Interviewer: {NS} Now I was I never had heard of one of those things and I was just amazed 678: Are you ready Interviewer: Yeah 678: Well this uh {X} We were referring to Is simply Some uh Boards What we called one-by wides #1 Which might be # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: One-by-sixes one-by-eights one-by-twelves Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But they're made out of uh Strong {NS} Strong timbers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh {NW} It has a pointed nose Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: It had what we called bunks across it To load the logs on bunks were probably eight nine ten inches high Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And you just simply roll logs on there and hook the team to the mud bolt Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And where this thing eh where the front buck is you saw across the mud bolt Probably A eighth or Three sixteenths of an inch Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And when the team hooks onto it that lets the nose of it bend up Interviewer: Oh I see 678: And uh you slide that through the water and across the ridges Well as you use it The ridge cuts down and makes a what we call a mud bolt run Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh uh-huh # 678: #2 See # Right through the woods you just go wherever you want it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: In s- In some of the woods around here you can still see signs of the old mud bolt run Interviewer: Oh 678: The slews the thing would more or less slowed or slide real easy But when you hit the ridges {X} Where they It had to wear out {D: its own rut} Wagons wouldn't stand up in it see Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Too marry too soft so they used mud bolts Interviewer: Oh I was just really amazed by that I #1 Never even heard of that # 678: #2 I wish I would have kept # Kept pictures #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: But we didn't make many pictures back then Interviewer: Oh yeah I guess you didn't course they didn't seem like it would be #1 That important # 678: #2 Not important # Interviewer: Then 678: Just like now uh I try to encourage young kids to make pictures of certain things #1 And keep them # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: That'd be so interesting you know {X} Interviewer: Well uh one of these too you know you had in there 678: {X} Interviewer: You had been telling me yesterday about your grandfather when when the snow was coming through uh On his ear And you said it but in there you said that it um not only did it it turn blue but I think you said that it uh 678: Bursted Interviewer: Yeah yeah that it uh 678: I don't know that you grew up on a farm or not but {NW} And uh That old roosters You know these you've seen roo- roosters uh and uh their gills hang down Interviewer: Yes uh-huh 678: Well it was uh nothing uncommon for them to freeze Those gills to freeze {NS} {X} And they would be Just like like one big mass of blood Interviewer: {NW} 678: #1 And sometimes it would # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Kill them and that's the way my grandfather's ear Interviewer: Oh 678: Blowed Interviewer: Oh well I just couldn't even imagine #1 that after you said that that was # 678: #2 {NW} # But now did we go to the doctor no Interviewer: #1 No {NW} # 678: #2 {NW} # I don't remember what What they did my mother probably put a post or something on it Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: We didn't go to the doctor Seldom Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I couldn't remember hardly ever being any medicine in our home Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Chill tonic Something like Interviewer: Oh yeah you might have some chill to- what was chill tonic made of 678: Quinine mostly {X} And had something to break it down to make Sweeten it up so it wouldn't taste so bad Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Take too much of it and your head would roar and you couldn't hear Interviewer: Oh really oh gosh um where did people keep their milk and butter mostly 678: Well I {X} Didn't we cover that Interviewer: #1 Yeah we covered it # 678: #2 Yesterday # Interviewer: But uh I was wondering if there was any it was right when we got to the end and I was wondering if there was anything we left out we #1 Talked about it # 678: #2 Uh # I don't believe so #1 We as like as I said # Interviewer: #2 Okay # 678: Some of them had Dirt cellars Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 And they would keep cool down there but # Interviewer: #2 Yeah mm-hmm # 678: Most of them Including my mama {NW} Kept it around the pump #1 The old pump # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm yeah # 678: And we built a Wooden Box around it #1 And # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: And uh Oh we had a hole around something like four or five or six or eight inches deep #1 And and that was # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Covered with bricks Floored with bricks And once the bricks got cool you know from the cool water then they'd stay that way in the house practically all day long Interviewer: Well now did everybody have their own uh cows for milk I mean everybody if you Wanted #1 Milk # 678: #2 Generally # Yes at uh {X} There was no such thing when I was a child growing up As going to the store and buying milk here here in the rural areas Interviewer: No 678: Certainly in the cities #1 Why they had the # Interviewer: #2 Oh in the cities # Did they have uh 678: Lot of people in the cities uh kept cows Interviewer: Oh they did 678: Lots of them Interviewer: Well now did they when did you remember when they would begin to have those plants that processed milk what did they call them 678: Well didn't they call it pasteurizing Interviewer: Uh-huh and and the plant was called the uh it's the same thing they call it now I didn't know Do you 678: #1 I don't really remember # Interviewer: #2 Remember when when they first # Began to have dairies 678: Yeah {X} I remember my first uh hearing of them {NW} Another thing that happened Well I believe you read that in my My Memoirs I call it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: My dad went to Mississippi to Look into the possibility of buying a dairy farm Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And that's my first #1 Experience # Interviewer: #2 That was the first # 678: To realize well there is such thing as a dairy farm Interviewer: #1 As a dairy farm yeah # 678: #2 We just yeah we # Just milked Two or three cows But uh There that was for sale #1 That was for the public # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} And I say two or three cows when you had uh four or five or six or seven in your family {NW} It would take more than one cow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: See cows will only give milk so long between breeding times And We had to keep them Bred Or they would Aux: Hello I hate to interrupt you Interviewer: Oh 678: It's not always this way Interviewer: It's not always this way 678: Sometimes I slip off {D: while fishing} Interviewer: Oh you do 678: Are you ready Interviewer: Yeah 678: I was talking about the the cows #1 I believe # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} The only way we could perpetuate our milk and butter was to have these cows being bred at intervals to where they Interviewer: Oh I 678: #1 See # Interviewer: #2 See # So that there would always be one that was giving 678: It'd take nine months for the calf to be born Interviewer: Oh sure 678: And then the cow would give milk uh Well some of them a year and some of them was two years or even longer Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But you couldn't take a chance on one giving milk Two years Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: If you over accumulate on your cows by breeding well then you sold one See Interviewer: Oh 678: {X} Interviewer: So that's how it was all planned out 678: #1 Yeah you had to you had to # Interviewer: #2 I always wondered about that um # 678: Perpetuate it and Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Uh Oh I'd say ninety Five percent of the people in these rural areas owned a cow or #1 Cows # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: Now there was a few people then that uh Were ne'er-do-wells and Simply lived off of the land and people gave them milk Interviewer: Mm-hmm oh and people gave them milk 678: Yeah just yeah {X} Didn't sell it Interviewer: They didn't 678: #1 Sell it at all # Interviewer: #2 Give it away # They would give it away 678: {X} If you over accumulate you fed to your homes Interviewer: Oh you did 678: And they loved it Interviewer: Oh I didn't know that 678: Oh yes they'd fatten them up to fare you well Interviewer: Oh I didn't know that 678: Did you ever did you ever eat Clabbered milk Interviewer: No I haven't 678: Well cottage cheese you know is a #1 Replacement for it # Interviewer: #2 It's # 678: #1 {NW} Yeah # Interviewer: #2 Oh really for clabbered milk # 678: You let that milk uh Keep it until it went sour And boy that stuff would clabber just eat with a spoon like a {NW} Eating watermelon Interviewer: #1 Really # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: And it was like what cottage cheese it was it similar to what cottage cheese is like now 678: Yeah Excuse me just a {C: whispers} Interviewer: Oh sure 678: {NS} But you've missed something if you haven't got to eat #1 Clabbered milk # Interviewer: #2 No I never have I guess I have # 678: Clabbered milk onions and cornbread Interviewer: #1 Oh really # 678: #2 {NW} # What a what a meal Interviewer: And that would be a meal clabbered 678: {D: Tie lots of people} to make a meal Interviewer: Oh that's good um did you ever what did you do when you were raising cotton 678: What did I personally or Interviewer: Yeah what have you personally done 678: Well {NW} #1 From the from the # Interviewer: #2 Kind of work did you do # 678: From the time I was five year old I started picking cotton Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And that was a way of life #1 Back then # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah 678: Everyone worked And uh {NS} I remember my first Sack To pick from was an old Gunny sack tow sack Interviewer: Oh really 678: And they hung that on men And uh {NW} Why the first thing I done was got it tangled up with cockle-burrs Interviewer: Oh 678: So many burs on it it'd just Tie the thing in a knot Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I remember Wishing I was old enough to have a Regular cotton sack which is made out of ducking you know Interviewer: Oh 678: And I