Interviewer:  probably have somebody how it was around here has he?
472:  He's {D: setting how.} {NS} Stream of harps, seems like. {D: Nothing united} the better.
Interviewer:  Is it usually this hot for this time of year?
472:  No not some we have some few days but not like it's been regularly you know. There's been a lot of hot days this year. More than we've ever experienced before. And then other places that's uh much worse than it is here. It's uh they're hot out in Texas {NS} I think.
Interviewer:  Yeah I was out there last summer, it was pretty hot then. I don't think it was hot as it is this summer though.
472:  No it's hotter out there this summer than the then uh we've been hearing from.
Interviewer:  Where abouts did you say you were born Mr- {B}
472:  Uh up at uh S- uh Stockton, Alabama.
Interviewer:  At Stockton?
472:  Yes.
Interviewer:  That's in what county is that in?
472:  In Baldwin County.
Interviewer:  How far away is that?
472:  About ten miles up the river, the Kennesaw River.
Interviewer:  Which river is that?
472:  Kennesaw River.
Interviewer:  Is that a very what size town is that? Is Stockton a town or a
472:  Uh yes, it's become to be one. And not, it wasn't. It's just a few houses along there in Stockton. But there's always been uh industrious mill down at the foot of the hill we call it. And uh {NW} you might be Stockton had built from this mill, the work of this mill. Built Stockton up and started it. And then they began to come in other people and build them some uh uh I mean build houses and and uh farm. Begin to garden and uh it built up mighty fast from then on.
Interviewer:  Mm.
472:  And and the longer it the time come by well uh and the more homes was built. {NW}
Interviewer:  What kind of industry do they have up there? {NS}
472:  Well at this time I don't know just what all's about. And uh but they still have a mill up there. It's called a sawmill now, below where the big mill, the {X} Mill was. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  It's called a sawmill and there are lot of workers there. There were a lot of people working there. Yes sir.
472:  The mill boss, the mister {D: Johnny Mike} {B} uh was when I left there. I used to work there.
Interviewer:  Oh, is that right?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Worked in a sawmill?
472:  Yeah. night watch.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  That was my job.
Interviewer:  I see. How long did you do that?
472:  Well near three years, I suppose. Somewhere around close to three years. If I remember right.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. Is he do you know where Miss {B} {X}
472:  Mm-hmm yeah.
Interviewer:  I think she lives up there.
472:  Yeah uh I might know her yeah. Oh
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 yeah. #
Interviewer:  I talked to her in December. {NS}
472:  You did?
Interviewer:  Sure did.
472:  Well I'll declare. {X}
Interviewer:  #1 I did #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  the same thing I'm doing here.
472:  Yeah? Wow wow
Interviewer:  She was I think she was born and raised in Stockton. {NW}
472:  Let's see, yeah, I believe she was too.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. I guess uh you have a lot of farming going on up there too?
472:  {D: Well there's a good yield} Uh was I guess it's still going. I remember uh right where the doctor used to live they had a nice about two acres of corn and every year they'd planted corn there and they had it checked. You've heard of corn being checked in rows, you know?
Interviewer:  No sir, what does that mean?
472:  That means you have a row this way and a row thisaway across, you know.
Interviewer:  Cross ways?
472:  Yeah, all all over the patch, that whole field all through that grass. a-and it's called uh checked corn for the kept the corn flat. {NS} And you know you can uh flat that corn that way and it will really make good.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
472:  Yeah. Us boys when when we used to come to Stockton to trade at the store we lived about four miles above Stockton up there. And we come down there and uh Papa would talk about that little field of corn that he's checked and we never knowed nothing about no corn begin checked and we did learn from that you see that you could plant corn checked.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
472:  And it was real interesting to us boys. We liked that.
Interviewer:  That's the way to do it?
472:  Yeah. He had a great-uncle that had a big store out in the upper edge of Stockton up there right at the forks of the road now at the big Methodist church. And uh I remember back there when we'd stop at that store and trade with them and my daddy's uncle great-uncle do you say it? and they'd weigh the stuff out by pound. {NS} Buy buy meal and anything you'd bought it was by pounds and you buy cloth you they made it by yards. And it was really interesting that the children then and we looked forwards {NS} for to come to town so we'd get some candy or a fruit or something, you know?
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  About once a week.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Walked about four miles.
Interviewer:  Had to walk four miles to town?
472:  Uh-huh. But we were just as happy on the road as we could be, you know? With daddy. Us children. {D: and all of us}
Interviewer:  #1 How many #
472:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  children were there in your family?
472:  Well I believe there were at that time there were let's see uh four, I believe.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. How many boys and girls?
472:  Uh let's see, there was uh three boys um three boys and one girl all there was.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Yeah. Four in the family.
Interviewer:  I see. So you were born in Stockton, how long did you live up there?
472:  Well practically all my life until I come to Bay Minette, in other words settle down here.
Interviewer:  How old were you when you came here?
472:  Well I was grown. I let's see I don't know how old I was when I come to Stockton. Mm I just don't remember.
Interviewer:  You guess you were thirty, forty?
472:  Yeah, middle-aged. Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Been here ever since?
472:  Yeah. Practically ever since. Not {NS} not too {X} I mean been here more than any other place since that since that time.
Interviewer:  Have you ever lived anywhere else besides Stockton or Bay Minette?
472:  Uh no, a while down in Whitehouse Fork, I lived down there about a couple of years.
Interviewer:  Whitehouse Fork.
472:  Yeah that's about s- seven miles below here, I believe.
Interviewer:  It's seven miles from Bay Minette?
472:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Which direction is that?
472:  It's uh south.
Interviewer:  South.
472:  South. Oh yes sir.
Interviewer:  I see. I see. So you moved down there after you'd been in Bay Minette for a while?
472:  Yeah. And then uh I come back to Bay Minette {NW}
Interviewer:  How do you like it here?
472:  I like it just fine although I'd rather be back to Stockton on the river you know? I uh an ol'- an old river coon I reckon, I was raised at the river most of my life. And uh I learned to lo-love the river when I was about ten-years-old. And they {D: began} and this beautiful moss that hangs on the trees at the river?
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Seemed like that stopped my heart and mind and I can remember back there when I first ever came to the river and saw that beautiful moss. I mean that was beautiful. And it is still is and That's one of the reasons I love that place so well is on account of it uh God's nature. Seen it. {NS}
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And then I can see the boats and hear the boats and I love that. {NS}
Interviewer:  What kind of boats are those that go on the river?
472:  Well there was mostly little motorboats at the time. But there are larger boats going up and down there now.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And this is the um let's see, Kennesaw, did you say, River?
472:  Kennesaw River.
Interviewer:  Kennesaw River.
472:  {X} lower by Atlanta.
Interviewer:  I see. That's apparently a good-sized river?
472:  Yeah, Kennesaw is a fine river. Yeah. It goes in makes a connection with the Mobile River way above there up at Mount Vernon I believe. It's somewhere right in there.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Did it handle uh shipping and all that kind of thing?
472:  Well not too much great shipping. All in all on the Mobile River though uh they do carry lots of {X} It's tied to this river. and they uh {NW} have a lot of tugboats in there.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Did you say you were a river coon?
472:  Yeah I called one {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 Was a river coon #
472:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  what does that mean?
472:  {X} That means uh just uh like a coon you know, coon lotta coons in this river swamp. And um I just call it uh that's an old river coon you know? {NS} And and it's know a lot of old darkies up there, you know. {NW} And they can tell me some great stories about the um nature and about the animals in the swamp. Bear. Especially the deer and they've even sh- {X} {NS} they even showed me a {NS} pine tree real large where those bear on the south side they would scratch on this pine tree and make a big sign and each one come along would uh scratch and get this tar to come out and rub that wool in that tar and {NS} it'd keep the mosquitoes I suppose from biting their heads so bad in that swamp, you know, a lot of mosquitoes. Okay. And so I learned about that and they got a mound right close to this tree {NS} it's uh this big pine tree and it's as high as these oaks that the Indians had built. And it's tremendous. And uh
Interviewer:  What was it for?
472:  Huh? This mound? Oh they uh I guess they built it to get out of high water. Gotta get up on the outta high water's a big thing, yeah a big thing.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
472:  And uh big big trees growing on it now. Timber.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  And {NS} Mr. MacMillan that owns the little sawmill he he was cutting lumber, cutting timber up there for the sawmill? In the swamp and I went to the office own day and I asked him I said Mr.? MacMillan, I said Mr. Johnny I said do you remember up at the mound? I said there's a big old pine there were there was animals, those bear scratches it and rubs on it. I said what about let's don't let's don't cut that pine with it. Be alright that you miss that tree and don't cut it for lumber? I said that's a great scenery to me. It's a huge tree and uh I like to go there and look where those bear has clawed that pine. And the last time I was there I got on my tiptoes, take my middle finger and I just could touch the uh uh last sign that the big bear had put there.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
472:  And the darky told me huh that th- th- that old darky told me he said now he says I tell you what. He said that's a big pretty big bear to get up that high and scratch on the tree but he says watch that {D: spar} now, he said the next one comes along the male comes along and and uh tries that and if he can't reach where that one did, said he won't stay there. He he'll move on out.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
472:  Yeah. And that was what that was all about.
Interviewer:  Huh.
472:  Why
Interviewer:  #1 I get the idea of #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  the other one would be too big for him.
472:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  Too
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 much #
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  #1 too much #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  #1 {D: man} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  you know. And he wouldn't tackle him. Something like.
Interviewer:  I haven't heard of that before.
472:  Yeah!
Interviewer:  That's interesting.
472:  Yeah. Well that's the the pine I reckon is still there I can carry and show you the sign on it. I looked at them all the uh {D: Mr. Byded} owned the land in there, he was the one I was up there with and he carried me up there to show me all of this. And in later later days I went back up there to spend a week by myself on a big camp house that Mr. MacMillan and him had up there. {NS} And wasn't nobody there and I s- I spent nearly about a week up there, about a week by myself. And I fished, {NS} enjoy life. So one evening I left the camp about nearly sundown, but I don't know where's a good place to catch me some mess of bream. And I went up above there to the uh what they call {D: Biyasman} and I kept catching fish and messing around, that was dark overtook me. Well I only had a little boat. A little old champion motor and a little fourteen-foot flat-barge boat. And I got my boat started back at the house and there was a log stuck out in the lake and I run into that log from a boat
Interviewer:  Mm.
472:  and the boat slipped off of the log and I was sitting there happy because I'd dumped me right in where all those bad ones see. That would've dumped me right in there and I'd to had to got out on the side where the mound was to make it back to the camp. {D: So I could've got to me} {NS} {D: land at the camp}
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  {NS} All right that's that'd frighten me about that you know.
Interviewer:  I guess so.
472:  So uh my little motor that log, slipped off the log and I went on down to the camp, I couldn't see on her just through the opening in the timber. And uh I come on down to the camp and I had to clean my fish and I had a {D: lighter} course all I had light I had and I put it on the {D: war} on the big boat and sat in my boat and while I was a-cleaning my fish I heared some {D: wirecats} come. Those {D: wirecats}, there was a big tree laying over the lake right over over me and those wildcats went up that tree right right up up sat and that frightened me a little bit. I didn't have a gun, I reckon. So {NS} I take my hatchet and get on the boat {NS} like that {NW} and uh they ran down a tree and left. I heared them come and hit the ground running off. And so I finished up. Next day about ten oh clock I was had to be a' looking out in the lake. There come that log with the tide. Coming down, I'd knocked that log loose from a boat
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  {NS} Knocked it loose! Then I'm behind {NS} pushes, you know? and I was so happy when and I enjoyed that.
Interviewer:  I didn't realize you had bears that size around here.
472:  Oh Lord yeah, there's some big bear in that swamp. There used to be. I can carry you down there at uh the Lower Fleet they call it down on Kennesaw.
Interviewer:  The what?
472:  A Lower Pleat.
Interviewer:  What is that?
472:  Well they had the big ships in there you know? Big nest of them big ships.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Mm-hmm. Well I can show you right across the river there from that landing. Uh you carry you over there and the bear tracks over there are like cow tracks over in there. {NW} Uh they got trails over there.
Interviewer:  That many of them?
472:  A lot of them. They're not them huge bear though, they're smaller bear. Yeah They're pretty good size. Yeah I can show you the tracks where they come across there. Muddy place.
Interviewer:  Are they dangerous?
472:  Well they would be uh if you used to get out to it where they were they had young ones, you know. Where they have young ones, then they'll fight you. But if not they they get out of your way, they {NS} they're scared you'll gonna do something to it.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  But they'll get out of your way if uh
Interviewer:  Are they these brown bears?
472:  Yeah. some of them darker then brown though. Some of them's mostly black. Them real big ones.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  They're mostly black.
Interviewer:  How old did you say you are now Mr- {B}
472:  Well I'll soon be seventy-five.
Interviewer:  You're seventy-four right now?
472:  Yeah, seventy-four.
Interviewer:  When's your birthday?
472:  Nineteenth of September. {NS}
Interviewer:  That's not too far away.
472:  No it ain't. {NS} {D: so you never know that} {X} {NS} {X} {NS} {X} {NS}
Interviewer:  You say you worked in a sawmill for a while when you're in Stockton?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What what kind of work did you do most of
472:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 your life? #
472:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
472:  I worked in the woods most of my life. In most timber.
Interviewer:  The lumber business?
472:  No. {NW} it was getting tar out of those pines
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  to uh send off, I mean to sell. To sell. Uh we worked {NW} under people you know. They had the business and we worked for them. But long towards the last I had me a little business of my own. Uh three years of turpentine we call it and I made and sold it myself. It turpentine.
Interviewer:  So you were in the turpentine business
472:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 most of your # life?
472:  uh part of my life, like yeah. Well most of my life, yeah. {NW} But part of three last years that that I had a little patch of my own. Just leased the timber.
Interviewer:  I see. {NS} {X} {X} Did you work for Mr- {B} uh or was it somebody else?
472:  Uh it was somebody, it was uh fellow by the name {B} He lived up there at Stockton. And then Brown Crosby.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  We were working under him then. He owned the business.
Interviewer:  How did you get into that work?
472:  M- I was raised to it, my father that's about all he ever did you see in his day.
Interviewer:  Your father was in the turpentine business?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  How'd you like it?
472:  I liked it fine, I didn't think I could ever do nothing else, I didn't why we didn't know nothing else hardly. Just at that time, there was just nothing but woodwork for people outside of the gardens and potato patches. {D: Aside from that}
Interviewer:  Everybody had a garden?
472:  Practically everybody had to have one to live. And then they had uh hogs cows uh milk cow. Way we were we had uh hogs and milk cows. We mostly raised cow though, we didn't fool with hogs too much.
Interviewer:  Oh, is that right?
472:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  What did you do with hogs?
472:  Well they'll kind of a thing that's much a outside of a fence as they are on the inside.
Interviewer:  Oh.
472:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  They're really something, hogs. And you got to prove to them and then no you can't prove to them all the way That's the way I see it. Something.
Interviewer:  Just kind of hard to look at them?
472:  Uh yeah. And we couldn't do it. Uh but nevertheless we'd take a notion, for uh meat, we'd kill a cow. {X} and dry it smoke it dry {D: we didn't have a way to} keep it but smoke it dry, salt it. Smoke it dry and then pack it in white pine boxes. And then mother would take it out if she wanted to cook some for breakfast. She'd soak it overnight anyway and cook it and they'd be just about ripe when she soaked it overnight to get that salt out of it so we could eat it.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. {NS}
472:  And then we'd go to this river swamp to the river and put us out a line some limb lines and catch us a big old catfish and that was part of our meat. We'd carry that home and cut it up, salt it, and dry it and stack it well. And that's that's s- part of the meat we'd have to eat.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. {NS}
472:  Unless Daddy took his gun and killed a mess of squirrels or something like that.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What kind of squirrels do you have up there?
472:  Cat squirrels. In the river swamp {X} most of them.
Interviewer:  I don't think I've ever seen a cat squirrel, what does it look like?
472:  Well I've got them right out there, you'll see now in a few minutes. One of that young been out there. Something going with some of my squirrels though, I don't know. Somebody might love to eat them. {NW} Down to town, maybe not {NS} though. I had a lot of pet ones out there now that I can call up.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Feed them. Take care of them. Those beautiful oaks.
Interviewer:  The the uh cat squirrels the only type you have around here?
472:  That's all we have. Now back out in the woods uh you'll find what you call fox squirrels and you have black fox squirrels, white around the nose and eyes. Then you have a red fox squirrel {NS} all over red.
Interviewer:  What color is this cat squirrel?
472:  Gray.
Interviewer:  It's gray all over?
472:  Gray all over.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  But I did have a couple of gray squirrels here with red tails.
Interviewer:  Really?
472:  And I wondered about that many a time and I had one here with a gray tail and he was red, the squirrel. Gray squ- the cat squirrel.
Interviewer:  He's just backwards.
472:  #1 Uh yeah! #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  #1 I just #
Interviewer:  #2 {NS} #
472:  uh it's it was amazing, you know, to me. And I I hated to see them get destroyed but I reckon cars killed them or something, I don't know. {NS} {C: knocking sound} Gone. {NS}
Interviewer:  Yeah, I'd like to see one of those. {C: train whistle}
472:  Yeah, {NS} they they uh they's something to look at.
Interviewer:  That's
472:  You can't imagine why that that's said that way. But it sure was. {NW}
Interviewer:  You said you went out and caught a catfish every night and then did you like to do any fi- much fishing yourself?
472:  Oh yeah, I used to do that uh part of the time before I went to night watching at the sawmill. I fished a whole lot while I was {C: bird call} tending to Briar Landing, you know. I fished a whole lot around the landing there {C: bird call} {D: catching and selling} That's {C: bird call} that's uh {NS} {C: exterior speech} {X} {NS} watch {C: overlapping exterior speech} watch the land just {NS}
Interviewer:  What'd you fish for usually? {NS}
472:  Catfish. {C: exterior audio}
Interviewer:  Is there any other kind of fish that people can catch around here? {NS}
472:  Yeah there's some all kinds of fish, most in the freshwater. Different names. Uh bream and two or three kinds of bream I believe. The really the best kind I like to catch is them big old bull bream.
Interviewer:  Bull bream. Yeah, where they uh {NW} if you ain't got your boat anchored, they'll pull it around
472:  #1 you know? #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # {NW}
472:  That's
Interviewer:  They're a pretty good-sized fish.
472:  You better believe it.
Interviewer:  Pretty strong.
472:  And mean {X} Last year year before last I believe it was, was up there fishing, he came at the uh nice place. And we hung a big one. I don't know what it was. It was big. And they pulled uh the end of the boat around, I said well what in the world is coming up here? And uh he said that's one of them big old bull bream. And I pulled him on up make sure it was
Interviewer:  Goodness.
472:  and it was caught some of them big old bull bream. And but anyway I'm I like to catch any kind of fish. Just to feel him pull on the line, you know?
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Yeah. I got me a rod and reel now and I learned how to use that and I really enjoying that line and reel.
Interviewer:  Those bull bream pretty good eating fish?
472:  Yeah. I had one uh yesterday. The ladies had some fish over here and they brought me over one and uh it's all I could eat. one fish, he was so big.
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah? #
472:  #2 Bream. #
Interviewer:  Goodness. {NS}
472:  Yeah. {X} mess. {X}
Interviewer:  What about bass or trout or any
472:  Yeah. Trout. Bass. A lot of them. A lot of them. {NS} But you know all all kinds of fish is not near as many of them now as they used to be.
Interviewer:  Huh.
472:  They um I don't know if sometimes somebody says they put them they done go in the frying pan.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  #1 You know? #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  {NW} #1 But #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah #
472:  anyhow there's certain spots you can go and catch more of them. But they're not as plentiful as they used to be. {C: tapping sound} Catfish {D: the faster} you can go out there now, put you out a line and you don't catch so many of them. You just catch one every now and then.
Interviewer:  Is that right? {NS}
472:  Yeah. It is, just think about it. {X}
Interviewer:  I wonder why.
472:  I don't know. I was down on the river here been two years, yeah they're three years ago now, down there in the boat one day and I saw a catfish yes there's gonna be a story now that
Interviewer:  #1 It's alright #
472:  #2 you can hardly # believe.
Interviewer:  {D: Okay.}
472:  I had a trot line out. {C: clears throat} Kept a-losing the hooks, not only the bait but the hooks and uh so it was rough that day, ought not to been out there in the boat but I was. And so I looked over to the right and somebod- some means another and I saw a catfish, yellow cat. He came up out of the water, he stuck his back of his head and uh that big fin on his back come up out of the water and his head was big as a foot tub.
Interviewer:  Goodness gracious.
472:  And uh your- and his uh length of him, I saw the length of him and you couldn't hardly put him in a pick-up truck and he would've stayed in there.
Interviewer:  Where was this now? On the river?
472:  On Kennesaw River. And that just uh I'm just seeing now, coming up out of that water, I mean he just in big big waves, you know and he he just happened to get too close to the top I reckon or he saw me and come up, something, I don't know why. {NW} I'm glad he went the other way.
Interviewer:  Did he looked like a whale, didn't he?
472:  #1 He he sure did but it was a #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  fish I know. #1 Real big. #
Interviewer:  #2 Goodness. #
472:  I know a catfish, yeah {D: a cat}
Interviewer:  I've heard of a very big catfish around dams you know
472:  Well there's seventy-five and eighty pound ones been caught on that river.
Interviewer:  Wow.
472:  Yeah. I've caught them thirty and forty pounds
Interviewer:  Woo.
472:  myself.
Interviewer:  Boy, that's
472:  #1 Now that's a big #
Interviewer:  #2 a big #
472:  fish. It is. Really. Uh one day there was a fellow came down there and colored man and his wife I reckon. He said well let's go and catch us some fish, I said okay and I rent him a boat, no charge him a boat, he had a boat. I charged him so much to put the boat over and it went on over across the river and I noticed the motor went bad and it tied up to one of them ships over there. From behind the ship. And the way up in the day they come out from behind that ship and they were just the boat was just going about and I said wonder what they're doing over and they hollered to me and I had a lot of uh company at that that time and I didn't have enough of that little old motor. I said well they's still in the boat. I got to do this and I went ahead then and after a while they hollered again. And I still didn't get to go so they eventually they had caught a big fish on a rod and reel and uh they come they eventually put them in the boat and they come on back paddling over there and said we told you we was gonna get some fish. We took him out and I took the hook out of his mouth and I said how about weighing this fish? Yeah. And I put him on a scale and he just exactly weighed twenty-five pounds. And caught on a rod and reel. Twenty-five pound yellow cat.
Interviewer:  I bet he had a good fight on his hands.
472:  {X} He did! That's what's carrying that boat about out there
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 with him. #
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {NW} But I thought it was safe sitting in the boat you know {X} I didn't. I thought she was gonna paddle over {X}
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And {D: what's the} {X} {NW} Okay. We really had some {X} {NW} We wanted to keep the fish. They're so pretty. No sir said I won't have a lot of pictures made of that fish. {NS} Well that train's gonna knock us out. {X} Seven. It had seven units to it.
Interviewer:  {X} the train had seven engines?
472:  Seven engines going that way.
Interviewer:  Really?
472:  Seven engines. One came by last night going south, had five units I love the railroad but it's a lot of racket yeah.
Interviewer:  It sure is.
472:  Come right in my little window.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Off of my head.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {NW} But I still love the railroad.
Interviewer:  I used to like it well I still do but especially when I was a lot younger?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Just sit down there at the station and watch the trains go by.
472:  Uh-huh. Yeah.
Interviewer:  It was a lot of fun?
472:  Yeah. Watch the wheels roll. I hope though that I never see a wreck here close by because they have so much uh poison on them in them tanks, you know? Stuff they haul in those tanks, some of it's bad.
Interviewer:  There's been a lot of trains that derail in Alabama lately.
472:  Yeah, there have. Been one or two down in Pensacola {X} But I I believe somebody picked them is where I still believe somebody picked them down there is what I hear.
Interviewer:  I wonder why anybody would wanna do that.
472:  Oh {D: darning} boys, you know I was talking to you the other day when you was here about you was lucky to get by by yourself.
Interviewer:  {D: But}
472:  Why it's not th- all that bad around here but it is from Mobile back y'all on backing up Plenty of towns. And uh {NW} so it's pretty rough around close to here about robbing {D: men} Go in there and robbing them.
Interviewer:  Even in a town as small as Bay Minette?
472:  Yeah. Yeah they doing that here. {X} and then having to catch them around. {D: around}
Interviewer:  {X} Sad.
472:  I had my mother's old wash pots, {D: y'all know in that big old?}
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And uh somebody come along and got hit one night.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Sure did.
Interviewer:  You didn't get it back?
472:  No. Didn't get it back. And uh me and the boy went and checked on him, but we didn't, we went to one of them antique places between here and Mobile and across the way. Well we tried to find him {D: but} it was busted down one side maybe they {D: hoped just to get a good pot} they might've throwed it away, mi-
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  But it was busted one side. I just wouldn't have took pretty for it you know because my mother's old wash pot. And she n- I don't know where she got it. How long did she have it? {D: For a time} I reckon.
Interviewer:  Over where?
472:  All of her life probably she had that wash pot. And I I sure hated that. Well I just prayed for proud faith and asked God to forgive whoever got it, you know? Because we it's gonna come against them judgment day if they don't come and repent. I mean ask for forgive that's what I'm trying to say.
Interviewer:  Well those wash pots uh pretty rare nowadays, aren't they?
472:  Yeah, they are. Uh-huh. Um about fifteen to thirty-five dollars apiece last time I heard.
Interviewer:  {D: What'd it been for} {X} {NS}
472:  Uh {NW} just to put all the clothes in, clean clothes in. And then when they'd kill hogs, cook out the fat that hadn't been in {X} {D: I didn't} fix your wash pot, it'll cook out the fat, you can {D: wash them others.}
Interviewer:  Well that's good.
472:  Yeah. {D: Get to log.}
Interviewer:  Were all those wash pots about the same size or
472:  No they're different {D: course} this is a small one my mother had about that uh I got one big one out there now, what they call a big one. But then they still make them bigger than the one I got. I use that one out there {X} I have my washtubs. Washboard and uh {NW} all I do my washing right out there. Stay at home all the time, I never go to no commu- no laundry mat. Iron my own clothes and
Interviewer:  You always have that?
472:  Yeah, at the house well since I moved here where I'm at I {X} but I've started up again. {C: train passing} I've been through {D: the town} now, buy me another iron. {NS}
Interviewer:  Is that right?
472:  Yeah. {NS} Uh called a steam iron?
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Smart mens getting smart, ain't they?
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Yeah
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I had to do my laundry for a you know when I was away at school.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I never did enjoy that very much.
472:  No. Wa- what bums me, I have to do my cooking and my housework and the yard work and the garden work. How about that?
Interviewer:  Uh it keeps you busy.
472:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  #1 {D: Somebody says} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # {X}
472:  oh you retired? I said that's what they call me
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 but I # said it's I'm just a don't go to work. {NW}
Interviewer:  Oh me.
472:  It's begin to work.
Interviewer:  #1 {D: You know} #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  a lot of people when when they're when they retired complained about being bored you know.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 Well that's what it is you know. # Well I Now I have to say this too I believe them mostly kind may be uh the not got enough laid away you know and the little to handout to get is appreciate that but they ain't got enough to buy and splurge on you know like uh and they have to stay in.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Well I'll tell you, if I had to stay in my little house or right here somewhere and not never do nothing I'd just feel like I was in jail all the time. And you know according to the Bible that that's wrong! Of course God I don't uh I don't believe God loves a lazy person. What thou hand tries to do do quickly. That's right. And so uh I'm glad that I found out about the Bible way uh when I did. Sorry that I never found out about it before I did you see. In my old age now I know more how to handle myself by God's holy scriptures. And uh when one or two of us can get together and talk it all over, well that's my heart because we can have one or the other you see. The Bible speaks a lot about your fellow man. We can be good to our fellow man and uh if he does us something wrong, we must pray for him you see. And uh ask God to have mercy and spare him what you will until he repents or whatever he does now you see. And if he just keeps on and dies in his sin well uh he he just don't realize or something or don't want to because he's headed for a burning hell. According to the Bible.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And and it grieves my heart to know that someone's there on that road and won't turn. Won't surrender to the Lord. And do the way the Lord wants them to. So it's it's a a real big blessing to me t- that I found out when I did and repented and turned to the Lord where that I can uh treat my fellow man right. You know the love of God's {D: friend spread it about} in the man's heart will because a multitude of sin within. But then you have something to love your fellow man with. You have the pure love which the Bible talks about. And I believe I can take my Bible and show you three degrees of love uh that the Bible speaks about uh and prove it by the Bible. Uh but ` one but one of them that was working at the they might say and the Samaritan story you know, in the Bible?
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  You remember uh we may talk this a little bit if you don't mind.
Interviewer:  Go ahead.
472:  Uh the Samaritan story. One man come along you know this man beaten down on the road. Almost to death. and one came along and looked at him on one side the Bible said went on. Well he had a little {X} for him and see what it all about and then went on and another come along on the other side and done the same way. He went on. But the third one came along stopped his beast the Bible said uh at least he got down and and examined him and saw he was in need. He took him on his beast and carried him to a what we call a ho- what we call a hospital now. He carried him to a place of safety. And he didn't have I believe the Bible says but a penny. And he paid him to- give him that and told him says go ahead and take care of him and I'll I'll pay the rest when I come back. You know that's great. Boy it just churns my heart to think about it, how sweet that man was to that poor man was beaten. And uh that's what we must do, that's the kinda way we must treat our fellow man.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  To have advantage I mean to um be on God's side. If we can't do something for our fellow man would then we just poor people, we just we just don't do our duty if we don't help our fellow man.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And and and that's the reason why I said I believe I could take my Bible and prove it to you that what what one one of them men had the love of God in his heart enough that uh he done something about it. Uh let's see uh
Interviewer:  You said you were a Seventh-Day Adventist?
472:  Yeah. Seventh-Day Adventist.
Interviewer:  But you haven't always?
472:  No, uh-uh, I've changed up {NW} several times.
Interviewer:  {NW} Tell me about that.
472:  Oh. Wow. That's a good story.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {NW} {NS} Well the first church I ever gone to was a Latter-Day Saint Latter-Day Saint church. Okay, I was {X} I was baptized to it when I was young. And uh my father and mother and all of us we joined those traveling elders it was at that time.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Traveling elders. We called them Mormons. All right. And then I moved from that to Holiness and since they come about and they uh so much trouble and everything you know there's been separating in the Holiness Movement too.
Interviewer:  I hadn't heard about that.
472:  You hadn't. Well all right I can show you right quick. Uh you're looking to different kind of churches of God and they Holiness Movement in many other way. There's several, all kind, don't know them all. But these the main one of the whole shebang is Free Holiness, see? Free Holiness.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  That means a holy lot And uh if you not got if you're not free in the Lord, that's what Free Holiness is all about. Being free in the Lord as we just talked about the story you know. To help our fellow man.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And if you haven't got the Free Holiness in your heart already well th-there ain't no way for you to do good to your neighbor, you know, fellow man. Now uh so I moved from uh the Holiness Movement. I moved twice {D: then it} Because the ones that baptized me in the Holiness Movement I didn't think I had the right kind of baptism. And I didn't. {D: I was} baptized by the wrong person. I needed to be baptized by one higher in the Lord. So I did find one in the Holiness Movement was higher in the Lord. And I was baptized by him again. All right well that was three baptisms right there. When I was a child I was born {X} {D: Or I} twice {X} That's three. Or I've since I've become to find the Seventh-Day Adventist Movement and uh come into that I saw something in there that I didn't have that I needed. {D: Read about} To make {NW} the whole picture I'd call it come out right. And so after I studied the message I uh found out that I was short of that. Okay. And I wanted to be baptized into this movement. And they said well {NW} you wanna you can be you've done been baptized said you you's {X} but I said yeah but that ain't what I look at. I said I found out this movement do keeping all ten of the commandments all the way and I says that's the onliest place I know in the Bible that God wrote with his fingers and I says I would like to uh I would like to be baptized again. But I still wanna be baptized in the creek. And the brothers talked to him, in the end he said water is water! And he says we have a pool here at the church says we can baptize you right here Brother Richardson, put you under the water. And he says that'd be it. I sa- I said okay. And so I was baptized into the movement of this of the uh Seventh-Day Adventists. And I'll have to tell you this, I mean I'd like to
Interviewer:  Sure.
472:  I haven't been to the building, nary a time, at least twenty years I belonged to the {X} But what I'd hadn't had a blessing of the Lord. And the blessing of the Lord came through study of his word. It's one of the most sweetest lessons that I've ever run into in my life. I uh I just can't hardly wait from one sabbath to the other because it's so great. And you get the Bible come to you put to you. In other words I know the life I'm a-living by the uh teacher that we have. And bringing your scriptures. And that helps me there, especially just read them myself. And uh well there's two or three gathered together in his name, if there ain't many with them Oh He's there. The Bible says that and I believe that. All right now then and and I'm happy that I made this movement. And I do not and don't believe that I'll ever find any other thing higher for me to belong to as far as movement on the church which we might say. I don't believe there's nary another one under the sun that I'll ever find any more greater and any more close by uh the powers of God than this movement. Now don't get me wrong, we still in the flesh and blood and subject to backslide. Amen. That's right. And the word teaches me that God is married to the backslider. Amen. All right. Well if he's married to the backslider then you've still got a chance providing {NS} providing you don't sin against the Holy Ghost. To do that you've sinned today. Amen.
Interviewer:  So these {C: clears throat} when you made these changes from one church to the other it was just a matter of finding something
472:  Better. Better. Well I come in by a vision. Woo Praise the Lord. I came in by a vision. I was I was so thrilled when I was with the Free Holiness Movement that I just wanted everything that God had in storehouse for me. It's a load in my heart is {X} {NS} Will God give me a dream and a reason. And I had the vision and I saw a table full of Bibles square table full of brand new Bibles Holy Bibles laying on this table. And as a vision for me somewhat around three years. Every time I meet you or anybody else and talk about salvation and bring it up there was that table full of Bibles right before my eyes. Black Bibles. Well Well that was really something for me, and I was just longing to know what it was all about, see? Or when I met a brother and up here on the street in Bay Minette and his name happened to be uh uh say {X}
Interviewer:  Do you remember his name?
472:  Uh {B} He was {D: may} He come to me one day I mean we met him on the street I did and he commenced talking salvation to me and asked me something about my soul, one thing or another and there was them Bibles/ And you know what? I says you know what? I said the Lord revealed to me that I need a Bible study and get closer to him. Oh! He says. Lee, he says, if that's what you want said you come up to the house and me and the wife and family will give you a Bible study. I said, you will? He said, yes, I will, Lee. And I said, well when can I come? He says, you come at the weekend. I meant the weekend. I said well I'll be up there this weekend then. Come on Sunday night, I believe it was Sunday. And we had a Bible study uh no we didn't have a Bible study to start with. He had some uh tapes. Played he says, now Lee, he says start with uh Mister {B} said start with he says let me play you these tapes, said we've got our message on these tapes. And he says, {D: now why don't we} play them uh these messages says you gonna you're gonna see then and understand when we take the Bible says you gonna find out this is all true. Well, I said, that's a help. Yeah! He says, it's a he- it'll be a help to you. {D: You best} And so he played them tapes about two or three times, I think {NS} at different times, you know. And we'd take the Bible and go in there, me and him would at the kitchen. His kitchen. And we sat down and have a Bible study. And I just loved that. So {NS} he'd bring right around to the points and uh the Bible would talk to me you know out of the Bible and I began to see something or another that I didn't have uh I saw uh rest day coming up which is the seventh sabbath day or the seventh day of the week. But it was coming in on me and I saw the saw it was that. And he says he said, what you s- I said, I see something, he said, what you see Brother {X} Richardson? Uh I said I see two rest days I said, the Bible says there's another rest day {X} What my parents always read about all the time you know. Well they say {X} they didn't know. Help me Lord, and so uh {NW} And he said what you gonna do about that now? I said well all I see to do Brother Wi- uh u- {B} I said I want devil I says I'm gonna keep both days. And I was just as happy as a lark the old saying is. And I come home that night feeling about an hour ahead in my life. And but I couldn't get away from sermons. I didn't see no way, didn't see he said you're coming on back instead of with Mr. Moore. I said I'll be back boy till you say yeah, I said yeah yes sir. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  I came back and after a while I saw where there wasn't but one precious rest day but man on earth and not for one man but the whole universe On God's green earth! And it's truth. By the Bible and so I'd rather follow the Bible than man. {NW} So that's where I {D: typed on me} where I'm at.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  I've been happy that I did ever since because it's the truth all the way. There's no way around it. I used to hear them say that it was hear 'em s- in the Free Holiness sang a little song about too high to go over, too low to go on. Too big to go around, you must go in at the door. And I found the door, I believe with all my heart. I found a door. The right door. And I went in. And I been in ever since. It's great, can't hardly talk about it. It's one of the best movements I've ever been in in my life. Now we got, don't get me wrong we got people that's neglected. Me I guess for one of them. I'm not near as close as I need to be to Jesus and I never will be I reckon. {NW} I tell you if I get if I can if I can just make it like {D: Phoenix and Heller} drop it to {X} what is it? Uh transform, transfer then I'd be getting real close to Jesus then. Although I can come to be fully preserved both soul and body, not to become to be perfect, let's call it which is heaven is perfect. I'm on my way and that's all I can tell you. I ain't made it there yet. I'm on my way. I'm doing all I know to do. I'm a-trying to do all I know to do, I say it {D: like that} There's nothing I can do within myself. It's all in the Lord you know.
Interviewer:  What does uh sabbath mean exactly to a Seventh-Day Adventist?
472:  Sabbath. It's the seventh day of the {NS} week.
Interviewer:  Which is?
472:  Which is Saturday. Seventh day of the week. Uh according to the Bible Sunday is the first day of the week. I don't know how many of these darn preachers have told me {X} Yeah, yeah, Sunday is the first day of the week but they're not doing nothing about it. Said or I don't think they are.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  In heart they may be, I don't know your heart. I just know the three-bodied group {D: too bad} Woo! Praise the Lord! And that's all I know. But if you're treating your fellow man right and you doing what you know to do good then I can see your fruit without that {X} That's right.
Interviewer:  Did you always go to church pretty regularly even when you were real young?
472:  Uh yeah, my parents had always taught me to go to uh church. They never went much, we never had lived close to there, close to churches all our life yeah it was got a big yard. And more more we got it big enough, more we could see and know things and they'd carry us to mostly to Sunday school and I learned Sunday school and I loved Sunday school {X} Because that's where I gather, {D: that driver's grown} and become to be a Christian. I'd gather more out of Sunday school than I would I'm preaching, I still gather more out of the sabbath school in our church now than I do really the preacher Mostly it's good, mainly good. But I I've still gathered more out of that sabbath school. And I just love Sunday school, I'm gonna teach these other churches, I do I'm {D: the best teacher in} this big church up here especially. Bay Minette?
Interviewer:  Which was is that?
472:  Uh Baptist. Baptist church. Well I call it the big church you know, it's a big it is more members there than anywhere I know of. {D: this way}
Interviewer:  How many people belong to the Seventh-Day Adventists in town?
472:  In town?
Interviewer:  Yes.
472:  Well I would might say just about a handful. Just about twenty. {NS} Uh between twenty and twenty-five, maybe.
Interviewer:  Do you have your own church building?
472:  Yeah. Yes sir. Right up there on Stone Street If you're ever around here on the sabbath about quarter-till-ten, you ought to come up. {D: Settlers}
Interviewer:  I'd like to. You say you have some sort of preparation time uh you were telling me about last week? On a Friday?
472:  Yeah. Preparation Day, that's our according to the Bible that's Preparation Day.
Interviewer:  Everybody does that.
472:  We get ready. For the sundown. Especially I I might work 'til twelve oh clock. And then I I um I wanna knock off then and go make the preparations for them. Come sundown. Because we believe with all our heart sabbath starts on sundown right here. {C: exterior speech} Right in {NS} uh we go then uh doing our choices in the Lord {NS} until {C: exterior audio} {X} I just wanna {NS}
Interviewer:  Were both of your um parents uh uh Mormon?
472:  Mormons, yeah.
Interviewer:  {D: Okay} That's interesting. Let's se- did you go uh to a a little country school in Stockton or whereabouts did you go to school when you were growing up?
472:  Well we called it what it wa- it was a it was a pretty big school. Had three teachers at that time. Oh had three tu- teachers. Two men teachers, one woman teacher. {X} the woman teacher, her name was uh uh Mrs. uh {B} {NW}
Interviewer:  Yes sir. {NS}
472:  That was her name. She sure was a good one. She didn't have but one eye but bless her heart, she could see things going on.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  Kept those old boys straight, you know?
Interviewer:  #1 She #
472:  #2 yeah #
Interviewer:  didn't have much trouble with you, did she?
472:  Well not a {D: great deal} Well I've been kind of a quiet fellow all of my life. But I hadn't ever you know I just hadn't ever repented to the Lord like I needed to. A moral life won't tell you that to how good you try to be within yourself. {C: exterior speech} {X} it holds thick so not to be {X} {NS} And uh you go with a proper heart. You go with a mind to find me a man out there on the street. I don't condemn that man even if he's staggering of whiskey and I won't condemn him. Uh-uh, I love him. And I could make him love him harder. And then I uh {NS} {NS} I do my best to appease anywhere I said he is mine and it won't be long before I have something coming to him that he needs to know about, you see.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  I have the Bible, I have bring bring up some words it'll be he'll be pleased with {X} God's Spirit, that's the way it is. You don't slam nothing in your face that tell you you's going to hell or I didn't know where to do it {X} and if you if you got God's love, you won't do that. I ain't sure {NS} I have heard of them just you're on your way to hell. All it is. But if you're just be calm and wait on the Lord. He'll {X} speak to the man, woman, girl, or boy, whoever you're talking to. Sure will. {NS}
Interviewer:  How far along were you able to get in school?
472:  Third grade. Um just about finished up the third grade. I have enough education that I can read my Bible and some in newspapers and almanacs. And uh if I get all {X} bus to get way off where I couldn't get back, I could {NS} I could write in in a enough good enough in a letter to let you know. Send me some money or come get me.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  I could do that, you see. And I appreciate that. I can write a letter and I appreciate that.
Interviewer:  Did you have to stop school to help out with your parents work #1 or something like that? #
472:  #2 {NW} # We just never did live close enough to school for us to go to.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Back way back in the country. Almost all the time. And uh so we moved up at Stockton and we come to Stockton school from over in there and then we all lived there too. We went to one or two more of them schools but never did learn {X} His tire got on the road you see. And then we come to Stockton {D: but we learnt} most {X}
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  By that schedule.
Interviewer:  You were telling me last week about this senior citizens group you're in?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What is that exactly? Is that uh
472:  #1 It's a kind #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  of a club!
Interviewer:  Do you have a name?
472:  Oh yeah? uh it's it's just called Senior Citizen Club and uh it's just a movement of people um and we have donations to us, well since there's a bus And we have a bus to ride on. They furnished our bus to ride on. And it's all free. And uh they pay in so much to stay in the club. Now our expense a month is only fifty cents apiece.
Interviewer:  That's not bad at all.
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  I think I could afford that.
472:  Yeah. Alright well now I told him to te- to not to tell you this but there ain't nobody hardly but what hands them a dollar once a month. And from that on up {X} {X} Alright? And I heard the leader say this past time that we must watch out, we was getting about twenty-five or thirty dollars ahead and we were gonna take this here money {NW} and we gonna go to the uh to the offering home.
Interviewer:  To the what?
472:  To the offering homes? Uh homes that's in need
Interviewer:  #1 Right. #
472:  #2 you know? # Uh veterans? We go there. And uh trips there. And we take this money overplus and we buy a uh stuff for them. Whatever we think they need. And the ladies are leading by uh some clothes for some of the folks that need if they find it out. And you know they do that. Uh well anyhow we spend this money to the glory of God, we call that the glory of God and it is. To help our fellow man. And the leader spoke to us last time that we needed to do something about that, I thought that was so great. Anyway have twenty-something twenty-three in our club this time. Now that's a bunch of
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  enjoy that?
472:  Oh lord, yeah and it's just a clean {X} {NS} that's uh let's see a a Latter-Day Saint church. It is just tremendous, I go up there to meetings. I hadn't been up there though in a good while but I'm going to go back up there hear them talk some too.
Interviewer:  Have you ever been in in any other kind of club besides this one?
472:  No. This is the only club I've ever gone to. It- it's called a club, yeah. {X} a club, only one I ever want to gone to so far. As I know about of course I find out about the Bible too much i- society's not good and of course I've learned Jesus's way and I'd rather not get into too much of society. All I go for this is because I get to travel. And look at God's nature. And see the great waters {D: wriggling} off to the gul -gulf.
Interviewer:  To where?
472:  We go a lots down to the Gulf. We're going down to uh Boat Walton Beach this next trip.
Interviewer:  Oh really?
