678: {NS} Interviewer: #1 I like hearing stories # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Um 678: {NW} Interviewer: Story about the uh the one about the the people doing the doing the route and the one with the corn and the that you were telling me 678: Oh you want the egg story too Interviewer: And the egg story too right yeah 678: Well This is the {NS} Ozark {NS} Mountain boy you know Interviewer: Yeah 678: And uh his Didn't get to go to town very often so this one trip he Decided while he was there he would uh Get him some store-bought food Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} So he went in this restaurant and Took his seat and a waitress came up and said uh what would you like to eat He flashed a big grin said eggs And uh {NW} That kind of her took back you know and she said uh Well how do you like the eggs he said I like them Interviewer: {NW} 678: And uh {NW} That uh stumped her again so she said well how do you like them cooked he said oh I like them that way too Interviewer: {NW} 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # 678: {NW} And then there's uh {NW} Oh I can't think of the good ones when I need to but #1 The # Interviewer: #2 The one you were telling about the roof about fixing the # 678: Yeah about the Arkansas traveler there was a #1 Book called # Interviewer: #2 The Arkansas traveler # 678: The Arkansas traveler and this City Man was traveling through selling his elixirs and this that and the other and uh {NW} It was rainy weather and And this man invited him in and when he got in why the roof was leaking pretty badly Said your house leaks doesn't it said yes sir He said why don't you fix it well said it's uh Raining Can't fix it while it's raining {NW} He said well why don't you When it's dry why don't you fix it said I don't need it then #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {X} 678: And then uh {NW} And then he walked on you know the next day w- by this fellow's farm Saw this little scrawny corn you know that was all of it turned yellow Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: He asked him uh said uh {NW} Well said uh Now see it Turned dry around here and your {NW} Corn's uh turned yellow what's wrong with it he said why I planted a yellow kind So That's about all I can recall out of the Arkansas traveler but Interviewer: Traveler 678: {NW} Interviewer: Still look up that book 678: {X} You know I don't know how you could get ahold of that book {NW} I was Huh Aux: It's in the Library of Congress 678: Um oh yes but uh You know I think of it so often and and I read these things when I was a child Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: About uh These salesmen would go in through the country you know and of course these mountaineers had all kind of callouses and corns on their feet from going barefoot and they'd sell them This stuff to Take the callouses and corns off and having to soak their feet Overnight you know and this that and the other and of course when the they'd get all the money The old boys Women's feet were so sore then they couldn't uh Interviewer: {NW} 678: From soaking them in this concoction that they couldn't bother them you know it's {NW} It was the it was a scream all the way through it Interviewer: I wonder if the 678: {NW} Interviewer: Library here would have it 678: I don't know it might We have a real fine library County library out here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Real fine It's uh Aux: {X} Interviewer: Yeah I will 678: The Arkansas traveler Interviewer: Might just go by the library tomorrow 678: If you could get ahold of a book like that you would certainly enjoy it Interviewer: Um next thing I want to ask you about is clothing 678: The what Interviewer: Clothing 678: You mean the {NW} The early clothing Interviewer: Right like when you remember now what would you wear to church usually Aux: Overalls 678: {NW} Well uh you mean when when I was a boy Interviewer: Yeah Aux: On Sundays 678: Well we had these uh Sunday clothes alright Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Uh Think I've told you before my dad was a Little bit better provider than Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Than I would I say the average Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Uh family Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But at that time {NW} We wore Pants That {NW} {X} We would wear long stockings And pants that uh Buttoned around here with a little flap on them and then bloused down Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And buttoned shoes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I remember those button shoes And that white shirt s- starched uh Until it would Scar your neck Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I'll tell you a funny one on my brother And on me too Mama sent us to church one Sunday morning she didn't go along she sent us Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And