finally grew into that and Interviewer: {NW} 678: And uh of course as soon as I got old enough I {NW} I plowed Interviewer: #1 Oh you did # 678: #2 I pulled the # Plow Uh I may have referred in this {NW} Uh Things that you read uh I drove a log team I was ten year old My dad uh was timber man Interviewer: Was timber man yeah 678: And I He had hard hands and my brother and I had a team each that we drove Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh they had load the logs for me Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I'd drive to town which is about four miles out of the country But my brother and I most of the time managed to unload those logs Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Wonder we hadn't got killed But uh We didn't #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: {NW} Oh we Cleared new ground That was part of your farming was Clearing up more land Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh We would uh {NW} Of course make the hay when hay time come We'd Gather the corn in when that time come We usually Planted peas uh mostly whippoorwill peas and uh corn For Two or three reasons One was to grow seed uh So for hay the next year that was a primary reason The next reason was to We'd pick a few of those things and the going got too rough in the winter we'd eat them We generally grew crowders and #1 Black eyes # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: For eating but Occasionally my mom would switch off and cook us some whippoorwills they pretty good people still eat a lot of them Interviewer: Oh really 678: Mm-hmm {NW} And then another thing the peas would uh {NW} Put back into the land something that #1 To tug away see # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see # Mm-hmm 678: The vines Is good fertilizer good land building Interviewer: Well was was cotton bad for the land 678: Cotton drained it pretty well they Right now if they would plant cotton in this country and and not use chemicals and fertilizers They wouldn't grow much cotton It'd get to the point to where the land would just wear out as far as cotton was concerned But people wised up and began to rotate it they'd plant in In hay Where they had cotton last year perhaps {NW} Plant in hay And then if they {NS} The grass would follow the hay And if they didn't need any of the grass for hay then they would plow that under see Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And rot and that would restore the land Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: If they got uh Sort of diversifying the thing before agriculture {X} Agencies come along and taught them a better way Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And that was about the routine on our farm Interviewer: Well now uh if you were talking about a field and a patch would those be the same thing to #1 You # 678: #2 Mm-mm # A field is uh Well you could re- Refer to your field as your whole acreage #1 So you owned # Interviewer: #2 I see # 678: the eighty acres well back when I was A Young feller {X} One family could cultivate forty acres of land Interviewer: Yeah 678: It'd take one good team Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh {NS} Four or five people to chop the cotton Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Pick the cotton Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: You'd put about twenty-five acres of that forty in cotton And the other fifteen had to go to feed your Stock Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Your hogs Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And your Cows #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Your horse your plowing stock Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And it uh it it Forty acres would make a full load for a family Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: And if you was a two teamed farmer #1 Why two crop # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Farmer You had to have your hard hand or two for an extremely large family Interviewer: Mm-hmm oh I see you were an extremely large #1 Family right # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: To get it all done 678: Where one man now can take four or five people and cultivate two or three thousand acres Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But it took a good sized family to cultivate forty acres and do it right Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And make a living off #1 Of it # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: But they did Interviewer: Um what one of the things I was really interested in in there was you said that in those days that the stock just went at at at will I mean it wasn't 678: Yeah we didn't have a stock loss Interviewer: Yeah you didn't #1 Yeah and no one # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Hears # 678: #2 During the # Interviewer: About that 678: During the summer Of course we would plow our stock {NW} But during the Well during this during the spring These uh Heifers that were supposed to drop calves later on Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And they they what we called uh Cows that had gone dry Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} And maybe some Uh Bull yearlings Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Steers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: or extra They just would run out into the woods Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Graze wild And we branded them #1 Kind of like they do out in the # Interviewer: #2 Oh yeah # 678: Did out west Interviewer: Uh-huh mm-hmm 678: My dad's uh brand was registered it was uh {NW} It was what we call a {NW} Uh Let me see if I can remember The left ear had a What they call a crop which is just the end of their ears cut off Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And the other two had a crop And uh it was what they called a swallow fork Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: That was his brand Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh then on their hip We had a round branding iron #1 A circle # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: With a M in it Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: And we called ours a circle M Interviewer: A circle M 678: M was for Moon Interviewer: M for Moon sure 678: And uh #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That was # Really like out west 678: Yeah Interviewer: {X} 678: And and we'd brand them and that fall we'd put uh Well say we'd turn a Cow that we didn't need out with her little calf Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: And uh that fall why we'd get out in the woods everybody would round up for cattle Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh Maybe that old calf was about grown by then Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: See Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And the only way you could recognize him would be It was with its mother Interviewer: Oh really 678: A lot of cows would drop uh Calves during the Grazing period during the #1 Summer # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Mm-hmm 678: And the only way that people would know it belonged to them was because it would be with their cow Interviewer: Oh and that would be the only way they know 678: Yeah and that was kind of fun you know to get out with the grown-ups and help round up those cattle Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But we'd drive them in during the winter And uh My dad would call out what he didn't intend to keep and we'd sell them That way you got a little extra money All the feed was for free Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I don't know if the beef was as good as it is now because they'd eat Uh Wild grass and Leaves and whatever they could #1 Browse on # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} But anyhow that's the way we got some of our money Interviewer: Mm-hmm was yeah by getting the extra 678: We'd keep the milk cows that had the new calves and start milking them and And they Why the the male calves we would uh Maybe Butcher one or two and sell it peddled it out you know And the rest of them We'd make arrangements with the butcher shops in Jonesburg Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Deliver Interviewer: Oh 678: Calf or a hog to them #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: It was pretty well planned like it is today little bit slower Interviewer: {NW} Well did they use fences at all 678: #1 Yes # Interviewer: #2 Did they have # 678: Fences were all All our farms were all fenced in Interviewer: Oh they were 678: Had to be because Interviewer: {NW} 678: Lot of these cattle would get out of the Woods and come out and graze along the Roads {NW} Interviewer: #1 Oh I see # 678: #2 Eat eat your # Corn {X} Interviewer: I see 678: Everything had to be fenced and #1 Course we had # Interviewer: #2 W- # 678: Pastures {NS} Uh That we kept our milk cows in and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Our saddle stock We had Pastures sown down and The ones that run wild were those that we didn't need right then Interviewer: I see 678: Surplus stock Interviewer: Surplus stock well now what kinds of fences did they use 678: {NW} We used what we called Hog wire fence it was a woven wire Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: About thirty-six inches High and then on top of that we had anywhere from three to five strands of barbed wire Interviewer: I see uh-huh uh-huh well now this uh this hog wire was it what was it attached to 678: Posts There were posts at every Eight feet Interviewer: There would be a uh 678: Wooden post Interviewer: At every eight feet 678: And we made our own posts Interviewer: And you made your own posts oh I see 678: And we either set them in the ground by digging holes with the post hole digger Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Or we'd sharpen them and drive with a big woolen wooden mallet that would ma- put muscles like that on you #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Wow #1 {NW} Is that how you got that # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: {NW} Good grief #1 I can't believe that # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Wow # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: {NW} 678: But that's uh Interviewer: {NW} 678: That was part of it Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And the wire had to be stretched tight we had wire stretchers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: The woven wire was to keep the Hogs in #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: Now if it had been cattle only we'd have used just barbed wire Interviewer: Just barbed wire 678: Yeah where we