Interviewer: As you ordinarily talk. 503: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 If you would # uh count up to twenty say and I'll watch this and see how it's recording okay? 503: One two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty. Interviewer: Okay. And would you say the days of the week? Uh Sunday Monday 503: Day's day's Thursday ain't it? Interviewer: That's right. If you just start with Sunday and 503: Just Sunday? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday. Interviewer: Alright sir the months of the year and then 503: But I don't remember that. Interviewer: Uh just January February. um Just in your ordinary voice. uh 503: January February March April May June July and August September October November December. Interviewer: Alright sir. This has um a needle here and as you talk the needle moves back and forth and #1 I can tell whether it's re- # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: recording or not. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: I think this will be fine. Okay and first thing I'd like to ask is uh is it cool enough in here for you? 503: Yes it's alright by #1 me. # Interviewer: #2 I'd # be glad to turn that #1 on though. # 503: #2 It # it'll be alright for me. Interviewer: Alright sir. 503: Either way {D: I'm not gonna do anything.} Interviewer: Well let's let's see if it's um 503: {NW} Interviewer: Open these up a little bit {NS} Should cool off I think in a hurry here. Uh So you say you're you grew up um in um in the county right? 503: Yes sir. Haywood county. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Can you hear me all right? uh 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Alright if uh I I don't want you to be on uh strings. 503: #1 No I I that's alright I'll I'll get back when I get ready. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # #1 Alright. # 503: #2 {NW} # {X} Interviewer: You were leaning back when uh #1 {X} # 503: #2 Yes # sir. Interviewer: Just relax. I can um 503: That's alright. Interviewer: Tell you I can sit here you just #1 you just lay on it # 503: #2 Alright. # Interviewer: and uh use this. So you were born in Haywood County about how far from uh Brownsville? 503: Bout eight or ten miles. Interviewer: Uh huh. uh 503: And number eight district born then they've changed it up now. I don't know what it is. Interviewer: The streets. Eight or ten miles. And was it back in this direction? 503: {X} No north of Brownsville. Interviewer: North. And you're 82? 503: 82 will be last that July. Interviewer: And you're been a farmer all your life? 503: Yes. Interviewer: And {NW} your religion? 503: Baptist. Interviewer: Baptist. And uh and uh Did you get a chance to go to school very much #1 when you were a boy? # 503: #2 Not very much # no Interviewer: 'Bout how many years? uh 503: Well I don't know about it. I got in the fourth grade I had to go live in {D: Dahlonega.} Fourth grade. Interviewer: That was in the county? 503: Yes. Interviewer: And do you happen to remember where your mother and father were born? 503: Well I guess they were born in Haywood County too. Interviewer: Oh. And they didn't get a chance to go to school very #1 much? # 503: #2 Not # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 very much. # No. Interviewer: Uh and they were part of the farm #1 {X} # 503: #2 {X} # Interviewer: mm-hmm Do you have any recollection of your grandparents? 503: #1 No sir don't have very recollection of them talking # Interviewer: #2 I see. Uh huh. # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # And your wife? Is she living? 503: No sir she's been dead just for six years. Interviewer: #1 Uh huh. # 503: #2 six years # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: And how old was she when she died? 503: She was about uh 72 or 3 I guess. Interviewer: She was a Baptist too? 503: Yes. Interviewer: And did she get grow up on a farm? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: So she had about the same education. 503: Yeah. Well no she had a little more than I did. Interviewer: Oh did she? 503: Yes. Interviewer: I guess girls could go to school easier than boys. 503: Yeah you right about that. {NW} She got out for a finish out that home and come to town a little bit but not much Interviewer: I see uh A couple years in high school? 503: No it wasn't that long. Interviewer: Oh. 503: It wasn't a year I'd reckon in high school. Interviewer: and uh What I'd like to do is ask you uh uh just to tell me what you remember about uh oh things like the different buildings that you had on the farm when you were a boy and uh where you kept the uh cattle and and uh and where you keep the tools. 503: Well. Interviewer: Things like that 503: We had uh had a barn. 'Course there's mostly mules at that time than there was cows. And uh We hard a barn now then and of course we had a house we lived in. and uh That was when I was growing up. Interviewer: mm-hmm That's what I'm interested in so. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: That's what I'm interested in so 503: Yeah. Interviewer: What you remember when you were a boy. 503: Yeah. And uh and we moved to my grandmother's place. Why we moved we moved from uh below the church house at home at that time down to, to our home place when I was young. {X} And then so we stayed there several years and then we moved across the creek then to my grandmother's place and over there's where my dad and uh my uncle both died at. Interviewer: I see. 503: They died less than 50 years old. Interviewer: Oh I see. 503: And we we felt that at that time know it uh people be getting kinda old. Interviewer: Uh 50 was pretty old. 503: Yeah. It was. Uh we we moved back over 'bout then at our home place and right we stayed there then 'til all of us married off and then uh my mother and sister then they bought a place in town and moved to town and sold that place out there. Interviewer: I see. 503: So uh That's why my Sister's in town now I guess. Interviewer: I see. 503: {NW} Interviewer: Why she's still there. uh Where did you keep the uh the hay at there that you've got? uh 503: Well. um They kept it in the barn now they had a hay shed {D: to call} it. and uh I reckon Uncle John was the first one bought a hay baler. And then in that county it's been years ago I just can't remember. Interviewer: Sure. 503: And he bought a two-horse hay baler and course you had to feed it and tie it out you know so. Now this day and time of course all you gotta do is sit up on the tractor and it will do the work. {NW} Interviewer: Hey the tractor's air-conditioned. 503: That's right. That's right. Interviewer: I wonder if uh now that you mention the baler would you tell me how you'd uh uh cut the hay and what you'd do with it? 503: Well we uh we cut it with a moor mule moor at that time and had a mule rakes. and uh They'd uh Now I I don't know I don't know too much about it before before he bought this uh baler. I {D: read} and they stack it. Interviewer: Uh huh. I've seen a lot of stacks made. Uh they cut it they stack it and 503: Yeah Interviewer: Uh 503: Well they put it in a wheat pounder {D: Wind rolling in a shop.} And then they'd they'd put it eight or ten loads maybe on a stack what you call a stack. Interviewer: I see. How would-- would they have a pole and 503: Yeah yeah they'd they'd have a pole and uh set it on the ground and then just pile hay all the way around it and on up {X} Interviewer: I see. How high would that be about? 503: Well about ten or fifteen feet high Interviewer: uh uh did you ever see anything that uh that might put holes in the ground and then some poles like this and stack hay around it? 503: I believe I have seen that. Interviewer: I wonder what that was called. 503: I don't know but uh Interviewer: uh Does a rick sound right? A hay barrow or a hay rick? {C: pronunciation as barry} 503: I don't know what it was called. Interviewer: #1 Uh huh. # 503: #2 But uh # I believe I've seen that Remember something about that Interviewer: {X} I um saw this picture in the in the commercial appeal the other day of an old hay rake uh I suppose this was the kind that you had. 503: yeah yeah Interviewer: yeah 503: {D: there} Yeah that it is Interviewer: Oh yeah This one got that one in Virginia {X} 503: {NW} Interviewer: {D: keeping that time} I was just in a commercial appeal last week. 503: Yeah that it is old old hay rake. Interviewer: uh huh and uh {NW} then Then you they they didn't start in the barn before they baled it they uh they had it out in the stack you said? 503: Well I think so. Of course they put a loose hay bale takes up a lot more room than uh baled hay will. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and uh I may have then filled up everything I could you know in the shed and uh then stacked them high. Interviewer: I see. uh do they uh where do they keep the baled hay then? uh 503: Well then they keep that in the shed. Interviewer: I see 503: {X} Interviewer: Did you ever have anything uh up under the under the under the roof of the barn? Ever keep any hay up there? 503: Well. I I guess so in uh the loft of the barn and uh hay shed together you know. There'd be a hay shed on one side maybe and a {D: log tending} barn maybe put hay over there Interviewer: I see. 503: and those bales. Interviewer: Any place uh that you can store 'em. 503: Yes. Interviewer: uh huh. And uh where did you keep the tools that you had? uh 503: Well they- they- most of them stayed outdoors #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 503: just like you do now. Interviewer: uh huh. and uh. The corn? How about that? uh 503: They had a {D: priv} to put that in. Interviewer: {X} 503: Yes. What you call a priv. Interviewer: Did you grow much wheat or oats? 503: Well there wasn't too much that was growed I I don't know that we ever growed any. Might have growed some oats Or hay something like that. Interviewer: Did uh did folks ever have anything they called a granary #1 to keep that in? uh # 503: #2 I I think I've heard of that. # Interviewer: uh huh I was wondering how they'd, how would they keep the rats out? uh #1 the the # 503: #2 Well uh # I I don't know about that. Interviewer: And They uh {NW} What animals did you have and did you have hogs? uh 503: Yes sir we had 'course we raised that {X} that at that time you know uh there wasn't nobody {D: settling in the hog department.} Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: And uh we raised our own meat and kill 'em. Interviewer: Fresh eggs? Would you tell me uh anything you remember about uh About the hogs? uh About where you keep them and uh 503: #1 Well. # Interviewer: #2 about where you kill 'em? # 503: um 'course there we was I come from a pretty good sized family and uh we always had some {D: sows to kill} and about from six to ten I reckon. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and uh After that right just before killing time a while before well we'd make a pen. About eight or ten to a pen {D: squabbling} you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: And put a floor in then put 'em on that floor. And they, people then think at that time they were fetting a hog without it on 'em {D: fold} pen Interviewer: Is that right? 503: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 uh huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # And how would they how would you feed 'em then? 503: Corn. Interviewer: Uh huh and uh 503: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 Where # where would you you just throw it in the pen #1 or # 503: #2 Yes just # throw it all in the pen. Interviewer: I see. 503: Yes. Interviewer: uh Did you have when they were in the pen how did you feed 'em? Did you have something like this? uh 503: No they uh they had maybe had a little lock there uh huh Interviewer: {D: alright} You had a trough for uh 503: No there-- well there was a watering trough they had a watering trough Interviewer: uh and uh uh wh-what did you call a {D: little} hog {D: would they hold} or not? 503: {NW} Interviewer: And how about uh how about after {D: he were} after he was fixed. What what did you call him then? 503: Barley. Interviewer: I see. um Did you do the uh did you operate on him yourself? 503: Well no I never did uh in my life work on one but uh I would have the neighbors do that for me. Interviewer: uh huh What do they call it? uh 503: Castrate. Interviewer: #1 Castrate huh? # 503: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: And uh What's a what's a shoat? and uh And what uh what do folks mean when they say shoat? uh What's a shoat, a gelder? {C: gelter?} 503: Well. That's uh that's just a shoat after you get past the pig, you know, before he gets to be a hog. Interviewer: I see. 503: Just call him a shoat. Interviewer: Uh huh. Not uh 503: You get that 75 pound to a hundred Interviewer: #1 I see. # 503: #2 Something like that. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: And the gelts did did you ever use that? uh 503: Yeah. Yeah or gelts. Interviewer: Is that the female #1 or is that a # 503: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: {D: darba?} 503: That's a female. Interviewer: Female. 503: Yes. Interviewer: I see. And uh uh I was wondering would you uh would you and your brothers and your father ever talk about a {D: boar or} around a woman when you were young or not? 503: Well. They usually use a {D: layolin} Interviewer: I see. 503: {NW} Interviewer: They're kinda embarrassed a- #1 bout it then? # 503: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: Uh huh. Uh somebody said that uh somebody told me that that it wasn't polite to #1 talk about that # 503: #2 No, it it wasn't # and it was now by Georgia's rule Interviewer: #1 Uh huh. To everybody. # 503: #2 {NW} # {NW} Interviewer: How about the male of the cattle? uh Or a horse. 503: Huh? Interviewer: uh What would you call the male of the horse? What are those? 503: Stud. Interviewer: And uh of the cattle? Uh 503: Uh he was a bull. Interviewer: Bull huh? And but you wouldn't say that in front of a woman? 503: No no you wouldn't say that no. {NW} {NW} {D: oh} Stallion and male cows something like that. Interviewer: I see. Uh stallion was okay. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: But not stud, huh? I see. It's interesting isn't it how this changed? 503: That's right. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 You're right about that. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: and uh What um Where'd you keep the cows to milk them? 503: {D: We'd keep} We kept them in the lot. And they go up to the shed and maybe if they were had one. A lot of folks didn't have one. Interviewer: Did you milk them outdoors? 503: Yes. Interviewer: You did. 503: Or other time. Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh Where would they graze? 503: Oh we'd have pastures {D: be installed.} These are bound you know for pasture {D: farm.} Interviewer: Uh huh. Do you uh do you remember clearing that? Uh Clearing a pasture? 503: Well. Uh I remember my uncle after we moved on out {D: on our warm place} he had some cleared up like I want. We always {D: had the most in the} woods {D: down that weren't very poorly.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 503: And you just put a wide fence around the whole wood you know and just turn in. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 503: And uh He had uh he had some lie on the ground chained up And uh He could uh cut big logs 'course there wasn't no sale for them at all back then. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 503: I was just a little kid. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 503: And um He'd uh he'd get them logs reduction on have a log roller. I don't know I don't get it. There's no telling how many negroes come white folks too. And just have a log bring the log roller and pile these logs up you know. 'Course state fire come in an burn 'em up. Interviewer: Burn 'em up. 503: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 uh huh # 503: That damn stumps stayed there until {D: we run it down.} {NW} Interviewer: No bulldozers. 503: No sir no no bulldozers then. Interviewer: How about uh did they uh where did you keep the mules? Did you have quite a few mules this uh 503: Kept them in the barn. Interviewer: uh huh and Did they have their own uh 503: Yes. #1 {D: Safe stables} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: That's what folks called them. Interviewer: And your chickens did you raise chickens? 503: Yeah. We had a hen house for them. 'Course they just got loose you know out in the yard anywhere'd they'd wanna go. Interviewer: What would you do if uh and old hen that had a brood of chickens? 503: Well they they always kinda take care of them you see they uh woman folks would have a place {D: and would} they have a little fence around it something like that for them. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: And then uh put 'em in the coops too you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Have a little chicken coop made. Interviewer: Did they ever call it a brooding hen? Uh 503: Well. Interviewer: What was the old hen called? um 503: Well uh in my time uh just uh just a hen. Interviewer: #1 Oh. # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Some somebody told me uh they used to call it a brooding hen. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Does that uh sound familiar? 503: Well {D: I were hear that.} Interviewer: uh huh 503: I have heard it. Interviewer: I guess uh got a brood of chickens uh 503: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 they call it a brood- # -ing hen. and They uh {NW} The time that you fed the animals uh Was that chore time or was it night time or how did you? 503: We feed them. We feed them three times a day. Interviewer: Three times. 503: Yes. Every morning. mm-hmm Then in the night. Interviewer: uh huh Did you say that was chore time or how did you say? 503: No that that is time for us to eat you know and we just feed the mules right before we eat. Interviewer: I see. 503: {NW} Interviewer: They got the preference huh? 503: Yeah. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Um Do you remember any wild hogs around? uh 503: Well. Uh There was a fella who went across the creek from us and uh he he was uh had wild hogs come up and out of the field once or twice. He had uh a big place down and he's got to turn them hogs out you know so once in a while they'd come up that home Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: just keep rolling around in the water you know getting all wet. Interviewer: Did they have a mark on them so that you know who they were? 503: No. You know they Interviewer: {X} 503: some of them mighta had some of them didn't. Interviewer: Do you remember when the uh fence law came in or no? uh 503: Yes sir. Yeah I remember a little something about it. Uh Before we had no {D: sad fence} law uh people were tryna uh you know just {X} and letting them graze but have this fence law come into hand where everybody had to put 'em up and um fix a fence for 'em. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Keep 'em out of the road. Interviewer: What kind of fences did they make? uh 503: Wide fence. Interviewer: They did. Do you remember the old time fence? 503: Yes sir. I I remember seeing one then. Interviewer: uh huh 503: They uh they would split the rails I'd say about uh anywhere from ten to twelve feet long. And uh They were as big as my arm or bigger. And they would uh stack 'em up that way and then just keep on on and on and just keep wrapping the fence around them. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Do what they wanted to. Interviewer: I think you told me the other day that uh you had heard it called a worm fence. uh 503: Well uh I thought that maybe that was a worm fence you was talking about. Interviewer: uh huh 503: A rail fence that's what I've always called it. Interviewer: Uh huh And uh Then uh after the rails went out the uh wire came in? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh what kind of wire? Uh 503: Barbed wire. Interviewer: Was it 503: Barbed wire mostly. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 {X} # Yeah. And more wire then come in. Barbed wire they call it. Interviewer: Did you cut your own? uh Do you think you could tell me how you get the uh what you put in the ground to string the wire on? Uh 503: Posts. Posts. Yeah You'd uh you'd set your post and then you'd spread your wire. Brace your corner post about where you wanted to pull it from. If it's a long {X} 'course you had to put some pieces in there you know to to raise your post Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: if you want it to pull far. Interviewer: The wire probably weighed weighed quite a bit {X} 503: #1 Yeah it uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: I I don't I don't really know what a coil of wire would weigh. Interviewer: And uh it really would stop the animals? 503: Oh yeah yes sir. Interviewer: And uh And while we're talking about fences I uh I was wondering did you ever have a smaller fence say around the yard or the garden? 503: I don't know that I ever had except a uh if you had a a what you call it {D: grow up 'bout just uh} {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear 503: {X} Interviewer: What do you call 'em a paling or uh 503: Hedge hedge fence. Interviewer: Hedge fence. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh 503: That that'll just grow up out of the ground you know some people are just keep 'em trimmed up you know and make a fence out of them that away. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh ya ever hear of a picket fence or a paling fence? 503: Yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: And uh I guess they they're short 503: Short pieces about uh about anywhere from three to four feet long of identical size according to how high you want it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 503: and uh They just uh put it in there between the wires in the bottom and top and just have a little slack between them. Interviewer: mm-hmm I would uh keep chickens out so they stay- 503: Yes sir. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: {X} Do you remember anything about uh sheep very much? Did they go 503: Well I I didn't have 'em. We we never raised no sheep. Uh I can't tell you very much about them. I've seen 'em. Interviewer: Did uh What do they call a female? uh They call a a male a buck I guess right? uh 503: Yeah I believe I believe that's a buck. And I I don't remember what they call a female. Interviewer: Somebody uh said it was called a ewe. 503: Might have been. Interviewer: Or a ewe. 503: Ewe I guess. Interviewer: Ewe huh? 503: Yes. Interviewer: Uh huh. And uh Heard you had so much cotton and I suppose you didn't uh 503: That's that's right. Interviewer: You didn't need much wool. 503: That's right. Interviewer: Remember having any clothes made out of of out of wool? Or not uh 503: No I don't. I believe I do. Interviewer: mm-hmm Believe somebody told me that uh you never liked it because uh the cotton was smooth on your skin you #1 know? # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: The other would uh #1 be itchy. # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: um Talking about uh hogs. They uh Would you could you explain uh how how you went through uh uh killing the hogs? uh How how you'd do that? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: get out of it? 503: {X} Well. When you get ready to kill hogs you you go out there and fetch you two and two or three buckets of water. And the next thing is well if you wanted to keep 'em hot you'd put uh {D: damming} pool what you call a {D: damming} pool uh to hang 'em up on you know when you got them clean. and uh {X} {NW} and uh Then you take them in and uh Kill 'em in front of the smokehouse maybe uh do it right there. You could kill them in front of the smokehouse it's cut them up salt them down and have them in the smokehouse salting them down of course. Interviewer: How did you kill them? uh 503: Shoot them or knock them in the head once. Interviewer: mm-hmm Then uh What would you do with the water? uh You said you needed the pots of water? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And you'd uh 503: Well you'd take that water out then and put it in the {D: scalding bath} what we call the {D: scalding down} and then you'd put them hogs in that with that water and scald them you see and the hair would come off good. Interviewer: Oh I see. 503: Yeah. You'd have uh something for the floor to drag them out of that bath on and then clean 'em {D: in the house} you know and then hang 'em up. Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh What do you call that hairs on the back stands up when you get mad? uh 503: Well. I don't know what you call it it's just hairs is all I know. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh huh did they ever call it # bristle? Or 503: Yeah or about bristles too. Interviewer: Uh huh. And how about those big teeth? that uh 503: {D: that is a lushies} Interviewer: {X} and While we're talking about this uh I wonder if if you'd explain the different kinds of meat that you get from a hog. What would you use? Uh 503: Well uh We would use the short and the ham we would use all of the hog uh except uh a lot of folks cooked giblets out of the guts you know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 503: A lot of folks cooked ham but uh I never I never went for that much. {NW} Interviewer: Did uh did you ever use the entrails for uh sausage? 