Interviewer: {B} Yea well this is kind of thing we don't think ought to be allowed to die out. We realize that there are people that won't be interested 596: That's the truth Interviewer: But there are people who are 596: #1 That's right # Interviewer: #2 And you know # pretty soon there's gonna be whole generation of people gone that knew all 596: #1 you know that # Interviewer: #2 this # 596: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Right # um i probably didn't get a record of that but you said that these stacks would be out where? You said you it wouldn't have to be at the barn #1 The s- keep the stacks out where? # 596: #2 That's right # Um. Interviewer: You said they could be at on the lot or out? 596: #1 Yes. # Interviewer: #2 Hay stacks. # 596: #1 Yeah yeah yeah # Interviewer: #2 That would be where? # 596: There'll be out in what you call ah a lot You know we call in the pen where you keep your animals in round here we call that a lot. Interviewer: Would that be around the barn or #1 just any fenced pen? # 596: #2 Well you, any pen. # In around anywhere, you just throw them out anywhere since its enclosed with a fence And you put hedge shocks all out in there bout in there When you get ready, for the animals you just you know let them go in there and eat And if you want them to eat as long as they want to you just the get out of there and close the gate uh the gap or what you call it. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 596: #2 {X}. # Interviewer: Uh about a gap you know that's something I've seen all my life and never really thought about. Describe a gap for me what's a gap? 596: Well what a gap is, it Is {X}. You take a, a gap you that's {X} where you can drive you gonna drive a car truck a wagon through there, And uh while you make it there you take you some wire maybe about three or four strands of wire and Put it across there and pass them on the end something like on in here On your uh on another post while you like you got a big post then you fasten this to it Kinda with a kinda {D: a little hook over it}. It's the minute you got you got {X} you know. Interviewer: I see i- it's at an opening in the fence. 596: Yes, there's an opening in the fence what you call that gap. Make an opening in the fence. Barbed wire. Interviewer: I see. 596: Barbed wire, you know what barbed wire Interviewer: #1 Oh yes # 596: #2 is? # Interviewer: sir, I'm afraid so. {NW} Uh there's a place on the farm sometime that I've seen that you can drive your car across Where there's you know the fence would come up to here? 596: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 And then the # fence would start again 596: #1 Yeah. Uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 here. And your road # comes here? 596: #1 That's right {NW} # Interviewer: #2 And there are # these these pieces of wood. 596: #1 That's right yeah that's right # Interviewer: #2 In the ground what's that? # 596: That's called cattle gap. Interviewer: A cattle gap? 596: Yes, that's cattle gap. Interviewer: And its uh what why uh why doesn't why don't the cows come out? 596: When they scared they come out Interviewer: #1 Oh really? # 596: #2 there. Yeah # See that that you you you cattle gap you dig a place down the ground maybe about 2 foot deep down there a hole down in there. And you put you some pieces across there and on and Cross label pieces. Not close together, wide apart see if an animal start to go through there he look down that hole well maybe he'll {X} {X} misstep or miss that piece step on that hole And so he'll back up. He won't go across there. Interviewer: And you don't like to put the wire 596: #1 No ma'am no. # Interviewer: #2 there? # About how far apart do they have to be to scare them? 596: Well something like about width of your hand like that. {X} when you see that hole, he ain't gonna stick his feet down in that hole now. Interviewer: Well now would this work with cow, it works with cows. 596: #1 Yes cows # Interviewer: #2 It'd work with horses # 596: Yes ma'am #1 that's right, that's right, that's right # Interviewer: #2 horses? It work with horses too # 596: Well now if some mule is stubborn I had one would go over it Interviewer: {NW} he'd jump it 596: No yeah he'd jump it Interviewer: Or just walk over it? 596: Jump it jump it yeah. Interviewer: Would a mule go over it? 596: This is a mule I was talking about. Interviewer: Oh it was a mule? 596: Yeah. {X} Well I'll be. Well I never though about that, I've see them you know never thought about them why they worked or anything about them. Interviewer: Uh was there ever something, that um you ever hear of a hay rack? 596: Yes. What's that now? Um well I'm that um what I'm talking about what th- what the- round them pole that's the hay- that's hay rack there. That's a hay rack? Ya that's hay rack. Interviewer: #1 That's # 596: #2 rack. # another name Interviewer: #1 for them? # 596: #2 That's right yeah. # We use to call them ha- ah shocks, we called them. {X} shocks we called it shocks of hay. But it's a hay rack that's what it was. Interviewer: Okay, I wondered if a rack was somewhere where where it kept it off the ground or something? 596: Well, it can if it wants to yes. Interviewer: Alright. Uh what was th-, did you have um, well let me try again, where did you keep the cows on the farm?] 596: In the pasture. Interviewer: Alright and did they have any kind of shelter 596: #1 No, # Interviewer: #2 out there? # 596: {X} if you just wanted one out there maybe it {X}, He come up maybe to the barn and maybe it's a shed there maybe he going in but {X} we didn't, {X} build nothing special for them. Interviewer: Okay, you didn't have anything called a cowshed or a loafing #1 shed? # 596: #2 N- well # sometimes we Big farmers did, you know big farmers they had all that. Milk farmers, diary farmers, they had all like that but- Alright, have you ever heard the term loafing shed? Well {X} heard of it yeah. Uh loafing shed but I don't know what it why they call it a loafing shed. Interviewer: {X} either. Uh where do you keep your horses? 