662: The beignets? Interviewer: uh huh What? 662: Well it's um it's a plain dough and you fry it in deep fat and then after that you'd shake it in some powdered sugar. Interviewer: mm-hmm That's that's the French 662: That's the French doughnuts. The beignets Interviewer: Um what about something you you make up a batter and fry three or four of these for breakfast? 662: A batch Interviewer: Well something that um you eat with syrup and butter. You fry them for breakfast it's not a kind of doughnut it's something else. 662: Oh pancakes Interviewer: mm-kay Any other name for pancakes? 662: Flap jacks Interviewer: mm-kay What about um say if you were you say there's two kinds of bread there's there's homemade bread and then there's? 662: Store bought bread. Interviewer: mm-kay What about um When you talking about home much flour might be in a sack you might say? The flour might a sack might contain ten? 662: Pounds Interviewer: And what sort of things are made out of cornmeal? 662: Cornmeal? Interviewer: mm-hmm What kinds of bread and things are made out of cornmeal? 662: Oh cornbread Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: Uh you can use cornmeal to fry seafood with. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about something you could make to eat along with the seafood? 662: Hushpuppies {NW} Interviewer: What do they look like? 662: That's little fritters with onions chopped onion in it and an egg milk Interviewer: It's little frit-? 662: Fritters Interviewer: #1 What's # 662: #2 Fried # It's fried they're dropped by teaspoon fulls into hot fat. Interviewer: What do you mean fritters? 662: A fritter is uh any it it's a fried food it's um round and usually when it's cooked on one side it will automatically pop over and cook on the other side. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: You can make eggplant fritters or banana fritters. And that's what a hushpuppy is it's a fritter. Interviewer: A fritter is just anything that's cooked in that's cooked that way? 662: It's yeah right Interviewer: It doesn't have to have meal or anything? 662: No because a you you can make eggplant fritters with eggplants and flour and sugar and vanilla and an egg you make a stiff it wouldn't be a dough it would be almost it would be in between a batter and a dough. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: you know Well it would be like um biscuit dough you know that consistency. A little bit thinner maybe and you drop it by teaspoon fulls into hot grease. And it's delicious. Interviewer: What about um something that you can make just with cornmeal salt and water? 662: Cornmeal salt and water? You talking about mush? Interviewer: mm-hmm Anything else like that? 662: The only thing I've ever used that for was for tamale pie. Interviewer: Was for what? 662: Tamale pie Interviewer: What's that? 662: Tamale you know tamale pie you know the stuff that you buy at the super market and you ground your uh brown your ground beef #1 and put the spices in. # Interviewer: #2 Oh that Mexican # 662: Yeah and you you make a mush to go on top with the cornmeal and the water and the salt and you top it off and you bake it Interviewer: #1 Did you ever hear of anything called cush cush # 662: #2 cush cush # That's around Lafayette {NW} Interviewer: What's that? 662: That's around Lafayette the people eat cush cush. Interviewer: uh huh #1 {X} # 662: #2 It's not # too popular down here. Interviewer: How do they make that? 662: I don't know I guess it's the same thing as mush. And eat it with syrup I believe or you can eat it with milk. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And sugar like some people would eat oatmeal Interviewer: uh huh It around Lafayette that's that's more French then 662: That's what you call the Acadians around there. Interviewer: Is is that French the the same as what's spoken here? 662: Well I really I guess you could go in Louisiana and find French spoken differently in just about I don't know how many communities because like the people in Grand Isle I'll speak French differently than the people in upper Lafourche then in ah below Homer it'll be just a little bit different but generally they can understand each other there's just a few things that would be you know different. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: You know just a few just a few little expressions is really what is it yeah it's basically the same. Interviewer: Um did you ever hear of anything called a corn dodger? 662: uh uh Interviewer: And the inside part of the egg is called a? 662: Yolk Interviewer: And what color is that? 662: Yellow Interviewer: And if you cook them in hot water you call them? 662: Boiled Interviewer: Boiled? 662: Boiled eggs Interviewer: uh huh What about if you crack them and let them fall out of their shells in the hot water? 662: Poached Interviewer: And what about the um kind of pork that you can use for boiling with greens? 662: Salt pork Interviewer: mm-hmm Any 662: Salt meat Interviewer: uh huh Did you ever hear of um white bacon or fat back or 662: Slab bacon Interviewer: What's slab bacon? 662: Slab bacon is just? uh to me it's just the odd pieces that's left over in the factories that they can't slice uniform slices out of you know and package it and sell it for seasoning meat. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: That's what slab bacon is to me. Interviewer: What about the kind of meat you buy sliced to eat with eggs? {NS} 662: Ham bacon Interviewer: uh huh {NS} And um when you cut the side of a hog {NS} when you cut the side of the hog 662: The side of the hog? Interviewer: Would you call that um side of bacon or middle end of bacon or? 662: No I'm not too familiar with that. A side yeah Interviewer: uh huh What about hmm 662: Or a side of beef Interviewer: mm-hmm What about the um the outside of the bacon that you cut off? 662: I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear of the the bacon rind or? 662: Oh yeah yeah rind Interviewer: uh huh 662: Bacon rind Interviewer: What and um the person who kills and sells the meat he's called a? 662: Butcher Interviewer: And if meats been kept to long you say that it's? 662: Spoiled Interviewer: And you could take the trimmings and slice them up and grind them and make you know something you could cut into little links maybe 662: Sausage Interviewer: mm-kay What do you make with the meat from the head? 662: Hog head cheese Interviewer: mm-kay Have you ever heard of anything called scrapple or hon hogs 662: uh uh Interviewer: What about um something made out of the liver? 662: Made out of the liver? Liver cheese Interviewer: How do you make that? 662: I don't know. Interviewer: What about the blood? 662: Blood sausage or boudin. {C: French pronunciation} Interviewer: Is boudin the same as blood sausage? 662: Well boudin {C: French pronunciation} uh you can get white boudin {C: French pronunciation} or you can get red boudin {C: French pronunciation} Now the red boudin {C: French pronunciation} called the blood sausage. Interviewer: What um what different inside parts of the hog do we {NS} 662: The ribs the inside I don't know what would the ham be the rump? You can get Interviewer: I mean the the 662: Organ meat you mean? Interviewer: Yeah what different 662: In potted meat you get everything I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of um {D: passlit or parslit} or liver in lites 662: uh uh Interviewer: What about something they could make out of the intestines? 662: Chitlins Interviewer: uh huh And say if you had butter that was kept too long and it didn't taste right 662: It's rancid Interviewer: mm-kay What about milk that gets thick you call that? 662: Clabber Interviewer: What do you make with that? 662: Cream cheese Interviewer: And the first thing you have to do after milking to get the impurities out? 662: Pasteurize Interviewer: Or what they do like you could you could to get the hairs and everything out? 662: Strain it Interviewer: mm-kay and this is something kind of like a a fruit pie only its got several layers of fruit and dough in it. 662: Cobbler Interviewer: mm-kay And if someone has a good appetite you say he sure likes to put away his? 662: Food Interviewer: And food taken between regular meals? 662: Snack Interviewer: mm-kay Did you ever hear that called a lunch? 