he kept moving Neck around you know and I I was wanting to know what was wrong he said well that Shirt collar's so stiff it was Chafing his neck real bad Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And he'd keep squeezing it And squeezing it and squeezing it couldn't do any good so he just dropped on the side of the road he uh did chew the starch out {NW} #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 Chew the starch out of it # {NW} 678: That's right chewed the starch out of it that shirt where it would lay down Interviewer: {NW} 678: {NW} Interviewer: That's great 678: Well you'd have to know my brother uh Wayne knows that he would he's trying to follow how he could do that Interviewer: This is thick 678: {NW} Yeah thick Interviewer: #1 Right # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # {NW} Interviewer: I feel like I know your #1 Whole family having read your # 678: #2 That's good # Uh we wore uh we everyday we wore the country boy's overalls Interviewer: Well what about your what did the the older men wear to church 678: {NW} They they would have a suit Interviewer: They would #1 What did they # 678: #2 Uh uh # Interviewer: Consist of 678: Well they had the at that time they'd have the vest and the {NW} I remember the the uh material they call it worsted Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Surge Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And it would be a brown or a black or a blue Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Those are the three colors Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I I used to wonder about my dad he He would split his suit up and I thought with suits you do as a suit Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But if he wore his brown coat he wore his blue trousers and his black trousers {NW} Well just uh Now I look back and that is kind of a forerunner he was a little ahead of the times Interviewer: Yeah 678: Oh yeah Aux: {NW} Interviewer: He was wearing 678: Uh-huh that's right he was splitting them up {NW} And and I wondered why Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But uh course I'd have a suit I'd wear that whole thing I remember having a green surge suit Dark green I thought that was the prettiest thing I ever put on {NW} {X} Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Kind of like they wear up north you know Aux: Socks was the biggest problem 678: Yeah Interviewer: #1 Socks were a big problem # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Yeah oh you had to have those Full length socks for your {NW} Sunday clothes and Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh No holes in them they Interviewer: {NW} 678: They had to be good ones They had kind of a hole of course you didn't throw them away your mama would darn them up Interviewer: Oh 678: Take a darn needle and Fix it to where you couldn't hardly find it Interviewer: Well how often would they get a new suit 678: How would they Interviewer: How often would they get a new suit 678: {NS} If the men would get one every three or four years they would Call theirself being extravagant Interviewer: Oh really 678: And the only reason the boys would get one each year they would outwear them Interviewer: Oh but but 678: And I I got handed them down to me I was a second child Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And I'd wear my brother's suit Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: {X} I seldom got a new suit Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 {NW} # Second hand Interviewer: You just got the second 678: Second hand Charlie yeah Interviewer: Well did they did they fit you 678: Oh well it didn't make much difference you wore them anyhow Interviewer: Oh whether it fit or not 678: Sure you {NW} You Long as you could get in them Why you wore {NW} Oh we had a certain amount of pride to it of course my dad and mama wanted me to look good but If the sleeves were a little long that didn't uh {X} Wasn't too sh- too short but they got it Tight why Then they'd They would cut those up and make skirts for the girls Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Your mama's probably not old enough to even remember those {NW} She probably didn't cut up The men's clothing and make skirts with My mama would take the old suits And the And the suits would Become too small Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And make skirts for the girls Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And {NW} Well you had to economize Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: You had to use everything nothing throwed away Interviewer: Oh 678: Course we wore the long handle underwear don't #1 Forget that # Interviewer: #2 Oh you did # 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # That's funny um now what would happen like if a shirt was not sanforized or something and they washed it in hot water what would happen 678: If uh if you