596: Well he had a, he in the stall. Kept the horse in the stall. Well in that stall maybe the building in that in that barn or that shed in that barn. Why we where we call them stables. Interviewer: Alright now is that a part of the big barn? 596: Yes ma'am maybe you got Stables uh stored all in there under s- underneath. maybe as many as you wanted and as many animals as you got {X} you got a stall for all your horses or mules. For cows, you never particularly have to have them for cows. Interviewer: I see. 596: Ya. Interviewer: Uh where did you milk the cows? Well {X} uh we always milk this out there in the lot. {X} maybe sometimes Under the shed of the barns and ma- maybe the big shed maybe 596: #1 sometimes. # Interviewer: #2 You didn't have any special # #1 place where you brought them # 596: #2 No got no special place. # Interviewer: to milk them? Where'd you keep the- did you ever have any hogs? 596: Yes. Interviewer: Where did you keep your hogs? 596: Well I keep mine in the pen uh maybe uh when we used to let them run out you know they'd run out and be anywhere they wanted to but Nowadays you have to confine them in a pen or something or I- maybe I uh patch a lot, would still it'd be a pen. I {X} it's a pen {X}. {NW} Interviewer: Ya a pen wasn't something that you'd put them in to fatten them? 596: No, Not exactly at all times, but you have a fattening pen when you get them ready to fatten. Maybe you'd have a place, a closed place there with a floor in it or something to keep them from being in the mud so much. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 596: #2 Yea. # Interviewer: I see. 596: I still raise hogs. Interviewer: Oh do you? 596: Yes {X} I got some right there now. Interviewer: Have you? What- what's this pen out here that I see under these trees? 596: Well that used to be a cow, that's a cow pen where I'd milk {X}. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 596: #2 {X} # Interviewer: It's a nice shady pen, do you have any cows now? 596: No well we {X} no we don't have any. Interviewer: Um what's the place enclosed around the um uh around your barn? Was there a fence around the barn? 596: Yes and we call that the lot Interviewer: The lot? 596: Lot, we call it that- that's the lot. Interviewer: Alright was it but you would also call you know another place fenced off a lot too? 596: Pasture? Interviewer: That'd be a pasture, away from the barn? 596: Yes, and I put the cattle in or the cows cows they run in. Ya that's pasture. Interviewer: Did you ever raise any cotton? 596: Yes ma'am {X}. Interviewer: {NW} What is it that you do to cotton when you when you wanna get the weeds out? 596: I done everything to it. Interviewer: {NW} 596: plow, hoe, done everything like that. Interviewer: Di- was there something though that you called it when you were getting the weeds out? Scraping cotton or-? 596: Yea scrapping cotton now that's the first And get it worked up, {X} two scrapers while you you scrap it, you got a {X} {D: then you scraping cotton}. then after a while When it gets {D: big enough} clean out, eh you call it uh hoeing cotton. Interviewer: Hoeing 596: #1 Ya # Interviewer: #2 cotton. # 596: Healing cotton old folks used to say healing cotton. Interviewer: Uh did you ever hear it called chopping cotton? 596: Yes and well that's the same #1 thing. # Interviewer: #2 That's the same # thing as what hoeing cotton? 596: Hoeing or scrapping. Interviewer: Either one? 596: Either one yes. Interviewer: What kinds of grass grow in a cotton field that you don't want in there? 596: Why we call it crab grass, crab grass well we don't none of it in there. But just wild grass, crab grass, uh cocoa grass, anything like that. {NW} Interviewer: Okay 596: But in some places badly infested with it. Interviewer: Mm-hmm I imagine so. Uh you go your corn in what? In- in what, what would you call it? In a what? 596: Why we call it, you mean in how when you {D: uh a corn} in a bed we'd call it you know {X}. Interviewer: Uh and the whole big area though you'd say- 596: oh a field. Interviewer: Ya now and then I saw you, a whi- uh a while ago you used another term. You grow um a smaller area like maybe a- 596: Oh you talking about a garden or something? Interviewer: Ya uh a while ago you said a patch. 596: A patch? Ya the small patches. Interviewer: #1 {X}. # 596: #2 Ya. # While I {X} a patch that I just s- we say a small field. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 596: #2 but that's a # patch. That's just a little old n- you know maybe a half acre, or two acres, or something like that uh, 3 or 4 acres. Interviewer: #1 Could you have a- # 596: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Could you have a corn patch then? 596: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: And it would be smaller 596: #1 Yes, that's right that's right. # Interviewer: #2 than a acorn fields? # I see. 596: Well when it's small we call them patches. But when they big field then we call them fields of corn. Interviewer: Right that's what I was interested in. Um we talked a little bit about the fences around the farm and you mentioned the the barbed wire in the gap. 596: Ya. Interviewer: Uh what are the kinds of fences where the corn, what they were made of? 596: Well use- we used to have what's called rail fences. Rail fences I don't know where you ever heard of or seen a rail fence or not. Interviewer: Only the you know the ones they use now sometimes for decorations. 596: Yes. {X}. Interviewer: Well what did a rail fence look like? 596: Well it's a it's a if your rails are stacked like that you see on top of one another ya. Interviewer: #1 So that they cross # 596: #2 {X}. # Interviewer: #1 at the ends? # 596: #2 Yeah you kind of # And uh triangle now you know. Interviewer: Yeah. 596: And of course now you have to go to the woods and get them rails out and bust it, cut the timber make them rails, split them rails, then you make your fence. Uh we used to have for miles and miles that was just a rail fence. Interviewer: Was there anything that you know when they crossed here in the end was there any upright pieces? 596: Well sometimes we took {X} we get this top then we get the fence built like we want it maybe you put a, maybe it's up the hillside we put some pieces like you said up there up there. That's to keep the rail from sliding off down the hill. but going to level ground {D: yeah no} we didn't put nothing up there. Interviewer: About how high would they be? 596: Well about sometime it get that high, yes ma'am. Interviewer: Mm. 596: S- so animal wouldn't yeah just some animals you'd take would take advantage of you {X} and jump over. Interviewer: Oh really? 596: Yea something like that. Interviewer: Uh did you ever have uh a fence around your garden? 596: Yea some we had fence around the garden. Interviewer: What was it made of? 596: Well s- we all had to use wire, like that, {X} a wire fence, and and then uh then I have that around my garden what you call a picket fence. Interviewer: Mm-hmm what's a picket fence? 596: Well it's made o- made out of {D: slatch} about so high you know? #1 About 5 feet high? # Interviewer: #2 Yep yes, # 596: and you put railings around there to nail them on all the way around there. Interviewer: {D: So the- the slatch would go up and down?