472:  This coming this coming Tuesday week we'll be on another trip. We'll be going down to Boat Walton Beach, as far as we know.
Interviewer:  That oughta be fun.
472:  It will.
Interviewer:  Have you been there before?
472:  Yeah. One time. I always wanted to go back. To see the sights and {X} You've been down there?
Interviewer:  Uh it's been a long time. Yeah I've been down there before. You like the beaches and all?
472:  Oh yeah. That's {X} The great water. {X} on the waters the Bible says and it will return.
472:  Yeah we traveled lots and um but when we hit the old saying is when we hit the ground we uh pull out for some of them museums to see.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Yeah. I walk the beach sometime I walk the beach.
Interviewer:  That's nice.
472:  Yeah just man bog up in that sand some of the
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  folks oh I'm gonna leave my shoes at the bus. Didn't get the sand in 'em you know. {X} oh we just have a ball. {NW} See when I
Interviewer:  Well have you ever in your lifetime have you ever traveled around very much or have you stayed
472:  Never have. Always just round you might say Bay Minette and Stockton. Course I've been out a pretty good piece but I haven't even been to New Orleans yet but I've been uh to Mississippi all up and down Mississippi.
Interviewer:  Is that the state or the river?
472:  It's the river.
Interviewer:  So you were on a
472:  #1 on this #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # for work or
472:  No we traveled on this bus.
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
472:  We'd take the uh trips over there and uh go to them places that uh {NS} them big eating places {X} and enjoy seeing a lot of people and uh being with 'em {D: and} and the rest {X}
Interviewer:  {X} How many uh have you ever how many states would you say you've been in? Or which states have you been in besides Alabama?
472:  I've never been out of Alabama.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 Well # in Mississippi.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 The State of # Mississippi. That's the only one that I remember. The State of Florida yeah.
Interviewer:  You've been in Florida? Florida Mississippi and Alabama. That's the only place. I've never traveled {X} Have you ever been to any of the the bigger cities in any of those states?
472:  {X} uh no. Uh Montgomery. I've been to Montgomery and around and I've been to uh Pensacola Mobile and I hadn't never been to New Orleans yet.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  We had a lot of folks from New Orleans to visit us this weekend.
Interviewer:  Oh really?
472:  This {X}
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
472:  And we just enjoy 'em hear 'em talk about New Orleans. Uh they say it's pretty good sight to go over there sightseeing. Other words we call ourselves sightseeing you know
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  when we leave out. And that's mostly what it is and we get to enjoy seeing different things God has created you know? Down on the beach even we find out that there's uh what they call beach rice down there.
Interviewer:  #1 Beach #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  rice?
472:  Beach rice.
Interviewer:  I've never heard of that what does that look like?
472:  It's a {D: tossle} thing hangs down grows on that sand. A {D: tossle} thing well it's got it's got uh goodies in it. uh for the birds and animals. {X} And uh I got a leaf {X} what the house.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  And they don't they forbid you to bother this Say I don't know how the people got a hold to this that gave this to me. But they forbid you to strictly against the la
Interviewer:  Huh.
472:  to bother these things. You know. {X} So uh I did have to get hold to this. And um so we see that and we see a lots of things that new to our eyes I have a bean over there to the house about that big around. It looks just like a lima bean. Or it looks like a butter bean. It's growed like it and it grows down there in Florida below Pensacola down
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  on the beach that's where I got it. One of the {X} and I already got a bunch of 'em. Anybody that ever s- anybody that sees it wants it.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  And if I had any {X} I could've planted that thing and the raised any out here on the land you better believe I would have. It's a beautiful bean.
Interviewer:  Huh.
472:  Big as a it's big as a fifty-cent piece I reckon.
Interviewer:  Really?
472:  Yeah {X}
Interviewer:  What kind of what kind of uh beans do you grow around here?
472:  Oh we just grow uh bunch of beans {NW} and uh {NS} running beans {NS} well we have a running butter bean we have a running bunch uh butter bean and a bunch of other beans. We have both of them. And we have bunch of beans and running bunch of beans.
Interviewer:  {D: Right.}
472:  Four different kinds {C: background speech}
Interviewer:  Did you ever just sit on the porch with a great big uh pan of 'em and have to those butter beans?
472:  You should have been here in the first third a part of the summer Well we have shelled butter beans on this porch and let me tell you something about this {X} with a bu- butter bean. Not only butter beans but peas and all kind of vegetables you might say and we have some good friends here that owns a market. Uh me produce in other words they peddle vegetables. And these vegetables some of 'em just bruise such as peaches and pears or apples or whatever they have and uh they hate to throw away the good ones parts of 'em away. They'd bring 'em here and dump 'em on this porch. And me and the ladies takes care of 'em and other people would call and they'd come and help us to buy 'em and don't throw anything away that's worth that can be eaten. And so that's the way we had all this porch it's it's it's a wonderful place for that you know.
Interviewer:  Yeah I like front porches a lot of these newer houses don't have 'em.
472:  No that's right. It's sorta like some of the cars you don't step up on the fender you just step {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # You sure don't. {NW} {NW}
472:  {NW} That's right.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Woo Modern days with these let's see modern days with
Interviewer:  What else do people around here grow in their gardens beside beans?
472:  They grow corn and uh pumpkins. You should've seen the pumpkins that I raised two years ago I believe it is. I raised two pumpkins and they come down from the um um printing office. New Orleans Times come down and take pictures. {NS} Of me and the pumpkins
Interviewer:  Had some pretty good ones did you?
472:  Well yeah! I raised two special One of 'em weighed fifty-six.
Interviewer:  Goodness gracious.
472:  And the other one weighs I believe sixty something pound.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  I mean they was whopping. They was big ones I couldn't pick 'em up.
Interviewer:  When they get that big are they still good to eat?
472:  Oh yeah Yeah you can I I took 'em out there and butchered 'em on that table. Uh-huh. Took me a saw. Sawed 'em open.
Interviewer:  {NW} Is that what it'd take?
472:  Yeah I sawed 'em open and sawed 'em up where the ladies could get 'em. {X} I still got some of the seed down there
Interviewer:  Oh.
472:  {NS} {X}
Interviewer:  So you grow beans and corn and pumpkins anything else?
472:  Yeah. Gourds we grow we have a gourd family there too. {X} We raised some gourds out- outside.
Interviewer:  That's not exactly the same as squash is it?
472:  No. A gourd is something other just for the birds Uh and get a bird mess. {X} and make dippers out of 'em. You can make dippers out of 'em. People used to use 'em for dippers back yonder way back yonder. And I I have one over at the house or two and it sure is useful.
Interviewer:  Do you ever grow squash?
472:  Squash? Yeah We growed 'em this year. Grow squash. Mushmelons. {NS} And uh cucumbers. {NS} {X} {NS} Grow cucumbers. Most anything. Fit's the line it can grow in the garden. I don't know of anything that won't make {X} and the vegetables. Almost everything will make it.
Interviewer:  Do you grow any other kind of melon besides mushmelon?
472:  No. No I don't think we do.
Interviewer:  You don't have any watermelon? A a water- watermelons and mushmelons yeah. {NS} Watermelons and mushmelons what we grow. {NS} Is the mushmelon the same thing as a cantaloupe?
472:  No. They're different. A cantaloupe is I believe it's {D: male stone} {X} Mushmelon. Mostly they taste good. I like them more than mushmelons
Interviewer:  {NS} What about tomatoes you grow those? {NS}
472:  {X} {NS} {NS} and we don't even have to do that now. The ladies sell them tomatoes they have fruit got to do the other fruit. And they bring here and let us can 'em or make juice out of 'em.
Interviewer:  You ever seen any type of tomato growing around here the {X}
472:  Tommy toes.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Yeah. Yeah we we can grow them too. {X} You know I think a tommy toe tomato is made from uh a big tomato. I think it's more or less the like you pulled it seed out yonder and it grows in the trash? Comes up if it don't make a tommy toe that year. If that seed stays there the third year you got a tommy toe to bush. A tommy toe tomato bush now I believe that's the way the tommy toes gets here
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  I see. {NS}
472:  And that's that's where the tommy toes tomato comes from. And you know I learned uh there's two different kinds of them tommy toes. Some of 'em's a little bitty round one and some of 'em's a little long one like a pear shape.
Interviewer:  Oh.
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  I hadn't seen that one.
472:  Yeah. That's wh- {X} They good too. Yeah. I've saw 'em like that. Pear-shaped. {NS}
Interviewer:  Do people grow these little red hard hot tasting vegetables uh
472:  Peppers
Interviewer:  Peppers
472:  Woo {NW) Yeah Yeah
Interviewer:  You like to eat those?
472:  No.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Um I d- I take 'em out put 'em in vinegar I mean the long pods I got some in vinegar. And use the vinegar. My beans these collards and uh {X}
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  What about a radish? Do they grow around here?
472:  Yeah radishes. I can't think all of them vegetables we can grow. {X} Turnips and mustard {NW} {NW} Collards. {NS} That's the main thing. Turnips mustards and collards in the green line
Interviewer:  All those are different?
472:  And I raised some spinach this year.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
472:  I raised some spinach. See what it's all about you know? {NS} {X}
Interviewer:  What about uh okra?
472:  Yeah. Made okra. {X} We got a beautiful row out there now.
Interviewer:  Of what?
472:  Beautiful row of okra out there now.
Interviewer:  Oh I see. {X} have any luck with uh leafy vegetables?
472:  Yeah we do. We have nice {X} leafy vegetables.
Interviewer:  What are you able to grow?
472:  Well we we grow mustard and collards, and turnips, {NS} and lettuce. And uh spinach. And you know carrots go in the root part with 'em
Interviewer:  What
472:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 about #
472:  rutabagas.
Interviewer:  Right. Any cabbage?
472:  Ca- yeah cabbage. I can't think of all that. Cabbage.
Interviewer:  Well you y'all just grow a lotta stuff don't you?
472:  Yeah we grow a lot. Now I reckon you might like for me to set a seal on my part of that growing. I'm an organic man.
Interviewer:  Oh.
472:  Yeah. Organic.
Interviewer:  What does that mean exactly?
472:  It means there's no poison damage No commercial.
Interviewer:  You don't use fertilizer?
472:  Not too much. And uh {NS} {NW} and organic means {NS} away from all {X} {NS} {X} {NS} A barnyard it was just a barnyard. Sheep. {X} {NS} chickens also. {NS} {D: there} {NS} And I been lucky to do that up 'til this year. I didn't have much stuff this year about getting barn uh {NS} {X} But I used cotton seed {X} it leaves more and a little barnyard I had this year but not much. Just a little. I'd rather have more if I can get it
Interviewer:  Yes sir. Well if you u- you don't spray or anything like that?
472:  Very little if any. I use uh oak ashes. Or dogwood ashes. Or to keep the pests off. {NS}
Interviewer:  Those ashes will keep 'em away?
472:  Yeah. You know lye and oak ashes. You can't put much on {X}
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Uh early in the morning when the dew's on and you put this on there to keep the bugs away. And you put just have to learn how to put just a small amount and watch the vegetables when it grows. I just {NS} put {NS} my vegetables out early so the won't bugs won't pester 'em. My early vegetables.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And that helps too you know.
Interviewer:  Right. I see. Well where abouts uh was your father born? Was he born up in that same area?
472:  Yeah. Yeah. Yeah and uh in old Quincy they call it.
Interviewer:  Quincy?
472:  Yeah. Quincy.
Interviewer:  Is that a little community?
472:  Yeah. Yeah it's a community.
Interviewer:  Is that close to Stockton?
472:  Yeah. Just a little piece out from Stockton, not that far. {NS} Close to Quincy.
Interviewer:  Just a few miles away I guess?
472:  Right.
Interviewer:  Was uh were you born in Quincy or Stockton?
472:  I was born in Stockton. In an old field right up there just to the right of the highway above Stockton. Nineteen three.
Interviewer:  Beg your pardon?
472:  Nineteen three.
Interviewer:  I see. What about your mother where was she from?
472:  She was born in Conecuh County. {X} right up uh beside girl she come to Borden She she she uh {NS} didn't live and die here she lived and and died in a hospital. {X} up in uh now let's see {X} I don't know what county. Monroe I reckon. She died in a hospital up there. {NS} And um but she was born in Conecuh County but she come to this county after she was born.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Was your mother a housewife?
472:  {X} and my mother was a nurse uh {NS}
Interviewer:  She was a what? {NS}
472:  A nurse.{D: Granny}nurse. {NS}
Interviewer:  Oh is that right?
472:  Yeah. She was a granny nurse.
Interviewer:  What does that mean?
472:  That means uh take the babies instead of a doctor. That old {X} And had uh have a granny woman to do these things. And that's what she did. And her stepmother was a granny wife too. Stepmother.
Interviewer:  Is a granny woman the same thing as a midwife?
472:  Well that's what I'm trying to say. Uh-huh. Yeah. Midwife.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah. Midwife yeah. I didn't understand I had forgotten that term. Yeah.
Interviewer:  Do you do you still find people like that now a days? Do they still have midwives?
472:  You don't hear of 'em no more. Unless it's a case of emergency something you know.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  That they have to do then. I don't fi- I reckon a doctor wouldn't allow 'em now. {NS} They've got everything else {X} {NS}
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  They come to the doctor. {NS} Now I we'll have to go back down to get on the foundation {X} {NS} according to the Bible. We'll ask about Jesus' days. Jesus at twelve years old he was found {NS} talking to the doctors and the lawyers. Watching things. Ever since that Jesus turned the table of mo- moneychangers over and done away with all of this stuff worldly {NS} {NW} ever since then I noticed the doctors and the lawyers uh working on people more than any other people around because they're praying down to the point where that you don't go to no other place but them for protection or for um advice. See? And they've gotta charge if they do this {NW} and it's got to where it seems to me like it's tremendous. Too much. Or bless they're hearts. So that's where all this come from and and in talking to the doctors and the lawyer Well back there are these midwives and grannies uh sorta will drop backs see about the engines. Back in they tribes you know when they was to have a baby the women? They'd go get behind a big log or something and have the child. And I don't know how they handled the other situation. Used to handle it themselves. Maybe they had midwives I don't know. But anyhow pretty quick she'd put the little baby in a papoose they'd call it. Put it on the back and took off. {X} No doctors to tell you what to do. But back there they was to help the people. They were very much help. Seems as they'd might've been in your category {NS} seen like you have.` {X} {NS}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Amen. Amen. Most no uh stain or uh at least it wasn't too much of stain of sin. {NS} {X} {NS} And the bodies were very much more help than they ought to be. And so they can do these things they had to do these things. But nevertheless it's come on down to the doctors and lawyers now. Reason why I mentioned that story. And uh it's got got us all pinned up. {NS} And we don't have much more freedom to ourselves and we don't have we always seem like we gotta go and {NS} see a doctor then too you know? {NS} Try to do something for ourselves. {NS} They's some of us me for one {NS} that's got little petty things I can use. Little chemicals and things that I can use. {NS} And uh {NS} mostly it might have a bad skin or something on my hand I can use just pure waters I can get hold to 'em. And wash it real good. And sometime I use a band-aid. Hardly ever unless it's a very bad cut. I let it get well itself. And a few seconds after this skin has happened after the wound has happened to the flesh however whatever it might be I learned if w- wash it out and put it back as quick as possible uh it'll start to heal. In a few seconds it'll start to heal. And if something or other happens you stack a m- something or other and tear this loose you can see the strands of meat that's already healed back. {NS} So if we nurse this and keep it 'til it gets really healed uh it'll just grow right up
Interviewer:  Did people used to use different kinds of roots or something for homemade medicine?
472:  Yeah they used uh herbs from the woods. Uh-huh. Yeah my father had some herbs that he used from the woods. Even for cramping {X} it was called uh buck root. And it was really good. And then he had a remedy him and mother that they used for gravel. Used for gravel. You know that one's for gravel? It was old wild wild grass that grows tall as he- um horse mane or horse tail. Grows up old wild grass and you can dig that up and boil it. Make a tea and drink it for the gravel and just it's a short time your gravel's gone You can pass your water right on then. What it is it works on the power stone well I reckon. It just {X} {NS} Then they have a little blue weed that came up that they use for uh uh fevers
Interviewer:  {X} {NS}
472:  Sick stomach {X} Make a key outta that. It's a little blue flower that grows and s- and they have one they call yellow root. that you can go down beside these high {D: bluff} branches at the creeks. And you find it growing on the in the woods. You gather this yellow root and bind it in little balls and bring it home. And you can have a sore mouth your mouth gets sore take a little piece of that yellow root put it in your mouth and chew it and while all that's {D: pittle} in that soil in the soil. {X} and it'll cure it. {D: Yeah} {X} And you can use it for a key but I don't know what they use that for a {X} but I don't remember. Key. {NS} But {NS} the yellow root's good for sore mouth. {NS}
Interviewer:  Is sassafras good for anything?
472:  Sassafras {X} well there's two kinds there ain't but one kind that you can use to make tea out. Drink. It's just a beverage that you can use in your in your home. At your mealtimes and at your {X} mighty fine {X} sassafras tea. It grows in old fields and stuff.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Places like that. And there's a white kind and a brown a red kind. One kind of it you use and the other kind you don't use. {X} {NW}
Interviewer:  Is there something like that called mullein or
472:  Well I was coming up with a mullein before you said about that but I forgot about it.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  Yeah there's a mullein. We growing mullein here now I saw some mullein out there yesterday. Uh we grow you can take this mullein and make a poultice to go on wounds. And I don't remember what else that they could use the mullein for but I think they made a tea out of it too.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  But I know they used it for poultice on the wounds. And then back in the Bible time they used fig tree leaves for poultices {NS} Is that right?
Interviewer:  Yeah. They make poultices out of back then Jesus did. He made poultices {X} Oh I see. You know that's interesting. I don't guess that's done much anymore now
472:  No. It's all passed by. {X}
Interviewer:  Did your parents get to go to school very much themselves?
472:  N- um no Uh-uh. They didn't get to go to school very much. It's all now. They could both read and write. They could both {X} read and write.
Interviewer:  Maybe about same as what you have
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  Maybe. I think. my momma went to the fifth grade I ain't sure.
Interviewer:  Did you know your grandparents?
472:  Yeah Grandpa Richardson. Yeah. Yeah I knowed old Grandaddy Richardson. By old man he he was a little tardy every now and then though. I remember that.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
472:  {NW} Yeah. {NW}
Interviewer:  Make you feel a little better?
472:  Oh! {NW} Yeah I reckon it would.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {NW} {NW} So uh
Interviewer:  What kind of business was he in?
472:  He was in the uh wood business in the in the woods. He worked in the {X} most of his life too. But he had a pretty good farm. {NS} Grandaddy Richardson did. {NS} He raised stock and he raised uh a lot of hogs. And he also he had a dug well at his home. I remember he had a dug well at his home and he used water out of his dug well. Draw it by buckets. {X} {X}
Interviewer:  Used what?
472:  Water. Yo- you pull the water out the well. He had a dug well. Four-cornered dug well.
Interviewer:  And he put it in when did you say he put it in?
472:  he he draw it out with a uh wooden buckets.
Interviewer:  Alright.
472:  kegs
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah. Yeah.
Interviewer:  Whereabouts was he born?
472:  He was. let's see I don't know I don't know where grandaddy was born. Must have been in Baldwin County {X} had to believe. Far as I know. {X}
Interviewer:  Baldwin County? How about his wife did you know your grandmother?
472:  Yeah. Grandma Richardson. She was she was um uh she was a {B} before she married grandaddy. Sh- {B} {NS}
Interviewer:  Was she from Baldwin County too?
472:  Yeah. Yeah. She was raised down there {X} akin to old Quincy.
Interviewer:  Quincy.
472:  Grand old Quincy.
Interviewer:  I guess well how many brothers and sisters did your father have?
472:  I let's see eight I believe.
Interviewer:  Pretty big family.
472:  Yeah really. Sure was.
Interviewer:  I guess she was a housewife with all those children.
472:  Right? Grandma was. She raised a good thing.
Interviewer:  Well did you know your other grandparents?
472:  Well grandpa {B} Now he traveled {X} my grandaddy did. In uh- in a ox wagon {NW} {X}
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  God's way
472:  He went a way down in uh {X} Florida way down in there with that ox wagon.
Interviewer:  What what did he go down there for?
472:  Just went down there and {X} I mean stayed for a long time I don't know how long he stayed there. But he soon come back. Come back. He had a big family too. He had about eight or nine younger brothers {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Had big families back then didn't they?
472:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Do you know where he was born?
472:  It was up in Conecuh I believe.
Interviewer:  Conecuh {X}
472:  Conecuh County {NW}
Interviewer:  What did he do for his living? He mostly worked uh uh on ditches. Now the ditches I'm talking about is ditches to uh broke logs down. Oh.
472:  To a mill pond. Uh he stayed in Pensacola Florida a long time. And they had a ditch coming through there going into a mill dam and he worked on that ditch {X} I think. On that one then Let's see there was one here in Baldwin he worked on a whole lot too. Broke those logs down {NS} to a mill
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  the mill pond for the saw mill to cut 'em.
Interviewer:  He was in the logging business?
472:  The logging business. {X} Yeah.
Interviewer:  Did you know his wife? Your grandmother?
472:  Yeah. She was a student {X} no the first ma- my mother's see this {NS} he married twice and this here last wife he lived with was my mother's stepmother. {NW} Uh but my mother's mother the first her mother was uh {B} Sh- she wa- {B} my mother's cousin or and last her stepmother was {B}
Interviewer:  Was your grandmother on your mother's side from Conecuh County too you suppose? Born there?
472:  Uh-huh. {NS}
Interviewer:  You said they had a big family too huh?
472:  Yeah. Pretty good size I believe. Uh grandaddy {X} Yeah. Well wait let's see had four children.
Interviewer:  I guess she was a housewife too?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear your grandparents talk about their schooling whether they were able to go very much?
472:  No never did tell me. I don't remember about their school. No. I don't remember.
Interviewer:  Do you know if they could read and write okay or
472:  Well I don't kn- yeah! My uh grandmother on uh my momma's side sh- she um she could do good I think. As far as I know now she sh- sh- done good writing
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  had a pretty good education I think.
Interviewer:  But you're not sure about the other one?
472:  No I ain't sure about them. I I couldn't say.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  But true I like to try to have everything as much in the truth as I can.
Interviewer:  Sure. {NW}
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Where you ever married Mr Richards?
472:  {NW} Yeah! {NW} {NW} But a bachelor now. {X}
Interviewer:  Where was your wife born?
472:  Baldwin County. {X} {NS} what they call Hall's Fork between here and Atmore She was born I suppose. As far as I know. That's where I found her at anyway.
Interviewer:  {NW} {NS} Did y'all go to the same church? {NS} {NS}
472:  At the time yeah.
Interviewer:  Was that uh uh Mormon?
472:  No. Uh no um sh- they they were Baptists.
Interviewer:  Oh. She was a Baptist?
472:  Yes she was a Baptist.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  But I been to her church longer.
Interviewer:  How old was she when she passed away?
472:  She didn't passed away.
Interviewer:  Oh. I'm sorry.
472:  No. She still living.
Interviewer:  Do you have any idea how old she is?
472:  I wou- let's see I was I was seven years old now you can you can put it I was seven year she was I was seven years older than she was when we mar-
Interviewer:  Oh I see does that make her about
472:  Twenty-six.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  Married at twenty-six. I was I was seven years older {NS} than she was when we married. Let's see now. {X} That takes
Interviewer:  She's about sixty-seven now? {X}
472:  Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. {NS} She's
Interviewer:  How much schooling did she have do you know?
472:  She was pretty good.
Interviewer:  Really?
472:  {NW} She had about let's see I suppose about sixth or seventh grade. I I reckon. She can read and write real good I think.
Interviewer:  What about the house that you grew up in Mr {B} can you tell me a little bit like about what it was like?
472:  Had to move about too much.
Interviewer:  Oh really?
472:  {NW} {NS} {NS} I don't remember too much about it you see. {X} let's see but he always moved to places and then stayed four or five six and seven years at one place. {X} {NS} {NW} Other words the first thing I remember really about was that little house in old Quincy. {X} We stayed there s- for a good while. I don't know how many years but we stayed at that one a good while. Just a little old {NS} house built with uh kitchen on the side. {X} s-
Interviewer:  The kitchen was away from the house?
472:  No. It was joined to it. Or built into it. {NS} Kitchen and dining room was all together. It was cook on one end and eat in the other one.
Interviewer:  {X} What were the what were the other rooms that you had?
472:  Well we just had one real big bedroom right there. That's as much as I can remember. {X} I remember them. Momma had a s- we just cleaned her floors with a big scrub mop with shucks in it. A piece of wood board with holes in it put your shucks in and had a handle in it. Put a handle in it. And that's what she cleaned her floors with.
Interviewer:  With those corn shucks?
472:  With the corn shucks just stuff 'em in there and she twisted 'em up in them holes put a lot of 'em in there and it would be solid. {X} the bottom a that basket {X} satchel but {NS} it was really s- {X} would scar them floors I mean just {X} dirt and grease oil She used old uh th stuff she used to clean with was g- uh washing powder. Uh grandma dust. Um
Interviewer:  Grandma dust.
472:  Yeah. Grandma dust that's what they called it.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  And uh she threw that on the floor and used sand
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
472:  That stuff had to move.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
472:  And all you had to have was a muscle
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
472:  to do that scrubbing. {NS}
Interviewer:  And she raked her floors and take her corn in a sack. Put under her foot and drag on that floor and dry it. {X} {NS} After she did that {NS} {X} it would smell good. Old powder s- {X} and nice {X} it'd be nice and clean.
472:  So the house had you said it was just one big bedroom
Interviewer:  #1 plus the #
472:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  kitchen and dining rooms?
472:  Yeah. That's right. And most of 'em we lived in was like that. Uh we got to where {X} can have a little bit a Christmas. A long time {X} {X} {NS} Uh she liked the man quit building the houses and the porch you see. Will work for it. {NS} They'd always {X} Low key {X} Folks know how to work. {X} So {NW} they'd rent houses rent places for us the man we worked for in the latter days when the {X} you know coming down outgrown. Got to where we could rent places so they would {X} and let us live in the big house have more room And that's the way we growed up. S- {NS} Where we at now.
Interviewer:  How long have you been in your house over there?
472:  This little house on the end trailer combined? Uh six years. they've had it six years I believe. I've got the date down on {X}
Interviewer:  Has that always been there or did you build it?
472:  {NW} Yeah it was there when I come here. Uh you know the man who owned who lived in that little house was retarded fellows from the railroad you see? And they lived there on this man's place he was living at the time Mr Beasley And they first lived right there where I got that little old house on a piece of cement. And it wasn't big enough it was too close and it moved out there in the corner and it's been there ever since. I don't know how long. {X} Yeah Uh but that somber little {C: clears throat} house with a rusty top on it. The other one the other side I lived in it three years. And taking care of my father here in town with my sister and uh until he died and then I was going back to the river. On the river now I got a little I had a little shack up there. And I was going back {NS} little shack on the river bank {NS} but uh these people found out I was a gardener and they asked me would I be con- contented uh without an- would I like to move in this little house. I looked at my wife I said yeah I will. {X} made up my mind I said I will. And so they cleaned it up. Me and 'em together. And I I done moved some of my things back to Stockton. But I came back and uh went up I I after I deciding I was going to live here then I put the other furniture in here and went up there and got the rest of that and brought it back put it in there and I been living there in there ever since. This little house.
Interviewer:  Do- does that have uh is it how many rooms does it have?
472:  Well just one room and uh kitchen and a {NW} s- cook and eat in the same room. And then there's a little old bitty room in the back. {X} {NS} In the back. {NS} {X} {NW} {NS}
Interviewer:  Got plenty of shade over there anyway.
472:  {NW} Yeah. Nothing short of the shade.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  That's right.
Interviewer:  That's a mighty big tree.
472:  They are hu- {X} awful large I'd like to know the age of 'em myself. I wonder why they had to stoop over like that such a beautiful trees.
Interviewer:  I don't believe I've ever seen one bent as much as that one right there.
472:  Nah
Interviewer:  It's really bent over.
472:  And you know they'll they'll I've seen 'em and they'll basically they'll come clean to the ground. Those limbs will brush the ground. {X} one up yonder on the bank. There's one of the limbs scraping the ground there just about it I'm fixing to cut it off. Trim up so it'll look better. {X}
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  In that house that you grew up in did y'all use a fireplace?
472:  Yeah. And a and the fireplace was a stick and dirt chimney.
Interviewer:  It was a what?
472:  Stick and dirt chimney.
Interviewer:  What is that?
472:  It's a chimney and fireplace you were on about. It's a home ba- built by hand you see? {C: addressing another speaker} Is there something we can do for you? {NS} {C: auxiliary speaker} Yeah.
Interviewer:  So your father built that himself?
472:  Yeah. He built the chimney himself. Yeah. {C: sound of vehicle in background} He built the chimney himself. {NS} stick and dirt chimney they call it. He's built several of them chimneys in our buildings they was built for us to {NS} He used to build several chimneys like that.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  He was you know call 'em stick and dirt that's what it is. They dig a hole and put clay in it it's with clay and cut up a lotta pine straw in that hole and make the mud up with water make up the dirt and they uh cut the sticks as long as they want or as wide as they want the chimney {NS} and they start to building 'em they take this mud and ball it up and put it on these sticks. And lay another one on top of that one you know? And lay 'em up like that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm I see.
472:  Stick and dirt chimney all the way to the top of the house yeah. We would run them other fires and uh you got to be careful when you build a fire you know not to put much heat down there Burnt your sticks out the chimney'd fall down.
Interviewer:  Right. That would be bad. {NW}
472:  Going well uh anyway
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  and if you don't mind your red coal you'll put on too much wood at a time.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm. {NS}
472:  And you got to be careful
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Could you tell me how you build a fire in the in a fireplace?
472:  Yeah. We take some I call 'em tire spanners were plenty of wood then you know. Go out there and cut you some good splinters and strike a match and stick to this start your pot and lay your wood on it. Now back yonder ago before then they had to use rocks. Flint rocks. {NS} And knock a fire out of the flint rock on the cotton. S- s- s- s- set the cotton a fire. Then they could start {NS} fire from the cotton. {NS} That's the way it used to be back there. But my father always was lucky to have matches. Striking matches we had to be careful not strike too many matches and waste 'em we had to be careful. Took care of them matches.
Interviewer:  Did you have a a big piece of wood that burned a long time that you put in the back of the fireplace?
472:  Yeah. You could have wood like that. And uh keep the fire a long time keep the heat in the fireplace. We used oakwood most at the back. Called 'em back log.
Interviewer:  Back log.
472:  Back log. Mm-hmm. Yeah. Back log. And I've heard my father talk about back yonder in the time that they had to use flint rocks to get fire from there's a lot of ti- timber fell in the woods then. Big logs. And they'd set any one of these logs afire and it would burn for weeks and weeks and weeks and weeks and weeks not even a month to before it burned up. And they'd get they'd go get the fire from that log they'd say get the fire outta that log {X} that's the way they used to do that going without matches. {NS}
Interviewer:  Was there something inside the fireplace that you put those backlogs on
472:  Yeah you could have uh rocks lay 'em on rocks or something to keep 'em off of the ashes you know. Or you might find some old pieces of iron something or another. A brick or something. Put them logs on. And uh we could get a spark started from them then the next day if they're still {X}
Interviewer:  Did you ever heard a people call those things firedogs or dog irons or
472:  Yeah. Yeah you can buy 'em now that they call firedogs. Uh dog irons or something like that. And people makes 'em now for theirself mostly. These ladies got {X} they use a chimney every winter. These ladies do. And they got some at the one of the neighbors made 'em over here at the place uh shop. He had a shop over there and he made them some of them firedogs. He was here long as he lived. {X} {NS} {X}
Interviewer:  Back then did you have a place right over the fireplace where you could put a
472:  Oh called a mantel shelf yeah. Uh yeah. Mantel boards.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Oh yeah. Yeah I remember hearing my uncle tell Aunt Elmer {NW} that was papa's baby brother after he married and had a family uh tell us said he's going there to hunt something he'd laid up on the mantel shelf and there's so much gets laid on a shelf do you know junky. {NS} {X} She says Elmer Says where is the uh plow stock? Eh where's the plow stock. Said I see everything up here but the plow stock. {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
472:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Ah
472:  {NW} Ah she said crazy. Something like that you know {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {NW} # {NW} He meant she didn't {X}
Interviewer:  #1 Got everything over #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  there except the plow stuff
472:  Yeah. {NS} Said I see everything up here but the plow stock. {NS}
Interviewer:  It must have been pretty cluttered.
472:  Rough wasn't it
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
472:  #2 # He throwing out {X}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  That's funny.
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Was there an open place right in front of the fireplace maybe uh bricked over or something?
472:  No there wasn't no brick over it but they had them uh sticks they run them sticks out in there. And they made a a board that'll hold this clay uh way take they take some kind of metal if they could get it and put under this clay under the clay like they do bricks now you know #1 {D: build all} #
Interviewer:  #2 Yes sir. #
472:  And they'd put that there to hold the lay up and then that'd between the m- metal and wood. To keep the fire from getting so hot in there. And they used to rest of it too. That's the way they done it.
Interviewer:  Was there an open area right in front of there called uh what was that called? Uh where you could sit in front of the fireplace I guess or
472:  Yeah um {X} enjoy the heat from the fire yeah. Yeah you could sit there in front of the fireplace. {X} where there's a big fan that they'll have to keep moving out you know and moving in to keep everybody warm. They can all hug up there at one time.
Interviewer:  {NW} {X}
472:  But in the a lotta times they got to where they built brick chimneys and rock chimneys and uh they could put a big heap fire in that could take care of a big family you know. Because they could uh a lot of 'em standing around the back. And every warm way back out in the room.
Interviewer:  Yeah. {NS}
472:  Keep the room warm back there. And never build your chimney in the south end of the house. Never. Always if possible build it in the north end of your house. You put it in the south end you see the cold wind'll just pour right in there and it'll dry it right on up and you couldn't get no more. But you put it in the north end of the house {X} um you'd be uh warm to be in there then instead of in the cold. {NS} Just rush your cold out.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah. That's the way it was.
Interviewer:  Was there a place called the hearth or hearth or
472:  Yeah they called that a uh well a fireplace hearth. Uh hearth. Whatever they called it. Yeah made out in front yeah. {NW} low down yeah just {X} standing yeah. Uh-huh. You call that a hearth. The hearth. {X} Yeah. {X}
Interviewer:  Now after you burned a lot of wood in the fireplace didn't you get a lot of this old black stuff stick on the sides of the
472:  Smut?
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Well most of the smut didn't burn itself out. There'd come a rainy day sprinkle a rainy day and this s- soot would get a little damp and it would catch a fire. What I mean by that uh there's something or other about it that made it catch a fire. And it'd did just go out well maybe after the rain stopped it it would catch a fire. And it'd go clean out the top of the chimney and just clean that chimney 'til the top.
Interviewer:  Is that right? {NS}
472:  Yeah {NS} And you had to be careful about fire poles on the roof you know {X} {NS} wooden roofs {X} boards.
Interviewer:  #1 Right at #
472:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  Yeah. And this uh soot would catch a fire. It's called soots and not smut so and it'll just clean that chimney out. Well also the wooden stoves they use to have put wood into cook on uh sometime that soot'll get a fire and just clean that oven out under it you know the fire made it so the fire come under it. And you say well {NW} and hear it go up this pipe.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  Yeah. Blow it out.
Interviewer:  Wow.
472:  And you could use this oil what they call s- kerosene and coal oil and put a little bit in that stove and that'll that'll make it burn it out too. Flush it out. {X}
Interviewer:  You just go right up the
472:  Yeah. Burn that soot outta there clean the pipe out. And uh {NS} the pipes is alright long as you didn't have a elbow. Some people used heaters in the house layer. And put a elbow through there. A pipe through the wall uh out the window or something and they had a elbow they put on this pipe. And that elbow would sure fill up with that ashes and soot. But they learnt the latter later on after that thing they learned to split a split a hole in the bottom of that elbow {NS} and that taken care of the problem. {NS} {X} Firing stuff to just keep going. Wouldn't stop a clog up Yes sir. Cut that hole in there just draw it on the p- pipe there.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Course with all that fresh air right in there {NS} and that first step took all the {X} {NS} It's really interesting.
Interviewer:  Is that uh talking about the stovepipe is that the same thing as a flue?
472:  No. A flue goes on top of the house if it goes out the top you know. They put the flue on top of the house and uh run the pipe up through it. Made a flue. And then there's no danger of the fire catching the wood. This flue holds a pipe a way away from the wood. Call it a flue.
Interviewer:  Well does that make a flue the same thing as a chimney?
472:  Uh no. No. No this is all together different it's it it's uh stove inside you got a flue coming up through the top to protect the fire from the wood. But if you got a heater instead of a fireplace {NW} you had to have this flue around the heater. {X}
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Duct taped to it {X} {NS}
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Well years ago if people had a room in the house where they might have company uh maybe they keep it the best room in the house what would they call that?
472:  Well they'd call it a a setting room. Or the best bedroom. Other words it would be the nicest one on the place they'd we always give our guest the best. We love 'em and we try to treat 'em the best we know how and can. At them times. And so uh some people was forced 'em to have two heats {NS} two chimneys or two heaters. And they would but then {C: speech distortion} {X} {NS} But if they didn't then {NS} they'd give him the best and tidiest room they had {NS} and give 'em the best {X} the best they could afford. {NS} And give 'em {X} heavy coat {NS} such as quilts. Comforts. Called comforts. Quilts.
Interviewer:  Is that comfort the same thing as a quilt?
472:  Uh yeah but it's hea- no heavier than a quilt. Comfort's heavier than a quilt. {NS} And uh that'd keep 'em warm.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  This day and time though we'd give 'em a give 'em electric blanket.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  {NW} If they need it.
Interviewer:  That's pretty handy.
472:  Yeah. {D: Handy-blandy} you better believe it is. Have one myself.
Interviewer:  Right. Did women used to get together and patch those quilts?
472:  Now these here still does.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
472:  Not patch 'em but build 'em. Make 'em. Yes sir they got quilting they do that everywhere. {NS} {X} They can't feel the hours. {NS} {NW} {X} {C: tapping sound}
Interviewer:  Still in demand?
472:  Yeah. Still demand for them quilts. That's yeah. Most of the quilts now are light you know? Now them old comforts too heavy too m- too much to tight you know? They use quilt. Make quilts. {NS}
Interviewer:  Back then did people have this long piece of furniture that several people could sit on at the same time?
472:  Such as benches. Yeah. Yeah my grandfather had a bench on his front porch he had a big front porch like this. {NS} And he had a bench made out of those cypress lumbers from the river swamp and it would sit as much as twelve ten or twelve people grown people get on that bench. {NW} And it was made outta heavy-duty stuff. And it was just tremendous to know see how that they were fixed up to take care of them their friends and the ladies coming. In the summer they'd put 'em out on that bench. Just have a nice time. And then they'd have benches short benches in the house that they sit 'em down.
Interviewer:  Did they ever have you know like what they have nowadays this long padded one in the living room usually? That several people could sit on?
472:  Yeah. Yeah. In these latter days later days yeah they have padded {NS} pad uh seats for 'em. Um covered seats I call 'em. {NS} And makes it much better to sit on {NW} but I don't see too much of that now if it's especially if it's a big porch you're gonna have chairs out like this to sit on {NS} {X} There but {NS} they have got a lot of chairs inside that {X} in winter around the fireplace. Comes in {NW} have an awful lot of company it's a wonder they ain't got somebody drove up to there this morning.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  On a Monday morning.
Interviewer:  Right
472:  They had a lotta cars For the uh fine people. They treat everybody right {X} They even can for 'em. {X}
Interviewer:  Did back then did they have a couch or sofa or something like that?
472:  Well they come up with it in the latter days yeah. I see a lot in these old gullies now throwed away.
Interviewer:  What's that?
472:  These couches. Them things that they throwed away they used 'em 'til they're Come up with modern more things. Better ones. That's the way they did 'em they carried 'em to the shop gullets somewhere {NS} If that made 'em quit all that now {X} {NS}
Interviewer:  Something you said that you had a a place in your house where you kept all your junk? Uh that's that's a bench I got a shelf built back there that I put my quilts and what you have it on you know? Got a little shelf a little shelf back there now that I put all the quilts and things {C: tapping sound} What I can stack on it. It's like everything else it just gets too much junk 'til you can't have you have to move out
472:  #1 every now and then. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # Did you ever hear of people who has had a whole room in their house where they put all their junk?
472:  I've heard of
Interviewer:  Just set
aside a room
472:  Yeah I've heard of that. I- I'd like to see that sight. That'd be pretty good to see.
Interviewer:  Ya reckon what they call that.
472:  Well I don't know. I call mine a junk room whenever I get it full like that. Uh antique or in other words uh some people wants to keep everything. {NW} I've even heard of 'em keeping uh cooking soda boxes Arm and Hammer cooking soda boxes. Stack them back and everything they can get a hold to uh uh just enough to throw away.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  I call it s- uh selectors selecting stuff you know. I call them selectors. Hell I'm pretty bad about such as that myself. That little old house out there you'd be surprised the stuff I got put in there. I'd uh I it's useful though I think it's useful it will be it's can be and is. Different things.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  I got my fruit in there too.
Interviewer:  True you never can tell you might as well keep it I guess.
472:  I've heard the old saying {NW} {NS} if you got something that you oughta throw away say just keep it seven years and you'll have a use for it.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  I've heard that you know?
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  But that's superstitious I reckon. We're getting into that superstitious business and I don't care too much about it {X} superstitious you know. Keep things that long and every-
Interviewer:  #1 Do you ever #
472:  #2 thing #
Interviewer:  do you ever know people who claim they saw these things around graveyards you know they're afraid of 'em?
472:  Oh yeah. Graveyard stories. That's something else boy. Yeah I've heard a that. Mm-hmm. Uh {C: clears throat}
Interviewer:  What do they call those things you know
472:  Ghosts. {NS} Yeah hearing and seeing ghosts and all that. Uh I heared it this old fella one time come along and uh he heared something at uh out in the graveyard and there was telling he wa- {X} there was two men at the gate and uh he heared 'em saying talking about the separating the people he heared about God was gonna separate the peo- {NW} And he was in the cemetery and he heared 'em talking at the gate gonna separate the people and he said me one and you one. Me one and you one. And he didn't know what they were doing. And he he got mighty uneasy thought it was a it's either some God separating the people taking the good and the bad and he got awful upset about {NS} I heard that you know? Uh that that that was one of the stories ghost stories. And he couldn't imagine what it was and he eventually got away I think and run ran away and left him and they were going on something there for a cause but I never did know what they cause was. {X} get.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. You ever hear people say that those things can get into a house you know and the house'll be
472:  Haunted. Yeah. Haunted. Yeah yes sir I've heard a lot of that ghost stories. Yeah I've heard of houses being haunted and uh they would see uh things at night would fog would come around and uh see all kinds of things and hear things wallow about in the house. Haunted you know they believe in that.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  You don't believe in that do you?
472:  No I don't believe in all that stuff. No I don't. If I hear something I'll find out what it is if I can't well well done anyway.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  I don't run off.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  I hadn't so far
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 {D: I mean} # {NW} Something could come around give me a fright but I don't think it would.
Interviewer:  Is uh Satan and the Devil the same thing?
472:  Well that's a pretty deep question but I think I can answer you yeah.
Interviewer:  No difference.
472:  No difference I know of.
Interviewer:  What do people usually call him either s- Satan or the Devil?
472:  Yeah they call him Satan. {NW} Uh all kinds of old names or most Call him old uh Red Eyes and old S- Devil with Horns and I don't know what all they call it. {NW} I hear the lady not far from here some sweet little children at the home and she went in the house she was outside and she got a move on him called 'em little devils when they run out the door. And I I thought about just there and that and you know that just broke my heart that just broke my heart. That wasn't no way to approach a little child you know why so much meanness going on now most children and growing up? Because they wasn't never teaching t- teached at home uh the right thing. They've always been scorned they've always been uh homes like that you know? Come outta homes like that and you can't expect nothing else bu- but crime or now because you never have been taught no better.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And what what a little child's looking for when it's comes becomes to be walking you might say of a little baby it's looking for somebody to tend it take it up with tender love and have mercy with it and raise it like it ought to be and uh some chi- {X} when man and woman's joined together they should be joined together in the Lord. {NW} To where that they'll know by the Bible how to raise a family. And you know it just tears my heart to think about we have scriptures telling us how and what to do about these little children and raise 'em up in the way you'd have 'em to go and then they won't depart from us you see. Well if I ain't got it myself how can I? And this'll run back to the fourth or fifth generation if not come up right.
Interviewer:  {NW} {C: silence}
Interviewer:  all boys or
472:  No, it wasn't but one boy and two girls.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  All I ever had.
Interviewer:  Do they come to see you every now and then?
472:  Every now and then yeah they come by. I had the little house full l- last night {NS} for a while. My grandchildren. My sister. And my granddaughter and her four children from Mississippi. We had a ball.