weren't careful I It would be too small Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} They {NW} There's no such word as sanforized back then or there {X} Probably might have been a word but no such uh treatments Interviewer: #1 Treatments # 678: #2 As # Such But #1 We would uh # Interviewer: #2 Well how did you # 678: We once in a while we would Buy a shirt that would draw up Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But {NW} When it did well my mama would go back to the man that sold it to her Aux: Most of the time you bought a shirt a little bit 678: Too big Interviewer: #1 Oh you did and then tie it on a string # Aux: #2 Overalls # Same thing 678: Yeah {NW} But Interviewer: You did and then you would count on it to shrink 678: To shrink some Aux: {X} Interviewer: Oh you did oh you could just always 678: But if you got ahold of one that'd shrink excessively why then you You fussed at the The man sold it to you and there was no no argument he'd take it and and the factory made it good Unless you bought it uh knowing that it was cheap and that it might draw up Interviewer: Well now those overalls and things uh did they have them like they do now with lots of pockets in them 678: Mm-hmm about the same Interviewer: And you can stuff 678: {NW} Had uh Two side pockets two hip pockets One pocket here on the bib Place for your pencil and then a watch pocket Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: For your watch Interviewer: Well if you stuff a lot of stuff in your pockets would they uh uh you know 678: Bulge out Interviewer: Yeah 678: Sure Interviewer: Yeah I mean were they 678: As kids keep pulling marbles and rocks you know Interviewer: Yeah yeah 678: {NW} things like that Interviewer: Um Aux: Wasn't no worry in that 678: {NW} No Interviewer: #1 Ignored it # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Um # Aux: #2 Everybody # Carried fish hooks if something dropped Interviewer: Oh they did Aux: {X} Interviewer: Um what if you were talking about a woman who would with all the standing in front of the mirror kind of you know fixing herself up all the time you'd say she really likes to what would they call it 678: Primp Interviewer: Primp yeah 678: {NW} Yeah #1 Well we # Interviewer: #2 How about # How about somebody who always likes to wear fancy clothes they'd say she really likes to 678: You mean how would they express it Interviewer: Yeah they'd say she likes to uh 678: Well now {X} Some of these saying I've heard fellows say that she likes to put on the doll but uh Interviewer: Oh really 678: {NW} But uh {NW} That may not be the answer you was expecting but Interviewer: That's interesting 678: That's that's one I've heard Interviewer: What would you call a small leather container for for carrying coins in 678: Coins Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {X} A pocketbook {NW} My dad carried a pocketbook about so long with the old snap Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh He had have a He had a little Pocket up closer that he carries bills in you know that wouldn't go all the way down Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And in his change went down in the sack part and he'd dug all that up and put it in his pocket Interviewer: What about your mother what would she carry money in 678: Well she {X} My mama if I remember probably Probably would have only owned one Uh big purse Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: They didn't have A color for each suit you know back then Interviewer: {NW} 678: {NW} They'd own a purse and that'd be it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And I suppose I don't remember buying it I just suppose it had the little snap Places inside for the change Aux: You know how women used to fix their hair Interviewer: No Aux: You've seen the old kerosene lamps Interviewer: Uh-huh Aux: They had curling irons you know Interviewer: Oh Aux: And they'd put the iron the irons down in the heat Interviewer: Down in the Aux: Heat Interviewer: In in the lamp 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Oh 678: The springtime Wooden handles Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} Aux: {X} Fix their hair 678: Clamp it on there Aux: Clamp it 678: Wayne's mother used one Aux: I've seen my mother do that Interviewer: Oh really Aux: {X} 678: She'd crimp that hair and then just she'd just work on it and work on it #1 Work on it yeah # Interviewer: #2 Oh really # Aux: Takes a long time 678: {NW} But you had plenty of time Aux: {NW} Interviewer: But you had more time Aux: Nobody could go to a beautician first of all there wasn't any Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # Aux: #2 Second # You know people didn't have the money Interviewer: And you wouldn't have the money right {NW} 678: And you you wouldn't have had someone saying that She's one of the uppity ups because Interviewer: Oh right mm-hmm now in the way of jewelry what would you call something