Interviewer: In case that didn't get on the other side of the tape would you repeat the term again? 657X: In uh New Orleans in the old town New Orleans we referred to them as {C: speaking French}. B-A-N-Q-U-E-T-T-E. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Because we had a very unusual name for city blocks in French the blocks are referred to as {C: speaking French} I-S-L-E-T which means a small island. An island that has all of our blocks were surrounded by {X} with crossings at simple places. In other words each each uh block was a little #1 island itself. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm mm-hmm # 657X: and the {C: speaking French} was the bank. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Or the Interviewer: I see 657X: or the uh wa- waterway surrounded the blocks. And I loved the new use of the word {D: banking} much better than sidewalk. Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 What do you # 657X: #2 It's a # pity they don't use it #1 anymore. # Interviewer: #2 Yes. # What do you call the strip of grass between the banquette and the street? 657X: The um the lawn. Interviewer: Okay. Uh if you knock on someone's door and there was no answer you'd say he's not? 657X: Not home. Interviewer: Okay. Um then what are how do people drink coffee around here? 657X: Now that's a th- that's a source of great deal of contention. Interviewer: K. 657X: We drink our coffee with milk or we drink it black. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And there are many different ways of making coffee. I still make it the way my grandmother made it maybe a hundred years ago. I drip my coffee drop by drop and I use pure coffee. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And uh they tell you that uh that coffee with chicory is a Creole custom that's a lot of {X}. Interviewer: mm 657X: My my two grandmothers {X} heresy. Interviewer: mm 657X: T- talk about having uh chicory Interviewer: mm 657X: in the coffee. And I still make coffee that's strong enough just pure coffee. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: I wouldn't think of getting chicory because I was sure both grandmothers would would haunt me. Interviewer: {NW} 657X: {NW} Interviewer: Alright. These are uh some expressions if someone is not going away from you you'd say he's coming straight? 657X: He's coming right right up to me. Interviewer: Or he's not going away from you he's coming? Toward? 657X: He's coming toward me. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if you stop somebody you haven't seen in a long time and then were telling me about it you'd say this morning I just happened to run? 657X: Run into. Interviewer: And if you're giving a child the same name as her mother you'd say you named her? 657X: They named her after mama. Interviewer: Okay. I've got some animals the ki- the animal that barks is a? 657X: A dog. Interviewer: What would you say to make a dog attack? 657X: Yo- well you'd uh you'd we use uh to say sic 'em. Interviewer: mm-hmm What would you uh call a mixed breed dog? 657X: A {C: speaking French} Interviewer: You know how to spell that? 657X: I would say K-Y-O-O-D-L-E. {NW} Interviewer: Interesting question about the spelling of that #1 word. # 657X: #2 Or # #1 D-E-L one of the two. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # Did you ever hear of a feist dog? 657X: Yes I've heard talk a- a- a a feist that's a a little dog. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-kay um What do you call the male in a herd of cattle? 657X: The bull. Interviewer: Did you ever hear it say that that was not polite to use around women? 657X: No. Interviewer: In some parts of the country they wouldn't say bull 657X: Is that right? Interviewer: That's right. 657X: What they call the boy cow? #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 They said they have a male cow. # 657X: The male cow. Interviewer: #1 The big # 657X: #2 No we've # always do. Because in French we had a very definite word for it. A bull is a {C: speaking French}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And a cow is a {C: speaking French}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And uh we always used the word uh bull. Interviewer: mm-hmm What do you call the baby? 657X: A calf. Interviewer: Do you know the names for male and female calves? 657X: Well uh there's the {X}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And and the and the calf. Interviewer: Is calf a female? 657X: I think calf is female. Interviewer: Alright. If a cow was about was going to have a calf you'd say she's going to what? 657X: She's going {X}. Interviewer: mm {X} Okay. Uh what do you call the animal that has long ears that was used in plowing? 657X: Mules. Interviewer: If you had were working with two of those what would you call that? 657X: A team of team of mule Interviewer: Alright uh-huh what do you call a male horse? 657X: um {D: I don't know I don't} {X} I know I know a mare. {NW} Interviewer: Female horse. 657X: That's a female #1 horse. # Interviewer: #2 Yes okay. # um 657X: And a colt is a is a young Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: male horse. Interviewer: If you couldn't stay on the horse you'd say I fell? 657X: I fell off. Interviewer: And if a child was in bed and then woke up on the floor you'd say he fell? 657X: He rolled off the bed. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what are the things you put on a horse's feet to protect them? 657X: Shoes. Interviewer: What do you call the horse's foot? 657X: The uh the hoof. Interviewer: mm-hmm And you'd say he has four? 657X: Four hooves. Interviewer: mm-hmm And uh the thing that you play with the shoes would be called? 657X: Horseshoes. Interviewer: What do you call a male sheep? 657X: A yew. Interviewer: A female? 657X: No a female ram ram the the yew is a female. Interviewer: Okay. 657X: The ram. Interviewer: And what do you raise them for what do they have on their backs? 657X: For the wool? Interviewer: mm-hmm What is a male hog? 657X: Boar. Interviewer: What would you call one that had grown up wild? 657X: A wild boar. Interviewer: Uh what would you call a male hog that would had been castrated? 657X: I don't know I {X}. Interviewer: Probably only on the farm that they #1 know that. # 657X: #2 Yes. # Interviewer: Do you know a name for a female? 657X: mm A sow. Interviewer: How about a young one? 657X: um {X} Interviewer: Okay. Is that when it's first born? 657X: When it's just a young {X} piglets. Interviewer: Okay. mm-hmm um What are the stiff hairs on the hog's back? 657X: Bristles. Interviewer: And the thing that uh that that long teeth or? 657X: Tusks? Interviewer: And you would feed them while they're? 657X: In a trough. Interviewer: Uh if you had a pig and didn't want him to be able to breed what would you say that you would do to him? 657X: Castrate him. Interviewer: Any other term for that? 657X: No. Interviewer: mm-kay 657X: Nothing polite. {NW} Interviewer: Well um the whole thing isn't very polite to begin with. 657X: {NW} Interviewer: Uh these are some animal noises and calls and if you don't know just #1 say so would you # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer2: say that a calf Interviewer: does? 657X: {NW} Bawls. Interviewer: Okay how about a cow? 657X: She bawls too. #1 but louder # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # Um a horse? 657X: Neighs. Interviewer: If you had some horses and #1 {D: hens} and cows # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: that were hungry you'd say I'm going to feed the? 657X: Feed the animals. Interviewer: Alright suppose you had some chickens and turkeys and geese you're going to feed the? 657X: Feed the chickens. Interviewer: Does that mean turkeys #1 too? # 657X: #2 A- # anything that's out in the barnyard. Interviewer: Alright. Uh what do you call the little bone that children break? 657X: Wishbone. Interviewer: Would you ever call that a {X}? 657X: Never heard that. Interviewer: Okay. {NS} Uh what do you call the inside parts of the chicken or calf that you eat? 657X: Well there's the there's the chicken there's a gizzard there's the um the um in a calf you have the liver the the uh kidney. Some people raise their nose when you talk about kidneys too, but I love it. Interviewer: mm 657X: And uh the um well there's brain and the um um what you think I'm {X} the sweet breads. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: {D: very sharp} Interviewer: Well in a pig there's something there's a part that some people eat. I think it's the intestine. 