Interviewer:  {NW} {C: passing traffic} How many grandchildren do you have?
472:  Well I suppose I know now about ten. Yeah ten grandchildren.
Interviewer:  Did they ever do y'all get together at the same time? No.
472:  #1 {D: I haven't} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  You would have
472:  #1 At least I #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  could though and get 'em {D: all in one there} My grandchildren.
Interviewer:  What did uh what kind of furniture did people have in their bedrooms years ago?
472:  Well I thought you was gonna ask me the question how many great-grandchildren.
Interviewer:  Well well you can tell me that. {NW}
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 You have #
472:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  great-grandchildren?
472:  Yeah I have around ten of them.
Interviewer:  Goodness.
472:  Really do. I've saw s- six generations.
Interviewer:  {NW} {NS}
472:  And I'm hoping that I live to see the seventh. {NS} And I really believe I will. {NS} {NW} {X} how I live six seven generations of course I may be dead. {D: I suppose} but what I know between now and tomorrow. But I thank God I'm here. That I use myself {D: to get on my clothes} Uh yeah they I have about ten great-grandchildren. And I'll mention something else to you I found out about that. The further away from you they keep generation the harder you look. I really love my great-grandchildren. {NS} So much seems like we just know or why {NS} I just have a feeling see my {X} they're my grandchildren you see And what makes it I reckon is the all I can see in the picture as they grow up you see my grandchildren they get away from me more. They growing out of my {X} but and then these others are tender and sweet and lovely and seem like I just love 'em. Not a greater love but I just wanna see 'em more because they're little and tender and sweet. And that's the reason why it is all I can figure out. My grandchildren I still love 'em with all my heart {X} but they growed away from my {D: members like} as my father when he died he growed away from my membrance in the grave in the grave and uh so that's the way it's going. From generation to generation. But I found out and I I love the second generation from my gra- of my grandchildren great-grandchildren. Uh well as much as I do or more than I do uh my great- uh my grandchildren. I love my great-grandchildren more see my {D: before} something I I don't know why. and this is cuz they're little and tender and sweet.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. Well what about um the furniture that people had in their bedrooms?
472:  well I know for myself I had two bed sticks and a cooking stove in the kitchen. Dining table. And I had uh chairs to sit in. And that's about it.
Interviewer:  Did people ever have something with drawers in it they could put clothes in it? {NS}
472:  Yeah furniture yeah there's a bunch of that. {NS} Yeah we had a wardrobe what they call a wardrobe. Dresser. {NW} that we put our clothes in and then a trunk some trunks we had two trunks I think. and uh to put our clothes in. And she put it in two more and I had an old wooden toolbox. {D: Collect tools}
Interviewer:  Was a wardrobe the same thing as a dresser?
472:  Built on the bases but it's it's got a different name. Not a different kind it's a little it'll like but the same thing. But uh there ain't much difference. between a wardrobe and a dresser.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of anything called a chest of drawers?
472:  Oh yeah they have but we didn't have that. Didn't have no chest of drawers. I got a chest of drawers now.
Interviewer:  Got a what?
472:  I got a chest of drawers at my little house now but we didn't when we was together. Married.
Interviewer:  What did people use over the windows to keep out the sunlight?
472:  What they call shades. They had to use shade will have 'em up and down. Open the shades. If they didn't have them they made little curtains that you could pull together and open up. Go together {X} Now there were homes that we lived in that had window shutters on hangers You opened the shutter that way the whole window was open you see. And uh we used them and doors most things they opened the door that was the the mosquitoes come in of course through them cracks and things we had to smoke 'em out with rags and uh and we had another {X} that we could use to smoke 'em out. It's pretty strong.
Interviewer:  What was that?
472:  Cow manure.
Interviewer:  Oh really? {NW}
472:  We'd go get it and uh put it in a iron pot or something like that. Started up a fire in it with a burner and uh and just keep a s- uh smoking. It smelled worse than a rat I mean stronger than a rat it smelled like 'em but they's stronger Make a terrible odor. That's where they got the little mosquitoes. {NW} Uh and then we eventually got to where we could buy some spray. Some rub-on stuff. and they didn't come to the spray but {X}
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 But a man- #
472:  many a night I've woke up and they they come in certain times of the night a mosquito don't swarm all night. He has certain times he comes to the bed to bite you.
Interviewer:  Right!
472:  Yes sir. And uh uh when he comes in I get up and I get me a old dress or rag some kind I beat 'em outta the house. I beat 'em down you know to keep 'em from eating up my little children I've lost a lotta sleep keeping 'em off my wife and little children to let them sleep. I loved 'em. And uh worked hard too every day. So uh that's the way we had and we had to tote water from a spring and to do our have to drank and cook with. Dish wash and then we carry our s- clothes to the spring wash 'em at the spring you know unless we wanted to tote the water up the hill to
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  washpot at the house.
Interviewer:  Do you have any insects around here that are bad to sting you besides mosquitoes? {NS}
472:  Yeah we have what they call uh {NS} a gnat. {NS} Uh sandflies. When they come of course they are ain't here they like go around the Gulf. They mostly stay down the lower parts of the Gulf. Call 'em sandflies and they just come through the screen. You have got a problem when you get them sandfly. But, nevertheless uh {C: background speaker} {C: addressing background speaker} Huh? {C: background speaker} Is anybody over there? {NS} {C: background speaker} I don't know. I better go see I bet- then I'll come back.
Interviewer:  Sure. {NS}
472:  #1 It might be #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  a lot in there that I leave out and a lot that I don't that that {NS} um {C: background speaker} uh no it's uh the little boy that them people borrowed the ladder that time you know to paint with down there that used to live down {C: background speaker} {X} No. Uh-uh. The other one. A little brown-eyed boy. And he he used to come here a lot. And his he wanted him some wrenches to fix his bicycle with and uh I let him have 'em he's gonna bring 'em over when he gets through with 'em. Bring 'em over to me. Yeah. Uh I can't call his last name. I think it's his daddy w- grade this road. I think it's his daddy the only Grader {X} {X}
Interviewer:  Say you'd like to write all this down?
472:  {NW} If I could write you know and had the education and uh uh I j- I just love to get a good record about that. As long as my father lived I had a record.
Interviewer:  Oh really?
472:  Darling I had a record. Yes sir. Matt he's brought things up to me and people asked him questions and he could just go back there and just he could really remember things. He had the best memory around that I ever knowed of a fella to have a right to. His size and his education and all of that. How he come through toils and struggles and trials and man he was real he was number one. Tell you what the doctor said about my daddy before he died. He he took a capsule there on his jaw {X} {X} Uh he fell off a bed I think when it was started and hurt his jaw. Okay. And his doctor s- said said you are the soundest man we know of. Say you the soundest man in Bay Minette. There's sounder {X} in Bay Minette. Says you perfect. Excepting me. Says you are perfect. Your body's just as healthy and says you perfect {X} and he was. That's right. He was really healthy. He was skinny like I am he was skinny but he was really healthy. And his members his mind and just his brain is incomparable He could really remember things. {NW} {NW} He was really sweet.
Interviewer:  Sure is nice to be in good health.
472:  Yes it is.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Yeah. A person really in health I see enough health to be a going don't realize what it means to be in bed and crippled or disable to go. We are blessed with it
Interviewer:  A a lot of
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  people when they get older they have trouble with that pain you know in the joints and all?
472:  Yeah. Uh-huh. But I'm pretty limber now I sit here a good while I have little stiff knots. Started to move 'em just now. But I'm just as limber according to my age as I can be
Interviewer:  You don't have trouble with that uh
472:  Uh
Interviewer:  what's that uh
472:  Arthri- Yeah {X} I can sit there on that floor and and you sit down there with me and I'll get up before you do to save your life
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  You probably could. {NW} {NS} You're that much stronger than
472:  {NS} throw my legs back under me. Yeah I c- I'm pretty limber. Do that all well I still move all the time and I ride the bike that's a lotta help to me because I I get a lotta exercise off a that. I did hear somebody say one time there might probably come a day they cut out all the bikes and if they do I just have to cry it out.
Interviewer:  Hmm. I don't ma-
472:  I don't think they'll do that. I hope not no way.
Interviewer:  I don't see why.
472:  I don't either. But they're coming up with a lotta things I sure would hate for that to happen.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  #1 That's #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  the only way I got to go.
Interviewer:  They do some places they uh mark off special places in towns you know where the bikes can go.
472:  Uh yeah. Uh I had a uh I had two talk to me up there in town about my bike. I had a great way of putting it up on the street to keep it out of the way of the car. Whatever store I stopped at you see. I just rode it up on there. And uh I stopped it up on there one day and there was a lady handling the law up there at that time. Police. And she she hollered at me when I was coming down the street but I just thought somebody peeking at me I couldn't see through the glass to tell what it was and I suppressed nothing I just thought and so uh I says uh to her I says and throw up my hands spoke to her and went kept going I stopped the wheel up on the cement and uh and turned around started back to the drugstore and she met me. {NW} Police. Says did you hear me what I told you? I says well I can hear you but I thought I didn't know who you were I said and I thought you were just a somebody picking at me about the wheel No she says. Says you ain't supposed to ride the wheel up on the street or I said well I wasn't riding it I was just pushing it. And uh said well it ain't supposed to be up there. It's supposed to be down there where the cars are I said well I was just putting it up out of the way of the cars and uh it's on this up there now and I said I'll ask you this. And promise you this. I said if y- how about me leaving a tail light and go in this drugstore and get some medicine and go back? And I said you won't catch it up there no more. She said that's good. Go ahead. Well I {NS} think there's one {X} and then I had a fella to tell me where to park 'em. And now I know how and where to park 'em. If I don't want to park 'em in front of the drugstore or something I go to the corner where there are no cars parked. He said that is really the best place if I can make it there. Or either get behind a big post up on the cement. And put 'em behind there where they won't nothing hit 'em you know?
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Says you can't do that. But that's what he told me but anyhow I always try to park in there where where there ain't no cars parked so they won't I don't wanna knock it down hurt it break it no how.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  I wanna take care of my wheel!
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  That's the way I got to travel.
Interviewer:  Sure is
472:  And if they're cooperating me I sure will them.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  Far as I can.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  According to the Bible.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  {X} That's right I really enjoy bicycle.
Interviewer:  I could uh send you a copy of this tape if you'd like one.
472:  Well what would I do with, could play it {X} somebody's got a {X}
Interviewer:  Get one of these things.
472:  {NW} I don't know what that {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  I'm so dumb in speaking and uh don't
Interviewer:  might be an interesting thing to have.
472:  Y- yeah. I'd I'd like to have it.
Interviewer:  What's your address?
472:  Uh {B}
Interviewer:  We were talking about things around the house uh whereabouts did people hang their clothes? Do you have a place where you could hang 'em?
472:  Yeah we used uh nails. Sometime we'd be fortunate enough to have a have a c- what they call a cloak room? And we could uh have different nails or pegs to hang each one's clothes on so we know where it was if we didn't have a place to stack 'em. Where we could stack 'em you know. We could hang 'em on nails such as coats and spreaders and things and we could we'd know where our things was when we wanted to run and get it you know? That way. And w- mother our mother's always tried to keep our clothes separate as much as they could cuz it's really an advantage you know to keep your clothes separated where you can divide 'em! I've learned a lot since I've been living by myself. How to handle these. When you come to my house and about one of the sweetest things you can do for me when you start in is to clean your feet. {NS} {NW} {NS} {NS}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {NW} {NW} keep that sand out so I'm lazy and I don't wanna sweep too much.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  And and that's what it is. Perfect you
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  but then the I I like to clean things at my house {X} I love cleaning things. If I had me a little lady that could really you know take care of everything and keep it this place I'd appreciate that. According to the Bible when the wife separated and there's no way for me to have another one as long as she lives. Now that's right now I have me a I tell 'em I have me a door roller
Interviewer:  A what?
472:  A door roller over there.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {D: Cook my dishes} Okay. Yeah. Alright if you need 'em again come back. {C: background speaker} {NS} {X}
Interviewer:  I think the company's come.
472:  I told you about that.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  That's right.
Interviewer:  {NS} So y'all didn't have closets or anything like that?
472:  Yeah that's called the cloak room is closets Closets in the house. {X} Right. Howdy!
Interviewer:  Good morning.
472:  This is my friend that I
Interviewer:  Hi.
472:  got acquainted
Interviewer:  #1 How you doing? #
472:  #2 with. #
Aux:  How do you do?
Interviewer:  Nice to meet you.
472:  And uh that's
Aux:  {X}
472:  that's ms {B} {X}
Aux:  Come on up.
Interviewer:  We just had a little conversation.
Aux:  you just had to {X}
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  {D: About old times}
Aux:  {X}
472:  had 'em making us a record
Aux:  {NW}
472:  Howdy.
Aux:  Hey.
472:  Uh {NS}
Aux:  when do they {X}
472:  Yeah yeah I'd I'd be interested in having it later. I got one brother living we could get together and talk it over.
Interviewer:  Do you ever have a pet?
472:  One sister. Yeah! I've had pets. I do- I don't uh uh never fool with no pets though unless it's something s- like squirrels outside you know? Where I can let 'em go where they ain't have nothing to to bother me in no way to keep my mind on to have to take care of you see I like pets but I don't wanna fool with 'em not by myself. {NS} And so {NS} I'd rather not uh {C: overlapping auxiliary speech} have a pet I like 'em you know? I'd rather not own one myself cuz it's a lot of trouble and uh they oughta be taken care of like like they should be. Yeah. {NS}
Interviewer:  You never had a dog?
472:  Yeah I've owned dogs my life yeah. And uh with the wife. But not too many we never did use very many dogs. And not {NS} me and her was too busy we something else that they
Interviewer:  What did you call this type of dog you know it's not a pure breed but it's all different types mixed together?
472:  German police?
Interviewer:  Well you know it's just a a an ordinary dog who's it's not a pure breed like a German police but it's several different types? You'd just say that's just an old
472:  Oh! A feist or a feisty bull mix I've known things like that feisty bull you know that that that makes a pretty {X} little dog!
Interviewer:  Right {NW}
472:  Feisty bull. And then we have uh {NW} what we call these bulldog catch dogs. Of course we call that. A lotta catch dogs but a bulldog catching holes you know. You can depend on a bulldog. Of course he ca- whatever he catches he hold it for you you get that.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Like a hog or a cow
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  {NW} It's {NW} see a bulldog I hate to say that but they really make a cow holler whenever they get a hold to 'em and they hold on too! Just don't turn her lose.
Interviewer:  Oh me.
472:  So we uh if I had stock I'd have me a catch dog. To catch 'em and make 'em go. And they'll learn a dog too. They'll obey a dog to where they obey dog cuz that dog'll make 'em stay put.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear people call a dog something like a cur dog or a mongrel or
472:  Uh yeah. Cur dogs and um let's see uh uh Great Danes there's all kinds of dogs. And uh feists, there's several kind of feists. One they call a spit feist. Spit feist. He small too. But these cur dogs are pretty good yard dogs but you get a pu- pair of buddy cur dogs you got a good yard dog. They keep out everything they they'll bite you if you go in the yard.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  But just a common dog a mixed dog I call 'em you can get by them pretty good. Now German police I I I'll admire them in other words I paid more attention to a German police than any other kind I have a right to. Because I worked at the creeks down here Below at the creeks uh Melvis's Plantation between here and {X} crossway you know? Melvis's Plantation? And uh I worked at uh night watch down there for those people. Big farm and sawmill. And they had a big German police black one and I walked up to get some milk up at the dairy one evening and that dog was loose and he came running to me and rared up on me with his feet. And laid his head upside of mine and you talking about growling and snapping his teeth. {NW} That was something and I was so nervous I was getting so weak. I reckon I'd've fell under him more while he's heavy And he's a daring me not to go to that gara- not to go to that dairy. He didn't want me to go in you see. Well his master found out and he and that he was after he heared it. He come to the door and hollered and told me he got out and went on by. And I was so lifted I was so happy.
Interviewer:  {NW} I imagine so. {NW}
472:  Why he could a tore me all to pieces
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Just eat me up. They dangerous! That's the reason why I'm armed and pay more attention just to see if they don't get a hold to {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  gets out a dog
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  or a Great Dane on you or a police dog.
472:  Yeah. That's right.
Interviewer:  Now you were telling me about you were talking about stinging insects. Do y'all have these things that make nests that look like they're made outta paper on the side of your house?
472:  Hor- uh wasps' nest. Wasps yeah! Them wasps they are terrible. Uh if they if they find you out before you find them out mostly. It's when that happens. You get into it before you know it. They'll let you know who you like And they just sting you and it hurts so long and so bad 'til it you're about throw you into fever if there's many of 'em sting you at the time.
Interviewer:  Yeah I remember I went throwing a ball around in the front yard with my brother and it went in the bushes and I went in there face first. Bam bam bam three of 'em got me right
472:  Oh you know what I'm talking about.
Interviewer:  {NW} It really hurt.
472:  Yeah it hurts. Really hurts. And we have another one me- builds a nest a paper nest we might call it like that. But it's called a hornet! He works he build in swamps mostly. Hardly ever seen one out here nowhere. He builds nests as big as flour barrels. Big as tubs or longer than tubs. They build {X} big nests and and they are terrible bee. They terrible. And if you go to bother their they're nests they come to you like a a bullet out of a rifle. And they they say I've never had one to do it but they say if they you stir 'em up one'll hit you right there between the forehead.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  And when he hit you he pop the sting in. And does his work. When he hits you. If you bother with 'em.
Interviewer:  Guess that'll knock you down I imagine.
472:  Yeah! Yeah I I've had 'em s- t- and tell me they could almost knock you down it hit you so hard when they come just like a bullet. And when they hit you they sting you. Hurt you. And they are bad and they dangerous. You don't see many of them around. You see 'em come catch houseflies they'll come to your house to catch houseflies. Carry 'em back to the little ones. Feed the little ones I guess.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Yeah this insect that makes a nest looks like it's made outta mud? Sometimes you see them on the side of your house?
472:  Oh dirt daubers yeah. Yeah we have dirt daubers. Now my I was talking to my daughter over the phone this week and she says Daddy they ha- they hadn't got a screen yet for the front door it's just been built. And she said Daddy they're coming in and\ building nests on my curtains! Oh thank you mail carrier. Hello. Wow thank you do much for bringing me this
Aux:  {NW}
Interviewer:  It's a bill?
472:  #1 {NW} #
Aux:  #2 {X} # wondered if you wanted to say thank you {X}
472:  Oh yeah well I had to I reckon I had my girlfriend in mind.
Aux:  Yeah?
472:  {X}
Aux:  {NW}
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Yeah. Don't like the bills. But we have to pay 'em.
Interviewer:  Especially from the power company.
472:  Yeah that's true. And you know we've got a light out here and we call 'em and I've talked to 'em and they still haven't come and fixed our uh streetlight.
Interviewer:  Oh.
472:  It just feels light all about. Course and it helps us so much {C: car starting} {X} {NS} And they just can't come {X} I'll never put a pitiful mouth up to 'em when I go to pay this bill.
Interviewer:  {NW} {NS} Maybe it'll help
472:  Yeah. It will have. I put in there said {D: your man} {X} No if I I tell you what. {NS} If I can get this in to 'em and let 'em know that I mean business and I really do love 'em with God's love. You know that'll do things where nothing else won't Yeah If I bring to 'em God's love and tell 'em how much we appreciate it we'd appreciate it. Tell 'em how much we did appreciate it while it was up to me. I believe they'll come on and do something about it. But they they was over a hundred lights out here in town two weeks ago.
Interviewer:  Huh.
472:  And then any God I heard i- they didn't have but two men to do this so would do this. Uh and that may be the trouble see I won't I won't force 'em. I I I won't force 'em. But we could really use this light to- today.
Interviewer:  Well maybe they come take care of it before too long.
472:  Yeah I trust that they will.
Interviewer:  That dirt dauber that you were telling me about does he sting?
472:  Yeah they will sting you if you mess with 'em {X} too much. They got a terrible sting there too. {X} long tail sticking out their behind.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Do you have any insects around here that build a nest in the ground and will swarm on you?
472:  Such as yellow jackets?
Interviewer:  Yes sir. {C: train whistle}
472:  Yeah and bumblebees. Yeah I've been hit to both of 'em I know about them things. {NS} Yes sir I can tell you a story about them bumblebees um yellow jacket. Long years ago we used to I used to be great to when I was just a boy coming up run around playing my shirttail out in the yard. And get a hatchet or something and go chopping on trees {NS} and I got into a nest of them yellow jacket one time and they liked to eat me up So they are terrible the yellow jacket are. So many and they don't come off of you 'til you pull 'em off. {X} You run 'em off You'll get him off mighty quickly
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {X} And a bumblebee he just about as bad. {NS} I've had them sting me too. Yeah the yellow jacket.
Interviewer:  You have one a little insect that's bad about uh getting up under your skin and making it itch? Kinda burrowing into your skin?
472:  No I uh I we have what they call redbugs. Yeah. And the red bug'll get on yo- on you- body and he'll make a bump. And if you don't get him off if you don't find him out uh he will just swell around then and he'll be uh like a tick.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  A tick'll go in too you know if he stays on you too long. Course uh like it is now people takes more bath and more regular than they used to and they keep 'em off pretty well. I had something on one of my shoulder blades here a while back it felt like one but Nevertheless I couldn't see back there and I couldn't reach back there but I take and scrape it all I could stand. It was sore. And I sometime {X} believe it was a little old seed tick got on my shoulder blade So when I take a bath I take the cloth and clean my back with a cloth you know? And I could uh level with that place and it was so tense it was sore And I still believe that was a tick on my shoulder but it's gone now. I guess he shed it off. {X} But anyhow uh that's the way they do you and they call you how it feels when you haven't got on you And bite you. {NS} At the time.
Interviewer:  I see. What about these insects that are bad about getting in your clothes and eating holes in 'em?
472:  Oh moths?
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Yeah. Moths and roaches'll do that too crickets. {NW} them crickets are bad about getting into your clothes. If they can get in the house.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  And if it ain't a mighty tight house they coming in.
Interviewer:  Right
472:  They gonna visit you.
Interviewer:  I had one get in my I didn't know what that thing was get in I heard something uh in my bedroom at night and I was trying to sleep and woke me up making all kinda racket and I looked and I looked turns out it's just a little one little old cricket making all that noise.
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Drives me crazy
472:  Yeah they sure are. ms Beeler has a frog out there in that bush that she goes by the weather. When that frog hollers you can just about figure on the rain at night or the next day. So night before last he really did holler. And he come a rain. I pay attention to that too. {X} we have a frog that'll holler. And the crickets will holler a lot of times before it comes up a rain. They'll just make alarm out there and we got uh what they call katydids up in them oaks. At night to keep you awake if you if if if you're easy to keep awake. {X} holler {NW} My poor dad he used to do this though. We lived close to a big old tree and they just {X} he'd just go out in the yard and build a fire and that was all there. You can hear them old katydid cuz he went in that fire They'll go for fire at night you know. Most any bee or fly will. And that's where he got rid of them katydids
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard of anything as being called a candle fly?
472:  Candle fly? Oh yeah. Lots of candle flies. Candle flies are start- uh worms. Webs. web worms One kind of get in your crib of corn or any crib where there's uh storage stuff and lay them eggs and it'll it'll perform uh webby trash. {X} And they'll get mad to where s- accumulate worms in there at the end to eat up whatever it's laid on Like those butterflies we have in the gardens lay on them plants. And two nights there's a worm there eating up the leaf That's the way that happens. A little white butterfly. And we know that happens. And he gives to a lot of trouble. This candle fly he's terrible too to get into things. And I tell you what these worms will accumulate that he makes They'll raise another fly They'll be another {D: candle fly} Another candle fly. They come out of that egg. Out of the worm. He'll he'll he'll die. hatch out of what? Hatch out a- another candle fly.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Just like a worm on a {D: katabi} tree When that worm goes in the ground know you'll never see him no more. But them eggs is in him and next year they hatch out come {X} {D: If you read just them leaves you can} {D: let} hatch out crawl back up tree. That's the way they accumulate.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Do you have this insect around here that you see at nights and they'll blink on and off?
472:  That's what you call a lightning bug I was just looking for the last few nights. I just love to see 'em. But yeah they come in the early spring and they will last a way in the summer but {NS} like it is is so much poison {NS} And uh uh poison in the air now until it's just about killed all of them bugs we believe that I believe that's what we will They used to come around here to spray at night and in the evening you know with a spray?
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Well it gets everything all kinds of insects. It'll even get these little town birds. Course when they printed it's kill when the insect is killed the bird eats 'em and that's it. It gets the bird. Uh anything it eats. And it's real good on them skeeters though. But do we love it? But in a way I don't like it. I don't want. I don't want to see nothing like that. I'd rather fight the mosquito or get behind the screen. From the mosquitoes
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  than to have the air polluted polluted that's what I'm trying to say.
Interviewer:  It does get pretty bad.
472:  Pollution yes sir. For ms Preach on that street over yonder if the wind is blowing it'll go right over there. It'll go clean across town uh across the streets. And that's the reason why they that I don't like to see 'em come around you know they ain't been around a good while now. {X}
Interviewer:  You know talking about insects sometimes when you go fishing this insect with this long thin body come flying along and land on your pole and you had to twitch it to get it off?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What do you call that one?
472:  Uh some of 'em called 'em dragonflies I call 'em mosquito hawks. Mosquito hawks he gets the mosquitoes. I ha- and I used to see young gal with a broom kill 'em in the evening you know? In the yards?
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  They'd be catching them skeeters. Man if I see one doing that now I tell him what he's doing. He don't realize what he's doing. He's killing that mosquito hawk that eats up {x} insects. He's killing {X} killing 'em. And that's wrong to kill 'em I think. I wouldn't do it. Mosquito hawk.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard people call that mosquito hawk a snake doctor?
472:  Never have. Never have. But uh they got another thing when you're fishing that bothers you. That's a yellow fly. They come in in the month of June and they come in and stay in all of June. And they go out July.
Interviewer:  I see one of your squirrels over there you got on the end of that limb of that dead tree.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Is that a cat squirrel? Can you see him?
472:  Yeah it's a cat squirrel. {NS} He's picking on the ear of that corn I'm gonna watch him. If he gets to doing that I'll get him away from over there. Smile while you sticking on getting the ear of corn.
Interviewer:  {NW} You ready?
472:  Yeah. {NS} If he if he knows don't you see I'll watch him and when another one I'll pu- break it off. {NS} Shelter {NS} and put it in a tub and put it in the sunshine {NS} so when they dry for the meal. I'm gonna make my bread out of that that's my big one. The corn.
Interviewer:  What do you uh call a uh corn you know that's tender enough to eat right off the cob?
472:  Roasting ears. Roasting ears. We had a little girl a little young girl come here with the people this weekend and she wanted to know about that corn was it right out there. My corn. Uh she was talking about somebody had given her some roasting ears a bunch and she was wondering about my corn was it good to eat too? And she says is it ripe? Is it ripe? Is it alright to eat? I said yeah. But it's too hard to eat roasting ears now. I said it's not roasting ears I didn't know what she meant. But I learned as she left by them that she was looking for some roasting ears to eat. Off of the cob. But it's hard now and whenever it gets hard I use it for meal. Dry it good and carry it to the mill have it ground. Then I have my winter break.
Interviewer:  #1 Do that #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  the roasting ears do they have that stuff that you have to brush off the
472:  Silks.
Interviewer:  {NS}
472:  They have silks uh-huh. The roasting ears has silks and you have to clean it uh shuck it and silk it. And then uh put it in the water wash it wash it good and uh then you take a knife and cut it off if you hadn't got a a wa- a if you hadn't got one of these uh graters you can grate it with. I got one of those now I just call it a grater that you grate it with. Cut it off real fast. And then you can can it and put the can of {X} but this corn actually gets too hard for the roasting ears you can use it for meal.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  Or feed stock or whateve- how much ever you got. I only use mine in bread. And then I can take this meal after now and show you how you can come up with it. You can take this meal after it get in my home I take me a s- couple spoonfuls and put in a thin frying pan set it on the stove and parch it. Brown it. Just to just color it good. And put just a little bit of salt in that and then put it in a jar. And you talking about a delicious meal that you got.
Interviewer:  What kind of bread is that?
472:  It's it's cornmeal parched. And uh you put it in a jar put you a little bit of salt better not put much. It'll ruin it. Just to keep the taste little longer just to your taste And uh put it away in a jar and then every now and then you take a spoon go by there and get you a spoonful. And eat it. You can't hardly stop going for two or three spoonfuls.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  So good. It's got the best flavor to it you ever put in your mouth and uh but you better you got to learn how to eat it! Because you'll suck it down your windpipe.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  And it'll powder in your mouth whatever 'til slobber hadn't wet it you see.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Alright. If if you draw a breath like that you ought not to die. You choke. Uh but anyhow you learned how to eat it and eat it slow. And it's one of the best things you can come up with. That is in the uh um nut line I'd call it.
Interviewer:  it's not cornbread?
472:  No it ain't cornbread it's just made to put in a jar. {NS} Brown it put it in a jar or something like
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 {X} # {X} And just use it with a spoon every night.
Interviewer:  Do you like cornbread?
472:  Hoo yeah I cook cornbread all the time. I'm having to buy my cornbread now though. I run outta meal.
Interviewer:  How do you like to fix your cornbread?
472:  Oh I like to take in uh take it out and put it in the what I make it up in and put me some flour in it. And if it's not self-rising flour I have to put your salt. Season it. And then uh put a little baking powder some old baking powders in it. And stir it up good and make it up with meal. I'll break a egg in it if I got it first. Stir it and then put the milk in. If I ain't got milk I'll use water. And then put it in the pan. I'd cook it on top of the stove or put it in the oven and cook it. Either way. It'll work either way.
Interviewer:  Is there anything else any other kind of bread you made with cornmeal?
472:  No I don't don't reckon so. Uh yeah you can make what's called muffins. Make it into muffins. Put it into them little pan call it muffin bread. You can do that.
Interviewer:  what about these uh you know these round things that have some onion in 'em? Some people like to eat 'em with fish?
472:  Oh uh but get acquainted with this boy.
Interviewer:  Huh?
472:  Hey! Uh this is
Interviewer:  doing here?
472:  This is uh Kelly Boy.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  Lives uptown that's who I thought you were when you when you came up the other day Mr Kelly boy
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  And uh got to looking found different. Well alright uh he's our neighbor.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  We we really enjoy him. He's a good friend he's a good worker.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Better worker than anything else I reckon. He's really good.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  We proud of him.
Interviewer:  So you call those things
472:  #1 Uh #
Interviewer:  #2 uh #
472:  muffins. Little muffins you can make outta cornbread.
Interviewer:  Have you ever made yourself any hushpuppies?
472:  I do that all the time when I got fish. To cook fish if I cook it myself? That's I don't want the fish without them hush- uh hushpuppies. {X} And I take them things and I can just make 'em to where you're at {NS} you just nobody eat too many of 'em.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  I can put that seasoning in 'em you know? Teeny bit of pepper and uh onions. Cut up a lot of onions.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  And I make 'em up in the put a little flour in my meal just like I'm gonna use it for bread. and then make all of that together stir it up. Get it ready. When my fish gets done then your supposed to dig 'em out with a spoon and put them in there in the grease hot grease. Cook 'em brown took 'em out. Cool them up and they're ready to go. {NS} It's really good. I love hushpuppies. I hardly ever I don't cook fish unless I cook some hardly. They's so good.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of people talk about uh pone of cornbread or corn pone? Something like that?
472:  uh yeah they make 'em in pones you can make it in pones now it's gotta be you got That's the way you make it that a way. You take it make it up take your hand make a pone lay it in that side of the pan then you make another one fill up the pan too you know? You have a pan or two to fill up. Called pone.
Interviewer:  So a pone's just a
472:  Pones is made with your hand. And lay it in the side of the pan. In it 'til it fills it up there
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah. You bake 'em.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  That's called pone cornbread. Pone cornbread.
Interviewer:  I see. What about can you take uh your cornmeal and make your make your batter and then kind of pour it out and cook 'em in little flat round
472:  Oh W- well now that's called uh I call that uh butter cakes. Powder cakes outta cornmeal yeah. That's the way you cook 'em too. {NS} And that's good. But {NS} you use flour in that in that in that way. I'd call 'em uh flapjacks.
Interviewer:  Is a
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  and a flapjack the same thing?
472:  No it's all the same but it's {X} if you make 'em outta cornbread they would wouldn't answer so well with syrup and all of that you see that's the reason why. {NS} {X} bread {NS} made out of uh the flour flapjacks that's to eat cor- uh syrup with mostly.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  {X} but cornbread is made for other things.
Interviewer:  {X} Have you ever heard of hoecake? What is that?
472:  Hoecake. That's uh a big bunch a flour cooked in a in a ba- in a it's a batter but it's made a whole big hoecake outta that. It's made a big thing
Interviewer:  It's pretty big.
472:  Yeah it's like the pone cornbread but it's all together. And you bake it in the stove or on the top and that's what's called a hoecake.
Interviewer:  But it's made outta cornmeal.
472:  No outta flour.
Interviewer:  Outta flour?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
472:  Hoecake. Yeah. A- but meal I don't have made hoecakes outta meal. Made outta flour.
Interviewer:  You ever heard of anything called a corn dodger?
472:  That's corn dodgers that's like uh corn dodger's like a the little cookies we cook in these little cans? What'd I call 'em a while ago? I forgot. Muffins. Only corn dodger is cooked uh in a long things. We call them corn dodgers.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  Cooked in long vessel
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  instead of the round. That'd be the difference.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  layered the same way but that's what they call 'em. Corn dodgers.
Interviewer:  You know some people say that they just two different kinds of bread there's the kind you make it home call that homemade bread and then the kind that you buy at the store you call that
472:  Well {NS} bread made at home is it's either be a pone a bread or a hoecake. I mean a just bake it in there. Well or you could call a cornbread a hoecake if you put it in the pan and cook it all together. It would go as a hoecake too.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  That's right
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  That's right. But anyway no there's no difference in no bread. That wouldn't make no difference in uh the meal that you buy at the store and the meal that I get out of the field in other words. It's all the same {X} Cook it either way. Any kind of way you wanted to do it. {NS} That's where the difference comes. That's all the difference to me. You cooked either one of 'em ei- either way you want it to. There's no difference in the store-bought bread and uh bread you cook at home in other words unless you buy uh loafs of bread or something like that.
Interviewer:  I see. Did you ever make these things at home you'd get your batter and you'd fix it up and pour it out and fry it in deep fat so you'd have a hole right in the middle of these things?
472:  That's what you call let me see what they call them now they call them donuts. Oh yeah. {NW}
Interviewer:  You haven't made those at all?
472:  I never have no I ain't made them.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  But I've saw 'em made. Donuts yeah. That's made outta flour. Donuts.
Interviewer:  If you were going to bake yourself some bread what would you have to put in it to make it rise?
472:  Well I'd have to get the old Clabber Girl baking powder.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  What they got old Clabber Girl baking powder is all I've ever known. And uh but my seasoning then of salt and season it with put that enough of that in have to learn how to put a amount of that in. {X} according to the according to bridge to make a to make it rise {X} Mix the flour though regardless. It does better with flour. And you put this baking powders in it. And then you have bake your hoecakes then.
Interviewer:  Was there anything that you could use besides baking powder to make it rise?
472:  uh I haven't learned it.
Interviewer:  Maybe yeast?
472:  Well yeast yeast'll uh make uh dough rise but I've never used no yeast to put it in uh just take the yeast and put it in the bread to make it go all at once no. But you can take and make your yeast if you can get you some yeast made you can put that yeast in the bread then instead and you got something's real good. And ah a preacher! Here he comes. His wife is a bread maker and she was supposed to make yeast bread. And she buys this yeast at the store and called herself making yeast bread. But when I got some of it I found the difference. If sh- if sh- {X} she gonna make me no more and I ain't get to talk to her I say don't put no more sugar in it. I don't want no sweet at all in my bread. And I said then I ca- love it better but then it's not the kind that I thought she was gonna bring me I thought she was gonna bring some that's rise up. and when you're cut a loaf it'll perfume the house. Or or something like that now I said that's the yeast I'm talking about. Something or another that'll {NS} that'll taste good {NS} in your mouth.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Yes. And it's healthy too. Believe it or not. If I hear 'em say you should drink a little uh beer for the stomach say in other words uh some do uh but it's the yeast that you get in your stomach in your body that does the work good It's good as hell
Interviewer:  {NW} Right.
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  I see. What do you usually eat for breakfast?
472:  Well I will say this mostly what I got Uh if I hadn't got an egg and grits I use uh I have some usually have some canned stuff that we people mix. Seventh-Day Adventist Movement. Can some stuff that's meatless. But you think you've got meat when you're cooking it and when you taste it. And that's the kind of food we tend to buy and have on hand for our breakfasts. Then we cook our grits and flavor it with a gravy out of that. We eat this stuff. Or we take some of the juice out of the can and flavor our stuff that we eat with it. If we got it. If not you can buy at the store now you can buy this uh meatless uh meat. They call it. It's looks just like bacon. But it's meatless it ain't no meat in it it's veg- made outta vegetable. And I think it came from our movement. Uh {D: Loma Lan- Loma La- Loama Linda} {D: Loma Linda} A place called {D: Loma Linda} uh where they make this stuff. And we believe I believe that that's where it come from this meatless stuff that you can buy at the store.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah. And you just think you're frying bacon. But you don't fry it but just eat it hot good because it'll just crimp up so lightly {X} you know. Just don't do good it's hard!
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  But if you put it in that hot oil and just turn it over and take it out just as tender and nice and tastes so good.
Interviewer:  If you wanted to buy a lot of bacon except might you have it sliced you'd say you'd have to buy a whole of bacon.
472:  No you just well you what you do there you just buy a piece of meat slice your own bacon. Uh you can do that you can buy a whole side of a hog. I reckon you can now uh a big piece, and cut you cut your own meat off. Slice it off with a knife. Fry it. Fry it like that. But they they've got it ready-sliced now you buy it. you pay a whole lot more for it but then you got it ready-sliced.
Interviewer:  Is that side of a hog called the middling?
472:  Yeah they call that middling meat. Yeah. {NS} Belly part of the middling. {X} I hear a lot of 'em's supposed to season the bean with a piece of side belly. Call it {NW} put put it in the uh beans or something
Interviewer:  Do you put any greens maybe?
472:  Yeah Whatever you got cooking. Boil it. Uh season it with that. Hog meat. But we don't use any {X} Seventh-Day Adventist don't use hog meat.
Interviewer:  I see. What do- how do you like your eggs fixed?
472:  Well I'd rather have mine just poached like to put on my grits. Well either I boil my egg you cut it up and put mayonnaise something like that on perhaps. That's good. {NS} Toast me some bread then to go with it. Then I used whole for uh I mean I use wheat bread. Wished I did have some whole wheat bread to use. But I use wheat bread. Partly If I can't get wheat bread I get roman meal which is kind of a wheat but otherwise
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  {D: Gotcha}
Interviewer:  What do you call the two parts of an egg? You got the
472:  Yolk and white. Yeah. The yolk and white.
Interviewer:  Now the yolk is that's the color uh what color is
472:  Yellow.
Interviewer:  Yellow.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I always get those confused.
472:  Yeah. Now y- you take a some eggs you got two yolks. Double yolk. Them's big eggs. {NW}
Interviewer:  I imagine. {X}
472:  They are big though. And that's the kind I buy most of the time if I can find 'em. {X} So I just cook me one egg but if I have to buy those little ones I got double trouble wait now I hope the uh the uh store men don't hear me.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  I'd worry about that.
472:  If I buy the little egg I I have two to break. If I want two two yolks {NS} I need enough for my meal.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Big eggs give me a meal by itself.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  Boil it fry or however I wanna cook it.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  I tend to boil. Uses {X} Told you I was lazy to start with
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
472:  #2 #
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Or
Interviewer:  when you used to eat uh bacon or some other kind of meat with your breakfast did you ever uh like to eat this uh spicy hot meat {X} Uh we- never did care about too much spices Cannot lie. I never did. I believe it but I'm not I don't like it too well. {X}
472:  You could get it
Interviewer:  #1 {D: in} #
472:  #2 Such # as ham and all that. I never did like too much spice in hams either when I eat hog meat like that. This lady brought the mail to me? She d- d- uh she's the last one to ever give me a piece of ham to eat.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
472:  that's the last ham I ever eat in my life was there lady brought it to me.
Interviewer:  Did you like to eat that stuff that you could get in links or patties?
472:  Sausage. Yes uh really a pig after a uh weenies. Weeny sausages.
Interviewer:  You don't eat that anymore though?
472:  I'd rather not. Keep all animals systematic Uh hog meat is fine for some people I reckon but it's too rich anyway for people to eat. It is it's just too rich and they'll tell you that theirselves. If you eat very much of it it'll make you sick. It's just too rich a meat to eat. And we rather eat beef if we're going to eat meat or fish scale fish Or beef.
Interviewer:  What did people call the man who uh sold meat and uh compared it uh with
472:  Merchant. It come from the merchant house. All of this meat comes from the merchant house. From merchant merchant.
Interviewer:  Do you still have people uh like a butcher?
472:  Oh yeah. No not around here we don't have none right around us. But we got butchers uh far and near you know you send they s- the butcher can send it to you whole and then we got a butcher he- here in the store to cut it up. Now that might be what you're coming up with. {X} he he's a meat-cutter we call him.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  He
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  And and he's good enou- I mean he can cut it most any way a person wants it {X} Well I heard the same thing
Interviewer:  Did y'all put a when you were growing up did you have uh hog-killing time? {NS}
472:  Yeah. We used to have a hog-killing time in the Fall and the cold weather we had to wait the cold weather on account of the flies! And things like that would uh gnats take over We'd just wait 'til wintertime it's the best time to kill meats of any kind. Wintertime. Where you won't 'til you can get to put it away you see.
Interviewer:  Did you make anything with meat from his head?
472:  Yeah souse. Call hog hog head cheese. People called it now hog head cheese. We called it souse back there. At that time and uh then we pickled the meat my father always went and bought a lotta salt and would take the washpot and put that salt and water in there. They would put that salt in there until this brine would float a egg. That's how strong you wanted it.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Til floating {NW} when it start floated a egg then he let it cool and uh he'd have his meat uh put in a barrel. And he'd pour this brine in over with his meat. And that's the way he picked up his meat.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  In that brine. And then the first two weeks after the first two weeks he took that brine outta that meat took that meat out laid it on a table and took that brine that was left and add to it and make some more new brine put in there and then that was it for the year.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Yep that's it for the year.
Interviewer:  Did y'all ever do anything with the liver? Hog's liver?
472:  No no more than just cook it and eat it. Never put it away or nothing.
Interviewer:  Didn't make any
472:  #1 We'd give away and #
Interviewer:  #2 grind it up make it into a # pudding or anything?
472:  No. No I saw we had one auntie one time made us a blood pudding out of it. Caught the blood? Stuck the hog and caught the blood and made pudding out of it.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  But we didn't eat it. Wasn't u- I didn't like it.
Interviewer:  I don't think I would either.
472:  Uh-uh. And the Bible's strictly against that. The Bible's strictly against hog hog pudding. Blood pudding. Big time. So we we'd uh give and take other word we had a big hog killing we had a lotta help. And we'd divide out all the stuff that we couldn't take away.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  And we'd just have a big union meeting you know. Cook a lotta these lites and livers together cook 'em real tender and {NS} have 'em. And the tongue we'd use the tongue sometimes. In well {NW} Never waste throwed away no hog tongue.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of people around here eating brains and eggs?
472:  Lots yeah. I have eat 'em myself. Brains and eggs. But I don't eat no more. That way I wouldn't want that. I'd just rather not do that. But if it's but a little tender beef I'll eat it and uh scale fish.
Interviewer:  You ever heard of anything called a scrapple?
472:  Scrapple. No.
Interviewer:  Something you'd make with hog meat and cornmeal. Cook it fry it.
472:  No I never heard of that one I don't believe. Never heard of that. Scrapple.
Interviewer:  You mentioned um Clabber Girl baking soda a minute ago what i- what is clabber?
472:  Cl- clabber? That's what we call clabber is uh milk curdled {X} it goes to clabber. Cow milk from well fresh from a cow what ain't been {NW} demolished I call it to all the good fat took out. It'll clabber and after it clabbers then you take this clabber and put it in a churn. Leave the cream on it. Uh put the cream in there with it and then you churn it and you got buttermilk. Well that's what we call clabber when it turns hard like that.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  So it turns hard like that.
Interviewer:  Is there any kinda cheese you can make outta that clabber?
472:  Yeah you can ca- uh you can uh make uh white cheese out of it. Strain it and make white cheese out of this clabber out of this clabber.
Interviewer:  Is that white cheese uh is that li-
472:  Oh clabber cheese.
Interviewer:  Clabber cheese?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Is that the same thing as cottage cheese?
472:  Co- yeah it's the same thing. Cottage cheese. But we call it clabber cheese if we make it ourselves. That's where a- where that other is made from too.
