs on it?
461:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Do you remember what they call it?
461:  I don't remember what they call it. I wish I never had any excuse for cooking on one of those.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I know what you're talking about but I don't {X}
Interviewer:  What is a skillet?
461:  Was a it was made out of the the thicker material
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  that we'd bake the corns on in. {X} Or either fry would deep fry on top the stove this was a skillet.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Where you put peas in water with a lid on that's a pot. Now then uh there was two kinds of that you had what you call this uh oaks {X} pot we called it. It was uh made out of the same type of material as a skillet but it had a lid on it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And it boiled stuff and see it was still a pot but it was skillets {X} I'd say where you'd bake uh where you put next to a real hot fire open.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  {X}
Interviewer:  Is a skillet what you'd use now? What you call the thing you use now?
461:  I I call it I still call it skillet.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Do you ever hear of
461:  Or frying pan so uh I I I use maybe if we used uh uh probably back in those days uh I imagine the more common we used more of the both of um you probably sound like probably uh just uh oh uh frying pan pan excuse me. Jackie?
AUX1:  {X}
461:  go into the shed barn door close you out go see the horses eat the feed.
AUX1:  What?
461:  Go close the barn door. I forgot about it there's horses in there eating the feed.
AUX1:  {D: What you mean?}
461:  Yeah I was cleaning the barn out
Interviewer:  They can kill themselves with all that.
461:  What's that?
Interviewer:  Horses can kill themselves with all that feed choking. Did you ever hear of something called a spider?
461:  Spider?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What was that? I mean as a as a cooking. Not the skillet but.
461:  Yeah I've heard of that. I I don't know I didn't hear enough about it to uh associate it with myself. But I have heard that word.
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah #
461:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  different {X} Um say if you were setting the table you next to each plate you give everyone a to eat with you give everyone a?
461:  Fork and spoon.
Interviewer:  Or a fork and spoon and a?
461:  {X}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and
461:  We didn't use I'm gonna tell you
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  uh now we would uh well nowadays we'd be able to set it. I guess you'd call it. Everything {X} Uh when I was coming up well you'd put a fork and spoon and the knife it very uncommon so that's why the way I was raised if you had a fork and spoon it was it was a setting if you had a fork and a spoon.
Interviewer:  But now days uh if you were serving steak and it wasn't very tender you'd have to put out steak?
461:  Knives.
Interviewer:  And um say if the dishes were dirty you'd say I have to?
461:  Wash the dishes.
Interviewer:  And um say after she washes the dishes then she what through water?
461:  Rinses.
Interviewer:  #1 And #
461:  #2 Now we had #
Interviewer:  #1 #
461:  #2 # Uh now I had learned the word rinsed W-R-E-N-C-E them in the water
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  {X}
Interviewer:  #1 How did people used to say it? #
461:  #2 Wrence. # W-R-E-N-C-E
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and um the proper rag you'd use if you're washing dishes?
461:  Dish rag
Interviewer:  And to dry them?
461:  {X}
Interviewer:  And um the little cloth you use to bathe your face with?
461:  Wash rag.
Interviewer:  And to dry yourself?
461:  Towel
Interviewer:  And um you mentioned um that you used to have a um uh to turn on the water at the sink you turn on the {NW} And uh
461:  Nowadays you talking about what I do now? Now like I said then we didn't have those uh
Interviewer:  Uh-huh nowadays the stuff that what about something in the garden that you could hook the hose up to?
461:  Spicket.
Interviewer:  Okay and um say um a water barrel what what would you call a {X}?
461:  I don't know just what I'd say that was unless
Interviewer:  Do you know what
461:  Knob
Interviewer:  Uh-huh do you know a name for something you you could turn? I was wondering if you call that a spicket or
461:  Yeah yeah or a water cooler sometimes.
Interviewer:  {X} your spicket to it?
461:  Right
Interviewer:  And um you check a {X} a stand of lard.
461:  Lard?
Interviewer:  Or a stand of anything?
461:  Oh yeah yeah. Okay now that's just like when I plant my turnips or corn. It don't matter what it is. If you plant some seed and they come up somebody walked down and looked and said I didn't get a very good stand or either I got a good stand determine on the amount of plant that the seed uh germinated to come up is a stand. But now lard I never hear a stand of lard.
Interviewer:  You never heard of a stand in place of a container?
461:  Oh uh well
Interviewer:  And um say if you wanted to pour something like water into a narrow mouth container you'd pour it through a?
461:  Uh funnel.
Interviewer:  Okay and um if you cut some flowers and you were gonna keep it in the house you'd put them in a?
461:  Put some flowers bouquet.
Interviewer:  What what would you put them in the container? You call that?
461:  Now I'm gonna tell you what we do now now I know that we put them in a flower pot. But this is
Interviewer:  Did you call it a pot if if they were cut flowers?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Mm-kay what about another word for that?
461:  Jar?
Interviewer:  Or it starts with a V?
461:  Vase?
Interviewer:  Do do you use that?
461:  But I never say it that way. Now I would think maybe my wife would but I would probably the jar {X} And I'll tell you what cause long time ago we did that see we used to cut some flowers and we'd have bouquets like through the day. But we didn't have a vase then we'd have to go get an old fruit jar.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Put them in a jar. And nowadays I'm just associating with we gonna cut some flowers and you need to get a jar to put them in. {NW}
Interviewer:  And um did people ever raise cane around here?
461:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What did they raise it for?
461:  Syrup.
Interviewer:  Did you did you ever see that made?
461:  Yes. Right up the road here.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  The fellow be making some might even be making it now.
Interviewer:  Oh really?
461:  Yeah It won't be long they get the big cane patch right over there.
Interviewer:  How did they how did they make the syrup?
461:  Oh a long time ago see they used to have these cane mills.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  And a mule would pull it around somehow horse and then one fellow had an old car he'd pull his around with.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But #1 generally #
Interviewer:  #2 He had an old car? #
461:  He he did {X} but he pulled it with an old car.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  But pull it with a mule or horse. And they'd get the cane juice and boil it you know just how the over heat.
Interviewer:  What would they boil it in?
461:  Uh certain kettle kettle. We we didn't call it kettle we called it a kettle.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
461:  It was a certain kettle.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  It's a big uh pan looking thing you know I'm I'm just saying this to maybe you may know what it's a certain kettle.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And they would boil it in a particular got a certain people's style. No, but I don't know anything about art of cane making. Much about it but generally speaking I got the idea.
Interviewer:  What about um something similar to syrup? Or maybe it's just another name for syrup?
461:  Molasses.
Interviewer:  Now what's the difference?
461:  I don't know. Uh I've heard very few times now the common name and it was uh what we used all the time was syrup. But I did hear the word molasses inserted and used back in those days sometimes uh But we never did pay any attention {X} but the co-common name for it was syrup.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Cane syrup.
Interviewer:  Did you ever of the expression long sweetening and short sweet? And um say if you were driving horses and wanted to go faster you'd hit them with a?
461:  Uh you wanted one to go faster?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm You might hit them with a?
461:  Well a whip.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What about oxen would you use the whip on them? And um say if the if the lamp on the porch light was burning you might screw in the new?
461:  Bulb
Interviewer:  Uh-huh there was a full name for that would be?
461:  What is that?
Interviewer:  Or the full whole name for that
461:  #1 Light bulb #
Interviewer:  #2 But what kind of # Huh?
461:  Screw in the new light bulb.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and um something that um say if you take corn to the mill to be ground um would you have any expression referring to the amount of corn that you take at one time?
461:  Yes like a bushel or a peck.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh but say something um do you ever get an expression turn of corn
461:  A ton.
Interviewer:  A turn T-U-R-N
461:  No uh but I have heard that expression used now. When you said turn that means that that you have about as much as you could carry it was your uh well the capacity you could carry. Uh I had a turn of wood.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Like I used to uh have to uh carry uh this stove wood from the wood pile to what we kept near the stove.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  My grandma would say go get me a turn of wood well I knew what she meant was to go get as much as I could carry.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Any
461:  that was like T-U-R-N.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh-huh #
461:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  any other way that expression is used turn?
461:  Uh she said tote we'd say tote.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Could you tote that some? That means could I carry it.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh When you talk about tote do you get that idea that your arms have to be around it? #1 or #
461:  #2 right # right
Interviewer:  You wouldn't talk about toting a briefcase
461:  Uh
Interviewer:  or something with a handle.
461:  Seem like it'd have to be something this way.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and um
461:  And turn would be the same way I would think yeah.
Interviewer:  A turn of something would be
461:  You'd have to have it this way.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  {X} to carry that would be load.
Interviewer:  If you just got it on your shoulder that would be a load?
461:  That's right.
Interviewer:  And um if someone didn't have a a full load of of wood on his wagon you'd say he just had a?
461:  Piece.
Interviewer:  Okay and um when you carry the wash out to hang it on the line you might carry it out in a? Clothes?
461:  Well we had a basket.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um this is something that um what runs around a barrel that holds the {X}
461:  {D: hooks}
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and this is something like a barrel only a little bit smaller.
461:  Keg
Interviewer:  And um
461:  Now that's what I was talking about awhile ago.
Interviewer:  Is it gum?
461:  Yeah. Now the word gum was used I would say now listen maybe this is what it was. And and I detected that a gum was something that was made out of a log now. You see?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Whereas a keg was an art- I mean was uh uh commercially made
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Well I won't say commercially but it was something that was made uh by pieces of stuff. Whereas a a gum G-U-M
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  a tobacco gum was a just a hollow log cut off two or three feet and boxed at one end well that press to be put on that's how you press tobacco.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm So a gum and a keg were about the same size?
461:  Uh a gum and a keg?
Interviewer:  The gum
461:  No {X} a keg was just a small barrel really but a gum was all together different.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and um if you open the bottom and then you wanted to close it back up so the liquid wouldn't spill out you'd stick uh?
461:  Well now I'll tell you what we would stopper.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What would that be made out of?
461:  Usually cork.
Interviewer:  And uh
461:  Uh in in in most cases no uh you talking about the other kind {D: that I was cutting up?}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Or if there's been any difference you know
461:  Oh well now listen there was a about as common maybe cork was common but uh wood was common like the way you make stoppers out of wood.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Then you had then you had corn cobs to make stoppers.
Interviewer:  Corn cobs to make stoppers?
461:  Kerosene You know they used to have to carry kerosene to the woods to put on his saw when his saw's about to be uh across that saw
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  They'd have to take kerosene to put on that saw to keep that gum that turpentine from gumming it up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But I have here I have seen corn cobs used as stoppers and wood.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And cork
Interviewer:  And so
461:  Probably cork was the most common.
Interviewer:  Something that you used to pound nails
461:  Uh we talking we're not talking about a mallet.
Interviewer:  Not the thing that I'm Um this is a musical instrument that you blow like this?
461:  Harp.
Interviewer:  Any other names for that? What about something that would
461:  I heard about that's a that's a Jew's harp. Now listen that we know I I knew that and I thought that's what it was was a juice J-U-I-C-E.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  A juice harp.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  but uh
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  but uh That's how a what I know a Jew's harp.
Interviewer:  And um talk about the wagon. You have a wagon and two horses the long wooden piece that comes between the horses?
461:  Turn.
Interviewer:  And if you have a horse with a buggy you'd you'd back the horse between the?
461:  Shafts.
Interviewer:  And um talk about the parts of the wagon wheel start with the inside you'll have the hub and the spokes would come out and they'll fit into the?
461:  Um ring?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm was that is that the wooden part now?
461:  No I don't know I can't recall that right now. I the rim is that metal on the outside.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But that piece of wood right now I can't recall.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of felly or feller?
461:  What?
Interviewer:  Felly or feller?
461:  #1 No #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # and um the thing that the wheels fit into? That goes um across
461:  The axle.
Interviewer:  And um if you have a horse hitched to a wagon you traces come back and hook on to the?
461:  Singletree.
Interviewer:  And if you have two horses?
461:  I don't know why but different people pronounce things differently like the T's uh okay uh the S's you know used to they used to pronounce {X} it wasn't picture it was picture
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  picture instead of but now getting back to that singletree
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I know now it's just a singletree
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  but then I thought it was a swingletree.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Uh and uh I don't know but uh for years I'd say they hook it to the swingletree.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm what about um if you had two singletrees? Then you a two horses that each one had a singletree then you'd also have a?
461:  I don't know what that's
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear double?
461:  Doubletrees?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh what what is there
461:  well we never did have a double team but I'm sure that's what it would be. Because that work it'd be you'd have to associate that and use it with them a double team and we never did have that. We always had single teams.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm And um say if a man had a load of wood in his wagon he was driving along you'd say that he was?
461:  A man had a load of wood in his wagon?
Interviewer:  Well would you say is drawing or carting or hauling the wood?
461:  Hauling.
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if there was a log across the road you'd say I tied a chain to it and I? What it out of the way?
461:  Drug it out.
Interviewer:  And you say we have what with these logs out of the road?
461:  Drug?
Interviewer:  Or you'd say um you have to tie a chain around #1 them in order #
461:  #2 Now then # we we I would say that we drug
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  {X} the logs out of the road
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Is there any difference in what you say now or?
461:  Oh yeah. I say we dragged it.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Now but uh I I didn't say we drug uh I I wouldn't tell anybody now that I drug a tree out of the road now.
Interviewer:  You'd say we?
461:  I dragged
Interviewer:  What about if say I have? {NW} Huh?
461:  I have
Interviewer:  What would you say now? I have
461:  Dragged
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and you say you have to?
461:  I know now that if we drug a tree I drug it as much as {X}
Interviewer:  {NW}
461:  But then I know so we did we we used the the uh drug many a tree out the road.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  I saw well he drug a tree out of the road. I drug a tree out of the road.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh Or you might say you have to tie a chain around it in order to?
461:  Get it out.
Interviewer:  And um you mentioned uh um some plow could you tell me the different about the different types of plows that you had.
461:  We got the steel beam. It was a turning plow.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But then well I didn't know that was a term I used steel beam. You know I knew I knew what kind of work it would do.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  We had a what we call a joe harrow. It had teeth with harrow then we had uh {D: flams}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  and a few animals. {X}
Interviewer:  Was there um different types of {X} {NS}
461:  The only thing I know of was the {X}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  one type of plow I got one of them.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of anything called a go devil? {X} And uh say if you wanted to to chop a log up you might put it in a frame a maybe an egg-shaped frame?
461:  {X} or used and I know what's not if you have some words that are associated with that I'll tell you.
Interviewer:  Well something like rag to {X}
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Was that is that the egg-shaped?
461:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What about the H H-frame roof ? Would you did you need two of them and you could lay a board across
461:  I don't I don't know what we used on that. {X} I would say a A frame.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
461:  Any type with uh whether it was metal or wood I mean the shape that way is just A-frame. {X}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh And say you you screw in your chair using a cone and a or I would use a cone and a?
461:  Brush
Interviewer:  And probably say use that out there for the?
461:  Brush.
Interviewer:  And um you sharpen a straight blade on a leather?
461:  Leather that's the strap. But back then it was strap.
Interviewer:  What about um something that they put in a pistol?
461:  Most of the time then it was a shell. You got a shell for this pistol {X} shell. Now though it's a bullet. {X} Bullet uh back then most confident I guess it was maybe young boys but all the words that I'd use when they want are gun shells. You know that's a that's a that's a gun shell. They're associated with pistols of any kind.
Interviewer:  Mm
461:  But shell.
Interviewer:  Something that that children would play like you take a board and play the carpet shuffle and they throw it on the ground
461:  It's
Interviewer:  Any old fashioned name for that? It can stop and control the flame all day say that they?
461:  I I I'll tell you it's it's
Interviewer:  Okay and um you ever see something that you take the board and anchor it in the middle and then
461:  We would call it a {X}
Interviewer:  Mm-kay And um what about something you tie a a long rope to a tree limb and put a seat on it and make a?
461:  A swing?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and um did you ever see taking a board and fixing it down at both ends and the children would jump on it?
461:  Yeah that's uh we called it a jump board and I think it's jumping jack or something. Is that where one kid would jump here and one here on uh would be laying across a log?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  It's a jump board.
Interviewer:  And um something you could be used to carry coal in would be called a? You know what runs from the stove to the chimney? What you'd call that?
461:  The flue?
Interviewer:  Well from the kitchen to the stove.
461:  Stove pipe?
Interviewer:  Okay and this is something that you can use to um to carry rakes or something heavy and it's got one wheel in the front?
461:  Wheelbarrow.
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  Wheelbarrow
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm is that
461:  #1 Listen. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
461:  Back there back when I was coming up or that was wheel barrow
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  B-O-H
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  R-O-W
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And that's how I pronounced it.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  And uh now when I watch it I know that that's not right
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  it's a wheelbarrow. Back then oh I I was to learn it was barrow. We learned barrow. B-O-R-O-W
Interviewer:  Uh-huh what about the um harrow? What did you? Would it be?
461:  {D: Jo parow} {X} R-O-W
Interviewer:  Um and something that you could use to sharpen tools on?
461:  {X}
Interviewer:  Or something bigger than that?
461:  Oh yeah wait a minute that was uh {X} rock
Interviewer:  What about something that you could hold in your hand?
461:  To sharpen tools? Now listen I can tell you something about this. I was learned that was a whit W-H-I-T
Interviewer:  Oh really?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Whit rock?
461:  Yeah but it's W-H-E-T.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Whet whet. And that's that's back those days where you has uh people that and that's an education. And I don't know but it's a just they could have look like they could have learned that it was whet just as easy as they could of whit. They changed that E to I.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm So you used to call it
461:  I used to call it a whit rock.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  But it was just a whet because you wet whet you know.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  And uh let's see and like uh joe harrow when they could've learned that it was joe harrow just as well
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I don't know
Interviewer:  What about um you mentioned a a car um any other names for car?
461:  Yeah uh well we didn't use the word automobile much.
Interviewer:  What did you used to call it? Just car?
461:  A car.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  They was other things that would be sometimes they would come up with a slang like a jalopy something that way but got going on but car was primarily.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm And say if something was squeaky to lubricate it you say you have to?
461:  Grease it.
Interviewer:  And you say yesterday he? What his car?
461:  Greased.
Interviewer:  And um if grease got all over your hands you say your hands were all?
461:  Greasy.
Interviewer:  And um something if you door hinge is squeaking you might put a few drops of?
461:  Grease.
Interviewer:  Or?
461:  Oil.
Interviewer:  And um what did you mentioned uh kerosene did your mother make it?
461:  No it might of been but
Interviewer:  You always called it
461:  Kerosene yeah.
Interviewer:  And um inside the tire of the car it had the inner?
461:  Tube.
Interviewer:  And um if someone had had just built a boat and they were going to put it in the water for the first time you'd say that they were going to what the boat?
461:  Let it {X}
Interviewer:  #1 Uh uh that's the word I was thinking #
461:  #2 Or try it out #
Interviewer:  #1 #
461:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Uh-huh what different kinds of boats are there?
461:  Boats?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Uh well now back when I was coming up you had just I mean you had your fishing boat. I I suppose I uh we I didn't have any uh reason to I didn't do a lot of express and work by boat.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  The only thing that we did there was just some would go down to these ponds lakes and creeks.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm #1 {X} #
461:  #2 Just # some boats I wouldn't I wouldn't say fishing boats. Uh well then a boat was just a boat
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now then a I mean basically you've got a a skiing rig or you got a a {D:slimpet} rig and uh you got one that I mean it's just fishing out of it. People get out their pole to fish with. Back then when when we mentioned a boat well uh uh we knew what we was talking about.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm And um um did you ever hear about people taking uh uh making a lasting sound maybe using tobacco.
461:  I'll tell you what you talking about a flambeau?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  {NW}
Interviewer:  How is how is that made?
461:  Out of bottle a drink bottle Well see it didn't have to be a drink bottle but in our house I had a coke cola bottle or ketchup bottle.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  And put kerosene in it and taken uh some cloth
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  and some what we think of tobacco can.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And cut a piece of it off and you wrap it around that cloth and stick it down in to hold it together and it would absorb that kerosene and you'd light it up top and it would smoke. It would just be that light on that cloth on top that cloth that you'd use.
Interviewer:  You'd take a tobacco?
461:  Yeah you know uh like I say a uh like cuts out
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  can smoking tobacco used to come in.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  And cut it piece of it and then {X} But you take a piece of cloth and you see upon that rolled it up this way and I think that piece of to- uh uh tobacco can and cut it with a knife just a strip. And wrap it around see now this would be all cloth stick it down in it. You take around the the neck of the bottle
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  what would help hold that {X} bottom see. You know tobacco can't be left out the mouth at the bottom.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh {NW} And um did everyone used to make those or?
461:  No uh one I don't know. You talking bout in the community?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  I don't know whether ev-everybody did or not I don't
Interviewer:  Can
461:  I hadn't heard much talk talk about it but in fact I don't even know whether I don't remember seeing my uncle who was doing his farming for us have one of these.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  He had this kerosene lamp with a globe you know
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But we uh we did we used we there were meals around the month of May. I know we used the flambeau.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm {X} {X}
461:  {X} {X} {NS} {X} Is that what horse shit's called?
Interviewer:  {X}
461:  Yeah. I like to ride horses I never did I never did get a horse from cross {X} but like I said the only thing that we had was a {X}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  And the other day when I bought that horse I told them that we {X} I never had a horse, I always wanted one.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  So we got one to get. I got a nice horse out there just to ride.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh you just bought him the other day?
461:  What was that?
Interviewer:  You just bought it #1 recently? #
461:  #2 I bought it about # no it was about two months ago. We've had the pony for quite awhile {X} {X} I want to step back out and I'll show you around when we get through some of the stuff that we've been talking about.
Interviewer:  Yeah I would like to see some of it. Um say if a woman wanted to buy a dress of a certain color you'd say she she'd take a long a a little square cloth to use as a?
461:  Sample.
Interviewer:  and um something a woman might wear over a dress in the kitchen?
461:  Apron.
Interviewer:  And um for signing your name in ink you'd use a?
461:  Pen.
Interviewer:  And to hold a babies diaper in place?
461:  Pin.
Interviewer:  And um the dime is worth?
461:  Ten cents.
Interviewer:  And um if it was real cold outside before you went out you'd put on a?
461:  Jacket
Interviewer:  Or a?
461:  Coat
Interviewer:  And um what would a man wear if he was gonna go to church on Sunday?
461:  Suit
Interviewer:  What would the the parts of the suit?
461:  Coat tie uh you talking about now or back when I was coming up?
Interviewer:  What what did they used to have when you were coming up?
461:  Uh well uh then I I would say that a suit would require I mean if you had a suit on it need a coat and a tie and pants now there were there was a lot of people on there that don't wear a tie. They think that they was real dressed but they just wouldn't wear a tie they'd wear a nice shirt and a coat and pants.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But they don't have the tie.
Interviewer:  Did you ever see a
461:  I felt considering now now then I didn't I didn't think much about it but now I know to be dressed that that tie needs to be there.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What about a did you ever hear of a three piece suit?
461:  {X]
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  People used to have that?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  And um you mentioned pants um was there any other name for pants?
461:  Britches.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um say if you had gone outside without your coat and you wanted it you might say um would you go inside and what me my coat?
461:  Fetch or bring.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay
461:  Now listen I tell you what uh there again I wanna tell you what I've experienced. Certain people used a certain term.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now this uncle of mine that was doing the farming for us he hardly at least he don't do it yet He still uses this word fetch.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But even as as a young boy I didn't I didn't use that word it didn't sound right to me
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  but he would always I he was noted to use that word. Fetch me the hammer or bring me he he he he would lose his hammer {X} Fetch me this or fetch me that
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  but I wouldn't say that. I'd say bring me this or bring me that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But now he would and uh I find out that different people have got different terms that they brought in and they still hang with you #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm # And say if so you say he went inside the house and what me my coat?
461:  Brought
Interviewer:  And he'd say here I have?
461:  Your coat
Interviewer:  Or I have
461:  Brought your coat to you.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh And um you say that coat won't fit this year but last year?
461:  Was just right.
Interviewer:  It what perfectly?
461:  It fit.
Interviewer:  And um say if you bought if you had an important interview and your clothes weren't in very good shape you might go out and buy a brand?
461:  What's that again?
Interviewer:  If if a person had an important interview or something and his clothes weren't in very good shape you'd have to go out and buy a brand?
461:  New suit
Interviewer:  What's that?
461:  Suit.
Interviewer:  Say say the whole thing. A brand
461:  New suit of clothes?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay And um if you stuff a lot of things in your pockets it makes them?
461:  Well we used to say cram things inside.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. But it makes your pockets?
461:  Pooch out well we don't say stick out of We call I I used to call it I don't know uh well it was something about they seem the same it wasn't bulging out.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  It was pooch out.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Okay?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay And um you say that shirt used to fit me until I washed it and it?
461:  Drawed up
Interviewer:  Or another word for that? I washed it and it?
461:  Shrunk.
Interviewer:  And you say it seems like every shirt I've washed recently has?
461:  Shrunk up
Interviewer:  And I hope this new shirt won't?
461:  Shrink
Interviewer:  And um
461:  Well now listen I'm gonna tell you something now that's the words that they used. Well uh that word shrunk up
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  but now I mean uh that shirt shrunk.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm You wouldn't say up?
461:  No.
Interviewer:  Say if a if a woman liked to put on good clothes you say she likes to?
461:  Dress up.