657X: Oh yes it is. Interviewer: Yes did you ever eat those? 657X: Yeah. Interviewer: Are they good I never #1 had any # 657X: #2 They're good. # They're very good they have to be they have to be cooked just right. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: They're u- u- uh they c- cook them to a crisp and they they can be very good. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm If it's time to feed the stock and do the chores you'd say it's what time? 657X: Well I I don't know because I've never been Interviewer: right 657X: farm a farm. Interviewer: Do you know how to call cows? 657X: No. Interviewer: Okay. {X} 657X: No. Interviewer: Do you know what to say to a horse to make it turn left and #1 right? # 657X: #2 Yes. # Yeah that's gee and haw. Interviewer: Which is left and which is? 657X: Uh that's {X} I haven't driven a horse in in ages. I used to go with my father when he went up the river in a buggy. Interviewer: mm-hmm Do you know what to say to get a horse to come in from the pasture? 657X: {NS} Interviewer: How about to make a horse start moving or go faster? 657X: giddy-up Interviewer: And to make him stop? 657X: Pull the reins {D: I don't know}. Interviewer: Okay. uh 657X: Whoa. Interviewer: Do you know how to call pigs? 657X: No. Interviewer: Or sheep? 657X: {NW} Interviewer: How about chickens? 657X: {X} make noises. Interviewer: What kind of noises? 657X: {NW} Interviewer: mm-hmm And if you wanted to get the horses ready to go somewhere what is all the stuff you put on the horse? 657X: Put on a harness. Interviewer: mm-hmm When you're driving a horse what do you hold in your hands? 657X: The bridles. Interviewer: And if you're riding what do you hold? 657X: Well um the bridles is when you're riding the reins are when you {X} the way. Interviewer: Okay and what do you put your feet in in the saddle? 657X: The stirrups. Interviewer: Do you know what you'd call the horse that it walks on the left if you were plowing with two? 657X: No. Interviewer: mm-kay If something's not right in your hands you'd say it's just a little? 657X: Little off a little. Interviewer: That's good enough i- if it if it were not just a little ways and was still quite a distance you'd say we still have a what to go? 657X: Have a way to go. Interviewer: Alright. If something's very common and you don't have to look for it you'd say you could find that just about? 657X: Anywhere. Interviewer: Alright. If you slipped and fell that way you fell? 657X: Down back. Interviewer: And that way? 657X: Forward. Interviewer: Okay. If you uh went fishing and had no luck I said did you catch any fish you'd say no {D: blank a one}. 657X: No, not a damn once. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Alright. # What do you call the trenches cut by a plow? 657X: The uh the rows. Interviewer: Alright mm-hmm and if you had a good field you'd say we raised a big? 657X: Big crop. Interviewer: And to get rid of all the brush and trees you were doing what? 657X: Clear the land. Interviewer: If you uh cut the crop once and it enough grew back to cut it again what would you call that? 657X: Second cutting. Interviewer: Okay uh what would you call the grass that was left over? 657X: Now that I don't know. Interviewer: Alright. Um if um you a crop came up that you had not planted that year what's that? 657X: That's a volunteer. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm Uh wheat would be tied up into a? 657X: Into a sheaf. Interviewer: And you pile sheafs into a? 657X: Into a stack I don't- I don't Interviewer: Okay uh-uh and um Measure we raise forty what of wheat to an acre? 657X: Forty bushels. Interviewer: mm-hmm What do you do to oats to separate the grain from the shaft? 657X: You uh you y- you {X} it you uh I- I- I've seen pictures but I don't know exactly what. Interviewer: You know the term flash or #1 thread? # 657X: #2 Flash # yeah. Interviewer: Alright uh. 657X: Honestly I hadn't associated that with with oats I associated that with with wheat. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm If uh several people had been to see you and they were leaving you might say well I hope? 657X: I hope you'll come again. Interviewer: Would you ever say you all? 657X: Oh yeah. Interviewer: How would you use that? 657X: Well I'm I'm glad you all came. Interviewer: mm-hmm Would you ever say you all to one person? 657X: No. I don't anyhow. Interviewer: mm-kay um You might say if no one else will look out for them they've got to look out for? 657X: Themselves. Interviewer: And if no one will do it for him he's got to do it? 657X: For himself. Interviewer: Okay. uh If I were talking about some kinds of food what is made of flour and baked in a loaf? 657X: Bread. Interviewer: What some types of bread made from flour? 657X: Well there is um there is a french bread there's a a a b- b- br- bread that uh comes in in square sort of square little rectangular loaves. There's uh there used to be a great deal of difference in loaves. There was a French loaf which was one kind of of bread {NW} but uh it's just a loaves I would would say according to the type of bread. Interviewer: Do you make any bread out of cornmeal? 657X: No. Cornmeal is not looked upon as being bread. It's uh it's used for muffins and uh corn sticks #1 and {X}. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # Did you ever hear of a corn dog {X}? 657X: Yeah. Interviewer: What's that? 657X: But I don't know #1 {D: what it is} # Interviewer: #2 Oh # okay. um Bread that you made at home what would you call that? 657X: Homemade bread. Interviewer: And suppose you bought it in the store it would be? 657X: Well it would be just a loaf of bread. Interviewer: Okay. And what is the kind of pasty that's fried usually round with a hole in the center? 657X: Donuts. Interviewer: Now I think in New Orleans they have 657X: #1 square ones? # 657X: #2 Square ones. # Yes. Interviewer: What do they call it? 657X: Th- those are really uh not exactly donuts. we call those beignets. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm And if you make up a batter and five three or four things on a griddle and eat them with syrup that's? 657X: Uh hotcakes. Interviewer: mm-hmm uh What would you put in bread to make it rise? 657X: Yeast. Interviewer: K and what um if you went to the store this is a weight to buy it you buy two what of flour? 657X: It was {NW} i- it uh two packs. Interviewer: Well weight. 657X: Oh. Well two two pounds. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um the inside part of the egg is called? 657X: The yolk. Interviewer: And the color is? The color of the yolk is? 657X: It's the the color of the yolk is yellow. Interviewer: mm-hmm If you cook eggs in hot water what are they? 657X: Hard boiled. Interviewer: Suppose if you cracked the egg and let it fall into the water? 657X: That's supposed to be poached I s- I think but I never did it. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 It is. # Yes. Uh what do you call salt or sugar cured meat that you might boil with greens? 657X: Um. That would be u- uh sometimes pickled meat. sometimes salt meat. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: But the salt meat is usually uh scalded so as to get the heavy salt taste out of it. Interviewer: If you cut the side of a hog what would you call that meat? 657X: Side meat I don't. Interviewer: Alright that's fine. What would you call meat that you bought unsliced and then later on you'd slash it and fry it with eggs? 657X: That would be uh the yeah that would be uh slicing. That would be a a st- steak {D: rare and vetted} steak. Interviewer: What do you call the meat that's already sliced and that you fry with eggs in breakfast? 657X: We buy it as a round as a as a round steak and then cut it up into pieces and fry it with a with a vat of eggs and dip it in in uh bread crumbs and then fry it. Interviewer: What would what do you call that? 657X: We call those {C: speaking French} #1 in in New Orleans. # Interviewer: #2 I don't know that word. # Interviewer2: #1 {D: Is that is that beef or pork}? # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 657X: No that would be that would be the beef or veal. Interviewer2: Oh okay. Interviewer: {C: speaking French} is a is a French word strictly. It's a piece of meat that would be say about this big. mm 657X: You dip it in the the the beaten egg. Interviewer: mm-hmm And then pass it in bread crumbs and then fry it. mm-hmm 657X: And then the {C: speaking French) also {X} with gravy. Which are about the same size they sear it first and then they They cook in a in a brown gravy or a tomato gravy whichever Interviewer: mm 657X: people prefer. And that's served with grits #1 was a # Interviewer: #2 mm # 657X: was a very standard breakfast amongst the creoles. Interviewer: {D: Say} that sounds good how do you spell {C: speaking French}? 