like this 678: Bracelets They had to use some fancy ones way back there Interviewer: #1 Oh they did # 678: #2 Fancy ones # Yes Interviewer: How about around their neck 678: Beads they'd have beads and uh And lockets Interviewer: Oh what would men wear to hold up their trousers 678: Suspenders or belts and sometimes both they thought some of them tried to be fancy Dans and wear both Interviewer: And wear both 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: And they also called them galluses Aux: galluses 678: galluses Interviewer: Oh do they uh what would you hold over your head when it would rain 678: Those umbrellas the women Men Didn't care for getting wet Interviewer: {NW} 678: Didn't want to be called sissy Interviewer: Oh um when they would makeup a bed uh what would you call the fancy top cover they put on the bed 678: Well {NW} Uh way back I don't know we called them bed spreads when we Interviewer: You can always remember 678: Yeah I can remember bed spreads but well now wait a minute there was another one Aux: Dusters 678: No there was another uh uh what Aux: {X} 678: No there was a counterpane that's what I'm trying to {X} Counterpane wasn't that the word Interviewer: Counter pin or 678: Counterpane #1 I believe they called it # Interviewer: #2 Counterpane # 678: Now that's back when my mama's when she was making up beds after I got married they were called bedspreads Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Be real fancy {NW} Interviewer: Um 678: {NW} Interviewer: Well do you remember uh like anything like a pillow only it went um 678: Bolster Interviewer: Well #1 Now did a bolster # 678: #2 I remember those # Interviewer: Go just part way across the bed 678: All the way across Interviewer: Oh 678: My brother was always Kind of a meanie Interviewer: {NW} 678: And uh we had a bolster and lots of times just to Aux: {NW} 678: Just pure old meanness you know to be show that he was the older brother He'd jerk it from under my head and wouldn't let me use it see {NW} Until I threatened to tell on him Interviewer: Oh 678: {NW} Interviewer: Oh what would you put on the bed for warmth in the wintertime 678: Oh you could get {NW} Well uh {NS} We uh {NS} Blankets we didn't sleep next to sheets like we do now Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Got these blankets {NW} Quilts and And comforts some of them call them comforts Interviewer: Is that different from a quilt 678: Yeah it was different a little bit thicker than the average quilt then they had something else that uh Oh it was real heavy but I can think what they called it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Sometimes they would quilt on top of quilts take an old quilt you know and recover it Interviewer: Oh 678: But the comforts were {NW} That was generally the top cover because it had a little bit of beauty to it but Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: These down next to you they're just for warmth only you know Some of them were Quilted with thread and some of them were were just uh {NW} Tied together and tied into about four inch squares you know and tied to the Twine tied into knots Now they tied those knots to where they didn't come loose some way Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: They knew how to tie them {NW} Interviewer: Um what would you call a place if you made a place on the floor like for children to sleep you'd call that a 678: Pallets I was one of those {NW} I slept on them Interviewer: {NW} 678: And we used to have so much company That uh we children would sleep crosswise in bed {NW} All could get on there Interviewer: Oh 678: And we'd have my mom had uh Several bedrooms But people used to get in their wagons and bring their families And and uh sometimes it'd be a coincidence but maybe another family would Come to spend the weekend with you and there'd be two families with six or seven kids each And it'd just gang up sleep crosswise on the bed if it's Wintertime or summer they'd get on the floor pallet wherever they could get Aux: You ever hear that song about sleeping in a little bed 678: #1 {NW} # Interviewer: #2 I don't think so # I don't believe I've heard that 678: Yeah {NW} Sleep in a foot bed we hear that on the Uh {X} Jimmy Dickens Jimmy Dickens sings it Interviewer: Um 678: Take a cold tater and wait Interviewer: {NW} 678: That's another thing that has changed Aux: Always listen 678: {NW} Aux: {X} 678: Yeah Interviewer: Oh 678: When when uh I grew up and even when Wayne grew up Uh {NW} The children had to wait Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: All this fancy food would be set on the At the table and then Get grandpa and grandma and uncle John and aunt Sarah and all them set them down to eat {NW} And the kids keep them out and leave them {X} Starving to death {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 678: And that you know that was brutal Interviewer: Yeah 678: So now you know you you either feed