Interviewer: Well that you'd have on on a farm and the buildings that 604: They put 'em in? Interviewer: {D:huh}? 604: The buildings they kept 'em in? Interviewer: Yeah. 604: Well um {NS} We had {NS} two horses on our farm and um had two boys that plowed 'em and #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm. # 604: and so we had a big barn though and uh had several uh stalls under that barn and Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 604: some cribs too. In some of the cribs we put cotton in, some we put corn in and different things like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 604: and kept feed in ya know we care to {D: the meals} and get {D:fixed} Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 604: in some of the stalls in {NW} uh Interviewer: What other animals did you have #1 in the # 604: #2 oo we had # cows in the lot We had a lot built onto the barns. Ya know that? Interviewer: Mm-hmm. 604: and we had cows and one time my daddy had a few goats. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {D:oh} # 604: {NW} They said that only way to keep them goats from uh jumping in the field was just put up a ladder and let 'em walk over. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 604: {NW} They just go anywhere they want to. Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 604: #2 goats will # Interviewer: #1 # 604: #2 # So he didn't keep these goats long but uh we had chickens and turkeys geese Interviewer: Uh-huh. 604: Things like that out the back ya know down by the barn. Interviewer: What other animals did you have? to to eat maybe? 604: Oh such as hogs? Interviewer: Uh-huh 604: Yeah we had hogs turkeys and chickens that we use for meats and cattle.{NW} #1 We always # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 604: {X} a beef every year. Interviewer: Where'd you keep the hogs? 604: In the woods just like these cows {X} out there 'til we get ready to fatten 'em then we pen 'em up. Feed 'em corn and sweet potatoes water things like that. Interviewer: Mm-hmm 604: Get 'em get 'em real fat and kill 'em. That's where we get our grease and meat. Interviewer: Mm-hmm Did you um ever have any special what what was this place you'd keep the hogs in? What did it #1 look like? # 604: #2 We'd call 'em # pen. Well the way my Daddy always made his he made a pen and floored it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: So the hogs wouldn't be down in the mud and uh um they could get their feet out of the troughs up on that floored pen. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you um where where would you turn the the cows out to graze? 604: Just in the woods like they are here. Interviewer: What if um {X} in some areas though where you'd have to 604: #1 Well I # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: I had never lived in where they had to keep in pasturage ya know. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: There some places here in Lamar county that's that they have to keep 'em shut up but we have free range out here. Always have that. Interviewer: Haven't you had any trouble from that #1 it seems like # 604: #2 Oh yeah we get # Interviewer: #1 # 604: #2 # I believe we done got two killed this year. Interviewer: mm 604: Ya know people with their cars run into 'em. Interviewer: Who's fault is it then? 604: Well uh it's the one that's driving cause they know this is open range. Unless it'd be somebody like you come in here and didn't know that it was open range ya know and was making lotta speed Interviewer: yeah 604: and trying to get to somewhere right away. Well the people through here that has open range they don't um charge you nothing for killing their cow but you have your own expenses to fix your car. Interviewer: yeah 604: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 604: #1 it's {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: that's free range. {NW} Interviewer: Say you got going to someone's house someone's house and tell them you know hey gee you know your cows have gotten out. 604: {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: #1 yeah # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: {X} We don't have to tell nobody about {X} we open the gates every morning and let 'em go. Interviewer: yeah Did you ever hear about anyone having a a fenced in place in a pasture? Where they might milk the cows? 604: Mm oh yeah. People that don't have uh free range. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: They put 'em in pastures all the time. and that's where the that these dairies around they all have pastures. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: for just milk cows ya know Interviewer: mm-hmm Did did you ever hear say if you were gonna milk your cows um you might milk 'em in the barn or or you might have a a fenced in place. 604: Yeah a lot. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: put 'em turn 'em in the lot have the calves in the lot and turn the cow in and milk. Interviewer: mm-hmm Oh I see. um where Where in the barn um did you store hay? 604: uh upstairs Interviewer: What did you call that upstairs? 604: Well uh ya know ya had the the stables and uh hay and everything down here. and up there well uh That's where you'd put the upstairs where you'd put the feed for the cows. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you call that anything besides upstairs? 