657X: G-R-I-L-L-A-D-E Interviewer: Okay I'll. 657X: S for the plural. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh well to get back to this I was talk about something from pork although I'm glad they had that. 657X: Pork chops. Interviewer: What's something you eat for breakfast very commonly today. It's strips of? 657X: Bacon? Interviewer: Yes mm-hmm 657X: Oh yes. Interviewer: Too obvious. #1 What might you call the # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: the outside the outside of the the bacon is 657X: Ba- bacon rind. Interviewer: mm-hmm What is the kind of meat that comes in little links on a chain? 657X: Sausage. Interviewer: And the man who cuts up the meat in the store? 657X: Is the butcher. Interviewer: Alright. And if meat has been kept too long you'd say it's done what? 657X: It spoils. Interviewer: What about butter that's kept too long? 657X: Butter gets rancid. Interviewer: mm-hmm What would you make from the meat from the head of the hog? 657X: A hogshead cheese. Interviewer: mm-hmm How about a dish? 657X: I think you call it souse. Interviewer: Yes. #1 {D: that's good enough} # 657X: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Oh okay 657X: {NW} Interviewer: I don't eat it so I don't #1 know. # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What is a dish made from cooking and grinding up all the liver? 657X: Oh that's a a a sausage. That's uh we call that now I don't think it's made with liver though. No I don't I wouldn't know what that is. Interviewer: What were you about to say? 657X: I was going to tell you about the sausage that they make but it's mostly blood #1 sausage. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 657X: It's called in French {C: speaking French}. Interviewer: mm-hmm Okay that was my next question {X}. Uh did you ever hear a {X} let's skip this question cuz you haven't. Uh thick sour milk that you keep on hand would be called? 657X: {X} Interviewer: Okay. And what kind of cheese would you make from that? 657X: Cream cheese. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if you had just milked a cow in order to get the impurities out of the milk what might you do first? 657X: That I don't #1 know. # Interviewer: #2 Well you # might pour it through a still. 657X: Through a sill. Interviewer: To do what to it? 657X: I I don't know. Interviewer: What if a woman was cooking vegetables she might pour it into a column to to do what? 657X: To strain it. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um what would be baked in a deep dish made of some sort of fruit layers of fruit and crust 657X: That would be a {NW} that would be a form a pie. Interviewer: mm-hmm Alright. Do you know the word cobbler? 657X: Yes. Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 657X: A little different. The cobbler is uh generally more juicy than a p- than a pie and {NW} would never the pie is uh served in a in a round pan but you'd make a cobbler in a large pan and serve it in #1 pieces. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # What would you call a sweet liquid that you pour over a cake or pie? 657X: Uh syrup. Interviewer: Alright. mm-hmm And what is food taken between regular meals? 657X: Snacks. Interviewer: Uh if you're running uh some water what would you drink it out of? 657X: A glass. Interviewer: K if the people were all standing around the dinner table and you wanted them to be seated what would you say to them? 657X: Would you sit down? Interviewer: mm-hmm And if you wanted them not to wait until the potatoes were passed what would you say? Go ahead and? 657X: G- uh go ahead and help yourselves. Interviewer: mm-hmm If you decided you didn't want to eat something what um would you say? 657X: Uh thank you I don't care for that or I can't eat that I'd find some excuse. Interviewer: mm-hmm If um you had too much to eat on Sunday and then you warmed it up again on Monday what would you #1 say you had? # 657X: #2 Leftovers. # Interviewer: Yes. You put the food in your mouth and then you? 657X: Chew. Interviewer: And then after you chew it you would? 657X: Swallow. Interviewer: Okay. Uh do you make anything out of boiled cornmeal boiled in salt and water? 657X: No. Interviewer: I'm thinking of mush are you familiar with? 657X: Yes I've heard of it but I've never. Interviewer: Alright. Do you have anything called a type of food called cush or cush cush is a different way of saying cush 657X: um No. I I uh I do I've heard it's talked of but uh I don't uh Interviewer: mm-hmm What would you call peas and beats and beans and all those things together? 657X: Th- that would be um {X} Cuz I didn't I don't like it Interviewer: #1 Well I don't mean # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: cooked together I mean just #1 what's the general # 657X: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: word for all that kind of thing? 657X: Oh um vegetables. Interviewer: Yeah and vegetables would grow in a? 657X: In a garden. Interviewer: mm-hmm um The grain that is grown in Louisiana and Arkansas is the white grain? 657X: Corn? Interviewer: That the Chinese eat. 657X: Rice. Interviewer: #1 Yes mm # 657X: #2 Oh. # Interviewer: Uh what #1 would you # 657X: #2 They never # had that in Arkansas. #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 {X} # What type do you call corn in whiskey? It's illegal. 657X: That's uh um that's um I'll tell you what they call it around here sometimes rotgut. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: {NW} Interviewer: I said it's is it bad? 657X: It's bad. Interviewer: #1 Suppose # 657X: #2 Otherwise # otherwise it's moonshine. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what would you may call homemade beer? 657X: {D: home growth} Interviewer: mm-hmm And what would you make out of sugarcane? 657X: A rum. Interviewer: Well I'm not necessarily alcohol but. 657X: Oh. Interviewer: Just to use to pour on something. 657X: Well uh that would be syrup. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um anything else? 657X: Well there's also uh maple syrup #1 uh but uh # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # We're out of {X} cane. 657X: Out of sorghum cane but sorghum doesn't grow down here. Interviewer: mm 657X: {NW} this is cane country. Interviewer: Do you call anything molasses? 657X: Molasses is what comes in big barrels {D: at least} and use uh use more in commercial. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm 657X: But uh you'd have to when um at the um the grinding season you get molasses and uh it's used in homes. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh the opposite of imitation you'd say it's? 657X: Genuine. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh if something was bought in a large quanta you can say it's sold in? 657X: Wholesale. Interviewer: #1 Or? # 657X: #2 In # in bulk. Interviewer: mm-hmm What would you call a sweet spread that's put on toast? 657X: Jam. Interviewer: Or? 657X: Or jelly. Interviewer: mm-hmm And then you'd season your food with? 657X: Salt and pepper. Interviewer: And if there were a bowl of apples and a child wanted one he'd say? 657X: Give me an apple. Interviewer: mm-hmm And this is uh 657X: Or if he had been told not to say it to ask for things he would say mm I like apples. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yes. # Uh just some questions about fruits and vegetables the inside of a cherry is a? 657X: Is a pit. Interviewer: And the inside of a peach? 657X: Is a stone. Interviewer: mm-hmm What uh kinds of peaches are there there? The kind where the meat is tight to the seed? 657X: Well there's uh {D: cling} peaches and free stone. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh then what do you call the part of the apple that you throw away? 657X: The core. Interviewer: Do you have a term for little pieces of dried apples? 657X: I don't think. {NW} Interviewer: Then uh there's some kinds of nuts first of all the kind that Jimmy Carter is famous for? 657X: Peanuts. Interviewer: mm-hmm Do you know any other name for peanuts? 