the kids first or you fix them a plate uh Some plates and let them go into the another room and uh card tables or something and set down and eat {NW} But I would lean in there and looked in the door many times my mom would put her finger and I had to leave {NW} Interviewer: Oh that's funny 678: You should have lived back then Mary that's Interviewer: #1 I think I would have enjoyed it it always sounds so good to me # 678: #2 {NW} # Aux: And you didn't even get to talk either 678: Oh no Aux: No conversation Interviewer: Oh 678: Children children should be seen and not heard {NW} Aux: They'd tell all their stories 678: {NW} Aux: And they're wanting to say something 678: {NW} Aux: If you did you had to leave Interviewer: That's funny that's great um this next part's about land and sort of different kinds of land what would you call the land along a stream sort of 678: Along a stream you mean well it the bank you mean the banks of the river or the Interviewer: No 678: {NW} Yeah the banks of course would be the land along the stream I was thinking about maybe land that could be farmed that's kind of flat low lying land close to a stream or close to a river Well it'd be river river bottom Interviewer: Oh 678: River bottom Interviewer: Bottom 678: Bottom land Interviewer: Mm-hmm bottom land is bottoms and bottom land the same thing 678: Mm-hmm Generally when you refer to the bottoms Is before it's cleared up Interviewer: Oh I see 678: See Interviewer: I see 678: And bottom land is after it Interviewer: Is after it's cleared up let's see um how about an any {D: rafty} land that you can think of sort of flat grassy land 678: Pasture land Interviewer: Or how about if it's not planted if it's just natural kind of 678: Without uh you mean without timber on it Interviewer: Right mm-hmm anything like that 678: Well it would {NW} Probably be used for pasture land or Interviewer: It'd still be yeah uh-huh 678: Or uh A land that they was wanting to lay out and uh And uh Regain its strength you know Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} Interviewer: How about um like an area that's got just like water standing on its like staying up water standing on it all the time 678: Slews Interviewer: Now would that be the same as a swamp 678: Mm-hmm Swamp land {NW} Swamp land would have uh Interviewer: Not necessarily 678: Would have the water in it and then then the slews Aux: I think that's what she's finding 678: The slews Aux: Yeah slews Interviewer: And would the slews 678: It's a it's a depression in the land Interviewer: Oh 678: That when the when the excess Rainwater falls it it It channels the water Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Into the bottom lands #1 What it is # Interviewer: #2 Bottom lands # Yeah mm-hmm 678: It's a slew Interviewer: Yeah 678: And generally when they did the grudge ditches They follow the general direction of the old slew I suppose they snake around just like a river Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But you'd cut the The ditch uh Interviewer: To drain the 678: To drain where you could where either side would run in Interviewer: Oh I see 678: {NW} Interviewer: Um what would you call a sandy type soil a name 678: Loam Sandy loam Interviewer: How about that black sticky kind 678: Gumbo Interviewer: You know gumbo 678: Get some of that on your feet sometime Interviewer: {NW} You can't get it off 678: Get your car in there when it's wet Oh how do you get it out if you get your car in Get somebody get get someone to pull you out Interviewer: {NW} 678: With a team or tractor Interviewer: Or you wait until it dries up oh that's funny have you ever heard of anything called crawfishing land 678: You better believe it Interviewer: #1 Oh you have # 678: #2 I I # Fished a crawfishes out too Interviewer: Really 678: We still have some of that Interviewer: And you call it crawfishing land 678: Oh yeah they build these big Stools you know above the ground Interviewer: I didn't know that 678: Oh yes {NW} While you have a lot of little crawfish in your now these are in the slews and in the bottom lands is the is the water recedes uh it goes down oh you can get in there and just catch lots of crawfish Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But out at the edges You'll see these enormous stool that holds Oh big as a ball bats aren't they Wayne Aux: Yeah 678: And these enormous big old red crawfish almost lobsters Interviewer: Oh 678: Would be down in there {NW} And you can get him by putting a stick down in there and he'll Pinch and he ain't got any better sense than to hold on you just fish him out Interviewer: Oh 678: See Use his tail for catfish bait Aux: {X} 678: {NW} Interviewer: Um what would you call kind of a deep gouged out place like in a field that kind of a washed out place in a field 678: {NW} You referring to hills be a gully Interviewer: A gully 678: {NW} In the hills Interviewer: Mm-hmm um 678: Whole land we probably wouldn't