Interviewer:  Ever heard of uh the inside parts of a chicken or a hog called the haslet or hashlet or harslet anything like
472:  No the hog a hog has a haslet. Hog haslet.
Interviewer:  Which part is that?
472:  Well let me see now. that grows on the little {C: silence}
Interviewer:  Now that melted. Yeah
472:  About to melt?
Interviewer:  Yes.
472:  Well that was my um that was my free part that was a the part that I liked better than any other part of the hog was its melt I'd rather have the melt than the than to have the tripe uh {X}
Interviewer:  Where where exactly you said that was around the liver?
472:  Yeah melt grows right in there close to the liver. The hog melt. It's a long thing looks like a tongue something's tongue the melt does. It's the shape of a tongue. But it's a sweet meat. It's just just right I mean just real good.
Interviewer:  What's that?
472:  Oh they working over there. Yeah.
Interviewer:  That hashling you say is hog mixed up?
472:  Yeah that's what you call hog hash. Hog hash. Cook it all up together. Cook it all up together and cook it. And it's really good everybody likes that. It's really good.
Interviewer:  Did you ever take the uh what's that he got
472:  Wheelbarrow.
Interviewer:  {NW} Is that your's? No, it belongs to Ms {X} They've been hauling something like they've been cutting something. Did y'all when you were eh talking about hog-killing time did you ever take the intestines and clean 'em out real good and stuff some sausage in 'em?
472:  No. Jenny always never did that well yeah the old folks did way back yonder but now they just clean 'em and cook 'em. Cook 'em boil 'em and then take 'em up cut 'em up and fry 'em.
Interviewer:  What do you call that
472:  Uh {NS} chitlins.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  All the chitlins.
Interviewer:  You like those?
472:  Yeah I used to eat 'em like a pig and I don't eat 'em no more.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Away from it now.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  Yeah. Eat 'em like a pig. {NS} Sometimes they'll put on 'em boil a {X} and I come in here {X} {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  I can get outta here
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  {NW} I heard they don't smell too good when they're cooking.
472:  They make you sick almost.
Interviewer:  Really?
472:  Some people like to smell 'em. I don't. I don't like to smell 'em. Too much too much. That's getting too much of it. I I got to le- let them have that
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  You know tal- we were talking about the house. Some houses have a a place right underneath the roof that you climb up to you can use for storage or something like that?
472:  I don't {NW} I'm not acquainted with that.
Interviewer:  {NW} Call the attic?
472:  Oh attic. Oh yeah. Uh they have uh a house that's not a up st- stair house but it's place room up there that you can have a what they call a attic to store stuff in.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Yeah my brother's got one at his house down here at White House Fork.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  And they store stuff up there that they don't need. Well I like for the winter they use heavy bedding. And in the summer they can stack it up there you see.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  But you had to keep check on 'em so that they uh won't mold or something you know. That weather'll make 'em mold any kinda the shell a mold inside.
Interviewer:  #1 Yes sir. #
472:  #2 {D: Don't} # watch.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  But anyhow they take care of it and that's what that attic's for. Store stuff in like that.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  Or some little something you don't need.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  Get that outta the way.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  No creek don't strike that match It's that forest consumed
Interviewer:  {X} burn up something?
472:  {NW} Yeah
Interviewer:  You didn't mean to. How many of those uh those things grow grow on trees or bushes?
472:  Vines.
Interviewer:  Vines.
472:  I got me one coming out yonder. Whole what maybe they put on something else
Interviewer:  He sa- I guess they just grow kind of like grapes?
472:  Yeah. Go ahead and eat all of 'em you want.
Interviewer:  I will. {NW} You don't have to ask twice it tastes real good. Well we were talking about uh you know stinging insects uh it kinda reminded me about snakes do y'all have any um bad snakes around here? Poisonous?
472:  I think yeah I guess we got every kind excepting a a cobra. Uh we got a lots. Uh that rattlesnake I believe is about the worst we have.
Interviewer:  He's pretty bad isn't he?
472:  Oh yeah. I wouldn't want him no worse. #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # No I don't guess so.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  A rattlesnake's pretty bad around here huh?
472:  Yeah they are. They sure are.
Interviewer:  Any mo- moccasins things like that?
472:  Yeah around these branches Around these ponds. Lot a moccasins. But mostly right around here on this flat is adders. We have a black adder and we have a brown adder. Little brown adder.
Interviewer:  About how long are they? What do they look like?
472:  They grow from about this long to about that long.
Interviewer:  Around two feet?
472:  Yeah. Two feet long. They
Interviewer:  Are those poisonous?
472:  Uh I never have knowed nobody being poisoned by by 'em no way. They a mighty humble little snake. Whenever you walk up to it and he just flattens his head like that. And blows all he can blows {X}
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Is does that scare you? {NS}
472:  Yeah. Sure will. Then we have what they call a black runner. Black snake. around here. But I haven't saw no coach whips. You know coach whips had like to have life. I there's some here around now but not here in town I haven't saw one {NS} in town.
Interviewer:  And they're not poisonous are they?
472:  I don't know if they are or not. But there's certain times of the year they'll run you. And a black snake will too. In the mating times I guess.
Interviewer:  Oh. You ever heard of any king snakes being around?
472:  Yeah back out in the way way back out in the woods there's a lotta there's a lotta king snakes. Yeah. Oak snakes. King snakes and uh rat snakes. We have rat snakes around here. {x} rat snake.
Interviewer:  Chicken snake?
472:  Chicken snake we got them. But such is {X} We don't have any of them that I know of. I've saw some of them over here at Piggly-Wiggly's in the shelf They come around sometimes showing 'em you know.
Interviewer:  Oh.
472:  People do. I saw a man I saw a man kiss a cobra on top of the head over there
Interviewer:  Ah.
472:  one day I sure did.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Yes sir. Boy that thing had his head bowed up about that high. About that high.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  And that man kissed him right on top of his head.
Interviewer:  I think I can think of something better to do.
472:  Cobra and you know he just bite you you don't live but just a few minutes if they bite you. He sure did.
Interviewer:  Picked a hurry way to earn a living didn't he?
472:  But he made all them younguns and everybody around on the street he told 'em to be perfectly still and quiet. He waved his hands like that you know at that snake and that snake was watching his hands and he just {X} Not for me.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Oh boy
Interviewer:  {NW} {NS}
472:  He had a rattlesnake in a cage I don't know how big he was. {NS} He told me how much it weighed {NS} but said {NS} he said that them kind could out grew a man Could handle a man. When they fed him they just throw a live rabbit or anything in there. {X} I don't know what he u- it wasn't a rattlesnake it was another kind uh that he had I forgot the name of it. It sure was big.
Interviewer:  I can think of a lot of things that I'd rather kiss than a cobra.
472:  Uh yeah they look horny snake I reckon there is. {X}
Interviewer:  Talking about the house was there ever did people have those little rooms right off the kitchen where they might store canned goods or extra dishes?
472:  Yeah and they had uh but not to that so much as they had a smoke house. Where they smoked their meats. Now they stored a lot of stuff in them. They uh would put this stuff out in little houses well in fact I've got a little house out here now. Lot of stuff in it. Lot of stuff in it. {X} and he {X}
Interviewer:  What about pantry did people have those?
472:  Yeah I've saw that they yeah I've saw that. Pantry. Yeah call it pantry yeah. I'd forgot about that. But they they've had them too in the house backwards That's a little old storeroom. To my opinion. {X} what you store stuff in.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. You use to uh years ago on Mondays {NS} was there any {NS} one particular thing that uh women would do on Mondays?
472:  Oh that makes me think about uh that question makes me think about that uh {NS} the story I'd heard about Monday Tuesday Wednesday and Thursday would o- one day would be uh so they'd have certain kind of foods to eat and they'd eat 'em {X} but Wednesday especially I remembered was soup day.
Interviewer:  Wednesday was soup day.
472:  Soup day yeah.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  They call that soup day. {NW} It just I remember hearing 'em talk about soup day Wednesday.
Interviewer:  {C: clears throat} But there wasn't any one particular chore that {NS} you know just a housewife would do or something like that? She always did on Monday?
472:  No I don't remember too much about Monday. {NW} {NS}
Interviewer:  You know when she had all those dirty clothes that had been piling up all the week.
472:  Well {NW} people don't much have 'em now they tend to do that on the sabbath day or Sunday.
Interviewer:  What's that?
472:  Washing.
Interviewer:  {D: What?}
472:  {X} {NS} washing. But uh I don't know if they had any well I reckon some of 'em do keep 'em back to a Monday. Wash day. And then they had a certain day I think they mopped the houses. Sunday furniture and cleaned up.
Interviewer:  I see. {NS}
472:  And some of the women you know likes to change the furniture in the house.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Turn it around abouts you know? And{NW} they get up fuss for their husbands sometime bout that moving that bed. {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 I've I #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  heard that I've heard that there
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {NW} # They do. {NW}
Interviewer:  Can't seem to make up their mind about it.
472:  No uh sounds funny think about it. S- well I think I was down through life's journey I believe that uh husbands shouldn't be so hard on their wife that they won't you know they're they are they uh are a tight like they like to move things and change things around. And they have it different. {NS} Have different things you know. {NS} And uh some of 'em work real hard. Some of 'em like t- yard work you know. {NS} Some of 'em wouldn't hit a snake in the house. {X} {NS} {NW} {NS} {NW} {NS} I know that's a fact too {NW} {NS} And some of 'em I've I've been in homes where there just {NS} wasn't no house keeper but good cook. Boy we cooked good. Anything they wanna cook {X} then like that otherwise. Seen 'em like that.
Interviewer:  My grandmother's uh getting on up in years but she uh still able to cook pretty well.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Good cook.
472:  Yeah. {NS} My dad lived to be uh I forgot how old {NS} my mother was when she died. But daddy was ninety years old. Ninety years.
Interviewer:  What did uh do- can you remember people around here if they ever called their front porch by any other name?
472:  Well I heard a story about that down through life's journey that they called it a gourd.
Interviewer:  A gourd?
472:  A gourd. {NS} I don't know why that that come about but the man told me they used to call the front porches gourds. Gourds. And I don't know why they would call it a gourd. That's a name that that I never did never did register in my mind that they called it that I- why that they called it that you see. I don't know why they
Interviewer:  Wonder why that is
472:  Gourd. Oh yeah. I know of the I know of a real name now but that they uh have been called pizers Front pizer.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah. I've heard of that several times. Front pizer.
Interviewer:  Ever heard it called goward?
472:  Oh yeah. Goward and pizer and uh I think that's about all.
Interviewer:  What's that uh roof made out of {NS} on that you know the Beeseley's house over there?
472:  That's tin.
Interviewer:  It's what?
472:  Uh uh galvanized tin.
Interviewer:  Oh.
472:  {X} Yeah.
Interviewer:  Do you reckon it makes a racket when it rains?
472:  {NW} yeah. But you see there's so much lofting and everything it don't leak too bad. {NS}
Interviewer:  {NS}
472:  Yeah. That's
Interviewer:  Some people like to have a little noise when they go to sleep.
472:  Yeah I like a slow rain. Now I don't like nothing thicker no how. Excuse me. I paid out about twenty-five dollars to get them limbs cut from over mine one day. I don't like nothing beating on there. Uh I don't like e- something dripping off the house on a like a lid or something just throwed under there making a racket. No.
Interviewer:  Pretty aggravating
472:  I get up come in and get out there and move it.
Interviewer:  {NW} You ever see these things that people have on the side of their roof? {NS} You know they'll take the rainwater off?
472:  Them troughs. Yeah. I think they got a new name for their troughs now. We called 'em troughs.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  They I think they call them another name {X}
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah I I cleaned 'em out over here. People on the streets you know. stopped us. {X}
Interviewer:  Well you know some of these houses that have different slopes of the roof a place where two different slopes would meet like that
472:  That's that's what they call a uh gutter. Call them gutters. {NW}
Interviewer:  I see. You ever been up on a roof having to put on new shingles or anything?
472:  {NW} Oh lord {NS} Yeah. I've been up on that one right there putting a new top on it. Sure did. Teared the other one off {X}
Interviewer:  Beg your pardon
472:  Where where the nail the limb uh big old paper nails?
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {X} tearing that off getting tear all the way off that lumber
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  {NW} that'll work you boy. You just have to taking a grubbing hole and chop 'em off of there knock 'em off. You know we've had a mess with that. So when we put it back on there and we put we didn't even put no belt {X} we just put the uh tar paper on there right down on the roof on the lumber and then I tarred it and every other year I put tar on it. {X} {NS} Made another one {X}
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  You know on these uh frame houses. They'll have these boards on the outside and they're fixed so that they kinda overlap each other like that? You ever heard that called anything?
472:  Outside sealing or uh weatherboarding. That's uh what that {X} that's the way that one is.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Weatherboarded outside. Now and let's see there's uh oh {NW} weatherboarding's all I've ever heared I've heard about that.
Interviewer:  {X} what about shiplap? You ever heard of that?
472:  No I didn't never learnt that one.
Interviewer:  #1 {D: Uh-huh.} #
472:  #2 Ship- # lap.
Interviewer:  I see. Did uh people who lived around here did they ever have any little sheds or places little houses out back where they might keep tools or firewood?
472:  hey yeah. {X} These folks got a little shed back there me and the boy uh we fixed it up nicely and you know somebody come along and throw fire in there one night.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Yeah. And we had to pull the wood. {NW} And it caught fire and it was really burning. Really going. And uh two of the boys from college about one to two o'clock at night they worked from down here at the commons. They come along and uh discovered it. And uh come down here and woke the ladies up. I told her about it. And they took some uh took the little a hose and tried to out it but they couldn't do nothing with it. And it done burned up and burned into the other little house and had to call a firetruck. I woke up and that firetruck coming in here and boy I was upset I got outta here
Interviewer:  I guess so.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  Uh we've actually got it out but the wood is some of the wood we had that's hollow under it you know? It had got a fire under it and the water couldn't get to it. Mankind they used a hole tank of water out trying to get that fire out but eventually broke it out and knocked the back end out got it got to where they could get the water to flow. {X}
Interviewer:  Y'all had a little excitement around here.
472:  Sure did for {NS} a while. {X} uh they had to woke up the mighty just the big house apart I reckon
Interviewer:  {NW} {X}
472:  Yeah. The wind's been migh- the wind especially is burning up. Burning high.
Interviewer:  {D: Yes sir.} If I asked you about an expression say if if somebody came into your um {NS} front room and left the door wide open and you didn't want it to stay that way what would tell him to do?
472:  Huh?
Interviewer:  He just walked in left the door wide open.
472:  I would ask him to close it. If it needed to be closed. That's the way I the way I see it. {NS} I'd just ask him to close it.
Interviewer:  Ever heard of people saying anything else? Close it or
472:  Shut the door or
Interviewer:  Shut the door?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Do you think any one was more polite than the other one?
472:  Huh?
Interviewer:  One uh close the door or shut the door would one of those be any more polite than the other one? Nicer way of saying it?
472:  Oh no. {NS} I - I don't think either way it'd amount to anything either way because they both mean the same thing. Close and shut.
Interviewer:  Well tell me around here before people had indoor plumbing {NS} did they have a toilet out back?
472:  Sure right
Interviewer:  What was that called? Well it's called a they call it toilets. Outdoor toilets. Place to go.
472:  You still see those every now and then don't you? Yeah occasionally you do. Of course I had to use one of 'em when I was {X}
Interviewer:  Ever heard that called a outhouse?
472:  Yeah uh some people will call it that but a outhouse is like this little house here. It's what I've always {NS} heard them called. Carry it out to the outhouse.
Interviewer:  alright
472:  Go to the outhouse and get such-and-such.
Interviewer:  Just a little storage place?
472:  Oh yeah.
Interviewer:  Around here what kind of buildings did people have on their farms?
472:  Just old plain boarded houses most of 'em until things got booming and they got to making a lot of money and then they got to building the nice homes. And sometime I think about seem like the people thinks they gonna stay here forever you know they {NW} build them brick homes and have everything uh look like to last forever if they get it that way. And they spend a lot of money you know what I'm trying to say. They make good money but they spend a lot. And a lot of them making good money they overdo the thing they get these fine homes and it costs so much now 'til uh they'll break down and build up poor man now you see {X} Because they expensive it's too high. They can't. They won't {X}
Interviewer:  #1 Yes sir. #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Where would farmers around here keep their apples? If they want to keep 'em inside somewhere? {NS}
472:  Uh so that they don't allow no more in town. {NS} They have to get out of town.
Interviewer:  Well I mean like if you own a farm
472:  Oh.
Interviewer:  out in the country
472:  Yeah you'd have to have you a barn. A place to store something. Put your grain for {X} to have a barn.
Interviewer:  Do you keep cows in the barn?
472:  Yeah. Yo- they got to where now they uh have these big uh farms. Some of 'em even got dairy farms to keep the cows under 'em {X} and uh so you gonna have to have some uh buildings separate to keep your gain in you know such as corn grills and hay. You got to have some place to put your hay. Either up in a barn loft or make a hay rack.
Interviewer:  What's that?
472:  Uh that's s-put your {X} take down pile the hay around keep piling it around. Piling it around. And then you take your pitchfork pull it down on each side good and uh then when the rain falls on it they won't leave it just a little bit lost. and it'll just come hit that and just drain off you see the way the grass gets out there.
Interviewer:  Is that the same thing as a haystack?
472:  That's what it is a haystack. Haystack. {NS}
Interviewer:  Did y'all ever have any riding animals when you were growing up?
472:  Yeah uh long towards last daddy owned a horse uh and we had something to ride as a boy.
Interviewer:  Do you like to ride horses?
472:  Yeah I used to I wouldn't like to now I don't like it's whatever I used to like to ride.
Interviewer:  If you had a farm out in the country and you had horses where would you keep them inside? Like if you had bad weather?
472:  Well you'd have to have a big pasture and fix a big shed for them to go under. Uh some stalls for them to go in Or you might have to put 'em in the stalls cuz if two or three get in there together and tear it down you have to kinda separate 'em and uh put 'em in like that.
Interviewer:  Was there any s- uh special place on a farm where you'd milk your cows?
472:  Uh nothing but have a barn have a little shed somewhere to put 'em under.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Did y'all ever do much milking? Well we owned a cow all our life. Milk cow. Good milk cow. All our lives and uh was growing up and sometime it come bad weather we didn't have no shed. Just had a big pen and uh just before sundown at at rains it might would stop. Oh it'll stop about time to milk the cow and most of the time it would. And m- white milk. That worked out right.
472:  Yeah. It worked out right. I've noticed that lots.
Interviewer:  Did she ever uh when she was milking the cow say something to it to make it be still?
472:  {X} yeah. Yeah sometimes. Especially in the summertime when the flies are bad and she'd have a time with them flies That cow moving about knocking the flies. {X}
Interviewer:  She wouldn't say anything in particular to it though to
472:  No she wouldn't say anything much. Uh maybe the old cow just swish her tail around and hit her in the face.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Knocking the fly and she get after about that.
Interviewer:  You ever heard people uh say saw to 'em?
472:  Saw yeah! Uh I saw a lady one time had some cows to milk and one of 'em was bad to kick. And uh somehow or another she fastened a put a stick between her her hoofs and I don't know how she managed but she she left that stick bill against her side and it was between her hooves and when uh she tried to kick then she couldn't kick She wouldn't kick.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  When {X} Some of 'em couldn't milk cow won't even make you even milk 'em. hardly unless you put 'em in a bray
Interviewer:  What's that?
472:  That's a place built for them to go in you know? And you got a {NS} you got a little window there to milk 'em by. Now and uh see when one goes to kick you you can jerk your hand by it. Right out of the way That's a bray. If you uh some of 'em you can't milk 'em without having 'em in the bray. Some of 'em whenever you ain't got 'em in a bray if you feed 'em and they eat that feed before you get through milking 'em well that's all of it you don't get no more milk.
Interviewer:  {NW} {NS}
472:  You put more feed in there you know? Some of 'em been has uh trained their calves from little fellers. Small uh to keep 'em away until they get through milking 'em. They have a little stick you know? Bump 'em with it. Keep him back And the calves soon trained that he won't come there if she gets away. And he'll come a running then back to mother. Now maybe some of ems trained to eat with the mother. Before I were to milk 'em. Yeah that's the way to train 'em. Stop {X}
Interviewer:  Did you ever like if a cow was expecting to have a calf any expression that you mi- a farmer might use he might say that cow's gonna
472:  Come fresh. Come fresh. Or she'll be fresh in such-and-such a length of time.
Interviewer:  Right. What were some of the animals that you'd have on the farms around here?
472:  {NW} {NW} the saying is that you ha- you could have a sorry pangs a goat.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {NW} {NW} Have goats and uh uh cows and horses. And mules. And uh no it ain't no farm got no sheep hardly. I haven't saw no farm with a sheep. Unless they had a place special for them.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  That pasture place that {X} That's about all that I know.
Interviewer:  When you're talking about a herd a cattle what what do people call the male animal?
472:  Well the proper name is beast. A big beast. But I noticed in these days they got to where they say that's big old bull over yonder. Yeah they got a big bull. Old primer bull and a old white-faced bull and all that you know they just come up with it plain.
Interviewer:  In other words it used to be that it wasn't polite to say bull?
472:  Uh no people was mighty careful about how they talked about animals like that. Big old beast. They wouldn't hardly say bull they'd say uh they got a big old beast out there. And that old beast'll fight you something like that they they wouldn't say much about a bull. Or they would hear that word.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  But it's common now you know.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Yeah. Um
Interviewer:  Well what about horses what'd they call the male horse?
472:  Stallions. The male horses they called 'em stallions.
Interviewer:  Can you remember a time when it wasn't polite to say uh stallion or stud or Uh I've seen a time it wasn't right t- it wasn't plain to say uh stud. We'd say stallion.
472:  Call 'em studs. And I guess they had a reason for that it sounds too plain and too familiar. Stud horse. Uh they call 'em stallions. I guess that's why.
Interviewer:  What about the female what'd they call her?
472:  Well males and females they just call her a female. They wouldn't call her any other name. I don't think.
Interviewer:  Did you ever say mare?
472:  Yeah they call 'em mares yeah they had to name 'em that way mares. Uh instead of female they'd say mare. Stallion and mares and {X}
Interviewer:  I see. You say there weren't uh too many sheep raised around these parts.
472:  No. Sure wasn't. That old place I call we- we'd call Quincy you know? Uh they raised the man out there had some sheep Uh a few sheep at his house in a lot like. The last time I was through there {X} uh the sheep was still there but the old people was dead and gone. The younger generations keep 'em. I like sheep they're pretty things. And they clean and nice.
Interviewer:  What do people usually raise 'em for?
472:  Well you can raise 'em for to sell or you can raise 'em to uh sell the wool. Cut the wool and sell it.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Shear it what they call shearing you know? Shear the sheep. Certain times of the year.
Interviewer:  Do you remember what people call the male sheep?
472:  Yeah. Called him a ram. {NS}
Interviewer:  It's okay to say that?
472:  And it yeah and it the uh female they call 'em 'em ewes. Old ewes.
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
472:  A- and a and a deer now and a place calling a her any other name they call her a a doe. Call a sheep {X} {X} females {X}
Interviewer:  Yes sir. I see. Have you ever uh been around a farmer when he was calling to his cows to get 'em to come in from the pasture? And he'd just stand out there and holler? Yeah. Yeah. And uh. I saw 'em go in the woods way back yonder they had cattle in the woods people had lots cattle in the woods. Alright. They'd take a um uh salt and bring it out in sacks of salt. And these big logs I was telling you about {X} and they'd they'd pour this salt on them logs and uh on stumps whatever they could find to put it on and holler and those cows'd come from every which way {NW}
472:  just lowing you know. They'd come to get that salt. Yeah. And uh down here to about Atlanta where I used to stay uh it's usually had a lotta cows in the pasture to go about a mile or two down the river a- {X} it's a long ways and he could get out there and holler and just a few times you'd see them cows a coming one right behind the other up a trail. And they'd come 'til they'd get get there to get that feed or salt whatever you had for 'em to eat.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  But man they were a site to look at coming up that river bank.
Interviewer:  Do you remember what the farmer said when he yelled to 'em?
472:  Well he'd just hoot and holler any way. And they {X}
Interviewer:  Didn't say something like soo cow or something like that?
472:  Uh no he'd just call 'em holler and uh they would uh come. They knew his voice and about the time of the day. And they would come when he hollered. And I remember she hadn't called 'em by no names {X} but they would come.
Interviewer:  Do you remember what he what he sounded like?
472:  {NW} No not hardly. Just his voice.
Interviewer:  Yeah. He was just yelling at 'em.
472:  Yeah yelling. They'd come.
Interviewer:  People used to plow with mules and horses around here didn't they?
472:  That's all. Sure did. They even brought 'em to make gardens with them Stock like that. Mules. Horses And it we had one man here in town that proud- didn't do noth- well there's two or three here in town that didn't do nothing else but garden for people. Come break the land for 'em and lay off the rows if they wanted him to. And uh help 'em every way they could. And then they could handle the rest of it.
Interviewer:  Do you remember what the man would say to his mules when he was plowing with 'em if he wanted 'em to turn?
472:  Gee and haw. Yeah.
Interviewer:  Which was which?
472:  G- uh gee was the right and haw was the left. {X}
Interviewer:  I see. Say if if a man had some horses out in his pasture and he wanted 'em to come to him what would he do or say? Well we used to have a horse. She was blind. We had her in a big pasture and there's a lotta stumps big old stumps that he left out there when he cut the timber long years ago. And we'd {X} get out there and holler come here Molly! And beat on the trough just hit on the trough and she'd stick her head out that way just stick her nose way out ahead over that way and when she'd right one of them stumps we'd say {NW} and she'd stop and turn Every time we'd sh- she knows she gonna hit something you see? {NW}
472:  And I been on and run her out in the woods come to a log and just like one could see.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  All I done is just say {NW} jerk up on the line like that and boy she'd jump And I could run her down a highway and turn her out and run her up a bank. She wouldn't fall down.
Interviewer:  Huh.
472:  Just jerk up on that line and she'd jump up in the air. {X}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  I don't know.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Train her you know.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And you could be a driving her down the highway and she'd come to a store she'd stop. {NS} She'd sure stop {NS} and then keep on going. She'd smell that store. She'd knowed she'd got to that store.
Interviewer:  That was a smart {X}
472:  Yeah they're smart. Well you take a blind person that makes you think about it. You put 'em in a house and they get used to everything. They get about in there about as good as a man can see I mean you know get everything to where they know where it's at.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And they know things by touches. They learn it. So that's the way that horse was. She was real good
Interviewer:  You know sometimes when people are feeding their pigs or chickens they'll kinda talk to 'em when they feed 'em?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard what do they say? Uh around here when they're doing that?
472:  {NW} Well I get to talking to these squirrels around here sometime and I call that one down that's got the babies? Come here momma Get you something to eat
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  And uh go out there and get me a {D: cone} and knock 'em together. Come on. Or anything I got in my hand. Come on. Get you something to eat. And here she come. She come a running. You tap whatever it is to eat. Yeah you can train 'em up like that. Sometimes the way she asks me for something to eat she comes and scratch on my screen.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Yeah. Climb on my screen.
Interviewer:  Come ask for it.
472:  and I'd come out there I'd say what are you doing out there anyhow? And she's uh she'd look around see if she could see me through the screen and she'd hang on the screen and I said alright get down I'll go get you something to eat. And she'll jump off on the ground and I'll go on out there and call her and she'll come on out there and get up and come.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Or sometimes she's out there on the ladder and I raise my window in the kitchen and bump on the window with a pecan or something or other and boy she hits the ground and here she come get up that ladder. I had two or three trained like that but they give you a lot of trouble.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  Come too often.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Yeah. I enjoy fooling with 'em. And the chickens you can train them too. And I tell you the uh real bottom of the whole thing in that line if anything around you your chickens your hogs your cows your dogs or anything you have around you alive whenever you that you're a sinner and return to the Lord every one of 'em knows it. They know it when you surrender to the Lord they know you. They know you was uh nice to 'em. And they'll follow you around. Sure will. Anything like that. They'll follow you around and they they just love you because you good to 'em you see. You won't be harsh on 'em no more. You take these little children out at this {X} run outta the house everyday. It made me wanna cry She shoulda walked to the door or walked in there and said children don't stay in the house like this and play get outside and play. Or whatever they're doing. And uh don't do that no more. And you got to be strict in what you tell 'em tell 'em the truth and they'll learn you to it and they'll love you for it. But if you harsh stomp at 'em all the time well it narrows 'em up and i- they don't know which way to go and what to do about it hardly. But if you'll be real nice to 'em they'll heed more. They'll love you. And you'll love them too. This day and time it just got so rough so many rough one's 'til it it's been bad uh what do you call it on the whole town it's bad.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  I've known 'em here in this town {X} have them high jobs. Man the woman work work work work come in at in the in the in the uh weekends. Well they don't work on Saturday they get everything done as much as they can alright and Sunday morning they done dead or sleep. They sit up late and you know I've known 'em to turn them children out on the street. {NW}
Interviewer:  Yes I have. I've known 'em to turn 'em out on the streets here in Bay Minette And they's little things'd come all over town they go every which way you know the little childs. {X} And {NS} they just turn 'em out {X} {NS} They don't seem to care.
472:  No uh they just they just about dead from sleep you know? And they just turn 'em out where there won't be no racket them little children lay down there in the night and go to sleep. And they get their sleep. Alright and whenever they get up then before daylight uh they wanna get up at daylight. Uh and the parents got to sleep they wanna sleep late. And they're making this much racket. {NW} Until they they'll run 'em out of there.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And shut the door. I've heard of that. A lot of places in Bay Minette.
Interviewer:  Okay you were talking about uh talking to your squirrels. You ever heard people like if they're feeding pigs say here piggy piggy piggy piggy something like that?
472:  Yeah. Yeah call the pig. And uh they'll come. {NS}
Interviewer:  How w- how would they say that? Was it uh
472:  Well some of 'em call a {NS} {X} you know in that way. And some of 'em will talk low calling pigs. And uh and they you can train them by beating on the trough and they'll come from every direction to that trough when they hear that. They know you got something for 'em to eat.
Interviewer:  What about chickens? What would they say to their chickens?
472:  Uh they'd just call him by his right name. I reckon. Call him chicky chicky chicky and yeah they come.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Here they come.
Interviewer:  You know that uh sound that a horse makes? What would you say it it was doing {X}
472:  When it blows his nose?
Interviewer:  Uh yeah something like that.
472:  Yeah that's what they do.
Interviewer:  You say listen to that horse
472:  Snort.
Interviewer:  Snort.
472:  Yeah. Yeah snort or blowing his nose. {NW}
Interviewer:  In fact is that the same thing as a whinny or whicker?
472:  No a whicker's different. He's got a squealing noise he makes when he whickers. Yeah. He d- he don't do that either. He just whickers.
Interviewer:  What is that for? How does he feel when he's uh
472:  Well that's that his mating noise
Interviewer:  #1 Oh. #
472:  #2 mostly. #
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Or some of 'em'll whicker uh learn to whicker for feed too. Get your attention. And then they see another horse they answer. And the other one'll answer him back {X} more alike. If they'll answer one another that way. And she'll whicker for her colt. Be in the other pa- part of the pasture and she work 'til that colt comes.
Interviewer:  {D: Uh-huh.}
472:  And uh get his dinner whatever it is.
Interviewer:  Did you ever heard uh a calf make a kind of a what would you say he does?
472:  Bleat? Call it bleating I reckon.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. {X}
472:  Sometime they'll uh have a moaning kind of a groan you know?
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Old cows will groan for the calves. And the calves come when they groan to 'em. Really.
Interviewer:  We were talking about male and female animals what about the when a hog gets full grown you know a full-grown male hog? What would you call him?
472:  {NW} His proper name's boar. Big old boar hog or whatever you must say it
Interviewer:  There's
472:  Large one. And uh but then they call 'em males. Big male.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. {NS} I see. Can you get w- when one's uh just after it's born when it's real small you'd call that a
472:  Call you'd call him {X} just a little s- little small male. Uh it was so many males so many sows.
Interviewer:  Or just a little pig or
472:  Yeah when they're little pigs. So many.
Interviewer:  Is there something in between a a little pig and a full-grown one? Just a little larger than a pig you call him something else?
472:  Yeah. Yeah you call him {D: shoats} {X}
Interviewer:  About how big does he have to get before he's a
472:  Oh about uh thirty twenty-five thirty pounds I reckon. He getting up there. Oh I say twenty pounds.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  {D: Shirley pig you know.} {D: Called him Shirley pig!}
Interviewer:  {D: Shirley pig.}
472:  {D: Yeah. Shirley pig.} He gets on up there and then they call him big {D: shopes}.
Interviewer:  Right. What about females? What do you call those? {NS}
472:  Well you'd they what?
Interviewer:  A female hog?
472:  Oh call them sows. Sows.
Interviewer:  You ever seen these {NS} um {NS} male hogs that had these old long uh
472:  {X} Tushes? Yes sir. I've saw 'em that long.
Interviewer:  Around six inches? {NS}
472:  Yeah. Saw the whole tooth. {NW} Two of 'em I forgot where that was too. {NS} I'd like to get hold to some of them things they're sure something. {NS} You know wild hogs they go I mean they'll be wild if it's very big {NS} {X} {NS} wild like you know. {NS} And them old wild boars will cut the uh {NS} walk up to a pine sapling {NS} like that and just cut the bark off of it with them tushes
Interviewer:  What'll do that?
472:  That them hogs. {NS} {X} Yeah there's one with {NS} yeah. {NS} I can sh- carry you down here on the {X} {NS} back in on them ridges {NS} and they don't build beds like these {NS} tame hogs. And wild and so on. They just {NS} build a just a little old common bed. They don't they don't build no big fine beds like these {X} used to. Just a little old flat place to lie.
Interviewer:  I see. I guess when you had hog-killing time you had to uh get those stiff hairs off their back uh
472:  Oh yes put 'em in {X} and water
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  took all of it off. You had to scrape it off. {X} But if you have your water too hot you about to know about that too if you get your water too hot you're set to have it. And that's all of it then. {NS} Might'n you have to skin the hog.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
472:  When you set the hair to th- aft- you can't get it off unless you cut it off.
Interviewer:  Oh.
472:  Like a razor you know.
Interviewer:  That's called sitting the hairs.
472:  Alright. {NS} Yeah. {NS} And uh you can't get it out cause it won't come out. It's done set. And you cut it off then with a sharp knife well it's still in that skin some people like to eat that skin you know when they fry the meat.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. {NS}
472:  So you near about got the skin in those pieces. You set the hair before you have it all the hair out of it.
Interviewer:  Right. {NS} You ever heard of people call those stiff hairs anything in particular?
472:  Yeah. Bristles.
Interviewer:  Bristles.
472:  Bristles. Yeah. {NS} Call them bristles. Yeah I heard 'em say that hog's mad look at his bristles.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Standing up.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  That's about right
Interviewer:  #1 Yeah #
472:  #2 {X} # And they bristles'll come up. {NS} Specially if a dog comes around. {NS}
Interviewer:  Don't like those dogs huh?
472:  Oh they'll take a dog around like that. {NW} If you ever catch a little pig where that old sow is you gonna see something too she gonna make you throw that pig down. {NW} You wished you hadn't.
Interviewer:  {NW} They'll be getting after you huh?
472:  When that pig squeal you better be doing something. Getting outta the way.
Interviewer:  {NW} You were telling me the other day about a place where you could store potatoes and
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Could you tell me about that again?
472:  Well yeah You can uh it it'll be well you wouldn't need a long big bank if you just raised a few like I do every now and then. Um just make a little round bank call it a little round potato bank and fix it up so you can cover 'em up in the winter. {NS} Where they won't freeze. And then you can build a little house {D: concern} about oh I'd say fourteen-inches high and then build you a top on it. Get you a good roof on it. Put your straw in there and then you can um cut to bring you some straw then and get in there and cover 'em. Good and deep with that straw. And uh used to you use 'em then you see you scratch the straw off of 'em and throw it out. Just keep keep scratching out. Until you get 'em all out.
Interviewer:  What did you call that place?
472:  Call that a a potato hill or a a little round one you call a potato hill. Then a then a long one they call 'em potato banks.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  Big bank of 'em you know?
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  It's called potato house.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah I've heard my uncle say look in the tater house and get such-and-such out of there somebody's laid something in there or something-or-other. Now go up to that tater house and get your momma some taters.
Interviewer:  {NW} {NW}
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  What different kinds of potatoes did you grow?
472:  Well I always grow uh mostly white ones. And uh then I then I like red ones. I'd grow grow both kinds when I grow 'em. I have both kinds. The white ones and the red ones the red ones you get sweet quicker. But the if it's your last the white ones are way better than the red ones. And you put that potato in that stove cook it that {NS} candy comes out of it. And get that butter. Good old home-raised butter I call it. You got something to work {X}
Interviewer:  Are those white ones the same as Irish potatoes?
472:  No yeah they they white just like Irish potatoes. Or they long. Long. But they not they just taste different from Irish potatoes. {X} {NS} {NS}
Interviewer:  Those red ones are those sweet potatoes?
472:  Yeah they call a lotta the red ones Jersey Sweets. There's Jersey Sweets and then they have a {NS} bunch a potato they call they call 'em bunch a potatoes. And then they have uh Puerto Rican then they have uh {NS} nigger-killer.
Interviewer:  A what?
472:  Nigger-killer. {NS}
Interviewer:  I've never heard of that.
472:  Well you oughta have some I mean I wish you could have some and taste a
Interviewer:  It's a type of
472:  #1 I can #
Interviewer:  #2 potato? #
472:  Yeah That's the sweetest potato you can eat.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
472:  Nigger-killers call 'em.
Interviewer:  I wonder why they call 'em that.
472:  I don't know why they call 'em that. But when you get 'em they uh I reckon the reason yeah why they call 'em that they so dry. And you about you near about crumble 'em up they're so dry.
Interviewer:  Is
472:  #1 When you #
Interviewer:  #2 that right? #
472:  cook 'em. yeah That's right.
Interviewer:  Huh.
472:  But sweet. Oh they sure are. They young just like other potatoes. But they they call 'em nigger-killers.
Interviewer:  Interesting.
472:  Now I reckon there's just somebody named 'em long years ago maybe they after something-or-another. I don't why they named 'em like that. Nigger-killers.
Interviewer:  Well what do you reckon uh I notice that you referred to those people the darkies one time what do you reckon they prefer to be called nowadays?
472:  Oh they they call 'em black people now black. By the noun that's right people.
Interviewer:  But if you wanted to get one upset you'd call him a
472:  Well now I've been told by a nigger. A negro. Uh he said I'll tell you what about it. He says we we says we black people says we got we have niggers {NS} with us. {NS} Says we are negroes but says there are niggers. {NS} He said we don't want y'all to call us niggers. Says we hate a nigger. Now that's what that one told me one time.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Said we hate them say they are so mean. Said we just don't like 'em said we don't want to be called that and other people does call us all niggers. Says {X} It's negroes and there are niggers. And uh it put a thought to my mind there. You know where's some of 'em is real dark real black. And uh now I sure can't with the black one over here and {X} Used to be my buddy up at the mill you know. When I was {NS} not watching up. {NS} Now he is just as nice as he can be. But anyhow they they are uh they don't wanna be called that them other kind. They'd rather you wouldn't call 'em niggers. Just call 'em darkies or colored people or something. So you won't upset 'em more. Well you can't blame 'em in a way I reckon {NW} He got a point there.
Interviewer:  You ever heard 'em call each other nigger?
472:  Yes sir I sure have. Had a lotta fun there at that mill. One time there was three I'd call 'em good-looking colored women come {NS} in there to the mill come down the mill yard. They was going down to visit a house somewhere down there. And there's two or three of these men {X} out there. He was one of 'em. And there's two more there with us at the lumber ramp. And one of 'em says to 'em said do you know what them good-looking girls coming yonder good-looking women. Says yeah. And uh one of 'em says oh no I mi- I mi- might not need to put this on {X}
Interviewer:  No that's okay we can talk about you doing this
472:  {NW} One of 'em says to the other say Lord! Said I'd swim the Atlantic for that yonder {X}
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {NW} # And uh so
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  So and he done and said it. Nigga! {NW} Said wh- what you doing? Said that's my wife! {NW} That's my wife!
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {X} # There wasn't no kin to it.
Interviewer:  They said the wrong thing.
472:  Yeah but he he but he wasn't no kin they wasn't no kin they was tra- strangers I think. But he told him he said that's my wife. He just done that you know? Course he told his {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  I reckon {X} scared the other one.
472:  You know if us white people'd have fun like them you know I {X} They really like a lotta {X}
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  And they'll meet one another's wife out there and just talk to her you know and won't call her honey and all that stuff.
Interviewer:  Goodness.
472:  Yeah they just have a big time.
Interviewer:  {NW} Have you ever heard you know of a
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  of a say a a racially-mixed couple maybe one white one black if they'd have a child what that child would be called?
472:  Uh just a mixed-breed.
Interviewer:  Mixed-breed?
472:  Mixed-breed. Or mulatto have you ever heard that?
Interviewer:  I hate to say that but we got that right here. Oh here in Bay Minnette?
472:  Well right above here. And there was two come out I think got married at the courthouse or two could get married and they wouldn't marry 'em.
Interviewer:  Oh really?
472:  I believe that's the way it was. Yeah. That's what I heard.
Interviewer:  {NW} It used to be unheard of didn't it?
472:  Yeah. I don't I wouldn't like I wouldn't want to {X} mix like that. I I was I'd rather not do that. {X}
Interviewer:  I guess it'd make it kind of hard on the child.
472:  I know it does. In the future it would. You know it would. Yeah. Sure would. But you see Satan's working. Satan just does anything you know uh you just get right in a person and they gonna do anyway he wants 'em to. And that's what that some people do things that a way just to get revenge. And the Bible says the vengeance is mine I will repay thee says the Lord when I come. He take care of all of that revenge. {X} do things {X} for revengeance
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 That's #
Interviewer:  what?
472:  So that I don't believe there's much you can mention or talk about unless it's a reason for it. We'd find a reason for it.
Interviewer:  Talking about names for people have you ever heard a colored man if he got mad at a white man he might call him something or if he was joking about it?
472:  Uh yeah. Some t- yeah a lotta people carried on a lotta junk and foolishness. {NS} And call 'em a one old satchel banks And uh first one who was jumping another but when he comes right down to the test then they they talk right about it you know they won't call one another you know?
Interviewer:  Ever ever heard the word peckerwood used?
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  The so-and-so was just an old peckerwood?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What does that mean?
472:  Uh well he just like an old bird flying around making noise the tree or something I reckon. {NS} {D: That's the} way I'd see that.
Interviewer:  Would that be uh an insulting term
472:  #1 Yeah! #
Interviewer:  #2 to call # somebody or
472:  Uh yeah it'd be kinda {X} old peckerwood you. Uh old knotted-head or something like that you know. Call 'em old names like that. Well it's a kind of a {D: by-word.) But there's a scripture on that. Me and you will have to give an account according to God's word of every foolish word we talk. Every foolish word we got to give an account for at judgment day. Other words our light is what counts with God. If it's not in his presence it's all booked against us the way I see the scriptures. And judgment day comes up. And whichever way it is is what's going to be before you. Other words I'm I'm a doing my judgment right now. I I'm I'm in my judgment right now. {NS} And uh if it's a good judgment I'll be judged good but if it's bad judgment I'll be I'll be condemned. That's right that's the way it go. Well I hear 'em say just one way to the pearly gates and that's the right way. Somebody say how's that? I say well it's just the right way.
Interviewer:  {NW} {NS}
472:  So just one way and that's right.
Interviewer:  You know when uh sometimes when people who live out in the country come into town maybe on Saturday or something like that to to do business? Sometimes you'll see the people who live in town in town kinda poke fun at 'em behind their back?
472:  #1 Uh-huh. #
Interviewer:  #2 Because #
472:  they look a little different or talk a little different? Yeah. Well there's where the pride comes in
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard 'em call 'em anything say just look at him he's no
472:  {D: Slots} or yeah, old slots. You know he can do better than that and all that you know? {X} Well there's reasons to all things. A lot of 'em can do better but there ain't no use talk about 'em right away you just try to {NS} condemn him {NS} always you meet people like that you give 'em a smile and uh talk good to 'em. {X} And stay clean before. That's what kinda {X} but now a lot of 'em stay clean before me then talk about me cuz I don't go clean or something-or-another they always see what the trouble is behind that. Yeah. Not not not t- talk about the
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard 'em call well he's just an old country hick or old country hoosier or something like
472:  Yeah that's right. He's just an old country hoosier. Yeah.
Interviewer:  Ever ever heard the word redneck used?
472:  Redneck.
Interviewer:  Redneck. He's an old redneck.
472:  No.
Interviewer:  Never heard a that
472:  Yeah once or twice that just you know it just he's just a old redneck yeah. An old redheads and uh old sandy head you know all that.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  No good.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Talking about a working class white man uh the man that he works for he'd say that's my
472:  Oh {X} well that's you talking about like I'd talk about my my uh uh office man?