662: uh uh Interviewer: And um say if you took milk or cream and mixed that with sugar and nutmeg and made a sweet liquid to pour over a pie you'd call that a? 662: Milk and nutmeg? And sugar? Interviewer: Yeah 662: That's eggnog {NW} Interviewer: Well something that {NS} just a a sweet liquid that you could make to pour 662: Custard Interviewer: Well 662: Pudding custard? Interviewer: I was thinking something would you ever call it a sauce or a dip or a dressing? 662: Oh a sauce yeah custard sauce Interviewer: mm-kay And if dinner was on the table and the family was standing around the table and you tell them just go ahead and? 662: Eat Interviewer: But they are standing up you tell them? 662: Sit down Interviewer: mm-kay So then you went ahead and what down? 662: They sat down. Interviewer: mm-kay And you say no one else was standing because they had all? 662: Sat down Interviewer: And if you want someone not to wait until the potatoes are passed over to them you tell them just go ahead and? 662: Wait now my mind's wandering say that again. Interviewer: If there's some potatoes on the table and you want someone to not to wait until they are passed over 662: Help yourself Interviewer: What? 662: Say that again help yourself. Interviewer: mm-kay Say you say so then he went ahead and? 662: Helped himself Interviewer: mm-kay And I asked him to pass them over to me since he had already? 662: Helped himself Interviewer: mm-kay And if you decide not to eat something you say? No thank you I don't 662: I don't eat that. Interviewer: Or if I offer you some food that you don't want you'd say I don't? 662: I don't indulge {NW} Interviewer: And if foods been cooked and served a second time you say that it's been? 662: Reheated Interviewer: mm-kay Do you ever say warmed up feed over? 662: Warmed up Interviewer: mm-kay And you put the food in your mouth and then you begin to? 662: Chew Interviewer: And you say he couldn't eat that piece of meat because it got stuck in his throat and he couldn't? 662: Swallow Interviewer: He could chew it but he couldn't? aux: Swallow 662: Swallow Interviewer: And say if um carrots and peas and beets and so forth that that you grow yourself you'd call those? 662: Home grown Interviewer: Home grown what? 662: Vegetables {NW} Interviewer: And a place where you'd grow them would be? 662: Garden Interviewer: And whiskey that people would make illegally out in the woods? 662: Moonshine Interviewer: mm-kay Any other names for that? 662: Boot leg Interviewer: mm-kay What about the beer that they'd make? 662: Home brew Interviewer: mm-hmm You ever hear of um people make some sort of beer or liquor or something from from the sugarcane skins? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: Did you ever hear of something I think it's called buck or something like that. 662: I've never heard of that. Interviewer: {D: Did you ever heard of anything called splow?} 662: mm-mm Interviewer: And you say this isn't imitation makers or this is? 662: Genuine Interviewer: And when sugar was sold not packaged but when it's sold weighed out of the barrel you'd say it was sold? 662: Loose Interviewer: mm-kay And if you were buying it whole sale you'd say you were buying it in? Say if you were buying about one hundred pounds at a time you'd say you were buying it in? 662: Bulk Interviewer: mm-kay And a sweet spread that you could put on toast or biscuits in the morning? 662: A sweet spread? Interviewer: uh huh 662: Jam jelly Interviewer: mm-kay And something you could season your food with? 662: Just any seasoning? Interviewer: Well no what you 662: Salt and pepper Interviewer: mm-kay And if there was a bowl of apples and a child wanted one it'd say? If there's a bowl of apples on the table if the child wanted one he'd tell you? 662: May I have an apple Interviewer: mm-kay And you'd say well he doesn't live here he lives? 662: Over there Interviewer: mm-kay Did you ever say yonder? 662: uh uh Interviewer: Do you ever hear that around here? 662: uh Not around here not to The foreigners come over here and use that word yonder but the natives don't use it. Interviewer: What do you mean foreigner? 662: Mississippians Texans {NW} people from Arkansas Interviewer: What about people from from North Louisiana are the foreigners? 662: Just about {NW} They don't call L-S-U stadium death valley for nothing. You ever heard them call that? Interviewer: I'm 662: L-S-U Death Valley aux: That horse you road this morning? Interviewer: Yeah I think so aux: I've seen you over there cause I was you know that door wide open spot back there? Interviewer: uh huh aux: Out by the hill camping out by the pond right next door 662: And don't swim you hear? {NW} Interviewer: Um if you tell someone don't do it that way do it? 662: This way Interviewer: mm-kay And if you don't have any money at all you say you're not rich you're? 662: Poor Interviewer: And you say when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child what father was rich next door was a child? 662: That's rich Interviewer: Or you talking about his father being rich. Next door was a child 662: You lost me again Interviewer: You say when I was a child my father was poor but next door was a child what? Father was rich. Next door was a child 662: Whose father was rich Interviewer: mm-kay And say if you have a lot of peach trees you say you have a peach? 662: Orchard Interviewer: And you might ask someone if that is his orchard {NW} you ask somebody if that's his orchard and he'd say no I'm just a neighbor. And he'd point to another man and say he's the man? 662: Who owns the orchard. Interviewer: mm-kay And talk about kinds of animals some the kind of animal that barks? 662: A dog Interviewer: mm-kay And if you wanted your dog to attack another dog what would you tell them? 662: Get it Interviewer: mm-kay What would you a a mixed breed dog? 662: A pot licker {D: A cayoodle} {D: A hines} Interviewer: A cay? 662: {D: Cayoodle} Interviewer: {D: What's cayoodle?} 662: That's just an old name down here for a mixed breed dog {D: a cayoodle.} I don't even know how you would spell that. But oh my daddy used to use that expression all the time. {D: So it's an old cayoodle.} Interviewer: Um Does that mean he is just a mixed breed dog or sort of a worthless dog? 662: Right Mixed breed just Interviewer: What about one of those small noisy little dogs that's always barking at you? 662: Chihuahua Interviewer: Or another name for them? 662: You mean you want the breed or you want just another name for them? Interviewer: Just a name a common name Did you ever hear of {D: buice?} 662: uh-uh Interviewer: What about just ah um it one of those big short haired dogs? 662: You want the breed or the name? Interviewer: Just the just the name. 662: Ah I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a cur? 662: uh uh Interviewer: And if you had a mean dog you might tell someone you better be careful that dog will? 662: Bite you Interviewer: And yesterday he? 662: Bit Interviewer: mm-kay And the person had to go to the doctor after he got? 662: Bitten Interviewer: mm-kay Did you ever say dog bit? so and so got dog bit 662: Dog bite Dog bite Interviewer: What other would you ever say it um the person was? 662: Bitten Interviewer: uh huh Would you ever say dog bit? Would you ever say it that way? Or would you say bitten by a dog? 662: Bitten by a dog is what I'd say. Interviewer: And something that people used to plow with the animal? 662: Oh a mule Interviewer: mm-kay And two of those hitched together they'd call that a? 662: Team Interviewer: mm-kay What what else besides mules would people have around a farm? 662: We back to the farm animals again? {NW} ah Horses Cattle Chickens Ducks Hogs Interviewer: Um talking about the the horses you'd say everyone around here likes to what horses? 662: Ride Interviewer: And yesterday he? 662: Rode Interviewer: But I have never? 662: Ridden Interviewer: And if you couldn't stay on you'd say I fell? 662: Off Interviewer: Say the whole thing. I fell 662: I fell off Interviewer: Wait talk about the horse I fell I fell what the horse I fell 662: I fell off the horse Interviewer: mm-kay And say a child was asleep in bed and woke up and found himself on the floor in the morning you say I guess I must of? 662: Fallen off the bed Interviewer: And the things that you put on the horses feet you call those the? 662: Horseshoes Interviewer: And the parts of the feet that you put the shoes on are called the? 662: Hoof Hoofs hooves {NW} Interviewer: And did you ever see a game played with the horseshoes? 