made a Temporary pasture just for our cattle why we'd throw up three strands of #1 Barbed wire on about # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: So high so high #1 So high # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} But for hogs you had to Have it low enough and sometimes buried in the ground or they'd #1 Move under see # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Well did people ever use uh like little wooden fences in their yards 678: Oh yes paling we'd call them palings or pickets Interviewer: Palings or #1 Pickets I see # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Well now would palings and pickets be the same thing 678: Yeah #1 Same thing # Interviewer: #2 Just the same thing # A little little white 678: Anywhere from so high to So high depend on #1 How high # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: The kids could jump you know Interviewer: Uh-huh #1 Oh how high the kids could jump # 678: #2 {X} jumping over # Interviewer: Oh that was to keep the kids in or #1 Whatever # 678: #2 That's right # Interviewer: Oh I see um any other fences made out of wood 678: Yeah lots of uh {NW} Same style fences you see around people's home with the boards running Laterally you know Interviewer: Oh 678: #1 That was the # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Like 678: If they didn't use the paling or the picket fence Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Well then they used the the board fence faced about so far apart Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Sometimes it would have a board laid on top of the post likewise little angle made it look better Interviewer: W-w-would that be like what people call rail fences 678: No #1 Rail fences are just # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: Simply {NW} Railings split out of #1 Logs # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: And laid uh Uh You know how they #1 Lean # Interviewer: #2 Oh yes die # I know zig zag 678: There's board fence it's just a straight fence with boards Interviewer: I see 678: Nailed to the post Interviewer: I see 678: #1 We see them around people's homes # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: #1 A lot now # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # Oh yeah I know what you're talking about 678: I'm getting back now to {NW} Something on those hogs Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: One way we kept those hogs from rooting under the fence we would Put ringers in their nose Interviewer: Oh 678: And a little old copper Things uh {NW} Were sharp on each end and you'd {NW} Get that old hog #1 Down and you had some # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: Ringers from kind of like pliers #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: And these rings fit right right in there Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And you'd get him down that his nose got Rough Snout that sticks #1 Out # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: And you'd put about three of those things in there And uh it didn't hurt him except when he'd go to root uh why it was a Perpetual sore on him see Interviewer: Oh 678: Not that it hurt his hurt him in any way except {NW} When he would root why that would irritate that place He wouldn't root Interviewer: Oh and that's how they keep them from #1 Going oh # 678: #2 Now they use electric # Fences #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Oh they use electric # 678: #1 Uh-huh # Interviewer: #2 Fences right # 678: #1 {NW} They never use the ringer # Interviewer: #2 They never # Use the ring anymore that's interesting um did you ever do you know what you'd call a fence or a wall made out of loose rock or loose stone 678: Well {NW} I didn't grow up in the mountains so I couldn't elaborate on that I I know what it is but Interviewer: What would you call if you saw one what would you call it 678: Oh I'd uh {NW} There's two things I would call it one of it I'd call it a {NW} Um A fence made out of rock But uh I understand the reason for that #1 My wife grew up down in # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: In them the #1 Mountains where # Interviewer: #2 ah # 678: {NW} And they would pick these rocks up out of the farm each year #1 And they had to # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Put them somewhere Interviewer: So they j- 678: So well sometime they'd just build a fence out Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Or sometimes they would uh {NW} Fill a Help stop up a gully #1 From washing # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: But each year you know the rain would come and wash out more rocks More rocks That's about all I could #1 Tell you # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: That's just what people's told me about the rocks Interviewer: Um if if you wanted a to make a hen keep laying in the same place what would they put in the nest to fool the hen what do they call 678: {NW} Well we had foolers but I always questioned whether it fooled them or not Interviewer: Oh really? 678: We had uh glass eggs Interviewer: Glass? 678: #1 Made out of glass # Interviewer: #2 Oh they were made out of glass # Glass 678: like an egg Interviewer: #1 Did you ever # 678: #2 But # Interviewer: See any made out of china 678: Oh yeah {NW} Yeah that was a the elaborate ones that Interviewer: Were they called uh 678: Uh I know what they called them Interviewer: #1 Did they call it # 678: #2 Nest eggs # Interviewer: Yeah did they ever call them china eggs 678: uh not that I know of Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Only ones that had the china eggs were those that had money enough to buy them Interviewer: Oh I see #1 Otherwise you used # 678: #2 Glass egg was # Interviewer: Glass they were cheaper 678: That's right and served a purpose Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: What we thought was the purpose but generally A hen will choose her own nest Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Now when you get two that choose the same one then you got to Probably take one out and cage her up for a while Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 678: #2 See # Interviewer: I see 678: They they'll fuss and fight and quarrel over it {NW} But most of the time when they when they choose a nest that's the nest they lay in Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And That's the one they intend to sit on to hatch their Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Young chickens And some of them steal like to steal out you know and hide in bushes or weeds Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We'd {NW} Well we never did know how many chickens we'd own on our farm we'd have Two or three hundred chickens Interviewer: Mm 678: Roosters pullets All sizes and all colors My mother would grow Uh certain name brand but we'd always get some mixed up #1 You know and {D: so forth but} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 678: {NW} A lot of them would hide their nest out and we'd never know they'd hid out until they'd come marching out a bunch of #1 Cute little chickens # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Um what would you use to carry water in 678: Um to the house? Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 678: #2 {NW} # Buckets {X} What we called water buckets Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 678: #2 About # Two and a half gallon buckets some of them were granite Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And some were Pure old Tin zinc Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But {NW} People that Were a little bit uh Careful Would use granite because We were taught in school In our hygiene that Granite wouldn't uh Accumulate germs it wouldn't let germs hang on as well as The zinc and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Tin Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So {NW} Around our place we had Granite Water buckets and granite uh dippers Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: Course uh everyone drank out of the same dipper Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 Oh yeah they did anyway # 678: #2 {NW} # We'd have more than one dipper but we'd have more than one bo- water bucket But uh {NW} We'd have we'd hang a dipper up the side of the water bucket #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Get you a drink of water or go out to pump pump you a fresh drink Interviewer: Mm-hmm would uh what about milk what would they carry milk in 678: Crocks and Churns and Well they originally they would milk in buckets we had regular buckets we milked took to milk the cow #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NS} We'd bring that in then we'd strain it into uh Crocks Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Mostly crocks because that's uh {NW} Was easily handled and they were thick and Would keep cool Interviewer: Mm-hmm Um how about to carry food to the hogs what would they 678: We had what are called slop bucket Interviewer: Oh 678: Yeah Set that {NW} Set that thing outside the house and your re- {D: refills} Went in it Put a lid over it you got it So full why And you'll feed them Interviewer: And go feed the hogs um 678: Getting back to these {NW} Crocks of milk {NW} The One of the big deals for people that love cream now I never did care for pure cow's cream Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But You could milk like this afternoon and And then cool that milk and by morning You would have cream on there a inch thick pure yellow Interviewer: Mm 678: Rich cream {NS} And people loved that you know but I didn't #1 Personally # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: I didn't #1 Like it # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} But then when you When you skimmed it that's what they call skimming the cream off that's where you got your butter see Interviewer: Oh you made the butter from #1 The cream # 678: #2 From the cream # {NW} When you skim that off you had a very Low grade of milk #1 What you call # Interviewer: #2 I see # 678: Skim milk Interviewer: And you call that skim milk 678: Lot of us called it blue john because Interviewer: #1 Blue john # 678: #2 Yeah it almost # Lost the color #1 Sometimes you'd see # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: More water than milk Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And {NW} Now you know they homogenize that stuff #1 And you get # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 678: The The cream That come from the cow you get the cream and the milk All together Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 678: #2 That's why it # Tastes so much better #1 Than milk # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Did when I was a kid {NW} But We we didn't have no way of course homogenizing it And we had to save the cream for the butter Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So as a result uh we only drank the skim milk Interviewer: So that was all you ever drank was 678: We drank all we could hold of it and the rest of it went to the hogs or my mama let some of it Clabber To have clabbered milk Interviewer: Oh {NS} Oh so that was all so have have so you have always you had always drunk the uh the #1 Skim # 678: #2 Yeah milk yeah # {NW} It uh it just proves that uh You do whatever's necessary #1 To # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Exist #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: You do the best you can with what you have And if you're content with that that's the way you will do it a hundred years from now Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But if not why you'll improve Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I remember {NS} In nineteen thirty during the {NW} The The eve of the depression Interviewer: Mm 678: We bought a Delco-Light plant and had liquid lights in our farm home and Interviewer: Oh 678: Also a water pump electric water pump Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Run water to the kitchen and No bathroom no indoor bath but uh Run water to the kitchen and uh Also out to water our stock Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh We went one better my brother and I rigged up a barrel That {NW} We could pump the water into up tall high you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh we'd pump that full of water until the morning Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Then when the sun would hit it you'd almost have scalding water to Take a shower in Interviewer: Oh #1 Really # 678: #2 It it it # Really wasn't a shower just a {X} Interviewer: Oh 678: Faucet the best Way best thing we could get let the water come down on you but #1 In fact # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: It was a good bath see Interviewer: Well was the you mean uh and it would come down out of that 678: #1 Barrel # Interviewer: #2 Barrel # 678: Yeah Mm-hmm Interviewer: And you would open up a faucet #1 On the # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Barrel 678: Un- 'un- Under the barrel and It'd come right down on your head and you'd start washing Interviewer: Oh 678: Pre-runner to the shower #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: {NW} Interviewer: That I never heard of that #1 That's really interesting # 678: #2 Well just # Very few people had #1 Those things # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: They just didn't think of them or #1 Didn't care # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Or wasn't didn't no ingenuity #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: But {NS} We like to call ourself progressive #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: On our farm we kept uh Our fences Clean We We would uh lay by our crops get through with them I would always plow these fence rows out real clean and nice And plant beans around #1 There # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: And we'd have more beans than we would need we'd invite the neighbors in to come pick up some Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 678: #2 Beans # All dry beans then Interviewer: Mm-hmm oh I see 678: No canning Interviewer: #1 No canning # 678: #2 Just # Dry beans put them up in sacks and keep them {NW} All winter {NW} And then on the outside of the fence I'd take one of these old swinging scythes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And cut the weeds Around {X} But uh {NW} Almost a mile of fence that I had along row Interviewer: Oh really that much 678: And we had little Lane led up to our house and I kept that groo- groomed just Uh like we would our yard Interviewer: Mm 678: And Very few farms back {X} Back then would uh Oh they might Sweep their yard uh no no lawnmowers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: My mama Uh My mama's yard was as Clear of grass as this floor Interviewer: Oh 678: She just had her flowers or roses and everything around Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But she'd sweep that yard just like uh Instead of raking it up she'd just take her broom and sweep it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And {NW} We always fussed at her for sweeping it out into our horse lot see Interviewer: Oh uh-huh {NW} 678: Kind of a joke with us you know Interviewer: Yeah 678: But uh {D: Love} Someone said wasn't that a lot of work I said well not anymore than mowing grass Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: #1 I said well # Interviewer: #2 I guess not # 678: She could sweep the yard or we could #1 Help her # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NS} Uh time you could Mow the grass and if you didn't uh if you didn't do that you had weeds and grass come up in your yard and you had to cut them with a hole or #1 Something so # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 678: She kept her yard swept clean {NW} Interviewer: Isn't that funny and now people trying to talk about #1 Grass and # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 And they and she was # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: #1 Trying to keep it out # 678: #2 Sow it and put it out # Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 Yeah we we cut it up # Interviewer: And you cut it up uh what did she use to fry eggs in 678: The old orange skillet Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Cast-iron skillet Interviewer: Cast-iron skillet um how about to uh make biscuits in what would she 678: She had the uh Uh {NW} Well she had a great big huge uh Uh Pan that she kneaded the dough in mixed the dough in Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: I don't remember if it was an oval shape or seemed to me like it She used just a Small alum they just began to make #1 Aluminum # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: #1 So # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: What we would call a dish pan #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Seeming like she finally went to that she'd like Course she had to make up a lot of biscuits Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: There was Five of us children at home and my dad always had the one or two hard hats Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And we never knew how much company we'd have She'd make No telling how many biscuits My wife says that her mother would make as high as a hundred biscuits #1 {D: that'd be them} # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 678: {NW} My mama had these great Big pans you know she had some Made out of tin and she had a few made out of cast-iron Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: She'd make cornbread muffins in #1 That mostly # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 678: But the biscuits mostly were cooked in These big pans and she'd make those biscuits real large biscuits that thick On a cold morning about daylight and boy them things were good Interviewer: Mm I bet 678: Oh we got up to eat in the lamp light you know Interviewer: Oh 678: Whether we were working or not Interviewer: Oh you did 678: Routine Interviewer: Mm-hmm every day 678: Yeah Interviewer: You ate you ate breakfast every day 678: That's right Every day three meals a day Interviewer: Oh you did you ate 678: Sometimes during the winter if we were snowed in {NW} We had a lot more snow as we do now Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: We'd get up a little bit later than usual and Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Wouldn't have but two meals {NW} And Course those kids would gripe about that Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: #1 Always hungry # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: But we'd uh Finally wind up uh popping some corn or Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Parching some Peanuts {NW} And it seemed like we would stay up late but Looking back Now with the kerosene lights and everything I know that In winter Uh It begins to get dark at five o clock #1 Or so # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: We probably went to bed at eight O clock Not never later than #1 Eight o clock # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} And as a result we got all the sleep we needed #1 My dad dad # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Would get us out #1 We'd be up at daylight # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: #1 Watching the sun come up # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Oh you'd be up at sun 678: Yeah Interviewer: #1 Oh # 678: #2 Yeah # We'd eat breakfast in the lamp light {NW} Most the time {NW} During the summer we wouldn't because Uh But We'd be up the same hour we'd #1 We would be # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: We would eat breakfast and be in the fields before six o clock Plow fourteen hours a day Interviewer: Before six o clock 678: That's right Interviewer: Mm 678: Walked behind the cultivator fourteen hours a day Interviewer: Mm 678: {NW} Interviewer: Goodness goodness well what did she use to heat water in if she just wanted some water 678: The tea kettles {NW} Interviewer: How about to cook potatoes in what would she use 678: She had a pot From the when she s- well when she fried them she fried them in the the old Uh On the skillet Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 Cast-iron skillet # Interviewer: #2 And if she boiled them # 678: She boiled them she had a one of those black pots Interviewer: Oh I see 678: Took the eye off of your stove Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And the pot had a Was made to where it fit right on the eye That she had a lid to Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {X} Put the wood to it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And get the Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Take a little longer than Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: The time was uh Wasn't important as it is #1 Now # Interviewer: #2 As it # Seems now 678: No Interviewer: Um what about the eating utensils that you would that you would eat with what would you have 678: Well {NW} We had uh In our home and it's something I've got to remember by that My dad and mother kept Good chinaware Good glassware and And good silverware Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: good uh as was available for our {NS} And probably better than Our income would afford but like I said my {NW} My dad's folk were sort of aristocratic #1 People # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: My mother's people were hustlers #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm {NW} # 678: #1 So we uh # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: We had better than Average Interviewer: Well uh now in the way of silverware and if they were setting the table what would they what would they put by each plate? 