} 596: Ya that's right yes. Interviewer: Uh then what what would um or what'd the tops look like where they pointed or? 596: Sometime he'd point them sometime he wouldn't. Yes ma'am that's right. Well if you want to kind of make it decorated and you ki- you'd point them maybe like that. Interviewer: You know somebody told me that they put- pointed them around a garden to keep the chickens from setting up on the fence from 596: #1 Well I reckon so, well I, well I # Interviewer: #2 being able to get up on the fence, get down in the garden. # 596: #1 Well that's right, # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 596: #1 I reckon so. # Interviewer: #2 I hadn't heard that before # 596: Well I imagine it's that way. Interviewer: I thought it was for decoration and they said we never didn't have time to do things for decoration. {NW} Um let's see those um those upright things you know when you putting up a wire fence? 596: Yes and posts. Interviewer: Yeah that you stick the you stretch the wire- 596: Yes ma'am yeah. Interviewer: Did they ever build fences around here out of stone or rock? 596: Well yes ma'am I've seen a few back over there. Now man now you got some that'd be a lot like that. Interviewer: What would you call one of those? 596: I don't know I don't know what kind {X}. Interviewer: Okay. 596: I wouldn't know but I see they got them stone posts and I even don't even know how they fix the wire on them or how they get the wire to Interviewer: #1 Oh you mean # 596: #2 stay # Interviewer: the posts are made out of 596: #1 Yea stone that's- that's right. # Interviewer: #2 stone. Ya and then the wire's # 596: #1 Ya. # Interviewer: #2 strung between. # 596: That's right Interviewer: Oh that is I don't know how you'd stretch the wires. 596: No I don't how they stretch that wire on but they got them like that. {NS} Interviewer: If you wanna make a hen start laying 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: what do you put in her nest to fool her? 596: Well some folks put in what's called a nest egg in there. Ya. I've seen people that maybe we know do it {D: course old hen lay it} when she get ready to lay it. And if she didn't she didn't. Interviewer: {NW} An- would a nest egg be a uh a fake egg? Yes ma'am yes ma'am. 596: #1 Look like- # Interviewer: #2 It wouldn't be a real egg? # 596: No, glass something like a glass maybe it looked it look like an actual egg but it ain't, was not. Interviewer: I see 596: Anything about somebody had a nest egg when in the hen nest like that and the snake is uh bad about swallowing eggs you know Y- you seen {X} you swallow it. So you swallow that nest egg and it was stone. Interviewer: You're kidding? 596: That's true he done that now, he did. Interviewer: {NS} What di- what happened to the poor snake? {NW} 596: I don't know Interviewer: #1 Would that kill # 596: #2 what happened. # Interviewer: #1 the poor snake? # 596: #2 But he use- # {X} all that stone. Aux: Swallowed that nesting egg {X}. 596: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # That's funny. Aux: {X} Interviewer: {NS} You're talking about things that go in a chicken house you know to get the eggs or get the chickens. 596: #1 Ya. # Interviewer: #2 What kind of # animals go in there? 596: Well mink, he'll do it and old possum. Interviewer: They have any minks around here? 596: Well they- yes ma'am a few around here, weasels, raccoon. I killed a big coon in our chicken house out there about two years ago? Interviewer: Is that right? 596: Big coon, raccoon. Interviewer: Oh, sometimes people talk about all of those animals you know and they- they call them something, you know kind of a general term for all of them they say I gotta get some poison get rid of those? 596: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 Anything come to your mind? # 596: Well the rodents I reckon. Interviewer: Ah varmints? 596: Varmints yes ma'am that's right varmint. Interviewer: Now would uh I wonder when you say varmints are you talking about possums? 596: Yes mean you talking about possums or anything like that. Interviewer: Would- would you ever thi- if you had something big like a bear would you call that a varmint? 596: Yes ma'am we'd call he's be a varmint. Interviewer: He'd be a varmint too? 596: Yes he's varmint. Interviewer: You ever hear people referred to as varmints? 596: {X} Interviewer: Did you ever hear anybody call people you know a certain person a varmint? 596: Yes ma'am I've hear them call 'em that, this nickname you know call it like that. Interviewer: Uh would it s- Would it be a insult? 596: Well sometimes, you wouldn't want them to know that you called them that all the time. {NW} Interviewer: Uh, would that mean that- what would that mean about? 596: Well i- it's sort of s- uh it's sort of s- s- sort of slam, you know a slam a little bit but you don't mean for them to know it you just say that old coon done so-and-so like that you know you don't mean to call them old coon but you just you just. Interviewer: I'm talking about varmint If you said tha- that- that man's a varmint Would that mean he's dishonest or would that- 596: No that mean he's he- he he's {X} or something like that. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 596: #2 He's a varmint # {X}. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 596: #2 yeah. # Interviewer: If you have a nice set of dishes it might be made out of what? 596: China or something like that? Interviewer: Alright and you mention this bucket that you had on the water shelf and you said I think it was cedar right? 596: Ya it was cedar that's right. Interviewer: Alright uh what would you use to carry milk in? 596: well that'd be a milk w- uh you mean a what'd you cow milk {X} milk in or something like Interviewer: #1 No what # 596: #2 that # Interviewer: when you milk, what would you milk into? 596: Oh uh milk bucket yeah. Interviewer: And what would it be made of? 596: Well it'd made out of um oh it's tin I guess it would be {X} or something like that. yeah. Interviewer: {X} 596: What that? Interviewer: {D: Usually aluminum} 596: Well alum- a- a- a- aluminum ain't been here always. Uh-uh no well you know what the- plus it was tin way back yonder when it was tin, and he made of out of tin, but they made the shape of a milk bucket. A milk bucket be you know it'd be uh lying at th- at the bottom ] and come up to y- come up taking uh wide at the top That way a milk bucket be. But it be tin though way back yonder. Interviewer: Now would a- a- a wa- a water bucket wouldn't wouldn't come out at the 596: No no my water b-, no my water bucket not like that water bucket just uh like any other bucket you see now a days with cedar. Interviewer: #1 I see. # 596: #2 {X}. # Ya made out of cedar. and uh a cedar bucket, water really tastes better out of cedar bucket than any kind of bucket you can get. Ya that cedar tastes somehow I know they just I don't know it seem like it just makes the water taste good. Interviewer: Oh that's good. Uh this I- I'm interested in this difference between the milk bucket and the water bucket 596: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Did you ever hear the ones at the milk {X} called a pale #1 instead of a bucket? # 596: #2 Yes that's right # Pale, milk pale {X} that's milk pale it's the same thing. Interviewer: Same thing? 