Interviewer:  Would you say that about a man? A man likes to dress up?
461:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What about if she spends a lot of time in front of the mirror you know fixing her hair Huh?
461:  Primping
Interviewer:  Uh-huh would you say that about a man?
461:  Yeah. I'd have to say the same thing.
Interviewer:  Any other expressions? Primp or dress up any any other expressions?
461:  Well I know that the word primp wouldn't be the word to use uh it'd be spending a lot of time dressing up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But uh the words that I was to learn and come up using I would use that same term with a woman and a man.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm And something that people used to carry money in?
461:  Well now listen I'll tell you what I don't care if it was a woman or man or what it was a pocket book.
Interviewer:  uh-huh #1 {X} #
461:  #2 Well they didn't # use the word purse many time and along then they didn't use billfolds.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Or wallets
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  it was pocket books.
Interviewer:  What did it look like?
461:  {X} uh but it didn't matter what it was if a woman had uh what we call a purse today
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I guess what I I've got what I call a billfold maybe it was just a pocket book
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  period.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Yeah the wallet's a pocket book.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then they knew what you was talking about. They didn't expect it to be a wallet.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But they said here's a man's pocket book and I didn't know what anybody was talking about.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Very few times I've heard the word or rather these other terms used purse or wallet or uh billfold.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Just pocket book.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm And um something that a woman might wear around her wrist? A piece of jewelery.
461:  Uh bracelet
Interviewer:  And um say if she had a lot of little things strung up together around her neck
461:  Beads
Interviewer:  You'd call that a what of beads?
461:  A string of beads.
Interviewer:  And um
461:  Now I'm going to tell you something about that. Well maybe that they did but there was a common thing back that I knew about when I come up. And I didn't see much jewelry other than beads were very inexpensive and Or if you got metal jewelry like that that was more expensive and didn't see much {X} But I never did any kind of jewelry like that that was beads.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then you know that a woman was gonna be dressed up if she had beads on.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  So that's all I knew about there's a little bit about jewelry I mean necklaces that was {X}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm And something that mean used to wear to hold up their pants?
461:  Suspenders
Interviewer:  Any other name for that?
461:  Mm-mm No I don't think so I believe that uh galluses oh yeah
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Yeah galluses. Hey you know that was more common than suspenders once?
Interviewer:  Oh it was?
461:  Yeah now let me tell you how that I associated that. Now overalls some of them got uh had uh {X} Oh yeah yeah wait a minute you see overalls had a bib and they would buckle.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  That was an overall gallus that strap that would come up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Okay if an old man you'd see him dressed up the the the buckle here went over the shoulder to his pants. If he had pants it was suspenders.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm but on overalls that was #1 galluses? #
461:  #2 That's right. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
461:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And I had that associated then with uh
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  differently associated. But overalls was a gallus.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh What would you um hold over you when it rained? What would you call that?
461:  Okay. Parasol.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm #1 is that what you call it now? #
461:  #2 Yeah # No I'd say umbrella.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  But it was most commonly used I heard it just a few times I mean but uh parasol was associated with that when I was coming up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm And um the last thing that you put on the bed you know the fancy cover?
461:  Uh it's the bedspread
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Anything people used to have a older thing than that?
461:  What's that?
Interviewer:  Any anything else that you heard besides bedspread?
461:  No I don't think so I might have forgotten. There was a no bedspread.
Interviewer:  And at the head of the bed you'd put your head on a?
461:  Pillow
Interviewer:  Did you ever see anything um longer about twice as long as a pillow? Did you ever hear of bolster?
461:  Mm-mm
Interviewer:  And um say if you had a a lot of company and didn't have enough room beds for everyone for the children you might make a?
461:  Pads.
Interviewer:  And um what different types of land did you have on a farm?
461:  What different types of land?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  We have wood land and uh there's crop land. That's all I know. That what I'm talking about we didn't have a pasture land
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  we had the woodland we had the woods and the and the field properly to cultivate.
Interviewer:  What would you call land that along sort of um flat land along a stream overflows in the spring time and?
461:  Talking about uh bottom land?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh What else like like that? What about land that's got a lot of water on it or if it can't cultivate because it's
461:  Marsh.
Interviewer:  What's what's a marsh exactly?
461:  It's a wet uh spongy type land marsh land.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Did anything grow there?
461:  No uh other than just uh maybe some kind of wild weeds or plants although it it it's no good for cultivation.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  We had some of that.
Interviewer:  Anything else similar to a marsh?
461:  No.
Interviewer:  What about a swamp?
461:  Oh yeah yeah we got swamp.
Interviewer:  How is that different?
461:  Yeah. I'll tell you why. A swamp land is like that you see back down under those trees that's a swamp back in there.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And a marsh land is just don't have the uh high vegetation. I've got to stop them boys just a minute excuse me. {X} I know and I say we use the only thing that feels right a long time ago used to be a nigger period.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh What other word #1 {X} #
461:  #2 Negro now and then # I just learned so tradition of speaking it was just nigger all together.
Interviewer:  Not even not necessarily insulting?
461:  Uh no it wasn't insulting. It was just nigger.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm what would you say if you wanted to be insulting? Or were there any joking or or particularly insulting words?
461:  No uh let me tell you see there was I think it was one of the slaves or something if I remember. But they was they was negro people that lived on the close line raised years ago.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  And there was no uh racial tension between the races. Uh they stayed in their place what I'd say what I thought they would just dismember And there's not they niggers live not too far from here but now as far as going down into town yeah there was some mean there were some boys around there that would fight them. I never did see I was younger. It was a little bit before my time.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I tell you what and right now you can't hardly get a colored person that's around in this area to go down there in Wausau. I mean it's not all that bad but there's there's something about it that was the fact that they used to be so bad about fighting when they there.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And I'm not talking about just Wausau now all these smaller communities
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  like Caryville. Uh well there's a lot that works there but I'm talking about the small communities
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  they would they would just fight and then they they didn't go in much. Now over in Chipley where you had your uh colored sections see.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  It's always been there. You quite saw nigger corners. Particular now they had them a whole set of niggers that was raised down here they could ride horses {X}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Mules will get the stuff and come back not a problem but you take a strange nigger {X} you'd fight.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm you think that there'd still be some trouble now?
461:  No but we play ball now. Now this is all in the past time changes since there's been a lot of racial uh progress made.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now we got a {X} we have now for two years let someone else have that next year the only candidate that I sort of involved. When you find out who {X} that's like this about this mental retardation or either uh the March of Dimes or cancer crusade they said okay now who's somebody in Wausau we can get to work and the first thing oh {X} I'm just getting to where I say no to a lot of this stuff. You know I just take so much and that's it But anyway I've just got somebody to head up the mental retardation program that is uh I'm president of the Washington county slow pitch softball. Had one team two or three years from uh negro
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  communities colored now. {X} We've had uh we've got two colored teams
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Uh in fact on the team there's a white and black on the team but we've got these we've got one I think {X} came in in the county league and then two or three there's no trouble whatsoever. We've got nigger uh there's no there's no racial problems whatsoever. {X} Then there's niggers that goes in the cafe down at Wausau and eat. See there's a little cafe down there no problem or trouble at all.
Interviewer:  What if they say ten years ago do you think the Civil rights back up
461:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Martin Luther King had a lot to do with it?
461:  I don't think Martin Luther King had anything to do with it. Maybe he did have something though it was a uh people get fed up I I'm gonna tell you about what is Martin Luther King sort of fellow {X} and be radical about anything that people get fed up they just get fed up with you you just get a certain {X} Whereas uh the legislation that's been passed the laws have been put in books and everything I'm sure that that's had a lot to do with it and no work will take place but I didn't there's a lot of things that I didn't like what Martin Luther King did. But I think that it would come about
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  maybe some things quicker. I don't believe it's right for people to lay down in highways and block the protests and something like that. I certainly believe that uh there's other ways to
Interviewer:  Kind of um are you close with the black people around here {X} grew up at South Louie Louis alma mater?
461:  Now I've had now listen I I'm I'm somewhat religious but in the way I understand it this country of ours was built upon the faith of God Almighty.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I believe that each country and each individual has got to have something to lean on or build {X} Now okay we've got religion that's Christianity. I think that we have uh lost uh what our country was built on the faith of God Almighty. This is what we have as a country got to build around.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And an individual has got to have something to build around.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But I certainly believe that this is what we were losing protection and leadership now look where we're at and and uh but there's no leadership.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Okay if he had a feared god of oh of upon which this country was built they wouldn't have done some things that they have done. You know what I mean?
Interviewer:  Makes them {X}
461:  Yeah I'm talking about everybody they got Christian oppression. Now then talking about the nigger situation I realized that the niggers got a soul and he's gonna go to heaven or hell just like I am. And I he is not the supposed to be working like an animal out there in the winter {X}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I don't believe that nobody should be that way. We human beings we all created uh I'm I'm not talking I'm talking about equal and we made it that the others have different talen- uh talents and capabilities but I'm not supposed to work you like an animal like they were doing the slaves. I don't believe in that. But yeah uh now getting back to someone like Martin Luther King I realized that those colored kids like to play baseball just like my kids.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And they like to play football and the adults like to play. We can work this right here we don't need nobody like Martin Luther King laying down in the streets people get fed up with that thing. You see where it's apt the be like you see where Kennedy is at today. And the next radical it starts and and you'll see it when he gets out around with the people. Now George Wallace and the way he got shot people and and I didn't I'm a Wallace man to be honest with but most people had just got fed up with George Wallace. There's people that got fed up with uh Ke- I mean uh uh John Kennedy and they think about that that with Bobby Ken. I hate to say that I like all of them. But people people just they get a stomach full of that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm Would what was the what I was wondering was um you know I I guess the the white in this area didn't feel too strongly you know for Martin Luther King but when he was assassinated was there any reaction from the blacks?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  #1 With with #
461:  #2 that's who yeah # a lot of reaction from the blacks at school they they seemed like they they was just gonna {X} the community because Martin Luther King had got killed. They didn't do me that way but that's how they took it there was uh a reaction
Interviewer:  Even out
461:  There's no difference in them killing Bobby Kennedy or John Kennedy.
Interviewer:  You know how people out in the country blacks living out in the country I mean there was a sort of a unified reaction. #1 Like like who #
461:  #2 I I can tell you # what it is. I I hate to say that and maybe it it's not the famous saying okay school was time kids would go on right now at my {X} Well here uh if I had to check on uh we making progress and Martin Luther King would say shut but people gets tired of causing this disturbances and blood shed see. Progress is to be made around a conference table and under law right on that Bible. We made we're making uh I've seen progress made here now we're just a small community but we playing softball here we sitting in the PTA meetings getting them on our committees and everything else and Martin Luther King's been dead and they say {X} and we don't have a radical out there right now but if they do they gonna they gonna stop him. This thing will come about but otherwise talking about if we're left al- and I don't mean to say if you can't be left alone some law enforcement these laws has got to be pushed up because if they don't we might neglect them and
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  deprive of some of the purpose. But we don't need people like Martin Luther King to get this thing accomplished I don't believe. You take a hot summer like everybody uh you know how it is the first thing you know and uh seven of them laying down in the streets and there's some gun fire and somebody's getting killed or nothing they don't like that it's not it's not the thing to do I don't believe that's the way to do it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Let him stand up before the Senate telling this but don't get out here in the street and get the people stirred up. you can get their emotions stirred up like quicksand.
Interviewer:  When you talking about name different names for negroes um what different names are there for for whites?
461:  Uh I've heard some you know my bad names same particular about a white woman. I've heard some uh bad names for a white but not usually the same word as say a nigger nigger for a negro.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm what what
461:  I think we care uh Barbara what I'm talking about about that nigger well I know more people call them I I my grandmother raised me and my aunt and they says uh uh then uh there's some niggers that {X} and they didn't do they didn't mean to say that
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  they just like I said awhile ago about using a a see what was that the like of wet and wit it's like nigger and negro.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  It's just the pronunciation of it uh they didn't mean one thing whatsoever.
Interviewer:  What different words are there for white people though? Say
461:  Well there's nothing there's not one that I know of. Uh a huge for the white like it would be for a nigger for the black.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What about say a um white people that aren't very well off and but they haven't had a chance at an education but they don't much seem to care they don't work they just a name that you might have for them? Whites that you sort of look down on?
461:  Well now I feel this uh I think that uh they're known to be crummy
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  slum I mean now whether it's white or black if it's them it just looks down it's slime or crummy.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And it's sorry. Sorry #1 likely. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
461:  Sorry-like.
Interviewer:  What about something like poor white trash or redneck or cracker?
461:  No oh I've heard that word mixing around just barely but w-we we don't associate any particular word like that with the white.
Interviewer:  What what word have you heard?
461:  Uh like I said it's uh well it it I I know a low class white. He's at the low class and then uh crummy and then slum too.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Trash not white trash but just trash.
Interviewer:  All these could be black or white it doesn't matter?
461:  Uh no uh well see we're not associated with the colored people we don't have a lot of them in this particular area we got them around but You talking to somebody here now in the bigger city they would be using different terms there would be more associated.
Interviewer:  Do you have a name for someone who one parent is white and the other parent is black? Would you have a name for that that child from a racially mixed marriage? Terms for or say a real light skinned negro.
461:  Yeah {X}
Interviewer:  Who works like um say someone who lives out in the country and when he gets into town you know everybody notices him you know just sort of jokes about him like you know cause he's really {X}. Huh?
461:  Because he's just an old country boy.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh any any expression joking or expressions or
461:  Hillbilly.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh anything else like that?
461:  Uh well yeah but uh actually we didn't we di- we didn't associate as a hillbilly here seems like that's up in the mountains and uh just an old country boy.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  It's law because see this is practically everybody's country here and uh you can't really talk too much about the other fellow. I don't know what you talking about. But there's some that uh if you put that old country boy to it that means to say that he {X}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  You see what I mean?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  but we wouldn't call them a hillbilly
Interviewer:  That'd be more mountain? #1 {X} #
461:  #2 Yeah yeah # that's right. That wouldn't be we didn't use that. Yeah well and then in other words the person that you're talking about they would say an old country boy. Now he was real country.
Interviewer:  When you're talking about land earlier um would you ever think of uh uh say a field that might be good for just um raising grass or clove or alfalfa you know good land for for cattle or would you call that anything? Word like meadow or prairie.
461:  The only time the only way that we'd use that is a pasture land and I got pasture land. I'm talking about I don't call it no prairie I don't call it no meadow I call that a pasture.
Interviewer:  Are well you familiar at all with the the gulf or bay?
461:  Well I've seen one.
Interviewer:  What about a bayou or bayou?
461:  This is a s- I call it a small area off of a bay a stream going into the bay uh either uh a small area back now I don't know just how to explain it but that's why do the big body itself would be the bay.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And then they uh a body on out farther would be the Gulf.
Interviewer:  What about the bayou or bayou? Do do you speak of that?
461:  No but I call it the bayou
Interviewer:  Is is that the small stream off?
461:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What about um something that a man made um stream coming out big enough for maybe for a boat to go through? Cut out um
461:  A mouth.
Interviewer:  And um what different types of soil are there?
461:  Clay.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay what else?
461:  Uh sand. That's what we we call it.
Interviewer:  #1 Mm-hmm. #
461:  #2 Clay # and sea muck.
Interviewer:  What's muck? Is that real rich soil or?
461:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Do you have do you have something you call loam or loam?
461:  Yeah we got a loam. We we got a loam loam L-O-A-M.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What what's that like?
461:  Uh say that it was uh uh a mixture of sand and clay mixed.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm say if you had some some land that was a a little bit swampy and you were getting the water off you'd say you were doing what to it?
461:  You mean to say now if I had some swamp land and I wanted to get the water off?
Interviewer:  Mmm. #1 You'd say? #
461:  #2 Ditch it #
Interviewer:  #1 #
461:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Or another word you know you'd dig ditches in order to
461:  That's right.
Interviewer:  to what the water off?
461:  Well I what now uh the only that I know what I've seen what you're talking about here is to ditch it is to dry it up.
Interviewer:  What would you say drain or dreen?
461:  Well now let me tell you. I was learned to use the word dreen but now I know it's a drain. That's just like uh I know I've got some people now my aunts that's all we used to say my the dreen in my sink see the drain this water out with the sink dreen. Or it's a drain line D-R-A-I-N but I was learned the word dreen.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and something uh say if you had a heavy rain fall and the the rain cut out a little channel what would you call that uh?
461:  G-
Interviewer:  Would you say gully whether it was big or small or?
461:  No I I wouldn't say gully now. In fact my kids I don't I mean they had they wouldn't you you'd cut out you'd you'd cut a trench. A little gully would wash out our fish hook in other words if it was small and was washed out it was still a small gully or or big gully.
Interviewer:  What about something along the edge of the road to carry the water off?
461:  It's a ditch.
Interviewer:  You mentioned um let's see a a small rise in land you'd call?
461:  A small rise in the land?
Interviewer:  Yeah
461:  Hill? A hill.
Interviewer:  Um any thing else? And to open the door you'd take hold of the door?
461:  Knob.
Interviewer:  Do you ever use that word knob talking about land?
461:  Yeah that's right a clay knob. Yeah that's right
Interviewer:  How's that?
461:  It's an elevated that's another thing that I'd use for this a hill would be bigger than a knob. A hill would be a big rolling thing and I know that we'd go out on a sand hill. #1 It's a big #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
461:  thing that slides out about about high this big. Whereas a clay knob would be just a small area. Well a clay knob you know I may be able to identify that as a clay uh sand knob. But it would be particular place in the field where it was cultivated
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  That would say whether it was a clay knob or actually
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  a small hill.
Interviewer:  And talking about the mountain the the rocky side of the mountain it drops off real sharp.
461:  I don't know I'm not familiar with mountains.
Interviewer:  What about a a place between mountains? A low area but up still up in the mountains. Not a valley.
461:  Call it flats.
Interviewer:  What what is that I'm saying something between the mountains were the road could go across. Is that what you mean by flat?
461:  Well see now I'm not familiar with mountains I know what you're talking about. We'll say this. In between two hills is a flat F-L-A-T-S.
Interviewer:  And um you mentioned um a a branch what else did you have besides a a branch.
461:  Creeks.
Interviewer:  What's the difference?
461:  Streams uh branch streams creeks um okay now this source of water that I told you that we was a branch. This is a small stream. Now I don't know where or what size that it's got to get to why people begin to call them creeks but it's bigger than a branch.
Interviewer:  A creek is?
461:  Uh a a small stream is a branch.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  The way that I was taught.
Interviewer:  Is there anything smaller than a branch? What about something that goes dry when it?
461:  Spring?
Interviewer:  A A spring is a is a source.
461:  That's right. Now a spring a spring would be where water uh this is a real small area. This is smaller than a branch. It's water that's springing up out of the ground in other words running off. It's just a small one and they were some of them around in the areas of where I used to live.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  On the hillside where water would run out from inside the hill this was a spring. And water would run down and this it was a real real small where the branch would be where it would be bigger then you got your creeks would be bigger than that.
Interviewer:  What about bigger than a creek?
461:  It's a river.
Interviewer:  What were the names of some of the streams or creeks and things in this area?
461:  Okay now bi-big uh branches creeks uh rivers see I'm not uh to fa- oh uh we got one river that's a number of miles each way. I didn't have much care to see the river. See the creeks Hard Labor. I don't know if where it got its name but you see that was the name of the creek.
Interviewer:  Hard Labor?
461:  But Econfina see that was the Indian name creek uh Econfina Creek that's the Indian name is We've got it from the Indians. I don't know the history behind it but I've read something about it anyway. Okay the branches it would be Jack Kell branch down uh there used to be a a fellow way back years ago that the name was Jack Kell and this branch must probably run through his property. And it got it's name this way. And then another thing I know one branch that run out of a pond.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  A lake and it's got its name from the name of that lake. It would be like the double pond branch so it was identified that way.
Interviewer:  What rivers were there around here?
461:  Choctawhatchee and uh Choctawhatchee and Apalachicola it got it's Indian see.
Interviewer:  Apalachicola is the same as the Chattahoochee isn't?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  More a bit south-western?
461:  Well what it does uh you got the two put them together up above ninety make making up the Apalachicola river you got the I think it's Flint and uh Chattahoochee coming together up above ninety And below highway ninety it's Apalachicola because you got the town of Apalachicola.
Interviewer:  And if you had a stream that was going along and suddenly the water um dropped over you'd call that a?
461:  Call it a fall.
Interviewer:  And um a place where boats stop and where freights unloaded?
461:  Dock.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay anything else? Would would there be a dock if it's on the river a what?
461:  Landing.
Interviewer:  Say if you made a little V-shaped cut in a piece of wood you'd say you cut a little?
461:  Groove.
Interviewer:  Or any other word for that?
461:  Slot.
Interviewer:  Gun fighters for everyman that they killed they'd make a little?
461:  Notch.
Interviewer:  What different types of roads do you have around?
461:  We've got graded roads. When I s- what I mean graded this is a uh county road dirt where you graders grade it's a graded road uh uh then there's a dirt road. People say that's a dirt road they didn't even say there's no pavement on it. Oh then you've got your wagon roads. It's a two trail that's just where you have any kind of those wagon wheels I was telling. You see you'd have have grass in between you just have these things that were made for tracks. That's a wagon road.
Interviewer:  Just big enough for one? Going one way?
461:  That's right. And then it wouldn't be graded see
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  with a with a machine. A wagon road would you know it would be trails and then in the middle where that animal's feet made the imprints. It used to be well marked out in these woods here so travel would be teams. Alright now we got the wagon roads dirt roads uh graded roads. I said it back long then would be a dirt road but we know it would what graded but with what machine did they have. But now then it's more common that it's a graded road.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Then you got your highways
Interviewer:  #1 What about #
461:  #2 If they've used # paved highways when you when they say highway then you know there was a pavement.
Interviewer:  What would you call a a road that um goes off the main road? A little road. Is that what?
461:  Trail.
Interviewer:  Is that big enough to drive over #1 drive a car? #
461:  #2 Yeah it could be. # Now trail road again would be identified uh is the same road as this wagon road because something has left its a trail not graded but if it's a trail road it's two just like the imprint of the car
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  tracks or wagon tracks. Just not graded.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  The trailer.
Interviewer:  What a- what about those um roads with that have the crushed rock over it?
461:  This is paved road.
Interviewer:  Or it's not been
461:  It's a highway.
Interviewer:  or thinking of gra-
461:  A gravel road
Interviewer:  What if you had a road that uh goes up to a man's house you'd call that a?
461:  Just to that stop? That's a dead end.
Interviewer:  Well that that leads right up to his house it'd be a?
461:  I don't know what you're getting at unless it's a driveway.
Interviewer:  And a road that has a fence on both sides?
461:  Lane.
Interviewer:  A road in in a city?
461:  Street.
Interviewer:  And something along the the side of the street for people to walk on?
461:  Sidewalk.
Interviewer:  In a city you'd have between a side walk and the street there's a a strip of grass did you ever hear that called anything?
461:  I mean I know I know what we talking about between the sidewalk and the street no I don't know.
Interviewer:  Say if you were walking along and a animal jumped out and scared you you might say I picked up a?
461:  Stick.
Interviewer:  And I what it at them?
461:  Throwed it.
Interviewer:  Okay anything else you'd say besides throw?
461:  Yeah I mean I I threw it.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh what about chucked or flung or?
461:  Right chucked. chucked that was very common back when I was Okay now uh I'm talking about when I first come up I mean you know back when I was young. We're playing baseball. It was used sparingly not really at all but we said that fellow could really chuck a ball.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now chuck it. Not pitch it, not throw it but chuck it. It wasn't used it was it was very unusual if you heard it but you did hear it.
Interviewer:  And um say if you went to someone's house and knocked on the door and no one answered you'd say I guess he's not?
461:  Home?
Interviewer:  And say someone came to see your wife and you met the person in the yard you might say well she's up in the kitchen baking some cookies she's?
461:  {X}
Interviewer:  Say and they're they're asking where your wife is you say she what the kitchen?
461:  She's in the kitchen.
Interviewer:  If someone was walking your direction you say he's coming straight what?
461:  Toward me.
Interviewer:  Say if you had gone into town and happened to see a friend of yours you hadn't counted on seeing you'd say I just happened to run?
461:  Into.
Interviewer:  And if a little girl is given the same name that her mother has you'd say they named the girl?
461:  The same.
Interviewer:  Or they named her what her mother they named her?
461:  After
Interviewer:  Something that that people drink for breakfast is?
461:  Something that they drink?
Interviewer:  Well what we just had.
461:  Coffee?
Interviewer:  Okay and if you wanted some coffee you say I wanna go?
461:  Cup of coffee.
Interviewer:  Or I have to go what some coffee?
461:  Make
Interviewer:  Talk about putting milk in coffee you say some people like it?
461:  Black.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay any other word for black coffee?
461:  Straight.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear drinking coffee barefooted?
461:  Black and barefooted?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Yeah rarely. I don't think it was uh I heard that but that word was used uh I don't know it wasn't a common word used not to identify black coffee.
Interviewer:  Was it struck as say sort of a country expression?
461:  Yeah no not over here n-no no not barefoot.
Interviewer:  What is it struck as? Anything special or older people say it or country people or?
461:  No I just I think it was uh I'd uh I just I just never seen any connection with barefoot I don't I don't know why I don't know why.
Interviewer:  It's just something you've heard?
461:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Say if if you like milk in your coffee you say you drink your coffee how?
461:  With a little cream.
Interviewer:  #1 And #
461:  #2 Or milk. #
Interviewer:  Or if you don't put milk in it you drink your coffee?
461:  Black.
Interviewer:  Or with not with milk but?
461:  Black.
Interviewer:  Okay or with
461:  Cream
Interviewer:  Kinds of animal sounds kind of animal that barks?
461:  Dog.
Interviewer:  And if you wanted your dog to attack another dog what would you tell it?
461:  Sic them.
Interviewer:  You know these uh what would you call say a small noisy little dog? A small noisy dog I'm not talking about names of breeds now. Just if you have you ever heard a name for a one of those real small?
461:  Well I don't know what you're talking about.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of something like feist?
461:  Yeah I've heard that.
Interviewer:  What's that?
461:  Is that I is I don't I don't think it's a particular breed it's I didn't I I had to take a back a step but I have heard of feist.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh not
461:  It's a small dog
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  real uh well he didn't he didn't have to mean uh now a small dog was a feist.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  It didn't matter whether he was making a lot of noise or not. He was still a feist.
Interviewer:  What other common names for dogs are there? Like there's a feist and then what else?
461:  Well uh I don't know commonly like I know there was a bulldog back when I was coming up and you had your hounds and your curs.
Interviewer:  What was a cur?
461:  A particular a particular I think it was a breed of dogs but uh he was a big dog and when she cur it was a dog would bite or catch animals #1 you know what I'm talking about. #
Interviewer:  #2 Mm-hmm. #
461:  It would be a big catch dog. A bulldog would be a vicious or something that would catch a bite.
Interviewer:  Did a cur dog uh cur have um have short hair or those real big is is that what you're talking about?
461:  No uh I'm talking about uh not a it's not a great dane but uh now this cur was a was a tall dog with short hair.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What about um a worthless dog just a a dog that didn't do?
461:  {D: Sunna.}
Interviewer:  What?
461:  {D: Sunna.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay say if you had a mean dog you'd say uh yesterday the dog what so and so?
461:  Bit.
Interviewer:  And you say um and then that person had to go to the doctor after he got?
461:  Bit.
Interviewer:  Did you ever say um so and so got dog bit? Did you ever use that word #1 dog bit? #
461:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  How how would you use that?
461:  Well say that somebody did get dog uh that dog did bite somebody you'd say uh Barbara got dog bit now mm. The dog bit her. {NW}
Interviewer:  And talking about um the cows um what did you call the male?
461:  Bull.
Interviewer:  Was that always nice to use now the word bull?
461:  No I don't think so I don't like to use it uh and I didn't well I never did like to use it I didn't think it was a proper way to use #1 you know in public #
Interviewer:  #2 Well # Uh-huh.
461:  I mean we've {X} But uh
Interviewer:  What what would you say besides bull?
461:  Well you could say steer but that wouldn't be proper.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  There's difference in a bull and a steer. But I now hesitated to use the word bull I didn't think that was the word to use but I don't really there's nothing wrong with it.
Interviewer:  Do you know what you you said instead of bull?
461:  Yeah steer.
Interviewer:  You never said a male cow or?
461:  No.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear beast hear it called beast?
461:  I've heard it.
Interviewer:  Animals that you might plow with?
461:  Mule.
Interviewer:  And say if you had two of these hitched together you'd say you had a?
461:  Pair or well you have a pair.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh any any thing else you say?
461:  Pair of mules.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and um a female calf is called a?
461:  Female calf?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and the male?
461:  Bull?
Interviewer:  And if you had a cow that was expecting a calf you'd say the cow was going to?
461:  You talking about old country style?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Supper
Interviewer:  Anything else?
461:  Uh
Interviewer:  What?
461:  Drop a calf
Interviewer:  Mm-kay would you use you still use those expressions?
461:  No she's she's fresh.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Going fresh in Charlotte.
Interviewer:  A female horse is called a?
461:  Mare.
Interviewer:  And the male?
461:  Stud.
Interviewer:  Anything else? Was was that word nice to use?
461:  Yeah there's nothing wrong with it but I hesitate sometime now it seems to be that there's nothing wrong with it.
Interviewer:  You feel kind of the same way about the word the word stud that you do about the word bull.
461:  That's right. I feel the same way.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Even though it's a stallion
Interviewer:  Is does the word stallion sound alright?
461:  Sounds better but people you still won't have a clear identity of what you're talking about if you use that stallion and stud not in this area. You know what I mean?
Interviewer:  Do you mean a a stallion could that refer to a gelding too?
461:  Well I really don't know uh the way I understand it it refers only to the male horse or the stud.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  A stallion I don't I really don't know whether it would refer to a a the gelding or not. I don't think so.
Interviewer:  What what to you is the difference between the word stallion and stud?
461:  I've I've heard it uh I've heard both of them used but stallion sparingly you know what I mean? But stud is a common #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Say uh # last year he what his horse everyday? Last year he
461:  Rode?
Interviewer:  You say but I have never what a horse I've never?
461:  Rode.
Interviewer:  And um if you couldn't stay on you'd say I fell?
461:  Off.
Interviewer:  And say a child went to sleep in bed and woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning he'd say I guess I must've?
461:  Fell off the bed.
Interviewer:  And um the things that you put on the horse's feet?
461:  Shoes.
Interviewer:  And the game that you play with those?
461:  Horseshoes.
Interviewer:  Did you ever um see a game like that only played with rings instead of horseshoes?
461:  With rings?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  No.
Interviewer:  And um the part of the horse's feet that you put the shoes on you say in all a horse has four?
461:  Hooves.
Interviewer:  The male sheep is called a?
461:  Well you talking about somebody who's had maybe I never had any experience with a sheep. But I've really let's see ram
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What about the female?
461:  Ewe.
Interviewer:  And what people raise sheep for is?
461:  What they raise them for? Their wool I
Interviewer:  And um talking about hogs you know you have different names for hogs depending on their age and
461:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  When they are first born you call them?
461:  Pigs {C: Pigs got cut off for some reason in the audio}
Interviewer:  And then when they're a little older they're?
461:  Shoat.
Interviewer:  Then if it's a female it's
461:  Sow.
Interviewer:  Or if she's never had pigs? And if it's a male?
461:  Boar.
Interviewer:  Was that word nice to use?
461:  #1 I #
Interviewer:  #2 It #
461:  associate it the same way as I do with stud or bull.
Interviewer:  Anything you'd say besides if you didn't want to say boar?
461:  No you say boars
Interviewer:  If you had a pig and didn't want it to grow up
461:  Probably the same that's happened uh like you said about this whet rock.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Whet uh I mean a a whit rock and a whet rock. Oh I don't know it's just one thing is I guess education is what it was.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Um is there a general name you have talking about cows and and horses and so forth? Would you have one general way to refer to all of?
461:  Yeah well now uh I'm talking about the uh goat is a herd
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Cows is a bunch.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Uh what I what I known uh when you were raised up to know okay. Uh I don't know I never did have enough horses you see what I talking about I don't know I'm just telling you what I'm used to.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But goats are somewhere like that and have bunch of hogs and a bunch of cows that's what you got a group.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  And uh I got a bunch of chickens.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Would you ever use the word um critters or stock or cattle to refer to to all of your animals?
461:  Uh now then I would this is how much stock you've got on your place well I mean I know now that that's that's goat that's all the livestock.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Horses and cows and so on. But back when I was coming up a young boy like that and raised never did refer to it uh well it was used very little the word stock.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  It was either I've got uh little bunch of cattle I got a big bunch of hogs or little bunch of hogs and so on like that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} What about if you were talking about hens and turkeys and geese and so forth would you have one general name for all of them?
461:  Mm-hmm. Let's see I don't think so.
Interviewer:  And a a hen on a nest of eggs you would call a?
461:  Sitting hen
Interviewer:  And where do you keep hens?
461:  Where do I keep eggs?
Interviewer:  Hens
461:  In the in the hen house chicken house wait now.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  There wasn't no hen house it was a chicken house.
Interviewer:  What about um a place just for the mother hen and the little chicks?
461:  Coob
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Alright now there's another one. A chicken {NS} Excuse me {NW} Shrimp you like that?
Interviewer:  Uh yeah.
461:  Okay where were we at?
Interviewer:  Uh you talking about the place where the mother hen and the chicks. The coob.
461:  Oh yeah now look here Barbara I was learned taught that was a chicken coob. I'd I reckon you'd spell it C double O B.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  And not a chicken coop.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Okay see that one word on the end of that thing.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Okay. {NS}
Interviewer:  And um you know when you are eating chicken there is a bone that goes like this.
461:  Are you talking about the pulley bone?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Were there any stories about that?
461:  Oh yeah the one that got the the one short or the long
Interviewer:  Uh huh
461:  would be the first to marry.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh did you-
461:  I don't remember which one now but you know
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Drumstick
Interviewer:  Did you have a name for for the two bones the short end or the long end did you ever here those called um boy bone?
461:  No no no uh-uh
Interviewer:  And um
461:  Did you ever hear that story about the one that would marry the s- quickest?
Interviewer:  I hadn't heard that.
461:  The ever who got the longest well now listen I don't mem- I don't know whether it was the short one or the longest one
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  but you'd stick it under the table and pull it and the one would come out the longest would marry first you see.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  I don't know but that was a
Interviewer:  And if it if it was time to um feed the stock and do your chores you'd say that it was?
461:  Feed up
Interviewer:  Or is what time it was?
461:  Huh?
Interviewer:  Would you say ever say fodder time or chore time or
461:  No
Interviewer:  feeding time?
461:  Feeding time
Interviewer:  Okay and how do you call cows?
461:  How do I call cows?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Let's see {NW} {NW}
Interviewer:  Mm-kay what about um what do you say to make 'em stand still so you can milk 'em?
461:  Whoa
Interviewer:  You say that to a cow?
461:  Yeah Whoa now whoa whoa whoa
Interviewer:  What about to get her to back her move her leg back?
461:  Back it
Interviewer:  You'd you'd tell her that?
461:  Yeah back it
Interviewer:  Do you hit her then? Push on her no and I may push {NS} Uh-huh and um how do you call a calf?
461:  Calf?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Uh
Interviewer:  Or di- did you ever call the calf?
461:  No I don't think I ever called a ca-
Interviewer:  {NS} What about to make a a mule or a horse turn left or right?
461:  Gee to the right and haw to the left and whoa means stop.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Get up means go.
Interviewer:  Do you tell 'em um what if they are already moving but you want them to go faster what do you say to 'em? Do you tell 'em get up then or?
461:  Mm-hmm. get up.
Interviewer:  And um how do you call 'em to get them in and out of the pasture?
461:  {NW} I just whistle.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um how do you call hogs?
461:  {NW} You taping this ain't you?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  {NW}
Interviewer:  And um did you ever hear anyone call sheep?
461:  No no I haven't. {NS}
Interviewer:  What about chickens?
461:  Chicky chicky chicky chicky chicky chicky
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um say if you wanted to get the horses ready to go somewhere you'd say I wanna? What the horses? Before you hi-
461:  Hitch up
Interviewer:  Well before you hitch 'em up you have to?
461:  I don't know now.
Interviewer:  Well you the things that you have to put on 'em you say you have to?
461:  Put the uh the uh wait a minute britching?
Interviewer:  Or I was talking about the
461:  Saddles and harness?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Well now let me tell you something Barbara I know now I got to put the harness on
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  but back when I was coming up we got to put the the same thing now we would put breeching on 'em.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  It's the harness is what it was but they wo- the word breeching was used.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What would you say you'd say I have to what the horse? Now you could say I have to harness 'em what would you used to say?
461:  Hitch up
Interviewer:  Mm-kay
461:  Now listen when I say {X} back then when we'd say we got to hitch up then we'd know we'd have to have the breeching on {NW} that was the harness you see.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  To the hitch 'em to the wagon and all.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And when you're um driving a horse what you hold in your hands is the? To guide it?
461:  Lines
Interviewer:  And when you're riding on it?
461:  When I'm riding on the horse and holding? Now I was learned I was taught back then and the and the come up they use ropes in the hand but we didn't use the word reins then.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  And uh uh well now just like the the uh uh lines is what we'd use what what what we'd use.
Interviewer:  What would you call it now?
461:  I'd call it the reins now bridle reins
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  the reins.
Interviewer:  And what your your feet would be in would be the?
461:  Stirrups
Interviewer:  And um when you're plowing you know the trenches cut by a plow?
461:  Yeah furrow
Interviewer:  And when if you're plowing with two horses do you have a name for the horse that walks in the furrow?
461:  Mm well I I don't think so I don't plow see I never uh been had any experience with with one one animal now.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  And uh I don't know what you're talking about there.
Interviewer:  I was wondering if you'd ever heard something like um lead horse or nigh horse?
461:  No no no see I never did work in pair.
Interviewer:  And um if you got rid of all the brush and trees on your land you'd say you did what
461:  Clear
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  Clear
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um you know when you um cut the hay off a piece of land and it {NW} comes back up again in the same year high enough so you can cut it again what do you call that? {NS}
461:  I don't know I mean I- I I cut it again.
Interviewer:  Uh did you call that second cutting or rowing or?
461:  Uh second cutting.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um a crop that hasn't been planted but that- that year but comes up anyway you call a?
461:  Volunteer
Interviewer:  And um wheat is tied up into a?
461:  Uh I don't know what you're on about now about wheat. It might be having another one but like I like I was talking about this fodder awhile ago
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  just a bundle
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  that's what it is.
Interviewer:  And then that's piled up into a?
461:  Stack
Interviewer:  And um talking about how much you raise you might say we raise forty what? of wheat to an acre forty?
461:  Bushels
Interviewer:  And um say if talking about distance you might say well I know exactly how far away it is but it's just a?
461:  Mile or two
Interviewer:  Or it's just a little?
461:  Ways
Interviewer:  And say if you had been traveling and hadn't finished your trip you'd say you still had a?
461:  A long ways to go.
Interviewer:  And um if something was very common and you didn't have to look for it in a special place you'd say oh you can find that just about?
461:  Most anywhere
Interviewer:  And um if someone slipped and fell this way you'd say he fell over?
461:  Backwards
Interviewer:  And this way?
461:  Now listen {NW} let me tell you about that. {NW} That word that I used for a long time was bakards
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  B-A-K-A-R-D-S something like that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But backwards now.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  And uh forwards
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Farwards I I guess that was A F-A-R-W-A-R-D-S
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But it's forwards and backwards.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. say if um if you'd gone fishing and I ask you if you caught any you might say no what a one no?
461:  I didn't catch a one.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh would you ever s- would you say not a one or nary one? {NW}
461:  Well uh no well I know um some of that's used but nary one um and I hear you know this is in this particular part of the country but that's very seldom used.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Nary one
Interviewer:  You would never say that yourself?
461:  We didn't catch many or we didn't catch hardly any.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But not nary that's that's very seldom used.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. and um what do you have to do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of it?
461:  I don't know shuck it I guess.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um
461:  Well now I'm talking about {NW} you talking about corn it's taking the the cover off of corn that's shucking.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Now oats I'm not familiar with that y- y- I mean I haven't talked to someone about it uh what I'm what I'm familiar with.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But I I don't know about oats I mean oats and wheat
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. say um say if there was something that if there is something that we had to do today just the two of us you might say we'll have to do it or you might turn to me and say?
461:  We've got
Interviewer:  Well instead of saying we you might say
461:  Let's?
Interviewer:  Or would you say me and you or you and I or how would you say that?
461:  So okay wait a minute
Interviewer:  You might say we'll have to do it or you might say?
461:  I don't know now I I may tell you what I say. We've got to do something today
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  I might say you and I.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  But not me and you or you and me and something like that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Or you might say um {NW} say if someone wanted us for a certain job you might say well he doesn't want just you or just me he wants?
461:  Both of us
Interviewer:  And um say if you were um talking about how tall you are you'd say um he's not as tall as?
461:  Me
Interviewer:  Or you might say I'm not as tall as?
461:  He
Interviewer:  And um you say he can do that better than?
461:  I can
Interviewer:  And um say if someone if you knock on the door and and they ask who's there you know that they recognize your voice you might answer it's?
461:  Me
Interviewer:  And say if it was um if it was a man and you go to the door and you say it's say if someone asked was that Jim at the door you say yeah that was?
461:  {NW} Him
Interviewer:  And if it was a woman you might say that was?
461:  Her
Interviewer:  And if it was two people you'd say that was?
461:  Them
Interviewer:  And um you say something belongs to me then you'd say it's?
461:  Mine
Interviewer:  Or to me you'd say it's?
461:  Yours
Interviewer:  And to both of us it's?
461:  Ours
Interviewer:  And to them it's?
461:  Their's
Interviewer:  And to him?
461:  His
Interviewer:  And to her?
461:  Hers
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear people say his'n or your'n?
461:  Yeah yeah
Interviewer:  Does that sound old fashion to you or?
461:  Yes it does and it's quite commonly used in Wausau.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Around it's it's uh his'n uh her- well I don't know about hers'n but I know it's his'n his'n. That's that's been used.
Interviewer:  Would you say that yourself?
461:  No no
Interviewer:  How would you address a a group of
461:  In fact when I heard it
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  it didn't sound right.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  I thought it was something wrong all the time it just didn't sound right.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But I have heard it.
Interviewer:  What would you say to address a group of people would you say you or would you say?
461:  To address a group?
Interviewer:  Yeah to talking to a more than one person would you say you or would you have another expression? Would you say you all or y'all or youins or?
461:  Uh y'all y'all
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Not youins that's up in the Carolinas.
Interviewer:  Uh huh
461:  Very common used up around.
Interviewer:  How much traveling have you done have you been up in the?
461:  I've been up I was in service in uh North Carolina at Fort Bragg.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  And we met some friends and had s- uh they would use youins very common
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  and we'd pick that up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. How long were you in the service? {NS}
461:  Two years. {NS}
Interviewer:  Did you stay at Fort Bragg?
461:  No I went to uh I was in Fort Gordon Georgia in Augusta.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Fort Campbell Kentucky {NS} Fort Jackson South Carolina {X} {NS}
Interviewer:  How did you like it out there in the mountains?
461:  I liked it. We went uh we was on vacation up in uh Ashville and Knoxville.
Interviewer:  Oh really?
461:  Nashville Tennessee
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  I like gospel music
Interviewer:  Yeah
461:  and uh I like uh country and western. {X} lot of kind of music I like but uh primarily gospel
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  country and western music.
Interviewer:  Do you go see Grand Ole Gospel?
461:  Uh we went but didn't hear the program we went inside the building.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Uh we was up there around Wednesday see they have that on Friday and Saturday nights but we got to go inside the building.
Interviewer:  It's opera Saturday night isn't?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Ain't is gospel Friday?
461:  Right gospel Friday I heard it last night on the radio.
Interviewer:  {NS} Um {NS} say if you were if some uh their car was out in the road you might say to them somebody is going to run into?
461:  What is that?
Interviewer:  Would you would you ever say um say if there was a group of people and their car was out on the road you might tell them someone's gonna run into?
461:  You?
Interviewer:  Would you ever say y'all's car or your car or you all's car how would you say that?
461:  No uh I'd say uh if you don't watch out
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  somebody is gonna run into you. Or gonna run into your car not into you all's car.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And say if there had been a party
461:  Now listen let me tell you something about you all where it's very commonly used in this area.
Interviewer:  Where's that?
461:  Not as much now but back in the times I was young
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  okay? you come to see me when you fix to leave today {NW}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Well I got to go home well you says I got to go now
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  you all come to see me.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Just live across the branch over there or creek.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Y'all come okay y'all come.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Now that was I mean that was commonly used.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Um and this and the you all is very is is commonly used now.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Now okay uh maybe like there'd be um trick or treating tonight set up in this community a man called me awhile go and say you all don't forget now tonight is trick or treating. You all don't forget.
Interviewer:  Would was that do you take that as referring to your whole family or does it mean just you?
461:  No my whole family. Everybody
Interviewer:  No one would ever say you all talking to one person?
461:  No sir {NS} no
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about
461:  A couple now even with a couple you all come and see me.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Or you all don't forget talking about two people.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But not never one.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  You don't forget.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. what if there had been a party and you hadn't been able to go to it and you were asking about the people that had gone {NW} you might ask well?
461:  Did you all have a good time?
Interviewer:  Or you want to know which people had gone you might ask well who would you ever say who all was there? Did you ever use that?
461:  Yes yeah
Interviewer:  How would you use-
461:  Who all was at the party?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Who all was at the party.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Uh now I don't think a lot of times I I'll say who was at the party. Who was at the party.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  That that that all is used a lot of times really when it's not necessary to be used but it is very commonly used.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What if say there was a group of children out playing and now obviously belonged to more than one family you were asking about them you might say?
461:  Let's see who does all these children belong to?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh would you ever say who all's children are they? Or whose children are they?
461:  I don't think no not now that's used but I don't I wouldn't use I don't use it.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh what if if say you were asking about a speaker's remarks you no all of all of his remarks everything he said you might ask well?
461:  What you what say that again.
Interviewer:  When you were asking about all of the speakers remarks you know everything that he said you might ask well? Would you ever say what all did he say? What all did he talk about?
461:  Uh yeah I'd say what all did the speaker talk about.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. and um
461:  That all would come in there
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  What all did he talk about.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And say if no one else will look out for them you say they've got to look out for?
461:  Themself
Interviewer:  And if no one else will do it for 'em you say he better do it?
461:  Himself
Interviewer:  And um what's made of flour and baked in loaves?
461:  What is that?
Interviewer:  Made of flour and baked in loafs?
461:  Loaves?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Biscuits
Interviewer:  Mm-kay or or something else that comes in a loaf would be a?
461:  Bun
Interviewer:  Uh-huh what I'm talking about kinds of kinds of bread though. What?
461:  Pone well that's not uh now that's what I was talking about the other day. We uh bake a bread in a loaf inside of flour.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. what do you put in it to make it rise?
461:  Uh baking powder
Interviewer:  What what about something else that you put in-
461:  We don't put yeast in it
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  We don't use yeast.
Interviewer:  Do do you know what that kind of bread is called where you put yeast in it? Do you ever hear light bread or um?
461:  Oh yeah light bread yeah It's the white bread we buy light bread yeah. Yeah
Interviewer:  That's what
461:  It's not used anymore it's just about to get out. But used to when I was a young boy and coming up light bread uh that meant the kind that was bought.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Uh commercially. Like the loaves of bread we get today. That was light bread. It was real light see.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Now either light bread or biscuits or cornbread.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh you said there's two kinds of bread there's homemade bread and then there's?
461:  Uh the commercially bought bread.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh what other kinds of um what what sort of things did you make out of um corn meal
461:  Uh the uh small flat uh what I'm talking about now what uh what baker.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Okay a baker is a particular um {NW} utensil cooking utensil that you bake bread in.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  That's one kind there's a number of kinds. But it's a flat skillet with the low sides on it you know what I'm talking about?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Okay you bake bread in that that is a baker.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Okay you you you mix your cornmeal in water and salt you can make cornbread.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  You might not think you can but you can. All you got to do is just mix it up and
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  flatten it out and you can cook it on top the stove or you can bake it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But the one I'm talking about now uh hoe cake. That's a thin uh cake of cornbread.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Cooked on top of a stove and turn it a couple of times and it was quick thin and it would cook quick see.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But your thicker you'd make it out of a pone. {NW} A roll and you'd put it in the stove and bake it uh you'd do it in a different type of skillet too one with a higher side.
Interviewer:  What do you mean a pone? Is that a sort of a loaf?
461:  Yeah it's a sort of a loaf. P-O-N-E
Interviewer:  About what size is it?
461:  Uh I'd say it's a oh well about like about like that.
Interviewer:  How many inches say? Six?
461:  No no not six I'd say about four.
Interviewer:  Four inches wide and
461:  Four inches wide and about six inches long.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh What sort of things would you make from cooking with fish?
461:  There's a number of {X} hush puppies now.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Okay if we gonna have fish today we'll have hush puppies.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But not long ago it wouldn't of been the common word.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  I'd say uh corn dodgers and see it's got it's name I don't know where.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Uh corn dodgers uh doodads
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Made out of doe see that's what your mixture is is a doe D-O-E. I guess I mean that's now it is pronounced. Now uh but now then it's it's hush puppies.
Interviewer:  Is that about about what is that sort of round shaped or?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  What is it
461:  Well now it's a it's a it's round shaped kinda like a small miniature football.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. about how big? Three inches or so?
461:  No no not three inches about one inch and one inch by about two inches.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Okay now uh another way to do it is to cook uh okay now that's a hush puppy and your corn dodgers I always uh had learned uh to identify 'em by now my wife uh learned it from another she had the doodad and I didn't do that she mentioned that the other day.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But I didn't learn but the doodad but that was her family they had it named.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  It's when you flatten this corn bread out see a hush puppy is cornmeal mixed.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Well you flatten it out about that thick and it looks like a doughnut.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Now that's what we call corn dodgers now it's different than the corn dodger and the hush puppy
Interviewer:  Wait
461:  Because of the shape it's the same
Interviewer:  It's about the same much same amount of dough in it but it's it's flatter it's a corn dodger?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Does it have a hole in the center?