678: {NW} They'd uh {X} After After they got into that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Why they would put knife fork and spoon Interviewer: Oh they did 678: But now when I was a small child And on up until My mama w- Would read and see how things was going {NW} They had what they called a spoon holder Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 678: #2 {X} # It was actually a spoon knife and fork holder Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh My daughter still has one that my mother used #1 It's a # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Very valuable Piece of glassware it's uh light blue in color Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But uh you just simply put the knives and the forks and spoons in there #1 When you sit down to # Interviewer: #2 I see # 678: Eat Your plate was there but you grabbed a If you needed just a fork that's what you grabbed Interviewer: I see 678: You needed a fork and knife well you grabbed them See Interviewer: Mm-hmm #1 Oh # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Well I didn't know that #1 Oh # 678: #2 Later on # She got to Went to go setting the table #1 You know the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: S- similar to what they do now #1 Nothing fancy # Interviewer: #2 Um # Uh do they have a like a big knife for cutting meat what was that called 678: Butcher knife Carving knife Interviewer: Mm-hmm now we were talking about yesterday about that reservoir and you were saying that that they would usually take the water to wash the dishes #1 From that reservoir # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: Now they would put it what did they use in soap I mean how would they get them #1 Soapy # 678: #2 {X} # Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 678: #2 {NW} # Well They they had two dishpans Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: One of them was washed they just simply had a bar of soap Interviewer: Mm-hmm And they put the dishes in there and they just took their hands and #1 Yeah # 678: #2 Kinda like this # {NS} And rubbed enough soap off to accumulate a suds Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh Interviewer: The other pan then what did they #1 Do to the other one # 678: #2 The other # Pan they'd uh They When they got them washed Um my mom my mama she was a stickler for cleanliness #1 That's the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Rule I've got to go by #1 She would # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} Rinse them #1 In this other pan # Interviewer: #2 I see # Mm-hmm 678: And uh She had uh she would stack them up #1 After she # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Rinsed them she'd stack them up and then she would dry them and put them in her Safe or her cupboard Where she kept them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And that was before you had rags to Dry them #1 In though # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: But she would wash them And rinse them And stack them and then dry them Interviewer: Um 678: And she made a lot of her own Soap to wash clothes what they called #1 Old lye soap # Interviewer: #2 Oh she # Oh 678: Boiled it outside in a big old kettle Interviewer: Oh 678: also 'n made our own hominy Interviewer: Oh you did and how did they make it outside too 678: Yeah you had to Had to take the corn I don't know how to make it #1 Except uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Vaguely uh We would select The center part of the ear of corn you know on the little the the {NW} Tip end the grains get small and on the butt end why they're kind of wrinkled up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So we would uh shell that off Use it for the stock and in the center it had nice big flat grains Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And we'd Pick white corn to make our hominy out of #1 We'd # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Grow white and yellow both but the white corns why we would use for hominy and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: She she would use uh {NW} Lye merry wore lye #1 To # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Soak that corn in and and it would uh Take the husk off #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: You just have to Handle it Almost a grain at a time you might say but she'd get a handful and of course we'd help her and You just Thump those #1 Husks off # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: And I don't know other processes that she went through #1 But # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Making hominy was Was quite a job it took a good long while #1 More than # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: {NW} Oh that it had to go through a Curing process and also But it was good just as good as you would buy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Sometimes it'd come out a little bit dark but #1 That didn't hurt # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Well um when they were uh back to washing the dishes when they were washing the dishes what would you call the cloth or the rag that you use in? 678: #1 We call it dish rag # Interviewer: #2 Washing # 678: {X} And drying cloth Interviewer: And the drying cloth mm-hmm uh now what about the thing that you would use to wash your face with 678: Wash rag {X} {NW} Interviewer: And after 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 You # After you uh uh washed what would you call what you dry off with 678: A towel Interviewer: Now you were talking about the faucet on the uh on the barrel you said now what about like after you began to have uh at your kitchen sink what the water would come out of What was that called 678: It was a faucet Interviewer: Faucet too now nowadays 678: Just a bi- just a {NW} Just one faucet no hot and cold water #1 Just cold and # Interviewer: #2 Nope just one # Mm-hmm 678: And uh wasn't even a place to attach a hose to it #1 Just a # Interviewer: #2 No # Oh #1 Well now what # 678: #2 {X} # Faucet Interviewer: When they began to have them on the side of a house what would it what did you call it 678: Still called that Interviewer: Still called the faucet on the side of the house um what would uh molasses if you bought molasses what did it come in 678: {NW} Tin {NW} Tin pails buckets Interviewer: Uh-huh how about lard if you bought 678: Well you could buy lard back then uh they'd it'd come in half gallons gallons or Ten gallons Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Containers {NS} #1 We # Interviewer: #2 Ah # 678: Called a ten gallon a stand that's what they #1 Called stand of lard # Interviewer: #2 Stand uh-huh # Stand of lard uh what would you call a metal frame like this that you would use to pour things through 678: It's all in a funnel as far as I'm {D: Concerned} Interviewer: Um now we were talking about the seeing those um oxen and everything did did they and you talked about that long whip that they would use with the oxen Uh did they use whips if they were driving horses or mules 678: Yeah {NW} Well {NW} Not everyone used them but uh Why you take the buggy {NW} And uh that's kind of like a car #1 If you if # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: You buy a car today {NW} Uh You would buy a radio probably Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: If you didn't it wasn't a complete car Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: The this buggy had uh what they call a dashboard in front You've seen buggies of course {NS} And on this dashboard is a little {NW} Thing about oh about so big around so long {NW} That you set your buggy whip down in Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Now the buggy whip {NW} Is a long {NS} Is a long just a long stem #1 Of a thing # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: With a cracker #1 On the end of it you # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Reach and peck him with Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Wasn't always necessary to have them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Some horses needed prodding they would never trot for you #1 Unless you # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Crack them with that #1 Whip # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} But Your buggy didn't look complete unless you had a whip #1 And and # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: You could buy a fancy whips #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: You just bought {NW} Wanted to make the old horse get it Or you could buy a real fancy one Interviewer: Oh 678: You could also so buy a With the buggies that had tops on them Tops would let down see kind of #1 Like a # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Convertible #1 Car # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: {NW} But if the weather threatened you why And you was lucky you You you'd get the top up in time to Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And put side curtains up and they also had one that hung down from the top Out over the dashboard with a little slot in for the Ho- Lines Interviewer: Oh 678: Horse lines Interviewer: #1 For the horse lines # 678: #2 Come through # Mm-hmm #1 And you could # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: And a little That's the first cellophane I ever saw Was in one of those things A little Hole about S- That wide and so forth that {NW} #1 Peep through and drive # Interviewer: #2 And you could look # 678: #1 That threw a horse # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: {D: get way see} Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: But {NW} Uh You know it's kind of like a #1 If you had you a buggy with a # Interviewer: #2 You're really good at describing # 678: Pardon Interviewer: You're good at describing things I can I think when you describe things I can see them though #1 I really it's you # 678: #2 Yeah the the # Interviewer: #1 You're good at that # 678: #2 The horse # The buggy whip the top and the side curtains and And the lap rope in front Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh Was sort of in the Cadillac style Interviewer: #1 Oh # 678: #2 See # Interviewer: Right like it being like 678: And you also had lap ropes uh very uh elaborate very fancy Uh Made out of