503: No. Interviewer: How would you keep the sausage? 503: Well uh I'd heard of them you'd uh you'd put the sausage then use that sausage. Interviewer: Hmm. 503: But uh I don't think I've ever done that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Somebody said they had a a sausage uh machine or maker or something and they they could ram the meat right into the 503: Yeah. Interviewer: {D: fill up} 503: {D: sausage sausage} mills. Interviewer: Mill? 503: Used to grind it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: I've got one at home now. Interviewer: Have you? 503: {X} {X} Interviewer: uh huh 503: And uh Interviewer: That's worth keeping. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh 503: Yeah you're right. Interviewer: Do your children have an interest in it? Uh 503: No. Interviewer: Do your children have an interest in uh 503: No so they they don't have a They've never raised no hogs now and uh I haven't in the last several years. Interviewer: Yeah. 503: {NW} and um The mill's just there. Interviewer: Hmm. 503: And They they don't {X} Interviewer: uh huh 503: {X} Interviewer: I see yeah. Saw too much of it. 503: Oh yeah. Course now anything that uh anybody's not used to you know? uh If people would Interviewer: I think that's right 503: try it for them Interviewer: Right. And uh Did you make anything out of the hog's head? uh 503: You could you could eat that head. And a lot of folks eat the brains. Interviewer: uh huh Ever hear of hog's head cheese? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Or souse #1 cheese? # 503: #2 I have # heard of them yeah you can make souse out of them too. Interviewer: uh huh But you never did. 503: No. No uh I never did. Interviewer: How about the uh organs? The uh lungs and the liver and 503: Well. #1 That's uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: The lungs now that that mighta been thrown away but the liver is is for good and some people like that I believe. Interviewer: mm-hmm I uh Somebody uh talked about liver and lights and I'm not sure what they what they mean. 503: Well. Th-they've got the two uh lights that th-they {X} Some people Interviewer: That's some part of the in- #1 side. # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: {X} You ever hear of haslet? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of uh the word haslet? There's supposed to be uh the lungs and the heart and the liver and everything in there. 503: I don't know uh Interviewer: It's called a haslet somebody said. {X} 503: Oh. Mighta been. Interviewer: uh huh uh As I travel around the country I I pick up these words 503: #1 Yeah I bet. # Interviewer: #2 so then that's # the reason I wanna ask you about it. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Some of them may not have been used here. 503: Ever. Interviewer: #1 Used in Georgia but not # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: not here And uh If a um So I wanted to ask you about sausage {D: gender.} Do you ever hear of blood sausage or liver sausage or? 503: I uh I don't think I have. uh You trim its meat get uh little fat in it and uh most of it's lean and you put it in a tub then that is what we used to do it Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and uh some old some woman there that {D: lived in in New Howe} would uh go ahead and put the salt and pepper to it you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: And then we'd get in there with our hands you know work them good and uh get it mixed up together good. Interviewer: mm-hmm And when you crush it in the mill 503: Yeah. Well uh That that was go through the mill before we done that. Interviewer: #1 Oh? # 503: #2 And then # after you done that then were we'd flip the sacks. Interviewer: I see. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And so Salt it then? 503: You could salt it yes. Interviewer: uh huh 503: That that would be easy. Smoked sausage. Interviewer: uh huh Well that sounds good doesn't it? 503: Yeah. {NW} Interviewer: And it had a long layer- what's that fat meat along the side? uh 503: {D: That's pig lard.} Interviewer: {D: Pig larding?} And and real fat 503: Yeah. Interviewer: below there. That'd be uh um could you yeah There's something that look like uh bacon or {D: streepaleen} or something like that? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Alright. That were coming from the 503: That's that comes from the {D: the villagey.} We call it the middlings of between the shoulders and the hands. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 503: That's what's called the middlings. Interviewer: All along the side. 503: Yes. Interviewer: And the tenderloins being the most 503: The tender the tenderloins are it's um aren't too bad. But they're on the inside and uh Interviewer: They're on the inside. 503: Yeah. They they are. A big kinda big around I lined them up to my wrist now and just rolled one end to the other. Interviewer: I see. And uh When a uh When a uh sow is gonna have s- have a litter what did you say uh I think the old sow's where 503: Have pigs 'fore long. Interviewer: #1 Have pigs? uh huh # 503: #2 {NW} Yes. # Interviewer: How about a cow? Uh 503: uh She was gonna have a calf. Interviewer: Ah you say she's gonna drop a calf? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Or uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Wonder how you say that. 503: Drop a calf or have a calf. Either way. Interviewer: Uh huh. And uh How about the dogs that you remember? Did you have any dogs around? 503: Oh yeah we we had some dogs all {D: all were all hounds or the like.} But uh I don't remember too much about them. uh I do know That dogs are mighty good in place. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm Did you have a little dog that made a lot of noise? uh Real nervous? uh 503: Well I I never did own one I don't think but I've seen a lot of people that did. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Did they call them feist? 503: Feist. Interviewer: And uh. And A dog that uh doesn't amount to very much uh what would you call him? All different 503: Uh I don't know uh I guess a bunch of different things {NW} Interviewer: Uh huh. And The uh Could you tell me how you used to call the different uh animals? Call the pigs call the cows? 503: Well Uh Well the hogs never did have no name you just say woo or something like that and uh they they would come. Interviewer: Woo 503: and uh Cows you'd say sook sook sook. 'Course they had names Interviewer: I see. 503: most of 'em especially the milk cows. and uh Interviewer: How'd you get the mules to uh come up uh to the barn? 503: You could have {D: farm} called them. Interviewer: #1 Whistle ah # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: And uh Same with the horses? Uh 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh huh. How'd you call the chickens? 503: Chick chick chick chick. Interviewer: They know uh 503: Yes. {X} Interviewer: If uh when you took a calf away from a cow what was the noise they used to make? 503: Well they they used to haul a cow and get on up uh if it's take one away kinda young especially and if they if they weighed him he got pretty good size. He'd he'd haul maybe as one night a day. Interviewer: Would he? 503: Yes. Interviewer: Ah. 503: long as you get that mama. Interviewer: {NW} What were the uh when the cow hands her back? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: so and How about the uh horses when they were about ready to feed? What did you call that noise they make? Uh a sniffle noise. If they were ready to eat. 503: Well uh I don't know if {X} {X} Interviewer: Did you ever hear any Did you ever describe the noise they make as a as a knicker? #1 {X} # 503: #2 Yeah um they'd they'd they'd make it a whole lot # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: Now maybe I don't know what that is. uh I think 503: {NW: imitates horse knicker} Interviewer: I #1 see. # 503: #2 Something like that. # Interviewer: Kinda quiet uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And uh not uh uh loud. 503: Well some of them do. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 Some of some of 'em do. # Speaker Unclear: {X} Interviewer: Would mean that 503: Now we used to have a mule. That's when the second time she brayed {X} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 503: She'd throw her head up and holler. Bray. Interviewer: {D: See oh go 'head} 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: She uh she seemed to be able to 503: Yeah. Know just exactly what time it was. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: That's what uh Those are the things I really appreciate you telling me #1 be- # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: cause that's 503: {NW} Interviewer: something that uh most people don't know you know? 503: That's right. Interviewer: Understand. Do ya she had a built-in time clock huh? 503: Sir? Interviewer: Uh uh uh the old mule had a #1 built-in time clock # 503: #2 Yeah! Oh yeah. # Interviewer: right? 503: Yes sir. It's uh old um lot of them was hollow. And horses and knickers were not. Long about another time ago but uh This this particular mule five old years {X} Interviewer: How wonderful. Yeah. 503: {NW} Interviewer: Um. Did you uh did you ride a horse bareback when you were a boy? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: All right. How old were you when you got a saddle? 503: Well. I don't know if I ever did exactly. uh 'Course uh the hoard of them had a saddle and uh we we'd ride the horse back to as kids you know until we'd steal one of their saddles {X} {NW} Interviewer: I see. I um In a large family I don't suppose you could have saddles for every-. 503: No uh Interviewer: Everybody uh 503: {X} Interviewer: Uh huh. Did you um Did you have uh when you had a saddle uh what'd you call the things you held to in the horse's mouth? 503: The bits. The reins. Interviewer: The reins? 503: #1 Right. Reins. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh huh and uh By the way uh uh somebody showed me uh a lot of different kinds of bits uh mule bits 503: Yes. Interviewer: and uh one kind was it was like this except it had a weight in it and he said that you had an armory mule, that's what you had to use. #1 Is that right? # 503: #2 {NW} # Well you right about that. Interviewer: Um. Would you uh Did you ever use it on any of the animals? 503: No I never did use any of them I don't think except uh I might have used one draw bit a few times. Now last that was uh a bit before and then pull back and you could you pull it out and then go in. And uh Add add uh fragment rings on up to his mouth that a way. Interviewer: You got a patient man. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: I see. I never saw one of those. 503: Well I I have I I've seen them um. Interviewer: I uh Would would that be for uh mean uh 503: Yes. Interviewer: mean horse? 503: Yes. Interviewer: Uh huh. {X} You know those those things are uh they're lost now and 503: #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 You right about that. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: I haven't seen one like that in a long time. Now I know they used to make a big bit then oh it's as big around as my thumb I reckon. uh Even a horse knows uh gets sore on his mouth on his mouth and and they can't {X} Interviewer: I see so it wouldn't be so hard on a 503: That's right. Interviewer: Uh huh. well this uh It's interesting the different kinds of 503: {NW} Interviewer: scenery. I uh This man had a whole collection of 'em and I uh I took pictures of them. But uh that draw bit's new and me I never 503: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 never heard that. # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Um. How 'bout. the uh things that you put in your put your feet in? Did you have uh {X} Get up a horse in the saddle and then 503: Stirrups. Interviewer: Stirrups? 503: Stirrups yes. Interviewer: uh huh And in cold weather did you uh have anything in the stirrup to keep your feet warm? uh 503: Well. Some folks did and some folks didn't. It's just uh I've I've seen them People use them in the summer time. Just uh the stirrup covered over you know on the front end part of it. Have to keep your foot from going on too far in the stirrup. Interviewer: And just keep warm right? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Did you ever heat a stone or anything and put in or not? uh 503: Well uh I don't know that I ever did that on a Interviewer: Uh huh. 503: saddle. Uh I have {D: had bricken} put it in a buggy. Something like that. Going a long ways. Interviewer: And They uh you remember oxen at all? Um. 503: I remember a little something about them. Not very much. Interviewer: I wish you'd tell me but uh 503: {NW} Interviewer: {X} 503: Well. There's a They would probably used to {X} But anyway used to {X} And I think about wonder wonder if some of them some were teens at that time. Interviewer: Hmm. 503: And we of course had different drivers. And uh six and eight used caution you know Interviewer: That right? 503: one way. Interviewer: It musta been a powerful thing to see. 503: Yeah. Yeah it's day we were 45. Interviewer: And {NS} When you uh Would you tell me uh just to give somebody uh and idea who doesn't know anything about it uh how you'd used to get the horses ready and get them hooked up to the wagon? and {X} 503: Well. The first thing you do you'd go in the stables and put the bridles on them and then you'd bring them to the {D: geldroom} then and {D: tie 'em off and} break 'em and {X} hitch 'em up to the wagon or the plow which one you're going to. Interviewer: If you had a wagon uh Uh what did you call the thing that came up between the The horses uh 503: {D: tump} Interviewer: That's the {D: tump}? 503: Tump? Yeah. Interviewer: And with a buggy if you had just one horse uh 503: {D: The chay} Interviewer: {X} and uh if uh Do you remember anything called a singletree? 503: Yes sir. That's what you hook 'em to. Interviewer: And uh that's that's right before you get you get 'em hooked to the 503: Yeah that that's uh that's onto the wagon or the buggy you want. Treble tree I believe is what it's called on the buggy. It's a singletree on the wagon. And you back 'em up to it and and hitches up {X} into their tongue And then uh go back out there and hope they're straight. Interviewer: I see. I see. Uh If you had a singletree here and a singletree there then would you hook those two into something? 503: No. You would uh you'd have the two center trees on a doubletree and that's going to help pin down through their tongue in the middle of the doubletree. And they'd use #1 a single # Interviewer: #2 I see. # 503: tree to be on each end you see. Interviewer: I see. 503: And so you'd back both horses back up to the singletree and hope it {D: trays} easier. Interviewer: I see. 503: #1 And then you'd # Interviewer: #2 And then uh # the doubletree would be on the tongue like #1 this. # 503: #2 Yes. # Yes. Interviewer: I see. 503: That's right. Interviewer: Uh huh. That's interesting. Um. And they uh When you had reins uh you were riding in a saddle but uh if you were on a buggy you'd #1 have # 503: #2 That's # That's right lines. Interviewer: Lines? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: And uh um You say a team of uh you said a team of mules or a pair of mules? How did they used to talk about that? 503: Team or pair either one. Interviewer: Either one? 503: Yes. Interviewer: And uh How would you uh tell the mule to get going? 503: Sir? Interviewer: How would you tell the mule to to get going? 503: You'd have uh horse leather on Interviewer: Yeah? And then 503: {NW: Imitates noise} Interviewer: Oh And did you did you need anything to #1 {X} # 503: #2 Yeah uh oh # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # People used to have a whip all the time {D: reckon} Interviewer: {X} Do they use that mostly for noise or did they actually uh 503: No they'd they'd hit 'em. Interviewer: They would? 503: 'Course they could keep sea grass on it you know to make it pop Interviewer: Uh huh 503: They there got along then. Was alright. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Now let's That's another new one. I I didn't know that. The sea gr- sea grass 503: Uh what? Interviewer: Uh sea grass I didn't uh #1 know about that # 503: #2 Oh yes. # Oh yes. The sea grass Interviewer: Did you have a 503: It uh {D: plapped uh} {X} doing work you know? So when you work 'em you'd hit a mule with that and it would and it'd pop. Interviewer: I see. And probably the noise'd scare 'em #1 as much as any- # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: thing. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And uh The {NS} how would you keep the uh winding wheels from Sweden? uh uh 503: Well you'd have to keep 'em greased actually. Interviewer: It uh 503: Yes. Interviewer: That Did you ever hear anybody use a towel for that? Speaker Unclear: {X} Interviewer: Did you ever hear anybody use a towel if they couldn't uh 503: Well I I think I've heard of it. Interviewer: Uh huh have you? 503: I never did uh I never did use in it. Interviewer: Oh yeah? 503: Now we used to always come to town everyday and so we greased our wagon every morning. Interviewer: You did? 503: Yes. Interviewer: Uh huh. How would you get it on? um 503: Just take the tap off pull a wheel out smear it on there. {X} Interviewer: You'd have to pull a wheel off every- #1 day # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: huh? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh huh. Well that's It's uh not as uh easy easy as an automobile is it? 503: That's right. {NW} Interviewer: Yeah what a a nuisance to take four wheels off #1 everyday. # 503: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 You're right about that # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: Uh. 503: Well you just pull them out you don't want to take them on off. And uh Well you could get back up in there too. 'Course whenever it got hot you know uh it would run all over. Interviewer: Work in 503: Yeah. Interviewer: out. 503: Actually. Interviewer: uh huh The uh different kinds uh different parts of the wheel you start out at the hub I guess #1 Right? # 503: #2 Yes sir. # Interviewer: Be over the axle. 503: Yup. Interviewer: And then there's spokes 503: Spokes. And then The uh feather feather I think and a tire. Interviewer: I see. How do they get the tire uh to stay on? 503: Well. They uh they used to bolt them on. Interviewer: Oh they did. 503: Yes. Well through your feather and the tire. And then uh just wrap it. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 503: #2 {X} # Interviewer: uh huh Remember your first automobile? 503: Yeah. Yeah. An old Ford. Interviewer: Was it? 503: {NW} Interviewer: Uh huh. What uh Could you tell me about it? What uh 503: Well it was a Ford and uh I won't have a flash one I'm afraid of that. {NW} {NW} So I got her some with the curtains on it. And uh I kept that a good long time. I don't know how many years it was running. And then I'd thought I'd swap it for a {X} {X} Interviewer: #1 Uh huh. # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: But uh You though the uh curtains would be safer? 503: Yeah. I thought the curtains would be safer. Interviewer: And Speaker Unclear: {X} Interviewer: How uh Do you uh What did you have inside the I guess you put the the air you don't put the air in the tire itself you put it in a in a tube? Is that uh inside the #1 tire? # 503: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. You put that in the tube just like you do now. Interviewer: Uh huh. 503: And uh You put that tube in the tire and fill it up with air. Interviewer: I guess they weren't too good. When they first came out. 503: Well uh I I don't imagine it was. I don't remember all about how good it was. Interviewer: Well somebody told me that uh I think it was the tube that uh kept going down you know? #1 Well it could get messed # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: up thirty times in thirty miles. 503: {NW} Interviewer: Gathering snow. Uh how about the different roads that you remember? Uh. 503: Well. They used used to have a {X} And dirt roads together. Interviewer: mm-hmm. 503: And uh. You you didn't uh used to you didn't know what black top roads was. Now I have to do the work and plow 'em. All that black top {D: bad mouth} Interviewer: Did ya? 503: {X} {X} Hasn't been done. Well I was about uh seventeen eighteen I guess when I worked on the streets. Interviewer: Did you tell me that your uncle was overseer or #1 was it your grandfather? # 503: #2 No, it my daddy. # Interviewer: Oh your father? 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh huh. # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: #1 He would al- # Interviewer: #2 So # 503: {D: The old overseer} {X} My uncle seen after the farm. Interviewer: The watch. 503: And uh. My daddy {X} Uncle John was just an old bachelor so he just stayed with us Interviewer: I see. 503: that whole time and uh we we were on that thing and just just go to him for it than our daddy for it. Interviewer: John? Part of the family. 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: uh huh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And uh how would your uh How would that road work be handled? Would you tell me more about that? 503: Well. Interviewer: How would he get help? 503: He'd just well uh they'd just uh just get on a horse or a buggy one and ride around and if you uh as {D: Fooling} to wipe the road well they'd tell you be outside on a certain morning. Tomorrow morning or the day after tomorrow. They'd usually give them I think about three days. I think {X} And uh. You had to be twenty-one before you'd be allowed to work the road. And uh. And them days they had just like I tell ya the other day they had uh steel drag with handles on 'em. And uh. {X} from each side of it after the {X} They'd clean the ditches out that way. Interviewer: I see. uh huh 503: And uh. Then it wasn't too long then 'til {D: When raiders come in.} And you just had to wait on that you see and four wheels and uh two big wheels you'd have then and four men to work 'em. To put it in the ground and take it out. And uh it'd take Interviewer: Go up and down like #1 this? # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Um. 503: It'd take about six mules to pull that you see. Interviewer: That big? 503: Oh yeah. That's that's You got on back then where I sat now. Interviewer: I see. 503: {NW} Interviewer: Uh did the {D: dwight} um Was the dwight straight across? 503: No that Interviewer: Or was he 503: you you could you could till the days away Interviewer: I see uh. 503: you yeah. Interviewer: You're down in #1 this # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: way. Did um If it uh if this was the road going this way and the blade went this way 503: That's right. Interviewer: Uh then you'd go up and down like this? 503: That's right. I'll uh used uh it just keep it kinda level as far as you could as as much as you could and uh got this this low end pull it out into the rood you see. And then they they could uh they could change the spot then and uh just kinda flatten it out in all the roads you see. Interviewer: I see. Um. Uh if it was if the blade went like this did they ever say that was {D: anagoddling?} 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that right? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh. Which meant it was on a good angle? 503: That's right. That #1 That's right. # Interviewer: #2 Uh huh. # 503: That's right. Interviewer: I see. And uh. Did uh Did you ever did ya have any kind of uh way of keeping the dust down on the road? 503: No sir. No. Dust. You'd get dust {D: Everywhere.} Interviewer: Uh huh. 503: Dust it'll miss you. {NW} Interviewer: You know uh why I wouldn't like that. 503: No. No there be only one way to keep dust down and that is rain. Interviewer: mm-hmm. And uh. Did you use um Did old time cotters did they burn a lot of oil? Or. Or uh. 503: Well. I I don't I don't remember. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you get the oil from and the gas from the same place? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh huh 503: Most of the time. Interviewer: I remember uh those old gas pumps with the uh glass. 503: Yeah. Speaker Unclear: {X} Interviewer: Yes um #1 I remember the # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Glass. I guess they siphoned it off. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} And if you had a little road say from your house to a neighbor uh it wasn't a public road. Would you that a a lane? or uh 503: Just a by road. Interviewer: Just a by road? 503: Yes. Interviewer: Uh huh. And you have to take care of that yourself. 503: Oh yeah. Oh yeah. {NW} Interviewer: What what'd you do if you got stuck in the mud? Did someone pull 503: Well. {NW} Interviewer: Uh would you 503: Get a team. Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh. 