461:  That's right that's right
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Now the reason they do that is it helps cook you see that grease can get in and cook it where as if it was a whole flat cake you see it wouldn't cook
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  as quick
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  as it should but then when you put that hole in it see it that grease gets in all the way around it can cook quicker.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. so a a corn dodger is like a a cornmeal doughnut then?
461:  That's right
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  that's right.
Interviewer:  Were there different uh what about something you could take um just salt and water and cornmeal and make something that you could eat with a spoon.
461:  I don't know what you could eat um
Interviewer:  Well say if you were kind of sick and you couldn't hold much on your stomach do you ever hear of mush or gruel or something like that?
461:  No no
Interviewer:  Were there different kinds of doughnuts um maybe by {NS} different ways of making it or um putting yeast in it or?
461:  What doughnuts?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  I don't know. The only donuts that I ever uh had a chance to get was after I got on up now when I was young I didn't have such thing as doughnuts.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  When I got uh maybe we begin to buy a few when this other man married my aunt.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Get 'em at the stores and so on but I don't know anything about making doughnuts.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And um you say you'd something you'd take up a batter and then make from fry three or four of these for breakfast that would be a? And eat with syrup and butter.
461:  Biscuits
Interviewer:  Or no something you'd flat and you'd
461:  Oh flapjack
Interviewer:  Uh-huh any other names for them?
461:  Oh yeah now listen uh I used to I used to we used to make and would eat what they'd call a flapjack.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Made out of flour bread
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  see not cornmeal but flour.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Any other name for for that?
461:  {NW} We call 'em flapjack.
Interviewer:  Do what about flitter or
461:  #1 Oh yeah flitters too. #
Interviewer:  #2 pancake or? #
461:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
461:  Flitters I'll tell you what the word it don't make any difference it was about fifty percent each way I'd say. It was either uh uh I don't know what we just come on the end of a person's tongue at that time would a either a flitter I know what they talking about it was a flapjack I know what he's talking about.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But now about this uh uh a pancake now I've used pancake today it's a pancake now.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. but you used to call it
461:  flitters or flapjacks that's right.
Interviewer:  Um and talk about how much flour might be in a sack you might say a sack would contain five or ten what of flour five or ten ?
461:  What is that?
Interviewer:  Talking about how much flour might be in a sack now you might buy five or ten?
461:  Pounds
Interviewer:  And um the inside part of the egg is called the?
461:  Yolk
Interviewer:  And what color is that?
461:  Yellow wait a minute used to be yeller.
Interviewer:  You'd call call the thing the the yeller?
461:  That's right
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and if you cooked them in hot water what do you call 'em?
461:  Boiled
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  Boil an egg.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What if you um cracked 'em and let them fall out of their shells in the hot water?
461:  Do what now?
Interviewer:  If you cracked them and let them drop into hot water?
461:  Uh well now that would be poaching.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  I didn't know what that was.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Not until just a few years ago.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  We never did do anything like that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about um when you'd kill a hog um what would call the different parts of meat?
461:  Oh yeah we got the chitlins ham uh middlings
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  and livers and and uh shoulders
Interviewer:  When you cut
461:  and the jou- jowls but they used to pronounce that joules.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. When you'd cut the side of a hog what would you call that?
461:  That's a middling
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. what about the word bacon what what does bacon mean?
461:  See now here what do bacon mean?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  It meant that middling the side of a hog.
Interviewer:  Would you call that a side of bacon or a middling of bacon or?
461:  Side of bacon
Interviewer:  Uh-huh what's the difference between bacon and middling?
461:  There's no uh now let me tell you what uh Barbara see the side the flat uh portion of a hog when you you know cut the parts out and actually butcher that side what we call slab bacon now
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  that is a middling it used to be all and it's one piece.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Well when you cut pieces out of that well you you {X} used to when they would hang it in the smoke house you'd hang the whole thing it would be big as this towel over here and you're about to see the whole side of a hog that is a middling of meat.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  See?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  You'd cut you'd go on and you'd cut a portion of that off you'd cut a slab of bacon see it is the same thing as bacon.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  That's what they make bacon out of now that's what we used to call a middling.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What do you call the the meat that you buy already sliced to cook with eggs? Is that what do you call that bacon now if it's already sliced?
461:  Oh yeah we call it that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. what about the um fat salt pork that you might boil with greens?
461:  White salt
Interviewer:  What was that exactly?
461:  It was the same thing as bacon um I guess. I don't know it was just white it wasn't cured or smoked
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  I just don't know uh I guess that uh white side meat is uh is uh just that portion of the middling uh of the slab of bacon that is just not cured I don't know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. anything else um sowbelly um fat back anything else?
461:  Oh yeah fat back uh no now listen that fat back uh we used to call it uh white sow. {NW}
Interviewer:  What'd you
461:  And fat backs same thing.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. fat back is a newer word?
461:  I don't think so. Maybe it is
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Uh now I don't use any of that particular kind of meat now. But if I was if I was going to tell my wife if I says go down to the store and bye some white sow
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  I wouldn't say fat back.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh what about the
461:  And I know it was in in my own way the associating the two but I know it was either one but I'd tell her to go get some white sow.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. what do you call the edge of the bacon you cut off before you slice it?
461:  The skin
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um you might take um a person that that cuts and sells meat you call him a?
461:  A man that cuts and sells meat
Interviewer:  Well the person that kills kills the meat and and sells it.
461:  Butcher
Interviewer:  Okay did you used to use that word?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Do do you think of him as being in a behind a meat counter or someone who
461:  Yeah he's a butcher.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh What about say you take the um trimmings and s- cut 'em up and slice 'em and grind 'em?
461:  Trimmings
Interviewer:  And and then you'd what would you make out of it?
461:  Cracklings
Interviewer:  Or or say you might grind it and season it and stuff it and?
461:  Sausage
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. and if meat's been kept too long you say the meat is?
461:  Spoiled
Interviewer:  And um what do you call the {NS} inside parts of the hog that you eat? {NS}
461:  Uh {NS} well like the we call 'em the chitlings.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. what else? {NS}
461:  Liver
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} {NS} have you ever heard liver and
461:  Lights?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  What was that?
461:  Uh it's- it's a it's a part of that uh organ uh somehow with the liver I don't know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But liver and lights.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  L-I-G-H-T-S seemingly that's the way it is pronoun-
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  And I- I don't know I don't like it anyway.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS}
461:  And uh I don't know today whether they separate that I just don't know but I have heard of liver and lights as being associated together.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What about {D: harslet or haslet?}
461:  Oh yeah haslet that's right.
Interviewer:  What's that?
461:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  It is part of the inside of the hog now like I say uh uh you see well I don't butcher. Well I mean I never have but they they don't butcher hogs like they used to.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  See and you're not around it and you hear those words used but I have heard that word haslet. {NW} And it's part of the inside of a hog that people eat.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Now I've heard that word but I- I don't know what it is.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} what um can you make with the meat from the hog's head?
461:  Souse
Interviewer:  Okay any other name for that?
461:  Hog head cheese.
Interviewer:  Okay
461:  Now listen we didn't use that we used that word souse that was the most common but I have heard that hog headed cheese used.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Same thing {NW}
Interviewer:  Is there anything you could make by cooking and grinding up the liver?
461:  Not as I know of liver pudding.
Interviewer:  What what was that?
461:  I don't know I- I don't know anything that you could do that I have heard of it but I don't know never seen any of it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. did you ever hear of anything made out of the blood?
461:  I've heard of what you call I mean I've heard of a blood pudding but I ain't never heard uh I ain't never seen none of that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. have you ever heard of something called scrapple or pon haus?
461:  Uh-uh
Interviewer:  And say if you had kept butter too long you'd say that the butter was? It didn't taste right you'd say it was? T-
461:  Tainted
Interviewer:  Any other word?
461:  No uh rank
Interviewer:  Okay and thick sour milk you'd call?
461:  {X}
Interviewer:  Mm-kay anything you can make from that?
461:  Butter
Interviewer:  Well any kind of cheese or anything?
461:  I don't know about that uh like cottage cheese?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  I don't I don't know uh whether it did or not we never did.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay um and the first thing you do after milking is you have to?
461:  Strain it
Interviewer:  And um this is something it's sort of like a a fruit pie it's baked in a deep dish and its got several layers of fruit and pastry? {NW} And maybe you put down a layer of dough then you put down some apples and then some more dough
461:  Apple pie
Interviewer:  But
461:  {NW}
Interviewer:  something
461:  {X} casserole
Interviewer:  Now say if um have you ever heard um well there's a lot of different names um deep dish apple pie or um?
461:  No just apple pie
Interviewer:  Or what about cobbler?
461:  Yeah yeah peach cobbler right.
Interviewer:  What's that like?
461:  Now listen it is the same thing as a peach pie.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  A cobbler's just a more modern as far as I'm concerned a newer name for a peach pie.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. and um say if someone had a good appetite you'd say he sure likes to put away his?
461:  Listen I'm gonna tell you what can really hide some groceries
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  that's it.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear the word vittles used?
461:  Oh yeah yeah that's about the same thing well he'd hide some vittles
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  vittles groceries
Interviewer:  Would you say the vittles now? Would you be likely to use that word?
461:  {NW} Nope I'd say boy he can hide some food.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um you might take milk or cream and mix that with um sugar and nutmeg and pour it over pie you'd call that a?
461:  Cream
Interviewer:  Yeah but take a sweet liquid that you could pour over pudding or pie what would you call that?
461:  I don't know. What what what was it supposed to be called?
Interviewer:  Well I was thinking of um would you call it gravy or dressing or dip or sauce or?
461:  Um {NS} now I associate a cream I say I want some cream to go on my pie.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  A cream on my pizza.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Now then if I got some dressing and you got a mixture out here
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  I want some of that uh say gravy
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  to go on my mash potatoes.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But I want cream to go on my pizza's and my pie.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. and um food taken between regular meals you'd call a?
461:  Uh eating between meals?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Any kind of snack.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay
461:  Wait a minute let's see uh yeah it'd be a snack now.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But back and when I was coming up don't eat but said eat between meals they don't ever they didn't ever use the word snack.
Interviewer:  What did they say?
461:  He says he eats between meals
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  that's it.
Interviewer:  And um you say this morning I what breakfast at seven o'clock?
461:  {NW} Ate
Interviewer:  And yesterday
461:  {X} I eat
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  Eat
Interviewer:  Mm-kay
461:  I say this morning I eat breakfast about seven o'clock.
Interviewer:  And yesterday at that time I had already?
461:  I'd say ate today.
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  I'd say ate.
Interviewer:  You'd say yesterday I already ate?
461:  At this time
Interviewer:  And um you say tomorrow I will?
461:  I'll eat at this time.
Interviewer:  And um say if you're real thirsty you might go to the sink and pour yourself a?
461:  Drink
Interviewer:  Or a what would it be?
461:  Pour me a drink of water
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and you'd pour it in a? You'd drink it out of a?
461:  Glass
Interviewer:  And um if you were real thirsty you might say I what a lot of water?
461:  The same way.
Interviewer:  I was thirsty and I what a glass of water?
461:  I drank a lot of water.
Interviewer:  And um you might ask me how much water have you?
461:  Drank today?
Interviewer:  And you say we certainly do
461:  Now the word drunk I drunk a lot of water today.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Is very very easily used because that was the words that was used.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. And you say we certainly do what a lot of water?
461:  Drink a lot of water.
Interviewer:  And if dinner was on the table and the family was standing around the table you'd tell 'em to go ahead and?
461:  The dinner is ready
Interviewer:  Or go ahead and what? They are standing up you tell 'em go ahead and?
461:  Eat
Interviewer:  Mm-kay or they're standing around the table though you'd tell 'em to?
461:  To uh be seated.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and someone comes into the dining room and you ask 'em won't you what down won't you?
461:  Sit down
Interviewer:  And you say so then he?
461:  Sits down
Interviewer:  Or then he went ahead and what down?
461:  Eat
Interviewer:  Yeah but you say then he went ahead and?
461:  Sit down
Interviewer:  And um you say no one else is standing because they had all?
461:  Sit down
Interviewer:  And um if you want someone not to and wait until the potatoes are passed over to them you tell 'em to just go ahead and?
461:  Start eating
Interviewer:  But say you are offering you say don't don't wait until it's passed just everybody go ahead and?
461:  Help themself
Interviewer:  And um so you'd say so then he went ahead and? what himself?
461:  Helped himself
Interviewer:  And you say I asked him to pass them over to me since he had already? What himself?
461:  Served himself
Interviewer:  Or since he'd already? Using the word help you'd say since he'd already?
461:  Served himself
Interviewer:  Or using the word help?
461:  Helped himself
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear people say hope?
461:  Uh-uh
Interviewer:  Hope himself You had
461:  Oh I might have but not common enough to for it to stick.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. and if someone offers you some food that you don't want you say no thank you I don't?
461:  Care for it.
Interviewer:  And um if food's been cooked and served a second time you say that it's been?
461:  Left over
Interviewer:  And um you say you put put food in your mouth and then you begin to?
461:  {X}
Interviewer:  Or you begin to?
461:  Chew
Interviewer:  And um what do you call peas and beets and so forth that you grow yourself?
461:  Vegetables
Interviewer:  Mm-kay you wouldn't have a special name depending on if you grew them yourself or not would you?
461:  No
Interviewer:  Never heard of garden truck or? And um something that a particularly southern food that's made of ground up corn you might eat for breakfast?
461:  Grits
Interviewer:  Mm-kay what about something that you'd make by um leeching the husk off corn?
461:  Hominy
Interviewer:  Mm-kay is that what you always called it hominy?
461:  I think so.
Interviewer:  And um this is something that it's made from the inside of a grain um people in China and Japan eat it a lot? It's white. It's a it's a starch it's made from a grain and you can grow it you probably could grow it around here but you'd it {NS}
461:  I don't know what that is what it
Interviewer:  I'm see it starts with an R something that grows in in water pretty much.
461:  Rice
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Oh yeah
Interviewer:  Do you do has people grown it around here or do you know?
461:  They used to.
Interviewer:  And um
461:  I got about two minutes and then I got to go
Interviewer:  Okay um just one more question then um what have you ever heard of um people making whiskey themselves? Maybe out in the woods.
461:  Yes
Interviewer:  What did you hear it called?
461:  Rum
Interviewer:  #1 Rum just for anything that #
461:  #2 right #
Interviewer:  that they'd make themselves?
461:  That's right rum white lightening
Interviewer:  Uh-huh was there a difference
461:  {X}
Interviewer:  What if it was um real poor quality?
461:  Rotgut
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and what about homemade beer?
461:  Brew home brew
Interviewer:  Mm-kay
461:  Barbara I {NW}
Speaker 3:  {X}
Interviewer:  No I'm just hear by myself
Speaker 3:  Really?
Interviewer:  Let's see um what do you call the inside part of the cherry?
461:  The inside part of the what?
Interviewer:  Cherry
461:  I don't know
Interviewer:  You okay what about on a peach?
461:  Oh a peach
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  we call that the seed.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay do do you call it that for a cherry?
461:  Cherry?
Interviewer:  Yeah
461:  I would say so
Interviewer:  Mm-kay um and the kind of peach that it's real hard to get the that you have to cut the seed out of?
461:  Oh yeah that's a prince.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay what about the other kind?
461:  It's a clear seed.
Interviewer:  Okay what do you call the part inside the seed?
461:  Kernel
Interviewer:  Okay and the part of the apple that you don't eat?
461:  Core
Interviewer:  And um {NS} the kinds of what kinds of nuts do you have around here? {NS}
461:  Pecan we used to call that the pecan {NW}
Speaker 3:  Pecan
461:  and the hickory uh we used to call that the hickor nut.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  And uh peanuts we used to call 'em {D: pindars and ground peas.}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  And uh {NS} walnuts there's just a few.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  {X}
Interviewer:  On the the walnuts you know there's two coverings for it you know?
461:  Yeah I don't know uh I'm not familiar with the walnut I don't know what you'd call either one of them.
Interviewer:  Have you ever seen one off a tree?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  You know it's got the that covering that's green until it it bursts you know?
461:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  And then then it's got a you can take that out off and then it's got a harder covering
Speaker 3:  Lacey like covering.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  I don't know
Interviewer:  Okay and um the kind of fruit about the the size of an apple that
461:  persimmon
Interviewer:  or that Florida is famous for?
461:  Oh orange
Interviewer:  Okay say if you had a bowl of oranges and one day you went in to get one and there weren't left you'd say the oranges are?
461:  They're gone
Interviewer:  Okay and um what sort of things did you grow in a garden?
461:  Turnips collards
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  peas okra cucumbers squash
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  radishes used to call them radishes
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  uh onions cabbage
Interviewer:  What about um a red thing that grows up on a um bush that you'd stake up?
461:  Tomato
Interviewer:  Okay
461:  Used to call them matos. {NW}
Interviewer:  What about those those little ones that don't get any bigger than that?
461:  Cherry tomatoes a tommy toes.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. did you ever hear another name for those?
461:  I might have but I can not recall.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear out house tomatoes?
461:  No
Interviewer:  So just tommy toes
461:  No I never did hear
Interviewer:  Okay and um you say uh along with your meat you might have a baked?
461:  Potato
Interviewer:  Okay what kinds of potatoes are there?
461:  Irish used to call them Irish.
Interviewer:  Okay
461:  Irish potatoes Idaho
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  white which I'd just know 'em as a Irish potato.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh what about the other kind that has red meat?
461:  Sweet potato
Interviewer:  Okay are there different kinds of those?
461:  I've heard them called yams I don't know the difference in a yam and a sweet potato I've heard 'em called both.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  So I just we call 'em sweet potatoes.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. {NS} and um {NS} you mentioned onions you know those those little onions that that you pull up and eat you know raw when in the spring the do you know what I mean? Before they get real big you know maybe the bulbs about
461:  Uh nest egg
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  We called 'em nest eggs onion a set onion set
Speaker 3:  Onion set A spring onions
Interviewer:  Did you call it that?
461:  I called 'em uh nest nesting onions.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. and
461:  Because they come in clusters
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Is that the same as she mentioned the spring onions?
461:  I don't know I think I think it is
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and um what kinds of beans do you have? That that you have to
461:  Slap beans
Interviewer:  Uh-huh {NW}
461:  Slap beans {NW} is about all.
Interviewer:  And say when you have to get one to get the beans out of the pods you #1 you say you're? #
461:  #2 Shell #
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  We shell 'em
Interviewer:  Okay what kinds of beans do you have to shell?
461:  Oh you're talking about beans?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Well uh {X}
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  We don't eat them {X} we don't raise them in the garden but I- I thought you was talking about the bean and the only only bean beans that we raise in the garden is the snap bean.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Now there's probably other kind but we don't raise any but snap beans.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Or the velvet bean is planted in the field #1 fertility #
Speaker 3:  #2 How bout the butter bean? #
461:  #1 #
Speaker 3:  #2 #
461:  What?
Speaker 3:  The butter bean
461:  Oh yeah the butter bean that's right we shell 'em.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. is what's the difference between a butter bean and a lima bean? Or is there any difference?
Speaker 3:  Same
461:  There's two kind there's a colored butter bean we call it and we call it green bean.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  bean. That's the green butter bean I guess
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  The colored butter bean is colored.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
Speaker 3:  And the the white butter bean is the one that when they get dry
461:  Well I guess a butter bean's a lima bean.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh {NW} and you say you take the tops of turnips and cook them and make a mess of?
461:  Turnips
Interviewer:  Or another name for that?
461:  Greens
Interviewer:  Okay what other kinds of greens do you have besides turnips?
461:  Collards and mustard
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of poke?
461:  Yeah we don't have that around here. {X} I think they might have raised
Speaker 3:  That's a long time ago.
Interviewer:  {NW}
461:  #1 {X} #
Speaker 4:  #2 Momma come here and tie my shoes. #
461:  #1 #
Speaker 4:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Okay {NW} um {NW} say if um the outside of an ear of corn is called a?
461:  Shuck
Interviewer:  And um the stringy stuff on it?
461:  Silk
Interviewer:  And um the thing that grows up at the top of the corn stalk?
461:  {NW} Tassel we used to call it the tossel.
Interviewer:  Okay
461:  T-O {X} but it's a tassel.
Interviewer:  And um {NW} what about the um the kind of corn you eat off the cob?
461:  Sweet corn
Interviewer:  Okay any other name for that is that what you used to call it?
461:  Early corn
Interviewer:  What about um roasting
461:  Roasting roas- roasting ears.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  {NW} We used to call 'em roasting ears. {NW} Roasting ears
Interviewer:  Is that the same thing as sweet corn?
461:  Yes so it can either be field corn it's just a ear of corn that you roast.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
Speaker 3:  {X}
Interviewer:  Does it mean is that the um I think that'll stay like that yeah um is that the same thing as the sweet corn or is? Does that sort of mean more how it's prepared or?
461:  No sweet corn has got a sweet taste.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Now the regular field corn
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  you can still have creamed corn
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  but it won't be sweet.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Uh that's why we used to call sweet corn it's got a sweet taste.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh the field corn is what you call the roasting ears or?
461:  Well any uh either one of 'em. Uh if you roast it in the oven baked the corn it can be either the sweet or either the field corn.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  That's where you get where I got the word roasting ears is because we roast it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. and um something that well big thing that you'd um make pie out of at Thanksgiving?
461:  Pumpkin we used to call it punkin.
Interviewer:  Okay and um what kinds of melons did you used to raise?
461:  Watermelon and cantaloupe
Interviewer:  Is there a something another name for cantaloupe or something similar?
461:  A mush melon
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  What's the difference?
461:  There's not any as I know of.
Speaker 3:  A mushmelon is bigger
Interviewer:  Was it?
461:  I think it's the same thing.
Speaker 3:  I think momma had she had some and the mushmelon was real big and the cantaloupes are small.
461:  Okay
Speaker 4:  Cantaloupes and orange and mushmelon.
461:  Used to call anything that wasn't a watermelon a mushmelon.
Interviewer:  {NW} What different kinds of watermelon were there?
461:  Black diamond and then we used to call I guess it's the Congo now the one with the streaks
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  the rattle snake
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  I don't it was a name of a watermelon I know it wasn't.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  We did call it rattlesnake it had streaks.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  And then a Charleston gray now.
Interviewer:  What does that look like?
461:  White
Interviewer:  White on the outside or?
461:  Right it's red on the inside. They used to have one well they still got it I don't know what you'd call it but it's got a yellow meat flesh to it inside.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  It's yellow we used to say yeller {NW}
Interviewer:  You call that the yellow watermelon or?
461:  No I call it the yellow-meated watermelon is what we how we identified. And how you could tell it on the outside of the melon there was little specks. Looks like stars and then they would be designs that look like a moon
Interviewer:  Hmm
461:  every now and then that you'd see. Is that right? {B}
Speaker 3:  What's that?
461:  Yellow-meated watermelon you ever notice it?
Speaker 3:  Help me understand.
461:  well it had a like I said the little speaks that looked like stars it had a it was pretty.
Interviewer:  Huh {NW} never seen one of those.
461:  They were {NW} kinda rare wasn't a lot of 'em planted.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. and um {NS} little umbrella shaped thing that springs up in the woods or fields after it rains
461:  Mushroom
Interviewer:  Okay
461:  We used to call it mushy room
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  We used to call it mushy room
Interviewer:  Uh-huh what what about something similar to that that maybe you couldn't eat?
461:  Toad stew
Interviewer:  Uh-huh wh- what's the the difference?
461:  I don't think there's any {NW} really.
Interviewer:  And um something that that you'd have on the table to to season food with would be?
461:  Black pepper
Interviewer:  Or
461:  salt.
Interviewer:  Okay {NW} and um something you might have to spread on toast in the morning?
461:  Butter
Interviewer:  Or the sweet spread from
461:  Jelly
Interviewer:  Okay and um you might say this isn't imitation maple syrup this is?
461:  Pure
Interviewer:  Or this is gen-?
461:  Genuine
Interviewer:  Okay is that how you always said that word?
461:  Right
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear genuine?
461:  What? genuine
Interviewer:  Or genuine or
461:  Uh-uh no genuine.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and um when sugar was wasn't prepackaged but when it was sold out of the barrel you'd say that it was sold?
461:  By the bulk.
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if there was a a bowl of if there was some apples and a child wanted one he'd tell you?
461:  I want an apple
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if um {NS} say if a man had a a really bad sore throat and um you'd say well he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat and he couldn't?
461:  Swallow
Interviewer:  You'd say he could chew it but he couldn't?
461:  Swallow
Interviewer:  Okay and um something that people smoke made out of tobacco?
461:  Cigarette
Interviewer:  Okay and what else?
461:  Cigar
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if someone had about or you say if you were going to buy some some lettuce you might ask for three or four?
461:  Heads
Interviewer:  Okay um would you ever use that word heads talking about children? Say if you had six children would you ever say you had six heads of children?
461:  Well uh I've heard it used quite a bit.
Interviewer:  How wou-
461:  But I've never used it I- I don't I don't tell people that I got three head of children.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  I say I got three boys. I got three children I don't say that I got three head of children.
Interviewer:  How does that sound to you?
461:  It don't sound- it don't even sound country to me. I mean what I'm talking about it don't make I don't know it's just the wrong word to use.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh {NS} did you ever hear if say if someone had about fourteen children did you ever hear him say he had a passel of children?
