Interviewer:  As you ordinarily talk.
503:  #1 {X} #
Interviewer:  #2 If you would # uh count up to twenty say and I'll watch this and see how it's recording okay?
503:  One two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty.
Interviewer:  Okay. And would you say the days of the week? Uh Sunday Monday
503:  Day's day's Thursday ain't it?
Interviewer:  That's right. If you just start with Sunday and
503:  Just Sunday? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday.
Interviewer:  Alright sir the months of the year and then
503:  But I don't remember that.
Interviewer:  Uh just January February. um Just in your ordinary voice. uh
503:  January February March April May June July and August September October November December.
Interviewer:  Alright sir. This has um a needle here and as you talk the needle moves back and forth and #1 I can tell whether it's re- #
503:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  recording or not.
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I think this will be fine. Okay and first thing I'd like to ask is uh is it cool enough in here for you?
503:  Yes it's alright by #1 me. #
Interviewer:  #2 I'd # be glad to turn that #1 on though. #
503:  #2 It # it'll be alright for me.
Interviewer:  Alright sir.
503:  Either way {D: I'm not gonna do anything.}
Interviewer:  Well let's let's see if it's um
503:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Open these up a little bit {NS} Should cool off I think in a hurry here. Uh So you say you're you grew up um in um in the county right?
503:  Yes sir. Haywood county.
Interviewer:  Uh-huh. Can you hear me all right? uh
503:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Alright if uh I I don't want you to be on uh strings.
503:  #1 No I I that's alright I'll I'll get back when I get ready. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # #1 Alright. #
503:  #2 {NW} # {X}
Interviewer:  You were leaning back when uh #1 {X} #
503:  #2 Yes # sir.
Interviewer:  Just relax. I can um
503:  That's alright.
Interviewer:  Tell you I can sit here you just #1 you just lay on it #
503:  #2 Alright. #
Interviewer:  and uh use this. So you were born in Haywood County about how far from uh Brownsville?
503:  Bout eight or ten miles.
Interviewer:  Uh huh. uh
503:  And number eight district born then they've changed it up now. I don't know what it is.
Interviewer:  The streets. Eight or ten miles. And was it back in this direction?
503:  {X} No north of Brownsville.
Interviewer:  North. And you're 82?
503:  82 will be last that July.
Interviewer:  And you're been a farmer all your life?
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  And {NW} your religion?
503:  Baptist.
Interviewer:  Baptist. And uh and uh Did you get a chance to go to school very much #1 when you were a boy? #
503:  #2 Not very much # no
Interviewer:  'Bout how many years? uh
503:  Well I don't know about it. I got in the fourth grade I had to go live in {D: Dahlonega.} Fourth grade.
Interviewer:  That was in the county?
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  And do you happen to remember where your mother and father were born?
503:  Well I guess they were born in Haywood County too.
Interviewer:  Oh. And they didn't get a chance to go to school very #1 much? #
503:  #2 Not #
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
503:  #2 very much. # No.
Interviewer:  Uh and they were part of the farm #1 {X} #
503:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  mm-hmm Do you have any recollection of your grandparents?
503:  #1 No sir don't have very recollection of them talking #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. Uh huh. #
503:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # And your wife? Is she living?
503:  No sir she's been dead just for six years.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh huh. #
503:  #2 six years #
Interviewer:  #1 #
503:  #2 #
Interviewer:  And how old was she when she died?
503:  She was about uh 72 or 3 I guess.
Interviewer:  She was a Baptist too?
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  And did she get grow up on a farm?
503:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  So she had about the same education.
503:  Yeah. Well no she had a little more than I did.
Interviewer:  Oh did she?
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  I guess girls could go to school easier than boys.
503:  Yeah you right about that. {NW} She got out for a finish out that home and come to town a little bit but not much
Interviewer:  I see uh A couple years in high school?
503:  No it wasn't that long.
Interviewer:  Oh.
503:  It wasn't a year I'd reckon in high school.
Interviewer:  and uh What I'd like to do is ask you uh uh just to tell me what you remember about uh oh things like the different buildings that you had on the farm when you were a boy and uh where you kept the uh cattle and and uh and where you keep the tools.
503:  Well.
Interviewer:  Things like that
503:  We had uh had a barn. 'Course there's mostly mules at that time than there was cows. And uh We hard a barn now then and of course we had a house we lived in. and uh That was when I was growing up.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm That's what I'm interested in so.
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  That's what I'm interested in so
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  What you remember when you were a boy.
503:  Yeah. And uh and we moved to my grandmother's place. Why we moved we moved from uh below the church house at home at that time down to, to our home place when I was young. {X} And then so we stayed there several years and then we moved across the creek then to my grandmother's place and over there's where my dad and uh my uncle both died at.
Interviewer:  I see.
503:  They died less than 50 years old.
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
503:  And we we felt that at that time know it uh people be getting kinda old.
Interviewer:  Uh 50 was pretty old.
503:  Yeah. It was. Uh we we moved back over 'bout then at our home place and right we stayed there then 'til all of us married off and then uh my mother and sister then they bought a place in town and moved to town and sold that place out there.
Interviewer:  I see.
503:  So uh That's why my Sister's in town now I guess.
Interviewer:  I see.
503:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Why she's still there. uh Where did you keep the uh the hay at there that you've got? uh
503:  Well. um They kept it in the barn now they had a hay shed {D: to call} it. and uh I reckon Uncle John was the first one bought a hay baler. And then in that county it's been years ago I just can't remember.
Interviewer:  Sure.
503:  And he bought a two-horse hay baler and course you had to feed it and tie it out you know so. Now this day and time of course all you gotta do is sit up on the tractor and it will do the work. {NW}
Interviewer:  Hey the tractor's air-conditioned.
503:  That's right. That's right.
Interviewer:  I wonder if uh now that you mention the baler would you tell me how you'd uh uh cut the hay and what you'd do with it?
503:  Well we uh we cut it with a moor mule moor at that time and had a mule rakes. and uh They'd uh Now I I don't know I don't know too much about it before before he bought this uh baler. I {D: read} and they stack it.
Interviewer:  Uh huh. I've seen a lot of stacks made. Uh they cut it they stack it and
503:  Yeah
Interviewer:  Uh
503:  Well they put it in a wheat pounder {D: Wind rolling in a shop.} And then they'd they'd put it eight or ten loads maybe on a stack what you call a stack.
Interviewer:  I see. How would-- would they have a pole and
503:  Yeah yeah they'd they'd have a pole and uh set it on the ground and then just pile hay all the way around it and on up {X}
Interviewer:  I see. How high would that be about?