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Uh. 503: I got stuck a million times when we were at my place down there. Go to the house and harness up a team and come and pull me out that night. Interviewer: I see. 503: {NW} Interviewer: You use the kids to get out? 503: That's right. Interviewer: Uh do you have a 503: {X} The last few years uh almost time to get it gravel {X} My wife was sick. She thinks a little bit sick six years. But uh I got I paid for graveling the first time. And the counters they've been keeping it up ever since. Up until I reckon this year. Uh. The counters I spoke to {NW} {X} Over my ditches now. Interviewer: I see. They uh they uh did they you live off a kinda lane? Is that 503: Yes. Interviewer: Uh. 503: Yes. Interviewer: About how far is that? Uh 503: Oh it's {X} Interviewer: Oh is that right? 503: Uh yeah. Interviewer: Takes a lot of gravel. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: mm-hmm. So you you had to pay for it yourself? 503: Yeah. Had had to pay for it the first time I know. Interviewer: Uh. The old days if uh somebody tried to do some {X} do some work around the the barn or the house and it wasn't very good. He wasn't trained for it. He wasn't a real carpenter. What would you call him? Say well he's a 503: {D: Jack-leg} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 He's a Jack-leg carpenter? # Uh huh. Um. I meant uh just to know what he was. 503: That's right. Interviewer: Uh huh. Did you ever hear the uh would you ever call say a preacher or a lawyer a jack-leg uh preacher? 503: Yeah. I have heard them called that. Now I might have myself {NW} Interviewer: What uh Would that mean that they uh they just didn't have much training? 503: That's right. Interviewer: Ah. {X} Good. 503: I just count the lawyers one of them. {X} Interviewer: Hmm. 503: {NW} Interviewer: And the lawyer wouldn't be dishonest he just #1 would be uh # 503: #2 That's right. # That's right. Interviewer: wouldn't be very good. Uh huh. 503: I don't know know that we'd have very much {X} to do with lawyers. Interviewer: They uh You worked around the farm and you put a piece of uh a log in something that looked like this. What did you call this thing now? That ya put a log in in the thing to hold it up just so you could saw it? Uh. 503: So do what? Interviewer: So you could saw it? 503: Well that was a rack. Interviewer: That's a rack? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh huh. 503: Yeah that uh you make racks. And uh. We uh. Wood up in there you see and saw it. That that is a rack. Interviewer: {X} 503: Hold rack. Interviewer: Hold it tight 503: Yes. Interviewer: so you could uh 503: Yes. Interviewer: Uh huh. And uh If you had something that looked like an A frame so that two of them so you could uh put a plank across uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: would that be a a rack or a horse? Or 503: Well I guess it would. Be a horse I guess. Interviewer: And uh How did you used to uh how'd you use to shave when you first started shaving? Uh 503: {NW} Well you put the lather on your face and warm water Interviewer: Uh huh. 503: Take a rag. Dab it. Wash it a little bit. Put some more lather on it and start shaving. Interviewer: Uh huh. And do you work it in with your hands? Or 503: Yeah. Well a brush mostly. Interviewer: I see. Uh huh. How'd you keep your razor sharp? 503: Well. {X} time I grown up uh they had those little blade edges you know. {X} razors and you had a brush. I mean um {D: shrap} Interviewer: Uh huh. 503: and you'd sharpen it on that. Interviewer: Whether uh whether thing you just keep 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh huh. How 'bout uh knives in the kitchen? How would you keep them sharp? 503: Well. Most of the time they had a little rock to buy you know and wash the stick up in the kitchen and what you call a Myers Sharpener. Interviewer: Where could that 503: {X} Interviewer: How about an uh an axe? How would you get that? 503: Well you had a a grind stone uh and a wand put that on that. Interviewer: They uh Now the rock in the kitchen would that be uh uh wet rock? 503: Well I don't know whether you'd call it a wet rock or not but anyway there's two little rocks that are made close together {X} stuck out that a way you know and so you put it in there. You just just a little flat thing you could lay on the Interviewer: I see. 503: tack on the wall somewhere. Interviewer: mm-hmm. Um. And {NW} They uh Did you have something that had two handles and a wheel that you could push around? Uh 503: Wheel barrow. Interviewer: Wheel barrow? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Oh. 503: {NW} Interviewer: And {NW} The reason I ask about that is uh in Georgia they call it a Georgie Georgie Buggy. 503: Do they? Interviewer: Uh huh. 503: {NW} Uh we always called it a wheel barrow. Interviewer: Wheel barrow. Uh huh. And what would you uh what would you uh put in a revolver? How would you load up a revolver? 503: Well. You could 'un-bridge it. And uh take the bullets out and stick them in there. Interviewer: Uh huh. Did you uh did you have a revolver most of the time or did ya have shot guns? Or what kinda guns? 503: Well. I never did have neither one {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm. 503: Um. I bought my boy a rifle after he got of some size and uh this rifle {X} Interviewer: You didn't care much for guns. 503: No. Interviewer: Oh. 503: No I didn't ever care much for guns. Interviewer: And so {NW} How did you get a talking about fences uh how would you drive a stake in the ground? What would you use? 503: Well. You could uh you could use a sludge hammer {C: I know he's talking about a sledge hammer but he pronounces it "Sludge" so I'm going to leave it like that.} and where the ground was soft and uh sharpen it a little bit. I bet you could uh take a post over and dig that hole. Interviewer: Oh. 503: And that's the way most of us done. Interviewer: Oh I see. Rather than driving it in 503: Yes. Interviewer: you just uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: dig it out. Um. And uh 503: {X} Interviewer: I see. You uh ever make uh a mallet? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Did ya? Uh huh. 503: Yeah. I been stripping posts and make them bluff. That's what we'd call it. And then uh a mole is what we call that. Interviewer: A mole. 503: Mole. And uh. {X} {C: Mole or maul?} To hit that wooden piece with. Instead of using a sludge hammer. Interviewer: I see. Uh. And the maul would be made out of wood 503: Oh yeah. Yes. Interviewer: I see. Um. Would you tell me about uh how you get uh land ready to to clear? Uh say you've used to clear something {X} and uh. Oh. How would you uh I guess most people want a clear bottom. Is that right? Uh. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 503: Well you went in and cut the undergrowth and piled it up and maybe burn it. Uh. And uh. Then you'd as I told you a while ago then you'd go back in there and saw them trees down saw 'em up into the length of the stuff you wanted to {X} and just keep them log roller. {X} {X} The people come in there for that log roller you know? Interviewer: That that was kind of a you wouldn't hire another 503: Oh no. They'd they'd just uh flock in there. Interviewer: I see. 503: Which one is the best man I reckon. Interviewer: I see. 503: {NW} {X} {X} {X} Interviewer: Ah. Interviewer: {X} 503: {X} Interviewer: Well there's another new one I I've never heard. #1 {X} # 503: #2 {D: Glad to have you.} # Interviewer: uh-huh It's uh it was about this big #1 right? And you # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: just throw it up and 503: Yeah well that's a swamp hook. {D: I would expect of course you to talk about it} but uh this uh this c- can hook is turn it {D: But that that was a swamp hook I #1 {D: might have used.} # Interviewer: #2 Swamp hook. # 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 503: That was a that was just a long piece of rod {D: and crooked} and uh just hook it over a log and {X} pull on it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: {D: Now that ain't useful on it.} Interviewer: Uh you have uh uh I guess uh as kids they used to see how much strength they had and how far they could throw it and. {NW} {X} Uh how would you get uh if the bottom had uh wet s- wet places or water standing how would you get the water out uh? 503: Well you'd just have to wait 'til it dries out {D: if the water's high.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. You didn't try to to uh run it off #1 {X} # 503: #2 No. # Not not too much of it. Interviewer: And uh did you ever swamp? could you use any swamp or uh 503: Oh yeah well we had uh couldn't {X} swamp all the way around home but uh That and {X} wasn't nothing but a {D: bottom} you know and so water'd get all over the field down here sometimes. And uh you just had to wait 'til that water had gone down. Interviewer: I see. 503: Course they had put a canal {D: coulda done that} but then uh wasn't all land when they rode up you know so it's water was backed up on on his base anyway. Interviewer: Oh I see. Now is the water come right if you had a canal to take the water on but it was also letting the water back in oh yeah I see uh. {X} What kind of uh different sorts of land do you have uh uh what kind of land did you did you grow what was the best land uh? 503: well the {X} it wasn't called a black land is the best. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Now red hill ground is hard to beat too. And um white rabbit ground there's not much to it. Interviewer: But um somebody t- told me about buckshot land. 503: Buckshot? Well that's that's gravel. Interviewer: Is that uh Is that a white? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: #1 Uh that is buckshot. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: White gravel. Interviewer: What's uh do you have gumbo around here? 503: Well we don't have much of it around here that's true down in the bottom I think. Down up an old river. Interviewer: Uh-huh and uh if I understand gumbo is is good land but 503: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # it's hard to see somebody told me that uh you you've gotta be gotta {X} down and and work it. 503: That's right. Interviewer: Uh that it's wet. 503: That that's what you that's what you say uh you take some {X} better get in there tomorrow. Interviewer: Uh-huh {X} gets too 503: #1 Yeah that's right. Get # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: too hard. Interviewer: And did you ever hear of loam? 503: Loam? Interviewer: Uh 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Now is that buckshot land or uh? 503: Well I I don't know. Loan you see that that's not like uh loaning and buying money or anything like Interviewer: #1 that. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # You know I I think they say uh loamy land like buckshotty land. 503: {X} I've never heard of that. Interviewer: I'm not sure exactly what it means but uh I've heard it. #1 now do they say # 503: #2 I don't # I don't think I know what that means um. Interviewer: And uh do you uh will you tell me how you break land uh uh what kind of plow you use and uh. 503: Well you use a you used to use a two horse plow, one horse plow. And uh just uh you cut your oar down or shove 'em down with a plow. and um it was {D: long time four inch disk but r- I reined 'em} when I was growing up. But {NW} in a way you go out and uh on a roll and shimmy down there with a one horse plow. and kinda get it on a level and I'll tell you a one horse plow then a two horse plow they didn't uh break it just all the way around. Interviewer: I see. If you had a two horse uh plow uh what did you call the horse on the left? Did you have a name for him uh? 503: Oh yeah we we had uh names for all of 'em as far as that's #1 concerned. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # but I mean would he be the lead horse or uh? 503: Yeah yeah. {D: I think I'd repeat it to him.} Interviewer: On on the left? And then 503: You'd tell him tell him {D: yee in his} he'd push the other in his #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 I see {D: in a way} he was the boss. # 503: Yeah I think. {C: laughing} Interviewer: Uh after you uh uh you take the the plow uh how deep would you dig uh? 503: Well about six inches. Interviewer: Six inches. And just turn it to? 503: Yeah. {D: just turn it to.} Interviewer: Uh and how would you then 503: Well you could uh hag or or take a drag and drag it. And then uh you're probably just making middle busters. Where you put two mules to it and uh take 'em all the time and see it to spread it out. You could get her all the time by the way. Interviewer: Oh I see and um middle buster then would not go as far down? 503: No. It wouldn't go d- wouldn't go down as well you could put put it as deep as as six inches if you wanted to. Interviewer: Mm. 503: But uh it'd go down uh it well well there's one that was middle of them that just build it out there you see and you come back on the other side and make the row. Interviewer: I see. 503: And then um when you'd got it planted come back out then with a scraper and scrape on one side then you go back up to the other end on the other side {NW} walk it. Interviewer: I see. 503: And uh the choppers then'd come on behind you. Interviewer: Mm. 503: And then uh you take a shovel down after it crashed out little bit and shelled it on roads. {D: Had rows the time.} Interviewer: Uh the scraper would uh get rid of the weeds is #1 that? # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And the choppers what would they do? 503: Yeah they chop the cotton. Interviewer: Chop the? 503: Grass and weeds out of the cotton that leaves with sound cotton. Interviewer: Oh in between? 503: Yes. Interviewer: Uh-huh I see. Um. And it was all by by hand? 503: #1 Yeah that's right. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: Yeah you right about that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh. 503: Now there's uh this day and time there's not much chopping going on. Interviewer: It's all machinery 503: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. The um but the middle buster then uh I'm not sure I get that straight. Middle buster would make it a uh? 503: A row. Interviewer: A row. Uh-huh. Would you ever call it would that be a furrow then or? 503: Well it it would be a furrow in that in the middle there where it where it went you know if you had laid that dirt out. Interviewer: I see. 503: And then you'd come back on the other side then well it would row it up. Interviewer: I see and cover it over 503: Yes. Interviewer: Uh-huh. If you uh planted grass and you cut it uh once what would you call the next crop uh? 503: {D: You call that.} Interviewer: Yeah if you would uh plant some grass um and uh then you'd cut it early in spring #1 how? # 503: #2 That # that'd be the second cutting for it. Interviewer: And uh when about when would that come uh? 503: Probably it'd come uh so once out here cut it the first time but {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh well you know when you get two three crops. 503: Yeah. {D: Well somebody would say pick t- two} {D: cr- uh two crops.} Interviewer: And uh you could uh could you count on that pretty much uh? 503: Well I oh did. To haunt anything Interviewer: Mm. The uh you mentioned uh scraping the cotton what kind of uh weeds did you did you have to gr- {D: grow up} with? 503: Well just uh Interviewer: #1 The same things? # 503: #2 {X} # wood and grass. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh the same thing that you get now 503: That's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Uh do you think that cockleburs are worse now than they used to be or not? 503: Well. I have been too far in the woods and for several years but uh they they say it's pretty bad. Interviewer: Somebody uh told me that that the uh these machines that clean beans 503: Yeah. Interviewer: go along and plant #1 cockleburs. # 503: #2 Yeah. # {D: Planting silk} {D: Right.} Interviewer: {X} I guess you kind of uh. 503: Yeah uh these uh combines you see uh it uh saves your beans The- they get a lot of cockleburs in them too. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 503: And uh it's it's rather hard labor to get 'em all out. Interviewer: Mm. Well you you seem to think the machine is gone along and planted #1 cockleburs. # 503: #2 Yeah I # imagine I imagine so. {NW} Interviewer: Um. 503: {NW} Interviewer: When you uh when you take some uh corn in to have it ground how much would you take in uh? 503: well you could go whether you wanted uh {D: had more than a quarter} you want. If uh you wanted to make cornbread well one minute folks carried over half bush- a bushel. Interviewer: Yeah. 503: Carry it to the mill and have a pound of corn you know that it take out little uh {D: tool you know.} Interviewer: Mm-hmm yeah. 503: {X} Interviewer: How much is a turn? How much uh how much corn would be a turn of corn? 503: Turn of corn? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: Uh I think a thousand pounds. I mean two thousand pounds. Interviewer: Two tons. 503: Two tons. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 No that's # thousand pounds. Interviewer: Oh s- 503: Thousand pounds that's right. Interviewer: Uh-huh uh and uh after how would you buy uh wheat flour how would you how would you buy that? 503: Well they used to buy it in the bag. Interviewer: Mm. 503: But uh they got so mad about five pounds. {NW} Interviewer: Uh before they uh when you went to the store before they had it packaged {X} like they have now uh you could get five pounds and you'd just get it out of the barrel is that uh? 503: No uh {D: well there's a lot I know about that} I know uh I know what number the five pound gotta weigh I don't think. twenty-five pound bag I would guess is the least allegory. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: even now. But my I think I'm I'm certain now that {X} the five pounds {D: goes scoops that in a} little bag. Interviewer: Mm. 503: And I I reckon they've uh they put it in little bags all the time. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 503: Uh I reckon I don't know. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. Uh how did molasses come how could you buy molasses? 503: Well that's uh that's a thing a fella can grow too. A farmer can grow that. Interviewer: Mm. 503: And they did grow it on a farm. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 503: But the uh the farmer raid it and stretch it and uh hauled it to the mill and here the mill so was able to make it up you know so they'd put it in kegs and barrels and jugs or whatever they have and carry it on home. Interviewer: I see. Um um you'd uh let's see to make molasses you'd have to to uh press out the? 503: Yeah. Yeah you'd that's run through a sorghum mill. Interviewer: What would you call um? 503: And it's got two big uh wheels on it and uh they press it together. And uh that's used to draw it on out to the pan and then they cook it. Interviewer: Mm. Um what would the uh is this uh would it be on a flat pan or? 503: Oh yeah cook it yeah. Interviewer: And uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: and just boil it #1 down? # 503: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 that's right. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: What you call a sorghum pan. Interviewer: I see. Um what uh they'd they'd have a have a boiler or {D: fire} would they or? 503: They had a had a pit made under that pan to keep it filled up with wood and now I imagine some of 'em now cook spaghetti maybe. Interviewer: Oh I see. How would they draw out the smoke uh? 503: They'd have a {X} on the end of it. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: About as high as that door maybe not #1 {D: quite as high.} # Interviewer: #2 {D: Interesting.} # I see. So the none of the smoke or anything get #1 {X} # 503: #2 Oh no. # Interviewer: #1 through the uh # 503: #2 Oh no. # Interviewer: {D: molasses.} And uh did you ever see did you ever did they make make barrels around here uh? 503: No sir. I don't think they made any around here. I don't know where they made {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I was wondering uh if had the staves and they had wrap uh. 503: I don't know. I don't know where they made any. Interviewer: Uh-huh. How did you uh if you bought a uh had some molasses either uh bought it or you made it uh how would you keep it on the table? 503: Well I have uh have what you call a lasses molasses pitcher. Interviewer: I see. Uh do you remember as a boy would you always have that on the table? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: You would? 503: I've got it on there right now yeah. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Uh you use it uh for what? Uh. 503: Just to eat with pudding biscuit and cornbread or {X} either way you want. Interviewer: I see uh. 503: Uh majority of the people now they gets their their sorghum from Benton county up there it's it's it's better sorghum that they make some real good sorghum up #1 there. # Interviewer: #2 Mm. # 503: And then they end up not too many folks raise it around here now. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. I guess molasses is is good for you s- #1 {X} # 503: #2 Yeah it sure I've # I'll be eating #1 all my life. # Interviewer: #2 Good for your b- # good for your blood uh. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} um How would you uh do you have pepper sauce on the table? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: Yeah you put some uh {D: I can't add call it vinegar now} {X} they would go together and um {D: you'll have a} bowl or something Interviewer: Mm. 503: That's called pepper sauce. Interviewer: {D: Sauce.} Do you uh plug the bottle with a cork #1 or uh? # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: And the cork was the cork hard to to get? 503: Well uh I don't know about that now uh I just use regular at home all the time and now what's it called uh good ol' uh regular something to put in you know. Interviewer: #1 Uh. # 503: #2 Uh. # And uh it's got a glass outfit to it. Interviewer: Oh I 503: Up down it. Interviewer: uh-huh kinda stoppled? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And you mentioned uh the paper bags uh for flour now uh do you remember how they used to to uh uh what kind of bags did they used to have way back? #1 {X} # 503: #2 Well # the biggest I ever remember about is uh fifty pound sacks. Interviewer: What would they be made out of? 503: They'll be made out of cloth. Interviewer: And what {X} uh is that a tow sack? 503: No and uh that was just a regular flour sack they called it and uh it was made out of cloth. Interviewer: Mm. 503: Some kinda cloth I don't know what kinda. Interviewer: What do what do uh people mean when they talk about a tow sack or crocker sack? 503: well that's uh that's where you all it is is a potatoes things such as that comes in you know. Interviewer: Is that a 503: Tow sack I w- uh yeah. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: That's uh that's right. Interviewer: I see be cheaper than 503: Yeah. Interviewer: regular cloth. 503: Yeah you know uh. Interviewer: I see. Did you have paper sacks when you were a boy uh? 503: {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever have any paper sacks or #1 paper s- # 503: #2 Yes sir. # Yes sir. Interviewer: They didn't always have 'em. 503: Yeah uh-huh. Interviewer: And so you mentioned uh the creek that uh let's see here grandparents lived on the other side of the creek right? Um what uh uh what's the small or what's something smaller than a creek uh? #1 Uh. # 503: #2 {X} # branch. Interviewer: Branch is smaller than #1 that uh # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Uh-huh you have anything that you'd call a pond a bayou bayou around here? 503: No. No. Interviewer: Guess that's a little closer to the river. Yeah. And uh suppose the uh rain washes a place out of the bank uh what's that what do you call that thing uh? 503: Well that's just a washout. {D: Right.} Interviewer: Uh-huh and uh you've got some hills around here but you guess you don't really have any uh anything you'd call a mountain right? 503: No we uh don't no have no mountains nope. {D: Here and now.} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # They uh they gotta working in Mississippi there's a place there's a town there called Blue Mountain. 503: Is it? Interviewer: And I can't find the mountain I just. 503: {NW} I r- I know about that town I've heard about it and I read about it too. Interviewer: Uh it's uh it's pretty flat down #1 there. # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Su- I'd suppose it's just a little kind of a hill one they one they called a mountain. And uh would you tell me about the trees that you remember uh uh trees that you had mostly around here uh what kind of trees would you find in 503: Well Interviewer: the woods? 503: all of 'em. Oak and elm. There's two mighty good wood. Interviewer: Mm. 503: For wood. And uh there's not very much popular now there used to be. And that used to make mighty good stove wood better for cooking. Aux 1: Pokers you see. Interviewer: Mm. 503: There's not too much wood burnt now this day and #1 time. # Interviewer: #2 Oh # most it's too hard to come by. 503: Yeah it is. {NW} Interviewer: Uh did you ever have um um buttonball or sycamore or tree uh? 503: Now what kind? Interviewer: Uh did you ever hear of a buttonball or buttonwood tree? Some people it may be the same thing as a sycamore uh but you you have those uh. 503: I don't know that I've ever heard of that. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh I've seen some magnolias around #1 here uh # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: let me ask you did you ever hear folks call that a cucumber tree? 503: I've heard of that. Interviewer: Is that right? 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # Uh. 503: But I I don't know. I've never seen one but I know of it. Interviewer: Do you think it's the same as a magnolia uh or uh? 503: I don't know. Aux 1: {D: I can't continue translating.} Interviewer: It's an interesting uh word uh 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 for a # cucumber tree. Uh what do you have that's poisonous uh make your skin break out #1 uh? # 503: #2 Poison oak. # Interviewer: Poison oak uh ever have anything that a bush that turns red in the fall uh? Uh. 503: That's called a red bush I think. Interviewer: Red bush uh-huh. 503: {D: That'd be red bush here.} Interviewer: Same as a shoemake uh? 503: I don't know about that. Interviewer: Um and do you know of anything that uh will poison cows if they eat uh if they eat it? 503: No. I don't only uh This {X} you put on {X} #1 I think # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh. # 503: that'll kill 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh did you ever hear of uh mountain laurel? Laurel uh? 503: Never did. Interviewer: The uh somebody said that if a cow eats eats that uh well either she'll get sick or she'll die it's uh supposed to be poisonous uh. 503: Now this uh historian if you get now put it on the crops will will kill. Interviewer: Oh it will? Oh. 503: Now my brother a long time ago {D: hell} he killed the last milk cow he had and he was {X} Interviewer: Oh I'm sorry. 503: He thought he was giving her salt at the time. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: It it killed her right down dead. Interviewer: How about different bugs that uh sting you? Uh. 503: Different bugs that sting you? Interviewer: Yes sir uh. the kind that uh you might be {X} big out #1 {D: side?} # 503: #2 {D: Bum-} # {D: Bumblebee might bite or sting.} {NW} Uh a horsefly might sting. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: Horsefly. Interviewer: How about uh do you know of any that build their nests in the ground? 503: Yeah. {X} That's a #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # Uh how about the ones that build their nests up uh kind of a paper nest hands down? {X} Pick up the 503: Uh I forget now what kind of bee that's called. But that that's a bee all right. Interviewer: Uh have those around here? 503: Yeah uh but just a few of 'em. Interviewer: And how about the uh things that uh build nests out of uh dirt? 503: Well I've got uh I've got a few of them birds. That's that's what that is. It's it's it's. My home now that has a barn. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 503: And uh I don't know what they're called. And I never did uh never did know about 'em 'til a few years ago. Interviewer: Mm. 503: {X} uh I know some of 'em up on the doors but it {D: strapped her mud or pane on} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 503: red stuff hold it together. Interviewer: Uh are the- are they supposed to be uh poisonous? Will they give you a? 503: I don't know I d- I don't {D: regularly have 'em.} Interviewer: But uh but you haven't seen it until just the last few years #1 is that right? # 503: #2 No. # Uh there was even uh for the last few years. Interviewer: And how about they uh uh little bugs that sh- you get in the summer and maybe itch but they don't really hurt? Uh what'd you used to call them? buzz around in the summer and sting you #1 {X} # 503: #2 Skeeters. # Mosquitoes. Interviewer: Skeeters? 503: #1 Skeeters # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: uh yeah. Interviewer: And uh the ones that uh get under your skin if you walk through uh? 503: That's chiggers. Interviewer: #1 That's chiggers? # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Uh-huh. And uh it's chiggers that can make you pretty sick uh? 503: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {X} {NW} And the green things that jump uh in your garden? 503: {D: I don't know.} Interviewer: the uh some people call 'em grasshopper 503: #1 Grasshopper? Grasshoppers # Interviewer: #2 Grasshopper. # 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Did anybody ever call 'em hopper grass? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: #1 Is that right? # 503: #2 Uh-huh. # Call it that too. Interviewer: Hopper grass huh. And uh in the in the morning you might see a a spider {D: spreading} some kinda web in the garden. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that a dew web or a spider web #1 or what? # 503: #2 It's s- # spiderwebs. Interviewer: Spiderweb. If you see one in the house what do you call that uh? 503: Spiderwebs. Interviewer: Spiderweb too. And the barn if it gets dusty and uh? 503: Called a spiderweb too. Interviewer: And the uh {NW} bugs that fly around uh your light in the summer? 503: That's um That's called some kinda fly I don't know around what kind it is They've got a name for 'em. Interviewer: Is that the same thing that uh eats your clothes? Right? Supposed to get in wool and I think eat the 503: I don't know. Interviewer: wool. I've heard different names uh can- candle #1 fly. # 503: #2 Candle # fly that's that's what I was trying to think of. Interviewer: Right uh uh-huh. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And the other ones uh are those uh do you call those moths? That get in your clothes you know #1 and you have to. # 503: #2 Yeah. # Moths. Interviewer: Is that right? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: How about the bugs that fly around and flash on and off the light uh? 503: That's a lightning bug. Interviewer: {X} And the ones that uh go over water and hover go like this and shoot over #1 here. # 503: #2 That's # uh that's a snake doctor we always called that. {NW} Interviewer: I see. 503: {X} Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 {X} # Interviewer: All right. 503: I reckon we're gonna get back to town uh I'm supposed to be back home five oh clock anyway and I got a little walk around town. Interviewer: All right sir all right. Wonder could I ask you just a few questions about birds before we leave #1 or? # 503: #2 Well # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 I don't know much # about birds now. Interviewer: {X} I was just wondering about the owls uh that you remember uh as a boy. 503: Well what's called a {D: woo owl.} Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: They were uh {D: could} be something {X} wasn't too large bout the size of good sized cat. Interviewer: Mm. 503: I'd say. And uh they'd uh get around trees somewhere and {NW} #1 they'd say. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # I see uh and uh the the wood the uh birds that peck into the wood? 503: Pecker wood what we always called 'em. Interviewer: Uh-huh. And different uh did you have different kinds of squirrel here uh? 503: Well you don't don't don't have too much different types types of squirrels. Interviewer: Uh-huh. The uh. 503: There's uh gray and a fox Interviewer: #1 I see. # 503: #2 {X} # {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh did you have um something that looks like a squirrel runs on the ground uh? 503: That's a ground squirrel. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Ground squirrel. # They they're around here #1 right? # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: Uh-huh and uh things that get after your chickens? Uh. 503: That's uh that's um {NW} fox. Interviewer: Uh I see. 503: Fox would get #1 after. # Interviewer: #2 You ever # hear of anything that looks like a fox he's but he's black and white and he smells pretty bad if you'd scare him? 503: Well I I don't think I have a {D: necessary} that's a skunk I think you're talking about. Now #1 {D: the only one} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: that I've ever seen there were one or two {X} down here on this side of home (X) {X} {X} {NW} Interviewer: I guess if you ever get it in your clothes you can't #1 {X} # 503: #2 Oh boy no sir. # Interviewer: Did uh folks ever call a foxes uh varmints is that uh? 503: Yeah. Yeah I think so. Interviewer: Weasels and uh uh. 503: Well kinda I'm not very know very much about the weasels. Interviewer: That's common. Does anything that's a nuisance you might call a? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh varmint is that? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And uh you remember different kinds of fr- of frogs uh the uh the big ones? 503: Well there's bullfrog and uh don't know what kind the others are called. Tree frog. Interviewer: Tree frog? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: And the ones in your garden are little little things. 503: Yeah. {D: I I don't know.} Interviewer: To- toad frog is that? 503: Toad frog Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: And turtles how about uh {x} turtles um? 503: I don't know. Interviewer: #1 Somebody s- # 503: #2 Terrapins. # Interviewer: Terrapin. 503: Terrapins. Interviewer: Can you eat a terrapin or do you have #1 {X} # 503: #2 I don't know. # {D: A t- curl uh} turtle and a terrapin I reckon it's the same thing uh Interviewer: #1 About the same thing? # 503: #2 now a lot of # times he stretches he catches that wild uh creature or an animal or something like that. Interviewer: Oh um Mr.Gibbs would you like to use the bathroom uh? 503: #1 Yes that would be good. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # All right go on in here. 503: {D: The bathroom?} You've got a nice place fixed up here. Interviewer: It's a nice place all right uh. Well you were telling me a lot of things that I haven't heard and uh I'd like to have a chance to talk to you again if I could uh. 503: Well. Interviewer: Like to ask you about the things you used to eat when you were born and uh 503: #1 Well {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Something #1 about. # 503: #2 {X} # Interviewer: oh that's fine. 503: {X} {NS} They {NS} used to be {NS} built you know a logs. Hew 'em out. Interviewer: Oh did you? {NS} 503: Oh yeah. Interviewer: Yeah? {NS} uh Would you tell me how you did that? {NS} 503: Well I don't know. Interviewer: What you kept in the buildings after you {NS} 503: Oh these logs was cut the length of one of the rooms. and uh They'd hew 'em out with a hew ax. and uh Big long blade with a handle in it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: And they'd hew 'em out and then they'd build a house then and put a sticks and mortar between the logs. Fill it up you know? Interviewer: I see. Keep the wind out huh? 503: Yeah. And then you could weather board over it uh anything you wanted to. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: And I got a house down at home now. It's got two log rooms and another one up up above it there little piece. Interviewer: I see. 503: There was more build onto it. but uh Do you have some gum? Interviewer: Think so. Doing fine OK. {NS} Thanks. 503: uh And these uh these rafters was made out of um poplar. And the logs too. There was in them days they'd plant a poplar you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and uh These rafters made out a limbs you know? uh That is uh saplings. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and uh They had the lathe cut I reckon. They seem like they got a good lathe on them. Interviewer: mm-hmm and they uh The logs were mostly out of poplar then? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: They they were some good timber that you had them days. Couldn't get nothing for it. Interviewer: mm-hmm What um {NW} do you is that is that the kinda house where you grew up? uh 503: No. This is my wife's mother's house. Grandmother Elle. Interviewer: I see. 503: and uh {NS} This this place here where I {X} now was where she was bred born and raised. Interviewer: Oh I see. 503: I lived across the creek close to the bottom from there. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 So you knew your wife # most of your life then? 503: Yeah well for a long time yes sir. and uh She was raised there and so at the place there was three hundred acres I think in that place. Well after the old woman died uh it had to be divided up. So there's several {X} then come in. and uh My wife's mother got the home place with sixty eight eight tenths acres I believe it was. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and so We lived across the creek over in my home town for about five or six years and we moved over then to four twenty and been there ever since. Interviewer: Ever since huh? 503: Well I did move to town one time. I was supposed to work at a gin and I got fired and Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 503: #2 {NW} # I moved back. Interviewer: uh-huh um would you uh {NW} Do you know what they used two rooms for in the log house there? uh Was one for uh one kinda bedroom and the other 503: Well uh I don't know at that time. Now this here was put on there before me and her was married. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and uh {NS} Her living room I mean her store room and the dining room was what they were called. But uh we finally put a kitchen on that other side of it and we used it then for a dining room and living room and used the other two rooms for bedrooms. Interviewer: I see. {NS} I'd like to make a sketch of that so I'm sure that I know what uh {NS} that I know what that's like. {NW} {NS} 503: There's a hall between it a boxed in hall {NS} {NS} and upstairs. Interviewer: Maybe you oughta make the sketch because you can see it uh 503: Well Interviewer: uh 503: you can you can write better than I can. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} uh {NW} uh So you started with the two rooms. 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: uh-huh and that's uh and those And to that you added an L? 503: Well before that now there was a there was a hall between these these two rooms here. Interviewer: Was that closed in? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: But it was uh weather board and uh boxed in. it uh And then the L and it was on the this room here. If you turn it around this way it'll be just just the other way. It'll be just like the house is sitting. Interviewer: {D: I see.} 503: Now now then uh rooms the L room and uh Interviewer: Well 503: was Interviewer: wait 503: was right there. Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh 503: And then it had a porch end from uh close here and uh used to be uh front front of the house over here. It used to be a road a big road that went down uh some little bit from there and the fork met the railroad down yonder. and uh They changed the road up then and put it back up on this side of the house. Interviewer: In the back, uh {NW} and then you you added a a dining room here? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: And a store room? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: And then you added a kitchen? 503: Well uh that #1 that was # Interviewer: #2 {D: you remember?} # 503: a store room and a kitchen all together there and then you used one of them L rooms right there for a dining r- room. Interviewer: I see now. uh This this would be the uh the first room you added would be a dining room here? 503: Yes sir. No that that'll be the first room. Coming outta this room would be a living room. Interviewer: Oh I see. That's what you added. 503: mm-hmm Interviewer: uh-huh 503: It was added when I went there and then uh this shared room was a store room and they used this one for a dining room at that time. But her father then uh come close share then with a porch and uh {D: won't map uh} our kitchen right in there. Interviewer: In here? 503: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # That used to be a porch but then you boarded it in #1 to be a kitchen. # 503: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: And uh what did you use as oh then you used the store room for the dining room. 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: uh-huh uh What room did you keep uh the things that you uh didn't want to throw away but uh didn't have a use for then after you lost the store room? uh Where did you keep #1 that? uh # 503: #2 Well we we kept # them upstairs. Most of the time. Interviewer: I see. 503: Had up upstairs this uh lower room and uh and the hall. Interviewer: uh-huh And how did you get up there? um 503: Had steps to go up just like them. Interviewer: uh Were were they along in here someplace? uh {NS} Steps? 503: Well. Let me see. {NS} {NS} {NS} You went up here in the hall. Interviewer: I see. 503: And then this door then is core to each room. That is uh except the the uh room down the way. Now it it had uh upstairs the green lap chair. From here I reckon. Interviewer: uh-huh um You mentioned uh in the loft in the barn uh what did you call the upstairs in the house? uh Was that a #1 second story? # 503: #2 We just called it up- # stairs rooms. Interviewer: Upstairs? #1 uh-huh # 503: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: um When you um stored things like that um {NS} uh how would you wife refer to it? Would she say uh uh "We oughta get rid of that old something"? or or how did she uh 503: #1 Well anything that # Interviewer: #2 refer to that? # 503: thing that uh she didn't want to keep 'course we throwed it away but then uh anything she wanted to keep uh we'd say well we'll put it up in the loft. Interviewer: uh-huh What uh would she call it plunder or uh junk or how what would she call it? 503: Just call it mostly junk I think. Interviewer: #1 Junk? uh-huh # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: Some people uh uh used to say plunder I guess #1 or that. Is that right? # 503: #2 Yeah. Yeah. # Interviewer: uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Plunder or junk either one. Either. Either one will work. Interviewer: and uh Then you after you built the air lon- uh you used these two rooms for uh 503: Bedrooms. Interviewer: Both of 'em? 503: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 Bedrooms. # uh-huh I noticed this porch uh did you have anything over the hall door here? 503: #1 Well that # Interviewer: #2 that you # 503: there was a porch come on out over that. uh Th- th- there wasn't in the front of the house used to be the front. at th- th- this side here that's There wasn't no porch there. Interviewer: uh-huh Did you have anything over the door to keep the #1 rain off? # 503: #2 No. # #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # When uh when people have a little roof #1 over a # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: door like that uh 503: That's called a stoop I #1 think. # Interviewer: #2 Is that a stoop? # 503: I believe it's called a #1 stoop. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # I see quite a few can buy them right now and just a #1 little roof. # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: and uh To keep the the rain off. um Okay and in the uh in the living room uh uh what's the furniture? What furniture did you uh have when you started out? uh 503: Well there wasn't too much {NW} when we started out. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: #1 um # Interviewer: #2 {D: Would that be um} # 503: Just a couch and some chairs and table and such things as that. A chest maybe. Interviewer: uh-huh Did you uh have a fireplace? 503: Yes sir there used to be a fireplace in both rooms I don't remember the fireplace in the front room {D: that is it} That's a room this a way. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: But uh I have used it. The fireplace in the other room we used that as a living room a lotta times Interviewer: uh-huh 503: and the first one over there. but uh We had a storm kinda struck that part of it one night and brought a tree down on that chimney and and I just walled it up then. Interviewer: uh-huh When you uh when you burned uh did you burn wood? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: uh-huh When you uh burned wood uh what what how did you hold up the wood off the #1 in the fireplace? # 503: #2 Had had # what you call dog irons. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Hand irons. Interviewer: and uh 503: and uh They were made uh well they had a upright piece here to hold your wood you know? and then uh Down here the end uh made a crook and then one {X} straight out and then another crook end to hold 'em up. That was to hold your wood up off the hearth. Interviewer: I see. 503: Fireplace. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh Over the top of the fireplace did you have a place for the clock or something? 503: Yeah. The mantle piece we called it. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh Would you tell me how you use used to start a fire? um How would you get #1 a fire # 503: #2 {D: oh well uh} # Interviewer: going so #1 that # 503: #2 uh # Well you'd put your wood and kindling in there We got to where we used a {D: cornal} cob Interviewer: {X} 503: Keep a cob in a {D: cornhole} you know a long time and and then put that under there and stick a match to it and you quickly had a #1 good fire. # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah? # #1 uh-huh # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: How about the big um piece of wood that would be uh that would last a long time? 503: That was called a back stick. Interviewer: uh-huh And you put that on the the 503: Yeah. Interviewer: kindling first 503: Yeah. Interviewer: the back stick uh 503: I put your back stick on and then put your kindling in the front of it on and then keep adding little wood to it. Interviewer: uh-huh did you How would you keep the chimney uh clean so that the #1 {X} # 503: #2 Well it # it was a pretty good size anyway you know and so uh then once in a while they'd catch a fire and burn out I have had that still. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Have that done. Interviewer: mm-hmm did you uh Did you ever hear of birds called chimney sweeps? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Is that right? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh I heard about 'em and read about 'em but I don't know uh would they actually get down in the 503: Yeah they'd they'd go down in the chimney. Interviewer: Is it true #1 they'd get # 503: #2 and uh # Interviewer: clean the 503: Yeah. I I reckon they'd help to keep it clean. Interviewer: They actually uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: they just beat their #1 wings and # 503: #2 That's right. # Interviewer: {NW} 503: {NW} Then they'd go on out the top. {NW} Interviewer: uh-huh um {D: Now when did you} When they get all over the did they get covered with uh 503: Well uh they might have I don't know but then uh they could have flew out you know and got uh kinda flop their wings and uh Interviewer: {X} 503: Hello mister. Aux Speaker 1: How do you do? Interviewer: Come on in. 503: So uh they they wouldn't Aux Speaker 1: {D: ain't enough for you?} 503: Yeah. Aux Speaker 1: Okay. 503: {NW} Aux Speaker 1: {X} 503: That's all. Interviewer: So there you go. And the stuff that uh would be up there you just called uh that black stuff that would would be up there 503: Soot. Interviewer: The the soot. and uh the uh What would you do with the ashes? uh 503: Well you'd take take them up and uh put 'em in a tub or bucket or something and carry one of those. Interviewer: uh-huh Did you have any use for it? uh 503: Well people used to make soap you know. and uh Fix you a frame that would hold ashes you know and uh that have something at the bottom to catch it and pour water in there then let it run through them ashes and cook it. I I don't know exactly how it was made #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: I don't remember that. Interviewer: uh-huh did uh {NW} Did you ever use that lye to to make uh anything out of corn? Did you ever soak corn in that lye to make a 503: #1 Well. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: Yes. Yeah they'd a done that I think. Interviewer: They would they uh I'm not sure about it uh did they uh the lye would loosen the 503: Loosen the husk on that corn I guess. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: and uh I I don't remember very much about that. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Women folk were always taking care of that part of it. Interviewer: I see. So you stayed away from it huh? uh the uh kitchen Do you remember where you uh what you had in the kitchen and where you kept the food and things like that? uh 503: Well you'd keep it in the {NS} different places in the kitchen and st- you had a stove in there you know. so Interviewer: Was that wood or coal? uh 503: Wood. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Until electric come in and started using an electric stove. Interviewer: You never used coal? uh 503: No sir. Interviewer: Never did. 503: I never did cook any with coal. Interviewer: Did you used to heat with coal? um 503: No. They used to heat there in town with coal. Interviewer: uh-huh uh would keep would it be pretty expensive to uh Would the coal be more I suppose be more expensive than the wood because you had the wood. 503: #1 Yeah. Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Would that uh # 503: you you had the wood you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Out in the country. Had very little coal burned here now I guess. Interviewer: mm-hmm Where did they keep the coal in? uh Would they 503: Well lotta folks just put it out in the yard and then they could have a coal house for it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: One that had that Interviewer: And then did they bring it in in a 503: Bucket. Interviewer: A bucket? 503: Coal bucket. Interviewer: uh-huh and {NW} How did you keep things cool uh How did you keep the milk cold? {NW} {NS} 503: Well we were lucky. When we moved back to this place I got now there was an old dug well bricked up from the bottom and my wife's mother kept food in that dug well a lotta time. Well all the time when you when you need it Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: And uh 'course we kept it up when we went there. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: But at first when we first married were I think were couple a barrels down in the ground about stick out the top about that much you know and keep milk and butter and stuff in that. {X} Interviewer: I see. It would keep pretty good? um 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Did you have anything in the kitchen called a safe? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Did ya? uh-huh 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: And what was that like? uh Was that just kind of a cabinet or 503: Yes sir. It's uh more cabinet than anything else I guess. Uh it wasn't just a called a safe and uh it was built on the to the wall Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: cabinet. Interviewer: Did it have metal or in it? Or not? uh 503: Yes sir. Some of us has. Now I've got a I've got an old safe there now. I think it's metal all over. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: The back and all. and uh Interviewer: On the outside or the inside? uh 503: Outside I think. Interviewer: Outside. 503: and uh It's it's metal all over and got uh metal legs on it you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm How about the uh bedrooms would you tell me uh uh what the beds were like and what you had what you kept your clothes in things #1 like that? uh # 503: #2 Well # we had uh an old wardrobe there for a long time that uh sit up in one corner. It's still there. and We'd keep our clothes hanging up in that. And the closets together to the steps you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm Oh I #1 see # 503: #2 {X} # Interviewer: A closet underneath the steps? uh 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: here. uh-huh 503: Yeah both of it both the steps was rolled up in the closet there just like that door there. Interviewer: mm-hmm and uh did the uh Did your wife have a place and a piece of furniture with a mirror or anything? 503: Yes sir. Yes she she had some of them too that's that's what you called a dresser. Interviewer: That was a dresser? And the wardrobe then was one of these big uh 503: One of these big things we always told 'em that uh shelf there. Interviewer: uh-huh About uh eight eight feet high? 503: Yeah. Yeah it's it's eight ten feet high it's it's just uh about that much going into the loft #1 in that room. # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see. # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh-huh And how about the beds? um What did you um what did you use for a mattress and things like that? 503: Well Interviewer: Uh when you were 503: We used uh used to use a old straw mattress. We'd get wheat straw it was in the spring you know if you need it and uh make a new mattress. Until they got to where they could buy 'em you know? and so After they got to where they could buy 'em uh kinda done away with those old straw mattresses. Interviewer: mm-hmm did you uh {NW} Did you sleep on this on a straw then? uh 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: And you'd redo it every spring? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: {X} 503: Well we used to have feather beds you know. and uh You'd just sleep sleep on them feather beds in the winter time especially at night. Hell I slept on them through the summer. Interviewer: uh-huh and um What would you keep over you to keep uh warm? 503: Quilts. Interviewer: Quilts? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh 503: Bed spreads. Such as that. Interviewer: uh Kind of a bed spread in the summer? and quilt in the win- #1 ter- # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: -s? uh-huh 503: That's right. A sheet in the summer. And a sheet maybe most of the time between you and the cover. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: In the winter time. Interviewer: and How about the uh pillows? How were What were they made out of? 503: They were made out of feathers. Now you pillows was made out of other stuff. but uh We always used the feather pillows. Interviewer: mm-hmm Never used cotton very much for anything? uh 503: Sir? Interviewer: You never used cotton 503: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 for # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: No not very much. Interviewer: How about the uh one of those long things that co- that covered the whole bed that you'd use? Some people I guess slept on 'em some people just used them for {X} 503: That is that is a bedspread I imagine. Interviewer: Well this was uh kind of a roll. and it It'd be where the pillows were. {NS} 503: That was a bolster. Interviewer: Bolster? 503: Bolster. Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: They uh there used to be a lot of 'em. Interviewer: Was that uh mostly 503: it'd be long. Interviewer: uh-huh Aux Speaker 2: {X} Interviewer: I didn't catch that. Aux Speaker 2: Could you tell me where you buy your tags at for your car? Interviewer: Do you know where they buy tags for their cars? 503: Right up there in the front. The first door but they're closed today. Aux Speaker 2: They be closed on Saturday? 503: Closed on every Saturday. You could get 'em Monday. Aux Speaker 2: Monday? {NS} Interviewer: um Did did you use this bolster or was it mostly to look good? 503: Oh yeah you you could use it. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Other folks used it to sleep on Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and pillow too maybe. Interviewer: Oh I see. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: I see. Both of 'em hmm? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh um Did you ever when you were a boy where did you spend most of the time with the family say uh in the winter? Did you have one room where the whole family would be? 503: Yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh Do you happen to remember what you'd call that? uh 503: Well they'd just uh the room in there with the fireplace I reckon. Where the fire was. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 Living # Interviewer: #2 Did you ever # 503: room I reckon and a bedroom too. Interviewer: uh-huh Did you ever hear that called a {D: a big room?} 503: Yeah. Yeah I've heard it called that. Interviewer: {D: Big room.} 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # That's that's the one place where everybody 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh could be. 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # And in the uh You had a couch when you were first married in the living room. uh Did you have did you ever use uh Any other words for that uh come to mind? 503: Well I can't remember. Interviewer: uh uh What I'm interested in is uh a lot of people call them today uh davenports and sofas and things like that that I'm wondering if you uh remember using. 503: No. uh It's just I think they was just called couch them #1 days. # Interviewer: #2 Couch? # uh #1 huh # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: I guess these are these words are you know fashionable. 503: {NW} Interviewer: uh In this L here the roof must have come down like this right? 503: It did. Interviewer: and 503: Yeah. Interviewer: What did you call this place where the rain would fall down? uh 503: Uh that's a gutter. Interviewer: That's the gutter? uh-huh Where the two where the roof 503: mm-hmm Interviewer: joins? 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Like # that. Did you ever catch the rain and uh 503: No uh you could uh always put a piece of tin gutter tin that that place you know that uh water come down from each place {NS} and uh keep it from going under your boards. {D: Shim it} the roof with what you Interviewer: uh-huh 503: had. Interviewer: Then you'd uh would you catch the water down uh as it fell off #1 Well # 503: #2 the roof? uh # {NW} if you wanted to catch it you could catch it. If you didn't well just let it go on the ground. Interviewer: mm-hmm and uh How did you keep the light from coming in? Did you have something over the windows? 503: Oh yeah. Shades. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Curtains or something like that. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh let's see Oh and I wanted to ask you uh If somebody came and to visit and uh you didn't have a bed for them uh how would they sleep? Where would they 503: Well they'd they'd {X} always had beds #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I see. # uh-huh 503: Extra beds ya know. Interviewer: {D: Probably.} When uh when a boy uh fell into a bed in the summer uh that might be too hot you might want to make his bed on the floor. um 503: He'd he'd put him a quilt down there and get down there on the floor. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Call it a pallet. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: {NW} Interviewer: It was kind of a treat was it? 503: Yeah I've slept on them anywheres. Pallet that a way. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # Something different. uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: You mentioned uh putting barrels down in the ground for the milk uh did you ever hear anybody call that uh Did you have a place called a dairy? uh 503: No I don't think that was uh that. A dairy I thought was uh a place where you milk a lot of cows. {C: tape speed and audio quality changes over next two speaker turns} {Sometimes would they keep filling it} {Well if they mighta had that I don't know about that but uh.} {No my my my wife had where we could always keep it in the kitchen and store them together you see.} Interviewer: {uh-huh} {The thing I was interested in was uh uh} {a kitchen a closet or a pantry or something like that?} 503: Yeah. Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: They they's been a lot of them as as far as that's concerned. Interviewer: uh-huh Which which one uh which word would you use? uh 503: Kitchen pantry I guess. Interviewer: Uh which would be an extra room? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh mm-hmm How did uh How did your wife uh oh keep the house clean? uh How did she uh 503: Well she used a broom. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Broom at that time. And a mop after it got to where you could get mops. Interviewer: uh-huh Mostly sweep up? uh 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Broom. Where did she keep the broom? uh 503: Sir? Interviewer: When she wasn't using the broom where did she keep it? 503: She kept it up it one of the corners room uh. In the house. Somewhere. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh Would you tell me uh best you can remember how did she keep your clothes clean? uh 503: Well #1 she'd uh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # and soap right? uh 503: #1 Yeah. Oh yeah. # Interviewer: #2 use her own soap? # uh-huh 503: uh We were first married 'course there wasn't no such thing as washing machines at that time and you'd uh I'd built a fire out in the yard a million a million a times and drawed water and filled up the pot to get hot water you know to wash with. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and then uh She'd do that washing with a tub and old wash board. Scrub 'em you know. {NW} Interviewer: Sounds like a lot of work. 503: Well it it was. It was. Sure. Interviewer: How did uh she get the soap out when she she'd scrub the soap in? 503: She she'd wring 'em. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: uh Wrench 'em I mean and uh wrang 'em out. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: It all would come out. Interviewer: mm-hmm and {NW} Did you use that soap to uh wash your face with? or 503: No No uh The tortoise soap's what you'd use to wash your face with and this here was P and G soap I imagine. Interviewer: uh-huh uh-huh The uh lye soap would be pretty 503: Yeah. Interviewer: pretty rough on your skin. 503: Well that's that's what's {X} run through the ashes you know and make soap. I've I've done it many a time. I've I've poured water in it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: 'Course it done the soap making. Interviewer: and uh I meant to ask you uh how did you keep the rain out from coming in the house? Did you have uh 503: #1 Well it had a # Interviewer: #2 to keep your # 503: had a roof over it you know. Interviewer: {X} What did you have on the roof? um did you have to Did you make your shingles? or 503: Well lotta folks did. #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: and then uh We bought some Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: shingles and roofing. Interviewer: did you um You you could just uh uh well I don't know how to say it but uh you could just chop out shingles? Is that uh 503: No you had to That that was called boards at that time. Interviewer: Oh? 503: You had a fool and a little mallet. Made out of wood you know and so you'd stick that board that piece of timber down here and then get your length of the uh width the uh board you wanted and then uh you'd you'd slap it down and then you'd put it down then and uh. The D: frow} had uh had a handle on it you see about that long and you'd catch hold a that and rip that board on down. Interviewer: Oh I see how it is. 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 Pull 'em up # then. 503: mm-hmm Interviewer: uh-huh 503: And a lotta folks used that. Some folks used shingles and some used tin. Interviewer: mm-hmm and {NW} the uh Where'd you go to the bathroom in the old days? uh 503: Out Interviewer: #1 um # 503: #2 Out # the barn a toilet one. {NW} Interviewer: Did you have any uh any joking uh the words for for the toilet? uh You know. 503: Little boys' room. #1 Something like that. # Interviewer: #2 Little boys' room? # 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh Some people I guess call it a privy and 503: Yeah. Interviewer: and uh Anything else comes to mind? uh 503: No. That's only the toilet. hmm The little boys' room #1 something like that. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # uh-huh and uh how did you um How did you get your light to see by at night uh? 503: Well you had {D: coal oil} lamps and set 'em on the table. Just take the chimney off and light that lamp. Interviewer: uh-huh Now did the lamps have um have a mantle or did they have a wick? uh 503: They have a wick. Interviewer: I see. 503: Just turn it up you know and just just had a little screw thing on there and you'd turn it up you know. High as you want it. Interviewer: I see. And the more wick that came up #1 the brighter the # 503: #2 mm-hmm Oh yeah. # Interviewer: I see. 503: Well you get it up too high and it'd smoke the chimney. Interviewer: Oh. so You'd have to have just a certain 503: Yeah. Interviewer: {D: pop the wick out.} When you first got electric um what did you call uh the things that you put in the in the ceiling? uh 503: uh Electric globe. Interviewer: Globe? uh-huh And then later on you started to s- to say uh uh you say today. You don't call 'em globes anymore you call them bulbs right? 503: Bulbs. Yeah. Interviewer: Same thing. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Same thing. Interviewer: Now that's interesting. 503: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: they were the same thing. Interviewer: and uh uh Would you tell me what you'd keep uh what you'd milk into and what you'd keep water in and what you'd keep the scraps from the table in for the #1 hogs? uh # 503: #2 Well # you could uh we had a always had a milk bucket for milk and a water bucket for water. Interviewer: What were what were they made out of? uh 503: They were made out of wood uh some of them and some of them was made out of metal. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: and uh You kept a what you call a slop bucket for the hogs. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: It'd stay kinda greasy all the time Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 503: #2 in- # -side and out. {NW} Interviewer: I think you said um that uh you fed the hogs when you were trying to uh so you would fatten 'em up 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 is it? # You kept 'em in a pen? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: and then you'd You had those uh along the or inside the pen where where you put or how would you empty the slop bucket? uh 503: Well you'd just uh have a trough made there. And just uh pour your slop bucket over in there. Your slop. Pour it in there from out uh From uh outside you'd pour it over the fence or you could have it trough sticking out a little bit and the plant come up to that you know to stop up the hole. and uh You could have a trough sticking out a little bit and you could pour it in there. Interviewer: {X} #1 {X} # 503: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: {X} mm-hmm and uh the {NS} You mentioned a pot in the yard that used to uh used to get the water hot for washing. uh How would your wife boil water in the stove? What would she use? 503: {NW} Well she'd uh put the tea kettle on that's what you call it and uh {NS} fill it up full of water and put it a while the stove. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you have a was that kettle something that would set down in the uh 503: Well yeah. #1 It uh it # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: could do it or you could set it on top of it. Now these uh electric and gas stoves you just gotta {D: place 'course they knows} old than it then you'd set it on top. Interviewer: mm-hmm and 503: But that old wood stove {X} you know. You picked up and set 'em over here and then set that down in there. Interviewer: Right down in the 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh I see. uh What did you use to fry eggs in? 503: A skillet. Interviewer: uh-huh Do you ever remember anything a skillet with uh legs on it? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh Is that right? Would you tell me about that. 503: That uh that uh wasn't called a a skillet I don't think to fry eggs with. That was uh mostly I forgot now what you call 'em. But anyway you'd bake bake potatoes on the fireplace on that. Interviewer: I see. uh Does uh a Dutch oven or anything like that sound familiar? 503: No. Interviewer: uh Spider? or 503: Skillet. Skillet and legs I mean uh top is all I I remember. Interviewer: uh-huh I think some people uh call that an oven and some people call that a spider. 503: #1 Well they coulda done it I don't remember. # Interviewer: #2 {X} uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: The oven is uh is inside the stove you know. That's where you cook your biscuits. Interviewer: uh-huh Well I guess this was uh this was one of the first ovens. Early idea of an oven and they put it in the #1 fireplace. # 503: #2 mm-hmm. Yeah. # Interviewer: By the way did you ever um did your uh wife's mother or grandmother I wonder did they ever make uh some hoe cake and put it in the 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Would they put it in the {X}? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: What would they call that? uh 503: Just hoe hash hoe cake. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And did you did you ever eat any 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: They tell me it was very 503: {X} Was good. Interviewer: uh-huh wood ashes #1 {X} # 503: #2 yeah that's right. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: That's interesting. um Did you have that when you were a boy or did you 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # your own? 503: Well I think that my wife made a few since we've since we've been married. Interviewer: Did she? 503: #1 I think so. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # {X} I'd like to try that sometime. 503: {NW} Interviewer: uh Do you remember uh putting anything in a nest? uh Fool a hen suppose a hen 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh What was that? uh 503: That was a what you call a nest egg. You could buy one. Or several of those. As many as you wanted. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: And put that in that and the old hen would think that was an egg you know and she'd lay an egg again. {NS} Yeah. Interviewer: Yeah. 503: {NW} Interviewer: um If if you bought them what were they called? Were those china? 503: Nest eggs I think. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: I think that's what you call 'em. Interviewer: and uh When you had a a barrel uh say full of molasses and you had something on it to churn uh uh to drain out the molasses 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you remember what that was uh {NS} 503: No. uh You put them barrels I mean molasses in the barrel and you could uh cut out a little piece of leather and tack over that the spout you know and that that would save the 'lasses then from running down. the barrel. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: And draw 'em in the container then you wanted to put 'em in. Interviewer: So {NW} if you y- did you ever have a handle on that spout? Churn? 503: I don't think I have. Interviewer: mm-hmm and uh in the uh Do you ever use the word uh spicket or spigot? uh uh How about faucet? uh 503: Faucets. Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: uh The {NW} dishes uh I wanted to ask you about this. uh Different kinds of sacks that you remember. uh uh Somebody told me that they used to buy flour in uh cloth sacks. 503: Well we talked about that up on the other day you know. Interviewer: Yes uh I forgot to ask you did uh they ever use use a cloth sack to uh do dishes? or 503: Oh yeah. Yes sir. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Make dish rags out of 'em. uh Anything you know uh that a way. Interviewer: uh-huh uh that's uh I wanted to mention that the other day and and uh 503: Lotta folks since they started making 'em flours you know? uh They save 'em and piece 'em up and make a dress out of 'em. Interviewer: mm-hmm So uh it was pretty good #1 pretty good quality and # 503: #2 mm-hmm Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: If a w- if a woman uh huh would like to stay in front of the mirror and and try to make herself 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh What would you say? uh She spends an awful lot of time what? 503: Trying to prep up. Interviewer: #1 Prep up? # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: And uh if a man uh was very proud of the way he looked uh what would you say? You wouldn't say prep up but a man would 503: He was a stuck up dude. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: uh And a woman would uh wear what over her uh over her dress? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: To keep it clean? what 503: That is called a apron. Interviewer: Did it come all the way up or 503: Yeah. Well some of them had a bib you know. #1 And some of them # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: tie around the waist. But a lot of them had a bib ya hear. And uh straps across the shoulders. Interviewer: mm-hmm I wanted to ask you also uh now that's how a woman worked. uh How did uh what kinda clothes would a man in the old days 503: Just about during the time they'd {X} {NW} Interviewer: Did you uh Did you ever hear the word jeans used 503: Jeans? #1 Yes sir. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh So that's not something that just came in the last few years? 503: Oh no I don't think so. uh Jeans jean britches have been uh speak of as long as I can #1 remember. # Interviewer: #2 Is that right? # uh-huh but uh Most of the time you'd wear what over your 503: Overalls and jumpers Interviewer: Jumpers? 503: is what uh we used to wear. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Most of 'em do now. Interviewer: mm-hmm and uh When you went to church uh how did you dress up? 503: Well you'd put on your best you had {NW} most of the time. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: 'Course a lotta times you know lotta folks would just wear their knockabout clothes you know? and and uh They'd uh put on their Sunday suit maybe to go to church. Interviewer: mm-hmm did you uh Would you then was a suit uh three pieces? or 503: Well. Long years ago it was. Interviewer: It was? 503: You hardly can get three pieces now. Interviewer: #1 uh-huh # 503: #2 I don't think. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: and uh The three pieces would be called a 503: Vest Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and a coat and a pair of pants. Interviewer: The vest would button? 