662: mm-hmm Interviewer: Did you ever see it played with rings instead of horseshoes? 662: Ring toss game Interviewer: uh huh And the female horse is called the 662: Mare Interviewer: What about the male? 662: Stallion Interviewer: uh huh Was that what knights used? Stallions? 662: I don't see why not Interviewer: Were there any other names for the male-? 662: Stud Interviewer: uh huh How did that word sound did that sound kind of vulgar? 662: uh yeah I guess it does but now now a days it doesn't Interviewer: mm-hmm #1 What about # 662: #2 There's a lot of money made from that word # Interviewer: {NW} What about the animal that you milk? You call that a? 662: Cow Interviewer: And if it's first born it's called a? 662: Calf Interviewer: And if it's a female it's a? 662: Calf Interviewer: mm-kay what about a male? 662: Calf Interviewer: um and the grown male he's called a? 662: Bull Interviewer: mm-kay Was that word nice to use? 662: Yeah Interviewer: Any other names for bull? 662: No not that I know of. Interviewer: You never heard of people um older women or someone being embarrassed say the word bull did ya? 662: No Interviewer: And if you had a cow that was expecting a calf you'd say she was gonna? what? 662: She was gonna {NW} have a calf. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear drop a calf or 662: uh uh Interviewer: calf or coming fresh. And what people raise sheep for is the? 662: Wool Interviewer: And the female sheep is called the? 662: I don't know one of my pets. {NW} Interviewer: What about the male? 662: Wait now a male is called I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of a ram or 662: A ram yeah I always associate a ram you know the big horn rams that you see up in the mountains you always think of that's what I think of as a ram. Interviewer: I don't guess the ram sounds vulgar to you does it? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: And talking about the hogs when they are first born you call them? Well when they are babies you know you call them? 662: Pigs Interviewer: mm-kay What about when they are about half grown? Then you call them? 662: Pigs Interviewer: mm-kay Did you ever hear of shoats? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: What about the female they're called the? 662: I don't know I would just call it a pig Interviewer: uh huh 662: Or a hog Interviewer: What about if if she if she has babies then she would be a? Did you ever hear of a sow or a gilt? 662: Oh yeah I've yeah I didn't even know that's you know. {NW} I'm just not familiar you know? Interviewer: Yeah 662: I knew a sow was a pig but I didn't know that you know? It was a that she had right right Interviewer: What about the male? They're called the? 662: I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear of boar or sea hog 662: When I think of a boar I think of a wild boar. I don't think of anything domestic. Interviewer: You don't think about it being male or female? 662: No I just think of a wild boar charging through the jungle you know. Interviewer: Um what about say if you had a pig and you didn't want it to grow up to be a male hog what would you say you were gonna do to it? 662: Butcher it Interviewer: Or your not going to butcher him but you don't want him to grow up so he can be used for breeding you say you're going to? 662: You mean like uh have a castrating Interviewer: uh huh Any other terms for castrate? 662: No neuter Interviewer: mm-hmm What would you say if you were talking about say a a cat? You know a tom cat. 662: Yeah Neutered Interviewer: mm-kay And {NS} What happened to that dog's? 662: They put nail polish on it {X} her nails. She's a lady. {NS} Interviewer: Some places you know to get the the nails off on a dog they just put Novocaine there at some kennels they just chop it off And they chop some of the quick off too so they then they have to put {X} or something on to keep it from being infected I was thinking maybe y'all had done that. 662: Uh no the kids tried to polish her nails this morning and got it in her face besides. Interviewer: {NW} 662: Poor thing Interviewer: How many dogs do y'all have? 662: Lady and our German Shepard Joe Interviewer: He's the brave dog 662: That's the one that's so ferocious {NW} {NW} Interviewer: Um did you ever hear a name for a castrated male hog? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: Bar {D: barrow} barrow 662: No Interviewer: And you know the stiff hairs a hog has on it's back? 662: Bristles Interviewer: mm-kay What about the big teeth that he has? You know the 662: Tusk Interviewer: mm-kay And what you put the food in for the hogs? That would be called a? 662: Trough Interviewer: And if you had three or four of those you'd have three or four? 662: Troughs Interviewer: And say if um you had some horses and mules and cows and so forth when they were getting hungry you'd say you had to go feed the? 662: Animals Interviewer: mm-kay Did you ever say the the stock or the critters or the cattle? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: What about if it's time to feed them and do your chores you say that it's? Do you ever say feeding time {D: or fodder time?} 662: mm-mm Interviewer: or chore time? And what if you are talking about chicken and turkeys and geese would you have a general name for those kinds of animals? 662: Poultry Interviewer: mm-kay And um if you wanna get they say before you can hitch your horse to a wagon or a buggy you have to do what to them? 662: I wouldn't know Interviewer: Well you know when you put that everything on it you say you say you have to? 662: Harness Interviewer: mm-kay And when you are driving a horse what you hold in your hand? 662: The reins Interviewer: And when you are riding on it you hold the? 662: Reins Interviewer: And your feet are in the? 662: Stirrups Interviewer: And do you know um did you ever hear of the term referring to plowing with with horses the one on the left or the right did you ever hear of the lead horse or the nigh horse or off horse? 662: I've heard of a lead horse. Interviewer: What's the lead horse? 662: I don't know. {NS} I think that's supposed to be the smarter one {NW} I really don't know. Interviewer: And the noise that a cat makes when it's being weaned? You say the cat did what? 662: {D: I don't know} Interviewer: Well did you ever hear it cries blates or falls? 662: I would just say it cries. Interviewer: mm-kay What about the noise that a cow makes? You say she? 662: Moos Interviewer: mm-kay And the noise that a horse makes? 662: Whinnies Interviewer: mm-kay And did you ever hear anybody call a cow to get it him in and out of the pasture? 662: No Interviewer: Did you ever hear anyone call a calf? 662: No Interviewer: um what about a horse? 662: No by his name I guess. Interviewer: uh huh What about sheep? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: I don't guess that they have those around here. 662: mm-mm Interviewer: Did you ever hear anyone call hogs? 662: They say sooie Interviewer: mm-kay Do you know how that goes? 662: uh uh {NW} Interviewer: What about um chicken 662: chick chick chick chick {NW} Interviewer: Did y'all have chicken? 662: My grandmother had chicken. {D: My moms mom} Interviewer: Where did your grandmother live? 662: That house right next door. Interviewer: #1 And y'all lived # 662: #2 And my aunt # Interviewer: In Thibodaux 662: mm-hmm My aunt owned both houses this one and the other one Interviewer: Was this the grandmother that couldn't speak? 662: But could cook. She could speak English but you know it was broken up. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: She used to prefer to speak in French but I'd always demand that she would speak in English. Interviewer: It really is funny that the language can just die out in one generation. 662: mm-hmm It's well I think that's why they trying to push that {X} fill program in Louisiana to regenerate the French you know. Interviewer: {D: What is the COTA fill?