heavy felt or heavy That you Placed over your feet in cold weather see And we even wised up in later years And found out that uh By putting this lap rope up over the Dashboard and over your Person {NW} Then you could set a lantern down in there And it would heat you up just like a car heats you up now see Interviewer: Oh 678: So they weren't too dumb back then you know #1 They was learning # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah they had # They had all the angles figured out 678: {NW} #1 Just as # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Modern as to- is today's airplane #1 For # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: For the time you know {X} Interviewer: Well uh like when you were a a child going to the store uh if you bought candy at the store what would the grocer probably put it in 678: Little brown paper sack and he had the Handed the candy out I remember the largest store we had he had his candy counter About as long as from here to that chair Interviewer: Uh-huh mm-hmm 678: And he had uh Pans Probably this wide And so deep And that long about as long as the old time counters Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And they were set up on an angle you'd walk up here and look through this glass and pick out the candy you wanted Interviewer: Oh 678: And he'd ea- reach in there with his dirty hands #1 And pick a # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: #1 Pick up the candy you selected and # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: {X} You'd buy a nickel's worth of candy and you'd get Uh You'd get more candy than two people could eat Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: For a nickel Interviewer: For a nickel 678: Peppermint sticks Interviewer: Mm 678: Or these big old chocolate drops you know like {NW} They didn't have the variety I remember the first bar of candy #1 That I ever saw # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Um did you ever need a bag called a paper sack or paper tote 678: Oh yeah Lots of them called it that Just like when they say {NW} Lot of people uh when they refer to Picking up something and carrying it #1 They say # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: Tote it Interviewer: Oh 678: Especially out of Mississippi and Alabama and #1 Georgia # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Mm-hmm 678: Say tote Interviewer: Tote 678: I I use it a whole lot Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: {NW} Uh Because {NW} Well it gets the job done better Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Just like in In writing Uh You Highway you you abbreviate it H.I. Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 678: #2 See # Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 678: #2 Yeah # Tote It it gets to the point Interviewer: #1 To the point quicker # 678: #2 Quicker see # Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Say pick that up #1 Yonder see # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: {NW} And {NS} I found out that I use it a whole lot Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I don't know if it's correct or not uh there is a word tote in #1 The dictionary but # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm sure # 678: {NW} But uh We used to make uh sort of light of the Mississippians and Alabamans #1 And Georgians # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Who would say 678: Who have been here for You know for using that word Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And they used thar Thar #1 For there # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: We still have people {NW} I had a man here this morning seventy-eight year old and he still says thar We have a lot of people Interviewer: Where is he from 678: {NW} He's from {NW} Either Georgia #1 Or Alabama # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh 678: But uh we have people that moved in here from Mississippi years and years ago and Alabama especially Alabama Interviewer: Especially Alabama 678: Use the word thar Interviewer: Huh that's interesting #1 Um # 678: #2 And # You-ins Interviewer: And you-ins 678: "Wins" Interviewer: Oh 678: And "yens" Interviewer: Oh 678: Why don't yens go with us Interviewer: Why don't yens instead of why don't 678: You Interviewer: Instead of why don't you or why don't 678: #1 Or # Interviewer: #2 Y'all # 678: He was speaking in plural #1 Like # Interviewer: #2 In plural # 678: You and I Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh I might say why don't you guys or you fellas if I was from up north I would say yous Interviewer: #1 Yous # 678: #2 Guys # Interviewer: Guys 678: #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: I'd say why don't you folks go along with us Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And they would say "why don't yens go with us" Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And if they were speaking of more than two say what you-ins doing Interviewer: #1 Oh # 678: #2 See # And they'd even say we-ins Interviewer: Uh-huh oh we-ins 678: Yeah we-ins Interviewer: Huh 678: When we-ins Interviewer: #1 And you could always # 678: #2 {X} # Interviewer: Tell that that would be somebody from 678: {NW} Interviewer: Some other 678: Seldom did Arkansasers #1 Use it # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: It was uh {NW} Mississippians and like I said more Uh #1 I I feel like # Interviewer: #2 Alabama # 678: Mississippi was uh {NW} Farther advanced {X} That stage Than Alabama Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Undoubtedly {NW} This country was settled By {NW} Sort of like our our nation it was settled by foreigners far as we're #1 Concerned # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: There was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Tennesseans and Mississippians and #1 Alabamans # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} And uh Georgians Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And of course a few from Texas and Missouri #1 Around but # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: You could tell the difference Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Distinct #1 Difference # Interviewer: #2 Hmm # That's really interesting 678: We had one old guy that We had a lot of people here from Sharp County Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh Interviewer: {D: running within} 678: And uh {NW} We had uh what we called a character every town has #1 Someone you know # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # {NW} 678: And he wouldn't want to offend anyone so he'd always put himself in when he was making light of Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh {NW} They used to call the church of Christ people Carmelites you know Interviewer: Oh I didn't know that 678: {NW} Yeah oh they resent it bitterly Interviewer: Oh 678: And we had a lot of bitterweeds in this country {NW} So this old guy that I'm referring to he'd stand out on the street one day and {NW} And uh He said well he said it looks like it uh Sharp Countians Carmelites bitterweeds are going to take this place yet Interviewer: Oh 678: That was about the time they built the church of Christ stirring up a big uh Well trying to get members you know And the bitterweeds all over our pasture out there and {NW} He's And he had the he had the Mississippians in there too but he had to put the Sharp Countians because that's where he #1 Was from see # Interviewer: #2 Because that's where he was uh-huh # 678: Keep someone from whipping him Interviewer: From whipping him {NW} that's funny {NW} 678: During the early part of this uh {NW} I may have referred to it in my writings here that {NW} They done a lot of uh moonshining down in Alabama Interviewer: Oh 678: And when they when prohibition came along and they {NS} Revenue men got after them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh rather than go to the penitentiary they'd just leave the state And Arkansas's where they would Interviewer: #1 Oh and they would come to Arkans- # 678: #2 They you know # If anyone had a relative here or a friend {NS} This is where they would go {NS} You know if they had a friend at Osceola that's where they would go see Interviewer: Oh 678: But if someone had a friend or a relative here {NW} This is where they'd go and lots of times {NS} They would wire ahead and when they'd get off of the train here the officers would arrest them Interviewer: Oh really 678: #1 And and I've even # Interviewer: #2 And they'd know that they were # Were coming 678: #1 Yeah I've even # Interviewer: #2 Here # 678: Seen them Jump them and run them just like rabbits dogs after rabbits {NW} They'd get off the train and {NW} At night {NS} And uh The officers would Be there and these fellas get off the train running in a strange town and a strange country they didn't know where they was Run over everything Interviewer: Oh 678: Lot of history went along back then Interviewer: Well I didn't and uh so they would just come here rather the moonshiners 678: Come here and start a new life Interviewer: Huh 678: And some of them uh You know turn in to be good people Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Good people {NW} Oh all was wrong with them really was they was making whiskey for a #1 Living # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: And they resented the U.S. government #1 Meddling just like uh # Interviewer: #2 T-telling # 678: Just like uh People resented the The bill of rights or the #1 The the # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Integration #1 Thing # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh uh-huh 678: Uh it it changed their way of life Interviewer: Uh-huh anything that would change I #1 See what you mean just # 678: #2 That's right # Interviewer: Changing their way #1 Of life # 678: #2 Their way of life and # {NW} Rather than to face a {NW} A term in a penitentiary they'd just get out Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And and come here and we've got people {NW} Uh Living all over this town now and country from Alabama and #1 Mississippi that # Interviewer: #2 Huh # 678: {NW} Uh Their forefathers weren't the best in the world in fact we've got a man on the school board right here that his daddy was {NW} Run out of Alabama for making whiskey #1 His granddaddy # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: #1 Not his daddy # Interviewer: #2 His granddaddy # 678: Granddaddy Interviewer: Yeah 678: And he's a and he's a very reputable citizen Interviewer: Hmm that is I am so interested in all of this you have really got a good memory for things um oh Back to the the sacks and things we were talking about before um what would flour come in when people bought 678: Flour