461:  Yes
Interviewer:  How would they use that #1 word #
461:  #2 that's # real country Well okay puppies
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Somebody would say that well you could tell that they had a {NS} a large litter puppies and says that ol' dog's got a passel of puppies.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Uh passel of {NS} fleas around the place or something. It means a lot of 'em
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But I've heard it used but not real com- it's not common in this area.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Never has been not passel but it's been used sparingly.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh but but you did hear it said about children say?
461:  No I don't think so.
Interviewer:  Or just just animals like puppies or something?
461:  Uh yes and other subjects that they would be talking about not children.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. what about the word right smart? The right smart of children or the right smart of
Speaker 3:  Yeah
461:  Yeah that's common.
Interviewer:  How is that used? Do you or how do you use that?
461:  Let's see uh that means quite a bit.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Uh like if you have any turnips? Oh I have a right smart of 'em.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Right smart of turnips.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. would you ta-
461:  Uh it it's used uh quite a bit.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But really it's been used in this area and that's how it would be associated.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Would you talk about someone having a right smart of money? Or does that
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  does that sound funny to you?
461:  Well it'd be yes. It's not right but but it's been used that way.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and um say someone asked you to do something and you might say well I'd like to but I just?
461:  Can't or have time.
Interviewer:  Okay and um you might say in a in such a situation he what to be careful?
461:  Better watch out.
Interviewer:  Or say if um or you might say he should be careful or another way of saying that you say he what to be careful he?
461:  Protector
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. did you ever hear people say um he belongs to be careful?
461:  No
Interviewer:  How would what would you probably say?
461:  You talking about that somebody should exercise uh caution?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Well I've heard 'em say that he should be extremely careful.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Uh
Interviewer:  But you never heard anyone say that he belongs to
461:  No never have.
Interviewer:  something like that?
461:  Never have
Interviewer:  Um say if a boy got a whipping you'd say I bet he did something he?
461:  Shouldn't of done.
Interviewer:  Or using the word ought you'd say I bet he did something he? {NW}
461:  Ought notta done Ought notta ought notta done.
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if you are refusing to do something you might tell someone um and no matter how many times you ask me to do that I just what do it?
461:  Didn't do it.
Interviewer:  Or you saying that you will not do it you say I just?
461:  Can't
Interviewer:  Or I just?
Speaker 3:  Ought not
Speaker 4:  Won't daddy
461:  What?
Speaker 4:  Won't
461:  Uh I don't know just say it again. Ask me.
Interviewer:  Well say if some one ask you if you'll do something you say um well no matter how many times you ask me to I just?
Speaker 4:  I ain't gonna do it.
461:  No uh
Speaker 4:  Won't
461:  I'm not gonna do it
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if someone ask you if you'll be able to do something you might say well I'm not sure but I? Do you ever say I might?
461:  Give it a try
Interviewer:  Do you ever say I might could or do you ever say that might could do it?
461:  Yeah I might could do it.
Interviewer:  Okay
Interviewer:  {NW} And um talking about kinds of animals um the kind of bird that can see in the dark?
461:  Owl.
Interviewer:  Okay what what different kinds of owls are there?
461:  Hoot
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  Hoot owl
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm that's the bigger one isn't?
461:  Right that's the biggest. {D: And there's scrooch owl.}
Interviewer:  Okay.
461:  {NW} {D: But the screech owl I guess but we used to call 'em the scrooch owl.}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
461:  That's all I know.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear any stories about him? Like
461:  Oh yeah when the weather changed?
Interviewer:  What was that? {NS}
461:  If an owl {NS} we if we'd if we'd hear an owl hollering out
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  uh we'd say that the weather's gonna change in twelve or twenty four hours I don't know what it meant twenty four hours. Be a change in the weather.
Interviewer:  Huh
461:  I've heard that but I don't believe it.
Interviewer:  Hmm um what about the kind of bird that drills holes in trees?
461:  Woodpecker
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear that called anything else?
461:  Yes uh uh uh
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear that called peckerwood?
461:  No
Interviewer:  No one around here says that?
461:  They call 'em woodpeckers {NW}
Interviewer:  What do you call the the big ol' woodpecker? The one about the size of a chicken.
Speaker 3:  Hammerhead
461:  No oh I see uh god some kind of god I don't know what we'd call 'em but I think it was just an old boys name that we associated 'em with.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear lord god?
461:  Yeah no
Interviewer:  Lord god?
461:  It was some kind of god that we called but it wa- wasn't that.
Interviewer:  Do you remember where where you learned the word? Did I mean was it pretty common? pretty common
461:  No. Just between young boys you know playmates bird hunting slingshots and things. I never did hear adults use it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I think that maybe something that I just don't know we didn't use it much we used a woodpecker.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. and the kind of black and white animal that has the strong smell? {NS}
461:  {NW} Skunk we call 'em polecats.
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if some animals have been coming and getting in your hens and you didn't know what kind exactly it was is there any general name you'd use?
461:  Varmints
Interviewer:  Okay what does varmint mean exactly?
461:  I don't get no just exactly the definition but it would be could be a skunk could be a coon
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  uh opossum opossum
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  or either a weasel.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Some kind of an animal that would travel at night.
Interviewer:  It wouldn't be something like a
461:  #1 Well now I mean though #
Interviewer:  #2 mouse or a bat? #
461:  I'm talking about chickens uh some kind of varmint that you could see his track.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  See well I saw where a varmint crossed the road.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Well you wouldn't expect it to be {NS} uh {NS} I don't know but a squirrel don't uh uh wouldn't in in my opinion I wouldn't classify them as a varmint.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  You know what I'm talking about?
Interviewer:  Yeah
461:  But I would a an opossum or a coon
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  but I don't know why a squirrel no.
Interviewer:  What kinds of squirrels are there?
461:  Fox and cat
Interviewer:  What's the difference?
461:  Fox squirrel is a big squirrel
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  and a cat squirrel is small.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of any kind of squirrel called a boomer?
461:  No
Interviewer:  I guess that's that's more of a {NS} I think that's a big squirrel up in the mountains or something.
461:  Might be
Interviewer:  Uh what about something that looks kind of like a squirrel only it it's a little smaller and it has stripes down it's back and?
461:  Weasel?
Interviewer:  {NW} I was thinking of something like um uh you may not have 'em around here do have you ever heard of chipmunk or ground squirrel?
461:  Yeah but we don't have 'em here.
Interviewer:  Okay
461:  We might have 'em they're just pets you don't they not wild.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. What um sort of fish do they get around here?
461:  What kind of fish?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Bass. Trout.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  {X} jack fish brown
Interviewer:  Those are all fresh water fish aren't they?
461:  Right
Interviewer:  Know anything about the the salt water fish?
461:  Not much king mackerel snapper gro- mullet barracudas I don't know much about 'em I just know they in salt water.
Interviewer:  What are some of the other things that people get from the the salt water besides the
461:  oysters
Interviewer:  This is something that you hear making a noise around a pond at night?
461:  Frogs
Interviewer:  Okay what do you call those big ones?
461:  Bullfrogs
Interviewer:  And um what about the the little ones the tiny ones?
461:  Rain frogs
Interviewer:  The kind that hops around on land?
461:  That's a toad.
Interviewer:  If you picked up a rock maybe in a fresh water stream you might see it underneath that it's got claws to it and?
461:  A crayfish
Interviewer:  Okay
461:  we call 'em crawfish.
Interviewer:  What sort of things would you dig up to go fishing with?
461:  Worms
Interviewer:  What different kinds?
461:  Earth worms wigglers red worm.
Interviewer:  What about um the kind of fish you might use for bait?
461:  Shiners
Interviewer:  Those the the small? Well you mentioned the gopher um what else besides a gopher is?
461:  Turtles
Interviewer:  What about the the small one? That gets on land?
461:  Box shell turtle
Interviewer:  And the kind that gets in the water?
461:  Soft shell and a loggerhead alligator turtle I guess a snapping turtle.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  {NW} We we call 'em the loggerhead.
Interviewer:  Do you ever heard any other names for them? Did you ever heard cooter?
461:  Yeah that's right.
Interviewer:  What is a cooter exactly? Is that that water or?
461:  It's just a country name for a turtle.
Interviewer:  Any kind of turtle?
461:  Uh no I think it would be associated with that box shell or either well I I guess it would be any kind. {NW} Say a cooter got my bait or either you could be driving down the road and says I see a cooter end of the road. Could be a box shell or either well we used to call 'em little stink pots they really got an odor to 'em.
Interviewer:  Oh really?
461:  Yeah it can be fishy be fishing and catch a small turtle they they don't get very big .
Interviewer:  Just about as big as your hand or?
461:  No not that big.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  When you catch 'em somehow they just got an odor. I reckon that's called the reason they call 'em stink pots. I know that that's just the name you know that
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. never heard of that before.
461:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Um
461:  You know about stink pot {X} {NW} {X} How bout you math Jack you got math tonight?
Interviewer:  These are some kinds of insects the the kind of insect that flies around a light and tries to fly into the light flies around the light?
461:  Candle fly
Interviewer:  What's that?
461:  We call it a candle fly mosquito.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh a candle fly and mosquito are different.
461:  That's right
Interviewer:  Is there any other name for the candle?
461:  There might be I don't know.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh what about something that would um get into your wool clothes and eat holes in 'em?
461:  Moths {D: we used to pronounce it mofts} M-O-F-T-S.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  {D: Mofts} {D: mofts}
Interviewer:  What would you call just one of 'em? It would be a?
461:  Moth
Interviewer:  An insect that flies around and has a light in it's tail?
461:  Lightning bug
Interviewer:  Okay what about an insect that's got um shiny wings two pairs of shiny wings to it and it's got a body
461:  You talking about a mosquito hawk? We used to call 'em skeeter hawks.
Interviewer:  Okay
461:  We're gonna make a country girl out of ya see how we we gonna make a country girl out of you with all this talk. {NW}
Interviewer:  Skeeter hawk
461:  You pretty good ta- country talker anyways skeeter hawks and all that. {NW}
Interviewer:  And um what kinds of insects will sting you?
461:  We used to call 'em wasts.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  And bumble bees hornets
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  yellow jackets.
Interviewer:  Do yellow
461:  We used to call 'em yellow jackets. {C: pronunciation}
Interviewer:  What how do they build their nests?
461:  What are you talking about a hornet?
Interviewer:  No the yellow jacket.
461:  A hole in the ground or an old stump.
Interviewer:  What about something that builds a nest out of mud?
461:  Dirt dauber
Interviewer:  Do they sting?
461:  I guess
Interviewer:  You never been stung by one?
461:  I don't know about that Randy now I don't know really and uh I know what you talking about but I don't know a don't think I've ever been stung by a dirt dauber.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
Speaker 3:  They don't sting.
Interviewer:  What about
461:  {X}
Interviewer:  What about something that say if you went walking through the woods or black berry picking or something the little tiny red insects?
461:  Look at that now she knows what a red bug is.
Interviewer:  {NW}
461:  Is that right?
Interviewer:  That's what I was thinking of.
461:  Red bug
Interviewer:  Okay
461:  We called 'em chiggers no now the most common thing around here is a red bug but I have heard chigger somewhere like from Atlanta come down here and get 'em on them they call 'em a chigger.
Interviewer:  {NW} Okay that that's right that's what I would call it. {NW} Um and an insect that hops around in the grass?
461:  That's a grasshopper
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear those called hoppergrass?
461:  {NW} No no what is that?
Interviewer:  Well that's
461:  I mean where did what did they use now now I've heard a few words I'm interested in this I've heared you use a few words you know like you asked me awhile ago but now a hoppergrass is anybody in this country calls 'em hoppergrasses?
Interviewer:  The people I talked to today black people in south Georgia.
461:  A hoppergrass?
Interviewer:  Uh-huh {NW}
461:  We need to straighten 'em out we call 'em grasshoppers don't we boy?
Interviewer:  Well they said peckerwood and hoppergrass.
461:  Lord
Interviewer:  Um
461:  What's interesting Barbara I- I'm telling you I'm really
Interviewer:  Well I- I think that's
461:  Mm-hmm.
Interviewer:  especially black people I'm not
461:  yeah
Interviewer:  I'm not sure.
461:  That's like I was telling Maddy you remember when we was in uh North Carolina about Shirley and Wilson say youins
Speaker 4:  Yes
461:  Well I- I she knows it but we don't say that here.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm say if you hadn't a room hadn't been cleaned for awhile or up in the in the ceiling in the corner you might find a?
461:  Spiderweb
Interviewer:  What about something outside stretched across a bush.
461:  Oh yeah same thing.
Interviewer:  Okay and um the part of the tree that grows underneath the ground is called the?
461:  Root
Interviewer:  And have you ever heard of using roots or vines for medicine?
461:  Yes
Interviewer:  Do you remember what #1 what some of the roots were? #
461:  #2 yes # Sassafras
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Sassafras I don't know what it is I haven't been uh I don't know about that. Only thing I know about is sassafras.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. your parents never did any home remedies or?
461:  Yes a lot of 'em.
Interviewer:  Do you remember what some of the?
461:  Sassafras
Interviewer:  Sassafras what was that taken for?
461:  Sa- I believe it was I don't remember now but I think it was uh break the measles out on 'em.
Interviewer:  The kind of tree that you'd tap for syrup?
461:  Maple
Interviewer:  Okay do you know what what you'd call a a group of those growing together
461:  Orchard
Interviewer:  What sort of trees do you have around here? Just what are some of the common trees around here?
461:  Pine oak sweet gum black gum number of kind of oak trees. Live oak turkey oak water oak
Interviewer:  What's
461:  black jack
Interviewer:  What's the turkey oak?
461:  I don't know what it is it's some kind of oak. And I wouldn't know it when I see it but but I do know that it's one of the oak trees.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  I've just heard it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  And I wouldn't know I don't even know a white oak if I see it but I know a black jack.
Interviewer:  What's that look like?
461:  It's just a little scrub trees down here on the sand hills.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  They don't ever get very big.
Interviewer:  The kind of tree that is the shade tree it's got um white scaly bark that you can peel off. And it's got
461:  That is uh sycamore.
Interviewer:  The kind of tree that George Washington
461:  We used to call a well actually that Washington you'd call 'em sycamore
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  but it's the sycamore. Okay?
Interviewer:  And the kind that George Washington cut down?
461:  Cherry
Interviewer:  And um I don't know if you have this around here or not but it's a it's a bush or shrub it's got clusters of berries on it and the leaves turn bright red in the fall sumac or shoemake?
461:  Yes shoemake
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  shoemake
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard um the story that the do you know whether you can eat those berries or not?
461:  I've heard that you could I don't know I don't think I ever tried it I might have but I'm uh somewhere along the line I've heard that you can eat 'em I mean that rings a bell. Really to say that I've tried it I don't think I did. I don't encourage my children to eat 'em. {NW} But uh they was another story about that too that the juice would make ink.
Interviewer:  Oh really?
461:  Yeah to write with you know or somebody might've tried it with a with a stick or chicken feather or something.
Interviewer:  I heard that about poke berries when I was little. What kinds of bushes or vines will make your skin break out if you touch 'em?
461:  You talking about poison ivy and uh there's another one cow itch we called it.
Interviewer:  {NW} What's the difference now? What's is there a special special way how can you tell poison ivy when you?
461:  Well uh and I I wouldn't know what poison ivy was if I walked out in the woods. Never been had a problem with it. I've been raised in woods but I couldn't tell you the bush if I walked up on it today.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Well I couldn't tell you about a cow itch either.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Just you just heard?
461:  {NW} Well I've uh yes I've heard about it.
Interviewer:  And a kind of red berry that you can make shortcake out of?
461:  Strawberry
Interviewer:  And a kind um berries got a rough surface some of 'em are red and some of 'em are black?
461:  Blackberries
Interviewer:  I was thinking of another one it starts with an R.
461:  Raspberry
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. do you have that around here?
461:  No we don't have it around.
Interviewer:  Say if you were walking through the woods and there was some berries and you didn't know what kind they were you might tell someone you better not eat those they might be?
461:  Poison
Interviewer:  Do you have a bush around here you call mountain laurel or spoon wood or s-
461:  No no
Interviewer:  rhododendron
461:  {NS} No
Interviewer:  Okay what about a a large tree it's got um shiny leaves on it and big white flowers it's sorta the symbol of the south in a way.
461:  It's got big flowers?
Interviewer:  Uh big white flowers and shiny green leaves.
461:  Oh you're not talking about a crepe myrtle are you?
Interviewer:  I was thinking of um magnolia.
461:  Oh yeah yeah magnolia.
Interviewer:  Is that what you always called it?
461:  Yeah magnolia.
Interviewer:  You ever heard of cow cumber or cucumber tree?
461:  No
Interviewer:  Say if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something she'd say I have to ask?
461:  My husband but now listen some of it's used my ol' man my better half.
Interviewer:  What would he say? He'd say I have to ask?
461:  My wife my ol' lady.
Interviewer:  And a woman whose husband is dead is called a?
461:  Widow
Interviewer:  #1 What if he just left her? #
461:  #2 Now listen # a lot of the the probably most common here's a wider
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  W-I-D-E-R.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  But widow
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of um something else say if if they just separated what she'd be called?
461:  a widow.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear grass widow?
461:  Yes {NS}
Interviewer:  would it-
461:  not common but I've heard it.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and um the man who's child you are the man who's child you are is called your?
461:  My dad
Interviewer:  Okay
461:  Daddy
Interviewer:  any other?
461:  Pa and uh ol' man. I think daddy is most common here now these other names like the ol' man and pa now pa was commonly years ago but it's not now cause I can remember my daddy and people that would be pa and ma but it's daddy now and dad.
Interviewer:  What about uh
461:  Father is very seldom used.
Interviewer:  His wife would be your?
461:  Mama
Interviewer:  Any other name?
461:  Ma momma {NW} mother very seldom used.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Mother is very seldom used?
461:  Yes momma is common. {NW}
Interviewer:  And together your father and mother are called your?
461:  Parents
Interviewer:  Your father's father is called your?
461:  Granddaddy
Interviewer:  Any other name for him?
461:  Grandfather but very you don't see you don't hear that.
Interviewer:  You don't hear 'em called that or I mean?
461:  You don't hear 'em called that. You hear 'em called my granddaddy
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Grandpa oh I don't know probably fifty fifty with that granddaddy and grandpa I I would think there would be granddaddy is used more. It is just like that pa was back years ago But there's a lot of that still left too in grandpa.
Interviewer:  Would be your?
461:  Grandmother Gran ma you don't
Speaker 3:  Momma
461:  Grandmama well {NW} grandmother.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  I guess that uh now grandmother is uh
Interviewer:  And um something on wheels that you put a baby in and it'll lie down you call that a?
461:  Stroller
Interviewer:  Or something that it can lie down in? Yeah well it's like a stroller but it's it's
461:  Bassinet?
Interviewer:  Well it's got wheels though. And it it can lie down.
461:  Carriage
Interviewer:  Okay and you'd say you put the baby in the carriage and then you'd go out and what the baby?
461:  Push
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if had two children you might say you had a son and a?
461:  Daughter
Interviewer:  Or a boy and a?
461:  Girl
Interviewer:  And um if a woman were gonna have a child you'd say that she's?
461:  Pregnant
Interviewer:  Okay did they use that word when you were growing up or do people
461:  #1 No no #
Interviewer:  #2 say that as much #
461:  {X} you know they used the word big. {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  They did if they said well did you know that Suzie is big?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  That means to say that she is pregnant.
Interviewer:  Does that sound kind of vulgar to you now?
461:  Oh yeah I mean it's my gracious I don't know how it sounds.
Interviewer:  It it just sort of it would shock you if someone said that now.
461:  Yeah but they did then and {B} {NS} Used to say big
Speaker 4:  Yeah or there was a baby.
461:  Yeah see
Interviewer:  Uh-huh {NS} any other expressions? Joking expressions or
461:  They were serious about that big.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  I mean it wasn't joking in other words they say she's big well you knew that she's I knew that she was gonna have a baby. I mean young. I didn't hear pregnant much. I think that they were I don't know whether my parents were trying to say big rather than to say pregnant they thought probably pregnant was vulgar oh you see. I don't know.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear the word um big used as a verb?
461:  What's that?
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear the word big used as a verb?
461:  Beg?
Interviewer:  Big
461:  Big?
Interviewer:  Meaning im- impregnate I guess.
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  You heard it as a as a verb too? It's not that important I just heard someone mention it.
461:  When I let me ask me how you would use that now?
Interviewer:  Someone told me that that they used to hear people say uh like meaning um that that man was the father you say that man has bigged her. Did you ever hear that?
461:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  #1 You heard it used used that way #
461:  #2 yeah yeah # yes sir
Interviewer:  Does that sounds vulgar to you too?
461:  Yeah it was used that way.
Interviewer:  Say if you didn't have a doctor to deliver the baby the woman that you might send for would be a?
461:  Granny
Interviewer:  Okay and other name for her?
461:  Yes uh granny woman and what is that uh uh I forget these things uh you can see that I don't see 'em. I don't hear 'em much often but they some words that's used. If you'd just remind me I'd tell you whether
Interviewer:  Did you hear midwife?
461:  Yeah right.
Interviewer:  That was it?
461:  But now years ago {X} when I say these things it's changed.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Okay now when I was born forty two we'll say forty years ag- well no I had to be let's say thirty years ago I would have been twelve years old. Thirty years ago granny woman was common. Now then you still hear midwife but you don't never say go get the granny woman midwives are used now unless somebody joking and they'll say we gonna have to get the granny woman. But now they still use midwives
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But that's changed but thirty years ago granny woman was was common.
Interviewer:  Say if a boy has the same color hair and eyes that his father has and the same shaped nose you'd say that he?
461:  Well uh he uh {NW} look like or favors or takes after. Well I say he looks like.
Interviewer:  What if he has the same behavior?
461:  Acts like
Interviewer:  Are there any expressions that are used sort of disapprovingly like {NW} if his father hadn't been you know say the son is acquiring his father's bad habits?
461:  Yes
Interviewer:  What?
461:  Uh well I say that he would drink just like his daddy just a sod a drunk. Or either if he didn't seem to work you know some people don't
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  and it's just handed down looks like.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Says he's just like his daddy no good.
Interviewer:  Would you say he favors his daddy then
461:  No
Interviewer:  or takes after?
461:  Takes after takes after
Interviewer:  Uh-huh say if the child was misbehaving you might tell him if you do that again you're gonna get a?\
461:  Whipping
Interviewer:  Okay what else besides whipping might you tell 'em?
461:  Spanking
Interviewer:  Is which is more severe?
461:  I say uh whipping. Uh would be whipping is more severe.
Interviewer:  Anything worse than a whipping?
461:  I don't I reckon
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  but uh I don't know uh I think you gonna get a beating I don't think that would be any different than a whipping.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. say if um if Bob is five inches taller this year you'd say Bob what a lot in one year?
461:  He growed a lot but he grew.
Interviewer:  A woman that's not married is called a?
461:  Um {D: okay a woodscoat.}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  Now that was very common and it still is.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  But uh that's it.
Interviewer:  Any other expressions?
461:  I've heard it but I think it was a curse profanity.
Interviewer:  What's that?
461:  Bastard
Interviewer:  That that has wider meaning.
461:  Yeah so is there other names that's been used for that I I not {D: I might remember but I know wood- woodscoat was common.}
Interviewer:  {D: Yeah woodscoat was.} Um and you say your brother's son would be called your?
461:  My brother's son?
Interviewer:  Well his
461:  Nephew
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  Nephew
Interviewer:  Okay and a child that's lost both parents is called a?
461:  Orphan
Interviewer:  And um the person appointed to look after the orphan is his?
461:  Guardian
Interviewer:  Say if you have a lot of cousins and nephews and nieces around you'd say this town is full of my?
461:  Kinfolk
Interviewer:  Okay any other word?
461:  I don't think so
Interviewer:  Okay {Audio gets warped from here on out} and you say um well she has the same family name and she looks a little bit like me but actually we're no?
461:  Kin
Interviewer:  And um someone who comes into town but nobody's ever seen him before you'd say you'd be a?
461:  {X}
Interviewer:  What if he came from a different country? {X}
461:  No he'd be a foreigner but now they'd call him a foreigner.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
461:  I said I've never been I've never had a chance to talk to a college student.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  How old are you?
Interviewer:  Nineteen
461:  Nineteen? Okay
Interviewer:  Um nickname for a boy named William would be?
461:  Bill
Interviewer:  Or add a yY to it it'd be?
461:  Billy
Interviewer:  And um the first book in the New Testament?
461:  Uh Genesis
Interviewer:  Or New Testament?
461:  Oh in the New Testament Matthew.
Interviewer:  And um a woman who conducts school is called a?
461:  A woman that conducts school?
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  Say teacher
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear any ol' fashion name for a woman teacher? Uh school marm or school miss or?
461:  No
Interviewer:  And um this is a a name of um well family name but it's the name of a barrel maker.
461:  A barrel maker?
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  Just like a carter somebody that used to push a cart I guess.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  And makes barrels?
Interviewer:  But did you ever hear the name cooper or cooper? {C: pronunciation}
461:  Yeah well now I've heard hooper that's what I was fixing to say because a hoops is on a barrel I would say hooper. Now there's a cooper they we have people by the name of I've heard both names but the hooper is not common now. I heard it some where else.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  But cooper
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  is uh it's a it's a local name here.
Interviewer:  uh-huh what would you call a married woman with that name? She'd be?