503:  Well about ten or fifteen feet high
Interviewer:  uh uh did you ever see anything that uh that might put holes in the ground and then some poles like this and stack hay around it?
503:  I believe I have seen that.
Interviewer:  I wonder what that was called.
503:  I don't know but uh
Interviewer:  uh Does a rick sound right? A hay barrow or a hay rick? {C: pronunciation as barry}
503:  I don't know what it was called.
Interviewer:  #1 Uh huh. #
503:  #2 But uh # I believe I've seen that Remember something about that
Interviewer:  {X} I um saw this picture in the in the commercial appeal the other day of an old hay rake uh I suppose this was the kind that you had.
503:  yeah yeah
Interviewer:  yeah
503:  {D: there} Yeah that it is
Interviewer:  Oh yeah This one got that one in Virginia {X}
503:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {D: keeping that time} I was just in a commercial appeal last week.
503:  Yeah that it is old old hay rake.
Interviewer:  uh huh and uh {NW} then Then you they they didn't start in the barn before they baled it they uh they had it out in the stack you said?
503:  Well I think so. Of course they put a loose hay bale takes up a lot more room than uh baled hay will.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
503:  and uh I may have then filled up everything I could you know in the shed and uh then stacked them high.
Interviewer:  I see. uh do they uh where do they keep the baled hay then? uh
503:  Well then they keep that in the shed.
Interviewer:  I see
503:  {X}
Interviewer:  Did you ever have anything uh up under the under the under the roof of the barn? Ever keep any hay up there?
503:  Well. I I guess so in uh the loft of the barn and uh hay shed together you know. There'd be a hay shed on one side maybe and a {D: log tending} barn maybe put hay over there
Interviewer:  I see.
503:  and those bales.
Interviewer:  Any place uh that you can store 'em.
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  uh huh. And uh where did you keep the tools that you had? uh
503:  Well they- they- most of them stayed outdoors #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
503:  just like you do now.
Interviewer:  uh huh. and uh. The corn? How about that? uh
503:  They had a {D: priv} to put that in.
Interviewer:  {X}
503:  Yes. What you call a priv.
Interviewer:  Did you grow much wheat or oats?
503:  Well there wasn't too much that was growed I I don't know that we ever growed any. Might have growed some oats Or hay something like that.
Interviewer:  Did uh did folks ever have anything they called a granary #1 to keep that in? uh #
503:  #2 I I think I've heard of that. #
Interviewer:  uh huh I was wondering how they'd, how would they keep the rats out? uh #1 the the #
503:  #2 Well uh # I I don't know about that.
Interviewer:  And They uh {NW} What animals did you have and did you have hogs? uh
503:  Yes sir we had 'course we raised that {X} that at that time you know uh there wasn't nobody {D: settling in the hog department.}
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
503:  And uh we raised our own meat and kill 'em.
Interviewer:  Fresh eggs? Would you tell me uh anything you remember about uh About the hogs? uh About where you keep them and uh
503:  #1 Well. #
Interviewer:  #2 about where you kill 'em? #
503:  um 'course there we was I come from a pretty good sized family and uh we always had some {D: sows to kill} and about from six to ten I reckon.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
503:  and uh After that right just before killing time a while before well we'd make a pen. About eight or ten to a pen {D: squabbling} you know.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
503:  And put a floor in then put 'em on that floor. And they, people then think at that time they were fetting a hog without it on 'em {D: fold} pen
Interviewer:  Is that right?
503:  #1 That's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 uh huh #
503:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # And how would they how would you feed 'em then?
503:  Corn.
Interviewer:  Uh huh and uh
503:  #1 Yes. #
Interviewer:  #2 Where # where would you you just throw it in the pen #1 or #
503:  #2 Yes just # throw it all in the pen.
Interviewer:  I see.
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  uh Did you have when they were in the pen how did you feed 'em? Did you have something like this? uh
503:  No they uh they had maybe had a little lock there uh huh
Interviewer:  {D: alright} You had a trough for uh
503:  No there-- well there was a watering trough they had a watering trough
Interviewer:  uh and uh uh wh-what did you call a {D: little} hog {D: would they hold} or not?
503:  {NW}
Interviewer:  And how about uh how about after {D: he were} after he was fixed. What what did you call him then?
503:  Barley.
Interviewer:  I see. um Did you do the uh did you operate on him yourself?
503:  Well no I never did uh in my life work on one but uh I would have the neighbors do that for me.
Interviewer:  uh huh What do they call it? uh
503:  Castrate.
Interviewer:  #1 Castrate huh? #
503:  #2 Yes. #
Interviewer:  And uh What's a what's a shoat? and uh And what uh what do folks mean when they say shoat? uh What's a shoat, a gelder? {C: gelter?}
503:  Well. That's uh that's just a shoat after you get past the pig, you know, before he gets to be a hog.
Interviewer:  I see.
503:  Just call him a shoat.
Interviewer:  Uh huh. Not uh
503:  You get that 75 pound to a hundred
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
503:  #2 Something like that. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
503:  #2 #
Interviewer:  And the gelts did did you ever use that? uh
503:  Yeah. Yeah or gelts.
Interviewer:  Is that the female #1 or is that a #
503:  #2 Yes. #
Interviewer:  {D: darba?}
503:  That's a female.
Interviewer:  Female.
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  I see. And uh uh I was wondering would you uh would you and your brothers and your father ever talk about a {D: boar or} around a woman when you were young or not?
503:  Well. They usually use a {D: layolin}
Interviewer:  I see.
503:  {NW}
Interviewer:  They're kinda embarrassed a- #1 bout it then? #
503:  #2 Yes. #
Interviewer:  Uh huh. Uh somebody said that uh somebody told me that that it wasn't polite to #1 talk about that #
503:  #2 No, it it wasn't # and it was now by Georgia's rule
Interviewer:  #1 Uh huh. To everybody. #
503:  #2 {NW} # {NW}
Interviewer:  How about the male of the cattle? uh Or a horse.
503:  Huh?
Interviewer:  uh What would you call the male of the horse? What are those?
503:  Stud.
Interviewer:  And uh of the cattle? Uh
503:  Uh he was a bull.
Interviewer:  Bull huh? And but you wouldn't say that in front of a woman?
503:  No no you wouldn't say that no. {NW} {NW} {D: oh} Stallion and male cows something like that.
Interviewer:  I see. Uh stallion was okay.
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  But not stud, huh? I see. It's interesting isn't it how this changed?