596: Ya, milk pale we just say bucket but it's a- it's a pale milk pale. Interviewer: I see, would you ever say a water pale? 596: Well, you could say that if you want to. Interviewer: What do you carry uh the food to the hogs in? Or to the 596: #1 I call that # Interviewer: #2 pigs in? # 596: the slop bucket. Interviewer: {NW} what would it be made out of? 596: Well any kind of old bucket you get anything that you eat or surplus bucket you might say you don't use. In the house or anything this old bucket call that the slop bucket. Interviewer: Ah 596: Yea Interviewer: WHAT KINDS OF BACK IN THE OLD DAYS, WHAT kinds of utensils? What kinds of things did your mother have to cook in? You know like what did she fry her eggs in? 596: We call them skillets. Interviewer: Skillet? 596: Yea skillet. Interviewer: What would it be made of? 596: Well it's made out of iron, and that iron skillet. Interviewer: Okay uh was there ever a kind that had legs on it? 596: Yes ma'am that's a pot. Interviewer: That was a pot? 596: Yea Interviewer: What did you use it for? 596: Well to boil vegetables in yes. Interviewer: Alright now would she'd put that, where would she put that on the stove? 596: On the stove, and back {X} have a bit of coals there live coal Sit that pot on there and put a lid on top of the pot and get some of them coals put on top of the lid Interviewer: Alri- alright how big were the, how tall were the legs on this pot? 596: Oh they be about that long Interviewer: #1 About 3 inches? Kind of? # 596: #2 something like that. Yes something like that. # Interviewer: Okay, w- was there ever anything that looked kinda like a skillet that had legs on-? 596: Why I- they use to have some skillets when you had legs on them when you cook on the fireplace. But as you got the stove the- uh skillets don't have no legs now {X} w- when you find an old skillet like that now {X} it's worth something to find something like that now. Interviewer: D- did you ever hear those called ovens? 596: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: Was that what what 596: When I had the oven it has the lid it- that oven it had a bottom and a top. that oven it had a bottom and a top to it. Interviewer: When you say a bottom and a top you talking about 596: Why we call- we call that a cover. Interviewer: Okay. Yes that cover.That's all. Hmm what was the kind you put the coals on top of? 596: Yea that's right Interviewer: {X} 596: That's right. Um there was something that, i- if you wanted to boil water you said on the stove you would use the pot to Interviewer: #1 boil water in? # 596: #2 Well I call it # kettle. Interviewer: Y- was that the same thing? Ya no. 596: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 They were different. # 596: Ya different. a tea kettle we used to call that. A tea kettle. Did it have a spout #1 Yea it had a spout, # Interviewer: #2 then? # 596: had a handle and a spout pulled out you know had a lid on it and you pulled out a spout. Interviewer: I see 596: That's right. Interviewer: If you were washing what did you boil your water in outside? 596: Well we used to have what's called wash pots. {X} wash pots. and boil the clothes. Interviewer: And I ran acro- I- I've run across something else over here too that interests me. When you you boiled your clothes 596: #1 Yeah, yeah # Interviewer: #2 right? You # wash them then what did you take them out and put them on? 596: I used to put them on a battling what's called a battling block. Interviewer: Now that really interests me 596: {NW} well a battling block about oh about so high. Interviewer: About four- four and a half feet high? 596: And you take a Interviewer: What was it made of? 596: It's wood. Interviewer: W- was it part of a tree? 596: Yes Ma'am that's right part of a tree and you'd have your battling stick maybe a big old paddle. You dip them clothes out of there and put them on top of that battling block and you take that paddle and you battle. Dirt be just uh flying. Interviewer: Really? 596: yeah Interviewer: I just can't imagine- 596: #1 then you'd turn it over- turn it # Interviewer: #2 It seems to me that would've ruined your clothes. # 596: No uh it wouldn't now I'd turn them over and battle and battle them turn it over and battle and battle. and you get through and {X} them clothes white. They clean. Interviewer: {NW} 596: Ya, and and the other thing i- in them day these people didn't have no what you call now uh s- soap like you know have now. Interviewer: Yes sir? 596: They had it called make lye soap. Called lye soap they- they- folks made that soap. You see take uh take uh ashes oak ashes or hickory ashes and put them in a barrel or something or another and on uh kind of put them on a slant some board under it and pour water in there on top and why you see the lye coming out running down {X} and it's strong you better not taste it {X} burn your tongue up. Interviewer: I bet 596: that lye come running out while you take that lye and put in a old barrel or something or a tub or you will put it in amongst your old bones or any kind of animal bones. Anything old meat you didn't want anything. And you put that lye in there where it {X} and that would eat that stuff all up and just eat it all up. And put that i- take that stuff put there in a pot, cook it, cook it and it'll come thick soap make thick soap, and they wash with that. Interviewer: You bathe with it too? 596: Well no. Interviewer: Or you washed with it? 596: Washed clothes with that Interviewer: I wondered if person could use it 596: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 on himself? # 596: he do he- he be sorry {X} I expect. Interviewer: {NW} Oh me Ya I imagine. {NW} Uh 596: Then- then they had uh actually then they could had a soap what they call uh bar soap. Oh yellow soap I- you might have seen it. Ya then they gonna- had a name for it {X} octagon soap they call it. Interviewer: My mother washed with that. Ya and so I'd buy the same soap {X} used to have make it in {X} these square bars like that and folks use that a whole lot Really? 596: Didn't know much about {D: toilet} soap. Interviewer: No I guess not. 596: No. Interviewer: Uh if you cut some flowers outside in your yard and you wanna bring them inside you'd put them in water in a what? 596: In a maybe a bucket or some something or some kind of container {X} something to hold water. Interviewer: Okay any- any- like a vase? 596: Ya some water in that's right. That's where you gonna put them inside the flowers inside the house you'd have flower vase. Interviewer: Alright and if you were putting them in like here in dirt you'd say put them in a what? 596: Well maybe into some uh a flower pot or something like that maybe. Like that had them what you call homemade flowerpots there {X}. {NW} Ya. Interviewer: They're the best kind. 596: Ya. {NW}{NW} Interviewer: Uh when you sat down to eat a meal you had your plate in front of you then what are the things you have to eat with? 596: Knives and forks, spoons like that. Interviewer: Alright. 