461:  Mrs. Cooper
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  And Mrs Hooper
Interviewer:  uh-huh is was that what you'd normally say or would you how would you say that?
461:  I'd say it if she was married I'd say Mrs Hooper or Mrs Cooper.
Interviewer:  uh-huh and um a preacher that's not very well trained doesn't make his living preaching does something else for a living just sort of preaches on Sunday here and there um is not really very good at preaching what might you say about him?
461:  You're not talking about a well we we call them kind that uh don't preach every sunday part time.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm well that's that's
461:  And then a layman is not a pr- well he's not a preacher a layman.
Interviewer:  Well that's that doesn't really imply that that they are not good a preaching though is there any word or expression you'd use to to mean that they're they're part time but they are also not very good?
461:  No I don't know about that.
Interviewer:  What about um jackleg
461:  #1 Oh well now listen #
Interviewer:  #2 or shake tree? #
461:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
461:  Uh I thought that maybe what you was asking about I've never heard it associated with a preacher but now okay I need somebody to come do some plumbing.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  Okay he comes and he he just does uh uh shaggy job
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I say he was a jackleg he doesn't know what he was doing. Uh but you call tell the person that would come that would be a professional.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  A jackleg is he can do this or do that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  And he can't do anything good.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Okay? But now I've never heard it with a preacher
Interviewer:  Well what
461:  never.
Interviewer:  What else have you heard it with besides a plumber?
461:  Most any any other like a carpenter
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  plumber mechanic
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What about say a doctor?
461:  No
Interviewer:  Lawyer?
461:  No {NW}
Interviewer:  And um what relation-
461:  Well I tell you what I'm getting back to that preacher just call him sorry.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Is all I know. Like a lawyer he's sorry.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  But now a jackleg you talking about a trade uh like a mechanic or a carpenter. Now that's how it has been associated in
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  with me. {NW}
Interviewer:  And um what relation would my mother's sister be to me?
461:  Your mother's sister your aunt.
Interviewer:  Okay did you ever hear that word pronounced any different?
461:  Aunt A-N-T
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Aunt
Interviewer:  Who would say aunt?
461:  I don't know some stranger {X}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh no one around here would?
461:  Ant no aunt would be somebody that was from up north.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
461:  Yankee {NW}
Interviewer:  And um name of the the wife of Abraham?
461:  Oh my now
Interviewer:  It starts with a S.
461:  Abraham?
Interviewer:  uh-huh
speaker#3:  Sarah
speaker#4:  Abraham Lincoln
461:  No I say Sarah
Interviewer:  Mm-kay
461:  I guessed.
Interviewer:  Boy named Bill his full name would be?
461:  William
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and if your father had a brother and you called him by his full name he'd be your?
461:  Uncle
Interviewer:  Uncle what?
461:  John
Interviewer:  Or or his you call him by his his full name he'd be
461:  Oh uncle uncle John {Beep}
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um the highest rank in the army is?
461:  General
Interviewer:  And beneath that is?
461:  Colonel
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and what do they call a person in charge of a ship?
461:  Captain
Interviewer:  Mm-kay have you ever heard that word captain used in other situations?
461:  Oh yeah
Interviewer:  Hmm?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  How how?
461:  Baseball team
Interviewer:  uh-huh what about say um colored people to white people?
461:  They used to uh yeah they would uh they would captain white people.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm just anybody or? Any
461:  Well I would say pretty most uh superiors.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm people that work for us.
461:  Right
Interviewer:  And um {NW} a person who presides over a court is called a?
461:  Judge
Interviewer:  And a person who goes to school is a?
461:  A student
Interviewer:  Okay would you use that word student if you were talking about say a second grader?
461:  Yes
Interviewer:  Mm-kay you wouldn't say anything like pupil or scholar or?
461:  It's been a I that name has been used but I wouldn't.
Interviewer:  uh-huh and a woman who works in an office and does the typing and so forth she'd be a?
461:  Secretary
Interviewer:  A man on the stage would be an actor a woman would be a?
461:  Actress
Interviewer:  And if your nationality is?
461:  Mine?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  American
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  American
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um say if it was kind of um icy outside you'd say I didn't actually fall down but a couple of times I slipped and I like?
461:  To have fell.
Interviewer:  Say the whole thing.
461:  Down?
Interviewer:  Yeah well I slipped and I?
461:  Like to have fell down.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay um is that what you normally would say?
461:  Well no well no I like I would like to have fell cause you know you gonna go one way.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  And that's down.
Interviewer:  Say if you wanted to to know how many times I did something you might ask say how how frequently I went into town you might ask me how?
461:  How many times did you go into town?
Interviewer:  Or how what do you go many? You want to know how frequently you might ask me how?
461:  Many times do you go into town?
Interviewer:  Or how of-?
461:  How often do you go into town?
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um talking about parts of the body um this part of my head is called my?
461:  Forward
Interviewer:  Mm-kay
461:  Let's see now listen that used to be fard probably F-A-R-D
Interviewer:  uh-huh but what would you call it now?
461:  Forehead
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and this is my?
461:  Hair
Interviewer:  And on a man hair here would be a?
461:  Beard
Interviewer:  And um #1 this is my? #
461:  #2 Whiskers #
Interviewer:  Mm-kay
461:  Right on the end here would be whiskers.
Interviewer:  uh-huh and this is the?
461:  Ear
Interviewer:  Which one?
461:  Left ear
Interviewer:  Say the whole thing.
461:  That's your left ear.
Interviewer:  And this is my?
461:  Your right ear. {NW}
Interviewer:  And this is the?
461:  Mouth
Interviewer:  And this?
461:  Neck
Interviewer:  And this part?
461:  Throat
Interviewer:  What about goozle?
461:  Yes
Interviewer:  What's that? Do you ever use that word goozle?
461:  No how in the has been used? I know it is is a I don't I don't say now this is your goozle it's your throat. My throat so I don't say my goozle sore.
Interviewer:  But it means the same thing as throat? The
461:  #1 I would think so. #
Interviewer:  #2 inside or outside. #
461:  Inside goozle
Interviewer:  uh-huh and these are your?
461:  Teeth
Interviewer:  And this is one?
461:  Tooth
Interviewer:  And the flesh around your teeth?
461:  Gum
Interviewer:  And um you say this is my?
461:  Hand
Interviewer:  And I have two?
461:  Hands
Interviewer:  And this part of my hand?
461:  Palm
Interviewer:  And this is?
461:  Used to be pam
Interviewer:  Pan?
461:  Pam
Interviewer:  Pam
461:  used to.
Interviewer:  uh-huh this is my?
461:  Fist
Interviewer:  And two?
461:  fist used to be fists F-I-S-T-S
Interviewer:  uh-huh you ever hear fistis?
461:  Yes
Interviewer:  Did you ever say that yourself?
461:  Yes I've said it a lot of times.
Interviewer:  And uh a place where the bones come together is called a?
461:  Joint
Interviewer:  And on a man the upper part of his body is his?
461:  Chest
Interviewer:  And these are the?
461:  Shoulders and that little thing here is your adam's apple
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm that's not the same as the goozle.
461:  Well I don't know I don't think so this is adam's apple and there's a certain portion along here somewhere where it would be called a goozle.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  But this is adam's apple.
speaker#4:  Where?
461:  Right here this little thing.
speaker#4:  Where?
Interviewer:  {NW}
speaker#4:  #1 Right there? #
461:  #2 No right here #
speaker#4:  #1 #
461:  #2 #
speaker#4:  {X}
Interviewer:  Swallow you can feel it moving up and down.
461:  Swallow Feel it move?
Interviewer:  And you say um this is my?
461:  Leg
Interviewer:  And this bone here is the?
461:  Shin
Interviewer:  And this is my?
461:  Foot
Interviewer:  And I have two?
461:  Feet
Interviewer:  And if I get down in this position you say I?
461:  You kneel oh a squat.
Interviewer:  uh-huh any other expression for that?
461:  No I don't think so.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear hunker?
461:  Yeah yes
Interviewer:  How would you say that?
461:  Hunker on his knees.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  Some fella can hunker on his knees for a whole day.
Interviewer:  Does hunker mean the same as squat?
461:  Yes yes
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear a name for this back part of your thigh? Did you ever hear that called hunkers or haunches or something like that?
461:  Haunches
Interviewer:  Or did you
461:  No yeah yeah uh yeah I've heard it called haunches.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm did you ever hear down on his haunches?
461:  You're right right. That's the same thing as hunker and to squat.
Interviewer:  uh-huh and say if um how how would you say that if someone is how how would you use that?
461:  Uh well now if I I don't say I've heard of hunker
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  and on his haunches. And associated with animals like uh haunches is the back portion of his leg above his knee. Uh a fella well I I think about a fella that uh works on my mechanic or small engine he can hunker
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  or squat.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I'd say squat but hunker's very seldom used now.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and um say if someone had been sick for awhile you might say well he's up and about now but he still looks a bit?
461:  Pinky
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  Pale
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um someone who's in good shape um can who's healthy you'd say that he's big and?
461:  Healthy
Interviewer:  Or he can lift heavy weights and so forth you'd say he's?
461:  Strong
Interviewer:  Mm-kay um any other words?
461:  Husky I don't think that I mean it wouldn't be strong
Interviewer:  What would husky be?
461:  Stout
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  Well I don't said that strong stout
Interviewer:  What does stout mean? Does that how do how do you think of all those words husky or strong or stout?
461:  Husky means big I don't mean I mean uh uh husky fella here's a husky boy.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm {NW}
461:  And strong and stout somebody that uh could lift a heavy load.
Interviewer:  Does stout mean sort of a {NW} Mm-kay do you any other words you'd use?
461:  Plain crazy {NW}
Interviewer:  Hmm?
461:  He's just plain crazy.
Interviewer:  uh-huh did you ever say he's a fool? Would you use that word fool?
461:  Uh well it is how you said that he kept on doing things.
Interviewer:  Or ha- have you do you use the word fool at all?
461:  Yes somebody that drives fast okay now here's a good example
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  driving an automobile reckless or fast you know what I'm talking about?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Well he's a fool he should know better.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  He's a fool.
Interviewer:  And um someone who has a lot of money but uh won't spend any money at all you'd say that he's a?
461:  Stingy
Interviewer:  Or say that he is a?
461:  Tight wad
Interviewer:  Okay and when you use the word common about a person what does that mean?
461:  Common?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I'd say that he was average
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  person in the surrounding area.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm It is not an insulting then to to be called common or?
461:  Well I guess maybe I I would say that it is just a slight.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Because anybody I think it's the nature of a person to want to be just a little higher than the next one.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I don't know I don't know why now they say if if I'm a common person in Wausau
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  well I go along with it but I feel you know what I'm talking about?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I think there's a slight insult.
Interviewer:  Yeah what if you said that a girl is very common? Does that take on another meaning?
461:  Yes low
Interviewer:  Does it have more of a sexual meaning or? Does {NW}
461:  Uh #1 well it could be associated that way. #
Interviewer:  #2 or do do you think of it that way? #
461:  No well in a in a way definitely sex comes in.
Interviewer:  uh-huh you think of it more as a moral #1 meaning immoral or #
461:  #2 Right right #
Interviewer:  #1 #
461:  #2 #
Interviewer:  And um say if you were talking about person who maybe up in his eighties but still gets around real well for his age still real active you say well I don't care how old he is he's he's mighty what for his age?
461:  I'd say active.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay any other words you've heard?
461:  Mm well able to get around
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  for his age. That is very commonly used.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  More than active in this community yeah what I'm talking about.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Cause they's a lotta old people
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  like you said that are able to get around
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  but
Interviewer:  What about a word like spry or feisty or peppy?
461:  Well uh that last word is not never used what you say?
Interviewer:  Peppy
461:  Peppy?
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  Oh maybe use sometimes but.
Interviewer:  None of those sound real familiar?
461:  No no he gets around real real well to be as old as he is.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Or is he's real active.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  To be eighty years old just like the lady you's talking about.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  She's real active.
Interviewer:  And say if your children were out later than usual you'd say well I don't guess
461:  Well let me talk let me tell you something I know that you in here uh trying get us some information but uh I feel like that the biggest percentage of the people in the Wausau area
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  now I know what kind of people that I'm talking about.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  If you went and sit down with them tonight and ask them this question they say well he he he's mighty spry.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  They wouldn't say peppy I don't think.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But I think they would use the word spry quite a bit. Uh like I like I say uh I just I would say that he was real active for that age. #1 But no you not #
Interviewer:  #2 Does spry #
461:  you not getting 'em in me like I say I don't think ya hunting that any way but you not getting a a real a true meaning of the this particular word and they's other things that I've heard that you ask that the biggest portion of the people in Wausau would say one thing whether I might say another I might trying to say I do know I do know those people.
Interviewer:  You'd say you'd say something different cause you're younger? Or
461:  #1 Well what level of educated #
Interviewer:  #2 you're better educated or? #
461:  education that I have.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  Then another thing is most people's got T-V
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  and you hear this and uh a lot of people don't go to church. You asked me some questions in here about the Bible
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  but I I know because I go to church
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  but they some that don't go and they wouldn't know that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Uh then they's other questions you ask that's just like the other day when you ask me about wet rock or wet rock. I could take you right now to I would I would bet my last dollar if you asked a fella what it was he'd tell you wet rock.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  right tonight.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Okay
Interviewer:  That's interesting cause I mean that that you can comment on you know what
461:  Mm-hmm
Interviewer:  #1 what older people would tell you. #
461:  #2 Well I feel like that's what you #
Interviewer:  Yeah yeah that that's just the type of thing
461:  And then there's words like I said that we used to say
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Uh well I used to say whit rock
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  but uh and that was thirty years ago when I was old enough to realize I used it for awhile until I got up to know and learn what it wasn't wet it was the wet.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Well now and then I started using it and I don't use it that particular word.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Where as these people still back behind me use it. I mean you know
Interviewer:  Yeah
461:  less educated.
Interviewer:  Say um say if your children were out later than usual you'd say well I don't guess there is anything wrong but still I can't help but feeling a little?
461:  Worried or upset.
Interviewer:  Or a little?
461:  They're out late at night?
Interviewer:  uh-huh you say you wouldn't feel easy about it you'd say you feel?
461:  Uneasy
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  Uneasy
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now listen uh I don't think that we would say that well I'm a little unea- we wouldn't say that we uneasy.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Now our boys been out
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I'd I'd say that we worried about 'em
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  well it would actually be uneasy
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  we don't I just don't use that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm you might say well it's going to be alright just don't?
461:  Worry
Interviewer:  And um that y'all might say I'm not going upstairs in the dark I'm?
461:  Scared
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um you might say well I don't understand why she's scared now she what's the opposite of used to be? You'd say I don't see why she's scared now she?
461:  Used to be.
Interviewer:  Or meaning that before she hadn't been.
461:  I know what you mean
Interviewer:  Using the how do you what's the opposite of used to be the expression used to be?
461:  Now
Interviewer:  uh-huh but I'm wondering if you'd say something like usen't to be or didn't use to be or?
461:  Well uh
Interviewer:  #1 use not #
461:  #2 okay #
Interviewer:  to be or how?
461:  Well wait a minute okay now uh somebody could say I'm scared to go out to that barn.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  Say it's my boy here now he's a say one of sixteen-year-old I say son go out and feed the horse
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  he says I'm scared to go out there. Well I said uh why are you scared now you used to didn't be.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  So I I guess that uh that's what you want I don't know what it would be.
Interviewer:  That that's what I was wondering about. Say um someone who leaves a lot of money on the table and then goes out and doesn't even bother to lock the door you say he's mighty?
461:  Careless
Interviewer:  And um you say well there is nothing really wrong with aunt Lizzie but sometimes she acts kind of?
461:  Uh uh out of her head out of her mind losing her mind.
Interviewer:  Did you ever use the word like queer or queer? {C: pronunciation}
461:  Well that word has been used but I I I never have used it much. I've heard it and might of used it but it really didn't mean it.
Interviewer:  #1 How did you? #
461:  #2 Acting queer # different.
Interviewer:  How did how did how was it used how did what did it mean?
461:  Well I've I've used I've heard the a the word queer used uh the way you talking about it.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  And uh I've also use- I heard it used in the sense of sex.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm Did you ever hear it used as a um as a noun you know say so and so was a queer?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Before it it had a sexual meaning. Meaning someone calling saying
461:  #1 Yeah it was a #
Interviewer:  #2 he's a queer meaning #
461:  they did it for just to a a well it was identification of that person. Somebody said it uh um well what I'm talking about as a queer.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  Uh downgrade
Interviewer:  mm-hmm {NW}
461:  #1 But #
Interviewer:  #2 It would #
461:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
461:  I don't know now listen I tell you something else now It's according I used to I would be uh well I used to drink
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  and this particular environment
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  you would hear these words {NW} used.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  But now I mean uh the uh association with the people that I I mean the the people that I associate with now they have no reason to use that word.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  And it's been years since I've heard it used.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  But there you go again you take people around the bar room or somewhere like that that would use this word queer I'm talking about
Interviewer:  mm-hmm meaning this having sexual meaning?
461:  That's right
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  But uh they never did do it with the true meaning they would just say well he was a he was a queer this is where it's associated with sex.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  And then aunt Lucy's queer now see I didn't mean to say that she was queer.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  I mean in this sex meaning but she was she acted queer like it she is crazy or a wasn't just right.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  Had no sex implication at all.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm and um say someone who is real sure of his doing things his way you know won't listen to anyone else won't there's no use of arguing with 'em cause
461:  Bull headed
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  Bull-headed
Interviewer:  Okay any other words like that?
461:  Stubborn
Interviewer:  Okay and somebody that you can't joke with without him losing his temper?
461:  Um
speaker#3:  Headstrong
461:  I guess so I don't know.
Interviewer:  Or say if there's um there's one subject that um you know that you you can't tease someone about you know like you say um
461:  Okay well now she can dish it out but she can't take it
Interviewer:  Or you say you you better not um
461:  Joke with her
Interviewer:  Your or bring that subject up with her she's awfully when it comes to that she's still awfully?
461:  Sensitive
Interviewer:  Yeah that that's the meaning.
461:  Touchy
Interviewer:  mm-kay um
461:  That's a touchy subject with her.
Interviewer:  Yeah that's that's what I was getting at. Um and you might say well I was just kidding him I didn't know he'd get so?
461:  Take it so seriously.
Interviewer:  Or he'd get so
461:  Aggravated.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm or all the sudden he just got real?
461:  Uh mad
Interviewer:  mm-kay
461:  now they wouldn't say angry I mean he'd get mad
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  Okay
Interviewer:  Would you what is the difference to you between angry and mad?
461:  Angry is just a more uh sophisticated name for mad.
Interviewer:  And say if someone was about to lose there temper you might tell 'em to just keep?
461:  Cool
Interviewer:  Or keep?
461:  Keep your cool.
Interviewer:  Or another thing you might say?
461:  Calm
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  Calm
Interviewer:  Okay and say if you had been working very hard you'd say that you were very?
461:  Tired
Interviewer:  Any other expression?
461:  Pooped
Interviewer:  mm-kay or you might say if you were really tired you'd say I'm just completely?
461:  Exhausted
Interviewer:  Or using the expression wear out you say I'm just completely
461:  Wore out you'd say completely wore out.
Interviewer:  mm-kay and say if um
461:  That's commonly used
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  very common now.
Interviewer:  Say if someone came home early from from school you might say well the the school nurse sent him home because he what sick he?
461:  Was sick The nurse?
Interviewer:  Yeah or you might say he he was sick well you say um say if someone was in the hospital you might ask well well he was looking fine yesterday when was it that he?
461:  Took sick
Interviewer:  mm-kay and um say if a person had been out in the rain and came in and was sneezing and his eyes were running and nose was running you'd say that he?
461:  Taking a bad cold.
Interviewer:  That he what?
461:  Taking a bad cold.
Interviewer:  Or if it had already happened you'd say he what?
461:  Caught
Interviewer:  Hmm?
461:  Caught a bad cold.
Interviewer:  mm-kay and if it affected his voice you'd say he sounds kind of
461:  It affects his voice?
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah #
461:  #2 Horse #
Interviewer:  #1 #
461:  #2 #
Interviewer:  mm-kay and if you go {NW} like that you say you have a?
461:  Cough
Interviewer:  And um say if had gotten someone some medicine and then you went in you might ask um why haven't you?
461:  Taken your medicine.
Interviewer:  And you might say I already?
461:  Took it
Interviewer:  And in another house I'll?
461:  Take some more.
Interviewer:  And if you can't hear anything at all you say you're?
461:  Deaf
Interviewer:  And um say if a man had been out working and he takes off his shirt and it's all wet he'd say look how much I?
461:  I say sweated.
Interviewer:  mm-kay a little sore that comes to a head is called a?
461:  Pimple
Interviewer:  Or another name?
461:  Blister boil
Interviewer:  mm-kay and um when a boil opens the stuff that drains out is called?
461:  Puss
Interviewer:  Okay and she'd say um a bee stung me in my hand
461:  A bee stung in on my hand.
Interviewer:  and my hand if you say it got bigger you'd say my hand?
461:  Swelled
Interviewer:  And you say it's still pretty badly?
461:  Swollen
Interviewer:  And you say if a bee stings you your hand will?
461:  Swell {NW}
Interviewer:  And when you open a blister the liquid that comes out is called?
461:  I call it water.
Interviewer:  mm-kay and say if someone got shot or stabbed you'd say you have to get a doctor to look at the?
461:  Wound
Interviewer:  mm-kay and you know sometimes a wound doesn't heal back right and it's got to be cut out or burned out do you know what I mean?
461:  Cut out
Interviewer:  Or did you did you ever hear a name for that some kind of flesh?
461:  Proud flesh
Interviewer:  mm-kay and
461:  Do you got to get up okay.
Interviewer:  Say if um if you had a little cut on your finger brown liquid medicine that you could put on?
461:  Iodine
Interviewer:  mm-kay and you know
461:  We used to call that rodine
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  Used to call it rodine
Interviewer:  mm-kay what about a a real bitter white powder that you used to give?
461:  Quinine
Interviewer:  Okay anything you used to call that?
461:  No
Interviewer:  Do you quinine quinine you?
461:  No quinine.
Interviewer:  Do you know any crude ways of saying that a person died?
461:  Crude ways to say that he died?
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  Uh no I don't I don't think so I I know words that used he passed away expired
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  Died passed on
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  I don't know of a crude way. Does anybody use such things?
Interviewer:  I was saying something like kicked the
461:  Oh kicked the bucket?
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  Well I I mean I don't I guess it is a word uh crude way to say it but.
Interviewer:  That's not really serious or
461:  No they wouldn't uh well it well what it is it says when I kick the bucket I want you to get me some flowers.
Interviewer:  Yeah
461:  But you don't hardly ever hear
Interviewer:  You don't say it when it actually happens.
461:  No uh you say my neighbor kicked the bucket you know call his name but say you say well Barbara when I when I kicked the bucket send me a dozen roses. Well you know jokingly like that.
Interviewer:  Yeah
461:  But I never heard it used seriously.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm Say if um you might say well he's been dead a week and nobody's figured out yet what he's died?
461:  From
Interviewer:  Okay
461:  or with.
Interviewer:  And what would you probably say?
461:  I'd say from.
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  I would say from.
Interviewer:  uh-huh and a place where people are buried is called a?
461:  Cemetery
Interviewer:  What about an older?
461:  Yes sir graveyard.
Interviewer:  mm-kay
461:  Now I'm gonna tell you what I'd say well when I was a young boy very seldom you'd hear the word cemetery used it would be graveyard.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  They gonna have a graveyard working or cemetery working see this is where the people in the community goes and cleans up the cemetery
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  cuts the grass and everything.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  Just a few weeks ago I went to a cemetery working
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  years ago it would have been a graveyard working.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  Okay?
Interviewer:  What about what they put the body in?
461:  Used to be coffin
Interviewer:  What do you call it now?
461:  Casket
Interviewer:  mm-kay
461:  Now let me tell you that word coffin was very common.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  I know thirty years ago
Interviewer:  Casket is just a very recent word?
461:  That's right.
Interviewer:  What about the ceremony?
461:  Funeral
Interviewer:  mm-kay And if people are dressed in black?
461:  Wait a minute now Barbara wait a minute I'm a tell you thirty years ago we would go uh okay did you go to the uh so and so Ms. Jones died
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  did you go to the burying?
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  Down at Barfield cem- uh graveyard?
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  Burying B-E-A-R-I-N-G I guess it was a burying.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  But now then it's a funeral.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm {X}
461:  Now this is something that you may not uh I mean have in the record but that was a common thing in this area was a burying.
Interviewer:  Okay and what about when people are dressed in black? What do you say about them at at a funeral?
461:  Sorrow
Interviewer:  You say that they're in?
461:  Sympathy
Interviewer:  Or they're maybe the family you say that they're dressed in black you say that they're in?
461:  Mourning
Interviewer:  mm-kay did would you have an expression for say if someone you could say that they're in mourning or what if they just completely lose control of themselves?
461:  Hysterical emotional
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  Uh wait a minute let's see what do they uh
Interviewer:  Taking on or
461:  #1 Oh yeah taking on #
Interviewer:  #2 carrying on #
461:  taking on taking on. Oh they really had to they was really taking on.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  Okay that's it taking on.
Interviewer:  What does that mean exactly taking on?
461:  Emotional hysterical crying hollow.
Interviewer:  You think of it as being sincere though don't you?