Interviewer:  Or when you answer your call
472:  Uh yeah my boss. Uh-huh. Yeah. Uh let's see I'd be his employee or what.
Interviewer:  What about a a working class black man whose man that he works for he'd say that's my {C: silence}
Interviewer:  {NS} I was just wondering if uh you'd ever heard of a colored man refer to a white man as a captain or something like that. Or a bossman or
472:  Yeah. Yeah hello there boss yeah. That's my bossman. {NS} Now that's the captain on a boat What you have.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  {X} t- uh you were talking about uh cows that uh you'd find 'em in the woods sometimes? So people didn't used to always have fences around their property?
472:  Uh huh {NW} most of 'em a- wa- if they had a if they had uh fences rou- they had to have it uh gardens fenced up you see.
Interviewer:  Yes-
472:  #1 {D: Of} #
Interviewer:  #2 sir. #
472:  patches or uh a acre or two of ground fenced in to keep 'em keep 'em from getting into there. Now they used to build fences outta rails split rails out of those timbers I was telling you about be on the ground you know?
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Uh you'd go cut a tree down and split it up into rails and build a rail fence around the acres {D: so ground} And uh maybe use it for a cow pen uh during the summer. During the winter. And then that summer then they fence them cows outta there and break that ground and plant vegetables of all kinds in there. And then they had to have a stake-and-rider on that fence to keep 'em from jumping over it you see.
Interviewer:  That was on the rail fence?
472:  Uh yeah the rail fence a stake-and-rider you see put them two s- rails down like that in the ground
Interviewer:  Kinda like an X?
472:  Uh like this and then lay one across it this way.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Eve- ever {NS} town almost had one of these stakes across it.
Interviewer:  I see. That keep 'em from jumping over
472:  Yeah they wouldn't jump the fence. {NS} Keep 'em out of it.
Interviewer:  {X} {NS}
472:  Yeah they'd eat up the crops. {X} {NS} cuz that rail fence was all they had {NS} to protect the land. protect those vegetables {NS}
Interviewer:  {X} {NS} Was there a t- time that uh you didn't have to have fences around your property and the animals could just uh roam free?
472:  No. I don't know of that. I sure don't know of that uh cuz if they ever come across something or another well sometime one {NW} they used to get loose here in town they'd soon catch him cuz he'd get into people's gardens. Eat up stuff.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Do you I don't guess you see too many of those rail fences any more do you?
472:  No I sure don't. I don't see that many rail fences.
Interviewer:  Well what what other kind of wooden fences would you have nowadays?
472:  Well you have to have planks. Plank fences. {NS} Planks.
Interviewer:  Ever seen these little uh fences that are usually painted white and they usually come to a point at the top?
472:  Oh you're talking about picket fences.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Yeah. Yeah my father used to1 {D: drive out} pickets for his garden. Put 'em all the way around his garden. Cut {D: ladder} you know and nail the picket to the {D: lad} All the way around his garden. And uh that's called a picket fence.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. Well if people don't have wooden fences nowadays what do they use?
472:  Wire. They'll use wire.
Interviewer:  Different kinds?
472:  Well it's there's {X} different grades of wire. You can buy any kinda grade you want. And they uh use this heavy wire for the stock.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  Fence against the stock. And put barbs on top. And the- they build a hog pasture out of this stout wire if they'll put a put a barb at the bottom where he can't root under it.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  {X} {NW}
Interviewer:  That'll take care of {X}
472:  Yeah that takes care of that. But eventually he'll stretch that wire somewhere and get through there. Uh come out between someway. He's about as much on the outside as he is inside.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  #1 {D: This day and age} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 Uh #
472:  #2 He # just a hog and he just goes.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. {NW}
472:  Seem like he's hunting something to eat all time
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  I have seen 'em laying up in the shade a little bit but {X} they don't lay there long.
Interviewer:  Have you ever seen uh around here a a fence or a wall made out of loose stone or rock? {NS}
472:  No I hadn't noticed a stone fence nowhere.
Interviewer:  Just don't have those around here?
472:  No don't have no stone fences that I know of. {X} They got a a wire a big stout wire now Let me see what they call that. Around people's yard they put around there now let me see what thing they call that. They can buy that uh it's called some kind of fence I know. But I forgot what they call it.
Interviewer:  Not a hurricane fence.
472:  No. {X} I could think a that. Oh chain link.
Interviewer:  Chain link yeah that's right.
472:  Yeah chain link I couldn't think about that.
Interviewer:  I couldn't either.
472:  Chain link fence is what I was talking about. Yeah they love them things. {X}
Interviewer:  Is there much cotton grown in this area these days?
472:  No there's not too much around now.
Interviewer:  Did you ever do any work with the in the cotton field?
472:  Yeah. Up around the {X} up in there. picked cotton. {NS} Uh I got a few little stalks out there now it's just beginning to open.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
472:  Uh-huh. Just beginning to open. I'm trying to get enough to make me a good pillow out of 'em. I got some chords in there to chord it.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Get the seed out. I'll have me a good pillow. Got a little in that cotton now that I've been fooling around but this year I got pretty good little hopes of finishing up my pillow. {NS} Got about a dozen stalks out there I reckon. Two
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And it is loaded.
Interviewer:  Do you ever have any trouble with uh grass growing in your cotton field? Uh
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  rid of it?
472:  Yeah in the cotton. Corn. Garden.
Interviewer:  What do you call that stuff? What is it uh?
472:  Oh well it's all kinds of grass grows. And uh this here uh mostly after you cultivate it lay it by this {D: pursley} comes up what they call {D: pursely}?
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Clover is there right now. Clover. They calls it {D: pursley} but it's a clover. I've always heard it clover. And uh it'll come make big bunches. And if you got some hogs or chickens or something to feed it to you pull in big bunches of you'll throw it in the pen and lord they'll eat it like sugar
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Well they'll eat it up.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  And it'll fatten a hog. It'll fatten it. {D: Putting it to in there}
Interviewer:  You said lay it by what does that mean?
472:  Laying a car- laying a crop by yeah. {NS} Laying it by is through plowing through working. {NS} It's just there.
Interviewer:  Oh you finished with it?
472:  Yeah finish. Yeah.
Interviewer:  Doesn't need anymore
472:  No.
Interviewer:  tending to it.
472:  Uh-uh. It's laid by then. {NS} And sometimes the weeds or that {D: pursely} come after you lay by.
Interviewer:  I see. Well if somebody says that he's gonna chop cotton what does that mean?
472:  Well that means thin cotton. Thin and chopping divide all the same you see. It both goes together. You uh chop cotton that's thinning it. Making it where there ain't two pick in a row you know? Thicker it is the more fertilized and more i- takes more strength. But if you got it where it's right distance apart well it'll make a big stout. Nice cotton.
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Do you when yo- if you were gonna we were talking about fences if you were gonna put up uh a barbwire fence what would those things you know that you have to dig holes for those are the
472:  Post hole diggers. {D: That} Yeah. Yeah it'd take them post hole diggers and dig your holes. And then start to putting your wires on.
Interviewer:  What do you put the wires across?
472:  T- you put 'em uh yo- you s- unroll 'em down the side of your posts. Fasten 'em at one end at the w- first post and then you go and put your stretchers. Maybe some barbwire stretchers. And stretch it. And then nail it to the post. And measure and put 'em so so many inches apart {NS} so you won't be able to saw the barbwire fence.
Interviewer:  Oh I see. {NS} Say if you were going to go milk your cow what would you carry with you to catch the milk in?
472:  {NW} Well that depends on what kind of a uh breed of cow and what kind of a milk cow you're going to milk. You'd have to carry a extra bucket in other word one to milk in and then reach around pour it into another container. And uh that way after you get through and then always skim the milk three tips you know and leave one for the dairy {X}
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Yeah. And uh so that's the way that goes.
Interviewer:  {NW} I see.
472:  After the calf gets big enough to eat you see we ah it don't take nothing for him much though
Interviewer:  Well what what is a pail? Is that uh different from a bucket?
472:  Well it's called a pail. I don't know it's just a bucket that yeah you can call it a bucket or a pail.
Interviewer:  #1 Same thing #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  yeah or a bucket. Either one. It'll it'll answer either way.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Pail or a bucket.
Interviewer:  You know some women um have uh these dishes that they save just for special occasions? Like if they having company over to eat? Uh what would you say that their best dishes are made out of? Uh real fine stuff.
472:  {NW} Well I guess it's mostly the very best of glass. Or the very bles- best of jug ware. According to whatever they serve it on. Dish you know made out of they call it jug ware.
Interviewer:  Or china?
472:  Or china. Yeah. Well that's jug ware too china. {NS} chinaware they call it. Well it's it's uh some kind of jug. Jug ware it's just named with china. {NS} It's made a little fancier o {NS} little sporty {NS} than plain old jug ware. {NS}
Interviewer:  Have you ever seen uh an egg made outta glass or something like that china that uh?
472:  Right. China egg they call it Yeah. Uh some people use 'em for nest eggs. {D: Put 'em} in there
Interviewer:  They trying to fool the hen into laying?
472:  Uh yeah I reckon that's what uh
Interviewer:  Alright. {NW}
472:  Put that china egg in there {X} You know some chicken if you take their egg out they'll quit the nest.
Interviewer:  #1 Do they really? #
472:  #2 They won't # go about there laying no more.
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
472:  And that's the reason why.
Interviewer:  You put that in there to keep 'em on the
472:  #1 Keep 'em on the #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  go.
Interviewer:  #1 Keep 'em #
472:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  laying.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I've heard some people say that they'd take a one of these old white doorknobs and put it in the nest?
472:  Well I imagine that would work. Probably would I don't know. Anything that look like that.
Interviewer:  Sometimes a chicken snake can get in there and swallow one of those
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  shiny eggs and
472:  {NW} Well I'll tell you right now they'll sure swallow them eggs. Uh he wouldn't fool with that china egg he know the difference.
Interviewer:  You don't think so?
472:  Uh-uh I don't believe he would. No. Sure don't. {NS} That old saying that I believe he's got more sense than that. {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Yeah I believe he wouldn't.
Interviewer:  {NS} Did you ever hear of uh women keeping a bucket around the kitchen somewhere where they put uh uh scraps and things for the hog later on?
472:  Yeah. That's called a slop bucket. {NW} {X} {NW} Yeah that's called a slop bucket. I keep one finger {X} and that movie just keep me busy all the time. Cleaning out.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. They'll do that if you work a lot.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Talking about containers what about uh a container that you keep in the house you know to put cut flowers in?
472:  Put flowers?
Interviewer:  Cut flowers you know you put 'em in a if you're gonna keep 'em inside somewhere.
472:  I don't know what I ain't got never been into that. I don't know about that.
Interviewer:  Just a
472:  #1 Now #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: vase?} #
472:  I've heard about it.
Interviewer:  A vase?
472:  Yeah. Uh it'd yeah. Uh-huh. I've I've fixed a bottle this morning for that business. When my roses gets pretty and uh I cut bouquets put 'em in a bottle. And I got some little wee wee bottles I put just one rose into the bottle. And they're cute. And they'll last for days.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  About a week. And uh so you can have vases such as that. A vase is so easy turned over and spill the water and what you have. I'd rather have something like a heavy bottle or a jar.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  To put it in so it won't turnover
Interviewer:  Yeah I see. Say if you were eating steak for a meal you'd probably have to use a knife and a
472:  Fork.
Interviewer:  Beg your pardon?
472:  A knife and fork.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. gotcha
472:  Yep.
Interviewer:  Say if you were uh I guess you wash your own dishes?
472:  Yeah. Do my own dish washing.
Interviewer:  When you when you wash the dishes do you use some kind of cloth or rag uh when you're washing 'em?
472:  Yeah A dishcloth.
Interviewer:  Dishcloth.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Dishcloth. And uh {NW} I'm pretty lazy. I use this dishcloth 'til it gets stained up some and sometimes I'll uh bleach 'em back. And I generally throw it in the garbage and take a new one.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  But that don't come but about every two weeks or three.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 Do y- #
472:  #2 I nev- # I never wear one out I'd throw it away. Cuz it'll it get dingy I don't care who it is or where it come from that rag's gonna get dingy. There's gonna be a spot set in it and you can't get it out. Maybe a little speck of smut soot what you're gonna call it. And I don't keep 'em whenever they get like that or I'd rather do away with 'em.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. Do you use a a {X} cloth or rag when you're drying 'em?
472:  I never dry 'em. I've turning 'em down in the dishpan after I I wash 'em with soap and a rag. And then I turn 'em down in the dishpan rinse 'em and turn 'em down in the dishpan I ain't got no long sink I've got a short sink and I use a dishpan to turn 'em down in there in the plastic pan and they drain and they dry about as fast as they drain you know uh and uh so sometime I leave 'em in there all night sometime about two hours {X} go back and put 'em away where they belong stack 'em back.
Interviewer:  You never use any kind of drying cloth or drying rag?
472:  No I n- at the uh no I don't. Don't have to and uh if when I want the pan dried out then I'll pour the water into the sink. And {NS} reach up and get me a paper towel {NS} wash it out put it back in its place.
Interviewer:  Is that what people around here would call that though if they were gonna use it? A drying rag or dry cloth?
472:  Uh some people dries the dishes. Uh what is generally a family somebody dry the dish after they wash and rinse it. Then they dry some of 'em just turns 'em down in the sink and let 'em dry theirself. But this people over here I think they dry their mostly.
Interviewer:  What do they call that cloth?
472:  Drying cloth.
Interviewer:  Drying cloth?
472:  Yeah. It's a big white cloth. Call it the drying cloth {X} uh {NS} drying cloth or the dry rag. {NS} Drying rag.
Interviewer:  You know some people when they're taking a bath they'll have a cloth to bathe their face with?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What would you call that?
472:  Uh that's that's called it's a washrag. Other words a wash
Interviewer:  #1 A washrag. #
472:  #2 {D: washrag} # Yeah.
Interviewer:  Yeah I see. You mentioned though talking about the sink a minute ago you know that thing uh above the sink right at right at your sink that your water comes out of?
472:  Faucet?
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Faucet.
Interviewer:  What about one that's in your yard that you hook up your hose to?
472:  Same thing faucet.
Interviewer:  {X} You were telling me about uh flour barrels this morning? Did you have uh those flour barrels did they have these things that went around 'em to hold the staves in place? Now you're talking about uh when I said flour barrel I mean you know they're not like big old lard barrels or big old things like that. Yes sir.
472:  They a- they are smaller barrels.`
Interviewer:  Oh.
472:  You go around these candy stores and see them little white pretty little white barrels full of candy you know {D: it's along} you'll see one every now and then at a store they got one over here. Uh they cute little barrels well that's about the flour barrel was just a little little larger than that and it had those wooden hoops around it to hold it together.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah. My mother used to keep one to keep her flour in all the time. And you used to buy flour in uh twenty-four pound sacks but you don't do that no more.
Interviewer:  No.
472:  No they cut out the twenty-four pound sacks it'll either be twelve pounds or two twelves or whatever. I don't know why they cut the twenty-four pound out.
Interviewer:  Talking about sacks what about these old sacks that are made out of that uh rough heavy course material you know? Uh might put pecans in 'em or fertilizer or something like that?
472:  Well that's liken to a croker sack?
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Yeah. Croker sack corn sack the e- a lot of people called 'em corn sacks. Croker sacks.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  The proper name.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Croker sack.
Interviewer:  I see. Say if you uh wanted to pour some liquid into a bottle that had a kind of a small mouth to it what could you use to keep from spilling it all over the place?
472:  Well I have some funnels that I can use to put it in small places. Liken to putting oil in my motor. Like I have a funnel to put the oil in through.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Messing up things
Interviewer:  I see Well what about if uh if you were did people around here used to have buggies that they rode on?
472:  Yes sir. And they had another buggy they called a double-seated surrey
Interviewer:  Is that right?
472:  Double-seated surrey
Interviewer:  #1 You ever #
472:  #2 yeah. #
Interviewer:  ride on one of those?
472:  No I never have rode in a double-seated surrey I've rode in the buggies and uh wagons. Never have rode in a double-seated surrey. That was for the up uh the big man
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  used to have them
Interviewer:  The one who had the money huh?
472:  Yeah di- sometimes that's that's his uh nice way to travel. And you could rent a horse rent a horse and buggy and take a long trip you know and come back {NS} {X}
Interviewer:  Did you ever notice uh when they were driving those surreys if they had something that they'd crack around the horse's ears to make him go faster?
472:  No I've noticed them buggy whips they have.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  And they had uh a little stand there in front little thing to hold him and they wanted 'em to go faster just think about where to pat them along {NS} and I reckon hardly hit him faster than he go. {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Yeah. I called 'em buggy whips. I remember them he
Interviewer:  Well say if uh if a man had some corn that he wanted to take to the mill about how much would he take at one time? You know just as much as he could put in a wagon? How much would he call that? Well I I've I come uh my wife come from a big family {NS} and he always carried a whole big white sack full of clean full of corn {NS} or either {NS} some in two sacks. {NS} But his family {C: train whistle} {X} run him a week uh maybe uh two weeks. He he'd carry enough for a week or two at least that's the way he carried his. {X} go out to the barn and shell shucking shell. Til they got that much corn. Did you ever hear people call it a turn of corn?
472:  Tongue?
Interviewer:  Turn.
472:  Turn of corn. No. {X} {NS} {X} {C: approaching train}
Interviewer:  You got another train here.
472:  Yeah {X} {NS} If he keeps up at that speed he won't be here long
Interviewer:  {NW} I guess not. About how many of these trains come through here every day?
472:  Well let's see Oh I guess ten or fifteen.
Interviewer:  There's that many at night you reckon?
472:  They go day and night. Yeah {X} Not quite as many in the night as there is the day. Well some nights though they are. It depends.
Interviewer:  Say if if you weren't used to if you wanted to buy a lot of molasses at at one time a pretty good bit of molasses #1 what would #
472:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  that come in?
472:  Well a small family always buys as much as a gallon. And I have known families to eat uh at most two gallons a week.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Yes sir I know where there's one family I mean they eat that syrup and egg. The man he was a big man he eat about eight seven and eight eggs for breakfast.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  He sure would.
Interviewer:  Goodness gracious. Seven or eight eggs they were
472:  Seven or eight
Interviewer:  #1 I don't see #
472:  #2 eggs. #
Interviewer:  how he was able to move.
472:  Oh yeah e- and and uh
Interviewer:  How big was he?
472:  He'd eat beans after that or something anything that I'd cook Yeah he'd eat beans for breakfast And put syrup on 'em.
Interviewer:  Goodness gracious.
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Never heard of that.
472:  Yes sir. That man eat {X} Now that was a hard-working man.
Interviewer:  He must've been to burn up all that.
472:  {NW} He had a big family.
Interviewer:  {NW} Well have you ever heard of people talk about buying a stand of molasses or a stand of lard?
472:  No it'd always be cans or uh buckets.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  And uh {X} that's about all. Cans and buckets. Lard.
Interviewer:  Is there any difference between syrup and molasses?
472:  Well I have been told that there is. But I've never known a difference really. Now let's see there's uh sugarcane syrup and there's uh {X} what's the name of that other kind of syrup that you can get? what well I do say I just can't recall it.
Interviewer:  {X} maple?
472:  Huh?
Interviewer:  Maple?
472:  No. It's you make it out of sorghum.
Interviewer:  Sorghum that's
472:  Sorghum yes. Sorghum syrup yeah
Interviewer:  That's pretty strong stuff isn't it?
472:  Yeah sorghum is. I really love it though.
Interviewer:  Do you?
472:  Yes sorghum. Good good good made sorghum syrup is hard to beat. I like the taste and the smell. It's really good.
Interviewer:  But it's the same pretty much as mo-
472:  -lasses yeah or syrup in other words.
Interviewer:  Now when we were talking I was asking you this morning what you like to eat for breakfast uh I forgot to ask you if you drank this uh hot beverage that a lot of people drink for breakfast?
472:  No I generally drink milk or orange juice for breakfast.
Interviewer:  You don't drink coffee?
472:  No I don't drink coffee. I oh we have a tea that we drink and it's not got no caffeine in it. {X} Plain tea. It's you'd think you was drinking the shelf uh {X} even put up in bag like. But it ain't it's kapha tea.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Old kapha tea. I want to show you this picture it won't take a minute.
Interviewer:  Fine.
472:  {X} That's what the Seventh Day Adventists Movement uh uses that's the kind of tea they use You left three little grapes.
Interviewer:  Oh did I?
472:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # {X} You know have you ever been in a drug store and somebody came in and wanted coffee and if he didn't want anything in it how would wha- how would he say it? How would he order it?
472:  {NW} Flatfoot. Give me some flatfoot.
Interviewer:  Flatfoot?
472:  #1 Yeah #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # {NW}
472:  {NW} Plain you know.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Just regular old flatfoot coffee that's what he calls what I heared 'em call it for.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 {X} # Some of 'em called it uh you want coffee? Yeah and anything in it? No I want it straight.
Interviewer:  Straight. {NW}
472:  Yeah. I want it straight {X}
Interviewer:  Right. {NW}
472:  I want it straight {X}
Interviewer:  I've heard people use that same term for if they were drinking liquor they would say I want it straight. You ever heard that?
472:  No I not in liquor. Uh don't believe I ever have. {X}
Interviewer:  You ever heard of people around here making that illegal liquor you know out in the woods and fix up a still you know?
472:  Why yeah. Yes sir {X} used to be. That's called uh old white lightning.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Shinny.
Interviewer:  Shinny.
472:  Shinny
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 that's what they call #
Interviewer:  {NW} {NS}
472:  Old white lightning shinny Last time I was ever drunk that's what I was drunk on.
Interviewer:  On that white lightning?
472:  Yes
Interviewer:  That stuff can be pretty dangerous can't it?
472:  Yeah. {NW} It's really strong {NS} {X} The last that was in twenty-five.
Interviewer:  That was a long time ago.
472:  Yeah twenty-five.
Interviewer:  Fifty-three years.
472:  Yeah and I was I was uh married then. Twenty-six. Third day of May.
Interviewer:  Well that's pretty rough stuff I understand I've never had any.
472:  Yes sir whenever you know you get it strong enough you can shake that jar or whatever they got it in and it beads
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  just beads come up on it. Boy I tell you what you can do you can stick a match to it and it'll burn like kerosene. Goodness gracious. Yeah! It'll burn
Interviewer:  Don't know why anybody wanna drink that stuff.
472:  It'll burn boy that's strong.
Interviewer:  Must wanna get drunk awfully bad.
472:  Well if a man's a uh if he's a bad drinker he won't drink but just a few swallows of that before he can't hit the ground with his own hat now
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  {NW} Where he can't what?
472:  #1 He can't #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  {NW} he'd be so drunk he can't get his hat off his head to hit the ground with it.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  That right
Interviewer:  Goodness goodness.
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  White lightning they call it. Moonshine that's that's a real popular name.
Interviewer:  Moonshine.
472:  Yeah. A lot of people make it in the moonshine lights {X} but it got these people {X}
Interviewer:  I reckon why they call it shinny?
472:  I never know why they call it shinny. Just a nickname for it I reckon. It ain't a thing worth but pure alcohol.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Whiskey. Alcohol is what it is. You can get different grades of it though some of 'em don't make it real strong I mean they {NS} add a little water or something I don't know. Get more money out of it just like they do these automobiles they make now. Thin tin.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  And you could take a hammer you couldn't hardly knock a dent {X} {NW} It was so s- made out of such a good stuff. {NS}
Interviewer:  You get one a good licking it'll just about fall apart
472:  {D: Ye-}
Interviewer:  you'll have a pretty good sized expensive bill on your hands
472:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 anyway. #
472:  You're changing color
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {NW} #1 You'll #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  change the looks of it right quick
Interviewer:  It sure will
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Ain't that something? And they want a lot more money for it too you know.
Interviewer:  Well everything costs more nowadays.
472:  Oh yeah. Don't think it's coming to no good end yet. {NW}
Interviewer:  They used to before you had uh electric lights did people ever take uh maybe just a bottle and some coal oil and something for a wick and make a temporary lamp?
472:  I've even saw 'em hold torches at night. Light {X} splinters.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  For to see things. They didn't have no o- other way. And the most of 'em though had uh oil to go in the lamps and if they didn't have a lamp they'd uh fix a bottle a- twist a cloth and put in it and that you can burn oil uh thick oil in a lamp in a in a lamp like that in a bottle. Uh I reckon you could burn cylinder oil that way. Put the cloth in there you know and let it get wet.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And then s- light it and I think you can burn that I know you can any other kind of oil mostly in a in a bottle.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah. {NS}
Interviewer:  Say if uh if you had an electric lamp though and it burned out that thing that you'd have to replace that would be thing that you had to unscrew
472:  Yeah that's uh {X} I think.
Interviewer:  Or the thing that burns in the socket that's the
472:  It's oh bul- bulb you talking about
Interviewer:  #1 Right. #
472:  #2 the bulb. #
Interviewer:  #1 Right. #
472:  #2 {X} # Bulb.
Interviewer:  You didn't used to have those things though.
472:  No. Uh-uh. No me and the my little brothers they used to have a {X} uh Papa bought got to where got able to buy us a little red wagon and uh we used a little place in the corner of that wagon and uh we {C: traffic} had some little fat splinters we learned that. {NS} We light them little splinters and I'd take the tongue get up in front take the tongue up in my hand like that. And I could steer that wagon you see. With that tongue my brother'd push me around the house and we had this little splinters for our headlight.
Interviewer:  No {NW}
472:  Yeah we called that our headlight.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Yeah. And we'd just have a big ball {X} pushing that wagon around that house.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  Enjoy it.
Interviewer:  Say if a woman was going to take out her wet clothes to hang up on the line what would she probably carry 'em outside in?
472:  {NW} {NW} Well well we got these plastic baskets {C: engine revving}} uh they used a foot tub {D: engine revving} or a dishpan. Something of the kind to uh hang 'em out to air 'em out to hang 'em out. Uh if I'd had noticed real close this morning I saw one hanging out some clothes over there
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 {D: that went along} #
472:  I'd a knew what she'd had 'em in I think it was a basket though.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Plastic basket.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  They got now to where they take 'em a long way.
Interviewer:  Well what would people stick in the mouth of a bottle you know if they were uh bottling some liquid? Something they could put in it to keep it from pouring out?
472:  Well they'd either have to uh make 'em a cork stopper or have a cap some kind of cap to fit it you know bottle top.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  But uh long back yonder you'd have to make you a cork you could make 'em outta cork wood you know. Get you some cork go where there's a gully gullied out take some uh uh go down to the branch and dig you up some black gum root them old big black gums had them big old roots
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Cor- i- it's cork.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Yeah that's where you get your cork.
Interviewer:  I didn't know that.
472:  That's where I got get mine when I want it and cut 'em and they're soft and you can whittle 'em down any way you want 'em. Any size.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah get 'em out of them gullies. Out of their branches {X} Yeah. {NS}
Interviewer:  That's interesting. You ever seen people play these musical instruments that you blow 'em with your mouth and move 'em from side to side?
472:  Oh that's a mouth harp they call 'em yeah.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Mouth harp. Uh they call 'em harmonicas now.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  {NW} {X} Harmonica. I like to hear one of 'em played. Play to it.
Interviewer:  Have you ever tried to play one yourself?
472:  Yeah I've tried it. Yeah.
Interviewer:  You ever seen these things that they kind of pick on the side make a {NS} {NS}
472:  #1 Oh #
Interviewer:  #2 twangy noise? #
472:  that's what you call a Jew's harp.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Jew harp. Jew harp they call 'em. Yeah I've played them too when I had teeth.
Interviewer:  Seems like you could crack a tooth on one of those things if you weren't careful.
472:  You you'll learn how to do it though. And not hit som- let that tongue hit your tooth. You'll learn how. Yeah.
Interviewer:  Now you were talking about uh a tongue on a wagon. Say if if you had a buggy you know those things that you had to back a horse between on a buggy?
472:  Oh shafts
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  Buggy shafts.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Yeah. And if it's a tongue you have a double team I mean you have two horses. Hitch 'em to it. Uh each side of the tongue. I've saw that too.
Interviewer:  What do you call those uh things that the traces come back and hook onto on a wagon?
472:  Single tree. Single trees. Yeah. They have single trees and then they have double trees on the wagons. To hitch it to the mules. #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 They have # two {X}
472:  Oh that's one of our buddies. Friend of mine one of these people. Well I think he's tend to these l- old ladies.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
472:  Yeah. Some kin yeah.
Interviewer:  I was noticing you got some more of these big old trees over yonder too. {NS}
472:  Oh yeah and you should go over there and look where them big pines are. The man that owned that land one time he had a horse or a mule and he threw up them banks corn row and they still there.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  You see the banks of 'em.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
472:  Well they still there and that's been years ago you know it have look how big those pines are.
Interviewer:  {X} {X}
472:  That thing should have a cloud looks like.
Interviewer:  I think so.
472:  We certainly have had some bad thunder and lightning.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
472:  Yeah. Yeah. Mark these lights out and our light ain't been fixed yet it's been over two weeks. They knocked out so many of 'em {X} never got to this {NS}
Interviewer:  What kind of storm would you call that that had uh thunder and lightning?
472:  Electric. Electric storms. Electric.
Interviewer:  Do y'all ever have any bad winds around here?
472:  Oh yeah like little small hurricanes I call 'em. One time I was living that other shack down there other side of that shorter building and it came a wind one evening and there was a building sitting over yonder way over yonder. {X} to the road. And it picked up tore off the top of that building brought some of that tin and dropped it on that big oak out there.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Two pieces of it {C: imitating sound of impact}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Two pieces of it.
Interviewer:  The wind meant business.
472:  {NW} It was traveling boy. Then we had one to come through the other part of town and tear up the trees and rode down a few houses.
Interviewer:  {NS}
472:  Tore up a school house. {X}
Interviewer:  Well lemme ask you about this expression say if you had uh just a lotta rain in a short period of time maybe a couple inches in just an hour you'd say you had a regular
472:  Cloudburst. Yeah. Just call it a cloudburst.
Interviewer:  What about if you were having some rain but not very much just barely enough to get wet say you're having a little
472:  Drizzle.
Interviewer:  Drizzle.
472:  That's called a drizzle. Yeah. And uh just a little slow drizzle like that all day and all night uh really soak up the ground I mean it's steady coming you know.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  It'll really wet the ground. It's really nice it's really better than a big rain you know a big rain well pours down and runs off real fast. {X} go anywhere. But your season in it you know about it quickly
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Slow rain. Yeah.
Interviewer:  You ever been riding along on the road in the morning and you come to a low place in the road and you'll go into this thick stuff that you can hardly see through?
472:  Yeah that's called fog. Yeah that's called fog.
Interviewer:  What kinda day would you call that? You'd say it sure is a
472:  Foggy day.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Foggy morning.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  A foggy night. Yeah. It generally comes lower in the night uh time In rainy weather it'll fog that away And uh early {C: wind blowing} in the morning {NS} it'll it'll last 'til about sometime eight or nine ten oh clock before it clear.
Interviewer:  #1 Is that right? #
472:  #2 {X} # Some places yeah. But if it goes up let's see I've heard 'em say if it goes up fore seven it'll le- rain down for eleven
Interviewer:  If
472:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 it # if it what now?
472:  If it goes up before seven it'll rain down before eleven.
Interviewer:  Oh.
472:  {NW} I've heard that
Interviewer:  #1 I #
472:  #2 too. #
Interviewer:  see.
472:  Old saying you know. Old folk we're gonna have to get get going here directly
Interviewer:  It's about to rain?
472:  Yeah well lightening
Interviewer:  Oh yeah. You think we ought to move now? {C: passing traffic}
472:  Well I happen to look up to see a new squirrel nest um. {NS} I believe it's fell out of the other part of the oak down there at
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 {D: large} #
Interviewer:  right there?
472:  large yeah That's a nest that's fell out in large that's what that is.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  They wouldn't have built a nest on the side of that limb like {X} I know.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. I noticed that somebody lost a kite in that tree over there.
472:  Yeah they was over yonder in that old field yeah in the winter. And I wasn't here when he came over here in large then
Interviewer:  {NS} Say if uh you know it's been real dry and you hadn't gotten rain for a long time what would you say you're having? Having a
472:  Dry spell. {C: thunder}
Interviewer:  {X} {D: Your car}
472:  That means on buckle. Probably get something tore up.
Interviewer:  Okay.
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW} and if it if it hadn't uh rained for a real long time you'd say you're having a not just a dry spell but if it was worse than that it'd be a like a drought?
472:  Yeah you could call it yeah a long drought. Yeah uh-huh. A long dry spell is called a long drought. It's what that is a long drought. {C: silence}
Interviewer:  Let's see what we got here. I wanted to uh ask you about uh a few greetings that you would use like about this time of day if you met somebody on the street what would you say to them? You know in the way of greeting them?
472:  Well I would uh say good morning or howdy uh and uh speak to 'em and if they seem like they wanted to have a conversation or or talk or something uh I'd be glad to have one with 'em.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  You see.
Interviewer:  About how late in the day would you say good morning?
472:  A- at noon. About noon
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  {NW} Yeah.
Interviewer:  What would you say to 'em after that?
472:  Good evening Or howdy something like that.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  About how long does evening last? {NS}
472:  Well it's same as the morning I guess. So many days uh so many hours in the day.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And um after twelve oh clock then it'd be evening {X} 'til well right on until dark Probably. Then uh we we'd have we'd have to stay there until we until bedtime or something or another liken to that.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  What I think.
Interviewer:  Well you say
472:  #1 {C: clears throat} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # if you were leaving somebody during the daytime what would you say to 'em?
472:  Well bye-bye generally that's a short word you know. Bye-bye I'll see you again later.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Uh-huh. And a lotta these young folks you know now they say bye gator see you later
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  #1 Something a #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  little old short something you know?
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Like that.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  {X} they like a little fun everything
Interviewer:  Well if you were leaving somebody at nighttime what would you say?
472:  Well the that comes in at goodnight Uh see you another time or well sometime you use bye-bye there.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. I see. What about this expression say if a farmer started work uh before the sun came up you'd say that he started work before
472:  Eh he starts his work before daylight sun.
Interviewer:  Oh.
472:  Work he started before daylight I mean uh u- between daylight and sunup I got it wrong.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Between daylight and sunup he may have been out there plow
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Or if he's a little late getting out in the field you might say that when he got out there the sun had already
472:  Yeah uh-huh. Uh might meet him and say Hey whatcha doing sleeping on your shirt tail so long this morning
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  That's my hope Something like that
Interviewer:  Oh
472:  {X} I've heard 'em talk about that.
Interviewer:  He would be late because the sun had already
472:  Uh-huh. Yeah. He's past his time. Well that's just because sometime they sleep late. Sometime they uh uh have other chores that they have to do.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  But the old short way is just tell 'em don't sleep on your shirt tail too long. {NW}
Interviewer:  Right. {NS} Say if somebody came to see you uh uh Sunday not last Sunday but the one before that one you say that he came to see you when?
472:  Uh he came ab- uh today's a week ago he came.
Interviewer:  Right. And if he's if he's gonna come see you not this coming Sunday but the one after that he's coming to see you
472:  Well it'll be uh {NW} S- Sunday after this coming Sunday.
Interviewer:  Right. Okay. What if uh if somebody came and stayed with you if you had company from about the first of the month to the fifteenth you'd say he stayed about
472:  Uh let's see that's fifteen fifteen days
Interviewer:  Yes sir. Ever heard people around here call that a fortnight?
472:  A what?
Interviewer:  A fortnight?
472:  No I haven't.
Interviewer:  Alrighty. Say if if you were downtown and you didn't have a watch with you if you wanted to know the time of day what would you ask somebody? {C: train whistle blowing}
472:  Uh {NS} {X} {NS} what time of the d- {NS} uh hey friend what time of the day is it getting to be? Got a watch?
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  You got a watch? And then he would tell me.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  And I can I have been to where I could look at the sun pretty well and tell.
Interviewer:  Oh really?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  My father used to knock us off at twelve oh clock. Uh in the daytime we'd be way in the woods and didn't have a timepiece we'd look up to the sun or look at shadows he went by the shadows. {X}
472:  And he'd say well we're about to get home it's about time to eat.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  It's getting come time to eat and we get on in and they have it cooked.
Interviewer:  Pretty handy to be able to do that.
472:  U- yeah. He was he really knowed that see he'd just been uh one of the old-timers other words and he never had no watches or nothing. He just had a clock at home.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  {NW} And he could {C: train whistle} tell about that sun {X} Well I might throw this in. Uh the man that lived here before I lived here he come to the window here one day and he says well I'll be was out there in the yard he said you see that big old oak over yonder? I said yes sir. He said now when that sun sets behind that oak then it turns back goes back to the uh south.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And he was right. It's done turned back now. Quite a ways.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
472:  And I can get to that window there and look down and see it under the bridge in the in the dead winter. Uh it'll set {X} you see it right under the bridge see that's opening down the railroad.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And I can see that sun when it goes down {NS} under that bridge. Over that view
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
472:  And it's real interesting {NS} to know people {C: train whistle} watch things like that you know?
Interviewer:  It is.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  {D: Exactly.} We're talking about asking people about the time if somebody asks you what time it was and if it was exactly midway between seven and eight you'd say it was just
472:  I'd I'd just say it was uh uh seven-thirty.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Seven-thirty.
Interviewer:  Is there any other way of saying that? Seven-thirty or
472:  Uh seven-thirty {C: passing plane} well I've always called it that. Seven-thirty.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  Yeah you could say that I reckon. Halfway.
Interviewer:  Or half-past?
472:  Or half-past.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  Say half-past.
Interviewer:  Well say if it were fifteen minutes later than half-past ten you'd call that just
472:  Fifteen minutes after ten. {NS} after ten. Fifteen after ten.
Interviewer:  This ex- say this expression if you've been doing something for a long time you say you've been doing that for quite
472:  Quite a few weeks or a m- month even even years. I've been doing this {X} house that I've done tha- tha- that a way all of my life. See?
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 {X} # {X} {X} I've known that all of my life.
Interviewer:  Yes
472:  Since I'm big enough to know.
Interviewer:  Right. Okay.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  {NW} Talking about since we got some bad weather somebody might go outside and look up in the sky and say wow I don't like the looks of those dark
472:  I done said that this morning.
Interviewer:  {NW} Did you?
472:  I told my neighbor been over there and I said wow The uh weather looks {X} we might have some more rain. Like that you know just before it started raining again. And so uh I s- I said it looks stormy! Real dark and stormy but there's no wind {X} hardly. And it wasn't and uh so we left it that and some of 'em says I think it rained last night pretty well I said from the looks of the water in the yard it rained all night.
Interviewer:  {NW} #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 Like that you know. #
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  {NW} It did rain most of the night. Slow {C: clears throat}
Interviewer:  But you can tell that you're gonna get some if you've got a lot of dark uh
472:  Uh-huh well when I was fixing my breakfast it was just really dark. Put on the light. {NS} Couldn't even see. {X} dark dark clouds.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. What kinda if it's a day you know when the sun's shining and it's just the kinda day that you you really like you say well it looks like it's gonna be a
472:  A beautiful day today. Wonderful happy for it something like that you know. Go ahead {X} It'll happen. Uh {C: talking to exterior person} Appreciate it. And if it's k- uh hadn't had rain in a long time as I was talking about yesterday
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  I would say well it's so dry I'm so happy to see that cloud coming or the cloud it's clouding up.
Interviewer:  Right. Right.
472:  Happy for that
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  And I would be.
Interviewer:  What wou- what would you call a day like today?
472:  Ho wow. It's just I'd call it a bad damp day. And the old saying is got damp and damp quick.
Interviewer:  {NW} Yes sir. I see.
472:  That's one of my uncles used to say that. And he always told us says now {X} come in some time be raining he say well said the best sign of rain that I ever saw says clouded all the way around the porch {X}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  And that was another clue'd I'd remembered you know.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  {NW} Says {NW}
Interviewer:  Well what what would you say it's doing if the clouds begin to pull off and the sun starts shining through? You say it's
472:  The clouds are breaking now and I can see the sun occasionally I believe it's going to bear off. Maybe have some fair weather.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  {X} might be s- I might say again I'm happy I see the clouds a-breaking we get some more
Interviewer:  Yes-
472:  sunshine.
Interviewer:  Right. You were telling me yesterday that y'all had had some bad winds around here?
472:  Uh-huh. Yeah we have.
Interviewer:  What do you say it's doing if uh if the wind it has been very gentle but it's gradually getting stronger?
472:  Uh it's storming. And uh s- {X} Stormy and uh {X} it's uh indicators we're gonna have some wind. Or a storm. And um then we have what you call storms. That's a light wind. But hurricanes a- are a fast wind.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Speedy. And we uh call storms hurricanes cyclones. Uh and then we have a wind we call a whirlwind storm.
Interviewer:  What's that like?
472:  Uh it's a it's a kind of a cyclone wind but it's a whirl- just rolling.
Interviewer:  Does it do any damage?
472:  Oh it- it's about the worst one you can have.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
472:  Yeah. Cyclone. It's the worst thing you could have i- in the wind part.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  You ever heard people use the expression the wind's picking up or it's rising or something like that?
472:  Yeah. Oh the wind's getting high
Interviewer:  Getting high?
472:  Yeah. Getting high.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Blowing hard. Something.
Interviewer:  What is just the opposite of that? It's been very strong but it's gradually getting more
472:  #1 {C: clears throat} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  {NW} Well the wind is coming down. We shall have uh old bad weather.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Coming down.
Interviewer:  What's your favorite time of the year? As far as weather goes?
472:  Favorite time of weather? W- w- well uh yeah. Well {NW} I suggest in the uh autumn. And in the spring. That's my two favorite places in the weather. In the in the seasons. But uh {X} {C: clears throat} the way I come up with this if it's a real hot day and it somebody just really {X} I say well good old summer and good old winter For why I say that I like 'em both You see?
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  I'm in favor of both of 'em. And according to the Bible they see it and i- it will be uh it'll be seasons as long as the world is here. As long as the time runs there'll be seasons. There won't there won't be out of season. In other words in season and out of season {X} the Bible says in sea- in season and instant innocent out of season and in season. He has {X} in season and out of season.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard people use the expression i- it's kinda airish or it's a little bit uh uh snappy or chilly this morning?
472:  Yeah. Yeah uh-huh I've heard 'em say that. It's a little cool this morning! {X} it's almost cool enough to light the heater off. Almost cool enough to put me on a jacket this morning. It's a little airish out there.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  It's kind of invigorating?
472:  {NW} Yeah.
Interviewer:  {NW} {NW} What about have you ever gone out early in the morning and you had this light coat and white on the ground? Not snow but just uh
472:  Had to be frost. Talking about frost. Well you have on a pretty good heavy coat and that them days.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  And when you walk outside and your your breath smokes.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  A loop of frost most every time. They'll be frost on the ground somewhere.
Interviewer:  Are some frosts uh worse than others?
472:  Oh yeah {C: clears throat} some heavy frosts and some light frosts. {NS} And in some places around here you can discover it. It won't be none nowhere else. And that's on a low place with trash. On a trash pile. You'll discover frost there {NS} mostly and quicker than anywhere else
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  On the trash pile.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Ever heard people talk about having a killing frost or a jack frost?
472:  Yeah. Yeah they call it jack frost them big ones. Uh they really we really had a killing frost maybe that'll do the insects good you
Interviewer:  #1 Right. #
472:  #2 know? # {NW}
Interviewer:  Right. Yeah.
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Or if it gets real cold somebody might say well it got so cold last night that the lake
472:  Yeah the lake froze over.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  Um We have ice out there the ice is almost thick enough to uh walk on. And I have saw it that way
Interviewer:  Oh around here?
472:  Oh yeah
Interviewer:  That cold?
472:  y- yeah In this country. and mud holes froze over walk on 'em. You can cross them. Yeah I've saw that. Course the more the times {NS} why how that comes about I think we uh in freezing the mud holes i- the water is all times soaking in the ground where it's mud holes you know?
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And that water soaks down and that ice still freezes as it soaks down. And it'll make a big kink of ice time it's all out of it out of there.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. {NS}
472:  Walk on it Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  {C: clears throat}
Interviewer:  Uh and if it's if it's real cold somebody might say well if it gets much colder the pond might
472:  Might freeze over. Yeah. The pond might freeze over.
Interviewer:  We were talking yesterday about you were telling me about wagons singletrees and doubletrees?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What about what do you call that outside edge of the wagon wheel you know? You call that the
472:  The hub? You talking about the
Interviewer:  #1 Well #
472:  #2 hub? #
Interviewer:  that's right in the middle there. {NS}
472:  The middle yeah.
Interviewer:  But around the outside edge of the wheel that would be the
472:  {NW} uh that would be uh the feller. Tha- that that that word you're talking about is a feller. They're called fellers. And the- and they and they uh metal is put around 'em you see? Yeah the hook they tie {X}
Interviewer:  #1 The tire? #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  #1 That's the #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  metal.