596: {X} we call them. Ya. Interviewer: Okay and what's the thing you cut your meat with? 596: Knife Interviewer: I didn't know- You may have said that. 596: Yes. Interviewer: {X} If your dishes are all dirty your wife might say mm I gotta get up from here and go do what to them? 596: Uh wash them clean up the dishes. Interviewer: Alright and after a woman washes the dishes then she does what to them? 596: She rinse them. Interviewer: Alright- 596: and dry them. Interviewer: What's the cloth that she might use to wash them? 596: Well I call that the dishrag. Interviewer: Alright {X}. {NW} And what might she dry with? 596: Drying cloth {NW} Aux: {X}. Interviewer: Now listen here well I grew up saying dish rag all my life. Aux: {X} rag Interviewer: That's right. Aux: {X} 596: Well um I'm gonna tell it like it is Interviewer: #1 That's right # 596: #2 {X} # Interviewer: That's right Mr. {B} you tell it like it is. Aux: {X} 596: Well yeah yeah that where we come up with certain things that used to talk about the old time thing now Interviewer: Right right. {NW} Uh let's see and if you were washing your face you'd use a what? 596: Uh well a towel we use a towel. We used to say wash rag we used to call it. Interviewer: Okay {NW} and what do you turn on the water with at the sink? 596: A faucet you mean? Interviewer: Uh suppose it were out in the yard? 596: #1 oh I- # Interviewer: #2 It would be a? # 596: {X} we uh we got I call it {X} call it a faucet where you turn turn the water on {X}. Interviewer: Alright you thi- I'm wondering though if you'd ever call it a hydrant when it was- 596: Well yes I may have hydrant of course that's hydrant. turn on the hydrant why you eh eh why I call that the faucet on the hydrant what I call it. Interviewer: Okay the faucet thing would be the 596: #1 Yes yes # Interviewer: #2 handle part? # 596: with the handle part that's right. Interviewer: Alright and th- the hydrant itself would be what? 596: Well it'd be that pipe or uh Interviewer: #1 the pipe that comes up # 596: #2 It would extend up # there and all like that. Interviewer: I see. 596: {X} Interviewer: That would be out in the yard? 596: Yes ma'am in the yard. Interviewer: Right okay good. It was so cold last night that our water pipes did what? 596: Froze, they freeze up last night they just froze up. Interviewer: And then they what? 596: Bursted. Interviewer: {NW} Do you ever have any does it get that cold around here? 596: well yes ma'am it gets that cold here {X}. Interviewer: Does it? 596: It sure do. I find that hard to believe see I think uh Interviewer: #1 It's pretty far south # 596: #2 It sure do # Whenever it gets cold here and you see people getting I'm gonna wrap my pipes tonight or I might keep my waters continuing running tonight keep it from freezing. Why you keep it running continually why it won't freeze that w- that water coming out that warm water'll keep it won't let it freeze. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 596: but if you stop 'em now they freeze. Interviewer: Uh what did molasses used to come in when you bought it? 596: #1 Uh # Interviewer: #2 A long time ago. # 596: Barrels. Interviewer: Barrels? 596: Yes Interviewer: Uh what about lard? 596: Well they was in barrels too long time ago. Interviewer: Do you ever hear um was it- was lard did lard ever come in cans? 596: Yes ma'am come in cans- cans Interviewer: Uh do you ever hear those cans called a lard stand? 596: I'd call them lard cans Interviewer: Lard cans? 596: Yes, lard can. Interviewer: Alright. Uh if you wanted to pour something into a coke bottle say you might have to use something in the top? 596: In a funneler. Interviewer: Alright. 596: Funnel. Interviewer: And what do you use to urge your horses to go faster when you're driving? 596: Whip. Interviewer: Alright and if you bought fruit at the store the grocer might put them in a what? 596: Bag. Interviewer: What would it be made of? 596: Paper. Interviewer: Alright what would flour come in? 596: Sack Interviewer: Alright and it'd be made out of what? 596: Cloth. Interviewer: Alright. Uh what would feed come in? 596: They come in a grass sack, we call it a grass sack uh um what the name we call them uh we don't say grass sack all the time. We call it a croker sack I believe. Interviewer: Ah. You'd be more like to call it say a croker sack? 596: Yeah a croker sack. Interviewer: Alright. Um do you remember when you used to carry corn to the mill 596: #1 to be ground? # Interviewer: #2 Yes ma'am # 596: Yes ma'am, yes ma'am I carried that many time. Interviewer: What was the amount you'd carry at one time? 596: Well maybe we'd carry um maybe half a bushel. And maybe the larger family carry a bushels at same time and some of them would carry two bushels like that. With a big family was. Interviewer: Ever hear that referred to as a turn of corn? 596: Yes ma'am that's what a turn of corn yes. Well that's just uh any amount we'd call it a maybe say a turn of corn. Interviewer: What about a turn of wood? Have you ever heard that #1 expression? # 596: #2 Yes I have turn of wood # Ya I say oh you could get in your arm bring it in the house. Interviewer: I see 596: That's what you call a turn of wood. Interviewer: {NW} If a light burns out in an electric light you have to screw in a new what? 596: Bulb Interviewer: Alrig- they sometime call it a light? 596: Light bulb Interviewer: Ya. 596: Ya. Interviewer: Alright. When you carry out the washing to hang it up on the line 596: Ya. Interviewer: you carry it out in a what? 596: Well in a pail or a pan whatever you uh what you got- got- what you put your clothes in. Interviewer: Now they have a kind of a like when you go to- to do your washing maybe you have a clothes something- 596: Oh a basket Interviewer: Okay there- 596: {X}. Interviewer: Did they have baskets in the old days? 596: Yes, um no they didn't have no #1 basket # Interviewer: #2 They didn't # they used something else? 596: Anything they get the hands on. Interviewer: {NW} What did nails come in? 596: Nails? Interviewer: Yes sir 596: Well uh it's like this nails always is been in a uh I don't know what you call it. Interviewer: Uh looks like a little barrel. Aux: Or a keg 596: Well yeah keg that's right keg, nail keg that's right. Interviewer: Alright, and what runs around the outside of a barrel? The metal pieces? 596: Well hoops. Interviewer: And they hold it 596: #1 Yes that's right # Interviewer: #2 together right? # 596: hoop. Interviewer: What would you put in the top of a bottle to keep something from spilling ? 