503: Yes. Interviewer: {X} #1 How did you keep # 503: #2 uh # Interviewer: your pants up? uh 503: We wore galluses. Interviewer: Galluses? 503: Suspenders. Interviewer: uh-huh No you didn't have belts 503: No. Interviewer: What it mostly uh #1 galluses # 503: #2 uh # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: and uh how much um How much would uh would it cost you to get vice your Sunday best? uh 503: Well I I don't know hardly. I I imagine 'round twenty-five or thirty dollars. You could get a set of clothes. Interviewer: The wool and #1 all three # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: pieces? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Long time ago but then 'course you couldn't do that now. Interviewer: Yeah, uh Did the women carry something to keep the sun off uh 503: What you call an umbrella. Interviewer: mm-hmm That was used for sun as well as #1 rain. # 503: #2 Yeah. # Yeah. Interviewer: and uh How would a woman carry small coins? How what would she put them in? uh She have regular #1 billfold? or # 503: #2 Sh- # -she put them in a billfold and uh hand stacked together. Interviewer: mm-hmm They you didn't use the word purse? uh 503: Well yeah. Used a purse. Interviewer: uh-huh and What would she wear on Sunday? uh Say around her neck or around her wrist? uh 503: Well she'd have a bracelet on a necklace one. Maybe. Interviewer: Did folks ever talk about a pair of beads? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Now is is that how how would they uh 503: Well I believe it's uh I believe it's two different beads that go around your neck. And one of them may be a little longer than the other one and hanging down a little lower. Interviewer: I see. 503: I believe that's the way it was. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: I never did fool with them much. {NW} Interviewer: uh-huh and if um If you bought a new shirt and uh took it out your wife boil it to keep it clean sometimes it would what? uh 503: Well they could always tell when it was standing boiling or not and how much boiling. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and uh You used to put more starch in them than you do now. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: #1 and uh # Interviewer: #2 Would uh # Wh- when they were new if you boiled 'em then you couldn't get the {D: colors} what would uh 503: Well that that'd draw it up. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Then drawed up then. Interviewer: mm-hmm I suppose that'd happen pretty often. 503: Well it did. Sometimes. Interviewer: And if you uh had uh your pocket full of uh all kinds of things some little kid might say uh what do you got in your pocket? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: They're all what? uh Pockets are all 503: Pushed out. Interviewer: uh-huh You'd say pushed out or pulled out? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh I wonder we talked about uh the meat that you had the other day but I didn't get a chance to ask you about which how are what you used uh the milk for. How did you get um did you drink the milk or store it? What would you use milk for? um Did you make anything like clabber or 503: Oh yeah. Interviewer: uh uh 503: Yes sir. I've drank a million glasses a clabber. Interviewer: uh-huh how you 503: They'd uh set it up you know to clabber and then they'd cool it and after {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm Right after you'd uh milk what would you do with the milk to get uh anything out of that? 503: Well you'd strain it. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: You'd uh pour it down another bucket and have a strainer over that and strain it. Interviewer: Well that was that strainer cloth? or uh 503: No uh well a lotta times it was and a lotta times it was metal. Interviewer: So it was a metal? 503: mm-hmm Interviewer: uh-huh and {NW} then you'd uh uh let it set and then the clabber 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: uh And then how about uh did you ever make any cottage cheese? uh Your wife 503: Well I don't I don't know if we ever made any. I've heard of it. Interviewer: uh-huh and After uh you made some butter and you kept it too long and it didn't taste good you'd say well that butter is what? uh 503: Too old. Interviewer: Too old? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Rancid? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: That milk would clabber you know and then churn it. Put it in a big churn and uh have it dashing you know. With uh top with a hole in it that that that handle would come up through and just sit there and churn it. And it'd get your butter. And then take a spoon or a paddle one and get your butter out up out of it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and then uh Put your butter in place and uh your milk in another. Interviewer: mm-hmm Is that a boy's job? to 503: No well yeah I've I've done it many a time. {NW} Interviewer: that's probably uh 503: Then it could be both woman and boy. {NW} Interviewer: Kinda tiresome I suppose. 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: How did you used to uh eat your eggs? How did you 503: I always wanted mine {D: done} {D: dumped} Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Lotta folks want them straight up. Interviewer: Did you uh boil 'em or poach 'em? or 503: Yeah. I've eat 'em all three ways. Interviewer: uh-huh Did they uh When they poach an egg how did they used to do that? Did they just drop it? uh 503: I think so. Interviewer: Think so? 503: Yeah just in some water I think. Interviewer: uh-huh uh 503: And you boil them you'd put them in a tea kettle boil 'em over you know? Let it boil. Interviewer: If you poached them uh uh how would how would they come out? What would 503: They would come out just about half and half I would guess. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: I think I can't eat 'em that a way. {NW} Interviewer: The uh you like the uh the white pretty stiff and the 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: And how about the inside? 503: The inside done too. Interviewer: uh-huh Was all the inside yellow or 503: Yellow. Interviewer: mm-hmm and You don't uh you don't like 'em 503: No I don't. {NW} Interviewer: um I didn't get a chance to talk to you very much about uh corn meal the other day. We you explain how you'd take it in to the crisp mill and uh um I think you said what? About a bushel? 503: Bout yeah a bushel a bushel a peck or you which you wanna care Interviewer: uh-huh And I wanted to ask you more about uh about corn meal and what uh your wife or your mother anything you remember that they used to make out of it. uh 503: Well they used to make corn bread for one thing and then butter cakes I think for another. Corn bread butter cakes. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: And ranch and your chicken dressing you always had to have corn bread for that you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm uh I don't think uh I don't think I mentioned the other day uh corn dodgers? Did I uh 503: Well I I never had much experience with them Interviewer: mm-hmm Or corn dumplings? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh Would you ever would you have those with greens? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Corn dumplings. 503: Yeah you could uh you could make that uh dumplings and uh eat them with most anything you wanted to I guess. Interviewer: mm-hmm It's interesting uh how in different parts of the country they've 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 got different # names #1 for the # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: same thing. uh You had you had hush puppies here right? uh 503: Yeah I think so I've I've heard them talked about but I don't ever eat 'em. Interviewer: uh You don't? mm-hmm Did you have many mush? 503: I've heard of that mentioned too around here. Interviewer: But you don't have to 503: No. Interviewer: care for that? And if you bake some bread out of flour uh what did your wife call that? uh 503: Biscuits or light bread either one. And uh hoe cake. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: That's just where ya just put it all together you know and make a hoe cake and put it on the skillet and put it on turn it over you know. Let it cook on good and done. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: That's called a hoe cake. Interviewer: You uh I guess most people like biscuit better than light bread. 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: mm-hmm {X} 503: Yeah I think so. Aux Speaker 3: Morning. 503: How ya doing? Aux Speaker 3: {X} 503: Pretty fair. Interviewer: and uh did did um Do you remember anything that they used to bake that was sweet? uh Like doughnuts? or or uh 503: Yeah. uh They they make doughnuts sometimes now. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: But then you buy 'em most of the time. Interviewer: mm-hmm Would they have something uh came in a deep dish with apples? uh Peaches something like that? 503: Well yeah. uh A bowl or something like that that you could put uh apples or peaches or something like that in. Interviewer: I was wondering did you ever have much cobbler? Did you ever call it cobbler? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Apple cobbler? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh And that was baked was it uh kinda like a pie? 503: That's right. That's right. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: You put it all together and then put your bread in there with it and uh cook it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Cobbler. Cobbler. Interviewer: uh fish Do you like uh 503: Sir? Interviewer: What kind of fish do you like? uh 503: I don't like any. {NW} Interviewer: So you never went fishing right? 503: No well I used to when I was growing up I stayed on a branch or creek one all the time but uh then I never did eat 'em. Interviewer: I see. 503: {NW} Interviewer: What did you used to catch? uh 503: We'd catch the perch we called 'em. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Just little branch went down in front of the house little creek down below us one. Interviewer: uh-huh What did you use for bait? 503: Worms. Fish and worms. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: Get out there and dig my bait and go fishing. Interviewer: Did uh people ever use these uh little look like fish about so big? 503: Well I have heard of 'em use 'em. That's minnows. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: They they use a lot of 'em now. Interviewer: uh 503: But I I never did Interviewer: You never did. Used mostly worms? uh 503: No. Interviewer: uh-huh Did you ever um have uh anything from the sea like uh lobster or anything like that? uh 503: Well uh I don't uh {NS} I don't fool with none a that stuff uh I've heard people say they did Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: have lobster for dinner maybe. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: But uh I don't want none of that. {NW} Interviewer: Well if you don't like fish you don't like 503: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 oysters. # or uh uh Did Did you uh did When you were a boy did they ever get anything uh that they call a shrimp now? A little orange thing you know uh like a half moon? Maybe oh about the size of my little finger. 503: I don't remember. Interviewer: uh-huh I uh I didn't think that they were around here but over by the river I guess they they had some. 503: How are you lady? Aux Speaker 4: {X} {B} 503: No I haven't. Aux Speaker 4: See his car right there and I usually know he was here #1 but I didn't see it none. # 503: #2 {NW} # Aux Speaker 4: Thank you. 503: He's not in his office? {NS} Interviewer: uh You remember a bone like that and chicken that you'd 503: Yeah. Interviewer: What'd you #1 call that? # 503: #2 Call it a # pully-bone. Interviewer: Pully-bone? 503: {X} Aux Speaker 5: This door was blocking it. {NS} Interviewer: and uh I think I asked you yes about uh {D: hassel} and you said you didn't the inside of the hogs 503: mm-hmm Interviewer: you didn't use that? 503: No. Interviewer: {NW} What did you uh grow in the garden? 503: Well we'd grow a lotta things. Different things. Tomatoes and peen and beans and butter beans and string beans and cabbage first onions and radishes and salad mustard. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Just most anything you wanted. Interviewer: the uh You had okra I suppose? uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: You had okra? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: and uh uh I was wondering if a tomato grows grows wild just comes back up and it's real small like that what do people call that? uh Somebody said that was they used call that a tommy toe. 503: I reckon it is I don't really #1 know. # Interviewer: #2 Did you use that? uh # 503: I don't remember. Interviewer: It's an interesting name for it #1 uh a tommy toe. # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: and What kinda potatoes did you grow? uh 503: {D: highst} potatoes and sweet potatoes. Interviewer: Oh? 503: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Was this word yam ever used uh for sweet potato? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: uh Is that a different kind? or um 503: Yeah I guess it is. I think it is. Interviewer: mm-hmm And you never uh you d- you don't grow any uh any rice here do you? 503: No. Interviewer: Where is the closest place? uh 503: I don't don't really know Interviewer: uh-huh 503: {D: where there is rice.} Interviewer: Guess you gotta have uh #1 a lot of water # 503: #2 You got- # -ta have a lot of lotta rain and water for that I think. Interviewer: mm-hmm How did you eat corn? did you 503: {NW} Well uh you'd go to {D: feeding and roasting that time come in and uh} pull you off some corn and get the hull off and shuck it and Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: women folks then would cut it off the cob and cook it and a lotta times just brought it on the cob you know. Interviewer: mm-hmm What did you pull and what did you call that stuff you had to pull off #1 and # 503: #2 Shucks. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: and {NW} at the end that uh red stuff at the end of the cob 503: Well that's uh that's just called the end of the uh {D: roast now I reckon.} Interviewer: uh-huh 503: How ya doing? Aux Speaker 6: Just fine. How ya doing? 503: {X} Interviewer: uh uh What I was uh wondering is uh is that silk or tossel 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 or that uh # 503: That's that's silk. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: And at the top of the the corn stalk Tossel. Interviewer: That's that's a tossel? 503: mm-hmm {NS} Interviewer: And how about things uh out in the woods that uh that uh grow about so big and it's got a cap and and stalk on it? uh Maybe you never liked it uh some people like 'em a real lot or 503: No I don't. I don't like 'em. Interviewer: Did you ever eat mushrooms? uh 503: I reckon it's mushrooms. Interviewer: uh-huh did you eat But you never ate any? 503: No sir. {D: No I never ate any.} Interviewer: If they're poisonous what did what did you used to #1 call them? # 503: #2 I don't # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 I don't know. # Interviewer: Good to eat their mushrooms and some people say if they're uh poisonous then you call them toadstools. 503: Yeah. Interviewer: How about uh different melons? uh that you remember? 503: Well I don't remember much about the different kinds that they're called I know that they're food but they had many of 'em. There was different names for 'em and mush melon and watermelon was all I {X} Interviewer: How about squash? uh 503: Yeah. There's they's a lotta squash gr- growed around here but I don't ever eat it. Interviewer: Did they ever call that uh {D: simalin?} 503: Not that I know of. Interviewer: uh-huh In east Tennessee they seem to to call squash {D: simalin.} uh 503: uh Maybe it's just one of the squash around here all of the time. Interviewer: And the uh big orange things that kids like at Halloween? What uh Ya ever grow them? 503: No. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: {NW} Interviewer: Did uh you drink coffee uh when you were a boy? uh 503: No sir. Interviewer: I think you said you did you were married weren't you? 503: Yes #1 sir. # Interviewer: #2 Were you # uh had any had any coffee? 503: Oh yeah. Yeah uh I used to {NS} When I was growing up I drank it I think I drank some coffee but I got off that onto milk and I drank milk a long time after we was married. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: Three times a day. Interviewer: #1 Three times a day? # 503: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: um And I think I mentioned that uh somebody told me that if you drink your milk without or uh drink coffee without any milk or sugar you call that barefoot. I was wondering did you #1 ever hear that? # 503: #2 {NW} # Bare. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: uh Straight. Something like that. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: uh I always put sugar in my coffee I don't ever use no cream. Interviewer: mm-hmm and uh Whiskey that's uh homemade uh what did you used to call that? Homemade whiskey. 503: {D: Homemade Canada} Interviewer: uh whiskey 503: Whiskey? Interviewer: Homemade whiskey. 503: Oh yeah. Interviewer: What did you call that? um 503: White uh white whiskey. Interviewer: White whiskey? 503: Bootleg. {NW} Interviewer: You ever call it uh white mule? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: White mule? 503: Yeah it's been called that too. Interviewer: Had some kick to it huh? 503: That's right. Interviewer: Different kinds of nuts uh and berries that you remember? 503: Well. uh There's blackberries and strawberries {NW} blueberries about all I know. Dewberry. Interviewer: Dewberry? uh-huh and uh 503: Hello brother. Interviewer: uh kind of uh nuts uh Did you grow your own peanuts? 503: No. well Well I have growed 'em a few times not many times. Interviewer: mm-hmm Is there a difference between peanuts and goobers? 503: I think it same thing. Interviewer: Same thing? yeah mm-hmm Did you used to call 'em goobers? 503: Yes sir. {NS} Interviewer: how about uh walnuts? uh 503: Walnuts growed on trees. Interviewer: uh-huh did you black uh 503: Yeah. Interviewer: walnuts? You remember as a boy uh they used remember if I remember they were about so big right and green? 503: Well they're smaller than that just a little. But uh they've grow with a {D: crush} and I mean a hush over and you'd peel that off and then get to the hull in. It's got the walnut on the inside of that. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh pecans? Did you ever have any did you grow much of them? 503: No. Interviewer: I guess it's too far north to {X} get some big uh 503: Pecans you talking about? Interviewer: Yeah. 503: Oh yeah yeah I I growed some of them. uh They grow on trees too. I got a good tall tree {X} Interviewer: Oh have you? 503: and uh it uh Don't take too good care of it so sometimes they're good and sometimes they're not. Interviewer: did uh Did people ever used to have a whole old twenty fifty trees? uh peaches uh 503: Yes sir. 503: But I know about where it's at I think. Interviewer: um {X} I'll watch for it. 503: Well I I I don't think you can see it from the road. Interviewer: Oh. uh huh What does he grow? What what kinda trees are they? 503: few different kinds I think. Interviewer: Oh. mm-hmm 503: Yes Interviewer: uh When they when you used to grow uh did you ever grow fruit uh to sell? 503: No Interviewer: {X} 503: No I never did grow any to sell. Interviewer: mm-hmm What kinda peaches did you uh 503: Alberta was {NS} one we always liked. Interviewer: {X} {NW} With the Alberta can you 503: Yeah. Interviewer: can you just uh 503: Just burst 'em open Interviewer: uh huh 503: get the s- seed out. Interviewer: And the meat doesn't stick to the 503: uh-uh Interviewer: the seed? What do you call the kind where the meat uh you know sticks right to the seed? 503: I don't know what kind that is {X} That it's a lemon peach. Interviewer: #1 Lemon peach? # 503: #2 Now # lemon peach might do that. Interviewer: uh huh Did you ever hear that called a press peach? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Is that what uh 503: uh I've heard of it called a press peach. Interviewer: Or a plum peach? uh 503: Plum peach. Interviewer: or uh You see somebody else out of {X} pick one peach I think? uh 503: I don't know. Interviewer: and uh Do you remember having any cherries around? uh 503: Well there's been a few. uh we never did fool with them {NW} Interviewer: You you didn't? mm-hmm And the uh thing inside the cherry is is a 503: I don't know too much about cherries. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: I never do eat 'em any. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 You don't? # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and uh The apples? How about them? 503: Well they they grow on trees too. Interviewer: Any around this area? 503: Yes sir. There there's some people got 'em. There's not too many. I think there's one in town. That's got a orchard maybe. Apple orchard. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: But I don't know what kind they are. Interviewer: Do you remember uh uh drying fruit? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: Would you tell me about that? uh 503: Well. You used to peel apples and cut them up in slices. and uh Put 'em on a clean cloth and put them up on top of the house and let 'em dry out. {X} Interviewer: uh-huh Would you uh take the inside out? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: And then cut it up? 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 How # big would the pieces be? uh 503: Well it it wouldn't be very large. but apples were the most we ever done that a way. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: And just kinda cut 'em up I imagine. Interviewer: mm-hmm Would your wife make anything for uh to put on bread um out of apples 503: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 or # fruit? uh 503: uh She used to make apple pie and such as that. Interviewer: but I I wonder uh to put on bread to spread on bread uh would she make anything out of apples? or 503: No. I don't #1 I don't # Interviewer: #2 Like a # preserve #1 or a # 503: #2 Yeah. # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: #1 {X} # 503: #2 But yeah. # Have uh apple preserves. She'd uh would make that sometimes. Interviewer: uh huh how about 503: pear preserves. Interviewer: Pear preserves? She'd make a jelly out of anything? 503: Yeah. Interviewer: Out of apples? or 503: No I think she'd make it out of peanuts Interviewer: Oh. 503: You'd cook the peanuts then you know and get all the syrup out of that. And then uh cook it you know and make jelly. Interviewer: I see. Nothing go to waste. 503: Yeah. That's right. Interviewer: uh huh and uh You got sugar maples around here. I I wonder did you ever uh cut into the maple tree and get the sap out and make the 503: No. I never had none a that. Interviewer: uh In New England they they do that uh and make a syrup out of it. But I guess you don't. 503: No. We don't do that here. Interviewer: and uh How old were you when you first remember uh things coming in from Florida or Texas uh like lemons? and 503: {NW} Well. {X} Interviewer: uh huh What what would you uh Who do you remember seeing uh at Christmas? 503: Well. when we first started out were we just hanging stockings up but uh fireplace and most you got then was raw post laundry and candy. Interviewer: uh huh Did uh Speaking of Christmas uh uh What would you say Christmas morning? First thing you'd see somebody you'd say uh what? uh Christmas morning. {NS} 503: Christmas Eve c- uh mean uh Christmas Gift #1 something like that # Interviewer: #2 Christmas gift? # 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and they They'd uh uh I wanted to ask you about uh different games that uh you used to play uh as a child. Did you ever have a oh kind of a horse like this? and then a plank on there? 503: Yes sir. Seesaw. Interviewer: Seesaw? 503: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 How about a # post like that with a plank that would go around? 503: A merry-go-round we'd call it. {NW} Interviewer: and uh A board that would be fixed at both ends and you'd jump on it and it would come back up Remember that? uh 503: Yes. Interviewer: uh huh Call that a jump jumping board? or 503: I ain't sure. I I never did play that much and uh I don't know what it what it what it was called but I've seen it done. Interviewer: Did you boys ever play uh on something you go through? 503: Harp. Fresh harp I called it. Interviewer: Or you'd hold it 503: Yeah. Jigsaw. {NW} Interviewer: Did uh did did you used to uh uh call things toys or play pretties or play things? uh Or what? uh 503: Well that uh I don't know how to call it but uh they used to get toys outta that you know? find uh finally Santa Claus got to come I mean bringing 'em Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: but now but you know you can get 'em all the time here and there {NW} Interviewer: Nothing special? 