604: Yeah we'd called it up the barn. {NW} Interviewer: um What did it look like up was it just a a #1 floored in place # 604: #2 a big uh-huh just # floored in place Interviewer: and um suppose you had too much hay to to put up in the barn 604: Well if you don't have enough room to put ya hay in the barn you have to stack it in the field and put a plastic cover over it. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever see a any different types of of hay stacks? 604: mm-hmm I've seen 'em stack it around poles. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: {NW} Have a pole sticking up out of the ground and put hay all around it and then just cover the top of it and the cows would eat this hay down here where they can get to it #1 ya know # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 604: and as they eat that out it keep coming down. Interviewer: Oh I see. and um When you first got hay you know and you you let it dry 604: mm-hmm Interviewer: or at least you used to now they #1 bale it but # 604: #2 mm-hmm # Interviewer: um and it rake it up in little piles 604: Yeah they'd rake it up and uh {NS} rolls across the field that way and then ya'd take it truck or wagon whatever you was hauling it in with a pitchfork and put it on the wagon and haul it 'til the barns {NS} #1 or stack it. # Interviewer: #2 What would # 604: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 # 604: #1 in the field # Interviewer: #2 what was # 604: #1 {NS} # Interviewer: #2 # What would you call that um {NS} amount that you'd take um those little piles that you'd take up with your pitchfork? 604: Just a load of hay on your pitchfork's all I know. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: Got about all you can carry with or {X}. {NW} Interviewer: yeah 604: {NW} Interviewer: I was wondering if you had heard of a shock or a 604: Well that's where you shock it around this pole ya know? you put it around there and they call it a hay stack shocked it up around this pole Interviewer: What do you mean by shocked then? 604: Well that's stacking it up there to where it it won't fall{NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and uh you put a load and you get up there and you drop it down Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and make it be real tight to where it won't be blowing or falling or anything. It's shocking it. Interviewer: and um Do you ever have any special place for storing grain? 604: Oh yeah. {NW} Well {NW} we just had corn cribs Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: throw the corn in the cribs. Interviewer: Did you ever hear a grainer? or anything like that? 604: Yeah I've hear that but I've never we never had one. Interviewer: mm-hmm um 604: Yeah we put our rice in we used to raise our own rice. Interviewer: Oh really? 604: Uh-huh Interviewer: I didn't know the climate was 604: Oh yeah We raised our own rice and we had a big boxes with a lid to it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and we carried it to {X} and get it to cleaned and bring it back and put it in this big box. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: let it down have rice all year Interviewer: hmm Did you ever raise cotton? 604: Oh yeah. It's how {X} with this place we raise cotton to pay for it. {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Tell me about what that's like what sort of work you have to do. 604: Well ya have to fix ya ground{NS} {NW} ya know and plant ya seed and then you um after ya cotton comes up ya chop it. They call it chopping cotton. Just leave it in {X} along ya know where you have room to {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and make a a stalk and then ya then ya used to pick cotton in sacks but now they pick 'em with machinery. Interviewer: mm-hmm um What do you call that grass that grows up in the cotton field? 604: Oh different kind {NW} some uh they crab grass and there some um oh I guess crab grass would be the worst. oh just all kind old grass and weeds. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: You have to hoe it out. Keep it clean so it won't be in ya cotton. Interviewer: You mentioned uh first of all you have to fix your ground. 604: mm Interviewer: How do you do that? 604: Well they ah they they get out there and plow it up ya know and then uh they call it flat breaking it #1 it just break it # Interviewer: #2 flat? # 604: all every bit of it just break it up ya know and just let the plows go through and break it up and then they streak it all with a plow. Interviewer: What's that? 604: That's where you plow the row. just straight make a straight row across this field ya got broke up and then they they put their row down through there and another row {NS} {NS} {X} plant ya put ya fertilizer out and then put ya throw ya ground back on that fertilize and take a little plow on top {NS} well your planter get up on top of the little ridge and and ya planter as ya go along and put out the seed and the fertilizer {NS} Interviewer: What um different types of plows are there? 604: Oh they're turning plows and sweeps and {X} uh scooter plows and Interviewer: What's a sweep? 604: A sweep is a {X} and it's just about as wide as ya hand. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: It's like that. Interviewer: Also {X} shaped? 604: uh-huh Interviewer: {X} 604: and you plow out the middle and just leave it as clean and pretty as you please with a sweep then you now have a hairs side hairs around that cotton Interviewer: Are there different kinds of {X}? 604: uh-huh There's some ya put on machinery and some ya put on horses. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Do you know names of # of some of the {X}? 604: No we only just called 'em {X}. Interviewer: uh-huh What and what was the scooter plow? 604: A scooter plow's what ya lay the row on with. {NS} Interviewer: What does it look like? 604: {NW} It's uh oh about like that Interviewer: Like you have your hands overlapping {X} 604: It's just kinda {D:narrow} ya know. Just about like that it's just a {NS} a little plow goes down in the ground. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: {X} off the row. Interviewer: Oh I see. Have you ever heard of the gee whiz? 604: Yeah Interviewer: What's that? 604: I've heared that but let me think what a gee whiz Uh {NS} I don't know if I ever seen one. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: But I've heared {NS} people say it. Interviewer: yeah 604: gee whiz {NS} They gotta gee whiz or something like that but I I {NS} don't know. I wouldn't know what that was.{NS} Interviewer: Tell me about um how you used to keep milk and butter and what you had refrigerated. 604: Well we didn't we didn't try to keep it. Interviewer: What? 604: We'd just milk everyday ya know? Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: um We skimmed the milk off next day and what milk we didn't use um We'd put the cream every two days we'd churn. Sometimes we'd have to churn everyday in the summertime ya know. and make the butter and so we'd if we had more than we needed well we just let the cow go on to the woods with the calf. We just shut up so many so we'd have plenty of milk and butter. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: {NW} Interviewer: But did you ever have any place for for keeping it cool? (X} 604: Oh yeah I've seen 'em um let it carry it to the spring we call it the {X} and put it under the water. Interviewer: Oh I see. Um did you have a little house sort of built there or just lower it down in there? What about um water that'd you carry from the well would you put that any place that was closer to the house or? 604: Uh the well was just right out in the yard if we wanted fresh water we'd just go draw some {x} and get fresh water. After it sat there a while you wouldn't want to drink it ya know. It'd get hot in the summertime. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and uh We'd just go back to the well and draw a fresh bucket of water. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of the water house or anything like that? 604: I've seen 'em where they had sheds over them. well Interviewer: uh-huh 604: We never did have one over our wells. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: We had a trough that'd come up to the well um pour water in that trough then {X} outside to where you could water the cows or horses or anything. We didn't bring 'em in the yard ya know. We just poured in this trough it'd run down there in their trough. Interviewer: I see. 604: Just made a trough didn't hold a lot of water ya know. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: {X} draw the water out and pour it in the trough and had to run down on the outside into another trough. Interviewer: yeah 604: cows and horses could drink but we lived among water we didn't have no trouble with that. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Plenty of springs and rivers, creeks and things around. Interviewer: um You mentioned the while they mentioned that the dairy Does that word have any other meanings? Do you ever talk about a dairies being anything besides just this farm? 604: The dairies is uh you know the uh we used to didn't have dairies through here. Long time ago when I was a child but uh now they have 'em oh I don't know tween here in Columbia. Guess you'd {X} about three or four anyway. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: And uh They'd keep their cows in the pasture and they milked but they just machines that they got they put on the cows ya know and Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and uh they put the milk in tanks and then big trucks comes by and pick it up ya know. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: pump it into their tank and carry {NW} {X} {NS} #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Where did you used to keep potatoes or turnips in the winter? 604: {NW} Well we called it uh banking 'em. {NS} Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: we uh clean off a place on the ground and put straw down there pine straw Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and then pile the potatoes up way up so high #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 over # 604: #1 uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: yeah yeah some of 'em would be in uh we'd put straw over that then put a few corn stalks right up at the top for the they claimed the potato could breathe keep it from just Interviewer: uh-huh 604: getting too hot and um go to sprout something like that get it air and so um then over top of that they'd just spread a little something over it or turn an ol' bucket or something over top of them stalks and {NW} Interviewer: I'm not sure I understand, would you have to dig something first or? how would you you couldn't It doesn't seem like you could just pile potatoes up on top of each other and not have it all fall over. 604: #1 uh # Interviewer: #2 how would you # 604: Well it it goes up like that you know you start down here in the big place Interviewer: uh-huh 604: and uh oh then you fit just keep piling it up 'til it's sharp pointed. Interviewer: Like a pyramid 604: #1 Yeah. # Interviewer: #2 sort of? # 604: {NS} and uh they keep all year {X} in the Spring well you have your bed that you put the little potatoes in for seed next year Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and uh you tear them down and you bed 'em out on the ground and put straw over them and just a little bit of dirt first thing you know they just come up and they nice potato {D:draws} ya know{NS} take the potato {D:draws} stick 'em out in the field and they call these little plant {D:draws/straws???