596: Stopper. Interviewer: What would it be made of? 596: Used to be made out of cork but you don't see that now. Interviewer: Now uh- what would you, wha- if you didn't have a cork stopper what might you use? 596: Oh we use to make take some paper you know and wad or twist it all up and and make a paper stopper and put it in there. Aux: {X} 596: Well I ever use that {X} for making a stopper and all like that. Interviewer: How? 596: Maybe if the b- if it's a big {X}. Have to use a {X} maybe. Interviewer: It had to be a have a certain size neck though to use the {X}. 596: that's right. Interviewer: Uh there's a musical instrument that children play that they blow in and move back. 596: Um French harp. Interviewer: And was there ever one you remember that you held between your teeth and you plucked? 596: yeah the Jew's harp. Interviewer: Did you ever play one? 596: Nah I tried to I never could do much playing. Interviewer: {NW} I'm always hoping that somebody will say yes I blew one and they'll show me 596: Ya I had a brother could play 'em though. Interviewer: Really? 596: Yes ma'am I had a brother could play those what you was talking about, oldest brother. Interviewer: Is that right? 596: Yea. Interviewer: Uh what do you pound nails with? 596: Wait? Interviewer: Wha- when you putting you know if you're doing 596: #1 Oh you- # Interviewer: #2 something hard? # 596: #1 Oh hammer. # Interviewer: #2 {X} # {D: Alright and if you got a nail you say you're gonna do what to it in a wall, I'm going to take a nammer a- a hammer and?} 596: Drive it in the wall. Interviewer: Alright and if you don't get it in far enough you say I've got to do wha- I've 596: I've got to drive it some more. Interviewer: Alright, and I- I just didn't 596: Drive it far enough. Interviewer: Okay and it'll have to 596: #1 Have # Interviewer: #2 be # 596: to be drove up further. Interviewer: Alright 596: Driven up further. Interviewer: Talking about the uh parts of a wagon 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: The part that goes up between the horses is the? 596: Ya that's the tongue of a wagon. Interviewer: Alright if you had the horse uh buggy the two pieces? 596: Share shares. Interviewer: Alright now thinking about the wheel part of the wagon 596: Ya Interviewer: the center part is the? 596: And why that is the? Interviewer: the hub is that what you? 596: Yes ma'am or the wheel center part the hub. Interviewer: Then it- then the what? 596: The spooks goes up there. Interviewer: they go into the what? 596: go into the rim and to filler we'd call it. Interviewer: Ah-ha {NW} you know tha- you are one of the few people in the world who knows that word? 596: that's right going to the filler. Yeah we call it that's the filler up there and and the spokes go in there and the spoke would extend back to the hub yeah. Interviewer: And the outside part, the steel part it touches the ground 596: #1 That- # Interviewer: #2 and stuff? # 596: that's the rim. Interviewer: that's the rim? 596: Yea that's the rim. mm-hmm Interviewer: The part of the wagon that the horses actually pull on 596: Mm-hmm. While he pull w- with the {X} the singletree it stays on to the doubletree while the horses he pulling them with them single trees the weight on that doubletree that draws the wagon that's pulling the wagon along. Interviewer: Alright if you've got one horse pulling a wagon would you still have the doubletree? 596: No I mean you've had have some {X} have a {X} for him to pull that {X} buggy. Interviewer: Oh so you could use just a one singletree? 596: No no you just if you, no you just have one singletree if you if your horse is pulling by himself. It just one it just one uh a wagon now is one singletree but a buggy you got some {X} he's pulling it by the {X} the {X} is doing the bringing the wagon along. Interviewer: Uh what I'm trying to figure out about the wagon though is you know you say you've got the doubletree and then the sing- two single trees fastened on to the double 596: #1 Yes ma'am mm-hmm. # Interviewer: #2 tree right? # Now if you've got that's for two horses- 596: Yes that's right. Interviewer: suppose you got one horse Pulling the wagon- 596: Well then o- a one horse wagon. Interviewer: still be on there? 596: Yes ma'am, one a- uh one horse wagon he got sh- still he got {X} put on a {X} but still he's got one singletree up there he's got {X} with his {X}. Interviewer: #1 Ya they're fastened # 596: #2 fastened to- # Interviewer: on to the singletree. Would there be a doubletree for that singletree? No. I see so there would just be the singletree in that case? That's right. Okay fine. Uh, if a man were going back and forth all day with wood in his wagon, you'd say he was doing what 596: #1 to the wood? # Interviewer: #2 He's # 596: hauling wood. Interviewer: Alright. Suppose there was a log across the road you'd say I tied a rope to it and what it? 596: Uh I dragged it out, I drug it out or something Interviewer: okay and we have quite a few stumps we have dragged or we have drugged quite a few stumps. 596: Ya we have Interviewer: Have you ever used snaked? 596: Ma'am? Interviewer: Have you ever used snaked a log? 596: Yes ma'am that's right that's right yes ma'am. put a chain on it get your pa- animals to it and uh {X} {D: what you got} and just snake it along {X}. Interviewer: Ah what do you break the ground with in the spring? 596: Well I used to break it with a plow, with a plow but now you got tractors and all who can do all that but back in the then would, you would take a plow and maybe we'd one them we call or maybe one horse plow. maybe there are two horse plowing like that. Then they get a {X} we take a middle splitter. that's a two horse plow, that throws the dirt each way making your rows for planting. Interviewer: And those those trenches that a plow cuts are what? {X} Um what kinds of plows, you've mentioned the middle splitter what other kinds of 596: #1 Well theres a # Interviewer: #2 plows? # 596: two horse plows, it's a two horse plow it's a big plow that you take uh make them plowing a big bulk out. Why you carry half this time and half next time but a middle splitter well you gonna hold {X} clean it out as you go. Interviewer: Uh and what do you use to break up the clods? 596: Well we- clod masher we call it. Interviewer: Ever hear it called a harrow? 596: Yes ma'am a harrow, that's right to level off Interviewer: #1 That's the same thing? # 596: #2 stuff like that. Yes ma'am yeah # {X} harrow I either just um call them a harrow {X} one horse harrow something like that. Interviewer: Okay. What do call the X shaped frame that you put a log across to chop it up? 596: Well I- Interviewer: Was there ever a frame? 