} 662: {D: COTA} fill it's a uh I don't know what it stands for the but it's an abbreviation of a title anyway they they pushing for the young people to start learning how to speak French again and to learn about there French background and you know and uh I think that they are really trying to push it more and more down here because now something I didn't have when I was a teenager was your gumbo festival and your shrimp festival and jambalaya festival and your Cajun days and they starting to bring back the {C: French, fais do-dos} #1 and you know # Interviewer: #2 What's that? # 662: {C: French, fais do-dos} was something that all the people would gather and they'd dance and they'd bring their kids and the mamas and daddies and the kids would be out there and just it would be like a big dance but the whole family would come. Now they have the {C: French, fais do-dos} again you know with the different festivals and everything and they put on the old bonnets you know and just {NW} Interviewer: Where do they have this? 662: Well in the olden days it was always the big the big place you know what I am talking about like they used to have the pavilion in Thibodaux and this and that but now it is always just like school functions or a community functions that they'll have once a year and they'll put on a {C: French, fais do-dos} but it it's nothing in comparison to what it was years ago but they want to let the children know about these things you know. Interviewer: Is this um this area is {NS} is pretty French it's not {D: not not like Lafayette or Saint Martinville is} {NS} Do people here feel um {NS} sort of a sense of you know we're we're Cajun or you know and we're you know the sa- feel more of an identity with being southern Louisiana you know I mean do 662: You mean do we feel like we are different from someone from Shreveport? Interviewer: Yeah I mean #1 do you feel # 662: #2 Definitely # Interviewer: I mean like you know like some people in the south they'll feel we're southerners you know as opposed to you know everybody else you know then feel really a sense of unity and feel sort of a little hostility toward outsiders or or feel feel that they are set apart do people 662: #1 I think so # Interviewer: #2 feel that around here much? # 662: I think so I think um I wish that you could get a hold of a recording there's {D: uh someone from Lafayette I don't know who it is} and he wrote a composition called what is a Cajun? Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And this recording describes completely what a Cajun is. And it's really interesting. And I think that um I think I don't I don't know I'm not familiar with any other parts of the country really and how the people are Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: but uh I think that there's something about people from south Louisiana that that is different from other people you know. I think they have sort of a definite possessiveness I maybe it is because our background is so colorful we have we do have a different background you know south Louisiana. Interviewer: What do you mean a possessiveness? 662: Um Interviewer: Do you think people are more close knit down here I mean more 662: #1 I think so I think people # Interviewer: #2 more family oriented # 662: Uh I don't know I just think that ah well like I'll give you an example my husband or some any other Louisiana native that'll work with my husband will feel like there is a lot of guys from out of state you know they will call someone from Mississippi a stump jumper and like he could be living down here thirty years but he's you know you you can get accepted and say you're a converted {D: cunas} you know you that's it you drink the bayou water and you'll always stay but um there's just something about being an actual native you know and that's just the way we are. Just like when the Rams play the Saints for the first time, they said they had seen fans in their life but never like in New Orleans. Interviewer: {NW} 662: There's something violent about us the way we a Cajun is supposed to love hard he's supposed to hate hard he's supposed to you know he'll get mad at you and then the next minute he'll give you the shirt off his back. That's about all it rolls into and that's how this guy describes a Cajun. You know. Interviewer: uh huh 662: Always to the nth degree Interviewer: uh huh 662: In anything that we do we play hard you know and and Interviewer: #1 What about um # 662: #2 that's how we are. # Interviewer: This what about the racial situation here is it I know I've been in Mississippi you know it's it seems to be a little different down here I can't. #1 I can't really describe # 662: #2 I think Mississippians hate blacks more than what Louisianians do # because the people in Louisiana used to work with the blacks a lot in the cane fields and oh myself I mean mama had um black women to work for her and when I was small I I was sickly when I was small and I had a black woman to take care of me and I loved it just as much as anybody else you know. But I think what really hurts nowadays is that the younger people the younger blacks are being taught to hate I think they want this they want the equal rights but I think they are going about it the wrong way because there is such a hate in it you know what I mean? Like when it's um incident happened at the Howard Johnson in New Orleans now my kid's my boy's in the seventh grade and a boy went to school the next morning it was a black boy and he says well that's good a few whites got killed. Interviewer: What what incident? 662: When the sniper killed I don't know how many people in New Orleans last year at the Howard Johnson and was burning I don't know how many rooms and killed I don't know how many people and had the police baffled they were just you know tearing into the building with guns and what have you. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about um the the I was really um I was down in Lafayette um a couple months ago and I talked to a a and noticed that most of the blacks down there spoke French 662: Oh yeah Interviewer: and um they seemed to me not only was you know their language different but just everything about them seemed seemed to be a little different from you know say a black in Mississippi of something of it just seemed to be a different sort of culture or something you know. 662: mm-hmm Interviewer: they seemed they struck me as being more #1 French # 662: #2 friendly # Oh what about friendly? Interviewer: Well they were friendlier um but they just I I didn't know I was just really surprised because it was a different sort of culture all together. 662: Well most of their ancestors worked here in Louisiana on plantations you know with the French people. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: They were raised with the French people #1 that's why. # Interviewer: #2 I guess they picked up a lot of the # 662: And they did oh yeah a lot of the black people around Lafayette have French names too Interviewer: uh huh 662: Plenty {D: Peletier's and Boudreaux's and Robichaux's and {C: French pronunciations}} stuff like that. Interviewer: Do the you think there's as much between just talk about the the real French people now like the ones that you know the older people who still speak French and everything. You think that um that they're less antagonistic toward blacks as you know a lot of the say someone in Mississippi delta or something an older person out there. 662: You mean the people down here? Interviewer: Yeah Do you think 662: I think they are Interviewer: There's less 662: #1 antagonistic # Interviewer: #2 right to awareness # 662: #1 Um # Interviewer: #2 antagonism # 662: I think so course that's just my opinion Interviewer: What about the older French people do they feel set apart from the the younger people who don't speak French any more? Do they feel? 662: I don't think so Interviewer: Most of them just go ahead and 662: I think if I think you know like you were saying {NW} um it's their fault that the younger people don't know how to speak French anyway cause they should have seen to it that the child would learn. Interviewer: yeah 662: And it was you know it was convenient for my mother she learned how to speak she spoke English she speaks English and um she didn't take the time she knew my grandmother was having ah difficulty speaking English to me but yet she didn't you know she didn't urge me to learn French. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: So really we can't blame ourself and we can't blame the younger children you know it's like the group around my mothers' age that you can really say well they didn't push Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: to teach the children French. Interviewer: Does um does French that they learn in school is it the sort of the Parisian French is it is it the standard French they teach in school or they they going ahead and teaching what people around here speak? 662: Uh from from what I understand from what I've seen I have a little niece that's taken it. Uh we see that they are going back to it now because I have a niece that's in Catholic school in Homer and she's in the third fourth grade and she's learning French and they didn't offer that. Interviewer: Is she is she learning the #1 Louisiana French # 662: #2 and it's no it's not # it's more the Parisian French you know. The proper French because it does differ my we were discussing it one day and my sister in law said well I thought this was this you know but Interviewer: uh huh 662: it isn't you know they were explaining it in a book. So it is different. Interviewer: It seems to me that they ought to just teach 'em just get a few natives speakers of French and you know and teach just what's spoken in this area. 662: Well I wish I would've learned. Interviewer: {NW} 662: Like I said I know a few things but uh I can't carry a conversation you know. Interviewer: Can you understand a conversation? 662: I can understand very little really Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: very little and that's it much to my regret. Interviewer: yeah 662: I wish I could you know. I was a telephone operator when I first got out of high school and I was always afraid I'd get a French speaking person. Course I could always turn over to somebody else you know if I did but I never did um have any difficulty but I know if some of the girls that did get you know the real French speaking people that um they could help them out. Course that's getting you know less and less now. Interviewer: Yeah Um we talked about the calls to animals um do you ever hear um um what would you say to a a mule or horse to get them to turn left or right? 662: I wouldn't know Interviewer: What about to get them started you'd tell them? 662: Giddy up Interviewer: mm-kay And to stop them? 662: Whoa Interviewer: And to make them back up? 662: I don't know {C: laughter} {NW} Interviewer: And um the inside part of the cherry the part that you don't eat you call that the? 662: Pit Interviewer: mm-kay What about in a peach? 662: Stone Interviewer: And you know that part inside the stone? You know if you if you 662: The heart Interviewer: mm-kay And the kind of peach you have to cut the stone out of? 662: What you mean a free stone? Interviewer: Mm-kay what other kind? There's free stone and then there's? 662: I don't know Interviewer: Is it easy or hard to get the the stone out of the free stone? 662: I don't know a free stone is a free stone peach it doesn't have a stone. That's all I get are the free stone peach in a can the stone's gone already. Interviewer: uh huh okay um What about the part of the apple that you don't eat? 662: The core Interviewer: And if you cut up apples and dry them you say you are making? 662: I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear of snip? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: And what kind of nuts grow around here? 662: Nuts uh pecans pecans that's all I can think of. Interviewer: What about a a kind of nut that what kind of nut would you use if you were making cookies or something? 662: Pecans Interviewer: What else? What kinds could you buy at the store? 662: Oh walnuts Interviewer: mm-hmm What about the kind of nut that's shaped like your eye? 662: Oh a peanut Interviewer: mm-kay Any other name for peanut? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: Did you ever hear of pindars? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: mm-hmm What about um the kind of nut you'd buy around Christmas? It's flat if you buy it already out of the shell then it's it's flat and white. 662: Oh almonds Interviewer: mm-kay And tell me about that walnut did you ever see a walnut just off a tree? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: mm-kay but I was going to ask you um you know they got two coatings on them do you ever? 662: I didn't know that. Interviewer: A kind of fruit that grows down in Florida? 662: Grapefruit oranges Interviewer: mm-kay Say you had a bowl of oranges and one day you went in to get one and there weren't any left you'd say the oranges are? 662: Gone Interviewer: mm-kay What sort of things would grow in a garden? {NW} 662: What sort of things you'd grow in a garden? Tomatoes lettuce butter beans string beans egg plant bell peppers squash pumpkin Interviewer: Are there different kinds of squash? 662: Yeah there are there's squash yeah you have uh we grow the white squash down here. Interviewer: mm-hmm What does that look like? 662: It's uh round it's round but flattened. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And it has a a scalloped edge. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And it's good make a squash pie. Interviewer: What about um you mention the um tomatoes what do you call the ones that don't get any bigger than this? 662: Cherry tomatoes Interviewer: mm-kay And you mentioned string beans is there another name for them? 662: String beans green beans? Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 662: mm-hmm Interviewer: What about snap beans? 662: Snap beans Interviewer: #1 that's # 662: #2 that's the same thing # Interviewer: What about um butter beans? 662: Lima beans Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 662: Same thing Interviewer: And if you wanted to uh what would you have to do to butter beans to get the beans out you have to 662: Oh peel peel 'em shuck um what do you call it? I don't know. Snap 'em. No I don't know. Interviewer: What about shell them? 662: Shell them yeah right yeah that's it you shell butter beans. Interviewer: uh huh And this is something that a little red thing that grows down in the ground you put it in salad maybe? 662: Beets Interviewer: No it's something that's only about this big 662: Radishes Interviewer: mm-kay And along with your meats you might have a baked? 662: Potato Interviewer: What different kinds of potatoes are there? 662: Irish white that's it. Interviewer: Irish? 662: Irish potatoes and white potatoes Interviewer: What's the difference? 662: White potato has a um a mealier meat and the skin is uh brown it's it's has um a coarser jacket Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And in the Irish potato is um juicier Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And the shape's different too. Irish potatoes uh longer Interviewer: mm-hmm Are they what color are they on the outside? 662: What which one? The Irish? Red Interviewer: mm-hmm What about the inside? 662: White Interviewer: What about the um another kind of potato? 662: Sweet potato Interviewer: uh huh What different kinds of sweet potatoes are there? 662: I don't know all I know is that some people call them sweet potatoes and some people call them yams there's supposed to be a difference but I don't know I don't know the difference. Interviewer: uh huh 662: You know Interviewer: What about um something that has a strong odor and make your eyes water if you cut it? 662: Onions Interviewer: uh huh What do you call those little onions that you that would be about this big you know and you they have the the stalk to them. And 662: Shallots Interviewer: mm-kay And if you leave a plum laying around it will dry up and get smaller you say that it'll do what? 662: Dehydrate Interviewer: mm-kay Well what would you say bacon does when you when you fry it? 662: What would you say bacon does? You cook it and the fat melts Interviewer: And it it 662: Shrivels Interviewer: mm-kay And um something that's a leafy vegetable? 662: Lettuce Interviewer: Or something else like that? 662: Cabbage Interviewer: mm-kay And talking about several of those you'd say? Several? 662: Heads of cabbage Interviewer: mm-kay And um would you ever use that word heads talking about children? Say someone had six children to say he had six heads of children? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: What about someone who had about fourteen children you say he really had a? 662: A brood {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever say a castle? 