472:  Yeah that's the metal. Goes around this uh uh wood. And the words called feller. {NS} Uh I've heard the people say well that piece of filler well we'll ride it outta the tire and we're gonna have to fix that wagon wheel.
Interviewer:  Is that feller where the spokes join in
472:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  That's that wood yeah. That's what you call a feller. And it'll rot in some places and they'll have to decay you know and they have to put in a new one.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And then they have to take the tire off and fix this {NS} and heat that tire red-hot {NS} as they can get it and take tongs or something and lift it up put it uh put the wheel down on the ground. And pick it up and put it down over there. See you have your wheel your filler laying on some pieces of something Yes sir.
Interviewer:  and then where that tire just come right down even there. And that's the way to shrink 'em. And then it shrinked. Sometime they'll drop a little water on it whenever they'll put it on there. S- red-hot. And that'll shrink it right tight man that's a tight wheel. You got some {X} That'll do the job.
472:  Yes sir it's really something to watch how people can do that.
Interviewer:  Right I see. What would what do farmer use to break up his ground with? Before he began to plant?
472:  Uh well he used a plow and different kind of plows and uh some of 'em is called uh Olivers. Big olive plows. Some of 'em's called uh small turning plows in other words uh s- go by the inches. {NS} You have a {X} s- six inch from six inch up to ten inch.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  {X} And {NW} uh if you wa- if you got a animal that's not too heavy and too large you get you buy 'em according to your animal. The way I always did. If I had a light animal I always n- never bore with seven inches} You know cut seven inches at a time.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  An- because it's too hard on the animal. Too much strain.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And then those like {X} little garden plow push. Uh I can go out there and turn the ground with my garden plow Right out. In the woods.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  But I have to set this I have to learn how to set it where it won't strain.
Interviewer:  Well after you've plowed is there something that you can use to break up the ground even finer?
472:  Uh disc. Then you take your disc and go over it. Pulverize it up. Then you lay off your rows {NW} and put your line of seed in there. I also put I put the fertilizer in if I use commercial I put it in there with any kind and then run my plow uh little plow back through it see And stab it real good in your dirt.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  It don't {X} you see.
Interviewer:  Is there something you can use called a harrow?
472:  Yeah you have a a a what you call a horn-toothed harrow. And you can buy them in different sizes. And there's one they call a little a little uh let's see what they call that? I forgot. A little {X} I believe they call it. {X} And you can go between your rows with it you see. And it keeps the grass down {X} And there's one you can pull over the whole field. Drag it down. Well and you set your teeth right and it'll drag up the roots. And you walk along behind it has a thing you trip it. Just trip it and it won't pick up it'll just {X} teeth'll come back and have to run over the pile of trash. Somebody come along behind and pick up that trash.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Put it to little roots and things.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Always have it. But it takes a big animal to pull it {X}
Interviewer:  I imagine it does.
472:  It does it's heavy.
Interviewer:  What do you call the part of the wagon that runs up underneath it you know the wheel that the wheels are attached to?
472:  Oh that's the axle. And uh it's a and you you have to have a axle and then you have a coupling for it.
Interviewer:  What's that?
472:  Couplings are in the middle Couples the wagon together.
Interviewer:  Oh.
472:  In other words
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  alright. And on this coupling {X} there won't be but about that much of it showing
Interviewer:  about two feet?
472:  Uh yeah uh I mean in the middle because there's a brace comes from each the back end {C: distorted speech}
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  comes to the middle and attaches to this {C: silence}
Interviewer:  {NS} What do you call this uh uh wooden frame you know that carpenters used a lot they can take a couple of them and make a temporary table if they wanted to
472:  Uh Well
Interviewer:  It's kind of a kinda shaped like that
472:  Oh yeah That's what you call uh Sawhorse
Interviewer:  Yes
472:  Sawhorse
Interviewer:  I see
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Was there anything uh kinda like that that you could use as a as a brace for a log if you were gonna saw it off just put it it's kind of shaped like an X and you could put log right in the middle and saw off the end of it
472:  Uh-huh Yeah that's called uh A s- uh I don't know What what did we call it call it unless we called it a {X} {X}
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  {X} Got two {X} Down the X side
Interviewer:  Yes
472:  Put that in there You'd have your place to saw
Interviewer:  Ever heard people call that a wood rack or sawbuck or something like that?
472:  No I have a wood rack out there {NS} But
Interviewer:  What's that for
472:  It's it's the same it's all the same style but there's three three of them together {NS} Three of these together you see And I saw any most any length of the wood And I got it in a {X} Or you know rack it's your rack Wood rack
Interviewer:  Got three of those X shaped
472:  #1 Yes it's got #
Interviewer:  #2 Things #
472:  Three of them And it's what you call a wood rack I think
Interviewer:  Yes I see
472:  And that's what you showed me that represents a sawhorse
Interviewer:  Sawhorse okay
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  say you when you get up in the morning on your h- on your hair you might use either a comb or a
472:  Brush Yeah comb or brush
Interviewer:  If you're using a brush you say you got to
472:  Brush brush your hair
Interviewer:  {NS} Do you ever use a straight razor to shave with
472:  Oh yeah Uh you have to be so careful with it {NW} I don't fool with them much
Interviewer:  It'll carve up your face
472:  My father used them {X} And the older days though I had to take shaving And uh I was shaving with my safety razor All the time
Interviewer:  What'd you have to sharpen that to
472:  A big razor Had a razor hone and a razor strop Hone the razor good and then strop it and then put your {X}
Interviewer:  Yes sir
472:  Yeah {NS} Knock all the {X} Off you see that's what the strop is for
Interviewer:  Right
472:  You put the {X}
Interviewer:  I see
472:  Well that's the same way about my pocket knife I wet my knife or file it or something another Then I uh put it on a slick stone Knock the {D: water edge} Off and I got a cutting knife
Interviewer:  I see say if a man was going to go hunting if he was using a shotgun he would use a shell in his shotgun but if he was going to use a pistol or a rifle he'd use a
472:  Cartridge
Interviewer:  Have you ever done any hunting
472:  Yeah I have {NS} Not too much I never did {X} I got a boy he loves it
Interviewer:  Right
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Okay I see when you were a young boy did y'all ever have anything like uh a long board where one boy could sit on one end and one on the other and then you'd go
472:  Seesaw
Interviewer:  Right
472:  Yeah seesaw That's what it's called seesaw
Interviewer:  Y'all made those?
472:  Yeah we made something better than that
Interviewer:  What was that?
472:  {D: Launching}
Interviewer:  What was that about
472:  That's a stump narrow stump {X} Sit down on Bring something like a cross tie And take a {NS} Bolt and drive it down through the uh center A round bolt Little hole or something like that Put your board And then One get on one end of it one on the other And it's one get Push them around My me that's something
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {NW} Gets you sick as a {X} {NW} Much of it you know
Interviewer:  Yeah I guess you would get kind of dizzy
472:  It's like a swing a swing will make you sick And thirsty
Interviewer:  I see did you ever just take a board and and anchor it at both ends it'd be kind of limber so you could jump up and down on it in the middle?
472:  Called a spring board
Interviewer:  Spring board
472:  Yeah Spring board I've been on a lot of them especially one at the creeks you know when you was You would spring up and down
Interviewer:  Oh you mean to go out in the water
472:  Yeah Dive off Diving board you call it
Interviewer:  Yes sir I see
472:  {NW} Yeah Diving board
Interviewer:  Did you ever use a coal burning stove for heat?
472:  {NW} Yeah yeah yeah I know it wasn't a wood burner I know that much Yeah yes I had to because I remember that camp I stayed on in the river At the river
Interviewer:  Yes sir
472:  The big coal heater And but I didn't have no Coal coal but I used uh Um it had a notch you know for coal It'd burn wood or coal It was a coal heater But I didn't have the coal but I have warmed my coal heaters i- {X} When I had that
Interviewer:  Yes sir
472:  Come in there in the winter and Go in there and it kept that warm real warm without coal in it
Interviewer:  Did you have some kind container inside where you could keep coal next to the stove?
472:  Yeah Inside the heater you mean
Interviewer:  Well you know just a place next to the stove where you could keep coal if you needed some to put
472:  Oh I see what you mean Yeah Uh you'd have what you call a coal box
Interviewer:  Yes sir
472:  To get the coal out of Coal box Yeah
Interviewer:  What if if you had an ax and you wanted to put an edge on it if you wanted to sharpen it what would you use? Uh what did you use years ago?
472:  File File used the file {X} {NW} Until the latter days later days I uh Uh got a ember wheel Real good one And I use it now On sharp axes or {X}
Interviewer:  Did you ever see one of these old fashion wheels that you had to turn it around?
472:  {NW} Uh that's what you call a grindstone A hand grindstone yeah Uh Grind rocks That's what you called them grind rocks Um I thought I had one of them {X} {NS} We sharpened axes on them too
Interviewer:  I see
472:  Yeah {NW} And uh then they had they come up with a Them grind stones with a Seat on by them And pedals And I've used them too
Interviewer:  You'd just do it yourself
472:  Done your own pedaling
Interviewer:  Right
472:  like it's almost
Interviewer:  Right
472:  Faster you pedal faster you turn
Interviewer:  {NS} Was there something that you could use to sharpen a knife with that you could just hold in your hand
472:  Whetrocks
Interviewer:  Whetrock
472:  Yeah Whetstone some people called it
Interviewer:  I see
472:  Yeah Whetstone {NS}
Interviewer:  Say if a fellow had a car and it was making squeaking noises he might take it into the gas station and ask the man to put it up on the rack and do what to it to
472:  Yeah uh Examine it see where that squeaking is in my car It's squeaking uh Making a racket Uh
Interviewer:  What would he do it to make it quit
472:  And then he'd have to check to find out where it was and then do something about it He'd have to uh Uh either fix it tighter or Do something where it wouldn't rust
Interviewer:  Or gre-
472:  Grease it yeah could grease it Uh whatever whatever the part was
Interviewer:  If he got that stuff all over his hands he'd say his hands were real
472:  Real greasy
Interviewer:  You know that uh I don't think they have these anymore but the inside part of a tire that inflates you could call that the inner
472:  Uh Let's see what they call that Inside of a tire I don't know what they What they named that
Interviewer:  The tubes
472:  Now they have a When they go to Pump it up they have a cue They put in there And now then he got to where it uh {D: they run them all out to} Especially when they {X}
Interviewer:  Right
472:  {NS} That's a mighty smaller tube
Interviewer:  {NS} Ask about this expression say if uh just want to make sure I turned my lights off yeah say if a man has himself a a new boat and he wants to try it out he'd take it own to the water and as he's putting the boat in the water what what do you call what would he call himself doing as he's putting his boat in the water
472:  Launching Launching the boat
Interviewer:  I see I bet you've launched a
472:  {NW} Yeah
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  {X} {NW}
Interviewer:  Right
472:  I'm wearing a truss today because of lifting heavy motors
Interviewer:  Oh really
472:  Right {X}
Interviewer:  That can't be
472:  Later folks come along you're sure going Without them you know I mean
Interviewer:  No
472:  Try to do it yourself you see them doing it
Interviewer:  Right
472:  That's where I got {X}
Interviewer:  When a woman's working around the kitchen something that she'd wear around her
472:  Called apron Right
Interviewer:  Ever seen the type that came up uh over the shoulders?
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Instead of just the waist
472:  Yeah Yeah that's right
Interviewer:  Uh used to again I don't think that you have to use this anymore but uh people would hold babies' diapers together with a
472:  Safety pin
Interviewer:  I understand now you can get some that just stick together
472:  Never have saw it
Interviewer:  Haven't seen those
472:  No I haven't
Interviewer:  I see
472:  That's more modern {X}
Interviewer:  Right what would you call this thing right here that I'm writing with that's an ink
472:  I'd call it an ink pen
Interviewer:  Talking about clothes what would you say that a man's three piece suit consists of
472:  Three piece suit
Interviewer:  Yes sir
472:  I don't know Just a three piece suit
Interviewer:  Well first
472:  Well there's #1 First his #
Interviewer:  #2 Start off #
472:  Pants and Then uh Underwear And then his shirt
Interviewer:  And over his shirt he might wear?
472:  Overshirt
Interviewer:  And over that it's like he's going to church
472:  Then he'd put a coat on Called a coat {NS} Yeah
Interviewer:  Sometimes people between their shirt and their coat they wear a {NS}
472:  Neck tie {NS}
Interviewer:  Or have you ever seen these things you know they uh they don't have any sleeves to them or anything you wear it
472:  Oh you're talking about a vest
Interviewer:  Right
472:  Yeah {NS} vest
Interviewer:  Did you ever wear one
472:  Yeah Sure did
Interviewer:  I see say if I were trying on some clothes I might say something like well uh that coat won't fit this year but last year it
472:  I've outgrowed it
Interviewer:  Well
472:  It's too large Or I'm getting too fat
Interviewer:  Right
472:  or something like that Gaining weight
Interviewer:  Or it won't fit this year but last year it alright
472:  Just fit perfect
Interviewer:  {NW} or say if my old clothes are just getting worn out I might say well I need to go to town to buy myself a
472:  Another suit
Interviewer:  Not an old one but a
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Need to buy a
472:  Yeah Buy a new suit
Interviewer:  You know sometimes when
472:  {NS} Sometimes I'll call these clothes wearing out they're getting mighty bad thread bang
Interviewer:  Thread bang
472:  Thread bang called it thread bang {NS} Had to do something about it {NS}
Interviewer:  You know sometimes when young girls are getting ready to go out on a date with a boy they'll spend a lot of time in front of the mirror what would you say they're doing
472:  I guess they'd call it beautifying themselves {NS} Yeah {NW}
Interviewer:  Right
472:  They really go for that {NS}
Interviewer:  Right
472:  Yeah My backside Sometimes my back will always lack too much anyway
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  About that Don't want it too extreme other words
Interviewer:  Right
472:  I don't want one looking old slouch I'd call it old slouch I don't want {NW} But these
Interviewer:  Now what what if a boy or a man were going out on a date and he was doing the same thing you know spend a long time in front of the mirror?
472:  Oh well he'd kind of have to see his face wasn't dirty or Maybe or just to see if he can straighten his hair a little different Make it a little Look more neater
Interviewer:  Would you say he was beautifying
472:  Well he just wants to look neat More or less than to be beautified Course that that'd go in with that but Just to look neat and clean And see if Clothes collar and everything or his tie {NS} {X}
Interviewer:  Ever heard people use the word primping
472:  Yeah primping yeah
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  Well that that that'd go for the man and the woman wouldn't it primping {NW}
Interviewer:  Yeah it would okay yeah
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  You know sometimes when uh little boys are playing around they'll pick up just about anything they see and stuff it in their pocket and it's not long before their pocket begins to
472:  Puff out and uh {X}
Interviewer:  Right or bulk
472:  Bulk out yeah {NW} And they uh Don't Well
Interviewer:  First you know talking about women what would you call that thing that women carry along with them have all their stuff in it you know
472:  Yeah that's that purse they call it yeah
Interviewer:  Some of them get pretty crowded I know
472:  Yeah Yeah they do they get Pretty crowded Some of them lose them in fact {NW} Somebody snatch {NS}
Interviewer:  Right
472:  Yeah {NS} A total loss {X} Over in Mobile I think it was Uh they grabbed her purse and she held onto it and they took her down the street
Interviewer:  No
472:  Yeah They'd have killed her if she hadn't come with them
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  Yeah I reckon
Interviewer:  Do women have a little a little one that they can carry inside their purse that's a metal flask they use for carrying change or coins
472:  Yeah It's uh Called a uh That's what they put their pocket change in It's uh Called a Pocket book little inside pocket
Interviewer:  Do you ever see men use those?
472:  I've got one in my pocket
Interviewer:  Oh do you
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Do you use one?
472:  I've got uh
Interviewer:  I'd like to see that oh yeah {NS} do you keep folded money in there too
472:  No
Interviewer:  Just change
472:  Little change purse I call it Change purse Then I have one there in the drawers uh Massive it'll come over you Fill up the thing
Interviewer:  I see
472:  Put a lot of change in it but don't hold nothing
Interviewer:  I see yeah what about the thing that women like to wear around their
472:  Bracelets {NS} Wrist watches
Interviewer:  What about around their neck they might wear
472:  Necklace
Interviewer:  Or bea-
472:  Beads {X} I bought a pair of String of beads oh Two feet long about
Interviewer:  Two feet
472:  {X} {NS} Beautifulest beads you ever looked at in your life
Interviewer:  Oh my
472:  Long beads She liked beads and I just bought them Wedding beads we called it I bought me a neck tie wear the neck tie It uh was a beautiful color But it represents the rattle snake color
Interviewer:  Hmm
472:  It was certainly pretty though
Interviewer:  Yes
472:  It And I bought her the beads
Interviewer:  {NS} Well what do you what do you call those things that you're wearing that go over your shoulders
472:  I call them suspenders or galluses or Trouser holders something to hold
Interviewer:  Right
472:  Something to hold up your trousers
Interviewer:  I see
472:  I always call 'em suspenders
Interviewer:  Right {NS} {NS} and something that you would use on a day like today to hold over your head
472:  {NW} Umbrella
Interviewer:  Beg your pardon
472:  Umbrella
Interviewer:  Ever heard that called anything else?
472:  Parasol
Interviewer:  {NS} Is that the same thing
472:  Same thing Parasol and umbrella That's it That's one of the things I had to learn how to spell {NW} #1 So at the school #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  Umbrella
Interviewer:  Right {X}
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Now when a person is making up his bed the last thing that goes on the bed what would that do
472:  Spread {NS} {X} {X}
Interviewer:  Ever heard an old fashioned word for that
472:  Uh Counterpane
Interviewer:  Counterpane
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Was that just the same thing
472:  A {D:caterpane} no i- it's not the same thing {X} They have what they call bedspread And counterpane Both answer for the same thing But the counterpane is supposed to be more Uh nicer than any bedspread Course I saw some mighty pretty bedspreads {NS} But a counterpane is heavier than a bedspread {X} And much nicer Made outta special {X}
Interviewer:  I see talking about beds have you ever seen uh something kind of like a pillow but longer than a
472:  A bolster You got a bolster I slept on one year before last Bolster
Interviewer:  So they're not just used for looks but you can actually
472:  Uh no I can actually Three can sleep on one or I have head for three
Interviewer:  Really?
472:  Whether yeah whether each lean across the bed big bed
Interviewer:  Yes
472:  Three could sleep on there
Interviewer:  I see hmm have you ever uh been at somebody's house maybe you're spending the night and they fix the place for you
472:  Yeah Just got a pad out {NW} Add it to there I've slept on a bench
Interviewer:  What were those things made out of ?
472:  Pretty heavy quilts mostly what they put down makes the makes floor
Interviewer:  I see say around here do y'all have any kind of uh flat low lying land along the river that's real good land for growing things
472:  That's called uh Dark rich land It would be uh really rich Uh but because of leaves And the mud Mixing and settling Just out in that field It accumulates {NS} Uh like in the ground And makes rich dirt It's all rich dirt
Interviewer:  I see have you ever heard people call really good soil anything special uh maybe like gumbo or buckshot or something like that
472:  No I never have {NS} Basically I say a special ground say that's specially rich dirt or {NS} It's just a better piece of land here than it is over there
Interviewer:  {NW} I see
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  With what about sandy soil would that be good or bad?
472:  Uh it's good {NS} But it's Always some thing that you can raise in sandy land And but you'd have to have sandy land some things are raised better in sandy land than over in the rich land Some of the vegetables
Interviewer:  Yes
472:  Uh yeah {NS} And uh {X} For peas And they'll they'll raise most anywhere you put them And you better not make them too rich Because they go mostly to vines sometime But a certain time you plant 'em and they'll all grow to vines you won't get no peas Just be vine that time of the moon
Interviewer:  Yes sir
472:  But if you plant them peas in the sandy land in time well You gonna You lay them out And sandy land's easier Till there's some land Sandy land that won't grow anything hardly but you Lot of it's uh Heavy heavy {X} Do the work
Interviewer:  I see
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Do you have any kind of land around here that you'd call bottom land or
472:  Yeah we have Sure have Down next to this pond is bottom land And uh The oldest land Is practically bottom land It's all rich and good
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
472:  Uh my father tells me that there wasn't but one or two houses here in Bay Minette Uh three anyway Uh mostly when they were here to set up And he said this all was just about farms {NS} And they hauled this dirt in and built up this place
Interviewer:  Yes
472:  Made it what it is
Interviewer:  I see
472:  Built the town
Interviewer:  You know talking about a land that's really grassy land have you ever heard people around here use the word meadow to describe that
472:  Mm no No I don't believe I have
Interviewer:  What would you what would you call a piece of land like that that just has a lot of grass or a lot of clovers something like that on it
472:  Well I'd just call it a Grassy piece of land Uh That's what it'd be just a grassy piece of land
Interviewer:  Alright you know if you if you had a piece of land that has water on it and you wanted to drain it off what would you have to dig to take off the water
472:  Well you'll have to ditch it What they call ditch it Or There is I have known some to uh Bore down with a big In the middle of the pond And drop some dynamite in there
Interviewer:  That'll take care of it
472:  And then That takes care of the water If it comes down it goes in that hole it goes back in the earth see And that'll take care of a pretty good size pond
Interviewer:  Yes sir
472:  But not a real big one I reckon But will work on a medium pond You don't have to dig
Interviewer:  I see
472:  Had your good soil right up to that hole
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard a place in the land called a ravine
472:  Ravine
Interviewer:  Yes
472:  No Oh
Interviewer:  Just like a washed out place or something like that
472:  That's always called a gully to my
Interviewer:  Gully
472:  My mind it's called gullies And uh {NS} I've heard them talk about veins Of water veins of oil in there
Interviewer:  Yes sir
472:  {NW} That's as near to the vein of the earth as I know
Interviewer:  I see I see do uh you were talking the other day about being wanting to be baptized in a creek do the creeks around here have names?
472:  Oh yeah Yeah Bay Minette Creek {X} Creek Uh Moss Creek And uh Well there's lots of Creeks got names Probably some of them I really don't know the name I know know some creeks to have {NW} Two or three names on the one creek
Interviewer:  Oh really
472:  Uh-huh Or I
Interviewer:  Mean different parts of it
472:  Yeah That's right Uh I know one up there in Stockton it's called uh Uh Atkins Lake It's a creek Call it Atkins Lake And uh Let me see it's called uh Up there on the Highway I believe it's called flat creek Flat creek I tell you Atkins Lake is called Atkins Creek now
Interviewer:  Right
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  I see it' according to where it is
472:  Yeah That's right
Interviewer:  Have you ever seen one of the well not a hill when something gets much much larger than a hill you call that
472:  A mountain Young mountains {NS} And there's you know what {NS} We have one between here and Stockton
Interviewer:  Got a mountain
472:  It's just it's the next thing to one yeah it's high as a pine tree
Interviewer:  Hmm
472:  And those boys Takes their motors the uh motorcycles out there Go up that thing Oh they got they just tore up one side of it
Interviewer:  Really
472:  Oh yeah Climbing that thing You can get on top of it see {X}
Interviewer:  Is that right?
472:  Yeah it's high
Interviewer:  Does it have a name or
472:  Uh no it's just called a high hill Out in the country High hill I never knew it was there until the year before last And I was raised around Stockton all my life
Interviewer:  Is that right
472:  Never did get back in that part of the woods
Interviewer:  Huh
472:  Yeah That's right That's something
Interviewer:  Sure is have you ever uh heard people say talking about a mountain you know that rocky side that drops off real sharp you'd say he was looking over the
472:  Over the cliff
Interviewer:  And if a mountain has a lot of them you say a mountain has a lot of real steep
472:  Cliffs
Interviewer:  Oh talking about mountains have you ever seen a place in the mountains where the water will drop a long distance?
472:  Called a waterfalls Uh no I haven't got to see that but I saw waterfall in another place
Interviewer:  They're pretty aren't they
472:  They are {X} Uh I go over to Bellingrath Garden every now and then we can just go over there
Interviewer:  Some people have been telling me about that I never have gone
472:  You're missing You're missing all
Interviewer:  That's what they tell me
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  It's really pretty
472:  Yes sir it is it is Marvel the whole thing Just to know that this lady Uh let me see what was her name But anyhow she's the She's originally uh Caused all of them to haul them big stones in there And fix it where the water comes over them And uh this just {X} He had a store close down that way And I'll bet I looked at it with my eyes it solidified
Interviewer:  Is it a big place
472:  Yeah it's a big place I don't know how big the ground Someone {X}
Interviewer:  I guess they have a lot of visitors
472:  Oh yeah All the parts in the world come over here See that
Interviewer:  Do they charge anything to get in
472:  Mm let me see No No why it was free it was we went to it free But we go to free a lot of places where they do charge
Interviewer:  Oh I see
472:  Yeah they let us for free
Interviewer:  I see
472:  {X} And uh
Interviewer:  I hope I can get over there while I'm down here
472:  But they have some things you know Uh {X} Buy or whatever you like to buy
Interviewer:  I see
472:  The uh museums {X}
Interviewer:  I wanted to ask you about the road system here in Baldwin county do y'all have pretty good road systems?
472:  Fine as far as I know Real good some spots Could stand a little Work you know Like a To correspond but I see the {X} A whole lot Redoing it here in Bay Minette making it so much nicer And uh we really appreciate that We think our roads are really bad when we hit them afterwards
Interviewer:  Yeah
472:  After being on those nice roads
Interviewer:  Right
472:  You hit the little spots you know And outside this rail road here back there But uh
Interviewer:  What uh what kind of surface does most do most of them have
472:  Well it's a pretty fair surface And some places it'll give a way but I think the cause of that when you fill it in They put the wrong kind of dirt kind of a sand like Stuff that Give a way you know it didn't pack It wouldn't pack like the other And it don't actually fill any {NW} That'll cause the black top to burst {NW} That's one way {NW} And sometime they have We have tremendous stumps in the land That'll rot out {NS} And that'll cause a weak place in the earth and they build up up that But rivulets ink down in fact And that'll {X} On the bottom of the road too
Interviewer:  Right
472:  Yeah on the bottom of the road too {NS}
Interviewer:  Say if you were driving along on the main road and you got out in the country and there was a little road going off the main road what would you call that little road?
472:  Well we we'd say there's a little three trail road turning over there you take the Three trail road and it'll lead you right down to the man's house Uh right down to the field or something like that
Interviewer:  Why do you call it a three trail
472:  It's just It's just a little narrow road And the reason it's called three trail Uh is caused from the uh {NS} Back lap Of Horse and wagon
Interviewer:  Oh
472:  Yeah That's what that's what brought up the three trail road The horse walked in the middle and wheels made
Interviewer:  Right
472:  A {NW} Uh that three
Interviewer:  Yeah three in all
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  I see
472:  {X} {X}
Interviewer:  {NS} Have any roads people would call farmer's market roads or?
472:  Yeah road leads to the market Yeah Such and such road leads to the market {NS} And Course we'd know the condition of the road most if we Uh go to market on it {X} Condition in We might say That road that rough road leads down to the market And watch that road down to the market it may be Something happened to it you know
Interviewer:  Right
472:  We'd have to say that kind of road Because without that Just take the road to the market
Interviewer:  I see what do you call that place downtown alongside the street where people walk alongside the street that's the?
472:  Trail I reckon it's called that
Interviewer:  Trail or side
472:  Sidewalk
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  Call it a sidewalk
Interviewer:  I see
472:  And outside of the street
Interviewer:  Right
472:  Sidewalk
Interviewer:  Let me ask you about this expression say if you were walking along downtown and uh you just happened to meet somebody you knew but you weren't looking for him you might say well I wasn't looking for old so and so I just happened to run
472:  Run into him Yes {NW} Run into him or run up with him
Interviewer:  Right
472:  Yes
Interviewer:  Or say if somebody's not walking away from you he's walking right
472:  He's uh Coming straight
Interviewer:  Or towar-
472:  Yeah he's coming straight to me Or he's going the other way just straight away
Interviewer:  Or you could say he's coming toward ya
472:  Yeah Yeah that's right oh special word coming toward Yeah that Them them people's coming right toward you #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Right #
472:  Yeah toward
Interviewer:  Or this expression say if a if a child has been given the same name that her mother has you say that the parents named the child
472:  After her
Interviewer:  Right right did you name any of your children uh
472:  Uh Yeah the the wife named one of them after me Lee Coraline {NS} That's my baby's name
Interviewer:  we were talking about dogs yesterday what what would you say to your dog if you wanted him to get after another do?
472:  I'd tell him catch More likely It's called More likely you Tell him to catch him that's That's called that's be the name of that is the sic him
Interviewer:  Sic him
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Sic him yeah
Interviewer:  He'll get after him
472:  Yeah Sic him sic him sic him {NS} And you know they learn that word {NS} Just as good as saying catch him
Interviewer:  Right {NW}
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Talking about animals uh horses you know those things that people put on the bottom of their feet to protect 'em
472:  Uh horseshoes yeah
Interviewer:  Have you ever played a game with those
472:  No not really I've thrown them a little once or twice but never have played
Interviewer:  Yes
472:  Game
Interviewer:  Around a post Or something like
472:  See if I can ring them Without playing
Interviewer:  What do you what do you call that though when you do that
472:  Uh
Interviewer:  {NW} Excuse me
472:  Playing a game of horseshoe
Interviewer:  Horseshoe
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Alright
472:  Playing a game of horseshoe
Interviewer:  What's that what's that part of their foot that you put the horseshoe on
472:  Hooves
Interviewer:  Are those all the same size or are they different
472:  No you have to make the shoe to fit the animal You have to make the shoe to fit the animal
Interviewer:  I see and this expression if somebody couldn't stay on a horse you'd say he fell
472:  Fell off
Interviewer:  That ever happen to you
472:  Horse threw him No it never has Uh I've had him get in the middle of a big briar patch with me though #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Oh really #
472:  Yes sir
Interviewer:  That could be interesting
472:  And the one I rode I saw him throw a boar right Flat and in on the ground
Interviewer:  Oh
472:  Stood right on its head I mean it Its heel was way up in the air and its head was down between his front legs
Interviewer:  Oh
472:  Stood standing up there and he he had to come off they weren't
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 Get on there # And he had to {X} He wouldn't get back on him
Interviewer:  Goodness
472:  And I rode that horse And that thing got Bucking on me and went into a Big briar patch Higher than my head in briars I was And boy I really give him the works while I was in that briar patch When I turned him loose on that road again he went home {NW}
Interviewer:  Goodness {NS} When we were talking about hogs yesterday I meant to ask you if a farmer doesn't want his male hog to grow up to be a boar you say he'd do what to him
472:  Circumcise him in other words {NS} Uh Trim him
Interviewer:  I see
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Would he would he call it anything different it wouldn't be a boar then it'd be a
472:  Uh a bar it'd be a bar Like a bar out there yeah Change it from a boar to a bar
Interviewer:  I see is there any difference uh like if you were going to slaughter a hog would you slaughter a boar
472:  No You you wouldn't get along so well with that
Interviewer:  Why is that
472:  Because they're strong They got a musk And uh It upsets them And the meat's no good it it You smelled 'em alright but it it the meat will taste like the smell
Interviewer:  Hmm
472:  Like a boar Can't eat it {NS}
Interviewer:  So you got to trim him
472:  Need to make a bar out of him so we can Yeah {NS} It's strange like that that's what you have to do {NS}
Interviewer:  That's interesting
472:  Now you can take a bull And you can uh kill him and take you knife and cut them off real quick {X} Like a steer you know
Interviewer:  Yes sir I see hmm well talking about farm animals what would you call the place where chickens live on a farm?
472:  That's called a chicken house a fowl house And either one it'll go either one Fowl house or chicken house
Interviewer:  Is there anything that chickens live in that you call a coop
472:  Could call it a coop yeah. Uh-huh Some people call it a chicken box but the right name is chicken coop. Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see yeah. what about uh the chicken that's sitting on a nest of eggs trying to hatch something what would you call it
472:  Well you'd call it hen set. So many eggs you know. #1 Hen sets on #
Interviewer:  #2 Yeah #
472:  So many eggs.
Interviewer:  She'd be a set
472:  She'd be a set hen
Interviewer:  Set hen
472:  Call it a setting hen
Interviewer:  You know talking about a chicken when a woman fries chicken there's usually a piece that children like to get someone can grab hold of one end and one on the other
472:  Yeah. {NW} That's called a pully-bone. Yeah.
Interviewer:  You ever do that?
472:  Uh yeah some of them take it and put their piece over one door and {X} and the other know where they are and whoever walks under it is a boyfriend or a girlfriend.
Interviewer:  Hmm
472:  That's the one you're going to marry they claim
Interviewer:  #1 Oh #
472:  #2 {NW} # {NW}
Interviewer:  That's the way it works
472:  Yeah that's what that's all about.
Interviewer:  I see
472:  In other words the main thing about it when you pull this pully-bone apart. These pully-bones {NW} one or the other is going to get the biggest piece because it's going to break off a little on side or the other and the one that gets the uh biggest piece I believe is the one that's going to marry first.
Interviewer:  Right
472:  I think is the way it goes.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  And so when you pull them that's that's what you got in mind.
Interviewer:  Right I see
472:  And it works I mean the Bones uh break one side one's bigger than the other
Interviewer:  Right
472:  And they claim that that's what that's for
Interviewer:  Right let me ask you about this expression say if you're on a farm and you hear animals start carrying on they get hungry well I didn't know it was so late it's right on the
472:  Yeah yeah those cows blowing out they are getting hungry. I have to feed them or {NS} better get to do something about it see
Interviewer:  What time do you call that you'd say it's just about
472:  Oh it's about {NS} well say five o clock
Interviewer:  That's feeding time?
472:  Yeah five o clock or maybe six o clock. Five thirty go out and feed the.
Interviewer:  Is that what they were called at uh feeding time?
472:  Yeah they'd call it uh feeding time yeah.
Interviewer:  {X} Say if you were riding on a horse and you wanted to get him started what would you say to him.
472:  You have to {NW} {NW}
Interviewer:  That'd get her going
472:  That'd get him going
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
472:  You know what's coming
Interviewer:  Sure
472:  Pull up on your bridle
Interviewer:  Right
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  What if you wanted to get him to stop
472:  You'd have to holler that word whoa pull your bridles. And it'd stop.
Interviewer:  I see yeah well if you were if you were plowing with a horse you know those things that you hold in your hand to guide him with what do you call those
472:  Lines.
Interviewer:  Those are lines
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Would it be what if you were just riding on a horse?
472:  That'd be a bridle. Bridle. Bridle reins.
Interviewer:  Reins
472:  Yeah reins that's right
Interviewer:  I see yeah. well if you've got to go somewhere and you've got to get your horse ready y- you know put on the bridle and saddle and all that you'd say you have to do what?
472:  Have to saddle up the horse. Go get uh I'd say go get the horse put the bridle on him bring him on in I'll put the saddle on him
Interviewer:  Right I see uh. You ever heard people uh use the expression uh harness him up?
472:  Put the harness on him or hitch him to the wagon or the buggy whatever. To the plow work either way. {X}
Interviewer:  I see
472:  Harness him. Harness him.
Interviewer:  Yes sir and when you're riding a horse those things that you put your feet in those are the
472:  We call we stirrups. Saddle stirrups.
Interviewer:  I see I see Now if you've got two horses hitched to a wagon the one that's uh on the right you call him anything in particular?
472:  Uh well you name your animals more than likely.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
472:  Uh you might call him Brigham or uh Frank or. It may be a female you'd call it Molly. She's Molly. Get over there Molly. Step up a little bit uh. {X} Or something like that you know.
Interviewer:  I see
472:  Keep them keep them in line. {X} One don't drag back let the other take the whole load
Interviewer:  Right you ever heard one called a lead horse
472:  Yeah that's a spike team
Interviewer:  It's a what
472:  Called a spike team
Interviewer:  What is that
472:  A lead horse I'm talking about now where they hitch Two hitched to a wagon. And one at the front.
Interviewer:  Yes sir
472:  Well that's called a spike team.
Interviewer:  That's two horses
472:  Three horses.
Interviewer:  Three horses oh I see and the one in front's the lead horse.
472:  Yeah Yeah that that would be the lead horse.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm I wonder why they call it a spike team
472:  {NS} Well it's because it's that {X}
Interviewer:  I see yeah that's interesting I want to ask you about uh the names for a few parts of the body like this part right here
472:  It's called your forehead.
Interviewer:  Forehead and uh sometimes when men let their hair grow out on their face you say they're growing a
472:  Whiskers yeah that's the proper name.
Interviewer:  Anything besides that he's growing himself a
472:  Mustache and a whiskers. {NW}
Interviewer:  What about a beard?
472:  Yeah you might call it a beard.
Interviewer:  Hmm what do you think about that do you men who wear beards
472:  {NS} Well all right you asked me for the truth and I'm going to come up with the truth.
Interviewer:  All right.
472:  Well it'd be all right for him to do this now we'll have to draw it back from the Bible.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
472:  It'd be all right for him to wear his hair long. And I don't know about your I think- It's it's not too nice to wear a beard. But this {NS} This style is come from uh bad people such as hippies. And they got another name but I can't call them that.
Interviewer:  What for those people
472:  Yeah the hippies {NS} There's another name I've come across for them I've forgotten what they called that But {NW} They they They all joined up {X} And the hippy. The word hippy means disobedient to me. {NS} I mean they uh mean people. People they do mean and do they got on this dope and that just doubles it. And it makes me disgusted to see anybody wearing this hippy. I- I- I'm like this now but them I'm like I am by. Woman and a man. I don't know a he from a she.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  A lady all right. And I don't whether he's a real hippy or just got the style. Now I know some sweet people wearing their hair long and beard and all that. They're real nice folks but why they want to copy cat I call it all the meanness. People who copy that style come from is bad and I wouldn't want to do that for my body. I want my body to keep more clean than that. And some of they tell me don't even wash their hair only once a week or something.
Interviewer:  Hmm
472:  And they're sweaty and you can smell them.
Interviewer:  Bet you could
472:  You can I've known many there and you can smell them and uh some of them takes care of. And some of the boys he just loves that hair like a woman loves her hair and they really trim it good. See but the word of God Says shame for a man to wear long hair. and it's wrong for a woman to cut her hair Sometimes I want to preach to my church.
Interviewer:  Is that right
472:  And I might do it one of these days.
Interviewer:  {NW} Got some people in there like that
472:  Yeah {NS} Yeah uh women cutting their hair. {X} Cuts her hair. Man what a fine one with long hair boy I really I really praise. {X} I really do.
Interviewer:  It'd be pretty
472:  Yes sir I think that Wow {NS} Why it makes it so pretty with me is because the Bible says that is her clothes. And it is. {NS}
Interviewer:  We were talking about parts of the body uh this right here you just call that
472:  Ear
Interviewer:  Which one would that b
472:  Right ear or left ear.
Interviewer:  Okay and this is the back of my
472:  Head neck.
Interviewer:  Alright and you might get something stuck in your
472:  Throat.
Interviewer:  Ever heard of this part right here that you see on some people go up and down
472:  Like mine.
Interviewer:  Yes sir yeah I can see that
472:  It's on top Little young ones coming around And they look at me under that I said put your finger on there. They put it on there and Worked it like that you know. {NW} That's a sight to them {NW} And I've heard the old folks say yeah you've got a big dumpling snatcher.
Interviewer:  Dumpling snatcher
472:  {NW} That'd be good for that.
Interviewer:  Yeah that's interesting
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard it called anything else
472:  Uh Joogle. Joogle. Why he's got a big joogle.
Interviewer:  Ever heard it called a goozle?
472:  No joogle.
Interviewer:  Joogle
472:  Joogle yeah {NS} Neck joogle
Interviewer:  Dumpling snatcher
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  What about this place all around your teeth you call that?
472:  Gums.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh and this is my
472:  Palm of my hand.
Interviewer:  What
472:  Palm. #1 My #
Interviewer:  #2 Right #
472:  Hand.
Interviewer:  Now you make a
472:  Squeeze.
Interviewer:  Or you say you're going to make a
472:  A fist out of
Interviewer:  Right and you got two
472:  Two fists.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh what about uh you know when people some people they complain that they're getting sore in their?
472:  Muscles.
Interviewer:  Or a place
472:  {NS} In the crook of their arm.
Interviewer:  Right
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Or their joints
472:  Joint yeah.
Interviewer:  Do you ever have any trouble with that
472:  Never have very much I have. In my right leg. A little bit in my knee. {NS}
Interviewer:  I see and the upper part of a man's body you call that his
472:  Breast.
Interviewer:  And uh you say he has real broad
472:  Shoulders.
Interviewer:  Okay what about do you know this part of your leg right here if you uh bump it against something?
472:  Skin bone bone yeah. {NW} Boy that hurts.
Interviewer:  Just have to hobble around for a while
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Say if a if a little boy wanted to scare you like he might have to get down behind a a couch so that you couldn't see him you say that he had to do what so you couldn't see him?
472:  Squat down.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Would you say he had to squat down on his
472:  Yeah head down yeah squat down on his hunkers.
Interviewer:  Right
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  This part right here
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  That'd be his hunkers
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Ever heard the people say he had to was going to he had to hunker down to something?
472:  Yeah. He had to hunker down to something yeah I've heard that yeah.
Interviewer:  Means he just had to
472:  Stoop down.
Interviewer:  Okay
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see
472:  Get low.
Interviewer:  Right {NS} let me ask you about this expression say if a person has been sick but he's he's gotten a little better somebody might say well old so and so is uh up and around but he still looks a little bit
472:  Puny he looks thin. Uh he looks pale.
Interviewer:  Right ever heard them say peaked?
472:  Yeah peaked
Interviewer:  Yeah
472:  Yeah little peaked.
Interviewer:  I see
472:  I've heard them uh I've s- I heard that mostly whenever they'd begin to be sick.
Interviewer:  Hmm
472:  They would their looks would fail would fade. Um that person over yonder still looks peaked. Looks so pale.
Interviewer:  Hmm
472:  Pale or peaked and that's before he even talked I mean.
Interviewer:  I see
472:  And then you can say that after they recover now.
Interviewer:  Right right
472:  And still peaked or pale.
Interviewer:  Right say a man that's able to lift real heavy weights you say he sure is mighty
472:  Strong yeah.
Interviewer:  Ever heard people use the word stout there he's might stout person
472:  Yeah that's a that's a that's a word too stout and strong.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
472:  Combine the same for me mean the same.
Interviewer:  Same thing
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  I see what about somebody who always goes around he's got a smile on his face something nice to say about people you say he sure is mighty
472:  Pleasant {NS}
Interviewer:  Yeah nice to know people like that
472:  Yeah and they just wear a smile all the time. That's the way that wife that I used to have
Interviewer:  She was like that?
472:  You'd know her by her smile she wore.
Interviewer:  You know young boys when they're growing up sometimes they'll get to where they just run into things and knock things over and trip over the own feet you say oh so and so sure is mighty
472:  Clumsy.
Interviewer:  Yeah did you ever know people like that? {NS}
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Let me ask you this um a person who just keeps on doing things that don't make any sense you say oh so and so he's just
472:  He's crazy or something you know yeah Uh {NS} He's absent minded or crazy {NS}
Interviewer:  You ever heard people use kind of a strong word if they're talking about somebody like that they'd say old so and so he's just a plain
472:  No no Well they'd call him different names Just a Just an old slouch or an old don't care or hypocrite or {NS} something like that.
Interviewer:  What about the word fool have you ever heard people use?
472:  Yeah yeah you're just an old fool you know. But I learned in the Bible is coming against oh woe unto the man who calls his brothers a fool. Mercy calling your brother a fool is just. That's the reason why I never come out with that at that time I guess cause.
Interviewer:  That'd be a strong name
472:  Yeah I don't never come up with nothing like that that's just. {X}
Interviewer:  Right true.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Well what about a man who has a lot of money but he likes to hang onto it you'd say he's just an old
472:  Yeah uh money lover uh craves money. A money shark that's his name just a money shark.
Interviewer:  Ever heard people call him a tight wad?
472:  Yeah won't tie his money loose definitely {NS} a tight wad
Interviewer:  Say if I were to say this about a person old so and so is just as common as he can be what would what would you take that to mean
472:  Well
Interviewer:  Said he was common
472:  Yeah he's just as common and sweet as he can be. He's just as common and just. That is uh Right in your hand he he's not uh he's not no uh high strung person. He's just {X} And calm
Interviewer:  I see he's just average
472:  Average {X} And calm
Interviewer:  I see
472:  Nice person
Interviewer:  Right
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  What about a person that's maybe in their nineties but they can still do for themselves like cook and get around pretty well you might say well I don't care how old he is he's still mighty
472:  Mighty active.
Interviewer:  I see
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see ever heard people say spry
472:  Yea that's a word too spry and active.
Interviewer:  Mean about the same thing
472:  The same thing.
Interviewer:  I see say if a person left a lot of money sitting around in plain sight and he didn't lock his door you'd say he sure is
472:  Careless.