} Interviewer: {D:draws?} 604: uh-huh potato {D:draws} and they've uh plant them out in rows and make potatoes. Interviewer: Oh I see. Did you ever store have to store turnips in the winter? 604: Well we didn't have to but we have few times. just like ya did potatoes. Interviewer: Just a {D:bank}? 604: Yeah just a ol' {D:bank}. Interviewer: What um what kind of fences do you remember seeing? 604: Oh well uh rail fences and uh picket fence and uh bar fence {X} fence just about ever since I remember Interviewer: What kinds? 604: Huh? Interviewer: What kinds? of {D:wire} fences? 604: Well ya know it's like that. and then ya put a barbed wire across the top. Interviewer: What do you call {X} squares? 604: You know how you see through it you know it's a little square. {NS} Interviewer: What um what was the rail fence like? Were there different #1 type # 604: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: rail 604: Uh no they rail fences all aligned{NS} {NS} built like this ya put one rail there and another here and then this one come on top of that and then I dunno on top of that got it up {X} Interviewer: Did you ever see um if if you wanted to um put a an extension if you wanted your your fence real fence to be higher? 604: mm-hmm Interviewer: Something you could build? 604: Yeah you can just keep building just as high as you can reach. Interviewer: uh-huh But did you ever see anything built like {X} like this and {X} like this and then lay a board across? 604: Don't believe I ever did. Interviewer: okay And what what was the picket fence like? 604: Well uh that's just uh pieces of uh material about has wide as one of them {X} about like that door facing there. Interviewer: About three inches? 604: uh-huh about three inches wide I guess and uh then they'd put up two um strips down here closer to the {NS} one down close to the ground and one a way up here Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and then they {X} ya know {NS} that was picket fence {NS} {NS} Interviewer: Did you ever see them built different from that? 604: uh-huh Interviewer: how? 604: Oh well it they {X} well not just for a feet on the I've seen 'em around people's houses where they would fix 'em different. Interviewer: {X} they're still picket fences? 604: they're still picket fences. Interviewer: um You said you were gonna put up a barbed wire fence you'd you'd have to do holes for the 604: mm-hmm post Interviewer: uh-huh and how how many would would you use? 604: Well um if you wanted a real good fence you'd put it every ten foot. But if ya just got it up there just to {D:hold} uh cows and calves back from trying to tear it down or you could put it good long ways from post to post ya know. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: but uh to have a real good fence you have to have it about every ten foot ya have to have a post to nail that wire to. Interviewer: Oh I see. And um did you ever see a fence with wall made out of loose stone or rock? 604: Uh what kind? Interviewer: uh something you'd take stone or a rock from 604: I have never seen 'em only just uh {D:round} homes ya know like on the coast or some place like that. I seen 'em One or two in the country but it's where they is {D:save} the old stones they'd plow ya know and used 'em for fence stack 'em up Interviewer: And um Suppose you had a real good set of dishes chances are they'd be made out of what? 604: China? Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever see an egg made out of that? 604: Any what? Interviewer: An egg made out of that. 604: A China? Interviewer: uh-huh. What what would that be called? 604: I don't know. I don't know is I ever seen a egg made out of China. Interviewer: Well something that you could put in a hen's nest. 604: yeah I've seen a lot of them. I didn't know if they was China or just old {D:crock} or what. #1 Ya know? # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh. # 604: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 604: Like you make jugs and things out of just painted white. {NS} I seen lots of little old {X} that they use for eggs ya know. Interviewer: uh-huh What do you call those little {X}? {X} 604: No just a little vine that grows a little {X} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 yeah # 604: {NW} Interviewer: What did you use to carry water in? 604: Buckets. Interviewer: Wha- what were they like? 604: Water bucket. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Well uh they was usually made out of cedar wood. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: with a brace band around 'em to hold 'em up ya know and then they had a handle. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: To carry Interviewer: What did you um milk into? 604: Uh well we had milk buckets. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: They was uh I call 'em tin. They was uh great big round bottom to 'em and then they {X} made a big bucket at the top. Interviewer: So a bucket could be something either made out of 604: Yeah Interviewer: metal {D: or wood} 604: Yeah either way. Interviewer: What um what would you use to carry carry food to the hogs in? 604: Well a bucket too. {NW} Interviewer: What would you call that? 604: Slop bucket. Interviewer: {NW} Okay. 604: {NW} Interviewer: And uh what sort of things cooking utensils do you have? 604: Pots and pans. Interviewer: mm-hmm What um what did people used to have when they'd cook on a #1 {X}? # 604: #2 Oh # They had iron pots. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about something that um 604: Ovens They had uh no ovens {X} baked {D:potaters} in Interviewer: uh-huh 604: And uh bread too I think but we never did have We never did use that. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: When I was a little girl they had uh uh home comfort ranges. And uh mother had uh raised turkeys and bought her one before I was ever borned I guess. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: And uh whenever you raised anything like that to get anything out of it you had to carry it down on the coast to sell it. You know she'd raise a big bunch of turkeys and then Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: They'd take a wagon, load 'em all and sell 'em. She took uh I mean {X} rode off one time and bought her {X} range. and um {X} I don't before I was born {X} So I was raised with a {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever see what what would you use nowadays um say if you were gonna fry eggs? 604: I I use frying pan or a skillet whatever will be able to call it Some folks calls 'em skillets and I call 'em frying pan. Interviewer: Oh I see. 604: {NW} Interviewer: And um what would people use to to um to heat up water to make tea? 604: kettle Interviewer: okay. Did you ever use the word kettle talking about um the big thing you use for um boiling clothes in? 604: Wash {D:pile/pot} Interviewer: Wash pot? You've never called that a kettle? 604: {NW} Some folks might have. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: We always just said wash pot. Interviewer: uh-huh What would you call that thing that you use to um hit the the coals with? to to beat the coals with? 604: {NW} A battling block. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: with a battling stick. Interviewer: Oh I see. 604: but I never did use one then. but I know the older ones did. Interviewer: uh-huh What um suppose you you went up and cut some flowers and wanted to put 'em in the house you might put 'em in a? 604: Vase. Interviewer: okay and um say you set the table you'd give everyone a plate and then you'd give everyone a? 604: Knife and fork and spoon. Interviewer: okay and you say um if you serve a steak and it wasn't very tender you might have to put out steak? 604: Knives. Interviewer: Okay and um {NS} 604: See a set 'em right over there. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah. # 604: {NW} Interviewer: Say um after she washes the dishes then she what them in clear water? 604: Scald 'em I called it. Interviewer: okay or or another word? She just takes clear water and? 604: {X} {X} Interviewer: okay and what do you call the the cloth or wet rag that you use when you're washing dishes? 604: A dish #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 okay # 604: and a dry cloth. Interviewer: and uh what about the the little cloth or rag you use to bathe your face with? {NS} 604: Washcloth. Interviewer: mm-kay #1 and um # 604: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: to dry yourself off with? 604: Towel. Interviewer: And um say you went want to turn on the water at the sink you'd you'd turn on the? 604: hot one? Interviewer: yeah but the thing you turn. 604: Oh you mean to spray the dishes? Interviewer: No just just the 604: Oh the faucet. Interviewer: okay 604: {NW} Interviewer: What about something like that that's outside that maybe you could hook your hose up to? 604: uh-huh Two or three hydrants out there. Interviewer: uh-huh you call that a hydrant? 604: uh-huh Interviewer: and um {NS} Do you remember {NS} say if men would would work out in field and people'd bring water out to 'em in a wagon of something and and it the water would be in this this big container um what the the thing that you'd you'd turn to get the water out on that that container. What you call that? 604: I guess that's faucet. Interviewer: okay and do do you remember? 604: Well no we never had nothing like that. {NS} {NW} We'd just take a {NS} uh jug or a {NS} jar or something like that ya know Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: carrying water to the field wasn't no big bunch to carry it to you it was just a Interviewer: yes {NS} 604: If we was a several of 'em we'd just carry a bucket. Interviewer: Did how much land did you have? Did you have a 604: My daddy had a hundred sixty acres. Interviewer: Pretty good size. 604: mm-hmm Lot of it was in town {X} uh {NS} creek across it and some spring branches and things Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Now I don't know just how many acres he had in farm. {NS} Interviewer: You mentioned um creek and branch and so forth 604: uh-huh Interviewer: Could you explain to me what the 604: Creek is? Interviewer: Yeah what 604: uh ya know um you cross one right up there a little branch Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Well now that's what I call a branch. It's just a small stream. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and a creek is a little bigger. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: just the other side uh uh the little grocery store up there Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: it {X} now that's a creek. We call it {X} {X} creek. and then when it gets on down here where all these streams comes together it's a river. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and the river's right down there. Interviewer: There anything else besides the creek and branch of the river? 604: Spring. There's some springs along here. Interviewer: What's the spring? 604: That's where water comes up out of the ground and Interviewer: Oh I see. 604: and comes Winter and Summer it don't never dry out no matter how dry the weather gets. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: Springs {X}. Interviewer: What um what would you call a a stream that that drys up when it's and it hadn't been 604: I just call it a branch. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: like {D: tween} right down the hill there. Now that runs water during all the Winter months here but sometimes in the Summer we have a dry spell and it dries up. Interviewer: Oh I see. 604: And that's just the old branch down there Interviewer: um 604: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 What is the # the names of some of the the streams in this area? 604: Well this is Little River. #1 and # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 604: back across over on that side of the river is oh what we call a {X} No {X} {X} That's {X}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: {X} {X}. and um {X} uh {X} {X} little bay and uh the spring branches all come through to this one stream and that makes a river. Interviewer: What what river? 604: Little River. Interviewer: {X} 604: Uh they called it Upper Little River. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Then there one on the towards Columbia called Lower Little River. Ya know where the streams all comes together. Interviewer: uh-huh 604: goes on ya {NS} {X} into {D:Pearl} River and {D:Pearl} River goes into New Orleans down there. Interviewer: Down to the #1 Gulf? # 604: #2 yeah # uh-huh at the Gulf it uh that's Slidell It starts in down there they call it Lake {X}. {NS} Lake {NS} {NW} Interviewer: What did you use to buy flour in? 604: {D:barrels} Interviewer: mm-kay What about um if you didn't buy that that much flour say if you bought 604: Yeah they always sell 'em in sacks. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: You could buy it in sacks. Interviewer: And um what um so well say now that if you went to the store and bought some apples or something the grocer would probably put it in a? 604: Paper bag. Interviewer: okay. 604: {NW} That's about all ya get in the grocery store. Interviewer: Yeah 604: It's in paper ba- {NS} {NS} Interviewer: What did what did feed used to come in? 604: The feed? Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Like we buying cow feed #1 or # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 604: It was in sacks. Interviewer: Wha- what kind of sacks? 604: Um Well some folks calls 'em croaker sacks. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: I tell ya that's what they call 'em. Interviewer: What about the thing that potatoes were shipped in? What was that called? 604: Crates. Interviewer: Any sort or sack or bag? 604: Hampers? Crates is I to ship 'em #1 ya know? # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 604: Is what they called 'em {NS} I guess they sent 'em in sacks too they did {X} croaker sacks #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 604: sacks Interviewer: {D:pee} 604: Feed Interviewer: feed sacks. um say if you wanted to to pour something from a big container into something with a narrow mouth like a coke bottle you'd pour it in through a? 604: Well {X} to strain it or if ya wanna just put it through a little funnel. Interviewer: mm-hmm and um {NS} say if you were driving horses and wanted to go faster you might hit 'em with a? 604: {X}. Interviewer: okay 604: {NW} Interviewer: What else? 604: little {X}. Interviewer: uh-huh um What if if you were in a buggy? What would you have? 604: You mean a switch or? something like that. Interviewer: Something 604: A buggy whip. Interviewer: okay 604: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 A switch # is different from a whip or? 604: uh-huh a switch is something you break off of a tree Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: or a branch and uh uh buggy switches they make 'em subtle. Interviewer: yeah and um suppose you want to um {NS} to carry corn to the mill to be ground you might carry well you might carry one or two bushels or ya know whatever the amount but would you have a way of referring to that? You say you are going to take a something of of corn to the mill? 604: A bushel of corn. Interviewer: okay um say if you didn't know that it was a bushel you didn't know how much it was or would you have an expression just do you ever say 604: Just taking the {D:meal} and the corn I guess what you say. Interviewer: a {X}? 604: A {X}. Interviewer: {D:milling}? 604: uh-huh {NS} Interviewer: What {NS} was 604: It wouldn't it wouldn't matter if it was two bushel or one bushel or half a bushel or a {D:peck}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: A {D:milling} of corn. Interviewer: Do you ever hear a turn of corn? 604: A what? Interviewer: turn. 604: Oh yeah. uh that's all you can carry {NW} {NW} It's a turn. Interviewer: uh-huh So that's a a pretty big amount? 