662: uh uh Interviewer: And um say you take the tops of the turnips and cook them and make a mess of? 662: Turnip greens Interviewer: mm-kay What other kinds of greens besides turnips do you eat? 662: Spinach Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: Greens? Lettuce is green uh cabbage broccoli. No that's not greens. Oh you talking about green vegetables in general or crispy greens? Interviewer: Just greens 662: Turnip greens Interviewer: You ever have poke? 662: Mustard greens Interviewer: uh huh Did you ever hear of poke? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: Poke salad 662: mm-mm I've heard the song {NW} I've never seen it. {NW} Interviewer: What are the um used in gumbo? 662: File {C: French} Interviewer: huh? 662: File {C: French} you mean Interviewer: What's file? {C: French} 662: File is the {C: French} the stuff that you use to thicken your gumbo that's ground sassafras leaves. Interviewer: They call that file? 662: F-I-L-E with a little {NW} over the E Interviewer: What else what kind of vegetables do they put into? 662: Okra Interviewer: uh huh 662: onions Interviewer: And um something that um they get from the kinds of seafood they get from the gulf they trap in nets? 662: Shrimp Interviewer: mm-kay If you were gonna buy some of those you'd you'd ask for two or three pounds of? 662: Shrimp Interviewer: And something that comes in a shell? 662: Oyster Interviewer: And um the kind of corn that is tender enough to eat off the cob? 662: Corn on the cob boiled corn Interviewer: uh huh any other names for that? 662: No Interviewer: Did you ever hear roast roasting ears 662: mm-mm Interviewer: What about mutton corn? 662: No Interviewer: And the outside of the ear of corn? 662: I'm drawing a blank corn shucks. Interviewer: mm-kay What about the stringy stuff? 662: Corn silk Interviewer: And the thing that grows at the top of the corn stalk? You know that little bunch sort of thing? 662: Yeah I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear tassel or tossel? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: And what different kinds of melons grow around here? 662: Uh cantaloupe watermelon Interviewer: Did you ever hear of mushmelon? 662: Mushmelon my grandmother used to call it mushmelon and all it was was cantaloupe. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about are there different kinds of watermelon? 662: There's different kinds but I don't know. Some of them are round are dark green and the others are light green with the dark green stripes in it and longer. Interviewer: uh huh What about um say if it had rained for awhile something that would spring up in the woods or fields after it had rained just little umbrella shaped things? 662: Mushrooms Interviewer: mm-kay any other name for them? 662: Toad stools Interviewer: Is that the same thing? 662: No Interviewer: What's the difference? 662: Well down here you can go and get fresh mushrooms that grow off the willow trees and it it it almost looks like an an oyster shell you know similar to it and it's delicious in chicken stew and stuff like that and then the toad stew has the little stem and the dome top. Interviewer: Does it grow on the ground? 662: On the ground mm-hmm. Interviewer: #1 Not on the # 662: #2 It can grow on # tree stumps and on the ground as well Interviewer: Can you eat the toad stew? 662: No not that I know of. There's different kinds of mushrooms that resemble the toad stews that you can get at the can in the B and B. {NW} Interviewer: Um say if um you might say well that that soup is so hot that it's it's all I can do to the soup is so hot I can barely? 662: Swallow Interviewer: mm-kay or something that people smoke made out of tobacco? 662: Cigarettes Interviewer: And something else? 662: Cigars Interviewer: And say someone asked you about doing a certain job whether you were able to you'd say sure I do it sure I? 662: Can Interviewer: How how would you say that? 662: Sure I can do it. Interviewer: mm-kay And if you weren't able to do it you'd say no I? 662: Can't Interviewer: And something that you just refuse to do? 662: Can't {C: pronunciation difference} {NW} Interviewer: Would you say can't 662: I say can't sometimes {C: pronunciation difference} Interviewer: uh huh What about if there is something that you just refuse to do you might say? 662: Won't Interviewer: mm-kay And say there was a really bad accident up the road but there wasn't any need to call the doctor because by the time we got there the person was what dead was? 662: Pronounced Interviewer: or would you say he's done dead or was already dead? 662: He was already dead. Interviewer: Would you ever say done? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: Already you ever say have you ever heard of that around here? 662: Done you mean use done before? Interviewer: To mean to use the word done to mean already. Like you say the meat's done spoiled or the meat? 662: Oh yeah yeah Interviewer: Would you ever say that yourself? 662: I don't think I do but I've heard it you know maybe I don't know I don't think I do though. Interviewer: And you know gun fighters on television for for every man they kill they cut a little 662: Notch Interviewer: mm-kay And you'd say um at this time of the year say say if the corn season was a little short you'd say well at this time of the year the corn what taller the corn if the corn isn't as tall as you as it was last year you say this time of the year the corn? 662: Is shorter Interviewer: mm-kay or it's not as tall as it? 662: Was Interviewer: And you might tell a child you're not doing what you what do you're not doing what you your child is misbehaving you tell them that you're not doing what you? 662: Should Interviewer: mm-kay Or another way of saying that you're not doing what you what to do? You say what? 662: Being told Interviewer: uh huh Well would you say what you ought to do or 662: Oh Interviewer: huh? 662: You're not doing what you oughta do yeah Interviewer: Or say if a child got a whipping you'd say I bet he did something he 662: Shouldn't do are we back on that or? Interviewer: Using the word ought you'd say? 662: Ought not to do you mean? Interviewer: Mm-kay and 662: I don't usually say that I just say I betcha he did something wrong Interviewer: {NW} And say if um if I ask you if you'll be able to do maybe some work next week or something you might say well I'm not sure if I can do it but I 662: I'll try Interviewer: Or I might 662: Be able to do it Interviewer: Do you ever say I might could? 662: Uh uh Interviewer: Do you ever does that sound funny to you do you ever hear it or? 662: Uh I don't know I might could do it yeah that sounds familiar. Interviewer: What's that? 662: It sounds familiar. Interviewer: How how would people use it around here? 662: I might could do it sounds like it would be used down here I don't I think so. I've really never paid it any attention you know. Interviewer: Yeah 662: To these expressions Interviewer: Um the kind of bird that you'd see in the dark? 662: An owl Interviewer: mm-kay What do you call a small kind of owl? 662: A hoot owl Interviewer: What? 662: A screech owl Interviewer: uh huh What about um did you ever hear any superstitions about owls? 662: Mm-hmm The old people used to think when you'd hear a screech owl there would be a death in the family. Interviewer: Really? 662: Uh huh Interviewer: What what would they do about it? #1 Anything? # 662: #2 Nothing # They that's what they used to believe if a screech owl would come around your house and you'd hear a screech owl there would be a death. Interviewer: Did um did you ever hear any things about um did you ever hear them called the death owl? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: What about um did you ever hear of doing things to make the owl stop screeching? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: You like grab your wrist or turn your pocket inside out or? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: What about a kind of bird that drills holes in trees? 662: Woodpecker Interviewer: mm-kay What do you call the large ones? 662: A big woodpecker {NW} Interviewer: mm-kay Did you ever hear any other names? 662: Uh Uh no Interviewer: What about um turning the name around did you ever hear it called peckerwood? 