596: #1 Yes ma'am,I don't know what you # Interviewer: #2 you know that you put them in? # 596: call it I just pick me something like that. put a little log between and saw it or something like that but I don't know- Interviewer: You didn't call it anything? 596: No ma'am I didn't. Interviewer: What would you put a plank across to saw it? 596: Well hor- uh we call horses. Interviewer: Horses? 596: Yes ma'am horses. Interviewer: Alright uh you sharpen a straight razor on a leather? 596: Well I'd sharpen, you- you'd sharpen a straight razor on a hone, you honed it first on a rock. Interviewer: Yes sir 596: On th- then as you get honed while you have your uh strap strap {X} that strap on your razor. Interviewer: Ah 596: Put an edge on it keeping a fine edge on it. Interviewer: Oh 596: Ya. Interviewer: I don't see how anybody ever shaved with it 596: Well that's what I shave with now. A straight razor Interviewer: #1 You're kidding? # 596: #2 all the time. # I don't ever Interviewer: #1 Right now? # 596: #2 use # {X} Now, everyday I use I- uh- twi- I'm use it twice a week. I shave with my straight razor. Interviewer: I'd slit my throat Aux: {X} Interviewer: {NW} How in the world- 596: You'd cut it one time, you'd cut it one time, you wouldn't cut it no more, you- you'd be protecting it Interviewer: {NW} Well I guess you've probably been doing it a long 596: #1 Ya well that's right # Interviewer: #2 time so # 596: Ever since I be old enough to shave that's what I use.\ Interviewer: Oh my 596: I've got a razor I been had twenty-two years. Same razor. Interviewer: Same straight 596: #1 And it's as # Interviewer: #2 razor? # 596: good as it was when I first bought it. Interviewer: Is that right? 596: That's right. Interviewer: My goodness. What do you put in a revolver to shoot it? 596: Well called cartridges. Interviewer: Alright and somehow people straightened their hair with a comb or a? 596: Uh straightening comb you call it {X} Interviewer: Well no they just you know they- they ge- fix their hair with a comb or a bru- 596: {X} comb. Interviewer: Uh huh or a what a bru-? 596: A brush. Interviewer: Okay if you say you're gonna use a brush on your hair you're gonna do what to your hair? 596: Aw you gonna put some {D: more} maybe uh uh grease I mean uh- Interviewer: Or just like brush your hair- 596: Brush your hair or just something like that. Interviewer: Alright {X} 596: Hairdressing or something like that. Interviewer: Alright when you were a child it might have been some things you found to play with. Um did you ever put a plank across a horse and one kid go up and down? 596: Up and down that's right. Interviewer: What'd you call that? 596: I don't know we called it #1 ridding r- # Aux: #2 Seesaw # 596: See- I- we called seesaw, we would, be seesaw. Interviewer: Alright if you were- if you were doing that what would you say you were doing? 596: Well see-sawing all I can Interviewer: #1 Okay that's good. # 596: #2 tell. We were seesawing # {X}. Interviewer: And suppose there was a plank that was say fastened in the middle like to a tree stump 596: Yes ma'am uh. Interviewer: Going around and aroun- 596: Round round and round, I made a many of 'em Interviewer: Did you? 596: Yes. I eve- I even have went to cut off a a tree by its {X} tucked the stump of it and {X} fetched me a pole between there and go make it around. Interviewer: Is that right what did you- 596: Called a flying Jenny Interviewer: Flying Jenny? 596: Yeah flying Jenny. Interviewer: {NW} what about something where you would um hang say a rope or something from tree and put a plank on it? 596: Yea, that's a swing. Interviewer: Alright did you use vines sometimes for that? 596: Yes ma'am, yes ma'am used some vines, we used some of those vine we used to have one and cut a vine and we could just swing way out over the swamp. I mean a {X} come back to where we started at. Interviewer: Is that right? 596: Ya. {X} well we tried it. Interviewer: {NW} In- in this part of the country did the children ever play or you know when you were growing up 596: Ya Interviewer: did they ever play something where they had a long limber plank 596: Yes. Interviewer: And they fastened both ends and jump up and down on it? 596: Yes. I dunno what they call it but th- but they'd have that though I don't know what that what name they used that. Interviewer: Did they ever er- did you maybe hear it called a jumping board 596: Well it might have been. Interviewer: #1 Or juggling board ? # 596: #2 though. Might have # been something like- Interviewer: But you di- didn't really, you don't really 596: #1 remember? # Interviewer: #2 No # 596: don't know what the name was, I just don't know. Interviewer: What would you carry keep coal in beside a stove? 596: Keep what? Interviewer: Keep coal In if you had a coal stove? 596: Yes ma'am. Interviewer: There's a container sometimes you'd keep it beside the stove. 596: Well I don- wouldn't- I wouldn't know what you'd call that either. Like you have 'em coals what you gonna put 'em inside the stove? I don't know what you Interviewer: #1 {D: Ever hear of a scuddle?} # 596: #2 call. # Ma'am? Interviewer: {D: Ever hear of a scuddle?} 596: Well yes ma'am I reckon so I guess so. But I didn't know what we'd call it. Interviewer: Alright and thinking about the stove wh- that maybe your mother cooked on, 596: Ya. Interviewer: What was the part of the stove that came up from the stove up to the chimney? 596: Oh uh you mean the stove pipes you call it? Interviewer: Alright. Ya. And what did it face into in the wall or in the ch- ceiling, wherever it went? 596: Well now way back in on them forty when they making these things your stove pipe come from your stove on up that's straight on up the top of the house and what went through the wall up the the boards on top of the house. They call her uh roof plate. Interviewer: Roof plate? 596: Ya roof plate and you'd fix her all round the roof plate so water wouldn't run in round the stove pipe. That's called a roof plate And {X} went to fix them where they have uh {X} the flu. {X} that flu. And tha- that flu made out of brick and that- that would take your uh smoke and everything on out. {X} Interviewer: With a brick the flu made out of brick- 596: Ya. Interviewer: be on top of the house? 596: No maybe it'd come through the through the roof of the house down to about what you call a the loft up there we'd call it. Interviewer: I see. 596: And rest on some cross pieces up there. I- Well it started going out but you pro- you still probably go up in you go up in that flu stop up there and- Interviewer: I follow you, I see what you're saying. Alright uh you talked a minute ago about the hone that you used to sharpen the #1 razor on? # 596: #2 Yeas ma'am # yes ma'am. Interviewer: Alright was this something that you'd carry in your pocket to shape- to sharpen knives? 