503:  That's right.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
503:  #2 You're right about that. #
Interviewer:  #1 #
503:  #2 #
Interviewer:  and uh What um Where'd you keep the cows to milk them?
503:  {D: We'd keep} We kept them in the lot. And they go up to the shed and maybe if they were had one. A lot of folks didn't have one.
Interviewer:  Did you milk them outdoors?
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  You did.
503:  Or other time.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm And uh Where would they graze?
503:  Oh we'd have pastures {D: be installed.} These are bound you know for pasture {D: farm.}
Interviewer:  Uh huh. Do you uh do you remember clearing that? Uh Clearing a pasture?
503:  Well. Uh I remember my uncle after we moved on out {D: on our warm place} he had some cleared up like I want. We always {D: had the most in the} woods {D: down that weren't very poorly.}
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
503:  And you just put a wide fence around the whole wood you know and just turn in.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
503:  And uh He had uh he had some lie on the ground chained up And uh He could uh cut big logs 'course there wasn't no sale for them at all back then.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
503:  I was just a little kid.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
503:  And um He'd uh he'd get them logs reduction on have a log roller. I don't know I don't get it. There's no telling how many negroes come white folks too. And just have a log bring the log roller and pile these logs up you know. 'Course state fire come in an burn 'em up.
Interviewer:  Burn 'em up.
503:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 uh huh #
503:  That damn stumps stayed there until {D: we run it down.} {NW}
Interviewer:  No bulldozers.
503:  No sir no no bulldozers then.
Interviewer:  How about uh did they uh where did you keep the mules? Did you have quite a few mules this uh
503:  Kept them in the barn.
Interviewer:  uh huh and Did they have their own uh
503:  Yes. #1 {D: Safe stables} #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
503:  That's what folks called them.
Interviewer:  And your chickens did you raise chickens?
503:  Yeah. We had a hen house for them. 'Course they just got loose you know out in the yard anywhere'd they'd wanna go.
Interviewer:  What would you do if uh and old hen that had a brood of chickens?
503:  Well they they always kinda take care of them you see they uh woman folks would have a place {D: and would} they have a little fence around it something like that for them.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
503:  And then uh put 'em in the coops too you know.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
503:  Have a little chicken coop made.
Interviewer:  Did they ever call it a brooding hen? Uh
503:  Well.
Interviewer:  What was the old hen called? um
503:  Well uh in my time uh just uh just a hen.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh. #
503:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Some somebody told me uh they used to call it a brooding hen.
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Does that uh sound familiar?
503:  Well {D: I were hear that.}
Interviewer:  uh huh
503:  I have heard it.
Interviewer:  I guess uh got a brood of chickens uh
503:  #1 Yeah #
Interviewer:  #2 they call it a brood- # -ing hen. and They uh {NW} The time that you fed the animals uh Was that chore time or was it night time or how did you?
503:  We feed them. We feed them three times a day.
Interviewer:  Three times.
503:  Yes. Every morning. mm-hmm Then in the night.
Interviewer:  uh huh Did you say that was chore time or how did you say?
503:  No that that is time for us to eat you know and we just feed the mules right before we eat.
Interviewer:  I see.
503:  {NW}
Interviewer:  They got the preference huh?
503:  Yeah. {NW} {NW}
Interviewer:  Um Do you remember any wild hogs around? uh
503:  Well. Uh There was a fella who went across the creek from us and uh he he was uh had wild hogs come up and out of the field once or twice. He had uh a big place down and he's got to turn them hogs out you know so once in a while they'd come up that home
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
503:  just keep rolling around in the water you know getting all wet.
Interviewer:  Did they have a mark on them so that you know who they were?
503:  No. You know they
Interviewer:  {X}
503:  some of them mighta had some of them didn't.
Interviewer:  Do you remember when the uh fence law came in or no? uh
503:  Yes sir. Yeah I remember a little something about it. Uh Before we had no {D: sad fence} law uh people were tryna uh you know just {X} and letting them graze but have this fence law come into hand where everybody had to put 'em up and um fix a fence for 'em.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
503:  Keep 'em out of the road.
Interviewer:  What kind of fences did they make? uh
503:  Wide fence.
Interviewer:  They did. Do you remember the old time fence?
503:  Yes sir. I I remember seeing one then.
Interviewer:  uh huh
503:  They uh they would split the rails I'd say about uh anywhere from ten to twelve feet long. And uh They were as big as my arm or bigger. And they would uh stack 'em up that way and then just keep on on and on and just keep wrapping the fence around them.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
503:  Do what they wanted to.
Interviewer:  I think you told me the other day that uh you had heard it called a worm fence. uh
503:  Well uh I thought that maybe that was a worm fence you was talking about.
Interviewer:  uh huh
503:  A rail fence that's what I've always called it.
Interviewer:  Uh huh And uh Then uh after the rails went out the uh wire came in?
503:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh what kind of wire? Uh
503:  Barbed wire.
Interviewer:  Was it
503:  Barbed wire mostly.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
503:  #2 {X} # Yeah. And more wire then come in. Barbed wire they call it.
Interviewer:  Did you cut your own? uh Do you think you could tell me how you get the uh what you put in the ground to string the wire on? Uh
503:  Posts. Posts. Yeah You'd uh you'd set your post and then you'd spread your wire. Brace your corner post about where you wanted to pull it from. If it's a long {X} 'course you had to put some pieces in there you know to to raise your post
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
503:  if you want it to pull far.
Interviewer:  The wire probably weighed weighed quite a bit {X}
503:  #1 Yeah it uh #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
503:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
503:  I I don't I don't really know what a coil of wire would weigh.
Interviewer:  And uh it really would stop the animals?
503:  Oh yeah yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh And while we're talking about fences I uh I was wondering did you ever have a smaller fence say around the yard or the garden?
503:  I don't know that I ever had except a uh if you had a a what you call it {D: grow up 'bout just uh} {X}
Interviewer:  mm-hmm Did you ever hear
503:  {X}
Interviewer:  What do you call 'em a paling or uh
503:  Hedge hedge fence.
Interviewer:  Hedge fence.
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Uh
503:  That that'll just grow up out of the ground you know some people are just keep 'em trimmed up you know and make a fence out of them that away.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm Uh ya ever hear of a picket fence or a paling fence?
503:  Yeah. Yeah.
Interviewer:  And uh I guess they they're short
503:  Short pieces about uh about anywhere from three to four feet long of identical size according to how high you want it.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm
503:  and uh They just uh put it in there between the wires in the bottom and top and just have a little slack between them.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm I would uh keep chickens out so they stay-
503:  Yes sir. {NW} {NW}
Interviewer:  {X} Do you remember anything about uh sheep very much? Did they go
503:  Well I I didn't have 'em. We we never raised no sheep. Uh I can't tell you very much about them. I've seen 'em.