604: Uh-huh that's well that's some folks can take a big turn and some can can't pick up much ya know can't carry it It's a turn. Interviewer: You carry it in your arms? 604: Uh-huh or on your shoulder Interviewer: Oh I see. um What would you call the amount of wood that you could carry? all the wood you could carry 604: A load. Interviewer: Okay. of you might say an arm? 604: Uh-huh arm load. Interviewer: uh-huh Would you ever call that a turn of wood? 604: uh-huh #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 604: yeah Interviewer: How else would you use that word turn? 604: Oh {NS} It's a turn anything you could pick up just about it. Interviewer: mm-hmm {NS} And suppose someone had a wagon that didn't have a full load of wood you'd say that that the wagon the person just had a 604: Part of a load. Interviewer: Uh-huh. Would you ever say a change or a jag of wood? 604: I have never heard it like that. Interviewer: And say if if the lamp on the porch wasn't burning you might say you had to screw in a new? 604: {X} Interviewer: Okay. and you carry the the clothes out to hang on the line you carry them out in a? 604: Basket. Interviewer: and um something that nails use to come in? like a barrel only smaller. {NS} 604: {X}. Interviewer: huh? 604: To carry clothes in? Interviewer: No no that nails used to come in . 604: Oh nails, {D: tags}. Interviewer: Okay. 604: {NW} Interviewer: And um thought about a barrel what was what'd you call those those things that run around the barrel to hold the wood in place? 604: {D:hutch}. Interviewer: Mm-kay. and um say if you opened up a bottle and did didn't wanna the liquid to spill out you wanted to shut it back up again you'd you'd stick in a? 604: Cork. Interviewer: Okay. Um do you ever see no when you talk about a cork is is there What would you call something like made with glass? Would that be a cork too? 604: It'd just be a stopper. Interviewer: Okay. 604: {NW} Interviewer: So a cork is {NS} #1 {X} # 604: #2 is a stopper. # Interviewer: uh-huh. and um this is a musical instrument that you'd play like this 604: harp. Interviewer: okay any other name for that? 604: Well there are French harps and uh Jewish harps and Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: uh what all kind of harps Interviewer: What does harp mean then? just something that you 604: uh huh, Blow. You blow it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: to make music. Interviewer: Oh I see. and um the thing that you use to pound nails with would be a? 604: Hammer. Interviewer: And if you had a horse and two wagons and you if you have a wagon and two horses #1 {NW} # 604: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What do you call the long wooden piece that comes down #1 to a # 604: #2 the tongue. # #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 604: {NW} Interviewer: And um if you have a horse pulling a buggy then what do you have? 604: {X}. Interviewer: Mm-kay. And um what what are the is the thing that that the traces are hooked onto? 604: um um hmm Interviewer: You know what I mean? That that bar of wood that 604: I know what I know what it is. I just can't think right now. Hadn't thought of such things {D: a long {X}}. Interviewer: Something tree. Is that something? 604: Uh-huh. {NS} Singletree. Interviewer: okay. What if you have um {NS} two horses? {NS} What would the singletrees be hooked on? {NS} 604: A doubletree.{NS} Interviewer: Okay. {NS} And um tell me about the the parts of the wheel {NS} starting with the inside you'd have the {X} 604: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Then the spokes would come out and they'd fit into the {NS} what? 604: The {NS} {NS} The rim of fits into the rim and then they got that steel band around 'em. Interviewer: Mm-hmm. And um what are the what goes then across the what are the the wheels fit onto? 604: Axel. Interviewer: Mm-kay. and suppose you were going to um chop a log or saw some wood you might use a a frame to to put the wood in it could either be an X shape frame like that you know and you just lay the the log in down there. 604: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: Or it could be a did you ever see one like that? 604: Mm-hmm. Interviewer: What was that called? 604: {NW} I don't know what to call it but I've seen 'em put it up there and uh and saw the wood off at the #1 ends ya know? # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 604: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # Did you ever see something like that and you'd A shaped and you'd take two of 604: Oh yeah that's um What you call it a horse? Interviewer: Mm-hmm and um {NS} You say you straighten your hair using a comb and a? What? {X} If your hair was messed up you'd you'd use a comb and a 604: And a brush. Interviewer: Okay. If you were gonna use {NS} one of these you say you are going to? 604: Comb ya hair. Interviewer: Or {NS} 604: Brush ya hair. Interviewer: Okay. And you'd What would you sharpen a straight razor on? 604: A {X} they call 'em. It's a little old um some kinda stone. Interviewer: Mm-hmm What about something made out of leather? 604: Out of leather? Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Razor strap. {NS} Interviewer: And what would you put in a pistol? 604: Bullets. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 604: Shelled Interviewer: uh-huh. Any- anything else you say? 604: {X} Interviewer: Say maybe um say the shotgun you had shells and in a rifle you'd have 604: {D:cartridges} Interviewer: Okay. Did you ever um what sort of things did did you play on when you were a child? things maybe that 604: {X} and riding horses {NW} Interviewer: what's 604: and sticks and broomsticks and #1 things like # Interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 604: that when we was little{NS} Interviewer: what's a um riding rid- what's that you mentioned riding horse? 604: Riding horse. Interviewer: What was that? 604: It's uh {NS} piece of material laying a {NS} across here and {NS} {X} {NS} over here and it comes across that Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and you'd {NS} go down over here this one comes up and {NS} this one goes down {X}. Interviewer: Oh I see. {NS} What if you saw some children playing on that what would you say they were doing? 604: Just riding horses. Playing riding horses. Interviewer: Okay. 604: {NW} Interviewer: and 604: Did you ever see a flying {X}? Interviewer: I am not sure. What does it look like? 604: It's um {NS} uh got a whole board in it and piece of mate- um {NS} timber Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: and uh {D:hue} off the stump you cut off the tree or stump and then you {D:hue} that off to a place just big enough to fit this hole it's #1 in # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 604: {NS} piece of timber put this timber over that hole and one gets on this side one on that side and around and around flying {X}. Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} Did you ever see {NS} um {NS} anything you take a a board and fix it down at both ends and children would jump on it? or bounce on it? 604: Uh springboard. Interviewer: What what's that like? Is that fixed down at both ends or just 604: #1 No # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 604: one end. {NW} They have springboards ya know at uh {D:swimming holes}. Interviewer: mm-hmm but do do 604: They run out {NS} there and {NS} up and down on little bit throws 'em way out. Interviewer: Did you ever see anything though that was was fixed down at both ends children would jump on? joggling board or bouncing board or jump board or? 604: I reckon I seen jump boards I guess {NS} call it {NS} jump up on this and then {NS} over here on that. #1 Is that what your talking # Interviewer: #2 How how is it # How is that built? 604: It it it had it's not it's just laid across this {NS} {D:material}. Interviewer: It's sort of like the riding horse now? 604: It's kinda like {NS} the riding horse but the riding horse got a hole in it here ya know. flying {X} I call it. {X} Interviewer: uh-huh {NS} 604: Then uh Interviewer: I see. {NS} Or you might take a a tree limb and tie a long rope to it and #1 put a seat. # 604: #2 Make a swing. # Interviewer: Okay. and uh what did you use to carry coal in? 604: {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm You never had coal? What um say you want to to move some bricks or something heavy like that you might put them in something that's got a little wheel on one end and 604: Wheelbarrow. Interviewer: Okay. and um What would you use to sharpen tools on? 604: Uh grind rock. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about something smaller than that? That you would hold in your hand? 604: Uh {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm any- anything else? Did you ever hear wet? 604: Wet rocks? Interviewer: Uh-huh. 604: Yeah. Wet rocks you usually sharpen knives and things on. {NS} Interviewer: and um say something was squeaking to lubricate it you'd say you'd have to 604: Well it'd uh grease it. Interviewer: Okay. You said yesterday I {X} 604: Uh-huh yesterday I greased it. Interviewer: okay. and if grease got all over your hand you'd say your hands were all? {NS} 604: had uh {NS} Interviewer: My hands are all? what? 604: Messed up. Interviewer: Okay. #1 You got me. # 604: #2 {X} # Interviewer: grease on 'em #1 then you'd say # 604: #2 yeah # Interviewer: your hands were all? {X} 604: Greasy. Interviewer: Okay. and um what's those things that you use to burn in lamps? 604: {X} Interviewer: Did you ever see a a lamp that that was made? A homemade lamp? 604: Uh-huh. Interviewer: what what was that like? {NS} 604: Well uh I don't know is I ever seen a homemade lamp but I seen when you used to use torches. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: splinters and make a light with 'em build it up on something ya know and have a light. Interviewer: What's a torch? 604: It's {D:fat splinters}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 604: Full a tar ya know. and they'll burn make a pretty light. Interviewer: Did you ever see anyone take a rag and a bottle {D:'til} this coal or grease or something like that 604: You make a light. Interviewer: Uh-huh. 604: {X} Interviewer: And um inside the tire of the car you have the inner? 604: {X} Interviewer: okay. 604: {NW} Interviewer: and um if someone had had just built a boat and they were gonna put it in the water for the time you'd say that they were going to? 604: Uh see if they seal it off good. Interviewer: uh-huh. Or they're gonna put it in the water you say they're going to? what the boat? 604: Come ride in it or whatcha mean? Interviewer: {X} wondering if {X} launch 604: Oh yeah. {NS} launch your boat off. Interviewer: uh-huh.