503: #1 No. # Interviewer: #2 {D: nothing} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh huh I uh I wonder if uh when you were a boy whether you called 'em play pretties? or uh 503: Yeah. Play pretties. Interviewer: uh huh and uh Did you ever uh throw things uh horse shoes when you were 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: uh huh 503: Throw many ones. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 There was a # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # good game huh? 503: Yes sir. Interviewer: I uh I forgot to ask you when we were talking about the horses uh how did you shod them? 503: shod them Interviewer: Yes. 503: Well you'd ju- you'd came to a man and uh it done that the whole time you see and so he would uh fit the shoes on 'em and then lay them on Interviewer: would uh see uh if would heat the shoe I suppose 503: yes Interviewer: and #1 uh # 503: #2 he'd # he'd have to heat that shoe you see to to fit it on him Interviewer: I see and how would he how would he get the shoe on 503: #1 well he'd # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: uh he'd pick his foot up and put him between his legs and hold it with his knees and uh set the pin the shoe down there on his foot when he got it to set and then take his nails in and they would screw and it'd come out stick out about that much and he'd clamp 'em down and break 'em off and then file 'em knock 'em down Interviewer: now then where's the uh the the horse couldn't feel it so long #1 as as uh # 503: #2 no no uh-uh # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: it was the hoof uh 503: had hoof just keeps sh- the feet are numb of it you see Interviewer: I see and uh what how thick would that be about uh 503: well there's something like #1 that a little # Interviewer: #2 something like that # 503: a little closer Interviewer: uh and then you drive 'em you drive 'em out is that right 503: yeah Interviewer: and then and then break 'em off 503: yeah Interviewer: alright 503: that's right Interviewer: your horse wouldn't kick would he 503: #1 no no some of 'em # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: some of 'em Bob Georgie had to tie up #1 {D: 'em and} # Interviewer: #2 {D: did she} # 503: four wheels running right smart Interviewer: they uh do you remember uh an any game that you throw a throw a ball over a house uh 503: Andy over Interviewer: Andy over alright 503: as it's called Interviewer: and how about the hide and seek uh uh would you uh tell me about that uh 503: well it'd be a bunch of boys and girls get together you know and they wanna play hiding well one of 'em shut their eyes and count and the others would go hide so he'd have to go around then and find 'em. Interviewer: and then uh uh were would they come in to a certain place and be safe 503: yeah Interviewer: what was #1 the # 503: #2 if uh # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # they catch him if they went by him well they could run just get to the base where he was at you see #1 and they'd be safe. # Interviewer: #2 I see # oh I see uh-huh how about ball games uh 503: yeah I never did play any only just uh at school but they used to have and do now in places they'd have big ball games I w- I went to used to go to 'em out in the country a whole lot they had 'em on the other side at different places but uh. #1 I don't go much now # TV?: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # TV?: #2 # Interviewer: and uh the uh you ever have any cob fights when you were a boy? uh 503: cob pipes? Interviewer: no cob fights 503: oh yeah yeah Interviewer: uh-huh uh if somebody uh told me that uh that Cindy's boy's down to milk and they wouldn't bring any milk back to speak of and he thought the cow was hurt {D: both their eyes} turns out the boys are having a cob fight {C: what} speaking of uh cob pipes uh uh is that what most people use to 503: that's what they used to use Interviewer: alright 503: that there cotton more oil wrench you know and then uh put a hole through the side and get 'em a cane in and they had 'em a pipe. Interviewer: alright do they grow tobacco here or uh 503: yeah the some few did Interviewer: mm-hmm where would the uh who smoked uh w- what did what did town people smoke uh when they didn't have cob pipes uh would they buy a 503: yeah yeah they'd buy the tobacco yeah Interviewer: alright well what I'm interested in is uh what kind of person would smoke a cigarette what kind of person would smoke a cigar 503: well well we'd call 'em big shots that smoke cigars but I found out that's that's wrong {NW} and uh there's old mayors people you know that smoke cigarettes there's there's a lot of them smoked. Interviewer: uh-huh women never smoked did they uh 503: well they've started to the last few years. Interviewer: but uh when you were a boy uh 503: #1 oh gosh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 oh sure # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # smoke 503: oh sure Interviewer: and uh uh I wanted to ask you some questions about uh going to school uh uh I think the first day we talked you told me a little bit about uh that school didn't uh last very long right 503: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: I've forgot now how many months they had school about six to eight I reckon months of the year. Interviewer: and uh uh what did uh how were the students or how were the youngsters uh did they call 'em students or scholars or 503: yeah either one Interviewer: either one and how would they ref- how would the town people talk about the teacher uh or the school 503: well whole lot of children liked this teacher and uh lot of parents if their kid liked her well they'd like her. Interviewer: #1 I see # 503: #2 {D: wh- whoa} # just living Interviewer: do they call her the schoolmarm or 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 school # ma'am or 503: school ma'am Interviewer: uh-huh and if 503: #1 schoolteacher # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: something like that Interviewer: uh-huh if a uh boy started out to school and he didn't make it uh went fishing instead uh what uh 503: he'd play hooky that day Interviewer: I see what would happen to him if he got caught? 503: well teacher wanted uh his parents wanted to uh {D: stin to him.} Interviewer: alright well what would 503: #1 they gave him a # Interviewer: #2 they do to him # 503: talking give him a talking I imagine I imagine most of the time Interviewer: uh-huh what kind of thing uh would uh make a teacher mad enough to get a switch really uh 503: well th- that's been done a whole lot sir Interviewer: but what a thing would uh what would a boy do that uh he'd get that uh 503: well he'd just be uh mean as an she was outraged enough to and she wanted to quiet him down. Interviewer: uh-huh parents wouldn't say anything if she did 503: no you doing all right. auxillary speaker: alright it's fine now 503: #1 that's good {C: lots of background noise} # auxillary speaker: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # auxillary speaker: #2 # Interviewer: did you uh how did you know that uh it was time for you to move on to the next class uh 503: the teacher'd call us Interviewer: alright 503: third grade second grade first grade or something like that. Interviewer: oh I see how did um did you study uh do you remember studying history uh 503: #1 no # Interviewer: #2 very # 503: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 much # 503: never did get that far Mister Jim how are you doing? auxillary speaker : alright {X} 503: {X} {B} auxillary speaker : {X} {B} 503: #1 he's got it tied up # auxillary speaker : #2 {X} # Interviewer: used to be {B} he's telling me how life used to be when he was a boy auxillary speaker : oh okay Interviewer: he's got a fine memory really uh auxillary speaker : who are you with? Interviewer: I'm trying to get some work done toward a book at Emory University publishing about the uh {D: real life people work as uh mechanized} and uh centralized all my life has auxillary speaker : {X} Interviewer: you started uh {X} things like uh where you just reading uh uh did you study any arithmetic or uh 503: well I I studied it a little {NS} Interviewer: what was your uh you mostly from a primer or 503: yeah primer and first reading second reading third reading and rip my tape such as that. Interviewer: how did uh did people uh respect uh uh going to school or how how did they 503: #1 well some of 'em # Interviewer: #2 what attitude did they have # 503: some of 'em liked it pretty good and some of 'em didn't like it too good Interviewer: uh-huh 503: I reckoned to be one of them didn't like it all that much but cause I didn't get nowhere of it. Interviewer: you had to like it or 503: yeah Interviewer: did uh did people talk much about uh getting an an an getting the schooling or #1 education or # 503: #2 they they wouldn't too much # talk about that now they'd at that time it's worse then than it was is now. Interviewer: uh-huh so you weren't actually pushed to go #1 to school # 503: #2 oh no # no we you wasn't actually pushed fact of the business you had to walk or ride one at them days and uh now they come from out that home and further than that town has schools see so they've got whole lot better chance now for education than they had back out when. Interviewer: and they don't have to work now uh the way you did uh 503: mm-mm Interviewer: I suppose you were actually were needed on the farm 503: #1 that's right # Interviewer: #2 so much # #1 and uh # 503: #2 that's right # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: well I wonder if uh you could tell me uh we've talked about child mint now well going to school and playthings and so on uh when you first got interested in girls how did you uh what was courtship like uh tell me about that 503: well I don't know what Interviewer: how would you meet uh how would you meet girls uh at church or 503: well we a went uh church uh party or h- somewhere and another girl'd make you acquainted with her maybe and so uh that's about all to put it to it {NW}. Interviewer: if you uh wanted to to show a girl that you were interested in her would you ask to uh ask her at church if you 503: yeah Interviewer: #1 could uh # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # try to make a date with her and then Interviewer: uh-huh say can I carry you home 503: yeah that's right Interviewer: and uh if you went together pretty steady uh would she be known as your girlfriend then or your #1 sweetheart # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: or how would #1 you say that if # 503: #2 yeah if you had # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # it's what you call a man a girlfriend. Interviewer: how about the other way around what would she call you her 503: her date I #1 guess. # Interviewer: #2 her date # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: #1 I guess so. # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and uh you um you went did you have much uh to do with the dance the dancing and 503: yes they well used to have uh square dances and then they got the round dancing and they got to where they don't have any tow around on 'em now. #1 that's country # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # did you uh meet at a certain uh place for 503: oh yeah yes sir. Interviewer: for the square dance and 503: yeah they used to be several around the neighborhood that'd give uh things for certain nights is holding so that it it tell its round and that's the order you'd to have a crowd there. Interviewer: and uh suppose uh your girlfriend got mad at you and and you s- you asked her if you could marry her and she said no what would folks say she uh she gave him the gate or what would they 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: I imagine that'd be it {NW}. Interviewer: uh anything else come to mind uh if a girl tells a boy {D: to go us there's one of 'em anymore} 503: no I don't think there is. Interviewer: shutting him down or something like that 503: yeah Interviewer: well once they uh once they decided they wanted to live together would you tell me uh uh how you get married? 503: well uh brought up to ask your girl and uh I love you well enough to I think to marry you and do you love me that much and she says maybe or say yes a boy wants it. and if uh if he did well she they would talk about it so they'd finally make up then and go ahead and get married. Interviewer: now would you tell me about the the wedding the how would you how would most people get get 503: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: most people back in those times and times have gotten married by George in a horse and buggy as a h- at the house one. Interviewer: sure 503: and um I got married in a horse behind the horse in a b- in a buggy. Interviewer: is that right? 503: and um we went on my my other home my home rather and stayed overnight it well I would have stayed there then 'til well only a month or two and then I moved out to old cell before we get out of the house. Interviewer: did anybody uh was anybody with you during the #1 wedding # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # yeah her brother in law his his wife turned out to be a they was wasn't married at that time but he finally married her. Interviewer: what did you call uh folks who stayed with you during the wedding would uh would you call 'em uh the grooms or the best man or what would they 503: best man I guess that's what you call 'em now and at uh churches you know to have I reckon you'd call him best man. Interviewer: uh I somebody said the old days they used to say uh waiter uh did they ever say that around here uh instead of 503: #1 I I think # Interviewer: #2 best man would you # 503: I've heard of it heard of that. Interviewer: alright so the waiter or wait man 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 some # thing like that and um when the get married and and uh uh begin to think about having children uh we we say today well uh she she's pregnant I wonder what they used to say they didn't 503: #1 well that # Interviewer: #2 say # 503: that's what they said uh used to say I think. Interviewer: pregnant 503: she done got pregnant Interviewer: uh-huh and if a girl got pregnant without the husband what would the child be called 503: that'd be a cord a one out of wedlock. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: and uh one half was daddy you know that he could claim. Interviewer: what uh would they call the child a woods colt or or something like that 503: well I don't know if I ever heard it called that. Interviewer: and uh after you got married I forgot to ask you this uh did did people used to make a big uh kinda party or noisy 503: #1 oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh # thing what'd they call it 503: they they uh used to call it uh give 'em a party if it's after he's married if they did it the first night and uh people would used to three or four couple of 'em maybe more but go sit with 'em while at night you know if they were going home stay there. Interviewer: you ever hear of a shivaree 503: a what Interviewer: a shivaree or a there is a reason I ask this is that uh I've been told that that sometimes the uh the friends would give uh a kind of a oh it'd be sort of a joke you know they they'd uh take 'em out on a on a wagon and they'd tie bells to the wagon and and uh uh one time uh fellow told me that that they uh his friends came to his house on the night of his wedding and they took him out there and kept him out all night they call that a I think he said it was a shivaree 503: they uh they used to call something like that a con- I mean a hay hay ride. Interviewer: hay ride 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: and he used to hook up to a wagon and pull it was tract- after a tractor'd come in and uh bunch of 'em get on there you know and go riding. Interviewer: uh-huh but 503: laugh and talk. Interviewer: this uh good fun right 503: yeah Interviewer: if um if they women woman's gonna have a baby did you ever call an old woman in to help 503: #1 yes sir # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and what was she known as 503: she was a granny Interviewer: the granny 503: granny Interviewer: would she stay with the uh with the family for a while or 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: she's she well if it's come off at night well it's maybe she'd spend the night and tend to the baby and and a lot of folks didn't have a doctor at that time you see and so she'd run it and baby born the baby and uh lot of times the they would be there you know where to doctor would come you know. Interviewer: could you uh could you tell me about uh uh children growing up uh let's see you have how many children 503: #1 two # Interviewer: #2 uh # two of 'em uh-huh what kind of uh worries did you have uh in those days about sickness and things like 503: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 that uh # 503: course now anybody got children will whoa being sick anyway Interviewer: alright what kind of illnesses did they have uh 503: well I remember one time my boy being sick and was had pour in hole and uh his face and head had swelled up big enough for two and I brought him to a doctor there and he gave him some medicine for that and uh I don't remember m- what else happened with him along them days Interviewer: did you ever have any uh any malaria around her or 503: #1 yes sir # Interviewer: #2 not uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # did 503: we had some malaria uh don't think either one of them ever had it. Interviewer: what would they give for malaria 503: well quinine and uh camel were big shots that day Interviewer: is that right and once they'd uh and the quinine would break the fever is 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 that uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: uncle Olan how you doing? auxillary speaker: good but about to get out of here 503: probably probably you alright? auxillary speaker: I'm good 503: that's good auxillary speaker: how you been where you been {D: you been on the grass} Interviewer: that's right if uh if a child had uh lost both his parents uh both parents had died what uh what would you call him 503: well it would just be an orphan. Interviewer: just an orphan and would the court uh appoint somebody 503: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: if uh he didn't have any folks would take him well the court I imagine would come in and send him to a home. Interviewer: alright and uh uh talking about families and and sickness and things like that would you tell me uh what you do if somebody in a family died when you would you describe that in the old days uh 503: well in the old days well they'd die and uh neighbors would uh clean 'em up and dress 'em and you'd come to town to get a coffin to put 'em in and you keep that shut until the undertaker come you know to came to bury 'em the next day uh when they be dead and buried. there wasn't no embalming that day and and uh homes like it is now that take care of the body you see. there wasn't even a hospital old folks home or nothing. Interviewer: uh would they go to the church uh they take him to the 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 church uh # 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and uh well what would the funeral be like uh 503: well it'd be uh kinda like it is now only you had to lower 'em down in the ground with a couple of stri- straps you know and and just let 'em down thataway. Interviewer: and they uh did you put the coffin right down or did you have another box uh 503: well most of the time you had well you had another box whole time but then you'd lower that coffin into the box. Interviewer: oh I see 503: and now they got the vaults. #1 in there # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: had to keep 'em longer you know. Interviewer: and do you remember anything about uh uh things that people used to use for uh like a a crib on wheels that you used to take the babies around 503: yes sir Interviewer: uh 503: baby buggy or something like that. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: yeah Interviewer: they're able to they used to be pretty fancy 503: #1 oh yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: #1 yes sir # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # you have any memory of that uh 503: well not too much of it people in the country always toted 'em damn it all. Interviewer: I see alright and if you uh to get back to sickness say if if you had a deep scratch you had and it heal right but it would get real red around it what would you call that skin around the 503: well uh rub- we'd be afraid of blood poison setting up. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: and you'd bring 'em to a doctor then. Interviewer: what do you burn out that uh 503: well I don't know what he would do to it he'd he'd put some kind of medicine on it and uh bandage it up. Interviewer: mm-hmm tell me did you ever uh hear of uh of a proud flesh 503: #1 yes sir # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh what what does that mean uh 503: well Interviewer: proud 503: that's just uh where a sore won't cure up right away and flesh just boils up then it's like. Interviewer: I see I see and uh pimple would get s- uh real big and sore 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # what would you 503: #1 that that was a rise # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh-huh I guess a lot of people died from those uh is that right 503: well I don't know whether they would die from a rising or not but uh they have died I imagine from the that uh flesh. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh in the rising would be a what would be that stuff inside uh 503: the core. Interviewer: core uh-huh and if you uh if your skin turned uh yellow and your eyes yellow in the old days wouldn't they call that uh 503: well you had uh yellow fever I imagine. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: at that time I don't know about it #1 for certain # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and if uh if you were a little boy you uh ate something that uh didn't agree with you you could start to s- to get sick where 503: yes sir get sick to my stomach. Interviewer: uh-huh and then what would be some of the joking words that you'd use if you bring up what you ate uh 503: well uh it made me sick and I had to vomit. Interviewer: uh-huh did you ever have any joking words for that uh 503: no Interviewer: and if uh if you had a pain in the right side uh what what did they used to call 503: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 that # 503: they used to call it uh I don't know what they used to call it but now that's appendicitis. #1 and I reckon # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: it was then and uh people just didn't know about it then you know and there had been a lot of people died uh I imagine from it. Interviewer: they didn't operate 503: #1 uh-uh # Interviewer: #2 uh # were 503: no they didn't know what it was #1 then # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and if uh in the winter uh did you uh could you have uh any kind of colds or very much or 503: oh yeah you it you'd have a cold every once in a while. Interviewer: what would they do to that uh 503: well you'd take uh some cough medicine to keep you from coughing so much and then uh maybe go to a doctor with it and uh they'd give you some kind of medicine for it cough medicine something. Interviewer: uh but did they make did you ever make up your any of your own medicine? uh do you remember? 503: no no I don't know that I have. Interviewer: to come back to the uh funeral would uh how would the women dress uh uh for a funeral 503: well uh right folks in the family well they'd dress in black and have a long skirt course people were well warm then whole lot of longer to do now anyway you know. Interviewer: they'd they'd show uh they'd show what by that those black clothes 503: mourning Interviewer: that was the way that you 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 saw # somebody #1 dressed in black they're # 503: #2 that's right # #1 that's right {C: pinging noise} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh what was a how would you refer to somebody who died uh if you feel that you felt bad about him uh and say well I hear that mister so and so um 503: well uh I hate to hear of anybody dying as far as that's concerned but then uh that's that's about what it was then. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 503: #2 and # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: would you say he passed uh 503: yeah he passed away Interviewer: uh-huh and if you didn't like him uh what would what might you say 503: well I I don't know whether {X} express that. #1 {D: settle on that} # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # did they say might say kick the bucket or 503: yeah yeah I've heard that expression #1 made too # Interviewer: #2 # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: good morning Interviewer: morning auxillary speaker: morning sir Interviewer: uh where would where was the uh the funeral you'd take him to the what the 503: cemetery #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 cemetery # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and uh I'd like to uh ask you how you used to talk about uh oh the way people acted and the way they looked uh suppose a young man was uh uh real big and strong you'd say well now he's he's right what uh {D: polygon app} 503: {X} Interviewer: and uh {X} 503: they'd be mighty big yeah. Interviewer: uh-huh {X} 503: yeah Interviewer: and a boy uh who's uh growing too fast you know his uh arms are 503: he's he's a big guy {NW} Interviewer: but if he's uh if he seems to be all arms and legs 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 and he can't # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # can't get himself coordinated what say he's uh 503: I don't know he is he kind of going to be a giant if he keeps on. {NW} Interviewer: you ever say he's uh he's gawky but he'll grow out of it 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh 503: yeah I've heard that too Interviewer: uh-huh and if somebody worked hard all day they'd come back in the house and they'd say I'm all what 503: tired out Interviewer: tired out uh-huh if a um young girl say about sixteen and she's got a lot of life um you'd say well she is she's right um right what 503: she's real spry Interviewer: an older person who gets around 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 real # well you'd #1 say well he # 503: #2 he he's # pretty spry Interviewer: or you'd say uh-huh and 503: had a old man that was in here once in a while would come up and stood there and talk to us a little bit he was ninety years old one day. Interviewer: is that right? well he sure is #1 fine shape # 503: #2 yeah he's # in pretty good shape Interviewer: {X} walk real well #1 and he's # 503: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: good strength 503: he lives right down there next to well p- up another block from a truck stop there where I keep my truck he walks up here twice three times a day. Interviewer: he does it's nice that uh you got some place to go #1 like this # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 to eat and uh # 503: #2 that's right # that's right Interviewer: {D: you were} talking about things and it keeps you young when you 503: #1 that's right # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # um if uh somebody is uh used to be kind of well you tell him something and and uh he just wouldn't wouldn't believe you he wouldn't change his mind you'd say well he's 503: he's telling a lie Interviewer: uh-huh and uh if somebody is you'd say something you didn't mean anything by it but uh they might get all mad and #1 upset # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: say he's awful he's awful what 503: he's awful angry or #1 something like that # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # touchy uh did you ever hear the word touch us or 503: yeah #1 yeah touch # Interviewer: #2 touchy # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: touchy too. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh if if it didn't uh take much to uh get somebody real mad you'd say well he's 503: he's touchy Interviewer: he's real touchy 503: he's real touchy Interviewer: how about the word uh common if you said uh well she's she's awful common what would that mean? 503: well that would mean I reckon uh I don't know how you'd put it but uh just don't care like I reckon Interviewer: that be a good or a bad thing to say about a woman 503: well according to who it was that's Rhode Island woman well {X}. Interviewer: uh-huh uh it's interesting uh some people think that common is not a good word and other people say that 503: #1 that's right # Interviewer: #2 uh # it's um it's alright um if somebody uh hard to get along with uh would you ever say he's queer or or uh what would that word be 503: he got a high temper. Interviewer: uh-huh you ever use the word um uh queer or queer 503: yeah I I've heard of it Interviewer: uh-huh what how did it what would that mean would that be a 503: #1 I # Interviewer: #2 that # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: I don't know uh I don't know how you'd put it together. Interviewer: and uh going to church uh uh would you tell me how you used to uh become a member of the church? 503: well you'd be just fist. profess religion and uh welcome tell the preacher about it and and you'd set a date and baptize you or {X} what you was going to be Interviewer: how would you uh what do they say when you give money to the church uh uh how do they exact dues or or 503: no it's not dues but uh you uh you're supposed to give money you know to Peter to pay the preacher and to keep the church up. Interviewer: and uh the church service uh would you uh did you used to have any uh would you tell me about a church service that you remember is when you were young uh how would they how would you go to church and what would you do there 503: well I'd go to church mighty near every Sunday and uh I used to used to ride horses up mules up there and {at church and uh go in a buggy one and go on and sit around out there in the front and talk to a lot of 'em a while and then about ready for meat well we would go in and have service and so I'm back in and uh talk to him maybe few minutes then go on home. Interviewer: uh-huh would the preacher give a talk uh 503: oh yeah he'd he'd give a talk. Interviewer: uh would you call would you say he preached a sermon or 503: yeah yeah he preached the sermon. Interviewer: and would you have any music uh 503: oh yeah lot of times well a lot of folks don't but uh I always had a organ uh some singing. #1 something like that # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # mm-hmm um do you remember any uh any ways of referring to the devil? um how did they used to refer to the devil? 503: well they they talk about the devil all the time now lot of the time. Interviewer: would you uh ever say anything to scare children you'd say now you better be good or 503: well I have some few times and uh I I don't think it's right now other folks make 'em scared of the police and the police they would not do that uh the their parents no or not but for the police is supposed to be a child's friend. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm 503: and do all they can for 'em. Interviewer: that reminds me uh do people talk much about uh law and order here is that a concern uh 503: yeah uh they's right smart going on here the last few years. Interviewer: mostly with young people um 503: yes Interviewer: uh-huh 503: most of it's young people Interviewer: the um I was wondering did uh to get back to the uh talking about the devil uh did people ever think that a house was full of spirits uh 503: yes sir I've heard people say it uh certain certain houses haunted. Interviewer: uh-huh do you think uh was a haunt uh that something you do with the devil or uh 503: well I don't know I reckon it's oil I never did believe in anybody leaving here they'd they'd claim you see if you die well your spirit would was still in that house maybe. #1 and if it was # Interviewer: #2 I see # 503: well if you was there it'd say all night well maybe you'd bother him but I I never did believe in that. Interviewer: uh-huh well I see but a lot of people did they 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 just # uh they're in uh when you'd uh go to town when you used to live in the country to buy something uh what what did you uh you used to say is it it used to come in and uh go trading or shopping or 503: yeah Interviewer: which would you 503: #1 I got # Interviewer: #2 say # 503: to get some groceries or something #1 like that # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # people say that's uh trading? 503: yes sir Interviewer: uh-huh and uh wonder if you can tell me uh these drawings uh if this is the hour hand and this is the minute hand uh I wonder how would you say this you know ordinary conversation uh what time that was 503: what time that it was? Interviewer: yes sir this is the hour hand this is the minute hand say well that's 503: fifteen to eleven? Interviewer: alright 503: I'd call it Interviewer: did uh you used to say quarter 503: yeah yeah Interviewer: uh-huh quarter 'til 503: yeah Interviewer: and if this is the hour hand this is the minute hand you say well 503: #1 that's # Interviewer: #2 it's uh # 503: uh seven thirty Interviewer: uh-huh and how about uh would you say half 503: half past? Interviewer: uh-huh in the old days would you more likely to say quarter quarter to 503: #1 well # Interviewer: #2 quarter # 'til 503: no uh I think it's uh more that a way now for it was then. Interviewer: alright 503: I would say so. Interviewer: and uh different uh uh after uh twelve twelve o'clock noon what what part what part of the 503: #1 that's that's evening # Interviewer: #2 day is that # uh-huh and uh in the morning you say well we got up awful early we got up #1 before # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: before sun 503: yeah sun's up. Interviewer: sunup alright and but sometimes you go to bed before sun 503: yeah Interviewer: sun 503: #1 sundown # Interviewer: #2 down # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and we talked about uh the weather uh but when we were talking about it I didn't have the tape recorder so I'd like to ask you some of it you'd say uh you have some uh some tornadoes in the country 503: #1 yes # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: sir we w- uh had some dow- one down in Covington the other day I read in the paper this morning west of struck a gin out there and a man and I don't know whether it was his brother or his boy anyway two of 'em was working on it and uh wool fell down on this fellow I think. Interviewer: the uh if um if you if you had a a nice day uh wind was was quiet suddenly it started to come up you'd say well the wind is is is what uh 503: going {NW} to the north or south? uh Interviewer: alright 503: east Interviewer: and if uh wind is is uh it's been storming and uh you see s- see the clouds start to break there clear up in the west you say well I think it's gonna 503: it looks like it's gonna have another calm later Interviewer: uh-huh 503: storm or something like that Interviewer: and uh if the storm seems over you say well I think it's gonna what now 503: break off Interviewer: break off uh-huh 503: or fair up Interviewer: fair up if you come out in the morning and uh you feel kinda cold you say well it's 503: it's kinda chilly this #1 morning # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # ever say it's uh right airish? 503: yeah Interviewer: say and would that mean it's uh 503: it's still ki- chilly Interviewer: it's still pretty cool 503: yeah Interviewer: uh-huh and uh if if you were talking about in fact the other day you were coming into town and ran into that rain and you say well this is a this is a real 503: real hard rain. Interviewer: you um I think you said downpour didn't #1 you # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: alright you ever hear that called a gully washer? 503: yes sir Interviewer: {X} 503: there's there's more fields washed up now than ever was known before I reckon. Interviewer: uh-huh they really just washed out 503: yes sir Interviewer: uh again I I don't think you put this on tape but you said uh some some cotton fields had been planted uh 503: two or three times Interviewer: three times 503: yeah Interviewer: alright and uh washed out a different 503: #1 drowned # Interviewer: #2 name # 503: it out yeah Interviewer: uh-huh different kinds of uh rain and again I I'd like to remember if you can remember how you used to say it uh when you were a boy you were young suppose you just had a little bit of uh rain to settle the dust what would you call that 503: well that's just a shower Interviewer: just a uh-huh and then if it really came down like the other day if it was a downpour 503: oh downpour {NW} the bottom falling out. Interviewer: and uh if if you have um if you get up in the morning and there's a lot of moisture on the plants uh you'd say well I s- there's a heavy 503: heavy dew Interviewer: this morning 503: yes Interviewer: but suppose a uh suppose it it's cold enough and the dew freezes uh what do you call that or what'd you used to uh 503: we had a freeze last night. Interviewer: uh-huh and uh if uh if it's a cloudy cold day say in November you'd say well this is this is no good this is a what kind of day uh 503: kind of a cloudy day I #1 guess # Interviewer: #2 cloudy # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh-huh and uh stuff that you don't want to drive through at night uh it's moisture that turns white and you can't see 503: that's uh fog. Interviewer: uh-huh and say it's uh real real foggy 503: yeah Interviewer: uh if you um if you got a a long spell of weather where they uh where you don't have any rain uh what 503: #1 it's a # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: dry spell yeah Interviewer: dry spell what would you have a couple of years without enough rain do they call that 503: well I I don't know remember that being that a way here course now we we think we'd get dry sometimes in the summer but uh this is more rain has fell uh this spring than I was known before in #1 my life. # Interviewer: #2 alright # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # really coming down 503: yeah Interviewer: and uh I wanted to ask you uh the other day have you uh uh you mentioned your uh children your grand children uh and is it your grandson who's in Greece right? 503: yes sir Interviewer: uh-huh 503: one of 'em Interviewer: and then you say you've been to Oklahoma uh have you ever 503: no I said that he was in Oklahoma once. Interviewer: oh he's coming back to Oklahoma 503: yeah I we think he will. #1 will # Interviewer: #2 I see # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # yeah have you ever been over there uh 503: no sir I never have Interviewer: have you uh traveled very much uh 503: not very much Interviewer: uh-huh and would you name any states that uh where you've been? 503: well I I never have been out of the United States. Interviewer: how about uh around Tennessee or 503: I I've been to Memphis and such as that and Interviewer: uh-huh ever been over to Arkansas? 503: no sir #1 no I # Interviewer: #2 okay # 503: never was never would ship over there I never did do much traveling around the country yet. Interviewer: uh-huh did you ever go down to Mississippi 503: #1 no sir # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh-huh and uh uh ever go over to Nashville or any place 503: #1 well I've I've been to Nashville # Interviewer: #2 uh here in Tennessee # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # uh-huh 503: I've been there a few times and I was at uh I can't think of the name of the place now we went through Nashville and uh my son was in the army and I can't think of the name of that place now to save my life anyway he was stationed up there on the other side of Nashville and uh my wife and daughter and myself went up there. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: and spent the night and uh his girlfriend at that time went with us. Interviewer: mm-hmm um so you uh must be you must be pretty happy here you you uh 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 you like to # 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 stay here and # 503: yeah I I'm alright {NW} #1 here # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: yes sir {NS} Interviewer: uh I wanted to uh you mentioned that you've got two children uh what do you call uh say your your uncles and your aunts and your cousins uh you call them your kin 503: #1 yes sir # Interviewer: #2 your hogs # #1 your all of 'em # 503: #2 yes # yes Interviewer: yeah alright and uh they uh uh your family then would be y- uh you would be just your your wife and your children 503: yes sir Interviewer: but all of your relatives would #1 be your # 503: #2 yeah # #1 that's right # Interviewer: #2 kin # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: #1 that's right # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and what would you uh if you didn't respect uh a man very much if uh you know he was just just a drunk and things like that what what did you used to call that 503: well he's a he's a just a regular ol' drunkard. Interviewer: did you ever uh hear anybody call him a moocher? 503: yeah yeah we'd call 'em hoogies too. Interviewer: uh-huh is that right 503: yeah Interviewer: and that would mean that um 503: they was just kind of lowdown people that a way and Interviewer: alright 503: drank a whole lot. Interviewer: uh-huh that's a an interesting word isn't it 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # anything else uh that you used to call 'em you ever call 'em crackers or uh peckerwoods 503: no I I might have heard of it I never did call one that. Interviewer: uh-huh and how about colored people uh I suppose you have a colored man that's no good uh uh this call him a nigger is that 503: yeah Interviewer: alright 503: that nigger there gets drunk and drinks a whole lot and such as that. Interviewer: what if you have an old negro who's uh who you you really respect you know it's uh how do you refer to 503: well they they's uh they's a lot of good niggers and a lot of mean niggers. Interviewer: mm-hmm 503: I'd say that Interviewer: and if if you uh talked to an older one how would you say would you ever call him #1 uncle or # 503: #2 yes # sir yeah we used to they used up that a way. and it mighty near kills me now to to hear a man calling miss and missus and yes and no sir and uh I always raised up for to call a old man mister and and uncle I mean uh uncle and uh auntie. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: something like that. Interviewer: uh-huh um what do you think about the about calling 'em black people now 503: well I I just I just can't understand it. Interviewer: yeah well uh I'm not as old as you are and I I have trouble with it 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 too # 503: I imagine so. Interviewer: it's uh and uh anything else uh that uh that you you can think about uh here I wanted to ask you uh you mentioned you th- take this goozle hear it the other day you remember say you cut cut the goozle was #1 that right # 503: #2 yes sir # Interviewer: uh 503: yes cut the throat and um stick a knife down in there then and then to the heart bleed 'em out. Interviewer: now this is the goozle? 503: yes sir Interviewer: right here 503: yeah Interviewer: uh below the Adam's apple what did you used to call this uh this where the teeth 503: tushies Interviewer: tough I see and on people uh what did you call 503: that's that's called a tush too some people has tush Interviewer: and these these teeth #1 there # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: what do you call the pink stuff that's the teeth are up in? 503: gums Interviewer: uh-huh and uh did you used to call this uh the brow or 503: forehead what I always called it Interviewer: and uh if a man grew a lot of whiskers you'd say well he's got a big 503: yeah #1 big on the face # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and uh another thing I wanted to ask you if men used to sit around like this 503: yes sir Interviewer: uh and talk uh you'd say they're down on their what uh 503: down on their hunkers Interviewer: hunkering down alright this this part 503: yeah Interviewer: hunkers 503: yeah Interviewer: what's this part where you don't wanna get kicked 503: that's a shin Interviewer: that's a shin bone 503: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 uh # huh and uh where you get arthritis uh in your 503: #1 get s- # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: get stiff and sore Interviewer: in what parts of the body where you get 503: in your joints most of the time yeah Interviewer: and uh if a boy uh or goes like this you say he's raising his what 503: raising his fist up now he's ready to fight Interviewer: uh-huh both of 'em huh and uh uh this part of a man what's this part 503: chest Interviewer: chest of a man uh-huh and uh did you ever have any joking words for this stuff which I don't have much of 503: no I don't really ever had any joking words about it only man gets bolo we laugh at him then about that. #1 sometime # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # and uh this these things 503: yes Interviewer: just your ears and um this part 503: lips Interviewer: uh-huh and the whole thing 503: mustache Interviewer: okay uh any words you remember for the mustache uh did you always call it just a mustache 503: I reckon so uh I think goatees grow down here. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: I believe that's where they is Interviewer: and uh this part of the hand 503: that's a palm Interviewer: uh-huh and uh this whole thing this whole 503: #1 that's your leg # Interviewer: #2 {D: thing and} # on yeah did you used to call it uh if you were mentioned you talk about a woman would you uh say her leg or her 503: limb Interviewer: her limb 503: limb Interviewer: alright that's uh people used to be uh real modest #1 didn't they they # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # #1 oh yeah a whole lot # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: more so than now Interviewer: yeah and if somebody got uh so that he couldn't hear you say well he's 503: he's getting deaf Interviewer: deaf uh-huh and well I uh I think uh I've asked you a lot of #1 questions # 503: #2 I # wanted to Interviewer: fine job 503: I wanted to tell you another thing that I forgot the other day uh up pig a gilt it's called a gilt before she's a sow she can be bred and she's still called a gilt until she's become the mother. #1 and then she's called a # Interviewer: #2 oh I see # 503: sow Interviewer: and then she's the sow 503: #1 yeah I just # Interviewer: #2 I s- # 503: I just happened to think about that and #1 uh I wanted to # Interviewer: #2 well I appreciate that # that uh 503: wanted to tell you about it. Interviewer: I've heard that word but I wasn't sure #1 it's that way now # 503: #2 yeah # now that's that's the way it is Interviewer: uh-huh alright sure anything else that you uh uh when I leave I'll think of another thousand things 503: well I I don't know Interviewer: they uh I or one thing uh when when you were young uh what states did you consider to be in the South here? uh what states uh would children be taught in other words uh Tennessee would be a southern state 503: yeah Interviewer: uh-huh 503: United States I reckon Interviewer: alright and uh which ones would be just the southern part of the country uh 503: well I I don't remember Interviewer: uh would Texas you think be a southern state 503: I would imagine so I don't #1 remember. # Interviewer: #2 some people # will uh some people think of Texas as being West you know and others as South {C: overlap} and uh the uh how about the war between the states uh did did people who used to say uh call it the war between the states or the civil war 503: well I don't uh I don't remember much about that either uh I never did had to go to war or nothing like that but uh everybody around here just speaks of the war going on you know and there's Interviewer: mm-hmm did they uh talk about the uh civil war or the war between the states 503: war between the #1 states mostly. # Interviewer: #2 states # uh-huh they um a lot of the f- uh interesting stories about that uh they're did you ever hear about Fort {D: Tower} up #1 up near Ripley uh # 503: #2 yeah yes # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: I guess they're gonna try to make that a state park 503: yeah Interviewer: um 503: I never have been down there I've been clo- pretty close to it but uh I didn't have time to go on down there that's that's how much going around I do. Interviewer: well this is uh I think you have got a good life here you've 503: #1 well I have I'm # Interviewer: #2 got a lot of friends # and uh 503: I've I've tried to camp a seven a way at have printed friends friends. Interviewer: uh-huh 503: put it sway friends worth more to you than a pile of George's old money. Interviewer: well that's right 503: #1 yes sir # Interviewer: #2 {X} # um well I think you got a a lot of friends around town 503: oh there's another thing about I remember I think I remember you asking me to few days I mean the other day up there did I ever see my grandparents. #1 did you ask me that # Interviewer: #2 yes sir yes # sir I did 503: and I told you that I hadn't #1 well I I'd # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 503: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 503: I have seen my grandmother on my mother's side. Interviewer: I see #1 uh-huh # 503: #2 and uh # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # Interviewer: do you remember where she came from? uh 503: no I don't. Interviewer: #1 alright # 503: #2 I # Interviewer: #1 # 503: #2 # sure don't Interviewer: uh-huh and uh she was on your mother's #1 side # 503: #2 yeah # Interviewer: yeah did she live around here or did 503: #1 she # Interviewer: #2 she # 503: Lived out there boars and fact of business we did with 'em several years. Interviewer: I see 503: uh I had two uncles on my mother's side and one of 'em was running a meat market down there and a grocery and the other one was out there with his mother and he he was mad and he he wanted to move town uh he his brother wanted him to come down to town with him and so we.