Interviewer:  Did uh What do they call a female? uh They call a a male a buck I guess right? uh
503:  Yeah I believe I believe that's a buck. And I I don't remember what they call a female.
Interviewer:  Somebody uh said it was called a ewe.
503:  Might have been.
Interviewer:  Or a ewe.
503:  Ewe I guess.
Interviewer:  Ewe huh?
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Uh huh. And uh Heard you had so much cotton and I suppose you didn't uh
503:  That's that's right.
Interviewer:  You didn't need much wool.
503:  That's right.
Interviewer:  Remember having any clothes made out of of out of wool? Or not uh
503:  No I don't. I believe I do.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm Believe somebody told me that uh you never liked it because uh the cotton was smooth on your skin you #1 know? #
503:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  The other would uh #1 be itchy. #
503:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
503:  #2 #
Interviewer:  um Talking about uh hogs. They uh Would you could you explain uh how how you went through uh uh killing the hogs? uh How how you'd do that?
503:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  get out of it?
503:  {X} Well. When you get ready to kill hogs you you go out there and fetch you two and two or three buckets of water. And the next thing is well if you wanted to keep 'em hot you'd put uh {D: damming} pool what you call a {D: damming} pool uh to hang 'em up on you know when you got them clean. and uh {X} {NW} and uh Then you take them in and uh Kill 'em in front of the smokehouse maybe uh do it right there. You could kill them in front of the smokehouse it's cut them up salt them down and have them in the smokehouse salting them down of course.
Interviewer:  How did you kill them? uh
503:  Shoot them or knock them in the head once.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm Then uh What would you do with the water? uh You said you needed the pots of water?
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And you'd uh
503:  Well you'd take that water out then and put it in the {D: scalding bath} what we call the {D: scalding down} and then you'd put them hogs in that with that water and scald them you see and the hair would come off good.
Interviewer:  Oh I see.
503:  Yeah. You'd have uh something for the floor to drag them out of that bath on and then clean 'em {D: in the house} you know and then hang 'em up.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm And uh What do you call that hairs on the back stands up when you get mad? uh
503:  Well. I don't know what you call it it's just hairs is all I know. #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh huh did they ever call it # bristle? Or
503:  Yeah or about bristles too.
Interviewer:  Uh huh. And how about those big teeth? that uh
503:  {D: that is a lushies}
Interviewer:  {X} and While we're talking about this uh I wonder if if you'd explain the different kinds of meat that you get from a hog. What would you use? Uh
503:  Well uh We would use the short and the ham we would use all of the hog uh except uh a lot of folks cooked giblets out of the guts you know.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm.
503:  A lot of folks cooked ham but uh I never I never went for that much. {NW}
Interviewer:  Did uh did you ever use the entrails for uh sausage?
503:  No.
Interviewer:  How would you keep the sausage?
503:  Well uh I'd heard of them you'd uh you'd put the sausage then use that sausage.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
503:  But uh I don't think I've ever done that.
Interviewer:  Mm-hmm. Somebody said they had a a sausage uh machine or maker or something and they they could ram the meat right into the
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  {D: fill up}
503:  {D: sausage sausage} mills.
Interviewer:  Mill?
503:  Used to grind it.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
503:  I've got one at home now.
Interviewer:  Have you?
503:  {X} {X}
Interviewer:  uh huh
503:  And uh
Interviewer:  That's worth keeping.
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Uh
503:  Yeah you're right.
Interviewer:  Do your children have an interest in it? Uh
503:  No.
Interviewer:  Do your children have an interest in uh
503:  No so they they don't have a They've never raised no hogs now and uh I haven't in the last several years.
Interviewer:  Yeah.
503:  {NW} and um The mill's just there.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
503:  And They they don't {X}
Interviewer:  uh huh
503:  {X}
Interviewer:  I see yeah. Saw too much of it.
503:  Oh yeah. Course now anything that uh anybody's not used to you know? uh If people would
Interviewer:  I think that's right
503:  try it for them
Interviewer:  Right. And uh Did you make anything out of the hog's head? uh
503:  You could you could eat that head. And a lot of folks eat the brains.
Interviewer:  uh huh Ever hear of hog's head cheese?
503:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Or souse #1 cheese? #
503:  #2 I have # heard of them yeah you can make souse out of them too.
Interviewer:  uh huh But you never did.
503:  No. No uh I never did.
Interviewer:  How about the uh organs? The uh lungs and the liver and
503:  Well. #1 That's uh #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
503:  The lungs now that that mighta been thrown away but the liver is is for good and some people like that I believe.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm I uh Somebody uh talked about liver and lights and I'm not sure what they what they mean.
503:  Well. Th-they've got the two uh lights that th-they {X} Some people
Interviewer:  That's some part of the in- #1 side. #
503:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  {X} You ever hear of haslet?
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear of uh the word haslet? There's supposed to be uh the lungs and the heart and the liver and everything in there.
503:  I don't know uh
Interviewer:  It's called a haslet somebody said. {X}
503:  Oh. Mighta been.
Interviewer:  uh huh uh As I travel around the country I I pick up these words
503:  #1 Yeah I bet. #
Interviewer:  #2 so then that's # the reason I wanna ask you about it.
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Some of them may not have been used here.
503:  Ever.
Interviewer:  #1 Used in Georgia but not #
503:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  not here And uh If a um So I wanted to ask you about sausage {D: gender.} Do you ever hear of blood sausage or liver sausage or?
503:  I uh I don't think I have. uh You trim its meat get uh little fat in it and uh most of it's lean and you put it in a tub then that is what we used to do it
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
503:  and uh some old some woman there that {D: lived in in New Howe} would uh go ahead and put the salt and pepper to it you know.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm
503:  And then we'd get in there with our hands you know work them good and uh get it mixed up together good.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm And when you crush it in the mill
503:  Yeah. Well uh That that was go through the mill before we done that.
Interviewer:  #1 Oh? #
503:  #2 And then # after you done that then were we'd flip the sacks.
Interviewer:  I see.
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And so Salt it then?
503:  You could salt it yes.
Interviewer:  uh huh
503:  That that would be easy. Smoked sausage.
Interviewer:  uh huh Well that sounds good doesn't it?
503:  Yeah. {NW}
Interviewer:  And it had a long layer- what's that fat meat along the side? uh
503:  {D: That's pig lard.}
Interviewer:  {D: Pig larding?} And and real fat
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  below there. That'd be uh um could you yeah There's something that look like uh bacon or {D: streepaleen} or something like that?
503:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Alright. That were coming from the
503:  That's that comes from the {D: the villagey.} We call it the middlings of between the shoulders and the hands.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm.
503:  That's what's called the middlings.
Interviewer:  All along the side.
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  And the tenderloins being the most
503:  The tender the tenderloins are it's um aren't too bad. But they're on the inside and uh
Interviewer:  They're on the inside.
503:  Yeah. They they are. A big kinda big around I lined them up to my wrist now and just rolled one end to the other.
Interviewer:  I see. And uh When a uh When a uh sow is gonna have s- have a litter what did you say uh I think the old sow's where
503:  Have pigs 'fore long.
Interviewer:  #1 Have pigs? uh huh #
503:  #2 {NW} Yes. #
Interviewer:  How about a cow? Uh
503:  uh She was gonna have a calf.
Interviewer:  Ah you say she's gonna drop a calf?
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Or uh
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Wonder how you say that.
503:  Drop a calf or have a calf. Either way.
Interviewer:  Uh huh. And uh How about the dogs that you remember? Did you have any dogs around?
503:  Oh yeah we we had some dogs all {D: all were all hounds or the like.} But uh I don't remember too much about them. uh I do know That dogs are mighty good in place.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm mm-hmm Did you have a little dog that made a lot of noise? uh Real nervous? uh
503:  Well I I never did own one I don't think but I've seen a lot of people that did.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm. Did they call them feist?
503:  Feist.
Interviewer:  And uh. And A dog that uh doesn't amount to very much uh what would you call him? All different
503:  Uh I don't know uh I guess a bunch of different things {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh huh. And The uh Could you tell me how you used to call the different uh animals? Call the pigs call the cows?
503:  Well Uh Well the hogs never did have no name you just say woo or something like that and uh they they would come.
Interviewer:  Woo
503:  and uh Cows you'd say sook sook sook. 'Course they had names
Interviewer:  I see.
503:  most of 'em especially the milk cows. and uh
Interviewer:  How'd you get the mules to uh come up uh to the barn?
503:  You could have {D: farm} called them.
Interviewer:  #1 Whistle ah #
503:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #1 #
503:  #2 #
Interviewer:  And uh Same with the horses? Uh
503:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh huh. How'd you call the chickens?
503:  Chick chick chick chick.
Interviewer:  They know uh
503:  Yes. {X}
Interviewer:  If uh when you took a calf away from a cow what was the noise they used to make?
503:  Well they they used to haul a cow and get on up uh if it's take one away kinda young especially and if they if they weighed him he got pretty good size. He'd he'd haul maybe as one night a day.
Interviewer:  Would he?
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Ah.
503:  long as you get that mama.
Interviewer:  {NW} What were the uh when the cow hands her back?
503:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  so and How about the uh horses when they were about ready to feed? What did you call that noise they make? Uh a sniffle noise. If they were ready to eat.
503:  Well uh I don't know if {X} {X}
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear any Did you ever describe the noise they make as a as a knicker? #1 {X} #
503:  #2 Yeah um they'd they'd they'd make it a whole lot #
Interviewer:  #1 #
503:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Now maybe I don't know what that is. uh I think
503:  {NW: imitates horse knicker}
Interviewer:  I #1 see. #
503:  #2 Something like that. #
Interviewer:  Kinda quiet uh
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And uh not uh uh loud.
503:  Well some of them do.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
503:  #2 Some of some of 'em do. #
Speaker Unclear:  {X}
Interviewer:  Would mean that
503:  Now we used to have a mule. That's when the second time she brayed {X} #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
503:  She'd throw her head up and holler. Bray.
Interviewer:  {D: See oh go 'head}
503:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  She uh she seemed to be able to
503:  Yeah. Know just exactly what time it was.
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
503:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  That's what uh Those are the things I really appreciate you telling me #1 be- #
503:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  cause that's
503:  {NW}
Interviewer:  something that uh most people don't know you know?
503:  That's right.
Interviewer:  Understand. Do ya she had a built-in time clock huh?
503:  Sir?
Interviewer:  Uh uh uh the old mule had a #1 built-in time clock #
503:  #2 Yeah! Oh yeah. #
Interviewer:  right?
503:  Yes sir. It's uh old um lot of them was hollow. And horses and knickers were not. Long about another time ago but uh This this particular mule five old years {X}
Interviewer:  How wonderful. Yeah.
503:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Um. Did you uh did you ride a horse bareback when you were a boy?
503:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  All right. How old were you when you got a saddle?
503:  Well. I don't know if I ever did exactly. uh 'Course uh the hoard of them had a saddle and uh we we'd ride the horse back to as kids you know until we'd steal one of their saddles {X} {NW}
Interviewer:  I see. I um In a large family I don't suppose you could have saddles for every-.
503:  No uh
Interviewer:  Everybody uh
503:  {X}
Interviewer:  Uh huh. Did you um Did you have uh when you had a saddle uh what'd you call the things you held to in the horse's mouth?
503:  The bits. The reins.
Interviewer:  The reins?
503:  #1 Right. Reins. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} # Uh huh and uh By the way uh uh somebody showed me uh a lot of different kinds of bits uh mule bits
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  and uh one kind was it was like this except it had a weight in it and he said that you had an armory mule, that's what you had to use. #1 Is that right? #
503:  #2 {NW} # Well you right about that.
Interviewer:  Um. Would you uh Did you ever use it on any of the animals?
503:  No I never did use any of them I don't think except uh I might have used one draw bit a few times. Now last that was uh a bit before and then pull back and you could you pull it out and then go in. And uh Add add uh fragment rings on up to his mouth that a way.
Interviewer:  You got a patient man.
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  I see. I never saw one of those.
503:  Well I I have I I've seen them um.
Interviewer:  I uh Would would that be for uh mean uh
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  mean horse?
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Uh huh. {X} You know those those things are uh they're lost now and
503:  #1 That's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
503:  #1 You right about that. #
Interviewer:  #2 {X} #
503:  I haven't seen one like that in a long time. Now I know they used to make a big bit then oh it's as big around as my thumb I reckon. uh Even a horse knows uh gets sore on his mouth on his mouth and and they can't {X}
Interviewer:  I see so it wouldn't be so hard on a
503:  That's right.
Interviewer:  Uh huh. well this uh It's interesting the different kinds of
503:  {NW}
Interviewer:  scenery. I uh This man had a whole collection of 'em and I uh I took pictures of them. But uh that draw bit's new and me I never
503:  #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 never heard that. #
503:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 # Um. How 'bout. the uh things that you put in your put your feet in? Did you have uh {X} Get up a horse in the saddle and then
503:  Stirrups.