657X: Goobers. Interviewer: Anything else? 657X: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh then what are some other common nuts? 657X: Well we have here pecans walnuts uh and uh I'll tell you the uh the common name for the Brazil nuts they were used to be called nigger toes. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm I've heard that # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh then there's another kind of nut that starts with a A it's flat it's eye shaped? I don't think it grows here. There's a candy bar called something joy. 657X: I don't know what that is. Interviewer: Starts A-L. 657X: Oh almond. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Yeah. oh I should've known that I s- I saw enough almond groves in uh in Spain. {NW} Interviewer: I I didn't know where #1 they were from # 657X: #2 Yes. mm-hmm # Interviewer: Uh what is a kind the kind of fruit from Florida I suppose that you squeeze? 657X: The grapefruit. Interviewer: Or a smaller one. 657X: The orange. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh there's a little red vegetable that's peppery? 657X: Radish. Interviewer: And uh the big red vegetable is a? 657X: Beet. Interviewer: Um bigger than beet. 657X: Bigger than a beet #1 is # Interviewer: #2 {X} # Used in salads #1 or sliced. # 657X: #2 Yes that is # There's uh a red uh {X}. Interviewer: Well this is more this a a common vegetable used in salads. It's a mushy kind of vegetable. 657X: Tomatoes. Interviewer: Yes. 657X: {NW} Interviewer: Do you know the {D: known names for} the little ones? 657X: No. Interviewer: Okay. Uh then along with uh meat you might have a baked? 657X: They call them cherry to- tomatoes. Interviewer: mm-hmm With meat you might have a baked? 657X: A baked potato. Interviewer: What do you call the kind of potato that has orange meat or yellow? 657X: I don't know. Interviewer: Sweet potato? 657X: Oh sweet potato yes. Interviewer: Is that the same as a yam? 657X: Yes. Interviewer: Uh what is the kind of vegetable that makes tears come to your eyes when you cut it? 657X: Onions. Interviewer: What are the smaller ones called? 657X: They're shallots and uh green onions which are the with the stems. Interviewer: mm-hmm And 657X: They're the little onions that the use for pickling. Interviewer: Is that something different? 657X: They're still onions they don't {D: I don't think there's anything} I don't know of any name for them other than. Interviewer: Uh then the uh kind of vegetable that's long and green and used in gumbo. 657X: Okra. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh then let's see {X} cabbage. What's another kind of vegetable that comes in a head? 657X: Lettuce. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if you wanted to get beans out of the pod you'd say you would do what? 657X: You'd uh well you'd split them. Interviewer: mm-hmm And what i- what is the kind of bean that you have to take out of the pod? 657X: That's those are uh lima beans Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: and uh some green beans {X} the black eyed peas. Interviewer: What are the beans that you don't take out of the pods you just break up and cook the pod? 657X: Well that's just a green the um green beans. I don't know what the other name there is for them. Interviewer: {D: Do you go with snap beans?} 657X: Snap beans. Yes. Interviewer: mm-kay alright And then you uh if you cook the tops of turnips that would be? 657X: Turnip tops and uh well that uh {NW} that would be pot {D: dinner} Interviewer: mm-hmm {X} 657X: {D: do ya} Interviewer: Uh if you had a lot of children like fourteen you'd say you had a whole? 657X: A whole draft of kids. Interviewer: Okay. On the outside of an ear of corn what's that called? 657X: The uh corn shell. Interviewer: And what is what grows in the {D: top of} 657X: Husk. Interviewer: And the stringy stuff that has to be picked off? 657X: The uh I don't know, what I always called them {X}. Interviewer: Alright mm-hmm what do you call the kind of corn that's tender enough to eat off the cob? 657X: Um {D: I'm just just uh} eating corn out of a I don't know if there's any particular name. Interviewer: what is the big round orange thing that's used for jack-o-lanterns? 657X: Pumpkins. Interviewer: What's a yellow {D: crook necked} vegetable? 657X: Well we used to call that we always called that a pumpkin too but it's a {X}. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm What about a smaller one? 657X: Smaller ones are uh {NW} {NW} as a squash. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: A squash family that comes with a neck. Interviewer: mm-hmm What kinds of melons do you have here? 657X: We have uh cantaloupes watermelon that is one of the best melons that they've lost track of I don't see it anymore. We used to call it muskmelon. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: With the slices and uh they're some of these other melons that come from. That's where those uh honeydew melons. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: {D: And that's all.} Interviewer: What's the little umbrella s shaped thing that grows up in the woods? 657X: Mushroom. Interviewer: Do you have a name for the poison kind? 657X: No it's {X} poison mushroom. Interviewer: Alright mm-hmm and the things that people smoke are? 657X: Cigarettes or cigars. Interviewer: mm-hmm And what do you call the kind of bird that can see in the dark? 657X: An owl. Interviewer: Are there different varieties of those? 657X: Yes. There are uh there are th- the smaller {X} the large um um um owls that are birds of prey. Interviewer: mm-hmm How about a kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 657X: uh Woodpecker. Interviewer: Are there different types of those? 657X: I think they are. There's a red head woodpecker the ivory bill woodpecker and just the ordinary kind who gets up and drums on trees. Interviewer: Do you have the great big one? 657X: No so ours are rather small. {X} I guess this is about the largest. Interviewer: Did you ever see the very big one? 657X: No I not except in a in an exhibition of a stuffed bird. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm um What is the kind of animal that has a bad smell? 657X: Skunk. Interviewer: mm-hmm what would you call the ki- animals that would come and get your chickens? 657X: Uh well you have uh they would be the um I don't know. Weasels. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And uh there's there's another one that's probably more common than a weasel. I don't remember the- Interviewer: Do you have one general name for all kinds of pesty animals? 657X: No. Th- e- except that uh you refer to them as varmints. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm-hmm Uh what's the bushy tailed animal that lives in trees? 657X: Squirrel. Interviewer: Are there different kinds of squirrels here? 657X: Um yeah some gray Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 657X: #2 and red. # Interviewer: mm-hmm how about a little animal that looks a little like a squirrel ? But it doesn't have a bushy tail and it has a stripe down it's back and it runs on the ground and I don't think you have them here. 657X: That's a skunk. Interviewer: No. 657X: No oh a chipmunk. Interviewer: Yes. #1 uh-uh # 657X: #2 chipmunk yes # Interviewer: Are there any here? 657X: No they're more in the f- further North than here especially in the mountains in in the West they're just all over the place. Interviewer: mm What kinds of fish do you have here particularly? 657X: Well we have everything in the fish pond from trout to to uh red fish {X} mackerel Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: um mullets um white trout um. Well there're so many of the sea fish {X} {X} a heavy sea fish {X} the uh yellowtail {X} in the uh definitely um sword fish and sharks. Where all that Interviewer: #1 mm mm # 657X: #2 {D: in in the} # area of the gulf Interviewer: mm What other kinds of seafood are there? 657X: Oysters crabs shrimp. Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 What is # 657X: #2 and # Interviewer: the uh fresh water thing that looks a little like a lobster but it's small? 657X: Crawfish. Interviewer: Yes that's currently famous in #1 Louisiana. # 657X: #2 Yeah. # They're not seafood. Interviewer: #1 not that they # 657X: #2 They're # swamp food. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Really? Okay. # 657X: But I'll tell you they are great. Interviewer: What kinds of snakes do you have? 657X: Uh well we have the rattlesnakes D: North of the lake {NW}. We have uh kingsnakes around here little grass snakes and I don't know of any other poisonous snakes than the case of the rattler. But uh most of the snakes down this way are rather harmless. Interviewer: And uh the animals that croak would be? 657X: Frogs. Interviewer: What do you call the big one? 657X: Bullfrog. Interviewer: What do you call the small one? 657X: Just a little frog. Interviewer: How about the kind that lives in the garden? 657X: Don't have them in New Orleans. Interviewer: Okay. Uh what would you dig up for fishing? 657X: Worms. Interviewer: What kind? 657X: The um the lo- long ones that uh that you get in uh in uh for instance in uh {X} {D: I put two leaves and uh}. What do you call that that pile that you get the garden uh stuff out of? Interviewer2: #1 It's compost. Composts. # Interviewer: #2 Composts. mm-hmm # Uh then the animal that has a hard shell and can draw in it's head and legs? 657X: Turtle. Interviewer: Do you have uh several kinds of turtles? 657X: Yes there're the big sea turtles then there are the uh the um {NW} the turtle that's used for uh making turtle soup which is a very special turtle. We have a a strictly French name for it they call it a {C: speaking French}. Interviewer: How do you spell that? 657X: Uh nobody can tell #1 you that. Then # Interviewer: #2 Oh. # 657X: not even not even the next {X} {X} who is an authority on French he still has never discovered how to spell it {C: speaking French} Interviewer: {NW} 657X: But that's a that's a a French water turtle That is the um very much sought after for making turtle Interviewer: #1 soup. # Interviewer: #2 mm # 657X: See- then there are the little uh box turtles that can close their- their shell up {X} Interviewer: They're dry land. 657X: They're dry land. Interviewer: Are there any other dry land turtles? 657X: Uh I don't know. Interviewer: Would you ever call a {X} a gopher? 657X: No. Interviewer: I didn't think so. What would you call an insect that flies around the light. 657X: I I wish you would tell me because I haven't seen many in so many years but for the the uh ordinary ordinary insect is a moth. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: But there was a there was an insect that flew around the electric glass {D: they caught in electric lights}. That used to be think about this big a repulsive looking things with a black wing and stripe on it. And they would fly around those carbon lights. {X} {NS} don't see them any more with the with the carbon lights going out of use and you don't see those insects anymore. Interviewer: mm 657X: We used to call them electric bright bulb bugs. Interviewer: mm mm-kay What uh has a little light in its tail? 657X: That's a firefly. Interviewer: Um what is a long thin bodied insect #1 that has a # 657X: #2 And we also # call that a lightning bug. Interviewer: Okay yeah that's what I call them. 657X: Yeah. Interviewer: A long thin bodied insect that has two pairs of wings and you find them around water? 657X: Would that be the uh the uh what we call uh mosquito hawk Interviewer: mm-kay {X} what kinds of stinging insects do you know? 657X: Wasps bees Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: and uh the {C: could be the IO caterpillar} caterpillar get sort of {D: they use that as a sort of a} of a triangular shape. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Uh it's called some kind of moth but it can really poison you. Interviewer: mm What's the insect that bites and used to carry malaria? 657X: That was the mosquito. Interviewer: mm-hmm And what is the little insect that burrows in your skin? 657X: Uh tick. Interviewer: Well there's another kind too that I I think may be smaller. Interviewer2: Sometimes associated with Spanish moss. Interviewer: Well I don't know if they have Spanish moss here. 657X: We used to but we never #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 uh-uh # Well would you call it a chigger or a {X}? 657X: I thought chigger was out in the country more than- Interviewer: Maybe. 657X: um yeah I've experienced chiggers in Tennessee. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm Would would you call them chiggers here? 657X: Uh no they usually they don't usually call them chiggers here I don't think they use the word very much I've heard people use it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: But uh it uh They're very common in the in Tennessee and the mountains I'll have chiggers on me Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 657X: #2 on {X} # Interviewer: I haven't and I don't want to. Uh what do you call the kind of insect that hops around in grass? 657X: The the um the um the grasshopper. Interviewer: mm And a little fish you'd use for bait would be a? 657X: {X} Interviewer: If you haven't swept or cleaned your house and in this corner you might have a? 657X: Cobwebs. Interviewer: Okay. What are the parts of trees that grow under the ground? 657X: The roots. Interviewer: Okay. {X} sugar maples I think if you had a group of sugar maples what would you call that? 657X: A grove. Interviewer: And what kinds of trees do you have around here most commonly? 657X: Well we have the oak cypress elm myrtle and uh um Interviewer: Sycam-? 657X: Sycamore #1 oh # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 657X: Sycamore's a nuisance. Interviewer: mm 657X: and they Interviewer: And that does the big tree that has the big white blossoms? 657X: and uh #1 Magnolia # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 657X: and Hackberry which is also a nuisance. Interviewer: mm Uh what's the kind of tree they say George Washington cut down? 657X: The cherry tree. Interviewer: Okay. 657X: We don't have cherries here. Interviewer: And a kind of bush that turns red early in the fall and has red berries and some say it's poisonous. 657X: Sumac. Interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm and what what kind of poisonous vines do you have? 657X: Uh poison ivy. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 657X: #2 and um # That's about the the only bad one. There's also poison oak. Interviewer: Is it the same thing? 657X: No it's a different vine it it is a vine but it's different from poison ivy. Interviewer: mm-kay What kinds of berries are there? 657X: {NW} Blackberries Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: strawberries Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: uh there's some uh {NW} some huckleberries in the woods North of here but uh. Interviewer: There's a kind that begins with an R that I don't think #1 it grows. # 657X: #2 Raspberry. # Interviewer: Yeah mm-hmm um and then these are some terms for members of the family if a married woman were referring to the man she's married to she she would say I have to ask my? 657X: Husband. Interviewer: You'd say I'd have to ask my? 657X: My wife. Interviewer: Okay um a woman who's lost her husband is a? 657X: A widow. Interviewer: Do you have a term for a woman whose husband has left her? 657X: um Well they refer to her as a grass widow. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: as a- a- a- as a grass widow and the other one is {D: the sun widow}. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: {NW} Interviewer: Yeah that. What did you call your father? 657X: Papa. Interviewer: And your mother? 657X: Mama. Interviewer: And your father and mother together would be your? 657X: My parents. Interviewer: What did you call your grandparents? 657X: Well we used the French term {C: speaking French, the word is probably Maman} Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: #1 which is gran- granny # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 657X: #1 {C: speaking French} and {C: speaking French} # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm {NS} # mm-hmm okay. Uh then your sons and daughters would be your? 657X: Children. Interviewer: And a name that the child is called by just in the family would be his? 657X: Well his uh would be a nickname. Interviewer: mm-hmm and what would you put a baby into that has wheels and you can push it? 657X: A go cart. Interviewer: Alright. If you 657X: Or a or a baby buggy but we called it a go cart. Interviewer: If you put the baby in a buggy and then took it out what would you say you were doing? 657X: For a walk. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um your children would be your sons and your? 657X: Daughters. Interviewer: Or your boys and? 657X: Girls. Interviewer: Uh if a woman was going to have a baby what would you say she is? 657X: Well not that many interesting ways of saying that. #1 In French we refer to it as # 657X: #2 {NS} # 657X: #1 {D: being in an interesting position}. # 657X: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: mm 657X: {C: speaking French} Interviewer: {D: What} 657X: #1 U- u- uh she's she's pregnant. # 657X: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 Anything else? # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 657X: uh They uh they refer to it {C: speaking French} bigness. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And that's uh {C: speaking French} Interviewer: If you don't have a doctor to deliver a baby the woman who might help would be a? 657X: A midwife. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if a boy and his father have the same appearance you'd say the boy? 657X: Is a chip off the old block. Interviewer: Good. Uh if a woman has taken care of children till they're grown you'd say she has? 657X: She has raised them. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh if a child were about to be punished you'd say yeah you're going to get a? 657X: You're going to get a good licking. Interviewer: Okay. What would you call a child that's born to an unmarried woman? 657X: Well he's either illegitimate or a bastard. Interviewer: #1 Alright um your brother's son is your? # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 657X: My brother's son is my nephew. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # A child who's lost his father and mother is an? 657X: Is an orphan. Interviewer: And the court might appoint someone to look after it a legal? 657X: A legal u- uh tutor or a or a guardian. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um all the people who are kin to you would be your? 657X: My cousins or my relatives. Interviewer: And if somebody was not kin to you you'd say he's no? 657X: He's no kin. Interviewer: mm-hmm What would you call someone who came into town that you've never seen before? 657X: A stranger. Interviewer: Suppose he's from a foreign country? 657X: A foreigner. Interviewer: Would you ever call somebody a foreigner from this country? 657X: Well in joking we would but {NW} {D: but not that.} Interviewer: How far away would he have to come from to be a foreigner? 657X: Canada. Interviewer: Okay. Uh the name of the mother of Jesus is? 657X: Mary. Interviewer: And George Washington's wife? 657X: Was Martha. Interviewer: And there's a whole song wait 'til the sun shines? 657X: Nellie. Interviewer: Okay. And then Jimmy Carter's brother is named? 657X: Billy. {NW} Interviewer: Uh first of the four gospels is? 657X: Matthew. Interviewer: mm-hmm A woman who conducts school is a? 657X: School teacher. Interviewer: mm-hmm um # Interviewer: #1 If there was a a married woman named Cooper # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # and you didn't know her first name you'd call her? 657X: Now what was that? Interviewer: A married woman named Cooper you wanted to address her and you don't know her first name so you call her? 657X: Mrs Cooper. Interviewer: mm-hmm What would you call a carpenter who was not well trained and didn't do a good job? 657X: Is a botch. Interviewer: Oh yeah I've heard that one. 657X: Yeah. Interviewer: Do you know the term jackleg? 657X: Jackleg yes. Interviewer: Is that just for a 657X: Jackleg applies to a carpenter as well as to somebody else who messes up things. Interviewer: Such as? 657X: Such as a stone cutter who uh doesn't cut the stone right or uh or uh or they're putting in concrete that doesn't mix it right what can you expect from a jackleg like that? Interviewer: Would you use jackleg for somebody like a doctor or a lawyer? 657X: Yeah not for the lawyers but for a doctor. Interviewer: mm-hmm okay um What relation 657X: For a lawyer you would call him a shyster. Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # What relation would my mother's sister be to me? 657X: Your mother's sister would be your aunt. Interviewer: mm-hmm The wife of Abraham would be? 657X: Well well that he had a couple of them {X} Interviewer: How about his his legitimate wife I guess his main wife? 657X: Was Zipporah or- Interviewer: Well the one the mother of Isaac. 657X: Was it Leah? Interviewer: Begins with an S. 657X: Sarah. Interviewer: uh-huh um If you your father had a brother called John you would call him? 657X: Either Johnny or Jack. Interviewer: Well he was your father's brother you'd call him? 657X: Oh uncle. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if um {NW} he had a brother called William you'd call him? 657X: Bill. Interviewer: #1 No uncle # 657X: #2 but he would also be # he'd also be my uncle. Interviewer: You'd call him uncle? 657X: Uncle Bill. Interviewer: Okay. Uh then the the commander of the army would be? 657X: Commander in chief. Interviewer: The highest rank in the army would be what title? 657X: Would be a general. Interviewer: And what would {X}? 657X: #1 Well you have the gra- graduation as a general # 657X: #2 {NS} # uh a major general the brigadier general or the lieutenant generals comes at the top {D: lieutenant} general major general brigadier colonel Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: lieutenant colonel um captain Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: first lieutenant second lieutenant who is who we refer to as the {X}. Interviewer: {D: yeah you why this why that}? 657X: I don't know. Interviewer: Okay. That's that's as far down as we need to go. The man who presides over the court would be a? 657X: A judge? Interviewer: And a child in school would be a? 657X: A scholar or a student. Interviewer: What's the difference there? 657X: Well a scholar would probably come up higher. Interviewer: Okay. And then the person that does the typing and the filing in an office is the? 657X: Stenographer. Interviewer: Or? 657X: Secretary. Interviewer: And a woman on the stage would be an? 657X: An actress. Interviewer: mm-hmm And your nationality is? 657X: M- mine? Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: I'm an American. Interviewer: Okay. Uh a person whose skin was black you'd say is what race? 657X: Negro. Interviewer: What would you call a negro how do you refer to them? 657X: Well nowadays we're supposed to refer to them as blacks. Interviewer: Was there a different term when you were growing up? 657X: Yes. They didn't want to be called blacks. In those days they were colored people. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And uh and we uh called them we we referred to them if I was writing or speaking formally I would refer to them as a negro. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And uh {NW} if I were belittling him I'd call him a nigger. Interviewer: Okay. And your race is? 657X: I'm I'm caucasian. I'm a white. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh what would black people say to a belittle white people what would they call them? 657X: Call them a honky. Interviewer: mm-kay Uh what would you call a child born of a racially mixed marriage? 657X: He's a mixed breed. Interviewer: mm Okay this probably a good point for me to ask you what a Cajun is. 657X: A Cajun is uh is a descendant of the Acadian refugees who were driven out of Nova Scotia by the British. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: The British had habit of driving people off in no direction. They came down here to Louisiana and they settled in the bayou country around Saint Martinville and that area. And their descendants are the Cajuns now they're not the same thing as creole. Interviewer: mm-hmm What are creoles? 657X: Creoles are descendants of French and Spanish um p- people not necessarily original uh colonies but descendants of French and Spanish people who settled here in Louisiana. They are not black. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Now everything that was supposed to be the best was creole Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: For instance creole tomatoes the best tomatoes. Interviewer: Ah. 657X: Uh and various things were called creole th- they were better and a good nigger was a creole nigger. Interviewer: Oh mm-hmm 657X: And that's where they get the id- that's where people get the idea that creoles are that they're uh half uh negro Interviewer: mm 657X: That is wrong. I'm proud to be a creole. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: I'm of a mixed Latin ancestry. Interviewer: mm 657X: I got all the worst. Interviewer: {NW} Do creoles have to have a mixture of blood? 