sacks just uh {NW} Thin Cotton Fabric of a sort Interviewer: It was a c- fabric 678: And uh They {NW} There was several uses one one is uh someone would print a {NS} Pretty design Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: That was watered fast Interviewer: Oh it would do 678: And uh the women used those for Pillow cushion Covers Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Or or a lot of little ornamental things Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: When those that uh That didn't have the Flowers on them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: They used for their dish cloths {NW} Their their drying cloths Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And even their dish rags Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And baby diapers Interviewer: And baby #1 Diapers # 678: #2 Yeah # And and to make the little baby {NS} Clothes I remember when Wally here #1 Was born # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Yeah 678: It was in uh in nineteen thirty And uh All the little dresses he had was made out of flour sacks Interviewer: Really 678: But real fancied up #1 You know # Interviewer: #2 Fancied up # 678: My wife would uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: What is called hem stitching Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: If you you I {X} They put a little hem around it and Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh {NW} Little work around the collar looked real pretty you know but it's made out of flour sacks Interviewer: Well isn't that 678: {X} Diapers {NS} Interviewer: Well what about meal what would #1 Meal come in # 678: #2 Same thing # Interviewer: Yeah #1 Same exact thing # 678: #2 Same thing # Interviewer: Well now did you have to carry corn to the 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: To the mill to get it #1 Ground # 678: #2 That's right # We did {NW} Interviewer: Did 678: We had uh {NW} {D: rest mills} Here and we We would take our {NW} You know what they called it Interviewer: Uh-uh 678: A turn of corn Interviewer: A turn of corn #1 Is that what they called it I was gonna ask you about that # 678: #2 Mm-hmm yeah it's a {X} # It's uh I've got to take a turn of Interviewer: Turn would be the amount you take at #1 One time # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Now why they call it that I don't #1 Know # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 That's funny # 678: But {NW} We even had a corn #1 Oh excuse me # Interviewer: #2 Oh that's okay it didn't # Oh you didn't hurt 678: We had a Interviewer: It's #1 It didn't do anything # 678: #2 We had a corn cellar # We was one of the modern boys we had a big old corn cellar that we could {NS} Turn a crank and Put these ears of corn in there and {NW} Uh we could shell our corn in Oh golly in Twenty or thirty minutes #1 All we needed # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: For Oh two or three weeks at a time Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And now when you had and sat the whole family down and shell that corn by hand {NW} #1 You'd have some blisters along here because that corn # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh oh yeah # 678: Was tough Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: A lot of families shelled it {NW} Why it'd take them hours #1 To shell # Interviewer: #2 Mm # 678: Enough corn #1 To # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: Select good corn and shell enough {NW} To make enough meal to run them {NW} Well some of them went to the mill every week but some would go every two or three or four weeks {NW} And back Back then Uh most of the families you eat cornbread twice a day Interviewer: Oh 678: They'd eat biscuits for breakfast {NW} And uh I know I'd eat so much when I was a kid uh And I love biscuits #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} We could have afforded biscuits but it was a way of life That you ate biscuits for breakfast Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And cornbread for l- lunch and #1 Your afternoon # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Meal and {NW} My mama would make cornbread that thick Interviewer: Mm 678: Real good Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh then I went through a period that I didn't even want any cornbread #1 After that # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: #1 Uh it was a # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: #1 Transition you know I uh # Interviewer: #2 Right # 678: I think it was a little bit of a Uh I didn't look on it that way then but looking back now {X} It it was a little bit of a resentment {NW} Because I wanted to eat more biscuits Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Less cornbread Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And it's a little bit of a {NW} Like children do now #1 Resenting the # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: #1 Establishment you see # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: #1 The way the way that they do # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh uh-huh # The way that they 678: But I didn't realize it because I never {NW} I never sassed my daddy or mother the first time Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} And someone said well I don't see how you kept from it I said well there's several reasons {NW} One is {NS} They never put anything on me that I couldn't or shouldn't do Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: They never asked me to do anything that was unreasonable Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I said I loved them too much to sass them and respected them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I said I held my daddy in awe he was a #1 Supreme # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} Ruler far as I was #1 Concerned # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} And I said my mother was my protection Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: I said she was the one that during I hurt my finger I went #1 To her and got up # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Against her apron and cried Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 And she'd pat my head and # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: {NW} Go doctor it {NS} And my dad was {D: tall work} And I looked onto him for the strong side Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I said uh I never I never thought of sassing him Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I said there had been times when I would reach that uh Adolescent age that I didn't always agree with them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And and I would question in my own mind well {NW} Well for instance if I was going to one of these old square dances {X} And uh {NW} Had already been to about three that week my dad Said my son You better slow down now you you've gone too many I I'd ask him to say well why what Why What difference would it make Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But it did make a difference because He wanted to {NW} Let me know that there was rules and regulations Discipline In that house Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And that he was the one sets the rules Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Later on {NW} {X} This son here of mine he {NW} Uh when one of his children would ask him uh A question He would uh he would always get them around in front of him and Explain this #1 To them # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: And Asked them did they understand it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And as a result he he found out his whole k- all the kids would {D: gang around} Listening Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And they had an understanding Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: He'd tell them why Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Why you can't do this or why you shouldn't do that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} Of course like he said the other day he's got one girl that hasn't uh {X} Strictly adhered to that she's kind of a wild one Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh I don't think anything unusual but Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Not the {NW} Uh {NW} Petite easy going #1 Kind that uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Some of the others #1 Are # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: And But uh the first thing that {NS} To make a home go good is that uh There must be some respect there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And someone in anything you go has got to be the boss Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: If you want to use that #1 Word I # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NS} I supervised work {NS} Forty years in factories and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh people would call me boss or or refer to me as boss I said well I don't like to be called boss And well why I said because I That sound like that I've got the final say Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And and I said I I'm always open to suggestions And uh gripes and so forth and we'll talk about it and I'll think it over and {NW} I said I'd rather be Called your supervisor Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh {NW} Because I do supervise your work and {NS} And instruct you and I said I never did like the word boss Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: If I were to use it {NW} Uh {NS} You know in uh One sense like uh say well the boss uh won't allow me to do this out in the other that's different but Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Just to say hey boss how about so and so Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I never did like #1 That a # Interviewer: #2 Not too # 678: Lot of people would feel bigotry about it #1 Being called boss but # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 678: {NW} {NW} It always made me feel like that Uh I was on one pedestal and #1 They were on another # Interviewer: #2 They were on another # Mm-hmm 678: In effect you are Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Except there's a leveling place to where you've got to understand your people and they've got to understand you {NS} Interviewer: Um 678: That's maybe off the subject Interviewer: Oh well it was interesting I I always get um did you have to carry wood into the house 678: Yeah #1 From the old wood box # Interviewer: #2 From the back # A wood box well now if you were talking about the amount of wood you could carry your arms at one time you'd say that'd be one arm 678: Arm load yeah