Interviewer:  Yeah
472:  Leaving his money
Interviewer:  Yeah I see
472:  Now I I just have another story about I see I don't see much of it now as I used to. Uh men would come around with a big pocket book in that seat pocket with a big chain on it or something you know. And we'd just say well that man's got a lot of money you'd think it was in that pocket book. But I don't see much more of that happening around this day and time. {NS} I sure would hope they cut it out
Interviewer:  #1 Is that right #
472:  #2 {X} # They don't work so.
Interviewer:  Good idea
472:  {NS} And I imagine they would most of them and I saw did have money in there.
Interviewer:  Right
472:  If I was a criminal or a Wanting some money I'd just as soon take him to anybody else.
Interviewer:  Right
472:  Get that money.
Interviewer:  Yeah I see
472:  That's why here comes the Bible again. Love of money is the roots of all evil. It's according to how you have the money. If I was a millionaire and didn't have it right I'll tell you I wouldn't be doing right. {X} I'd be in danger of hell. If I was a millionaire and had just the glory of God It's all right to be a millionaire.
Interviewer:  Yes sir
472:  I believe it {NS}
Interviewer:  What about this expression say if I had an aunt named Lizzy
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  I might say well there's really nothing wrong with Aunt Lizzy it's just that every now and then she just acts kind of
472:  Kind of foolish Or silly {NS} Silly she's just silly
Interviewer:  Could you say something like well she just every now and then she just acts kind of queer
472:  Yeah you could say queer answer all right
Interviewer:  As far as you know has that word changed meanings Uh over the years does it mean anything different or does it just mean kind of strange or
472:  Yeah it still means about the same thing Because she is the same person as As she was in other words she is uh It's her way she's she's got that kind of silly ways or {NW} She got sillyitis All that I'll tell you Mean the same thing I think
Interviewer:  I see okay what about a person who makes up his mind about something and just won't change it no matter what you say he sure is
472:  He sure is sound and Firm on his belief and on his foundation I mean he's He I don't I don't believe don't believe {X} Could change him or something like that you know.
Interviewer:  What about if he's he's still like that but he's just dead wrong and he still won't change his mind say he sure is
472:  {NS} Well now there it gives me a {X} Bible again all right. A person that's uh in the church and he's dead set we know he's wrong. Only thing he's doing something or had got something he's wrong about. {NS} And the church {NS} wants his clean church Jesus wants a clean church. Uh we take two or three witnesses with us and talk it over with him. Bring the church bring the church up or I If he still won't do then we have a right by the Bible to discard him. Because he's set in his ways and he won't never change. But we discard people like that. Or but they would have a chance if they repent and come back. We wouldn't just discard them forever unless he changed see He ha- {NW} The Bible says {X} and that'd be a backslide. I know it does. {NS} And so he may come back. We take him back we love him we still love him. His ways we don't love.
Interviewer:  You just say he's just mighty stubborn
472:  Yeah he's stubborn. You just can't agree with his ways. You still love his soul.
Interviewer:  {NS} Have you ever known a person that uh You just couldn't joke with him because uh he'd get uh uh just the type of person you can't joke with without him losing his temper?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Say he's just mighty
472:  He's just mighty edgy he's He's got a wire edge We call it sometimes. That man's got a wired edge you can't even joke with him.
Interviewer:  Right
472:  He gets mad at us.
Interviewer:  Right some people are just like that
472:  Yeah they are can't reason or nothing
Interviewer:  Right say uh you know if you've been working all day you say at the end of the day I sure am
472:  Tired I give out
Interviewer:  Give out
472:  If I I learned something about that. It's best to say I'm real tired. And give out means to me just fall over. I saw one man in that shape.
Interviewer:  Really
472:  He was give out {NS} But if I don't mind I'll say well I'm tired and give out that's wrong.
Interviewer:  Hmm
472:  I should say I'm so real tired I'm on my way to To give out. Or something like not to say I am because I'm not until I fall.
Interviewer:  Or I ever heard people say well I'm just completely
472:  Completely give out now that's wrong.
Interviewer:  What about uh worn out
472:  Worn out. Well that that sounds pretty good. {NS} We get worn out at many many things. {X}
Interviewer:  So that would be okay?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  But give out you just
472:  Give out is fall out I call it fall out. {NW}
Interviewer:  Right I see yeah say if you hear that somebody is in the hospital and you didn't know about you might say well uh that's news when was it he
472:  Yeah I'd want to know then uh about when he went in or when he. {NS} What's his trouble. {NS} How come him there or certain like that or I'm surprised wonder what his trouble is.
Interviewer:  You might say well he was looking fine yesterday when was it he
472:  Yeah how long has it been when did you say he went in then? Something like that. Hope he's alright just.
Interviewer:  When did he get sick or take sick something like
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  That
472:  Or he must have got sick overnight or something you know.
Interviewer:  Hmm I see yeah Or if somebody has been working out in the hot sun. and then they come in to an air conditioned room they get chills and their eyes start to uh
472:  drop more
Interviewer:  Right their nose starts running
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  So it looks like he
472:  Is catching a cold {NS} More or less he'll be through
Interviewer:  Right
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And if it affects your voice you say you're a little bit
472:  Hoarse
Interviewer:  Right that ever happen to you
472:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Or if you do that you got a little
472:  Little cold
Interviewer:  Or you had to
472:  {NW} Got uh I got to strangling or something like that
Interviewer:  Got a little hacking uh
472:  A hacking cough yeah
Interviewer:  Uh-huh
472:  {C: train whistle} Well you know some people with disease such as TB or {NS} Lung trouble have hacking. {NS} Hacking cough {NS} We'd believe he's got something because he's got a hacking cough {NS}
Interviewer:  Yeah our friend the train's coming by
472:  Yeah {NS}
Interviewer:  Or talking about bed you say uh you might say toward the end of the day well I think I'll go to bed I'm feeling a little bit
472:  Little bit sleepy.
Interviewer:  Right
472:  Or I don't feel good. Go lie down a while.
Interviewer:  Right or talking about somebody who has trouble hearing you say old so and so is just about stone
472:  Just about stone deaf.
Interviewer:  You don't have any trouble with your hearing do you
472:  No sir I've got good hearing and pretty bad eyesight.
Interviewer:  You do
472:  Now I can take these glasses off {NS} Things look kind of loose mostly a little just a little bit dim. {NS} When I do like that looks like I step in a new world.
Interviewer:  Right {NS} say if a man has been working hard out in the hot sun he might come in and take off his shirt and wring it out and say well look how I
472:  Sweating or sweat There's a it's got a new name now
Interviewer:  What's that?
472:  Perspiration.
Interviewer:  Oh
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  That's supposed to be more polite
472:  It is more polite
Interviewer:  You ever seen people get in these places on their on their arms these big old lumps they got a core in them
472:  It's called a lesion Or a {X} {NS} Or {NS} {X} {NS}
472:  everything just real calm and I go real about to sleep well about thirty minutes. Or an hour he'd jerk that train and cause me to wake again.
Interviewer:  Oh yeah.
472:  And that's bad.
Interviewer:  All those cars will hit together?
472:  Yeah. {X}
Interviewer:  Tell me again what you call those uh places?
472:  Little bumps or
Interviewer:  Or
472:  They call pip pimp jennies pimp jennies
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  {D: Pimp Jennies}
Interviewer:  You ever seen these uh that had uh uh
472:  {X} a- and there's another there's another bump that comes on it it's called a uh {X} {NS} goosebumps some of 'em calls 'em goosebumps.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see. You ever heard of anything called a car bumper?
472:  Ooh yeah.
Interviewer:  What's that like?
472:  That's uh car bumpers generally comes on they back. Most of the time. Well it's a big old sore if you can't hardly tore her up no way
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  It's just tail And it just turns wrong side out.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Just just raw all the time.
Interviewer:  It's worse than a rising?
472:  Worse than a rising yeah. And you can't stop your clothes from tearing.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Car bumpers.
Interviewer:  Pretty bad.
472:  Yeah it's bad.
Interviewer:  what do you call that uh white stuff in a rising that you have mash out?
472:  A rupture. Now it's got another name. {X} They call it um pus. Pus it is yeah.
Interviewer:  Pus corruption?
472:  Corruption.
Interviewer:  {X} You know sometimes when people get blisters on their hands. they'll be this uh liquid inside that you have to get out before long?
472:  Oh that's that's called uh they call water blisters. It's your water accumulates in there. And uh you have to pick 'em or let it out.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And it'll really burn when that other skin comes out against that
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  skin.
Interviewer:  Right I see.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Have you ever uh you know if you if a person had a a a wound and uh the flesh around it didn't heal cleanly it'll kinda turn white and kinda grainy you know? Have you ever heard that flesh called anything?
472:  Inflammation.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  Yeah inflammation {X} It's causing it. {C: clears throat}
Interviewer:  Ever heard of anything called proud flesh?
472:  Yeah oh that's that's that's a carbuncle
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {X} Well it {D: hitting} a carbuncle or {X} Proud flesh. That's another thing that'd be hard to do something with.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Like a sore on your leg or something you know you can't hardly get them cured that's the hardest thing to cure sometime that there is.
Interviewer:  Right I see. {NW}
472:  Well that's called if you stand on it too much and your weight pressure.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Pressure.
Interviewer:  Well say if if I cut my hand and I wanted to put something on it to prevent the infection what might you use to put on your hand?
472:  Well outside of uh some people won't wash the won- won't put water in a place like that. But I always like to if it ain't too bad I do the and then I put if I used if I wanna use any me- any uh medicine of any kind I use this uh a {X} or what they call the other? curochrome
472:  curochrome
Interviewer:  Do people still use uh io- iodine?
472:  Iodine yeah. Iodine yeah. They still use iodine.
Interviewer:  That's pretty bad?
472:  Yeah iodine. {NS} Why curochrome and {X} Just about some of that mixed right there
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  That's what I hear.
Interviewer:  Have you ever had to take any of this uh real bitter white powder people use to give for malaria? Real bitter tasting.
472:  Well that's called oh I know what you're talking about quinine.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Quinine yes sir I've taken that stuff. {NW} {X} my dad used coffee and they learn you lear- you learn a lot you could take just parched coffee and cure it after you take this dose of quinine. You see they got to where they put it in your night capsule if you don't have a case {X} But this here we'd just take it on a spoon or something or other put it in your mouth and swallow it with water.
Interviewer:  {D: Right.} {NS}
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Okay and they let us chew chew parts of coffee and suck the juice out of it. Chew chew that parched coffee. And that there'll kill you.
Interviewer:  That quinine's pretty rough though.
472:  Oh yes sir yeah {NW} It sure is.
Interviewer:  Let me ask you about this expression you know when a if a person has died uh you might hear somebody say especially if this person didn't like the person who died if he was joking about it or being mean about it he might say well that old sorry so-and-so finally
472:  dead {X} That old soul finally passed out of it. Finally died.
Interviewer:  Would you would passed out be a joking or a mean way of saying it? Or would it be just a regular way?
472:  Just a regular way mostly.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 Passed away. #
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard seen anybody say something besides passed out or or died uh if he wanted to you know just be kinda nasty about it? That old tightwad finally You know like kick the bucket or
472:  Yeah uh yeah finally kicked the bucket yeah. {NW} finally kicked the bucket now that's pretty short ain't it?
Interviewer:  {NW} It sure is.
472:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Really probably didn't care too much
472:  #1 I trust #
Interviewer:  #2 for him. #
472:  #1 {NW #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  #1 Yes #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  I trust that I'll be where uh {X}
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  {X} {NW
472:  Well that's bad.
Interviewer:  Yeah it sure is.
472:  #1 Might live a good life. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  That's real bad
Interviewer:  #1 Oh #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 {X} # That old joker kicked the bucket you know what I'm saying? {NS}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Too bad.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. Well uh a- talking about people when they die the box that they're buried in what do you call that?
472:  Uh they call it a coffin. Coffin.
Interviewer:  I see. Ever heard that called anything else?
472:  A casket.
Interviewer:  Casket?
472:  Yeah. Casket.
Interviewer:  Yes sir and the ceremony for the person you say you're going to so-and-so's
472:  Funeral.
Interviewer:  {X} Used to I think uh people would dress in black at a funeral and you'd say they're in
472:  They dressed in black {X} they related to their mother or their father or something. Dressed in black. Yes. That used to be the uh way they do it.
Interviewer:  You would say that they were in
472:  Uh yeah #1 {D: they} #
Interviewer:  #2 in # mourn-
472:  They in uh what they call it?
Interviewer:  Mourning?
472:  M- m- mour- mour- mourning.
Interviewer:  Mourning.
472:  Mourning. Yeah.
Interviewer:  Did the do people still do that? The they
472:  #1 I don't know. #
Interviewer:  #2 do that around here? #
472:  I don't know about that I haven't saw that.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Long time. Now here's another little thought I give you about letters. I used to when you'd get a letter some of them later could be dead, well they'd put a black line all the way around that letter.
Interviewer:  Huh.
472:  On the outside. And just on the envelope if you ever got one with a black line around it you knowed something happened.
Interviewer:  Oh
472:  People yeah.
Interviewer:  I never heard of that.
472:  Yeah that's that's the way they used to do that. Long years ago.
Interviewer:  That's interesting.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Talking about uh when we were talking about greeting people around December the 25th you'd tell somebody well I hope you have a
472:  A a a nice Christmas a nice uh Christmas and a New Year.
Interviewer:  Right or I hope you have a merry
472:  Merry Christmas.
Interviewer:  Right And a what kinda New Year?
472:  A New a happy New
Interviewer:  #1 Right. #
472:  #2 Year. #
472:  Merry Christmas and a happy New Year.
Interviewer:  Have you ever heard any people say around Christmas time like if they saw 'em for the first time on Christmas day they'd say something to 'em before they could say it to the to the other person?
472:  I don't see how that could now if I if I see somebody first?
Interviewer:  Yes sir. You wanna say
472:  Gree- greeting to you.
Interviewer:  You ever heard of people say Christmas gift?
472:  Yeah Christmas gift. Let's give a cheer.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Right yeah. Or say if you were walking down the street and you met somebody that you knew. What would you say to 'em? You know just greeting them inquiring about their health?
472:  Well I may say to 'em if they uh was nice smiling and everything say Greeting to you. Good morning. Greeting to you. You you must be healthy. You must be happy. You just smiling.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Something like that you know.
Interviewer:  Would you say anything to someone that you didn't know a complete stranger? Would you say if you just met him on the street?
472:  No I would just say howdy uh. Good morning or good evening to you.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Go-
Interviewer:  What if if I met you on the street and I said uh uh hello M- {B} How're you getting along? How are you doing? If it was just an average day you know what would you probably say?
472:  Oh I'm I'm fine. Getting along good. But now there's a problem right there. I've got to be sure about that. Or I might tell you oh farewell {X}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  #1 Kicking but not so high, #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  how are
Interviewer:  #1 you? #
472:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 Kicking but not so #
472:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  high.
472:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  #1 Oh yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  That's pretty cute. Let me ask you about this uh say if the children are out kinda late you know and uh the the wife's getting a little bit excited about it the husband might say well now uh they'll be home alright just don't
472:  Don't worry They'll be home alright.
Interviewer:  What about what do you call this disease of the joints that some people get? They can just hurt to get around.
472:  Rheumatism.
Interviewer:  Ever heard that called anything else?
472:  No unless it was uh there's a name for it but I I can't call it now.
Interviewer:  It's arth-
472:  Ar- arthritis. Arthritis. Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  Is that the sa-
472:  Arthritis. Arthritis.
Interviewer:  That's the same thing?
472:  I think it is. {X} No arthritis cause your joints to swell I believe. {X} Yeah and it'll it'll put knots on it.
Interviewer:  Huh.
472:  Arthritis.
Interviewer:  Rheumatism just
472:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 uh #
472:  {NW} arthritis can make knots on you. Maybe on your elbow.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  {X} {X}
Interviewer:  I see. Did you ever hear of this disease that children used to get they'd get uh sores in their throat so they couldn't swallow you know?
472:  Yeah that's called uh Sore throat uh croup.
Interviewer:  #1 Is that #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  {X} is that kinda like uh if uh if
472:  The croup. Croup is uh after your throat get sore your just a croup it {NW} talk or croup it and you have uh uh sore throat and your voice goes to fail {D: croupism} is a failing of the voice.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  That's right. It's choking uh uh lung to where you can't uh in your in your speaker wherever that's at you know. It has something to do with that and it's called uh croup. {X}
Interviewer:  Ever heard that called diphtheria?
472:  Uh well someone called it tonsillitis. {X} They call it that. And uh diphtheria now diphtheria is a different thing from just a sore throat. It's a different thing from just a croup or cold or something like that.
Interviewer:  It's pretty serious?
472:  Yes diphtheria uh will choke you to death.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  And I saw a little darling die with it one evening.
Interviewer:  Huh.
472:  Lord I hope and pray and trust that I never see that happen again. That's an awful thing it's {D: white for breathe} you know and couldn't breathe. Throat swelled up. And do- they called a doctor from Bay Minette was down here about seven or eight miles. And they called a doctor and he's coming. But there was a woman bringing a baby. And just had to stay with her then. Got that baby. {X} She got out of there called for the hot water. And stuff but it was too late.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  He'd he'd turned black in the face and You reckon a little breathe he'd get in it. And he's come back to his color And he kept kept on getting it less and less.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Until it died. Just quit breathing.
Interviewer:  Sad.
472:  {NW} {D: the next moment I could kill} {X} I never saw nobody
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  She went out in the highway and just got out on the highway. {X}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  He wouldn't have to die like that.
Interviewer:  {X} Have you ever heard of any disease that makes your skin and eyeballs turn yellow?
472:  Yellow jaundice.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  Yellow jaundice.
Interviewer:  I see. Well what about if if somebody had it had to have his appendix taken out he might've had an attack of
472:  Uh appendicitis.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  That's what they call it.
Interviewer:  Do you still got your's?
472:  Appendicitis. Uh yeah.
Interviewer:  Me too. {NW} Got to keep hold of it
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Say if if somebody eats something that disagrees with him and it came back up you'd say that he had to
472:  Uh vomit. But it's really really the name of it they call it uh uh s- uh it's got another name up there. Can't call it right now. Anyhow it's got another name besides vomit.
Interviewer:  Ever
472:  #1 Yeah #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  yeah yeah. Yeah puke.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  the old-fashioned name.
Interviewer:  Y- uh-huh.
472:  Yeah that's now I got it right. Uh puke's what it's called.
Interviewer:  Is that a joking way
472:  #1 No sir. #
Interviewer:  #2 of saying that or # it just the regular way?
472:  Yes regular old-fashioned
Interviewer:  #1 {D: Alright} #
472:  #2 puking. #
472:  You just puke.
Interviewer:  He just had to puke.
472:  Yeah
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 that's # right.
Interviewer:  {NW} Somebody who's a {X} you say he's sick where? He's sick
472:  He's sick to his stomach.
Interviewer:  Yeah. That's a bad way to be.
472:  {NW} {NW} {X} I been all along the line
Interviewer:  Say if a if a boy keeps going over to the same girl's house pretty regular and the neighbors figure he's getting serious about her. You'd say that he's doing what? He's
472:  {NW} Well I'd call it overdoing the thing.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 he just #
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  He
472:  originally and we can have a little talk about that.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Uh you know in my day with courting days I went at the weekend. Maybe I might run over a little while Saturday night. And we'd fix up dinner for Sunday go to church. And then I'd see her back home Sunday night that was about it. And now then uh practically every night uh they'll they'll do that. They'll run over to the neighbor or go to the girl's house or she'll go to his house. That's too much. If they are real sweet nice people that's still too much because they'll be where that they'll. Uh they just can't it just ain't right for 'em to be that way. Because it'll cause trouble. There'll come attractions they'll come up too much it's too much of a thing. They need to see one another just {X} regular e- every weekend I I think. Unless it's necessary for 'em to go over to the house to go to prayer meeting or something like that. Or some little uh birthday party or something like that. I'd just stay with 'em all the time cuz they cause trouble. According to the Bible you lust to the flesh is what does such harm That's where the harm comes in really. And uh we have to ward all of this. And if the old folks lets 'em go to each other go to each other like that too often liable to cause trouble. Best in this day and time there's so much over the television.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  They learned how to get by with. {X} just makes a bad thing of it. And if I had a young girl or boy they they they they'd have to listen to me. Now I just wouldn't let it I wouldn't allow it.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Because I want things to keep smooth and that's the only way to do it. Got to keep it smooth.
Interviewer:  Right. What di- what does he ask her to marry him? If she didn't want him you'd say she did what to him?
472:  Oh well she'd have to uh {NW} she'd just have to tell him that uh she didn't want to marry him.
Interviewer:  Turned him down or
472:  Turned y- you yeah I'll I'll have to turn you down. You'll have to get somebody else I don't want to marry you. That's it
Interviewer:  I see yeah.
472:  {X} It may it may work either way you see. The boy or the girl might not wanna marry.
Interviewer:  Well say if uh if they do get married you know the man who stands up with the groom at the wedding? What is he what would you call him? He's the
472:  Bride and the groom. {NW}
Interviewer:  And the man who stands up with the groom he's the
472:  Preacher.
Interviewer:  Is there another one called the uh the best man or something like that?
472:  No. {X} {X}
Interviewer:  Around these parts did y'all ever have any kind of uh. You know after a wedding if the couple's not going off anywhere on a honeymoon a lotta people will just follow 'em back the house and kinda you know
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Right. You say you're having a
472:  A a an initiating party. In other words initiating.
Interviewer:  What would go on in one of those? Have you ever been in on one of 'em?
472:  No but I've heared a lot about 'em. Uh they generally take you and ride you on a pole.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Uh carry you on a pole uh. Put you in a barrel or there ain't no telling what they might do to you. You know just how {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW} {NS} Terrible thing to do at somebody's wedding.
472:  Yeah. {X} they initiate you in this city just let you go through with rough things. And they just {X} overpower you there ain't to do about it but just take it. {X}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {NW} Yeah initiate you that's ca- what's it all about.
Interviewer:  Did people ever call that a chivalry or serenade?
472:  Yeah they've called it uh chivalry uh yeah. Uh may I tell you a little something what I saw here at the store the other day. I saw a little slim man and he had something in his arm and I thought it was bird feed. I was standing way over you know? And I walked up to him I said what kinda bird what's that bird feed you got in your arm? He said no. Said that's rice. Rice? Yeah I seen it on the sack then got the name of it. {C: train whistle} And the little boy had two big five-pound bag he had. He had six or seven of 'em. And uh and then he told me what he's gonna do with that rice. He was going to initiate it at a wedding.
Interviewer:  Oh yeah.
472:  That's right. And it {X} I told him I said {X} I love rice and then him throw all that rice away.
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  {NW} {NW} Just throw it all over 'em.
472:  Yeah uh waste it. {NW}
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  But that was a sight now the look of that man standing there with all that much rice and just throw it away.
Interviewer:  That's too bad.
472:  Yeah it's too bad {X} I I'd rather get a rock or something like that a small rock then go to waste {NW}
Interviewer:  You know if uh if young people get together and they have some music and the couples get out on the floor and move about you say they're having a
472:  Having a party a dance Uh a waltzing. {X} you know be called many names you know. Be a waltzing.
Interviewer:  Did you ever do that much?
472:  No but I saw saw uh saw people do it and my mother's told me a lot about waltzing.
Interviewer:  Oh.
472:  And it's real nice it's real nice at that time to have music and waltz.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  But now and then they come in for frolicking and then they come in to do mean things in other words too much whiskey.
Interviewer:  Oh. Yeah.
472:  And fall off and let {X} mess it up the whole deal. {NW} And uh so I I don't I don't condemn nobody for frolicking if they're going to have a nice time like that and enjoy life but I wouldn't wanna uh uh en- enticing them to go to these places where there's whiskey.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Yes sir I see.
472:  I believe in how past time uh really ought to do it. But not not in the wrong way.
Interviewer:  I see. Ask you about this expression say if it's uh if at three oh clock the children get out of school. You say at three oh clock school
472:  School ends at three oh clock uh turns out at three oh clock.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. Right. Or if it's if it's been the summertime and school hasn't been in toward the end of the summer somebody might ask well when does school
472:  Start. Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see. You know when a if a young boy leaves home and he's supposed to go to school but he never gets there on purpose you say he did what?
472:  Uh let's see now well he's {NS} {X} you could call that several things. But uh he's playing hooky.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear that? {NW}
472:  No.
Interviewer:  {D: I don't think I} have either.
472:  No never did hear I had a boy did it.
Interviewer:  Oh really? {NW}
472:  I've got him to stake him up He ain't do it no more.
Interviewer:  What'd you have to do to him? I went down to {X} where he was to get out {X} I got my {X} I tanned him up real good about You gave him a
472:  Whipping. And I {X} and I tried not to beat him too hard I just beat him a little bit to scare him. Told him I said don't make this happen no more I says {D: they won't own} put me in jail they'll put you in jail too.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  I really thought it was true
Interviewer:  #1 {D: Yeah.} #
472:  #2 you know? #
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  He never did do it no more as I know of.
Interviewer:  That took care of it?
472:  That took care of it.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Well when you when you start school when you begin school you go into the
472:  First grade.
Interviewer:  And now a days instead of sitting at benches every child has his own
472:  Own desk.
Interviewer:  And some rooms you just have a room full of those
472:  Desks. {X} Yeah.
Interviewer:  Let me ask you about a
472:  {D: Start coming to falling little disk}
Interviewer:  Right. {NW}
472:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Old fashioned
Interviewer:  Let me ask you about a a few buildings around town like if you wanted to check out a book you'd go down to the
472:  Uh down to the books- uh store. Or book- uh
Interviewer:  Or if you just wanted to borrow it.
472:  Yeah go down and borrow one which I did here in town. Borrowed one like that.
Interviewer:  Go to the public
472:  Public uh library.
Interviewer:  And if you wanted to mail a package you'd go down to the
472:  Post office.
Interviewer:  What about if somebody had to stay overnight in a strange town they'd stay at the
472:  They'd stay at the hotel. Or motel. Or
Interviewer:  {X} Well what about if you wanted to see a movie or a play? You'd go to the
472:  You'd go to the uh {C: tapping noise} uh {NS} {NS} uh I I I don't never keep that in my mind much theater.
Interviewer:  Yeah right.
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  You got one here in town?
472:  Yep.
Interviewer:  Or if you wanted to catch a train you'd go down to the
472:  Depot.
Interviewer:  Or the rail-
472:  Railroad. Depot.
Interviewer:  You know in a lot of towns like Bay Minette you've got the businesses downtown, arranged around the courthouse? What do you what do you call that area right downtown?
472:  Uh I would call it just a circle around the courthouse. Uh such and such businesses {X} such a corner or such a in the middle or somewhere right there
Interviewer:  I was just
472:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Yeah. I was just wondering if people around here called it the uh square or court square or
472:  Yeah they uh around the square yeah. And the courthouse is on the square. And uh they call it around the square such a corner or such a place.
Interviewer:  I see. Well say if downtown you had a building that was sitting right here and you had another one right here you'd say this one was right across the street from this one but if this one was like right here. You'd say that this building was
472:  Just a little below. Or above.
Interviewer:  Or it's not straight across it's
472:  No it's just catty-cornered.
Interviewer:  Right. Right. Right. Right. You ever heard people say instead of catty-cornered say antigodlin or antigoglin
472:  Yeah. Lots of times. Call it antigoglin {X}
Interviewer:  How would how would they use that? How would they say that word?
472:  Well they'd just say it's kinda uh catty-cornered antigoglin across the street from one another. {X}
Interviewer:  It means the same thing?
472:  Means the same thing.
Interviewer:  Have you ever ridden on these things that people used to use for transportation in the cities. They rode on rails and had a power from the wire overhead?
472:  I sure have. Yeah I certainly have. Streetcars.
Interviewer:  Right. Where did you ride one?
472:  Mobile. Went clean around on one uh took it clean around we took it clean around one time. We wanted to tell me something
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {D: about that} how the colored people done it. About the paying you know?
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  How they scratch around in their purse for just one penny? Not one penny.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Didn't none of 'em do that and they done it that day {X}
Interviewer:  #1 Is that right? #
472:  #2 {X} # {X}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {D: They just ain't got mad or anything.} You see I got to where I start to put 'em off.
Interviewer:  They just had to do that I
472:  #1 Reckon #
Interviewer:  #2 guess. #
472:  had to break it up they just see who they are and they not honest. You know, just one penny now, just a little old penny. Just think about that.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And if you were riding on a bus you might tell the bus driver well now this next corner's where I want
472:  Yeah is the next stop. I want to stop at this corner.
Interviewer:  {X} That's where I want to
472:  Get off.
Interviewer:  Here in uh Bay Minette where you have the courthouse you'd say that Bay Minette is the
472:  County seat.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. I see. Now I've I've noticed that several counties around have two county seats. Have you ever heard of that?
472:  No. I don't believe.
Interviewer:  #1 Some places #
472:  #2 I have. #
Interviewer:  Do has uh two county seats. {NS}
472:  Wow. {X}
Interviewer:  Got two courthouses in the county.
472:  {X} had a {X} for anything.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  #1 That's #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  one of 'em!
Interviewer:  They had that in Coffee County. Enterprise and uh Elba are the county seats in Coffee County.
472:  Oh wow.
Interviewer:  Right across that in several counties in Mississippi. More than you think.
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Well say a a man who has a a civil service job you say he works for the federal
472:  Federal government.
Interviewer:  And what about the police in a town, you say they're supposed to maintain the
472:  Maintain the town? Yeah.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Or the law
472:  Or the law yeah. Uh they obey the law? Yeah they they supposed to maintain it. The law.
Interviewer:  Law and order?
472:  And order. Yeah. Sorta like that makes me think about what I been hearing.
Interviewer:  What's that?
472:  Said the uh the uh the world is upset {X} said the world is uh upset and outta order.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  It's not order no more. It's just about that way. {X}
Interviewer:  What do uh what do people around here call the war that uh occurred between the North and the South you know over a hundred years ago? That's the
472:  Confederate {C: car horn honking} War.
Interviewer:  Ever heard it referred to as anything else?
472:  {X} {NS}
Interviewer:  Spill something?
472:  Well it's a little bit it's soaked.
Interviewer:  What is that?
472:  {D: Mail ball}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  #1 It's what #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  they used in the Confederate.
Interviewer:  That's a heavy little thing isn't it? What was that uh
472:  However they had they would shoot it through
Interviewer:  What was that shot out of?
472:  uh some kind of rifle.
Interviewer:  Where'd you find that?
472:  Oh I think this one somebody give me this one but my daddy had a plum bunch of 'em and you can go down here to uh uh {X} no not Fort Morgan. Down at Heritage somewhere believe it is and you can find 'em in the ground.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Dig in the ground. Where they had the last battle.
Interviewer:  I see. That's interesting.
472:  Yeah. {NW} Now here's a modern.
Interviewer:  Oh yeah. {NW} Got a clip.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Those things'll kinda mess you up I imagine.
472:  That's right. Well I have several things I could show you in there but I back {NS} back when I was young.
Interviewer:  You know in the days before they had the electric chair you'd say that murderers were something wrong with your No I just {X} Oh.
472:  Uh how was that now?
Interviewer:  Before you know they had the electric chair you'd say that murderers were
472:  Were hanged. {C: train whistle} And on the gallows. {NS} {X} hanged to trees. {X} a lot of ems hanged just hanged to a tree. {NS}
Interviewer:  Or if a man was gonna commit suicide you'd say he went out and
472:  Went out and committed suicide.
Interviewer:  Or he himself.
472:  Hung himself. Yeah.
Interviewer:  Kind of a bad thing isn't it?
472:  It really is.
Interviewer:  Do you ever does that ever happen in uh Bay
472:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Minette? #
472:  they coming in here. Tear up my yard.
Interviewer:  #1 What's that? #
472:  #2 {X} # {X} they just turn it around. Those uh
Interviewer:  Garbage
472:  #1 Garbage #
Interviewer:  #2 trucks? #
472:  trucks. Yeah. Make me want to {X} I just built that bank. Just had 'em to come in and then sweat you know
Interviewer:  {D: Grass snake.}
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  {NW} Kinda mess it up.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Well when uh somebody goes to church you say that uh he goes to listen to the preacher preach a fine
472:  Sermon.
Interviewer:  Ever heard that called anything else? A sermon or he preached a fine uh
472:  Message.
Interviewer:  Message. Or some people will say they uh they also liked to go to church to listen to the beautiful
472:  Uh beautiful message yeah. {D: Alright.} Hear the gospel.
Interviewer:  Or the choir #1 makes #
472:  #2 Or the # choir makes yeah. Choir sing.
Interviewer:  Nice music.
472:  Yeah. Choir. I have to go hear the nice music and choir singing and
Interviewer:  Yeah I see. What uh uh talking about if somebody has done you a favor. You might say well I sure am much to you.
472:  I'm much obliged
Interviewer:  #1 Right. #
472:  #2 to # you. Yeah.
Interviewer:  {X} I see. And if uh if a person has to go downtown to get some things, he says he needs to go downtown to do some
472:  Shopping.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. And if you buy something, the store keeper took a piece of paper and for you.
472:  And he wrote it up for me.
Interviewer:  Or he wrapped
472:  Wrapped it yeah wrapped it in the main thing
Interviewer:  And when you got home you
472:  Unwrapped it.
Interviewer:  What about if uh if a store is selling things for less than what they paid for 'em. you'd say that he's selling at
472:  At a sale.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Yeah. Discount.
Interviewer:  Right. Right. Or I guess would uh would that necessarily be uh he's selling at a loss? Do you reckon?
472:  Yeah he's selling at a loss. At a discount. And he he he's losing on it. And {NW} some of 'em'll do that and make up on something else though.
Interviewer:  Oh {NW}
472:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} # But he really not gaining much
472:  No that's right. {NW}
Interviewer:  And if it's toward the uh it's time to pay the bill you say that the bill is
472:  Due.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And some people who are in clubs they have to pay their club
472:  Dues. Club dues uh
Interviewer:  Or maybe call them due
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Do y'all have to pay dues?
472:  Yeah in the {X} senior citizen.
Interviewer:  Oh that's right you
472:  #1 Yeah #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Just fifty cents a month
472:  {NW} Yeah.
Interviewer:  That's not bad dues.
472:  No. But we get more than that.
Interviewer:  What about say if a man wanted to buy something that was pretty expensive and he didn't have enough money he might go to the bank or ask his banker if he could
472:  Loan him {X} some money.
Interviewer:  He'd say I'd like to
472:  Uh yeah I'd like to borrow it. So much money.
Interviewer:  and the banker might say well we'd like to give it to you but now a days money's mighty.
472:  Mighty scarce. {NW}
Interviewer:  I see. You were talking about making {C: overlapping exterior audio} a springboard. Have you ever gone off one of those things into the water?
472:  Never have.
Interviewer:  Really?
472:  Never have. I've dove off of the bank. I never have off of a spring board
Interviewer:  {X} Well do you know how to
472:  Swim.
Interviewer:  Do you do have you done that very much?
472:  Not too much but I can swim. {D: Find} a pretty wide place I'll get out. {X}
Interviewer:  Has it you know if somebody gets in water and its too deep for 'em and they can't swim they might
472:  Drown.
Interviewer:  Do you ever hear of that happening around here?
472:  Yes sir. Happened down on the coast here a few days ago
Interviewer:  What did he get caught in the undertow or something like
472:  Yeah. I think he did Got out too far {X} trying to trying to {X} they got them big old {X} way on out there you know? And that wind got up I think what happened. Best I learned and it throwed it out in the gulf.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  He was trying to go out there and get it.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  It's more than he could do.
Interviewer:  He got out too far?
472:  Yeah. Current got him.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  You ever seen anybody dive in the water and just land flat right on their stomach, make a popping noise?
472:  On the belly-buster.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  {NW} That ever happen to you?
472:  N- no. Uh-uh. Not that I know of.
Interviewer:  Well what about if a boy is playing out in the yard, he might tuck his head down between his legs and kick out his feet and go over you know?
472:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  Somersault {X}
Interviewer:  #1 Right. #
472:  #2 they called? #
472:  Yeah. Somersault.
Interviewer:  What about you know if you go into to a store to pay off your bill uh the storekeeper might give you a little something extra, just for paying it off?
472:  Tip? Give you a tip. Yeah. {C: clears throat}
Interviewer:  Do they do that around here
472:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 much? #
472:  No uh the people at uh these boys are mighty good here at this store back here {X} it makes me think about the in the buggy you know? {X} provision
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Put in the car. And I see a lot of 'em get tips. They tip 'em lots.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  Quarter. Something like that. Uh-huh.
Interviewer:  I see. {NW} Okay. What would you say uh a baby what does a baby do before it's able to walk?
472:  Crawls.
Interviewer:  Yeah. And now a days sometimes if a child is going to sleep, before he'll go to sleep right next to his bed you say he down and said his prayers
472:  Kneels.
Interviewer:  {D: Uh-huh.}
472:  Say his prayers.
Interviewer:  Do you reckon children still do that?
472:  Some few. Some few do.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Not too many.
Interviewer:  When you're sleeping, you know do you ever see things in your sleep you know, you say that you're you begin to
472:  Dream. {NW} dreamed last night.
Interviewer:  You don't ever do you ever have nightmares or
472:  No. I don't have any but I have dreams and visions.
Interviewer:  Yeah, you were telling me about that the other day.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Say if a boy you know meets a girl at a party and he wants to make sure that she gets home alright. He might ask her, well may I
472:  Take you home. May I see you home? And I have a little something I'd like to tell you on that line.
Interviewer:  Okay.
472:  {NW} Just comes to my mind.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  I asked a girl would you care for a boy of my complexion to go in your direction to be your perfection?
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  How about that?
Interviewer:  Hey I'm putting that down.
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Say would you care
472:  If a boy of my complexion to go your direction to be your perfection. {NW}
Interviewer:  You really told that to somebody?
472:  {NW} Oh well {NW} {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {NW} # {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {NW} #
472:  That's pretty good.
Interviewer:  That's pretty good.
472:  Yeah that's {NW}
Interviewer:  I don't see {X}
472:  Sly way sly way of asking her to let me go home with her.
Interviewer:  I don't see how she could turn you down after that.
472:  Uh okay you promised her a whole lot {X}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  #1 If she #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  likes your complexion.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {D: That's funny.} #
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {NW} {NW} well say if uh some children were playing around in the kitchen the woman might say well now that stove's hot so don't
472:  Touch it. Be careful don't touch that stove.
Interviewer:  {D: Right.} When uh when you were growing up did you ever play a game where you chased each other you know a game of tag or something like that?
472:  Yeah and uh snap we used to called it snap.
Interviewer:  What was that?
472:  Snap yeah. Playing snap. Uh you'd take uh let's see you take a handkerchief and put two together right standing together you know and play snap. And run around one another like that. But it's really called tag. Snap and tag are about the same thing.
Interviewer:  Was there a place that you could run to to be safe where they couldn't get you?
472:  Well now that's that's another game that's what uh what we call stealing sticks.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Or stealing hogs or stealing whatever you wanna call it. And we draw a line and uh we all come up to the line and we got a ring about that chair with sticks in it and and Mr or Mrs go uh make a dart go out there and get one y- you beat her to it. You won't let her get it you see.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  She can't get to it if she beats you there uh. uh she gets a stick but if you don't you tag her so she can't go back across her line on the other side. {X} Until the whole game's played out.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  call that place that you ran to the goal or home base or
472:  Uh no in my town they just called it a line.
Interviewer:  {D: Right}
472:  Beat to the line. Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see yes. Say if uh if you have a man who's working for you except he's not doing a very good job. You might say well old so-and-so hasn't been doing his job it looks like I'm gonna have to get
472:  Get rid of him.
Interviewer:  {D: Right.}
472:  Or turn him off.
Interviewer:  #1 {X}- #
472:  #2 Dis- # card him.
Interviewer:  Right. Now a man who just smiles a lot has nice things to say about people you say well uh he sure seems to be in a good
472:  Good mood.
Interviewer:  {X} Or he has a good sense of
472:  Of good sense of uh {X} to be a nice fellow.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Or a good sense of humor?
472:  Of humor yeah. {D: That's it} {X}
Interviewer:  What about uh if a boy leaves his best pen out on his desk and he leaves the room and when he comes back it's gone?
472:  Somebody {X} you would say somebody stole his pen. {X} Uh {X} somebody borrowed it only whether they'll bring it back or not.
Interviewer:  {NW} That's one way of getting around saying he stole it.
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Yeah. Say if uh if you write somebody you might say uh after you write the letter, you take the envelope and you do what to it?
472:  Address it.
Interviewer:  And you might say well I'd like to write old so-and-so but I just don't know his
472:  Address.
Interviewer:  And if you go to all of that trouble of writing him a letter you expect to get a
472:  hearing
Interviewer:  I beg your pardon?
472:  You you you expect to hear from him.
Interviewer:  You expect
472:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 to get an # answer?
472:  And that's a return.
Interviewer:  Right. I see. Now when you were a child did y'all ever was there ever another child that always went around telling on other children?
472:  Uh yeah. Yeah.
Interviewer:  What'd you call that?
472:  A tattletale
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  {NW} {NW} Yeah I remember that.
Interviewer:  I don't imagine they were too popular where they?
472:  That little old tattletale.
Interviewer:  {C: clears throat} Or say if uh if you wanted to brighten up your house a little bit and you had some flowers growing outside. you might say well I think I'm going to go outside and
472:  I was watching the people over there. Uh how was that now? Oh if you had some flowers growing outside and you wanted to brighten up your room a little bit you might say well I think I'm going to go outside and Get get a bouquet.
Interviewer:  Or pick some
472:  Pick some flowers and bring 'em in the
Interviewer:  What about these things that uh a little child plays with you say he just has a room full of 'em.
472:  Toys.
Interviewer:  Ever heard those called anything else? He's got a lot of toys or a lot of uh
472:  Uh uh {X} yeah he's got a lotta play things.
Interviewer:  Play things.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Right. Or say if if a boy was outside with a ball and bat and he just took that bat and hit that ball through somebody's window. You might say well he didn't that wasn't an accident he did that
472:  On purpose. On purpose.
Interviewer:  Right. Or say if uh if somebody accidentally was fooling around with a big knife he accidentally did what to himself?
472:  Stuck it stuck it in his leg. {X} {D: stuck it in his} {X}
Interviewer:  Or stabbed
472:  Stabbed hisself yeah.
Interviewer:  Have you got any what would you call a a big knife that you might use around the kitchen?
472:  A butcher butcher knife. {X} A butcher knife.
Interviewer:  That'd be pretty dangerous if you don't know what you're doing.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. Or have you ever had to uh if you had a real heavy weight you had to lift up on the roof or something you might've had to rig up a block and tackle and that thing up?
472:  Uh heist it up. Yeah. Heist it up.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  {NS} Yeah I got a block and tackle.
Interviewer:  Do you?
472:  Yeah. Small one.
Interviewer:  What do you use it
472:  #1 {D: Thousand} #
Interviewer:  #2 for? #
472:  pounds. Uh pick up things that I need to pick up and I can't manage by myself.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  Uh two days ago I had to renew uh the foundation under my washpot out there.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And it's heavy. I didn't do nothing but just straddle it with that ladder and put my block and tackle on it. And just raised it right on up and fixed the foundation of it back down. {X} But I couldn't never do it by myself {D: anyway}
Interviewer:  I see. Yeah.
472:  Block and tackle you know. {X}
Interviewer:  You were telling me about those uh different kind of plows that people used to use? What did you call those rows that were cut out by the plow?
472:  Uh we call we call 'em uh furrows.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Open up the fur-
Interviewer:  Right. I see. {X} Or say if a farmer had a piece of land with a lot of bushes and trees on it, and he wanted to put it {X} to cultivate you say he did what to it?
472:  Cleared it up.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  To clear it up.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Ever heard of of a piece of land that'd just been cleared called anything?
472:  New ground.
Interviewer:  {X} Right. {X} What a- what about if a crop comes up in a field even though you didn't plant it there you'd say that was a
472:  Well that would be a miracle if if it's it's vegetables. {NW}
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  {NW} Right. Ever heard people use the word volunteer? Uh yeah. Uh-huh. We have volunteer plants around the places. Uh they'd come up voluntary just talking about the tomato if it comes up the third year the same seed come back. {X} third year. At the end they're tommy-toe. Little small
472:  #1 ones. #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. #
Interviewer:  Oh I see {X} About around here about how much uh corn and uh to an acre would you say is a good yield?
472:  I wouldn't hardly know about how much to an acre. {X} Uh shelled corn I guess it'd be about five bushels I imagine.
Interviewer:  About five bushels?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  To an acre. Good corn.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Did uh people around here ever uh grow wheat?
472:  Oh yeah. {X}
Interviewer:  do still?
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Whe- when they cut the wheat what do they tie it up into?
472:  Bundles.
Interviewer:  Do p- do people around here talk about uh shocking wheat or a shock of wheat?