461:  No
Interviewer:  You don't?
461:  I not now I don't. Used to I did.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  There's a lot there's a lot of put on.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  {X} I can't help but believe it but uh it's an act.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Really a lot of it. There's some seriousness to it
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  but the biggest uh portion of that now is a put on.
Interviewer:  And um
461:  And it was then but I didn't know it.
Interviewer:  Oh so so people haven't changed you just gotten more?
461:  That's right. That's right.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  People hadn't changed.
Interviewer:  Um on an average sort of day if someone asks you how your feeling you'd say?
461:  Now?
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  Yeah I'd say fine. Yeah uh feeling good.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  I guess uh well now people that we could go down now we could take a survey in Wausau biggest portion walk in the door and say how you feeling tonight. They don't they'd either say good or I feel bad.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  They wouldn't say fine.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  Very some may.
Interviewer:  uh-huh um you know this this is a well when you're getting old and your joints start giving you trouble you say you got?
461:  Old age
Interviewer:  #1 Or? #
461:  #2 Arthritis #
Interviewer:  mm-kay anything people used to say or did they say arthritis?
461:  Rheumatism
Interviewer:  mm-kay what about a a disease that children used to die from they they'd choke up in the night they'd get blisters on the inside of their throat?
461:  Croup
Interviewer:  Or worse than that. Well like you wouldn't remember any children dying from it but did you ever hear dip-
461:  Diphtheria
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  Yeah I heard of it but I never you know personally uh known of a case.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  But I've heard of diphtheria I I've took shots once.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm What about a disease that makes your skin and eyeballs turn yellow?
461:  Yellow? Jaundice. Used to call it yellow jaundice. {NW} Oh
Interviewer:  And when you have a a pain down here and you have to have an operation you say you've got?
461:  Appendi- citis
Interviewer:  mm-kay any?
461:  Wait a minute used to call it a {NW} died with a appendicitis.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  Appendi- appendicitis
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  That's right.
Interviewer:  And um say if someone ate something that didn't agree with them and it came back up you'd say he had to?
461:  Vomit used to say puke.
Interviewer:  Was is puke cruder sounding to you?
461:  Yeah nasty vomit uh to me is uh uh more of uh sophisticated word for I mean more than
Interviewer:  #1 More neutral #
461:  #2 puke. #
Interviewer:  sounding or?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Any other word besides vomit or?
461:  Puke Heave
Interviewer:  Is heave sort of crude sounding or #1 or does it sound alright to you? #
461:  #2 No it sounds better than puke puke is # nasty.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  I never did like to use that and then when I was using it I knew there was something wrong about it.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  I felt like there was. I was ashamed to use it in certain places.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm and if someone vomited you'd say he was sick where?
461:  On his stomach
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  Oh his stomach
Interviewer:  Okay and um say if a boy was spending a lot of time with a girl kept on going over to her house and so forth you'd say that he was?
461:  Going steady
Interviewer:  mm-kay isn't that sort of a modern word?
461:  Going regular
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  It's modern going steady
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  um used to they used to say that they're going regular.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  But now then they go steady.
Interviewer:  uh-huh and he would be called her?
461:  Steady uh boyfriend
Interviewer:  mm-kay and she would be his?
461:  Girlfriend
Interviewer:  And if a boy came home with lipstick on his collar his little brother would say that he had been?
461:  Uh smooching
Interviewer:  Any other words?
461:  Uh kissing or something like that.
Interviewer:  And um when the girl stops let the boy come over to see her you'd say she?
461:  Broke off
Interviewer:  mm-kay um and you say well he asked her to marry him but she
461:  Refused
Interviewer:  mm-kay and you say
461:  Said no
Interviewer:  mm-kay
461:  you know refused.
Interviewer:  Or you say they were engaged and all the sudden she?
461:  Broke up
Interviewer:  mm-kay any other words like turned him down or guilted him or gave him the gate or?
461:  Oh yeah um dear john.
Interviewer:  Hmm?
461:  Uh when you when they broke up
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  She uh {NW} turned him out and let him out or let him down or
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  give 'em a dear john you know what old song. {NW} Broke up
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  Split up
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  #1 you can split up. #
Interviewer:  #2 At a # at a wedding the boy that stands up with the groom is called the?
461:  Best man
Interviewer:  And the woman that stands up with the bride?
461:  Bridesmaids
Interviewer:  mm-kay any
461:  Probably we fixing to get ready to eat so okay turn your tape off.
speaker#3:  I'm gonna ask you this before you leave you gotta start
Interviewer:  Yeah go ahead
speaker#3:  Uh what will you whenever you finish this graduate school at what how or what will you do? I mean in this study how is that gonna how how you gonna apply to this to your career really?
461:  Yeah well you're a student uh? In a way how can you afford to come down and stay where in a cheaper motel?
Interviewer:  Oh they I'm on an expense account
461:  Oh yeah
Interviewer:  So
461:  Who's expense account?
Interviewer:  Emory University in national endowment for the humanities.
461:  Oh
Interviewer:  I couldn't afford it on my own.
461:  I was wondering you know
Interviewer:  Um do you remember um though this would have been before your time but do you remember hearing about um say when people in a community would get married um other people would um ring ring cow bells or fire off a pistol?
461:  Serenades
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  Serenade
Interviewer:  mm-kay do do you remember what that was like?
461:  No now I never did experience any of that but I heard about it I knew what they's talking about.
Interviewer:  And um
461:  Shoot a gun up through the top of the house
Interviewer:  {NW} Did they do that?
461:  Oh they done everything I think.
speaker#3:  {X} I've heard um put say sand spurs
Interviewer:  uh-huh
speaker#3:  in their bed like the was gonna {X} {NW} Yeah but while the ceremony was going on they would go in fill the fill the bed full of sand spurs. Or somebody hide in in a another room in the house you know
Interviewer:  uh-huh
speaker#3:  {X} then they get sand spurs. {NW}
Interviewer:  Um say there was trouble at a party you'd say the police came and they didn't arrest just one or two of 'em they arrested the?
461:  Whole bunch
Interviewer:  And um what young people go out in in the evening and move around on the floor to music you call that a?
461:  Dance
Interviewer:  Do you remember um names for different kinds of dances?
461:  Charleston
Interviewer:  mm-kay
461:  jitterbug {NW}
Interviewer:  Do you remember um
461:  Two step
Interviewer:  uh-huh what about a dance that they'd hold at home? Did you ever hear any?
461:  Square dance
Interviewer:  mm-kay and um say if children get out of school at four o'clock you'd say at four o'clock school does what?
461:  Well we used to say sch- turns out.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  But schools out a four oh clock.
Interviewer:  Would would you say turns out now?
461:  No
Interviewer:  And after vacation children might ask when does school?
461:  Start
Interviewer:  And um say if a boy left home to go to school and didn't show up that day you'd say he?
461:  Was tardy
Interviewer:  Anything else?
461:  Played hooky
Interviewer:  mm-kay and um say after high school you go on to?
461:  College
Interviewer:  And um after kindergarten you going to the?
461:  Elementary school
Interviewer:  But which?
461:  First grade
Interviewer:  mm-kay is that what they used to call it when you were little? Did you ever hear primer or
461:  Well yeah oh yeah.
Interviewer:  {X}
461:  Well this was this primer was before the fist grade.
Interviewer:  How did that go?
461:  You never did go to well now the way I uh the first school I went to was a primer.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  Then I went to the first grade.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  So I don't know I guess uh if they have a kindergarten then it would be primer
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  Kindergarten primer and first grade.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  But now I didn't have a kindergarten.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  I went to primer to primer.
Interviewer:  Huh
461:  I was a book too. You had a book that said P-R-I-M-E-R I believe.
Interviewer:  Huh
461:  A little thin book
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  had to read that or do something you know I don't know all the way through it or something. Well you started there then you went to first grade.
Interviewer:  I see and you say years ago children sat on benches but now they sit on?
461:  Sit on benches?
Interviewer:  Yeah years ago they sat on benches at school but now they sit at?
461:  Desk
Interviewer:  mm-kay and each child has his own?
461:  Desk
Interviewer:  And if you wanted to check out a book you'd go to the?
461:  Library
Interviewer:  And to mail a package you'd go to the?
461:  Post office
Interviewer:  And you'd stay over night in a strange town at a?
461:  Motel or hotel.
Interviewer:  And um you see a play or a movie at a?
461:  Theater
Interviewer:  And if you were real sick you might have to go into the?
461:  Hospital
Interviewer:  And the woman that'd take care of you?
461:  Nurse
Interviewer:  And um you catch a train at the?
461:  Depot
Interviewer:  Say if there's a an intersection and there's a house it say there's a house at this corner and there's a house over hear you know diagonally across the street from it
461:  mm-hmm
Interviewer:  say that these houses sit how from each other?
461:  {NW} {X}
Interviewer:  mm-kay how else do you use that word?
461:  What?
Interviewer:  How else tell me how you use that word what what that word means and?
461:  Well uh {NW} I think that just by direction of movement I mean um I if I if I'll say this if I would uh {NW} if I was going this way it would be straight across this table.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm {NW}
461:  Anniegogglyn
Interviewer:  If it curved sort of?
461:  Well yeah
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  yeah it curved.
Interviewer:  I see say if you if you cut across a vacant lot would you say you were walking anniegogglyn
461:  #1 Right #
Interviewer:  #2 across it? #
461:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # What about a word kitty-cornered or catty?
461:  Yes catty-corner
Interviewer:  Does that mean the same thing or?
461:  Right
Interviewer:  mm-kay and um
461:  Boy I'll tell you what I believe Barbara you was born in the country.
Interviewer:  {NW}
461:  I believe you was raised knowing catty-corner and anniegogglyn {NW} you telling me something. Oh let's tell country people together I'm I'm proud you taping this I want you to play it to your professor. {NW} Oh
Interviewer:  Um you say before they had buses in town they used to have um something that?
461:  Street cars
Interviewer:  And you might tell the bus driver now this next corner is where I want?
461:  To get off
Interviewer:  You say here in Washington County Chipley is the?
461:  County seat
Interviewer:  And if you were a post master you'd be working for the federal?
461:  Government
Interviewer:  And the police in town are supposed to maintain?
461:  Law and order
Interviewer:  And um the fight between the North and the South was called the?
461:  Civil War
Interviewer:  And um any other names for that?
461:  North and So- war between the North and the South.
Interviewer:  mm-kay and um you say before they had the electric chair murderers were?
461:  Hanged
Interviewer:  And you say the man went out and
461:  #1 Hung himself. #
Interviewer:  #2 what himself? # Huh?
461:  Yeah I would I said hung himself but he hanged himself.
Interviewer:  Would you mind shutting if I shut that door?
461:  Oh yeah wait a minute {NW} That professor won't know what to think see you say he think you went off down in a night club and went juking.
Interviewer:  {NW}
461:  Did you ever hear of that for a juke joint you did we talked about that the other day didn't night life?
Interviewer:  I don't think so.
461:  A juke joint a place up the road right up here is a juke joint. That's where you go off and drink whiskey and get drunk.
Interviewer:  Is that the same as like you call the machine the?
461:  Juke box
Interviewer:  uh-huh I say I pronounce the word different it sounds
461:  Oh yeah how do you pronounce it?
Interviewer:  Juke
461:  Juke {NW} Okay yeah you got it.
Interviewer:  I didn't I guess it is the same word it just sounds. These are some names of some states and somes cities um the biggest city in the country is in?
461:  The state of New York.
Interviewer:  mm-kay and Baltimore is in?
461:  Maryland
Interviewer:  And what are some of the states in the south?
461:  Some of the states?
Interviewer:  Yeah
461:  Florida Tennessee North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Alabama
Interviewer:  And above Tennessee?
461:  Above Tennessee? The things in the states in the south above Tennessee.
Interviewer:  Well just
461:  Oh states above Tennessee?
Interviewer:  Yeah
461:  Well Kentucky I don't Kentucky and Virginia and uh Pennsylvania.
Interviewer:  What about moving toward the um
461:  North West?
Interviewer:  Or just toward the west.
461:  California Oregon Utah Washington
Interviewer:  Um and the the show me state is?
461:  Missouri
Interviewer:  And what's the biggest city there?
461:  In Missouri?
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  I say Kansas City
Interviewer:  Or what about another one? I don't know if it's the biggest or not but?
461:  Missouri no no no St. Louis
Interviewer:  mm-kay and um Little Rock is the capital of?
461:  Arkansas
Interviewer:  And Jackson is the capital of?
461:  Mississippi Mississippi
Interviewer:  The state just down from Mississippi is?
461:  Just down from Mississippi Lou- it's got to be Louisiana or either Alabama I mean it joins somewhere in there.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm and the Lone Star state is?
461:  Texas
Interviewer:  And Tulsa is in?
461:  Oklahoma
Interviewer:  And Boston is in?
461:  Massachusetts
Interviewer:  And the states from Maine to Connecticut are called the?
461:  What is that?
Interviewer:  The states from Maine to Connecticut?
461:  New England
Interviewer:  mm-kay and the biggest city in Maryland?
461:  I would say Baltimore.
Interviewer:  mm-kay and the capital of the United States is?
461:  Washington D-C
Interviewer:  And the old historical sea port in South Carolina?
461:  South Carolina sea port?
Interviewer:  Starts with a C
461:  Charleston
Interviewer:  Hmm?
461:  Charleston
Interviewer:  The city in Illinois?
461:  Chicago
Interviewer:  And what are some of the bigger cities in Alabama?
461:  Birmingham Mobile
Interviewer:  The capital?
461:  Montgomery
Interviewer:  And the city up in the mountains in North Carolina?
461:  The city in the mountains Nashville sure got some good music there.
Interviewer:  I like that
461:  You like country western?
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  Country and gospel music? You like gospel music? Quartet type?
Interviewer:  I don't I've never listened to that much I don't
461:  But you like that uh country?
Interviewer:  I started liking that recently
461:  Okay {NW} I know I got I tell you what I want that professor to hear you sing some of these country songs on this tape. {NW}
Interviewer:  What are some of the cities in Tennessee?
461:  Nashville and Knoxville oh yeah Johnson City.
Interviewer:  What about the the Capital over at oh no
461:  Nashville
Interviewer:  That's Nashville well the biggest city in Tennessee?
461:  The biggest city in Tennessee?
Interviewer:  Yeah over in we- west Tennessee? You're thinking of east Tennessee now.
461:  Yeah Memphis
Interviewer:  mm-kay and the city um just right did you go to Tennessee by through Georgia when did you drive up there?
461:  And I come back through there.
Interviewer:  Well the city that um that's just right outside the Georgia border one of the cities that Lookout Mountain is there.
461:  Chattanooga
Interviewer:  What are some of the cities in Georgia?
461:  Atlanta Savannah Augusta Macon
Interviewer:  And the city that Fort Benning is near?
461:  Columbus
Interviewer:  Some of the cities in Louisiana?
461:  Baton Rouge New Orleans
Interviewer:  The biggest city in Southern Ohio?
461:  Southern Ohio?
Interviewer:  mm-hmm the Reds came from.
461:  Cincinnati
Interviewer:  The biggest city in Kentucky? Where they have the Kentucky Derby.
461:  Lexington
Interviewer:  Or that's that's one I was think of.
461:  Lexington
Interviewer:  Yeah but there's another one though where they have the Derby.
461:  And it starts with an L? Louisville
Interviewer:  The
461:  Is that wait a minute let me ask you something Lexington is Lexington the capital of Kentucky? You know that slipped my mind I don't even know.
Interviewer:  I'm not sure
461:  Okay I want you to let your professors hear that. {NW} Okay I don't know I don't got a thing to find out what the capital.
Interviewer:  The the country where they have um where they've been having a lot of fighting is Northern? The country um Belfast is in Northern?
461:  Ireland
Interviewer:  mm-kay and Paris is in?
461:  France
Interviewer:  And Moscow is in?
461:  Russia
Interviewer:  Say if someone ask you to go with 'em somewhere and you're not sure you want to you might say? I don't know
461:  I don't know if I want to go there or not.
Interviewer:  Say if you wanted someone to go with you somewhere you might say well I won't go what he goes?
461:  I won't go unless you go with me.
Interviewer:  Okay and um you might say well I had a choice of doing two things I I was gonna do this but I decided to do that?
461:  Instead
Interviewer:  One of the largest churches largest protestant churches in the south is the?
461:  I say the Baptist.
Interviewer:  mm-kay and two people become members you say they?
461:  Members of the church?
Interviewer:  Yeah they become members you say they?
461:  They become members of the church.
Interviewer:  Or another word for that when they became members you say they what the church they?
461:  Join
Interviewer:  mm-kay and you go to church to pray to?
461:  God
Interviewer:  And you say the preacher preaches a?
461:  Sermon
Interviewer:  And you say the choir and organist provide the?
461:  Music
Interviewer:  And say if you if you really liked the music you say that music was just?
461:  Great
Interviewer:  mm-kay
461:  Wonderful
Interviewer:  Any?
461:  Outstanding
Interviewer:  mm-kay and the enemy of God is called the?
461:  Devil
Interviewer:  Any other names for him?
461:  Satan
Interviewer:  What would you tell children was gonna come get 'em if they didn't behave?
461:  Devil
Interviewer:  You y'all
461:  I wouldn't say satan to come get you I'd say devil is gonna come get you.
Interviewer:  Is that is satan a worse a more serious word or something?
461:  I don't I associate it on the same level.
Interviewer:  What about something like bogeyman or bad man?
461:  Oh yeah bogeyman. That was common a long time ago.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  Because the bogeyman was gonna get me
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  but the devil's gonna get my boys.
Interviewer:  What do people think they see at night around a graveyard?
461:  Ghosts
Interviewer:  Any other name for?
461:  S- spooks
Interviewer:  mm-kay
461:  Hants {NW} Wait a minute you ever heard that?
Interviewer:  Hant?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  I've never heard I I've heard of it I've never.
461:  Now that was pretty common wasn't it May?
speaker#3:  Yeah hant you know usually it is haunt now
Interviewer:  uh-huh
speaker#3:  like they gonna haunt you it used to be hant. They gonna hant you.
461:  Yeah but uh wait a minute they say you better not go by that cemetery there's hants down there.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  Okay
Interviewer:  What about a house that was people were scared to go in?
461:  Hanted house it was a haunted house you know but we called it hanted house.
Interviewer:  Do you have any of those around here?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Did you ever believe in any of them?
461:  No well uh they had me pretty well
Interviewer:  You didn't go you didn't-
461:  brainwashed for awhile. I did thinking about it now my boys they get a thrill and and I know they do because I did to take 'em to some old house you know you walk around slowly and look what's in that room you know and saw and uh they still they get a thrill out of it. And every time I find one I I go with them because I know that they call it spook house and there's something thrilling about it but I never did see one. A spook or hant or anything else. I guess it is just like a santa clause you grow out of stuff like that.
Interviewer:  You might tell someone um you better put a sweater on it is getting?
461:  Cold or cool.
Interviewer:  Or it's not really cold it is just getting?
461:  Chilly
Interviewer:  You might say um well I'll go with you if you really want me to but I'd?
461:  Rather not go.
Interviewer:  And what do you say to a friend that you haven't see for a long time? What how would you express your feelings about seeing 'em? You say I'm?
461:  I'm glad to see you.
Interviewer:  Okay
461:  Long time no see
Interviewer:  mm-kay say if someone says something kind of shocking and you sort of resented them saying it you might say why the very what of you saying that why the very?
461:  I don't follow you Barbara.
Interviewer:  Someone says something that you sort of resented them saying you know?
461:  I just tell 'em I didn't like it.
Interviewer:  Or or you didn't think they had a right to say that you might say well the very what of you saying that? The very
461:  The reason for you saying that.
Interviewer:  But I was wondering if you say something like the very idea or the very idea of you saying that or.
461:  Uh really what you I mean I I wouldn't do that. I say really really what you talking about.
Interviewer:  Did you see hear people say that say the very idea of that or?
461:  Yeah well no I know what you're talking about and maybe I have heard it a little bit but what I what I've heard is that they'll just say now what what are you talking about? The idea it might've been used but it's it's not commonly used around here people here if they if you say something and they want to know what you digging at
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  they'll just ask you then what you talking about?
Interviewer:  When a friend of yours says good morning
461:  They want you to explain it.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  In fact I just heard a conversation a lady says you explain what you mean about panky-panky see?
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  This girl says your child's been panky-panky. This lady says I want you to explain what is panky-panky.
Interviewer:  What is it?
461:  Well uh some kid on the bus would just playing with the girls in other words you see. {BEEP} Fix us some coffee please ma'am would you?
Interviewer:  When a friend of yours says good morning what might you ask?
461:  I say good morning.
Interviewer:  Or do what might you you're asking him about his health you might say?
461:  How are you this morning?
Interviewer:  And when you introduce-
461:  I don't mean to say it I'm trying to find out has he got the TB or cancer
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  but how are you feeling good or bad?
Interviewer:  uh-huh what about when you introduce to a stranger?
461:  When I'm introduced to a stranger?
Interviewer:  Is there a more formal question you ask him or anything?
461:  If the person don't call his name I'll ask him what his name is.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  And then turn right around and forget it.
Interviewer:  {NW}
461:  But I don't want I want to know what like I did you but if somebody says uh so and so from Atlanta well tell me who I'm talking to.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  If you don't then I say uh did you say your name was so and so? I want to find out.
Interviewer:  Would you ask 'em how they're feeling or or would you say that to a stranger?
461:  I don't think so I wouldn't ask 'em how they are feeling. I'd ask 'em maybe how they enjoying their stay or something because they would be strangers
Interviewer:  Mm
461:  I wouldn't ask him how he was
Interviewer:  And say if someone if a group of people had were leaving after a visit you might say well I hope hope y'all come?
461:  Okay say you talking about strangers?
Interviewer:  Or j- no just say
461:  Just people?
Interviewer:  friends or something.
461:  No they say that they're leaving. I would say this I would ask them wouldn't they stay longer.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  They say we got to go. I'd say don't rush off it's just a habit and they'd done been here all night don't rush off. {NW} Well the get out
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  well come to see us again and I might even say y'all well I don't say no I wouldn't say y'all come you know how that is?
Interviewer:  Yeah
461:  I would say though come see us again.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  We wouldn't say y'all come but now used to every time somebody would come to our house y'all come.
Interviewer:  Who would say that the person who was leaving or the person who wait you say y'all come back or?
461:  No uh a person will say I've got to go.
speaker#3:  {X}
461:  He would get up Barbara if we'd be talking well I've got to go. Go on out the door see Y'all come saying it to the person where she was just leaving.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  And then that person would respond and say well y'all come see?
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  Just like that.
Interviewer:  I see
461:  Okay then two hours later I could over to that house.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  And when I get ready y'all come see well y'all you better believe that you all is common around here it's like youins in the Carolinas. I don't know what all that but
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear people say well come with us? Did you ever hear that?
461:  Yeah come and go with us.
Interviewer:  Yeah
461:  Oh yeah
Interviewer:  #1 That sounds cause I mean #
461:  #2 Yeah just like it # since you stayed all night you wanted them then to go with you.
Interviewer:  Yeah
461:  {NW} Oh but I tell you Barbara it's
Interviewer:  {NW}
461:  That's like I said awhile ago friends can come here well I might do now since we talked I may not do it I may be self-conscious but I say don't rush off Barbara.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  You don't it's just a saying I don't.
Interviewer:  Yeah how do you greet someone around December twenty-fifth?
461:  Around December twenty-fifth Merry Christmas.
Interviewer:  Any other expression?
461:  And a Happy New Year.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear Christmas gift?
461:  Yeah oh yeah now Barbara you I tell you what y'all believe you was raised down here in these woods. Um Barbara now here's the story behind that do you know it? The first person and okay now I've got a friend down the road if he comes to my house and sticks his head in the door and says Christmas gift before I get down and say Christmas gift at his house
Interviewer:  Is this on Christmas Day or?
461:  It's on Christmas Day.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  Now then there's a Christmas Eve gift yeah and a New Years Gift.
speaker#3:  New Years Eve
461:  You see on all these holidays you get that
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  you get that on the other person say like Christmas Eve gift or Christmas gift or New Years Gift oh wait a minute I'm wrong about that Barbara maybe I'm wrong it's Christmas Eve gift
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  because Christmas Eve come just before Christmas. I don't think that's used on Christmas but it is New Years. And more common on Christmas Eve but you don't hear that the more now. Or maybe somebody may say it but they don't mean nothing about it.
Interviewer:  Well what happens when you say it first?
461:  You got to exchange a gift.
Interviewer:  Then then if I went up to your house and say Christmas Eve gift then you'd owe me a gift?
461:  That's right
Interviewer:  And you say the same thing on New Years? New years
461:  Barbara I'll tell you what used to I meet with {X} he's a he was a little older than I am he's about four years older than I was. He lived over it must've been about two miles and that joker would get up and come and stick his head in that door and wake us up and holler Christmas Eve gift and they'd have to get him a gift. He and my aunt had got to competing you know in other words she'd either go and get it on him or he'd come and get it on her but that was that Christmas Eve gift and she had to get 'em a gift.
Interviewer:  {NW}
461:  If she didn't you know that was part of it.
Interviewer:  uh-huh you might say I have to go downtown to do some?
461:  I'd say shopping now but I didn't use that that word shopping wasn't used when I was coming up. It was everything else. I got to go downtown to buy some groceries.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  But now it's shopping.