662: Uh uh Interviewer: Did you ever hear did you ever hear the word peckerwood at all? 662: Uh uh Interviewer: Um and a kind of black and white animal that stinks? 662: A skunk Interviewer: Mm-kay any other name for him? 662: uh uh Interviewer: Polecat or civvy cat or? 662: I've heard of a pole cat but I wouldn't associate it with a skunk. Interviewer: What would you associate a pole cat with? 662: Like a bobcat Interviewer: mm-hmm Just a a large? 662: Yeah a wild cat you know Interviewer: Say some animals have been coming and killing the chickens what general name would you have for the kind of animals that would do that sort of thing? Like you'd say I'm gonna get a gun and kill those? Did you ever use the word varmint? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: Are you are you familiar? 662: I'm familiar with the word but it's not used down here too much. Interviewer: Uh huh What would people say? 662: {NW} Down here {NW} I'm gonna take the gun and shoot those S-O-B's {NW} Interviewer: What about the word varmint? 662: Uh uh No Interviewer: Um and a bushy tailed animal that gets up in the trees? 662: Gets up in the trees? A cat Interviewer: Or just a something just a bushy tailed animal about this size? 662: Oh a squirrel Interviewer: Uh huh What different kinds of squirrels are there? 662: I don't know A flying squirrel and a regular squirrel {NW} Interviewer: Do you ever see them different colors or anything like red or gray or? 662: I've seen yeah the brown and I've seen the reddish one and I've seen one with a little bit more gray {NW} Interviewer: Did you ever hear a special name for the reddish one? #1 A fox squirrel # 662: #2 A fox squirrel # Interviewer: What's that? 662: A fox squirrel Interviewer: uh huh What about the other kind? 662: I don't know Interviewer: And something kind of like a squirrel that has little stripes down its back? 662: Chipmunk Interviewer: mm-kay And what different fish do people get around here? 662: Sacalait {C: French pronunciation} perch red fish drum sheepshead catfish um choupique {C: French pronunciation} trout Interviewer: What's the choupique one? 662: A choupique is {C: French pronunciation} an old-timey fish they used to they jokingly called it a cypress trout and it's a it's a bloody bloody fish when you cut it open and bleeds plenty. Interviewer: What about the sacalait? 662: Sacalait {C: French pronunciation} that's like a white perch. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about um from the salt water? 662: Oh the salt water well you could get drum, sheepshead, red fish um {D: tarpon} um trout channel mullets catfish Interviewer: mm-hmm Do the um 662: Flounder Interviewer: huh? 662: Flounder Interviewer: uh huh Do the sheepshead and drum do do they um they're able to stay in the fresh or salt water or was it a different kind of? 662: I don't know I think I think they both salt water fish I'm not sure. Mama could tell you that, I don't know. Interviewer: #1 She's the one who does all the fishing? # 662: #2 Yeah she's the fishing expert # Interviewer: {NW} Do they have big boats does your mother have a a big boat? 662: Uh she don't have a boat she goes out there and surf fishes Interviewer: #1 Way down the # 662: #2 On the surf # Interviewer: Does she catch big fish? 662: She caught a twenty six pound red last year that beat the red fish rodeo champion two weeks later. {D: And she caught a hundred and something pound garth fish out there.} Interviewer: A hundred and something pound fish? 662: mm-hmm with a pin reel. Interviewer: You mean just by casting out? 662: #1 Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # How how did she ever bring it in? 662: Well she had help I mean you know. But she fought it for over an hour. That's a tough ol' gal. Interviewer: Seems like a fish that size would {NW} 662: She knows how to play a fish no she knows how to play a fish. She's good Interviewer: How would they ever bring a fish like that in? Seems like they just have to get out in a boat or something. 662: No because you can bring them in on a surf I mean you know. Usually you have to go out because there is good fishing on the rigs by Grand Isle. You know a lot of those fishing parties will go out there because the rigs the structure well a lot of the the food starts growing around the rigs you know and clings on to the to the legs and everything and that draws the smaller fish and then the smaller fish draw the big fish. And that's why the fishing is so good off of Grand Isle that's why they catch all those big fish. Interviewer: Are you allowed to just go out? 662: Mm-hmm yeah anybody can go out there and just get out there in your boat and go ahead and fish. They also have a scuba a rodeo out there. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: Spear fishing and The little town doesn't look like much but there's riches off you know right out right out there in the gulf. Interviewer: Can you swim out there? 662: The beaches are filthy. There's a Interviewer: Oil spills and stuff? 662: Uh it's not necessarily oil spills, it's just that they use the gulf for a garbage can. You know what I mean? Interviewer: Yeah 662: And uh the beach is pretty messy there's a they swim out there. There's a a little park a little public park where I mean oh in the summer time you have Winnebagos and star crafts and apaches and tents and everything else. It's a popular spot. Interviewer: Yeah 662: And a lot of the richer people around here all have beautiful camps out there beautiful camps. Interviewer: #1 Was that area # 662: #2 Just go to relax. # Interviewer: Was that area hurt much when the the floods last year. By Lafourche and 662: No it doesn't get hurt from the floods it gets hurt from the hurricanes. I mean a whole island can get covered you know in no time at all when the hurricane's getting ready to hit. Interviewer: How come the the oil rigs stood up to the hurricanes or did they? 662: Oh yeah but an oil rig can withstand hurricane force plus more it really has to be a real bad storm to knock down a rig. Interviewer: So 662: Cause they usually keep a skeleton crew out there on the rig anyway during a hurricane. Interviewer: What do you mean a skeleton crew? 662: Just a few men Interviewer: {X} 662: I wouldn't either it's scary Interviewer: What about something that you hear making a noise around the lake at night? A little animal sort of thing hops around 662: A frog Interviewer: uh huh What do you call the big ones? 662: A bull frog Interviewer: mm-hmm And those little ones that come out after rain? 662: The little toad frogs the little rain frogs Interviewer: uh huh The toad frog stays on land doesn't he? 662: As far as I know Interviewer: uh huh What about um a hard shelled thing that can pull its neck and legs into its shell? 662: A snail no? Interviewer: No you know something that maybe like this and it can pull its neck and legs. 662: Oh a turtle Interviewer: uh huh Where do they stay? 662: Everywhere anywhere they want. Interviewer: Land or water? 662: Land and water Interviewer: uh huh What about the kind any special name for the kind that just stays in water or just stays in land or something? 662: Uh This is like a quiz because as far as I know it the kind that stays out in the deep water is called a sea turtle and the kind that just stays in the land like the desert is called a tortoise. Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear of a cooter? 662: Uh uh Interviewer: A gopher? And this is something that um when people eat it around here its got 662: Crabs crawfish Interviewer: mm-kay And say if you wanted to go fishing what would you dig up to go fishing with? 662: Worms Interviewer: Any special kinds or? 662: Red wigglers Interviewer: mm-hmm What about a little fish you can use for bait? 662: Shiners Interviewer: And say if um if you left a light on out on the porch an insect would fly around the light and try to fly into it that would be a? 662: Moth Interviewer: mm-kay And talking about several of those You'd talk about several? 662: Moths Interviewer: And what about the insect that has a light in its tail? 662: A firefly Interviewer: mm-kay any other name? 662: Lightning bug Interviewer: mm-kay And kind of a a kind of an insect that will bite you and make you itch? 662: {NW} There's plenty like that mosquito Interviewer: mm-kay What about an insect that's got it's about this size its got big wings on it shiny wings its got a long sort of beak it's supposed to eat mosquitoes? 