472:  Uh yeah the- they shock it and then uh they move it. Haul it. {X} They'll shock it and it'll stay there very long.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  They have to move it inside the barn so it doesn't get wet in the rain.
Interviewer:  I see. Say if if you got some oats and you
472:  #1 {C: clears throat} #
Interviewer:  #2 want # you wanna separate the uh uh the grain from the chaff you say you did what to the oats? You
472:  Uh you you have to thrash 'em. Thrash it out.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Thrashing machine.
Interviewer:  You ever operated one of those?
472:  Never have.
Interviewer:  I see {X} Let me ask you about uh a few expressions. Say if uh if we happen to do a job together you'd say that and that and had to do this.
472:  Yeah. Me and so-so whatever his name is {X} we would have to do this together. {X} It takes two to do this.
Interviewer:  #1 Right. #
472:  #2 Instead # of one.
Interviewer:  Right. In other words it's it's not just one of us it's
472:  It's it's two operating it together.
Interviewer:  Or both.
472:  Or both yeah. Both cooperating together.
Interviewer:  Say if you wanted to identify yourself without using your name. If you went over to somebody's house and knocked on his door and he called out well who's that? And you knew that he was going to recognize your voice you might say. Oh open the door it's just
472:  It's just me {X}
Interviewer:  Right. {NW} Or this expression if you're comparing how tall you are you might say well he's not as tall as
472:  {NW} Yeah as the other person. Or if you were comparing you yourself to somebody you might say well he's not as tall as I am.
Interviewer:  Or if it were the other way around you might say well I'm not as tall as
472:  He is.
Interviewer:  Right. Or talking about how well you can do something you might say that uh he can do it better than
472:  Than I
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  or I can.
Interviewer:  Right. Okay. Oh when we were talking about uh bacon the other day I meant to ask you when you slice off a piece of bacon sometimes there's a real tough edge to it you know that you might want to cut off. What would you call that? {X}
472:  Uh {NW} well there's a we we named this piece of bacon the middling. Or belly. Side belly. Or I sometimes we get I have saw where that they uh get this meat to slice off and uh where the tits was would be a hard place.
Interviewer:  {NW} A little hard in the middling that's what it was. {X} lotta lotta lotta lotta {X} but it's just tougher there than anywhere else. {D: Right.}
472:  And uh we just cut that off see all that's the old uh where the old sow piggy was #1 something #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  like that it came off. It's the hard place.
Interviewer:  Yeah I see.
472:  Um
Interviewer:  you ever hear of people talk about not being able to chew that bacon rind or skin or
472:  Too tough. Yeah.
Interviewer:  Is that what they're calling it the uh
472:  Yeah. Tough. Too tough.
Interviewer:  Is it the rind or
472:  Tough uh Skin no they just call it skin.
Interviewer:  Skin.
472:  That old skin too tough.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  {X} say if if you kept meat uh too long, you'd stay the meat's done what?
472:  Spoiled. Or some people can just where it's a little tainted they'll say oh it's rotten. But it ain't. It's just {NW} Just tainted tainted, that's a matter of fact.
Interviewer:  Can can meat be strong without being spoiled?
472:  Yeah. That's called old age. You keep it too long it gets strong. And some of it well it uh eventually rust.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Form a rust. Uh you can keep meat salted down for very long. Just dry salt.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  It'll rust real fast.
Interviewer:  {NW} {X}
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Right. I see. Yeah. What about well what about butter that's gotten that way you know you say the butter's
472:  Butter's too old {C: clears throat} needs uh reworking. You can rework it and then wash it through the water rework it and it's re-salt it and it'd be just about as f- good as fresh!
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  It helps.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  Put that in the cold water.
Interviewer:  You ever heard of people talking about bad butter use the word funky? They say it's
472:  #1 Yeah #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  smells funky. Taste is funky yeah I've heard that a lot of the time.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Yeah. I see. Have you ever had a something for dessert that was made with oh either apple slices or maybe peach slices that have a nice thick crust to it and you cook it in a deep dish?
472:  It's called a pie.
Interviewer:  Is there anything else kind of like that uh
472:  But nowadays
Interviewer:  Got a crust all the way through it?
472:  No it's it's either a peach pie or pear pie or apple pie.
Interviewer:  What about a cobbler?
472:  Uh they call it they call it uh a pea- a peach cobbler. Yeah. And they call that {X} I guess that's the modern name. {X}
Interviewer:  #1 Cobbler? #
472:  #2 {X} #
472:  Yeah cobbler.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  {X} {X}
Interviewer:  Say if somebody has a real good appetite you might say well old so-and-so likes to put away his
472:  His food {X} him can eat. {X} Or it'll put away a lotta food.
Interviewer:  You ever hear people around here use the word vittle?
472:  Vittle? Yeah yeah. Take a lot of vittles for him.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Right I see. Or say if you're eating food between regular meals you say you're having a
472:  Uh having a break or uh a lunch. Or uh snack.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Yeah snack is better
Interviewer:  Well talking about food what ki- if you were going to uh pour some sweet liquid over a pudding or a pie what would that be? You'd call that a
472:  Well I I'd think I'd uh more or less I'd be fixing up a dessert. In other words uh that's the way I see it it it'd be sweet. Be liken to a dessert. But you can put different kinds of sweets on there. Honey syrup uh sugar. Most everything is sweet.
Interviewer:  Would you call that a sauce or a dip or a
472:  Well they they do they name it now I mean they call stuff like that sauce or stuff. Sauce to put on there. The best I know.
Interviewer:  I see. {X} Say if if you you were having some people over for a meal and uh they were just all standing around the table and you didn't want 'em to keep standing you might say well why don't y'all go ahead and
472:  And sit down?
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Or if uh you didn't want 'em to wait until something was passed to 'em you'd say well now just go ahead and
472:  Help yourself.
Interviewer:  Right. Right. What if what if you were invited over for a meal at somebody's house and somebody passed you something that you just could not could not eat what would you say?
472:  Uh thank you I I wouldn't care for that.
Interviewer:  I see. Are there any kinds of food that you just don't like?
472:  Well not {X} not too many. They would be a few but not too many. {X}
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah. Uh I think the very to to to just put the peanut in the hull about such as anything that I eat uh like soups or or greens or beans or peas cooked and to put sugar in 'em. I'd rather see you pour 'em in the garbage can.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  I don't want no sweets in nothing I eat like that. Uh I I don't care for that I just I'd rather see it go in the garbage. Just try to eat it. Because that little sweet is is sickening to me. I'd rather have it plain. Have it seasoned good for whatever you season it with don't have that {X} Some people w- wants that sugar and stuff. They just think it makes it real fine you know.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  It's funny how people have different appetites. {X}
Interviewer:  It sure is.
472:  It's just like that.
Interviewer:  It sure is. Yeah. Well what about uh food that's been uh heated and served a second time? You say you're having
472:  We're having a left-over.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  When it's reheated.
Interviewer:  Right. Right I see. Have you ever eaten anything like mush?
472:  Yeah. I like mush.
Interviewer:  What is that exactly?
472:  Well I'm trying to think of the name of this here you can buy it. Cream of wheat. That's a mush.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  Yeah that'll be a mush {X}
Interviewer:  I see. Yeah. Say if I have on a belt that's made out of cowhide and it's it's uh not artificial cowhide I might say well now this isn't artificial cowhide this is
472:  This is real leather.
Interviewer:  In other words it's gen-
472:  Genuine genuine. It'd be genuine cowhide.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Genuine.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Okay. #
472:  Genuine leather yeah or or cowh- whatever you wanna call it leather.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Well what about sometimes when people are eating breakfast if they're had a hot toast they'll like to spread on some
472:  Butter.
Interviewer:  And some
472:  And some uh
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 mayonnaise. #
Interviewer:  Or some blackberry
472:  Jelly. Jam.
Interviewer:  Do you like that with uh
472:  I bear with it. I like that right there
Interviewer:  I see. And things that people have on their table to season their food with they have shakers for
472:  They have salt shakers and pepper shakers. And then they have shakers filled with uh grated onions. You can put on it with
Interviewer:  Right. What wou- what would you call a a lot of fruit trees growing together? You'd say you have a big
472:  Big fruit orchard.
Interviewer:  For what?
472:  Fruit orchard.
Interviewer:  I see. Do y'all have uh many peaches growing around here? Not many no. The trees get up about grow and then die. Or uh an old worm gets in 'em and uh kills 'em. Right. What would you call that hard inside part of a peach?
472:  Uh the peach seed.
Interviewer:  Right. Do you remember the kinda tree that uh Washington was supposed to have cut down?
472:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  see I did know but I done forgot.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  Cherry?
472:  Cherry tree.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. What do you call that hard inside part of a cherry?
472:  Well it's called a seed.
Interviewer:  Seed too?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Do y'all have these uh kind of peaches around here where the the meat of the peach is real tight against the seed?
472:  That's what you call uh uh Call it in a minute just give me a little time to think of it. Crest seed. Call it a crest-seed peach and then there's a clear-seed peach. And we're getting the clear-seed now.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  First one was crest-seed.
Interviewer:  I see. I see.
472:  Crest seed.
Interviewer:  What about that inside part of an apple that's left after you've eaten around it?
472:  Core.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Yeah. Do people around here ever take uh slice up peaches or apples and let 'em dry?
472:  Yeah they do. Or did yeah while back if I I heared 'em talk about.
Interviewer:  What do they use 'em for?
472:  Uh they use 'em to cook or cereal black black cereal for breakfast you can uh like these dried apples you get in the store you know you can fix 'em more and uh cook 'em for breakfast.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  They they keep dry.
Interviewer:  {D: Uh-huh.} I see. Yeah. Well what kinda nuts grow around here?
472:  Walnut. Hickory nut. Pecan. And uh {NW} what I ha- acorns uh. And that's about it I believe.
Interviewer:  You got any almonds?
472:  No we don't have {X}
Interviewer:  Don't have those
472:  Uh {X}
Interviewer:  Do have you ever seen uh maybe somebody left an apple out in the hot sun it would dry up and
472:  Shrivel.
Interviewer:  It's just not good for anything anymore I reckon.
472:  No it's soon go away I reckon.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  Dry.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  And then rot.
Interviewer:  {NW} Say if if you wanted to send me to the store to get some lettuce you'd tell me to go to the store to get
472:  I'm gonna get me some uh lettuce.
Interviewer:  Or get two
472:  Two heads of lettuce.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  You ever refer you ever hear a man say that he had so many heads of children?
472:  {NW} Yeah. {X} seven or eight, ten, whatever it was. How would he say that? I've got me
Interviewer:  Oh I've got uh ten head {X} I got ten heads a yonder. Ten head of children. Ten head of 'em boys and girls together. Ever heard him say he had a whole passel?
472:  No I never have heard that
Interviewer:  Hadn't heard that word?
472:  No passel no
Interviewer:  But you have heard of head? Yeah?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Have you ever smoked?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What did you smoke?
472:  Uh mostly Prince Albert.
Interviewer:  Is that uh
472:  #1 Roll #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  roll my own cigarettes.
Interviewer:  {D: Uh-huh.} {X} Say these people that smoke these old thick brown uh
472:  Cigars. I have smoked them too they're pretty strong.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  They sure do smell
472:  Yep.
Interviewer:  mighty strong.
472:  I don't mind smelling 'em now {C: silence}
Interviewer:  Okay. What uh do you ever see these little things uh growing wild around here they'll come up in your yard? They'll look like a little umbrella? It's got a
472:  Mushrooms. Mushrooms.
Interviewer:  Uh so- some people eat those things don't they?
472:  Yeah Yeah {X} certain kinds that you eat. And certain kind you don't eat. But I don't really know I don't think you eat the kind that's brown under the bottom. Some of 'em just brown on the bottom and uh not very brown on top you know and some of 'em's real brown all over.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And then some of 'em real white. I don't know which it is I think it's the white one's you eat.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. I see. You ever heard of people call 'em toadstools?
472:  Yep. Sure have.
Interviewer:  What about uh is that what the way they say it? That's a
472:  A frogstool.
Interviewer:  Frogstool {X} Do y'all have uh birds around here that make this hooting noise that they can see in the dark?
472:  Now that's a screech owl. Yeah screech owl. {X}
Interviewer:  Are those the little ones? The screech owls?
472:  The screech owl yeah. Uh the hooting owls they are big swamp owls. Yeah. He makes the big old noise that
Interviewer:  I see. What about that bird that goes around drilling holes in trees?
472:  That's what they call a woodpecker. Or woodchucks. {X}
Interviewer:  Called
472:  #1 Wood- #
Interviewer:  #2 what? #
472:  chucks. Or woodpeckers.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Um
472:  We have different kinds of them. We have the whitewing and uh redhead. And we have a big black one with a red head. And we have uh two kinds of speckled one. We got one speckled one the redhead and we have a speckled one all over. Little fellow.
Interviewer:  I see. What about this animal that's got a white stripe down its back and he smells bad?
472:  That's a city cat.
Interviewer:  Oh.
472:  Uh ah there's a city cat and a pole cat. And uh the city cat'll out stink the pole cat.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Because a city cat has {X} they say.
Interviewer:  Really?
472:  But the pole cat don't have such a {X}
Interviewer:  Oh really?
472:  Not not pleasant at all but
Interviewer:  But they're different? How?
472:  They different yes sir. And we have a our and our pole cats are white tops on the head white head. Or whitecap. And a city cat's got stripes. Got stripes.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  Yeah. You oughta see it the old mother and a bunch of 'em going through the woods.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Little ones are following her?
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  I saw that and that's a pretty sight nothing like that I'm telling you.
Interviewer:  How many little ones do they usually have?
472:  Uh three and four and five. I saw that going through the woods.
Interviewer:  What about what what kind of animals would be bad about breaking into hen roost and killing your chickens?
472:  That's possums. And minks. Possums and minks. Minks might worse thing of course he can get through such a little hole.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What woul- what would you call just a general name for those kind of animals? You might say well I'm gonna get my shotgun and take care of those
472:  Uh well it they {X} got different names I wouldn't know. Wait you talking
Interviewer:  Could you could you say something like uh I'm gonna take care of those varmints?
472:  Yeah varmints yeah somethi- yeah yeah that's the name for all of 'em. Varmints.
Interviewer:  I see yeah.
472:  {D: Yeah}
Interviewer:  You were telling me about squirrels yesterday do y'all have a a little animal that kinda looks like a squirrel but it doesn't climb trees? It doesn't have that big bushy tail?
472:  Oh that's I believe you talking about flying squirrels. They're squirrel but they're flying squirrels. And uh way they fly they climb a tree to the top and jump out. And spread the the skin spreads under the belly
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And it'll hold 'em up, they don't hit the grounds hard but they won't hit the ground they'll try to hit the bottom of another tree. They real
Interviewer:  They're just gliding through the air?
472:  Glide through the air that's right.
Interviewer:  {X} I see.
472:  It wouldn't hold 'em up to go this way level. But it it'll hold 'em enough to let it go from one tree to another.
Interviewer:  Yeah I see.
472:  They're made that way.
Interviewer:  {X} Do you know if you have uh chipmunks or ground squirrels something like that?
472:  We do. Uh ground squirrels. Oh wait now. No we have what they call groundhogs. But uh the chipmunks {X} I don't know about the chipmunk but I think they have some of 'em in in the country.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  But I know we got the a uh groundhog.
Interviewer:  I see. Did you you know after that big rain we had yesterday, did you hear any uh frogs making a racket?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What kind would those be?
472:  Uh I call 'em rain frogs. They don't know when to get satisfied.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  The more rain the more they holler.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Now in that pond we have a lot of 'em down in the pond.
Interviewer:  Are those the little ones?
472:  Yeah little bitty fellows.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Well what what what's that gray what's the big one that makes that deep
472:  That's bullfrogs. Makes that old bellowing kind yeah. The kind that you eat.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  You ever had any frog legs?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I never have.
472:  I've tried 'em they eat pretty good. Seems like fried chicken. Which I've never eaten anyway just if you try
Interviewer:  Do you have a a frog that stays around land mostly? Uh around your garden doesn't go in the water much?
472:  That's what they call toads. Uh they live on the ground. Toad frogs.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  Mostly.
Interviewer:  what about these animals that have a hard shell and they pull in their head and leg you know?
472:  Turtles. Gophers.
Interviewer:  What's that?
472:  A turtle and a gopher is different you know they're both hollow And then they got these old uh what they call these things? Coming out some mu- mud snaps A- and they they haven't got a hard shell too I think Uh can't call the name of 'em now. But they {D: put away} all over the whole world. {X} You know they just
Interviewer:  But a gopher stays on the ground?
472:  Oh usually they stay in the hole he dig him a hole. Put your dens in the ground.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  And the turtle he just {X} you know
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  I
472:  #1 But #
Interviewer:  #2 see. #
472:  he will uh now these these box shell turtles they will go in a wet place and sink themselves.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  I've seen 'em do that. Out on the high wall I guess. They do better there.
Interviewer:  Oh I see {D: the shell.} What about you know talking about seafood these things that uh are in a shell some people talk about eating 'em on the half-shell. Say pearls grow in 'em you know? They call 'em uh
472:  Wouldn't be crabs would it?
Interviewer:  Well no these things are uh you can fry 'em or you can eat 'em raw uh uh oys-
472:  Oy- like oysters?
Interviewer:  Yes.
472:  Oysters? Yeah. Uh you said something about shelling 'em. Uh I thinking you was meaning some kinda uh water uh food that you could eat partly in the shell and just take 'em partly out.
Interviewer:  Yes-
472:  No but an oyster you take 'em all the way.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  I like them.
Interviewer:  Do you like these little uh little old fantailed ones animals that uh you find in the ocean too? Some people like 'em some kinda cocktail or shrimp?
472:  Oh they've got these uh shrimp. And then there's crab. These shrimps are got little old fantail but uh they grow to be about that long I reckon. Well about that a way some of 'em.
Interviewer:  Oh that's pretty big
472:  #1 Yeah #
Interviewer:  #2 pretty good # size there.
472:  Yeah I've saw very {X}
Interviewer:  Yeah. Well do you have these things that uh you find in the freshwater creeks they look like little lobsters they've got claws? Uh some people use 'em for bait and some people eat 'em?
472:  Oh that's crabs too.
Interviewer:  Well
472:  Freshwater crab.
Interviewer:  Freshw- you got freshwater crabs?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  {NW} Try those in creeks or
472:  Uh no they call it a no it's not the crabs uh freshwater I mean uh {X} used on trout line. Crawfish.
Interviewer:  Crawfish.
472:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Right. #
472:  Crawfish.
Interviewer:  I see. Yeah.
472:  Crawfish.
Interviewer:  {X} Talking about insects these things that you see sometimes hopping around in your yard? Some of 'em are green and some of 'em are black?
472:  Crickets?
Interviewer:  Crickets or the bigger ones those are
472:  {C: speaking to a squirrel out the window} What you looking for? Huh?
Interviewer:  Oh did you get a squirrel?
472:  She was looking in here. She went that way.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Or #
472:  I'm used to this light.
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
472:  I never have a light on unless it's not uh {X}
Interviewer:  Or insects like a grasshopp-
472:  Grasshopper?
Interviewer:  Can you use those for bait?
472:  Yeah. They make good brim bait. Grasshoppers do.
Interviewer:  What about uh what's the best kinda worm to use for bait?
472:  Wigglers. Uh these big old earthworms can't hardly be used. But the wiggler is better because he moves too much
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  {X} Earthworm don't.
Interviewer:  I see. Sometimes people use these little tiny fish for bait don't they?
472:  Little minnows? Yeah. You can buy your little minnows use 'em for bait. Had to catch white perch with 'em.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. I see. {NW} You know sometimes when you're cleaning out your house you'll this stuff'll gather in the corners of your ceiling and you'll have to get something to
472:  Yeah dust. Spiderweb.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Dust yeah.
Interviewer:  Are those spiderwebs like the same thing you'd find outside between two bushes or something like that? {NS}
472:  No. They're they're a little different from that. They are little round ball looking spiders. And you never see 'em outside hardly they're always in furniture or at the outside they up right up in under a place. Real dry. Dry place.
Interviewer:  I see. {X}
472:  Outhouse you have a lot of 'em in the outhouse if I don't keep spray it.
Interviewer:  {D: Uh-huh.} Right. Yeah. When you we were talking about trees yesterday I meant to ask you if y'all had any uh sycamores or magnolias around here?
472:  We got magnolias. Yeah beautiful magnolias. Uh and a few sycamores. A very few. {NW}
Interviewer:  I see. Have you ever heard of a a bush that grows around here called either a sumac or shoemake or
472:  Sumac yeah. Uh I hadn't saw no sumac in quite a while. Uh it may be some down there around the swamp They really like the swamp.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  Sumac.
Interviewer:  Do those have those red berries on 'em?
472:  They have berries yeah.
Interviewer:  They good for anything?
472:  No. Just bite for birds all the birds eat.
Interviewer:  I see yeah. Have you ever gotten into this vine that'll make your skin break out and itch?
472:  That's {X} I can take it and wrap it around my neck.
Interviewer:  It doesn't bother you?
472:  {NW} No. {NW} it was I was tending to the land you know the {X} Now I was pulling some down outta the trees there for the landing
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  And Ms Bryant saw me and she liked to had a fit. She said I can't even come by them things {X} if the wind blowing that towards me I'd get poisoned.
Interviewer:  Oh.
472:  And I just took 'em down that a way and put 'em all shoulder and around my arms.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  #1 And #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
472:  she just like to had a fit.
Interviewer:  Goodness.
472:  Never even bothered me at all
Interviewer:  {NW} Is that anything like poison ivy or poison oak?
472:  Poison oak yeah. It's likened to that yeah. Or sumac. Now the sumac will poison me too. Find a sumac'll real- really get you.
Interviewer:  I see. What kind of berries do you have growing around here that you can eat?
472:  Well we have uh farkleberry.
Interviewer:  What?
472:  Farkleberry. Yew berry. And strawberries and uh blueberries. Several several kinds of berries.
Interviewer:  Aren't there any raspberries?
472:  And raspberries. {C: train whistle} Some people got them.
Interviewer:  I see yeah. What about you know this thing that uh has wheels on it you can put a baby in it and it'll lie down and you can
472:  Oh that's what they call a baby buggy.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Well if you had one of those you might say well I think I'm gonna put the baby in it and go
472:  Yeah go shopping.
Interviewer:  Or I'm gonna the baby around.
472:  Yeah. Take a little jaunt or.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {NW} push it around a while.
Interviewer:  Right. Right. Say a woman who is uh about to have a baby you say she's
472:  Pregnant.
Interviewer:  Can you remember a time when peo- people didn't say to use that word?
472:  Uh-huh or with child. With child. And you never you never heard people talk about it. But now the children are supposed to be {C: passing traffic} they was mighty careful who they talked with before. And now things are different. I'll tell you the truth. I run into some little girls little girls. Uh three and four years old. Said momma gonna have a baby. Momma uh such and such gonna have a baby.
Interviewer:  They said she was pregnant?
472:  Uh yeah they said no just say gonna have a baby.
Interviewer:  a baby?
472:  {X} But some of 'em says baby. {X} Have a baby.
Interviewer:  How about that. {NW}
472:  And they they look for that too you know. They find out how it's what it's all about. {NW} Television'll show 'em a lotta that.
Interviewer:  You don't think that's good or
472:  It's bad.
Interviewer:  Yeah?
472:  It's bad. Because as we said a while ago about the young people getting together too too much {C: train whistle blowing} lust of the flesh. Causes trouble. Sneaks in their little hearts and minds. What you teach a little child uh now he he ain't gon- he won't get it. To be right there. And it and nature gets born then you see. It'll go for it. And that's it.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Yeah. And then they'd never get in trouble because they'd get to find their way in they {X} here and there and there and throw themselves away. You know way back yonder they call it a uh when a woman we- went like that they called her a loose woman. {X} whore no good. And they little fellows is throwing themselves away every day. Beautiful girls on outta town. A lust of the flesh {X} and it's enti- enticement of the boy and of the {X} They gone. And they can't hardly quit.
Interviewer:  That's bad.
472:  Yes it is bad. Well that's what it leads up to.
Interviewer:  Say uh this expression if a boy has the same color hair as his father and the same color eyes and maybe his nose is shaped about the same you'd say that the boy
472:  Favors his father.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Would you say the same thing like if the boy inherited his father's bad habits?
472:  Yeah. You woul- you would say that he takes after the father.
Interviewer:  He takes after
472:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 the # father.
472:  Inherited {X}
Interviewer:  Right. Right. I see. Have you ever heard any kind of uh bad names or mean names that a person might use to refer to a a child that's born to an unmarried woman?
472:  Uh yeah let me see about that. Uh that's that's outta wedlock yeah. That's outta wedlock. Uh they call 'em bastards.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  But I don't think really that's what that's the Bible gives. I don't think. I ain't too sure I'll look that up and see about that. Be sure.
Interviewer:  Or illegitimate something like that?
472:  Yeah illegitimate uh {C: train whistle} uh bastard or
Interviewer:  I see okay. What about talking about families if uh if I have a brother and he has a son that son would be my
472:  How is that now?
Interviewer:  Well say if I have a brother
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  and he has a son his son would be my
472:  {NW} uh uh {C: train whistle} nephew.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Okay. What about a child you know both his parents have died you say he's a
472:  Oh orphan. Orphan child. Orphan {D: with no} father nor mother.
Interviewer:  And the the adult who's appointed to look after it that would be his
472:  His relative
Interviewer:  Or his legal
472:  Uh legal sister or brother.
Interviewer:  Or guard-
472:  Or guardian.
Interviewer:  I see. Yeah. I wanna ask you about a few proper names you know like uh the name of uh the mother of Jesus in the Bible that was
472:  Mary.
Interviewer:  Do you remember what George Washington's wife was named?
472:  {NW} No I don't {X}
Interviewer:  Begins with an M? Uh Mar-
472:  Uh Martha? Oh let's see I saw that in Montgomery I believe.
Interviewer:  What's that?
472:  Uh I believe I saw her picture in Montgomery on the on the wall and I believe that man did call her name Martha. {X} Yeah I think that's where I saw it in Montgomery we we go up there every now and then you know. {X}
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  What about uh a woman's name that begins with an N? Uh have you ever heard that song wait 'til the sun shines
472:  Don't believe I ever have. Uh no in in the Bible her her name started with {X}
Interviewer:  Or it could be Nelly?
472:  Nelly. Nelly or {X}
Interviewer:  Or what about uh a boy's name that begins with a B? Uh sometimes you call a male goat a
472:  Uh call him a uh Billy.
Interviewer:  Billy goat?
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  I see. Or in the Bible uh the first of the first {X} gospels was written by
472:  Uh Christ. {C: Train whistle} {X} Let me see.
Interviewer:  You got Mark
472:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Luke #
472:  that's about Christ. Yeah.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Mark Luke and John.
Interviewer:  And Ma-
472:  Matthew Mark Luke and John.
Interviewer:  Okay what about a a woman's name that begins with an S? Uh the wife of Abraham in the Bible? {X}
472:  Sarah. {NS}
Interviewer:  These come by pretty regular don't they? {NS}
472:  Yeah but not near as regular {X}
Interviewer:  {D: Does that have four inches?}
472:  Yeah. {X}
Interviewer:  Well you we were talking about uh Abraham's wife her name was
472:  Abraham.
Interviewer:  Uh
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh say if uh if I had uh if my father had a brother named William he would be my I'd call him
472:  Uncle.
Interviewer:  Or if we don't use his whole name I'd call him his name was William I'd call him
472:  Bill or something?
Interviewer:  Or Uncle
472:  Uncle William.
Interviewer:  Right okay.
472:  Uncle William
Interviewer:  #1 Sure. #
472:  #2 yeah. #
Interviewer:  And if I had one named John that would be my
472:  Uncle John.
Interviewer:  What would you call a a woman who teaches school? She would be a
472:  A schoolteacher.
Interviewer:  Ever heard any old-fashioned names for a woman who teaches?
472:  I don't believe I have.
Interviewer:  Like schoolmarm or school ma'am
472:  No I never have.
Interviewer:  You never heard that?
472:  No.
Interviewer:  Ha- have you ever heard of uh a man who's a preacher but he really wasn't trained to be a preacher? And he's not all that good at it. He he does something else for a living then kinda preaches on the side? What would you have you ever heard people call him anything in particular?
472:  {NW} no I don't believe I have. Uh there's there's a lot to be thought about that. Uh I've heard {D: holiness} talk about that he was a God sent man. Said all I know is the Bible is what God's given And then you they work outside well he's never been called uh I think a person that's been taught to preach is not altogether a uh he's he he's that he's he more or less he he don't need to be taught to preach. He just needs to be taught how to handle the word. Uh I uh a preacher by the letter I don't think he's no good. But a preacher's just been taught how to handle things and not taught taught the Bible by the letter he's alright.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  I sent you that little book I give you.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Now buddy that little book is is it And well they share the same one let me tell you they've made just alike. And then that book right there is it. This here little book right here is it. Uh inspired. He inspired. These books have been inspired. Right. And the Bible back's 'em up. You find something like that you got it. I mean {X}
Interviewer:  I was just wondering if if you've ever heard people use the expression well he's just a jackleg uh #1 preacher. #
472:  #2 Yeah. # Just a jack- he's just a jackleg of a preacher yeah. Yes uh just like reading your Bible some of 'em reads the Bible because they can read it. Some of 'em read it for an argument. Some of 'em read it just to boast on because I read my Bible through so many times and everything But get it all they don't really like it. They don't put up the life see? It's the life that counts. And uh you may read to him the old saying is you turn {X} if you don't live the life well it's no good.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  Well if this preacher preaches and you don't put up your life I don't want him I don't like him. I mean he's no good all way. H- he he you get good out of it but he ain't no good {X} if he can't put up the life.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  Yeah. And I've known 'em to take the Bible under the arm get on the highway and thumb a ride And heard of 'em putting the pistol in the man's side and taking his car. {NW} Alright.
Interviewer:  Goodness.
472:  Alright. Well you can use the Bible in many ways to g- oh I'm sorry.
Interviewer:  That's
472:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 okay. #
472:  And {C: speech distortion} the Bible in many ways and and uh be an enemy in other words. To hide your meanness behind it. For the Bible really is called a {X} {X} {NS} {X}
Interviewer:  Can you have uh a jackleg anything else like a lawyer or a carpenter or
472:  Jackleg of a carpenter? Yeah I've heard of that a lot. Just a jackleg of a carpenter who he is and he ain't in other words he can do some but he can't do it all. Just a jackleg.
Interviewer:  Ever heard of a shadetree?
472:  Uh yeah Shady tree.
Interviewer:  Would that be who would what would a shade tree be a mechanic or
472:  Well I wouldn't know. Just like a
Interviewer:  But you have heard of that?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see.
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Say uh in the Civil War you know Robert E. Lee? His rank in the army he was a you remember what he was? He was a pretty high up? uh
472:  Yeah he was always there he was uh a demander uh commander.
Interviewer:  A general?
472:  A general. Yeah. General commander yeah.
Interviewer:  Do you ever see this uh old gentleman who advertises Kentucky Fried Chicken wears the white suit and he's got a little white beard and mustache? You remember what his name was?
472:  {NW} No I I forgot about that I heared that the here a while back but I forgot it.
Interviewer:  You call him the Colonel?
472:  Colonel? Is that what that's what {X}
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 {X} #
472:  The Colonel yeah. Well if Colonel's in war you know he's called colonel.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  What about the man who presides over the county court he's the
472:  The contender uh uh justice of peace or
Interviewer:  He's the {D: circuit}
472:  Circus court uh manager.
Interviewer:  Or the jud-
472:  Judge. Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. And a person who goes to school to study he's a
472:  A citizen.
Interviewer:  Or a stu-
472:  A student. Citizen or student.
Interviewer:  And a woman who you know does typing and filing and takes care of the boss's mail she's a
472:  {NW} stenographer. Uh yeah.
Interviewer:  Yeah. Yeah. What about a woman who uh who's on the stage uh you wouldn't call her an actor but she's an
472:  Uh let's see I ought to know that. {C: car horn} and not not an actor but uh {X} I forgot that.
Interviewer:  An actress?
472:  Actress.
Interviewer:  Is that what you would call her?
472:  I guess you would. I just don't know I I don't know that one.
Interviewer:  But uh
472:  What you would call her on the stage.
Interviewer:  Actress.
472:  Actor
Interviewer:  {D: What about}
472:  Yeah that's what you would call her an actor. I get it
Interviewer:  What about uh our nationality we're not Germans but we're both
472:  Oh we are well sorta like mixed-breed. {NW} We would be {NW}
Interviewer:  Well some- anybody who lives in the United States or who lives in America he's an A-
472:  He he's an American or a foreigner? Uh man from another country.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  I meant to ask you the other day when we were talking about uh white folks and colored people have you ever heard uh you know white people who were who don't have much money who's never had an opportunity to get much but who are just kind of don't wanna do anything about it they're just kinda lazy you know? Have you ever heard them called anything in particular?
472:  Uh just call 'em a a person of {D: du- uh} almost a do-nothing or just they just don't even look out for theirself and nobody else. In other words they I don't know what they'd call them.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  A lazy person I reckon.
Interviewer:  I just wondered if you'd heard anybody use uh {X} expression white trash?
472:  Oh yeah Yeah they'll that's been up here in the in the in the in our uh uh hospital.
Interviewer:  Well wha-
472:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 Could you tell me about # that?
472:  Got up to trouble.
Interviewer:  How's that?
472:  {X} the black person
Interviewer:  {D: I see.}
472:  called a white man trash
Interviewer:  {X} What happened?
472:  The old man wasn't able that's all I seed.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  And that's what it's for {NS} that's what it's all about. Get up to it.
Interviewer:  {X}
472:  And I'm sure glad it didn't happen. {NS}
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  Call him old white trash.
Interviewer:  Saw a black man do that?
472:  It was a woman.
Interviewer:  Oh.
472:  Yeah. {X}
Interviewer:  {X} You ever hear white people use that word?
472:  Uh not I've heard about holiness had been called this old holiness trash.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  People throw off on the churches you know? Call old holy church just old bunch of trash.
Interviewer:  Oh.
472:  Yeah I have But {NW} the {NW} lady that I heard talking about that she says I just told 'em well there's one good thing about it. He throw us overboard and we'll float.
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Oh.
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  That's funny.
472:  That trash floats you know what
Interviewer:  #1 {NW} #
472:  #2 she mean. # Well we was on top anyhow the holiness part.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  And holiness {X} God she had a point alright.
Interviewer:  Right. Yeah. Okay.
472:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Okay. Just for pronunciation would you mind saying the names of the months of the year for me?
472:  January February March April May June July August September October November and December
Interviewer:  Okay and the days of the week?
472:  Uh uh let's see we used to start on Monday but Sunday's really the first day. We'd have to say Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
Interviewer:  Okay. And uh the day of the month that the bill's are usually due that's usually the
472:  I ought to know as many as I pay but I never pay no attention to that part about it I just go pay 'em when I get 'em.
Interviewer:  Or it's just the
472:  They're due in c- at a certain time. Uh about the middle of the month I guess.
Interviewer:  #1 Or #
472:  #2 {X} # or {D: somes} due.
Interviewer:  Some some bills might come to you on the fi-
472:  On the first yeah. They would be.
Interviewer:  Okay.
472:  They most everyday most any day uh it's bills coming most anytime I guess but most of 'em comes on the middle of the month
Interviewer:  {NW}
472:  or the first.
Interviewer:  Okay. Okay. And the day after the first you call that the
472:  Second.
Interviewer:  Okay and then the
472:  Third. Fourth. Fifth. Sixth. Seventh. Eighth. {X}
Interviewer:  And the last two you call 'em the after the eighth comes the
472:  Ninth. Tenth.
Interviewer:  Okay. What about uh again just for pronunciation would you count for me kinda slow from one to fourteen?
472:  One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. Seven. Eight. Nine. Ten. Eleven. Twelve. Thirteen. Fourteen.
Interviewer:  Okay. And the number after nineteen that's
472:  Twenty.
Interviewer:  And the number after twenty-six?
472:  Twenty-seven.
Interviewer:  And after twenty-nine.
472:  Thirty.
Interviewer:  And after thirty-nine?
472:  Forty.
Interviewer:  And after sixty-nine.
472:  Seventy.
Interviewer:  And after ninety-nine?
472:  A hundred.
Interviewer:  And after nine hundred and ninety-nine you got one
472:  {NW} Nine hundred and ninety-nine {X} Uh uh a thousand.
Interviewer:  Right.
472:  A thousand.
Interviewer:  And a big number ten times a hundred thousand is one mi-
472:  Million.
Interviewer:  Okay. Okay just a few more things and we'll be through I wanna ask you about some names of some states and cities uh just for pronunciation. Like if you where in the biggest uh city in this country you would be in
472:  Let me see. I guess it'd be New Orleans
Interviewer:  Beg your pardon?
472:  New Orleans wouldn't it?
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright. I tell you what uh I'll name off some names of some states and cities and if you'd repeat 'em after me and tell me whether you've ever visited there or not. Okay? What about uh New York State?
472:  Never been there.
Interviewer:  Could you just repeat it after me?
472:  New York.
Interviewer:  Okay. And Maryland?
472:  Maryland.
Interviewer:  Uh Virginia.
472:  Virginia.
Interviewer:  Good. Say uh North Carolina?
472:  {NW} N- North Carolina no.
Interviewer:  Okay. South Carolina?
472:  No. {NW} South Carolina
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
472:  #2 no. #
Interviewer:  Uh Georgia.
472:  Georgia? No.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh Louisiana?
472:  Louisiana no. Never been.
Interviewer:  Been where?
472:  Never been there.
Interviewer:  To where?
472:  {NW} Louisiana.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh Kentucky?
472:  Kentucky no. Never been there.
Interviewer:  Tennessee.
472:  Tennessee never been there.
Interviewer:  Missouri?
472:  Missouri. Never been there. {X}
Interviewer:  Arkansas?
472:  Arkansas. Never been there but I've heard a lot about the Arkansas traveler.
Interviewer:  What's that?
472:  Uh it's this song about the Arkansas traveler.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  Uh-huh. They wrote this song about the Arkansas traveler.
Interviewer:  I see. {NW} Okay. Um Oklahoma?
472:  Oklahoma? Never been there but I've always wanted to go.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Why Oklahoma?
472:  Why Oklahoma? I never traveled.
Interviewer:  Uh Massachusetts?
472:  Massachusetts never been there.
Interviewer:  Those states up in the the northeastern part of the country you ever heard it called uh New England state?
472:  New England yeah. Never been there.
Interviewer:  Okay. And a few cities uh biggest city in Maryland uh Baltimore?
472:  Baltimore heard lots about it but never been there.
Interviewer:  {NW} Okay. What about the capital of this country?
472:  Capital of this country
Interviewer:  Washing-
472:  Washington {X} I've been to Washington.
Interviewer:  Oh have you?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  #1 When #
472:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  did you go?
472:  Oh yeah. Let's see I've been to Washington no I haven't either!
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
472:  #2 {NW} #
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Okay.
472:  {NW} {X}
Interviewer:  What about St. Louis?
472:  St. Louis? I've never been there.
Interviewer:  Okay. In uh South Carolina you have i- Charleston?
472:  That's right. Charleston no I've never been there.
Interviewer:  Okay. Uh
472:  {X} to go there but {X}
Interviewer:  I see. Big city in Alabama Birmingham?
472:  Yeah I've been to Birmingham.
Interviewer:  Have you?
472:  Uh Birmingham yeah I've been there.
Interviewer:  Pretty big uh fair sized city
472:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Okay. And uh big city in Illinois. Chicago?
472:  Chicago. Uh no I've never been there but I've heard a lot of talk about Chicago.
Interviewer:  Okay. In uh North Carolina Asheville?
472:  North Carolina Asheville? No. Never been there.
Interviewer:  Okay. And uh a few big cities in Tennessee are Chattanooga?
472:  Chattanooga Tennessee never been there.
Interviewer:  Okay. Knoxville?
472:  Knoxville. Never been there.
Interviewer:  Okay Memphis?
472:  Memphis? Never been there.
Interviewer:  Nashville?
472:  Nashville never been there but I've always wanted to go I hear 'em talk about {X}
Interviewer:  {D: Yeah.} {NS} Country music?
472:  #1 No. #
Interviewer:  #2 That's # where they play all the
472:  #1 Country #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  music yeah.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
472:  Uh-huh. That's that's the reason I'd like to go but I haven't been.
Interviewer:  And a big city in Georgia Atlanta?
472:  Atlanta. Never have been there. Heard a lotta talk about Atlanta. {X}
Interviewer:  And a few other big cities in Georgia Savannah?
472:  Savannah? No. Never been there.
Interviewer:  Macon?
472:  Macon Georgia. Never been there.
Interviewer:  Columbus?
472:  Columbus never been there.
Interviewer:  But you have been to New Orleans?
472:  No I
Interviewer:  #1 Oh yeah? #
472:  #2 haven't. # I been close by but
Interviewer:  #1 Okay. #
472:  #2 I haven't been there # {NW} but we keep we keep talking about going. I ain't got there yet.
Interviewer:  Where did you go uh close by?
472:  Uh the other side of Mississippi {X} for edge of Mississippi.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  Uh
Interviewer:  Is it just across the line?
472:  We I don't know whether we quite got to the line or not but we went
Interviewer:  #1 Is it past #
472:  #2 way out. #
Interviewer:  {D: Ebula} or {X}
472:  Oh yeah we went way on over there we went on towards New Orleans way over there. That big curve {X} the big curve.
Interviewer:  Oh I see. And another big city in uh Louisiana Baton Rouge?
472:  Baton Rouge Louisiana. Heard a lot of that but I hadn't ever been there.
Interviewer:  Okay. And the city in Ohio Cincinnati?
472:  Never have been to Cin- -natti Cincinnati.
Interviewer:  Okay. And the city in Kentucky is Louisville?
472:  In Kentucky Louisville? No I've never been there. {NS}
Interviewer:  Okay. And uh what do you foreign countries if you were in uh Paris you would be in France?
472:  Uh I'd be in France if I was you know in other words
Interviewer:  Okay and the big Communist country. If you were in Moscow you'd be in Russia?
472:  Russia. Be in Russia.
Interviewer:  Okay and uh if you were in the city of Dublin you'd be in Ireland?
472:  Ireland. Yeah.
Interviewer:  You reckon it's just gonna drizzle all day?
472:  It's {NS} headed that way. {NW} {NW}
Interviewer:  Looks like it.
472:  Let's see what time it's getting to be.
Interviewer:  Oh it's about eleven-twenty.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Oh me.
472:  {X} about the time we're done with this
Interviewer:  That's right.
472:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
472:  about two oh clock.
Interviewer:  No we're done. We're through with uh one thing I was uh asking you about yesterday the the house that you grew up in you said it was uh basically a one room house that had a a kitchen joining it?
472:  Yeah. Yeah.
Interviewer:  You reckon you could make me just a little uh sketch of the floor plan just showing where that room was and how the kitchen was on next to it?
472:  I ain't no good at drawing.
Interviewer:  Oh well I'd do it if you just describe it to me.
472:  Alright it's just a one room building and it had
Interviewer:  Just like kind of a big square?
472:  Yeah big square. That's right.
Interviewer:  Okay. Something like this?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Okay. Alright.
472:  And then it had a a long room on the side.
Interviewer:  A long room on
472:  #1 About a #
Interviewer:  #2 the side? #
472:  eight ten foot room on the side.
Interviewer:  Okay.
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What what room was this?
472:  And now then the kitchen was this here.
Interviewer:  The kitchen was on this end?
472:  And then we eat on a table in this end.
Interviewer:  And this was the kitchen.
472:  Yeah. {NS} {NS}
Interviewer:  Was this the dining room?
472:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Is that what you call
472:  #1 {D: Back} #
Interviewer:  #2 it? #
472:  over here at this end for a reason.
Interviewer:  Dining room?
472:  Uh-huh. Must be called we called the dining room. {X}
Interviewer:  Okay.
472:  Alright and the floor in this building was old rough lumber. Rough lumber and there was cracks in it.
Interviewer:  Yes sir.
472:  {X} {X}
Interviewer:  Was this a big bedroom?
472:  Uh yeah. Yeah. And had a fireplace.
Interviewer:  {X} Okay.
472:  And uh it just had two bedrooms.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  {X}
Interviewer:  Was there any kinda porch or anything like that to it?
472:  No there wasn't no porch {X}
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. I see. Was that a a frame or a log building?
472:  Frame building.
Interviewer:  Frame building?
472:  Yeah. Frame building.
Interviewer:  Yeah. {X} You say you've been in uh this house how long?
472:  Six years.
Interviewer:  Six years?
472:  Yeah there about six years.
Interviewer:  I see. Okay. Alright. About how much time do you reckon you spent in that uh in that house?
472:  {NW} Let's see.
Interviewer:  Pretty long time?
472:  Yeah I guess we'd spent uh several years there. But I can't remember it too much.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh.
472:  We stayed as I said daddy moved right smart you know? {NS} to be close to work.
Interviewer:  Yes sir. I see. {C: silence}