Interviewer:  Say if you bought something you'd say the store keeper took out a piece of paper and?
461:  Wrapped
Interviewer:  And then when I got home I?
461:  Unwrapped it
Interviewer:  And say if you had to sell something for less than you paid for it you'd say you had to sell it?
461:  I used to uh when you talking about they used to wrap wrap. Okay what?
Interviewer:  Say say if you had to sell something for less than you paid for it you'd say you had to sell it at a?
461:  Discount
Interviewer:  You sold something for two dollars that you had paid three dollars for.
461:  I sold it
Interviewer:  Say if you see something that you like but you don't have enough money for it you'd say well I like it but it too much?
461:  Costs
Interviewer:  Okay when it's time to pay your bill you say on on the first of the month the bill is?
461:  Due
Interviewer:  And if you belong to a club you have to pay your?
461:  Dues
Interviewer:  And if you don't have any money you might go to the bank and try to?
461:  Borrow
Interviewer:  And you say in the thirties money was in the thirties money was?
461:  Worth more
Interviewer:  Or if it was you might say it was tight or you might say it was?
461:  Tighter
speaker#3:  Scarce
461:  Scarcer I think it was tighter it wasn't I mean they said it was tighter money was scarce oh it was tight.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  They talk about tight money now particularly in the republican administration they start talking about tight money not scarce.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  {X} I'm just saying the words that are associated around here.
Interviewer:  Say um he ran down the spring board and he what into the water?
461:  Jumped
Interviewer:  Or you go head first you say he?
461:  Dove
Interviewer:  And you say um several children have already?
461:  We used to say dived.
Interviewer:  uh-huh how how would you say that?
461:  Dove
Interviewer:  I mean would you say dived for both he dived in and he has dived in?
461:  And they dived in.
Interviewer:  uh-huh and you say but I was too scared to?
461:  Dive in
Interviewer:  And if you dive in and hit the water flat you call that a?
461:  Belly buster well that's what you'd say
Interviewer:  Yeah
461:  {NW}
Interviewer:  I heard that when I was
461:  That's just old city talk too it's just a belly buster where it's in city or or country is that right Barbara?
Interviewer:  Well there's belly flop or
461:  Uh uh never heard that.
Interviewer:  Say a child puts his head on the ground and then rolls over and turns?
461:  Somersault
Interviewer:  Anything you used to say?
461:  Oh yeah it was a somerset back in it was a somerset wasn't it May?
Interviewer:  You say he someone wanted to swim to get across the river you say he dived in and what?
461:  Swam
Interviewer:  #1 You say um #
461:  #2 Well back then it was swum across the. #
Interviewer:  Say I have what there before myself I have?
461:  Swam
Interviewer:  Say children like to?
461:  Swim there.
Interviewer:  When you buy something or pay your bills some store keepers will give you a little present and say that it's for
461:  Present?
Interviewer:  When you pay your bill or something
461:  Gift?
Interviewer:  uh-huh did you ever hear the expression {X}
461:  Never heard it in my life.
Interviewer:  {X}
461:  No
Interviewer:  It means the sort of a gift given.
461:  No never used in Wausau.
Interviewer:  And say if someone didn't know how to swim you say he got in the water and he?
461:  Dog paddled
Interviewer:  Or he died in the water you say he?
461:  Oh float
Interviewer:  Say he went down for the third time and then he?
461:  Drown
Interviewer:  And you say I wasn't there so
461:  Drowned I think is what we used to say.
Interviewer:  uh-huh you say I didn't see?
461:  Go down or drown.
Interviewer:  mm-kay and you say after he went down the third time you say that he was?
461:  Drown
Interviewer:  And what does a baby do before it's able to walk?
461:  Crawl
Interviewer:  You'd say that would be a hard mountain to?
461:  Climb
Interviewer:  But last year my neighbor?
461:  Climbed it.
Interviewer:  But I have never?
461:  Climbed it
Interviewer:  Do you ever say clumb?
461:  Yeah
Interviewer:  #1 Is that what's used? #
461:  #2 Oh yeah # Wait a minute let's see how it is somebody says that's well you know {X} I climbed that a million times If I have used the word clumb I clumb slap up to the top. {NW}
Interviewer:  Would you use that word slap now?
461:  That means to the very top Climb slap to the top
Interviewer:  And you say she walked up to the alter and she what down?
461:  Knelt
Interviewer:  Say if you were tired
461:  She kneeled down probably say that she kneeled down
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  but she knelt. I would say knelt.
Interviewer:  And if you were tired you'd say I think I'll go over to the couch
461:  Rest
Interviewer:  or what down?
461:  Lay
Interviewer:  Talking about things that you see in your sleep you say this is what I?
461:  That I see in my sleep? Dreamed
Interviewer:  And you say?
461:  About this is what I dreamed about.
Interviewer:  mm-kay say often when I go to sleep I?
461:  Dream
Interviewer:  But I usually can't remember what I have?
461:  Dreamed about
Interviewer:  And um
461:  Dreamp uh we used to say dreamp.
Interviewer:  How would you say that?
461:  D-R-E-M-P that's what I dreamed about. D-R-I I dreamed about you last night.
Interviewer:  You say I dremp?
461:  No I used I'd say I dreamed about you last night.
Interviewer:  {NW} I dreamed I was falling just when I was about to hit the ground I all the sudden I?
461:  Woke up
Interviewer:  And um if you bring your foot down heavy on the floor you say you?
461:  I'd say stomp.
Interviewer:  mm-kay
461:  Stamp stomped the floor.
Interviewer:  If a boy sees a girl at church and wants to go home with her he'd ask her may I?
461:  Walk you home.
Interviewer:  mm-kay what if you had a car?
461:  Carry you home probably what he'd say.
Interviewer:  To get something to come towards you you'd take hold of it and?
461:  Pull it
Interviewer:  And the other way would be?
461:  Push it
Interviewer:  Okay
461:  or shove it. {NW}
Interviewer:  And um say if you had a sack of groceries and didn't have your car you'd say you picked it up and?
461:  A sack of groceries?
Interviewer:  I picked it up and what it home?
461:  Helped
Interviewer:  Well I'm thinking you might say I carried it but what other word might you might people around here say?
461:  Toted it uh uh used to say tote I would carry it
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  tote is is something that you got the arm up.
Interviewer:  And you might tell a child um now that stove is very hot so?
461:  Don't touch it.
Interviewer:  You know an outdoor game children would play where um on child would be it and all the other children would hide?
461:  Hide an seek
Interviewer:  Okay is that what you always called it?
461:  No I tell you what we used to say hide and go seek. That's what we used to call it hide and go seek.
Interviewer:  uh-huh
461:  Or hide and go see is really
Interviewer:  That's what
461:  what we used to call it.
Interviewer:  Hide and go see?
461:  Right hide and go see.
Interviewer:  What would you call you know there would be one tree maybe that you could touch be safe what would you call that?
461:  That's what it was.
Interviewer:  Well the the I mean would you call the base or the home?
461:  The base I don't remember what that place was seemingly like it was home. Home no it wasn't home it might of been home wasn't home base but maybe it's home I forgot what it's been a long time Barbara since I played that.
Interviewer:  What about um what you'd run toward in football?
461:  Goal line
Interviewer:  mm-kay and you say you throw a ball and ask somebody to?
461:  Catch it
Interviewer:  And you say I threw it and he?
461:  Caught it
Interviewer:  And you say I've been fishing but I haven't?
461:  Caught any
Interviewer:  And you might say there's no need to hurry if I get there first I'll?
461:  Wait
Interviewer:  Wait I'll wait?
461:  For you
Interviewer:  Say if you were about to punish someone he might say um don't punish me just give me another?
461:  Chance
Interviewer:  You say if a man was in a very good mood you might say he's in very?
461:  Spirit
Interviewer:  Okay or someone who always catches on to a joke? You'd say he's got a good sense of?
461:  Humor
Interviewer:  Say and we've got termites now but I'm sure the exterminating company will get?
461:  Rid of them
Interviewer:  Child left a pencil on the desk and came back and didn't find it there you say I bet somebody what my pencil?
461:  Stole it
Interviewer:  You might say I have just what him a letter?
461:  I don't I don't think that uh I don't know I don't think that I'd say if if I met well now see I'm not a kid now but just because my pencil's gone I would think I'd say somebody picked it up in every in most cases I wouldn't say that somebody stole it I think somebody picked it up maybe.
Interviewer:  Is there any sort of slang word that a kid would use?
461:  Snooked it
Interviewer:  And you say I have {NW} what him a letter? I have just?
461:  Wrote
Interviewer:  And you say um yesterday he what me?
461:  Wrote
Interviewer:  And tomorrow I will?
461:  Write him
Interviewer:  And you say oh I wrote him and it's time I was?
461:  Reply an answer
Interviewer:  And you say you put the letter in the envelope then you take your pen and you?
461:  Address it.
Interviewer:  mm-kay anything older people used to say?
461:  Dress it I guess.
Interviewer:  #1 Do you ever here back? #
461:  #2 I believe #
Interviewer:  #1 #
461:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Back the letter?
461:  Oh yeah right very common.
Interviewer:  What was that?
461:  Back a letter that be that's used some today.
Interviewer:  And you might say well I was gonna write him but I didn't know his?
461:  Address
Interviewer:  A child that's always running and telling on the other children you'd call him a?
461:  Tattle tale
Interviewer:  Would you use that word about a grown person?
461:  I wouldn't call 'em a tattle tale I'd call him a tattler. Tattle tale is for something small kid. I would identify 'em could be said as a tattler or gossiper but you know a tattler.
Interviewer:  And say if you wanted to to get some flowers um brighten up your room you'd say you were gonna go out and what some flowers?
461:  Well I'd say Barbara I'm gonna pick some flower.
Interviewer:  Okay
461:  Or gather some flowers probably say gather.
Interviewer:  Something that a child plays with you'd call a?
461:  Toy
Interviewer:  Any other name for that? Did you ever say play pretty or something?
461:  Yeah that's not used much now well one reason I'm older but I don't say my kids have got some play pretties they got toys. But now my folks did and when I was there well you know not their age now because well maybe I did have some toys play pretties but they my folks identified my toys as play pretties.
Interviewer:  Just any toy?
461:  Yeah oh well yeah a toy cause a B-B gun wasn't was not classified as a toy.
Interviewer:  What was that?
461:  Say a B-B gun see but uh if it was a truck that would run around on the floor it'd be a toy.
Interviewer:  #1 Or a play pretty. #
461:  #2 I mean a play pretty. #
Interviewer:  Say that's the um that's the book that you what me for Christmas?
461:  Bought gave me.
Interviewer:  Say if I borrowed something of yours I might say when I'm finished with it I'll what it back?
461:  Give it back to you.
Interviewer:  Because you've already?
461:  Gave me
Interviewer:  You say I'm glad I carried my umbrella because we hadn't gone half a block when it?
461:  Started to rain
Interviewer:  mm-kay and you might ask um what time does the movie?
461:  Start
Interviewer:  Or using another word? You'd say what time does the movie?
461:  Begin
Interviewer:  And you say it must've already?
461:  Started
Interviewer:  Or it must've already?
461:  Begun
Interviewer:  And you say it what ten minutes ago?
461:  Began
Interviewer:  People want to get to some place in a hurry they? But you say they either walk or they?
461:  Run
Interviewer:  They have what a mile everyday that say I was feeling so good I what all the way home?
461:  Ran
Interviewer:  Say you can't get through there cause the highway departments got their machines and the road's all?
461:  Blockaded
Interviewer:  Or all tor-?
461:  Torn up
Interviewer:  And say you give someone a bracelet and you want to see how it looks on her you say why don't you? Give someone a bracelet and then you say well go ahead and?
461:  Put it on
Interviewer:  You might say well that wasn't an accident he did that?
461:  Purpose
Interviewer:  And say if you had a question I might say well I don't know the answer to your question you better go?
461:  Ask someone else
Interviewer:  And you say so then I went?
461:  I went and asked someone.
Interviewer:  And you say well you've already what me that?
461:  Told me that
Interviewer:  Or you've already?
461:  Answered my question.
Interviewer:  Or you're the second person whose what me that?
461:  Told me that.
Interviewer:  Or talking about asking question you're the second person?
461:  Ask me that.
Interviewer:  And you say those little boys like to what each other?
461:  Fight
Interviewer:  And you say every time they met they?
461:  Fought
Interviewer:  And ever since they were small they have?
461:  Fought
Interviewer:  And you'd say she what him with a big knife?
461:  Stabbed him or cut him.
Interviewer:  And say if you were gonna lift something heavy like a
461:  Used to call 'em stob used to call that stob.
Interviewer:  mm-kay and if you were gonna lift something heavy like a piece of machinery up on a roof you'd say you'd use pulley blocks and a rope to what it up?
461:  Hoist
Interviewer:  Now would you start counting slowly
461:  One
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
461:  Two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen
Interviewer:  mm-kay and the number after nineteen is?
461:  Twenty
Interviewer:  And after twenty-six?
461:  Twenty-seven
Interviewer:  And twenty-nine?
461:  Thirty
Interviewer:  Thirty-nine?
461:  Forty
Interviewer:  Sixty-nine?
461:  Seventy
Interviewer:  Ninety-nine?
461:  One hundred
Interviewer:  Nine hundred ninety-nine?
461:  One thousand
Interviewer:  And ten times one hundred thousand?
461:  Ten times one hundred thousand?
Interviewer:  One?
461:  Million
Interviewer:  And say if you had a line of people standing somewhere the person at the head of the line you'd call him the? Or he'd be the number one man he'd be the? Say if there were eleven people in line the number eleven man would be the eleventh man. The number one man would be the?
461:  He'd be the head man.
Interviewer:  Or the
461:  lead man.
Interviewer:  Not the eleventh it be the?
461:  Number one man.
Interviewer:  Or the
461:  First
Interviewer:  Okay behind him would be the?
461:  Second man
Interviewer:  Okay keep going.
461:  The third man and the fourth man and the fifth man the sixth man the seventh man the eighth man the ninth man the tenth man.
Interviewer:  And you say sometimes you feel you get your good luck just a little at a time but your bad luck comes all?
461:  At one time.
Interviewer:  Okay
461:  You know it's like this uh there's a saying we say it that we heard there'd be days like this but we didn't know they would come in pods like bananas.
Interviewer:  {NW}
461:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Never heard of that. Say if you said something two times you would be saying it?
461:  What?
Interviewer:  You said something two times you would be saying it?
461:  Two times
Interviewer:  uh-huh or another word for that you'd be saying?
461:  Double
Interviewer:  Or you said last year I got twenty bushels to the acre but this year I got forty so this years crop was?
461:  Double
Interviewer:  Or what as good? You say it's two times as good or you say it was?
461:  Twice as good.
Interviewer:  Would you name the months of the year?
461:  January February March April May June July August September October November December
Interviewer:  And the days of the week?
461:  Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
Interviewer:  Okay what about sabbath? What does that mean?
461:  Sunday
Interviewer:  If you meet someone in the early part of the day what do you say as a greeting?
461:  Good morning
Interviewer:  And how long does morning last?
461:  Twelve oh clock sharp.
Interviewer:  Then what do you have?
461:  Evening good evening
Interviewer:  mm-kay do do you say good evening to people when you meet them like like good morning? Say if you were leaving someone at about eleven oh clock in the day would you say anything as you were leaving? I mean any expression like good?
461:  Good bye
Interviewer:  mm-hmm What about good day? Do you ever hear that?
461:  Yeah probably say that
Interviewer:  When do people say that? When they are leaving or meeting someone or what?
461:  When they leaving
Interviewer:  What about
461:  probably I mean it don't matter whether it's in the morning or evening.
Interviewer:  What about when you were
461:  Unless you get on over and it gets dark.
Interviewer:  Then what do you say?
461:  Good evening
Interviewer:  Or if you were leaving somebody's house after dark what would you tell 'em?
461:  Good evening
Interviewer:  Even at about this time?
461:  Maybe good night now.
Interviewer:  uh-huh What when does evening stop and night begin?
461:  Not too long after dark I don't know what time. {X}
Interviewer:  Yeah say if um if you have to get up and start work before the the sun comes into sight you'd say had to get up and start work before?
461:  Before day
Interviewer:  Or before sun?
461:  Sun rise
Interviewer:  And I worked until
461:  Sunset
Interviewer:  And you say um this this morning the sun what at six o'clock?
461:  Rose
Interviewer:  And yesterday at that time the sun had already?
461:  Rose
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  Rose
Interviewer:  And you say this morning I saw the sun?
461:  Rise and I did Barbara I watched {X}
Interviewer:  #1 You saw the sun rise? #
461:  #2 I saw the sun rise didn't I may? #
Interviewer:  I'm never up in time. {NW} Um
461:  A country girl who don't get up early
Interviewer:  {NW}
461:  Talking about red bugs and all that stuff.
Interviewer:  {NW} You say if um today is is tuesday then monday was or
461:  {NW}
Interviewer:  not today?
461:  Yesterday
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  Yesterday
Interviewer:  And wednesday is?
461:  Tomorrow
Interviewer:  And if someone came on a sunday not last sunday but a a week earlier than that you'd say he came here?
461:  Sunday was a week ago.
Interviewer:  And if he was gonna leave on a sunday not next sunday but a week beyond that you'd say he's gonna leave?
461:  Sunday week
Interviewer:  And if someone stayed from the first and to the fifteenth you'd say he stayed about?
461:  Two weeks
Interviewer:  Okay any other expression for that? That people say around here or
461:  I don't think so I might of I don't think so stayed about two weeks.
Interviewer:  uh-huh and if you wanted to know the time you'd ask somebody?
461:  What time do you have?
Interviewer:  And you might look at your?
461:  Watch
Interviewer:  And if it was midway between seven oh clock and eight oh clock you'd say that it was?
461:  Seven thirty
Interviewer:  Or another way of saying that is?
461:  I don't we don't well that's the one way of saying it.
Interviewer:  Well how how how would you?
461:  Seven thirty
Interviewer:  Or what about another way? Using the word half you'd say it was half?
461:  Half past seven
Interviewer:  If it was fifteen minutes later than that you'd say it was a?
461:  Quarter to eight.
Interviewer:  And if you had been doing something for a long time you'd say I've been doing that for quite?
461:  Some time
Interviewer:  Or for quite a?
461:  while
Interviewer:  And you say nineteen seventy-two was last year nineteen seventy-three is?
Interviewer:  Say um if a child's {NW} just had his birth third birthday you'd say he's?
461:  Three years old.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and if something happened on this day last year you'd say it happened exactly?
461:  On the same day.
Interviewer:  How long ago?
461:  Last year
Interviewer:  It happened exactly?
461:  On the same day last year.
Interviewer:  Or a another way of saying that it happened exactly a?
461:  Year later
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um you'd say you you look up at the sky and say talking about the weather you say I don't like the looks of those black?
461:  Clouds
Interviewer:  And on a day when the sun's shining and there aren't any clouds you'd say that's a?
461:  Fair
Interviewer:  Mm-kay
461:  day
Interviewer:  And what about when it's all cloudy and overcast and the sun's not shining you'd say that it's a?
461:  Cloudy
Interviewer:  Or any other expressions?
461:  Well um I I know that commonly they say hazy
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  but if it's dark hazy's a different color.
Interviewer:  Mhm
461:  If it's uh light color you know you can tell a haze.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Or either if it's dark clouds you just say cloudy.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm you ever heard something like gloomy or {X}?
461:  Miserable
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and say if um if the clouds were getting thicker and thicker
461:  Nasty
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  I've heard of nasty days.
Interviewer:  How would you describe that?
461:  Rainy and cold
Interviewer:  Uh huh
461:  sloppy. You know I've heard of nasty days hadn't you?
Interviewer:  What about?
461:  It's worse I mean it's not a rainy day it's not a cold day it's all that mixed together.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  It's nasty. Particularly it gets nasty after dusk at about three or four days around here.
Interviewer:  {NW}
461:  See
Interviewer:  Uh huh say if um if the clouds were getting thicker and thicker and you figure it might rain or something in a little while you'd say look like the weather is?
461:  Looks like it's fixing to rain.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay would you ever say something like weather is threatening or breaking?
461:  Right threatening and then the weather looks like it's breaking.
Interviewer:  What do you mean breaking?
461:  Well that's when it looks like in all these dark clouds moving {X} uh move the way.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Or rained out in other words you don't see them anymore.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  You can see a ray of light of blue sky it's breaking.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But it's threatening that's when they begin to gather.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm What about um say if it had been cloudy and then you the clouds start pulling away you say it looks like it's finally going to?
461:  Break off
Interviewer:  Mm-kay do you ever say fair off or clear up or?
461:  Well
Interviewer:  Is that
461:  all of those are the same it's just one's used about as much as the other.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Break off or clear up or fair up.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm and um you say all night long the wind?
461:  Blew
Interviewer:  And you say it it was pretty bad last night but in years past the wind has what harder than that? The wind has?
461:  Blown
Interviewer:  And you say it started to rain and the wind began to?
461:  Blow
Interviewer:  And if the wind's from this direction you say it's?
461:  From the east.
Interviewer:  And wind half way between south and west you'd call a?
461:  South west
Interviewer:  And south and east?
461:  South-east
Interviewer:  And east and north? {NW}
461:  North-east
Interviewer:  And west and north?
461:  North-west
Interviewer:  And say if the wind had been gentle and was gradually getting stronger you'd say the wind was?
461:  Picking up
Interviewer:  And if it was just the opposite of that? If it was had been strong but was getting weaker you'd say the wind was?
461:  Um I'll tell you what I'd say and I think it's pretty well common it was dying down ain't that right?
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  That's what it's that's what a lot of people say.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um a whole lot of rain that just suddenly comes down you'd call that a?
461:  A no wait a minute it's a downpour.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay any others?
461:  Toad stranglers
Interviewer:  Huh?
461:  Toad stranglers
Interviewer:  Mm-kay
461:  You know sometimes you see a lot of frogs after a rain
Interviewer:  Uh huh
461:  Well when it rains so hard it'll it'll strangle the frogs so it's a toad strangle. {NW} When it gets so hard that it'll strangle some toad frogs it's raining hard.
Interviewer:  {NW} What about um if there's thunder and lightening?
461:  Thunder storm
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and what if it's not as as bad as a as a downpour what what might it be?
461:  Drizzle
Interviewer:  Mm-kay an- anything else?
461:  Shower
Interviewer:  What do you think of is the difference between a drizzle and a shower?
461:  Shower's a little harder than a drizzle.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm you think of a a drizzle as being something that sort of lasts all day or?
461:  Mm-hmm yes ma'am {NW}
Interviewer:  What about um something finer than a?
461:  Mist
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and say if you you get up in the morning and you can't see across the road you'd say that you had a?
461:  Fog
Interviewer:  And a day like that you'd call a?
461:  A day like that we'd call a?
Interviewer:  You say it's what outside it's?
461:  Foggy
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and if no rain comes for weeks and weeks you'd say you're having a?
461:  Dry spell
Interviewer:  Any other?
461:  Yeah there's a a drought.
Interviewer:  Okay what's the difference between a dry spell and a drought?
461:  Droughts just a sophisticated name for a dry spell.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm they're the same?
461:  Yeah same thing.
Interviewer:  You say um it was so cold last night that the lake?
461:  Froze
Interviewer:  Okay what if it if there's just ice around the edge would you have a different expression you'd use?
461:  Just around the edge? And it does that sometimes but uh I don't think I would I don't mean I don't know what that would be.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and um say if it was cold enough to kill the tomatoes and flowers you'd say last night we had a?
461:  Frost
Interviewer:  Mm-kay what if it's harder than that you'd call it a?
461:  Freeze
Interviewer:  And um you say if it {NW} if it gets much colder the pipes might?
461:  Burst
Interviewer:  Or the the water in them might?
461:  Freeze
Interviewer:  And you say um yesterday
461:  Used to say then pipes would bust.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay you say yesterday the pipes?
461:  Froze
Interviewer:  And?
461:  The pipes burst.
Interviewer:  What did you used to say?
461:  Last night the pipes froze and and and then when they tha- they busted.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay
461:  {NW}
Interviewer:  And you say um the pipes have?
461:  I say they have froze.
Interviewer:  And they have?
461:  Burst
Interviewer:  Mm-kay
461:  used to say busted.
Interviewer:  Mm-kay and the the best room in the house you'd call the?
461:  The best room?
Interviewer:  Yeah you might you call what you call the living room now what did you used to call that?
461:  What?
speaker#3:  Fire room
Interviewer:  The what?
speaker#3:  Fire room
461:  No I didn't call it.
Interviewer:  Fire room?
speaker#3:  Used to call the living room the fire room cause it's where the fireplace was.
Interviewer:  {NW}
461:  I didn't we didn't call it that. See that's what I'm telling you now.
Interviewer:  Uh huh
461:  See she lived in this area
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  where as they used to say doodads and I called 'em hush- corn dodgers.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  Well she's calling it a fire room and we used to call it the big house.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But now listen uh that's not none of that is that I know of is common.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  You'll find each uh different people just had associated different names.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  I mean if it wasn't is was the living room or something else but I don't know what it was.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  A lot of people probably call it a living room.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
461:  But we didn't.
Interviewer:  Say talking about how tall a room is you'd say this room's about maybe nine?
461:  Feet tall
Interviewer:  Mm-kay that's it.