Interviewer:  Stirrups?
503:  Stirrups yes.
Interviewer:  uh huh And in cold weather did you uh have anything in the stirrup to keep your feet warm? uh
503:  Well. Some folks did and some folks didn't. It's just uh I've I've seen them People use them in the summer time. Just uh the stirrup covered over you know on the front end part of it. Have to keep your foot from going on too far in the stirrup.
Interviewer:  And just keep warm right?
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Did you ever heat a stone or anything and put in or not? uh
503:  Well uh I don't know that I ever did that on a
Interviewer:  Uh huh.
503:  saddle. Uh I have {D: had bricken} put it in a buggy. Something like that. Going a long ways.
Interviewer:  And They uh you remember oxen at all? Um.
503:  I remember a little something about them. Not very much.
Interviewer:  I wish you'd tell me but uh
503:  {NW}
Interviewer:  {X}
503:  Well. There's a They would probably used to {X} But anyway used to {X} And I think about wonder wonder if some of them some were teens at that time.
Interviewer:  Hmm.
503:  And we of course had different drivers. And uh six and eight used caution you know
Interviewer:  That right?
503:  one way.
Interviewer:  It musta been a powerful thing to see.
503:  Yeah. Yeah it's day we were 45.
Interviewer:  And {NS} When you uh Would you tell me uh just to give somebody uh and idea who doesn't know anything about it uh how you'd used to get the horses ready and get them hooked up to the wagon? and {X}
503:  Well. The first thing you do you'd go in the stables and put the bridles on them and then you'd bring them to the {D: geldroom} then and {D: tie 'em off and} break 'em and {X} hitch 'em up to the wagon or the plow which one you're going to.
Interviewer:  If you had a wagon uh Uh what did you call the thing that came up between the The horses uh
503:  {D: tump}
Interviewer:  That's the {D: tump}?
503:  Tump? Yeah.
Interviewer:  And with a buggy if you had just one horse uh
503:  {D: The chay}
Interviewer:  {X} and uh if uh Do you remember anything called a singletree?
503:  Yes sir. That's what you hook 'em to.
Interviewer:  And uh that's that's right before you get you get 'em hooked to the
503:  Yeah that that's uh that's onto the wagon or the buggy you want. Treble tree I believe is what it's called on the buggy. It's a singletree on the wagon. And you back 'em up to it and and hitches up {X} into their tongue And then uh go back out there and hope they're straight.
Interviewer:  I see. I see. Uh If you had a singletree here and a singletree there then would you hook those two into something?
503:  No. You would uh you'd have the two center trees on a doubletree and that's going to help pin down through their tongue in the middle of the doubletree. And they'd use #1 a single #
Interviewer:  #2 I see. #
503:  tree to be on each end you see.
Interviewer:  I see.
503:  And so you'd back both horses back up to the singletree and hope it {D: trays} easier.
Interviewer:  I see.
503:  #1 And then you'd #
Interviewer:  #2 And then uh # the doubletree would be on the tongue like #1 this. #
503:  #2 Yes. # Yes.
Interviewer:  I see.
503:  That's right.
Interviewer:  Uh huh. That's interesting. Um. And they uh When you had reins uh you were riding in a saddle but uh if you were on a buggy you'd #1 have #
503:  #2 That's # That's right lines.
Interviewer:  Lines?
503:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  And uh um You say a team of uh you said a team of mules or a pair of mules? How did they used to talk about that?
503:  Team or pair either one.
Interviewer:  Either one?
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  And uh How would you uh tell the mule to get going?
503:  Sir?
Interviewer:  How would you tell the mule to to get going?
503:  You'd have uh horse leather on
Interviewer:  Yeah? And then
503:  {NW: Imitates noise}
Interviewer:  Oh And did you did you need anything to #1 {X} #
503:  #2 Yeah uh oh #
Interviewer:  #1 #
503:  #2 # People used to have a whip all the time {D: reckon}
Interviewer:  {X} Do they use that mostly for noise or did they actually uh
503:  No they'd they'd hit 'em.
Interviewer:  They would?
503:  'Course they could keep sea grass on it you know to make it pop
Interviewer:  Uh huh
503:  They there got along then. Was alright.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
503:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Now let's That's another new one. I I didn't know that. The sea gr- sea grass
503:  Uh what?
Interviewer:  Uh sea grass I didn't uh #1 know about that #
503:  #2 Oh yes. # Oh yes. The sea grass
Interviewer:  Did you have a
503:  It uh {D: plapped uh} {X} doing work you know? So when you work 'em you'd hit a mule with that and it would and it'd pop.
Interviewer:  I see. And probably the noise'd scare 'em #1 as much as any- #
503:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  thing.
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And uh The {NS} how would you keep the uh winding wheels from Sweden? uh uh
503:  Well you'd have to keep 'em greased actually.
Interviewer:  It uh
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  That Did you ever hear anybody use a towel for that?
Speaker Unclear:  {X}
Interviewer:  Did you ever hear anybody use a towel if they couldn't uh
503:  Well I I think I've heard of it.
Interviewer:  Uh huh have you?
503:  I never did uh I never did use in it.
Interviewer:  Oh yeah?
503:  Now we used to always come to town everyday and so we greased our wagon every morning.
Interviewer:  You did?
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Uh huh. How would you get it on? um
503:  Just take the tap off pull a wheel out smear it on there. {X}
Interviewer:  You'd have to pull a wheel off every- #1 day #
503:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  huh?
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Uh huh. Well that's It's uh not as uh easy easy as an automobile is it?
503:  That's right. {NW}
Interviewer:  Yeah what a a nuisance to take four wheels off #1 everyday. #
503:  #2 That's right. #
Interviewer:  #1 {X} #
503:  #2 You're right about that #
Interviewer:  #1 #
503:  #2 #
Interviewer:  Uh.
503:  Well you just pull them out you don't want to take them on off. And uh Well you could get back up in there too. 'Course whenever it got hot you know uh it would run all over.
Interviewer:  Work in
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  out.
503:  Actually.
Interviewer:  uh huh The uh different kinds uh different parts of the wheel you start out at the hub I guess #1 Right? #
503:  #2 Yes sir. #
Interviewer:  Be over the axle.
503:  Yup.
Interviewer:  And then there's spokes
503:  Spokes. And then The uh feather feather I think and a tire.
Interviewer:  I see. How do they get the tire uh to stay on?
503:  Well. They uh they used to bolt them on.