657X: uh Yes. Well now it's not th- th- they're not necessarily pure French or pure {X} usually are but uh they really could be more descendants of the colonials. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: For instance we have a lot of of uh creoles with uh German ancestry. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm 657X: Because the Germans came here settled in the river parishes. And uh since the priests were all French and the majority of the people were French they they Gallicized their names. And one of the strangest examples you might be interested in this story A German by the name of {X} Z-W-E-I-G came to marry a creole girl a a French girl. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And uh the priest when the priest asked the name he was told Nicholas Zweig and he says {C: speaking French}. Interviewer: mm 657X: And then somebody in the congregation held up the branch of a tree Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: a a a sprig of. Interviewer: mm 657X: And oh he said why didn't you tell me that in the first place? Your name is {C: speaking French}. Interviewer: mm 657X: And the {X} family has come down 657X: all from Zweig and are known as {C: speaking French}. Interviewer: #1 So the German family? # 657X: #2 Had # a German u- u- they have a German background and. Interviewer: The name is not translated 657X: Well the name was translated as Zweig in German is a branch. Interviewer: mm 657X: And from th- from that the {X} family stems. Interviewer: mm 657X: Although the original name would've been {X} Interviewer: mm 657X: And they've done the same thing with a lot of names uh the R-O-N-E family originally was R-O-H-N. Interviewer: mm 657X: The uh {X} family H-Y or H-I-M-E-L were originally {X}. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm 657X: and uh {X} H-E-Y-D-E-L was {X} H-E-I-D-L. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: {NW} And all of those names had been come from their German ancestry. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm 657X: And some of them consider themselves Cajuns some of them consider themselves creoles and {X} Interviewer: Yes. {X} What would you call white people who are not well off and they don't try to better themselves? 657X: Poor white trash. Interviewer: #1 Okay uh-huh what would you call # 657X: #2 And # that applies in Georgia as well as Interviewer: Oh yes. #1 All over the south. # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: What do you call the people that grow up out in the country? 657X: Um well we'd call it country- folks are Cajuns. Interviewer: mm-hmm mm um These are some parts of the body that I'll just point to what do you call this part of your head? 657X: Forehead. Interviewer: Alright what do you call this? 657X: The head. Interviewer: And that's a? 657X: The beard. Interviewer: uh-uh uh this is b- is what? 657X: The ear. Interviewer: Which one? 657X: That's the left ear. Interviewer: And this is the? 657X: Right ear. Interviewer: Okay this is my? 657X: Your mouth and your lips. Interviewer: And this the whole thing is my? 657X: Your neck. Interviewer: And you swallow down your? 657X: Throat. Interviewer: And this part on a man is the? 657X: #1 That's the Adam's apple. # Interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # And the dentist would look at your? 657X: Teeth. Interviewer: And he'd fill one? 657X: He'd fill a tooth. Interviewer: mm-hmm and the flesh around the teeth? 657X: They are the gums. Interviewer: And then this part is the? 657X: That's a palm of your hand. Interviewer: And now the whole the whole thing both of them you have two? 657X: Two hands. Interviewer: mm-hmm and this is a? 657X: Fist. Interviewer: You have two? 657X: Two fists. Interviewer: Uh the place where you bend is a? 657X: Elbow. Interviewer: Or any place where you'd bend? 657X: Is a joint. Interviewer: mm-hmm And the other part of a man's body is his? 657X: His chest. Interviewer: And these are his? 657X: Shoulders. Interviewer: And uh the limb at the bottom is the? 657X: Your leg. Interviewer: mm-hmm And at the bottom of the leg is the? 657X: Is the ankle and the foot. Interviewer: And you have two? 657X: Thighs. Two uh calves. Interviewer: At the bottom your two one foot two? 657X: O- one uh one right foot one left foot. Interviewer: There are two? 657X: And uh toes. Interviewer: Or one foot. 657X: Feet. Interviewer: Two feet okay. #1 Um # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: the top part of the leg is the? 657X: Is the shin. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if you got down like this you'd say you're getting down on your? 657X: {X} Interviewer: Okay th- what how do you describe that action? 657X: Squatting down. Interviewer: Okay. If somebody had been sick and now he's getting better you might say he still looks a little bit? 657X: He still looks a little pink. Interviewer: mm-hmm And what do you call a man who can pick up heavy weights he's big and? 657X: He's big and hefty. Interviewer: Okay uh what would you call someone who always has a smile on his face and a nice word to say? 657X: Um well he's I don't know I guess it's from being old it's pleasant. Interviewer: mm-hmm that's fine what about a teenage boy who's always stumbling and dropping things? 657X: He's awkward. Interviewer: mm-hmm And a person who keeps on doing things that don't make any sense he's just playing? 657X: Playing goof. Interviewer: Okay how about the word fool would you use? 657X: Fool yes. Interviewer: mm-hmm And a person who won't spend any money is a? 657X: miser. Interviewer: Okay. Um #1 if you said a person # 657X: #2 Or a # or a penny pincher. Interviewer: if you said a person was common what would you mean? 657X: {D: Okay well they would} that they acted uh cr- crudely or rudely Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: #1 and had no finesse about them. # Interviewer: #2 If # if an old person was still very strong and able to get about you'd say he's still awfully? 657X: Still awfully good Interviewer: K 657X: for his age. Interviewer: #1 And um if a # 657X: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: child didn't want to go upstairs in the dark he might say well I'm? 657X: Afraid. Interviewer: mm-hmm uh And if someone left some money on the table and left the door open you might say he was being very? 657X: Careless. Interviewer: Um if you said there's nothing wrong with Aunt Lucy but sometimes she acts a little bit? 657X: Just a little uh flighty she. Interviewer: Would you ever say queer for that? 657X: Now the word queer has been had been very badly treated. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: But she would have been she's she's a little bit queer. Interviewer: What does it mean now? Queer? 657X: Now it means the homosexuals. Interviewer: mm-hmm if uh somebody #1 {X} # 657X: #2 There are two words # that it's a shame that they've uh degraded it. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Gay and uh and queer. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: Because they they are good words Interviewer: Yes. 657X: Especially gay it's a It's a shame that it's given that connotation. Interviewer: I- I agree completely with that. Uh if somebody will never change his mind you'd say don't be so? 657X: Don't be so stubborn. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if somebody can't take a joke you might tell him don't be so? 657X: Don't be so disagreeable or don't be so uh Interviewer: Alright mm-hmm 657X: so silly. Interviewer: mm-hmm and Then you might say Well I was just teasing and I didn't know he'd get? 657X: Mad. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if there was a fire in the building you might tell everybody {D: now} don't get excited just? 657X: Just calm down. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if you were you've been working hard you'd say you were? 657X: Tired. Interviewer: And if you were very tired you're all? 657X: All worn out. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh if a person has been well and suddenly you hear he's got a disease you'd say oh when was it that he? 657X: When was it that he that it hit him or when was Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: that he uh that he got sick? Interviewer: Yeah. And uh if he started sneezing and his eyes were watering you'd say that he did what? 657X: Caught cold. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if it affected his voice and it got very low you'd say he's? 657X: Got a frog in his {X}. Interviewer: Or. 657X: Hoarse. Interviewer: mm-hmm And if you go {NS} you've got a? 657X: You have a well that would be a cold or Interviewer: Well you'd be doing what? 657X: Cough. Interviewer: mm-hmm uh And if you can't hear anything at all you're stone? 657X: Deaf. Interviewer: And a man might take off his shirt after he'd been working and say look how much I have? 657X: Sweat. Interviewer: mm-hmm A discharging sore that comes to a head is a? 657X: A boil. Interviewer: And what comes out of a boil? 657X: um {NW} {X} Interviewer: mm-hmm um Then what what does a blister what kind of liquid? 657X: Water. Interviewer: If a person was shot in the war he'd have a bullet? 657X: Wound. Interviewer: What would you call flesh that doesn't heal right around the wound? 657X: A scar or a Interviewer: It has to be cut out sometimes. 657X: I- I don't know what you'd call it. Interviewer: Do you know the term proud flesh? 657X: Yeah. Yes I know proud flesh. They're usually associated with the things around your fingers that get annoying. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm Uh what is the brown liquid {D: medicine} that stings that you put on a cut? 657X: Iodine. Interviewer: And then a pack of tonic they used to take for malaria? {NS} 657X: I don't know. Interviewer: See what else I know about it. I don't know much else about it. um Starts with a Q. 657X: Oh quinine. Interviewer: uh-huh um And then if a person was sick and didn't get well you'd say he? 657X: He's uh Interviewer: #1 Well he didn't # 657X: #2 {X} # Interviewer: He's not living anymore. He? 657X: Oh if he died. Interviewer: Is are there other ways of saying died? 657X: Yeah croaked. Interviewer: Any other? 657X: Kick the bucket. #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # uh #1 If you # 657X: #2 Or as the uh # as the uh black ones say they took the journey. Interviewer: #1 mm mm-hmm # 657X: #2 They've taken # #1 they've taken the journey. # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Okay. If you don't know the cause of his death you'd say I don't know what he? 657X: I don't know what he died of. Interviewer: mm-hmm And a place where people are buried is a? 657X: Cemetery. Interviewer: And the box in which they're placed is? 657X: The coffin or the casket. Interviewer: Is there a difference? 657X: Well {NW} It's a technicality. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: The coffin was the old time coffin that uh had a smaller octagon and and tapered narrowed down to the feet. And uh nowadays they call a casket it's more it's square it a more ornate Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # 657X: #2 affair. # Uh actually a casket is a is a container for jewels. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: #1 But uh # Interviewer: #2 mm # 657X: they call these uh things casket. Now there are there were also uh coffins that were made of uh cast iron that uh well like an Egyptian uh money case Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: that uh they used to use. but they were referred to as coffins. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um what is the ceremony when a person dies? 657X: The uh the uh funeral Interviewer: #1 Right. # 657X: #2 rites. # Interviewer: Alright and um when people are wearing black you'd say they're in 657X: In mourning. Interviewer: mm-hmm Um 657X: Here we have three different grades of mourning. We have full mourning where the widow will put a veil over her face and a long veil hanging down. And uh then there was a second mourning where they uh would wear black and white. And then finally they would go back to colors. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: I don't think my grandmother ever was e- e- entirely out of mourning in all her life. Interviewer: mm 657X: She was every time somebody died there was they were very strict on mourning on wearing mourning clothes. Interviewer: mm mm-hmm Um if uh the children were out late and your wife was getting upset you might say don't worry yeah they'll they'll they'll be home alright just don't? 657X: Don't worry. Interviewer: mm-hmm And she might say well I can't help feeling a little bit? 657X: {D: Feeling I I've} worried about them. Interviewer: The opposite of easy would be? 657X: Yeah. Interviewer: Not feeling easy #1 but? # 657X: #2 But I've # I can't help but feeling uneasy. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh then the uh disease that old people get in their joints is? 657X: {D: We- the new} well it was rheumatism now it's arthritis. Interviewer: Alright. Uh there's a sore throat that children used to get that they #1 die of? # 657X: #2 {X} # Interviewer: mm-hmm And a disease that makes your skin and eyeballs turn yellow? 657X: Hepatitis or yellow fever. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh then If you had your appendix taken out you've had an attack of? 657X: Of appendicitis. Interviewer: If you eat something that doesn't agree with you and it come back up you have to? 657X: Indigestion you have to vomit. Interviewer: mm-hmm Is there another way of saying that? 657X: Upchuck. Interviewer: Is that is upchuck a polite term or {D: crude term}? 657X: uh I don't uh think uh I think the thing is uh probably vomit is more proper but I don't think upchuck is too bad. Interviewer: Is there a very bad way of saying that? 657X: Oh yeah he in th- we have a wonderful one in French. And he just he just threw threw up his guts. {NW} Interviewer: #1 Yeah that's not pleasant. # 657X: #2 {NW} # That's very unpleasant. Interviewer: If you are feeling as though you might need to throw up you'd say I'm sick where? 657X: I'm sick in the stomach. Interviewer: #1 Okay uh # 657X: #2 Now # some people say sick to the stomach Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: but uh. Interviewer: I say sick at the stomach. 657X: Yes. Interviewer: People say all kinds of #1 things {D: don't they}? # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # Uh if a boy keeps going over to the same girl's house all the time you'd say he's doing what? 657X: He's courting. Interviewer: mm-hmm And what would you call him he's her? 657X: He's her boyfriend or he's uh her sweetheart. Interviewer: And she's his what? 657X: Sh- his sweetheart. Interviewer: Alright and if he came home with lipstick on his collar his little brother might say he's been? 657X: You been kissing? Interviewer: mm-hmm And if he asked her to marry him and she wouldn't have him you'd say she did what? 657X: She turned him down. Interviewer: Or she just told him not to come over any more you'd say she did what? 657X: She told him to take a walk Interviewer: #1 Huh ah. # 657X: #2 forever. # Interviewer: How about if they were engaged and all of the sudden she? 657X: She broke the engagement. Interviewer: Alright. But if she didn't break the engagement they went ahead and got? 657X: Got married. Interviewer: And um the man who stands up with the groom? 657X: Is the best man. Interviewer: And the woman with the bride? 657X: The maid of honor. Interviewer: mm-hmm Uh do you have a name for a noisy party after a wedding? Not the reception but they go over to the house and shoot guns. 657X: Well they had a big blow out and uh uh they they really really w- went wild. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: There's so many expressions you can use for a thing like that. Interviewer: Well there's one in particular that's comes from a French term the English version of it is chivalry. 657X: Oh a chivalry that's that's a different kind of wedding. Interviewer: What kind is that? 657X: Well that's where uh uh an older woman and an older man suddenly decides to get married and there's a there's a varia- variation in their ages. Or in other words she probably most people thought well that old gal she'll never get out Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: get a husband. Interviewer: mm-hmm 657X: And uh then they have a chivalry {NW} And then get uh they when these people get to their house the whole troop comes along there with with cans and horns and whistles and whatnot. And makes uh as the French expression is {C: speaking French} Interviewer: #1 mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # 657X: But that's for a special kind of a wedding. Interviewer: #1 mm Let's stop a minute and get this # Interviewer: #2 {NS} # Interviewer: #1 tape changed because it's about to run out. # Interviewer: #2 {NS} #