662: Oh a mosquito hawk Interviewer: mm-kay Any other name for them? 662: Dragonfly Interviewer: mm-hmm Did you ever hear snake doctor or snake feeder 662: mm-mm Interviewer: And a little tiny um red insect that would get on you if you went blackberry picking? 662: Red ant I mean red bugs Interviewer: mm-kay Any other name for them? 662: Just red bugs down here Interviewer: What about a kind of insect that hops around in the grass? 662: Cricket, grasshopper Interviewer: Mm-kay did you ever hear them called hopper grass? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: And um the kind of insect that will sting you? What different? 662: A spider will sting you Interviewer: uh huh What do you call the the thing that a spider builds across a bush? 662: Web Interviewer: huh? 662: Spider web Interviewer: uh huh What about something similar to that up in the corner or ceiling of some place? 662: Cobweb Interviewer: mm-kay Would you ever call it a cobweb if it's outside? 662: No {NW} Interviewer: Would the spider have built the cobweb inside though? 662: Inside yeah Interviewer: And the kind of insect that flies around and that stings? You have bees and what else? 662: Hmm wasps Interviewer: You talk about several of those you talk about several? 662: Wasps Interviewer: mm-kay 662: {NW} Interviewer: What about um what else besides the wasps? 662: Yellow jackets hornets Interviewer: Where do yellow jackets build their nests? 662: I really don't know cause some of them they call dirt daubers and I don't know the difference between the dirt daubers and the the kind that bite and the kind doesn't bite. You know? Interviewer: What about um you know the parts of the tree {NW} that grow under the ground those are called? 662: Roots Interviewer: Did you ever hear of people using certain kinds of roots or vines for medicine? 662: I've heard of it yeah. Interviewer: Do you remember what any of the roots were? 662: Uh no Interviewer: What about um what different kinds of trees grow around here? 662: Cyprus Oak pine citrus {D: free da} trees different kinds mandarins grapefruit oranges uh cedar mimosa all that I can think of right now so. Interviewer: What about a kind of tree thats got long white limbs and white scaly bark that you can peel off got little knobs of balls on it? 662: I don't know Interviewer: Did you ever hear of syc- sycam- did you ever hear of sycamore? 662: I've heard of a sycamore tree but I wouldn't know what it looks like I couldn't identify one. Interviewer: What about the the kind of tree that George Washington cut down? 662: Cherry tree Interviewer: And the state tree from Louisiana? 662: Cyprus Interviewer: What about the state tree in Mississippi? 662: I don't know Interviewer: Well you know it's a real common tree I thought it was the state tree of Louisiana but its got um big white flowers. 662: Oh a magnolia Interviewer: uh huh 662: Really the state tree of Louisiana is the cypress the the flower is the magnolia but the state tree is the cypress. Interviewer: mm-kay 662: {NW} Interviewer: Any other name for the magnolia tree? 662: No Interviewer: Did you ever hear of cowcumber or cucumber? 662: mm-mm Interviewer: What about um the kind of tree that they tap for syrup? 662: Maple tree Interviewer: mm-kay If you had a big group of those growing together you'd call that a? 662: I don't know grow Interviewer: mm-kay and this is a kind of a a shrub or bush the leaves turn bright red in the fall its got clusters of berries on it? 662: Holly? Interviewer: Or the leaves turn red though. 662: Oh the leaves no I don't know. Interviewer: Did you ever hear of sumac or shoe-make? 662: Uh uh Interviewer: What about a kind of a flowering bush called rhododendron or spoon wood or mountain laurel you ever heard of those? 662: I've heard of them but I'm not a I'm not too much of a horticulturist I don't know too much about ah greenery and shrubs and I've heard of it you know. Interviewer: Which which ones have you heard of? 662: I've heard of rhododendron that's supposed to be a houseplant I believe {NW} pause in this houseplant I've heard of laurel but I don't know what um Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: it looks like. Interviewer: What um 662: {NW} Interviewer: different kinds of of berries grow around here? 662: Oh the black berry Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: and the dew berry which is almost the same thing but it's bigger I believe. {NW} Berries and then you have your holly berries your holly bushes. {NW} Interviewer: What about a a berry? 662: Strawberries Interviewer: uh huh I don't know if this grows around here but it's some of them are red some are red and black its got a rough surface to it. You ever hear it starts with an r? Ras- 662: raspberry Interviewer: uh huh Does that grow here? 662: Not that I know of {NW} Interviewer: What kinds of um bushes or vines would make your skin break out if you touched them? 662: Poison Ivy Interviewer: Anything else? 662: Poison oak {NW} Interviewer: uh huh How can you recognize them? 662: Poisons sumac my little girl is allergic to poison ivy and I I don't know well the poison ivy has the little a I think the three the cluster of three leaves. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: And the the runner you know the stem like it has a fuzzy appearance. Interviewer: mm-hmm What about the other thing you mentioned poison? 662: Poison oak and poison sumac but I don't know what it looks like. Interviewer: mm-hmm 662: But I know my little girl is allergic to poison ivy. Interviewer: And um say if a married woman didn't want to make up her own mind about something she'd say well I have to ask? 662: You mean her partner? Her husband Interviewer: uh huh Any joking way she'd refer to him? 662: {NW} My better half Interviewer: mm-kay And what would he say he'd say I have to ask? 662: My old lady {NW} Interviewer: Or 662: My better half it all depends on how he feels about her. Interviewer: But what what just what other just common way 662: I have to ask my husband I have to ask my wife Interviewer: uh huh And a woman who has lost her husband she's called a? 662: Widow Interviewer: What if her husband just left her then she'd be a? 662: {NW} In a bad shape {C: laughter} Interviewer: Did you ever hear the expression grass widow? 662: Yeah I've heard the expression Interviewer: What's that? 662: A grass widow I guess that's what it means. Interviewer: {X} 662: No no Interviewer: And the man whose child you are he's your? 662: The man that's my father Interviewer: mm-kay and his wife is your? 662: My mother Interviewer: And together they're your? 662: Parents Interviewer: How did what did uh what did you call your father or what do children call their father now? 662: Daddy you mean the Interviewer: uh huh 662: common name daddy Interviewer: Is that what you called your father? 662: That's what I called my father daddy. Interviewer: What about um before that an old fashioned do people do people in say your mothers' generation do they use the word daddy? 662: Yeah Interviewer: What about your mother what did you call her? 662: Mama Interviewer: And your fathers' father would be your? 662: Down here they say grandpa or grandma Interviewer: And something on wheels that you could put a baby in and it will lie down? 662: Carriage Interviewer: mm-kay And you put the baby in the carriage and then you go out and what the baby? 662: Stroll Interviewer: And say you had two children you might say you have a son and a? 662: Daughter Interviewer: And if a boy has the same color hair and eyes as his father has and the same shaped nose you say that he? #1 What? # 662: #2 Resembles his father # Interviewer: Any other way of saying that? 662: Looks like his father. Interviewer: What if he has the same mannerisms and behaviors? 662: He's a carbon copy Interviewer: mm-kay And you say Bob is five inches taller this year you say in one year Bob? 662: Grew Interviewer: mm-kay and you say he certainly have? 662: Grown Interviewer: Mm-kay and if a child is misbehaving you tell them if you do that again you're gonna get a? 662: Whipping Interviewer: Anything else? 662: Punishment {NW} Interviewer: Uh huh and {NW} say if a if a woman was gonna have a child you say that she's? 662: Pregnant Interviewer: Any other way of saying that?