596: No you could sharpen knives with them but I use a hone. Oh it be about that long and its a solid smooth {NS} and you take it and put some oil on it and take a razor and just Interviewer: Mm 596: sharpen on that. Interviewer: Well what would you use to sharpen a pocket knife then? 596: Well you use a po- pocket knife you take a rock of some kind maybe um what you call a piece of old uh grinding stone. They like to do sharpen pocket knife on. just old piece of grinding stone. Interviewer: Right now a grinding stone, wh- what would it be like? Uh- 596: Grinding stone is a round maybe a uh uh something like a wheel that round with {X} timber through it with a handle on it. You turn your axes to sharpen your axes and all that- Interviewer: It'd be mounted somewhere- 596: Yes ma'am, draw knife, uh a cane knife, anything you want sharp any kind of instrument you want. that's what a grinding stone is. Interviewer: Alright did you ever hear the kind that you could carry around with you called um a wet rock or wet stick? 596: Yes that's right. Well wet rock, we always call it a wet rock just any old piece of grinding stone anything it gets broke or anything we call that a wet rock. Interviewer: Oh you'd pick that up and take it around with you if you wanted to if you wanted to?Yes, yes that's right. But you couldn't carry a grind stone? 596: No. Interviewer: {NW} Alright um there's something that you carry uh say bricks in uh that you push around has two handles and one wheel- 596: Yeah I know wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Alright and this thing parked out here is a? My- what I drove in? 596: Oh- oh you mean a car yeah. Interviewer: Would you ever use the word automobile? 596: Yes automobile, that's when they first come out you know. Interviewer: Yea but if you were just talking about it would you be more likely to say automobile or car? 596: we usually mostly say car now Interviewer: I think everybody 596: Everybody says car now. Well I remember the first day I ever saw it in my life. it was just it was just nothing like we got now. Interviewer: Mm. 596: Course I, when I come in this world it wasn't no c- such thing as a car. Interviewer: Oh no I guess not. 596: There was no such thing as a car. Interviewer: You got a pretty truck out there. 596: Yes ma'am. {X} I'd rather use a truck now to gather in the food the car cause I but all time I was picking up something, you know something like that then {X} better than a car do. Interviewer: Oh yeah. 596: Ya. Interviewer: Well there are a lot of times I think I need a truck. 596: Yes. Interviewer: This isn't mine I rented that one because my husband doesn't like me to drive all the way to Georgia yes. No. So I fly over to Jackson and then drive out there uh. Uh if my car started getting squeaky 596: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: I might say I need to go do what to it? 596: Go ahead catch the garage, have it checked. Interviewer: Alright, and while he's there he might say it needs um you need to do what to it, you need to gre-? 596: You need to grease it uh maybe need greasing uh uh checking on it some whatever the matter'd it be. Ya Interviewer: So I left it with a mechanic and he? 596: Yea. And he and he greased it uh done something to it whatever you call it. Interviewer: And um when he got through he was so, his hands were all? 596: All gre- greased up, and something like that Interviewer: You use a kind of a, a thick 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: uh grease when you're lubricating a car but there's something thin like if your door hinge was squeaking what would you put on it? 596: Well we call that w- we call that um sometimes we call it three in one oil something like that where you, That's not uh that's just a smooth oil that is. Ya, three in one oil um, then we got a, some oil we call a {X}. {X} oil. That's {X} put on any kind of uh nuts you want uh to get it loose, it won't come loose well that- that- that uh- Interviewer: Oh yes, I seen that 596: Yes Interviewer: Back in the old days they used to just melt something they'd melt lard or something to use- 596: Yes, and all like that yeah these folks used to grease the wagon all time but- Interviewer: {X}. 596: {X} just anything {D: pine rolls or mortar} Interviewer: #1 Of really? # 596: #2 anything. # Yea Interviewer: Uh the kind of stuff they used to burn in lamps? 596: Coal oil now they call it kerosene oil, they don't it anything now much {X}. Interviewer: Did they uh ever did you ever make a lamp? I mean you- have one no- not a bought lamp but make one using coal oil or? 596: Yes ma'am, I made a {D: many of 'em}. Interviewer: How did you do that? Well I'd- I'd take a little old {X} bottle and put some oil in it and take uh {X} cloth {X} twist it good and twist it put it down i- in that oil soak in there and you- all you got those lighters 596: hold your torch at {D: this angle}. yeah, same as a lamp. Interviewer: well did you ever call it anything, what would you call it? 596: I used to call it a lamp, homemade lamp I'd call it. Interviewer: Okay. 596: Homemade lamp. Interviewer: Uh {NS} toothpaste comes in a? 596: Tubes Interviewer: If you'd just built a boat and you about to put it in the water for the first time you say you're gonna do what to it? 596: Pitch it or something like that. Interviewer: Alright or launch it? 596: It was something like that yeah. About the same thing. Interviewer: Alright what kind of boats uh do you think, uh what kind of boat would you use to go fishing in? 596: I don't know {D: my net it'd go} {X} boat {D: in order to} fishing. Interviewer: Ah 596: But but her uh I wouldn't know what you'd call it. Interviewer: Alright um the kind of boat that has a pointy, what's a canoe look like? You know, have any idea about a 596: #1 No, # Interviewer: #2 canoe? # 596: no ma'am I ain't been {X} waters too much. Interviewer: Yea, I- there are a lot of these questions that maybe people who don't uh- maybe it would really apply to somebody over next to the 596: #1 That's right. That's right . Yes. # Interviewer: #2 river but over here it may not. # Alright um if you met a little boy on the street and he was afraid of you 596: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: you might tell him you weren't gonna hurt him by saying now don't cry I, 596: Yea I ain't gonna bite, now don't cry son I ain't gonna bite I wouldn't hurt you for nothing I'd him something like that. Interviewer: That's- If a woman wants to buy a dress that's a certain color, 596: Mm-hmm Interviewer: When she goes to the store she might take along a little piece of cloth 596: That's right. Interviewer: That'd be um? 596: That'd be a sample of what you wanted maybe uh I guess. Interviewer: Alright, if she sees a dress that she likes very much, she might say that's what kind of dress? That sure is a? 596: A beautiful dress. Interviewer: Or a pre- 596: A pretty dress.