Interviewer:  Oh they did.
503:  Yes. Well through your feather and the tire. And then uh just wrap it.
Interviewer:  #1 I see. #
503:  #2 {X} #
Interviewer:  uh huh Remember your first automobile?
503:  Yeah. Yeah. An old Ford.
Interviewer:  Was it?
503:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh huh. What uh Could you tell me about it? What uh
503:  Well it was a Ford and uh I won't have a flash one I'm afraid of that. {NW} {NW} So I got her some with the curtains on it. And uh I kept that a good long time. I don't know how many years it was running. And then I'd thought I'd swap it for a {X} {X}
Interviewer:  #1 Uh huh. #
503:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  But uh You though the uh curtains would be safer?
503:  Yeah. I thought the curtains would be safer.
Interviewer:  And
Speaker Unclear:  {X}
Interviewer:  How uh Do you uh What did you have inside the I guess you put the the air you don't put the air in the tire itself you put it in a in a tube? Is that uh inside the #1 tire? #
503:  #2 Yeah. # Yeah. You put that in the tube just like you do now.
Interviewer:  Uh huh.
503:  And uh You put that tube in the tire and fill it up with air.
Interviewer:  I guess they weren't too good. When they first came out.
503:  Well uh I I don't imagine it was. I don't remember all about how good it was.
Interviewer:  Well somebody told me that uh I think it was the tube that uh kept going down you know? #1 Well it could get messed #
503:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  up thirty times in thirty miles.
503:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Gathering snow. Uh how about the different roads that you remember? Uh.
503:  Well. They used used to have a {X} And dirt roads together.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm.
503:  And uh. You you didn't uh used to you didn't know what black top roads was. Now I have to do the work and plow 'em. All that black top {D: bad mouth}
Interviewer:  Did ya?
503:  {X} {X} Hasn't been done. Well I was about uh seventeen eighteen I guess when I worked on the streets.
Interviewer:  Did you tell me that your uncle was overseer or #1 was it your grandfather? #
503:  #2 No, it my daddy. #
Interviewer:  Oh your father?
503:  #1 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh huh. #
503:  #1 #
Interviewer:  #2 #
503:  #1 He would al- #
Interviewer:  #2 So #
503:  {D: The old overseer} {X} My uncle seen after the farm.
Interviewer:  The watch.
503:  And uh. My daddy {X} Uncle John was just an old bachelor so he just stayed with us
Interviewer:  I see.
503:  that whole time and uh we we were on that thing and just just go to him for it than our daddy for it.
Interviewer:  John? Part of the family.
503:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  uh huh
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  And uh how would your uh How would that road work be handled? Would you tell me more about that?
503:  Well.
Interviewer:  How would he get help?
503:  He'd just well uh they'd just uh just get on a horse or a buggy one and ride around and if you uh as {D: Fooling} to wipe the road well they'd tell you be outside on a certain morning. Tomorrow morning or the day after tomorrow. They'd usually give them I think about three days. I think {X} And uh. You had to be twenty-one before you'd be allowed to work the road. And uh. And them days they had just like I tell ya the other day they had uh steel drag with handles on 'em. And uh. {X} from each side of it after the {X} They'd clean the ditches out that way.
Interviewer:  I see. uh huh
503:  And uh. Then it wasn't too long then 'til {D: When raiders come in.} And you just had to wait on that you see and four wheels and uh two big wheels you'd have then and four men to work 'em. To put it in the ground and take it out. And uh it'd take
Interviewer:  Go up and down like #1 this? #
503:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  Um.
503:  It'd take about six mules to pull that you see.
Interviewer:  That big?
503:  Oh yeah. That's that's You got on back then where I sat now.
Interviewer:  I see.
503:  {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh did the {D: dwight} um Was the dwight straight across?
503:  No that
Interviewer:  Or was he
503:  you you could you could till the days away
Interviewer:  I see uh.
503:  you yeah.
Interviewer:  You're down in #1 this #
503:  #2 Yeah. #
Interviewer:  way. Did um If it uh if this was the road going this way and the blade went this way
503:  That's right.
Interviewer:  Uh then you'd go up and down like this?
503:  That's right. I'll uh used uh it just keep it kinda level as far as you could as as much as you could and uh got this this low end pull it out into the rood you see. And then they they could uh they could change the spot then and uh just kinda flatten it out in all the roads you see.
Interviewer:  I see. Um. Uh if it was if the blade went like this did they ever say that was {D: anagoddling?}
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Is that right?
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Uh. Which meant it was on a good angle?
503:  That's right. That #1 That's right. #
Interviewer:  #2 Uh huh. #
503:  That's right.
Interviewer:  I see. And uh. Did uh Did you ever did ya have any kind of uh way of keeping the dust down on the road?
503:  No sir. No. Dust. You'd get dust {D: Everywhere.}
Interviewer:  Uh huh.
503:  Dust it'll miss you. {NW}
Interviewer:  You know uh why I wouldn't like that.
503:  No. No there be only one way to keep dust down and that is rain.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm. And uh. Did you use um Did old time cotters did they burn a lot of oil? Or. Or uh.
503:  Well. I I don't I don't remember.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm Did you get the oil from and the gas from the same place?
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  uh huh
503:  Most of the time.
Interviewer:  I remember uh those old gas pumps with the uh glass.
503:  Yeah.
Speaker Unclear:  {X}
Interviewer:  Yes um #1 I remember the #
503:  #2 {NW} #
Interviewer:  Glass. I guess they siphoned it off.
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  {X} And if you had a little road say from your house to a neighbor uh it wasn't a public road. Would you that a a lane? or uh
503:  Just a by road.
Interviewer:  Just a by road?
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Uh huh. And you have to take care of that yourself.
503:  Oh yeah. Oh yeah. {NW}
Interviewer:  What what'd you do if you got stuck in the mud? Did someone pull
503:  Well. {NW}
Interviewer:  Uh would you
503:  Get a team. Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh.
503:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Uh.
503:  I got stuck a million times when we were at my place down there. Go to the house and harness up a team and come and pull me out that night.
Interviewer:  I see.
503:  {NW}
Interviewer:  You use the kids to get out?
503:  That's right.
Interviewer:  Uh do you have a
503:  {X} The last few years uh almost time to get it gravel {X} My wife was sick. She thinks a little bit sick six years. But uh I got I paid for graveling the first time. And the counters they've been keeping it up ever since. Up until I reckon this year. Uh. The counters I spoke to {NW} {X} Over my ditches now.
Interviewer:  I see. They uh they uh did they you live off a kinda lane? Is that
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Uh.