Interviewer: An arm load uh how about uh did did you ever uh well talk about people who carried wood from one place to another who picked it up one place dropped it off at another place Uh how would they measure that how was m- wood measured 678: {NW} You mean if you was buying it #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Yeah mm-hmm # 678: It was measured by {NW} Some of them called it a rick Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Some called it a rank Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: Uh which is right I don't know but a rick {NW} Is four foot When you put two posts eight foot apart {NS} Interviewer: #1 That's okay # 678: #2 And uh # {NS} {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Layer it in there Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Four foot high {NW} That's uh four By eight now a cord Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: It's four by sixteen Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: See Interviewer: Well now if people were carrying wood from one place to another did they like in wagon did they speak of that as hauling wood 678: Yeah And and the #1 Reason # Interviewer: #2 They'd say # They'd say they were 678: Hauling wood Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And the reason for the size the four by eight Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Is because the average wagon bed Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well the average length wood uh what we call cooking wood Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Oh you could just throw it in there and one wagon bed would haul Would hold a four by eight Interviewer: {X} 678: So if Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: If the people you were selling wood to trusted you {NS} You could go up there and Say well I've got a load of wood here and they say well is there a rick yeah this bed holds a rick Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Someone would uh stack it up measure it on #1 You see # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Well if they found out that Of course I always wanted I always tried to give them full measure #1 And uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NS} I was selling wood and uh maybe they'd rick it up by they never pushed #1 It after that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: They knew my wagon #1 They knew how # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Full it was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: When I'd give out longer wood Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Then you've got to rick it into your wagon Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And get your wagon full Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And end up {NW} The heater wood was {NW} Would never Seldom exceed uh {NW} Thirty-two inches And you could get a rick of wood in your wagon bed by lay- by Layering it in #1 Ricking it in # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: {NW} But then when you get into what they call a cord of wood Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: You ever hear of that Interviewer: No I 678: That's what they burn in cotton gins Interviewer: Oh that's what they burn in cotton gins 678: And uh it was four foot long Interviewer: Uh-huh mm-hmm 678: And you would haul it on the {NW} You'd have a frame on your wagon with Two big standers on each end and {NW} You'd just rick it on that wagon until you've got it {X} All of the team could pull Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Take a chain bring back {NS} {D: boon it} Down Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Go the gin with it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And it was sold by cords #1 Of eight uh # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NS} Uh sixteen Cross and #1 Four high # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # 678: {NW} We got {NW} That's the way my dad and my brother and I would make a lot of money during the summer Was uh we would clear up land {NW} And we'd get twelve dollars and half an acre for clearing it and if you was to depend on that you'd starve to death Interviewer: {NW} 678: But out of that we would get {NW} Our winter's wood Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Both cooking and heating Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} We would sell a lot of wood uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh cooking wood and heater wood {NW} And we might sell A hundred ricks Or a hundred cords Of gin wood Uh which we would give three dollars a cord for that's three hundred dollars {NS} Lots of money back then between crops three hundred dollars worth Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Some people wouldn't make a hundred dollars between crops {NW} And then {NW} My dad was of the old school and he would make cross ties And sell to the railroad Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {X} Some of these things {NW} So we had seven several avenues of uh income of a acre of land Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We'd even have uh {D: We'd find some} {NW} Logs of course they'd this this land it had been timbered off Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {X} Occasion they would leave a nice tree Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 678: #2 If they # Did we could saw logs out of that Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So we sold saw logs for lumber or we'd haul them to the mill {NW} Have the lumber cut {NS} And we'd store it at our home and sell people lumber that'd come by But we had the logs The gin wood the home wood the domestic wood And the cross ties Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: See #1 In the first post we'd make fifth post # Interviewer: #2 Oh you mean uh-huh and the fifth post too # 678: Right across from mulberry and sassafras Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Which doesn't rot soon #1 Or we would # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Make fence posts And we'd sell those and work ten to fifteen Cents a post Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And off of an acre of land we might make uh {NS} Five hundred dollars {NS} Instead of twelve an hour Interviewer: So right just from all those other 678: #1 A lot of people # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: That weren't good managers would take that acre of land and {NW} Cut their winter's wood and And cut all the rest of it and bring it up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Stack it up in huge piles and try to burn it and would starve to death doing it Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: {NW} Interviewer: #1 They didn't know how to manage # 678: #2 {D: We were making more} # Didn't know how to manage {NW} Interviewer: Well 678: My dad was a manager and {NW} From the day I can remember when he'd tell my brother and I to Go out here and do some work {X} He didn't come out to see if we were doing that job right he knew we was Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Because he had taught us how to do this How to do that we would ask questions {NW} And uh {X} When he sent us to build a fence He'd say I want you to go build a fence in a certain place in a certain place Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We knew that he meant that fence would be built straight Just as straight as a rifle to shoot if possible Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And each post level Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: We hadn't our farm was Surrounded with fence and every post at the same #1 Level # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Pastures the same way Interviewer: Mm-hmm hmm 678: Had to take it along and it did {X} Haphazard Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Um when they would carry the washing out to hang it on the line what would they carry it out in usually 678: Ah well I'm not sure Interviewer: {NW} 678: I would imagine Uh it'd seem to me like my mother used a little tub Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: A little zinc tub Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Didn't have hampers or anything back then Interviewer: They didn't already have that basket 678: No no baskets Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {X} {NW} Maybe they would have one of these old woven baskets #1 Like you see made up in the # Interviewer: #2 Yeah uh-huh # 678: Mountains a few of them use those but my mama {NW} Uh she would Wash them out and wring them out and hang them on a line like the old s- song which you know but {NW} Uh she would when she'd get them wrung out she'd put them in this little tub Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And of course I was heavy #1 Wet clothes you know and hard on women # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm oh yeah mm-hmm # 678: But that's what she would use and I remember when I as a child seeing here Start her washing {X} Before we would leave for school Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: In the winter it was pretty early Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: My brother and I would pump this water up Get it in the old iron kettle and start the fire and have water get hot {NW} As soon as she got us off to school she'd start washing on this rub board Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And she'd be rubbing when we got back Interviewer: Hmm 678: All day long and and the deal when you had hard hands The women had to work To wash their dirty #1 Clothes # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Which is so unfair you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And {NW} I can remember Wishing it was yet to be some way easier to do that washing Interviewer: Than that #1 {NW} # 678: #2 And uh # I'd be so sorry for my mama and And would help her a whole lot And then I'd get looking through old catalogs and I I began to see Why you could order Uh {NS} Washers you know {X} One of them was an old {NW} Kind like an old {X} Used to be hand- handles on each side and you'd just push it {X} Round bottom tub didn't {NW} Kind of like a washboard itself Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I thought well if I ever accumulate enough money on my own I'm gonna buy her one of #1 Those # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: {NW} But I didn't and {C: tape slowing} Then when {C: tape slowing} {X} After I got married and bought my wife a washer {C: tape slowing} My dad {C: tape slowing} Only then bought my wi- uh my mother a washer {C: tape slowing} Interviewer: Oh {C: tape slowing} 678: That must have been in nine {C: tape slowing} {X}