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  About how far is that? Uh
503:  Oh it's {X}
Interviewer:  Oh is that right?
503:  Uh yeah.
Interviewer:  Takes a lot of gravel.
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm. So you you had to pay for it yourself?
503:  Yeah. Had had to pay for it the first time I know.
Interviewer:  Uh. The old days if uh somebody tried to do some {X} do some work around the the barn or the house and it wasn't very good. He wasn't trained for it. He wasn't a real carpenter. What would you call him? Say well he's a
503:  {D: Jack-leg} #1 {NW} #
Interviewer:  #2 He's a Jack-leg carpenter? # Uh huh. Um. I meant uh just to know what he was.
503:  That's right.
Interviewer:  Uh huh. Did you ever hear the uh would you ever call say a preacher or a lawyer a jack-leg uh preacher?
503:  Yeah. I have heard them called that. Now I might have myself {NW}
Interviewer:  What uh Would that mean that they uh they just didn't have much training?
503:  That's right.
Interviewer:  Ah. {X} Good.
503:  I just count the lawyers one of them. {X}
Interviewer:  Hmm.
503:  {NW}
Interviewer:  And the lawyer wouldn't be dishonest he just #1 would be uh #
503:  #2 That's right. # That's right.
Interviewer:  wouldn't be very good. Uh huh.
503:  I don't know know that we'd have very much {X} to do with lawyers.
Interviewer:  They uh You worked around the farm and you put a piece of uh a log in something that looked like this. What did you call this thing now? That ya put a log in in the thing to hold it up just so you could saw it? Uh.
503:  So do what?
Interviewer:  So you could saw it?
503:  Well that was a rack.
Interviewer:  That's a rack?
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Uh huh.
503:  Yeah that uh you make racks. And uh. We uh. Wood up in there you see and saw it. That that is a rack.
Interviewer:  {X}
503:  Hold rack.
Interviewer:  Hold it tight
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  so you could uh
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  Uh huh. And uh If you had something that looked like an A frame so that two of them so you could uh put a plank across uh
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  would that be a a rack or a horse? Or
503:  Well I guess it would. Be a horse I guess.
Interviewer:  And uh How did you used to uh how'd you use to shave when you first started shaving? Uh
503:  {NW} Well you put the lather on your face and warm water
Interviewer:  Uh huh.
503:  Take a rag. Dab it. Wash it a little bit. Put some more lather on it and start shaving.
Interviewer:  Uh huh. And do you work it in with your hands? Or
503:  Yeah. Well a brush mostly.
Interviewer:  I see. Uh huh. How'd you keep your razor sharp?
503:  Well. {X} time I grown up uh they had those little blade edges you know. {X} razors and you had a brush. I mean um {D: shrap}
Interviewer:  Uh huh.
503:  and you'd sharpen it on that.
Interviewer:  Whether uh whether thing you just keep
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Uh huh. How 'bout uh knives in the kitchen? How would you keep them sharp?
503:  Well. Most of the time they had a little rock to buy you know and wash the stick up in the kitchen and what you call a Myers Sharpener.
Interviewer:  Where could that
503:  {X}
Interviewer:  How about an uh an axe? How would you get that?
503:  Well you had a a grind stone uh and a wand put that on that.
Interviewer:  They uh Now the rock in the kitchen would that be uh uh wet rock?
503:  Well I don't know whether you'd call it a wet rock or not but anyway there's two little rocks that are made close together {X} stuck out that a way you know and so you put it in there. You just just a little flat thing you could lay on the
Interviewer:  I see.
503:  tack on the wall somewhere.
Interviewer:  mm-hmm. Um. And {NW} They uh Did you have something that had two handles and a wheel that you could push around? Uh
503:  Wheel barrow.
Interviewer:  Wheel barrow?
503:  Yes sir.
Interviewer:  Oh.
503:  {NW}
Interviewer:  And {NW} The reason I ask about that is uh in Georgia they call it a Georgie Georgie Buggy.
503:  Do they?
Interviewer:  Uh huh.
503:  {NW} Uh we always called it a wheel barrow.
Interviewer:  Wheel barrow. Uh huh. And what would you uh what would you uh put in a revolver? How would you load up a revolver?
503:  Well. You could 'un-bridge it. And uh take the bullets out and stick them in there.
Interviewer:  Uh huh. Did you uh did you have a revolver most of the time or did ya have shot guns? Or what kinda guns?
503:  Well. I never did have neither one {X}
Interviewer:  mm-hmm.
503:  Um. I bought my boy a rifle after he got of some size and uh this rifle {X}
Interviewer:  You didn't care much for guns.
503:  No.
Interviewer:  Oh.
503:  No I didn't ever care much for guns.
Interviewer:  And so {NW} How did you get a talking about fences uh how would you drive a stake in the ground? What would you use?
503:  Well. You could uh you could use a sludge hammer {C: I know he's talking about a sledge hammer but he pronounces it "Sludge" so I'm going to leave it like that.} and where the ground was soft and uh sharpen it a little bit. I bet you could uh take a post over and dig that hole.
Interviewer:  Oh.
503:  And that's the way most of us done.
Interviewer:  Oh I see. Rather than driving it in
503:  Yes.
Interviewer:  you just uh
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  dig it out. Um. And uh
503:  {X}
Interviewer:  I see. You uh ever make uh a mallet?
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  Did ya? Uh huh.
503:  Yeah. I been stripping posts and make them bluff. That's what we'd call it. And then uh a mole is what we call that.
Interviewer:  A mole.
503:  Mole. And uh. {X} {C: Mole or maul?} To hit that wooden piece with. Instead of using a sludge hammer.
Interviewer:  I see. Uh. And the maul would be made out of wood
503:  Oh yeah. Yes.
Interviewer:  I see. Um. Would you tell me about uh how you get uh land ready to to clear? Uh say you've used to clear something {X} and uh. Oh. How would you uh I guess most people want a clear bottom. Is that right? Uh.
503:  Yeah.
Interviewer:  {X}
503:  Well you went in and cut the undergrowth and piled it up and maybe burn it. Uh. And uh. Then you'd as I told you a while ago then you'd go back in there and saw them trees down saw 'em up into the length of the stuff you wanted to {X} and just keep them log roller. {X} {X} The people come in there for that log roller you know?
Interviewer:  That that was kind of a you wouldn't hire another
503:  Oh no. They'd they'd just uh flock in there.
Interviewer:  I see.
503:  Which one is the best man I reckon.
Interviewer:  I see.
503:  {NW} {X} {X} {X}
Interviewer:  Ah.