have them Interviewer: You probably wouldn't have it uh-huh well is is the around here I don't know this terrain this area very well and around Bay and Craighead county is it is it mostly just flat or it appears to me to be but then I don't know 678: No {NW} Well we have lots of flatland in Craighead county but We're sitting right now on what is known as Crowley's ridge #1 It's # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: It's a Interviewer: Kind of a 678: Quite a historic Interviewer: Yeah 678: It was caused Well It was a freak formation wasn't it Wayne And it it begins up in the edge of Missouri Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} And goes down through Arkansas and hits uh Mississippi river about {X} Aux: Almost in there 678: And uh it's Unique in every respect you go down where we live you hit the sandy loam and On down at that marked tree down there you hit the black some of the black gumbo And that was caused from the New Madrid earthquake Interviewer: Oh 678: And uh But this {NW} This place uh Aux: New Madrid Missouri Interviewer: #1 In Missouri # Aux: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: Yeah 678: Yeah I've been uh Down there around the boothill And uh This place is uh Just pure old red hills part of it no rock at all but part of it is loaded with All these gravel roads you drive on around here comes out of these these uh Crowley ridge mountain hills Interviewer: Oh 678: Yeah Interviewer: Yeah yeah well now um 678: {NW} You're running out of tape by the way Interviewer: I don't know if we have that much time because this tape runs an hour 678: Oh does it Interviewer: So yeah runs an hour a side I could you just know I'll tell you what okay now talking about um streams if you were talking about running streams the smallest would be called a 678: You mean around this territory Interviewer: Yeah 678: {NW} First of all this would just be Uh Farm ditches Interviewer: Did uh uh-huh uh-huh 678: That we had dug Interviewer: That you had dug 678: Back when I was a kid we dug them with spades shovels Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And then later we had small Well maybe road slips now you don't know what a road slip is but it's a scoop of a thing with two big wooden handles on it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NW} And you hook a team to it Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And as long as you were horse enough or strong enough to hold to where it scoops the dirt fine But if you get too high it sticks in the ground where you land or when the mules see Interviewer: #1 {NW} # 678: #2 And hope they don't # {X} And uh that's the way we would dig some ditches and later we got the drag little little drag lights Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And Then we still dig small small ditches not as Well now {NW} Half as wide as this bed perhaps in and around farms What they call lateral ditches And they'll empty into a larger ditch Interviewer: Mm-hmm Aux: What what you would call a god-made creek in the hills we call a god-made ditch 678: {NW} Interviewer: #1 Oh really # 678: #2 Yeah # Aux: Because we don't call them creeks here we call say ditches everything Interviewer: You say everything's a ditch 678: Everything is a ditch in the lowlands #1 There's no creeks # Interviewer: #2 You don't mean it # And there's no creeks #1 Even if it's god made or man made # Aux: #2 Nobody says creek # Interviewer: I didn't know that 678: No you get up here in the in the hills you have a creek because it was god-made Interviewer: Yeah right Aux: So all these ditches down towards Bay 678: Up in Chicago they call them creek All northern people call them creeks Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh and Aux: But here everything's a ditch Everything's a ditch 678: Down in our country it's a ditch because we dig it Aux: These big made hills {X} Interviewer: And even god-made things are ditches to me ditches have to be man-made have to be dug I think of it but that's amazing so no creeks huh that's really wild well how about rivers does it do you a big there's ditches and then there's rivers 678: Oh yeah well they Interviewer: That's the only distinction everything is either a ditch or else it's a 678: River goes from a creek to a In this particular country it goes from a creek to a river Interviewer: Hmm 678: And the hills In our country it goes from a ditch #1 To a river # Interviewer: #2 From a ditch to a # River That's fascinating I've never heard anybody say that that's just amazing um Aux: This may be the only area that I've ever been to where they do say ditches Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well and the deltas Mississippi deltas Interviewer: Oh they do it there too 678: Any delta land Interviewer: They'll say ditch 678: {NW} Interviewer: Um 678: Some of them in the in the rice In the flatlands of the rice country now Sometimes they refer to them as canals Interviewer: As canals 678: Mm-hmm Interviewer: Yeah 678: Where they water their rice Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But that's a little bit different that's uh that's taking the water to The uh The farm product or Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And our ditches is to take it away Interviewer: Uh-huh I see yeah 678: That's the difference Interviewer: Sort of thing 678: {NW} Interviewer: Um now up like on a mountain the course I know you don't have them here but the rocky side of a mountain where it drops off you call that a 678: I guess a cliff I'm not a mountaineer Interviewer: No I know and and then up in the mountains like if uh there's a creek and it goes along and then it has a sharp drop off you call that a 678: Waterfall Interviewer: And you know do you know of something in the mountain called either a gap or a pass or are you familiar with 678: Oh yeah {NW} That's just a Just an opening in the {NW} In the between two Two mountains Interviewer: Yeah 678: {NW} And the the pass From what I read from history and and reading western books A pass is something that you discover Miles away that way you get it Wayne but uh It's a landmark more or less Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: That that in traveling across the country when they settled the country you could see this way over and that's what they aimed for Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: And when they get there they hoped it was passable see Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: But it was a landmark between two ranges of mountains {NW} And that's the way they would pass through the mountains they couldn't go over them the Rockies especially Aux: And perhaps on that subject you should tell her about the annual trip you used to make where all this {X} 678: {NW} Well I believe I told her I let her read my memoirs too you know that I wrote I don't know if you've ever read them or not Interviewer: Really great 678: Up to nineteen Aux: Read those 678: Up to nineteen thirty one {NS} When my dad I believe I told you my dad and mother came from northwest Missouri over land Well just uh between Hardy Arkansas and and Fair Missouri there's a hill up there that they still call black snake hill And there were so many {NW} Large Black snakes there that my mother had to get in the wagon and Ride there'd be so many snakes crossing the road Interviewer: {NW} 678: And I see no snakes Up at Hardy we had a boy scout camp at Hardy for years and years called Cedar Valley Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And we would go up there and then those snakes are still there and I if I can think of it I'll fish out a picture and show you a a A man that was Was uh Basketball and football coach at Trumann During the forties Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And we called him snake Bullard his name was Bullard and we called him snake because he would he would get those {NS} Snakes and just let them wrap around him Interviewer: Mm 678: And I wouldn't even get close to them Interviewer: Mm 678: But I have a picture of him squatting down with one of those big old black snakes And them things would be that big around and as long as Longer than this bed is wide here Interviewer: Mm 678: And my mama said they'd come across there and throw that head up and just scare the life out of her Interviewer: Mm 678: Eh What they lived on back then so many of them but she said that Late of the evening when they come from fair to Hardy they they was almost afraid to To camp overnight Interviewer: Hmm 678: But uh they had quite a time on that trip Had two children and They brought another strange thing had happened {X} {NS} Dad had an old hound dog that was a squirrel dog And He brought her along with the puppies she had some puppies And they would Were practically weening size so they he didn't want them so he left the puppies out there with his brother Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And he'd bring this old dog along and Just tie her or let her follow along behind the wagon Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And When night come if uh if he took a notion to Have a fish supper they'd camp on the stream and he catch them as fish catch them anywhere you know Or if he wanted squirrels to eat he'd just take a This old dog out and she'd treat three or four squirrels and he'd kill him and When he got to Bay And landed there he just turned the dog loose and said now this is home Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NS} And two days after he got there he missed his old dog And three weeks later he got a Letter from his brother's said old Belle has Come back Interviewer: {NW} 678: Feet so sore that uh Interviewer: {NW} 678: She couldn't hardly walk Interviewer: #1 Oh my heaven # 678: #2 {NW} # {NW} Went back to those puppies Interviewer: Good grief 678: {NW} Interviewer: Some are amazing 678: #1 He he was a # Interviewer: #2 {X} # 678: {NW} Interviewer: {NW} 678: He was afraid she would leave why I kept her tied up Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Under the the wagon and tied her at night Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But he said he thought well when we get there and get established She'll say well this is home Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: You know dogs wherever you move they go with you Interviewer: #1 Mm-hmm # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: #1 Normally # 678: #2 And # Yeah contended yeah Aux: Well good dogs were such a necessity 678: Oh yes part of your living that uh This dog's name was Belle and {NW} Three weeks later he said his brother said he woked up one morning and she was her feet was so sore she had Really crossed a mountain you know Forgot about the the roads Interviewer: Oh 678: But I crossed a {NW} In nineteen twenty-four Aux: {NW} 678: We went back up in Missouri on a visit we harvested our crop and In November My dad had just bought a new nineteen twenty-five model Ford touring car Interviewer: Mm-hmm oh 678: My brother had just got married and he had a Ford coop Glassed in rig Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Was scared to death of him then afraid he'd turn over and cut you all to pieces see Interviewer: {NW} 678: But we made this {X} Back and the first day {NW} We spent the night at Hardy Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: The second day out we spent the night at West Plains Missouri Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And when we drove into Osceola Missouri which was three hundred and forty miles from here Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: At the middle of the third day And I drive it now in seven hours {NW} Course we didn't drive at night we we'd get a we'd stay at hotels we stayed at a Hotel in Hardy And the bed ticks the bed bugs like to scared us all Interviewer: {NW} 678: And we started out the next morning {NS} And uh And uh {NS} On this black snake hill there was there was no no road as such in Between Hardy and Fair it's just a Gravel trail that Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Wagons could go over {NW} And model T cars could hardly make it they only had breaks on the back wheels you just locked the back wheels And there'd be so many rocks under there this old car would just keep rolling see And you'd luck and stop it But we got behind a caravan of gypsies Interviewer: Oh 678: When we left Hardy {NW} And there there was no place for them to go they couldn't get off the road and wouldn't have if they could And we trailed them suckers until We got about halfway between uh Hardy and Mammoth Springs And they They crossed a creek up there they call Otter creek And they just spread out there and Camped {NW} Now they had the wagons And some old buggies And they led their cows along with them their Shetland ponies along with them the kids were walking {NW} Billy goats they had everything imaginable along there with them {NW} So when they spread out to camp we got by But I I bet you that it took us Three hours To go the eighteen miles from Hardy to Manly #1 Springs # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Behind the #1 Gypsies # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: {NW} Oh that's 678: Well we better quit on that Aux: Death of those gypsies Interviewer: Oh really Aux: Yeah 678: We'll say goodnight to you and uh Uh Interviewer: One thing before you go I I just backed up and realized I left out something I wanted you to name some of the uh you know rivers and ditches and things around here just give some of the names 678: Down in #1 My part of the country # Interviewer: #2 Right # 678: {NW} Well we're about uh We're we're due west of San Francis River Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: We're about uh Four miles as a crow flies Interviewer: Oh south 678: It's only about four miles straight across to the San Francis River And then we have uh Uh Big Bay Ditch Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Is between us and Trumann Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: Now Little Bay Ditch is the ditch you cross just before you get to {X} Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Going to Bay Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh Then a little ditch just below Bay is uh what the call Bull Run Slew Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: It was one of the slews Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Those are the only three ditches that would be right close to us Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: I over close to the Lake City Highway there's one they call Maple Slew Ditch Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh Well That's as far as we should go I reckon get on over on Lake City I know some more there's one they call uh Aux: Huckleberry 678: Huckleberry and one that is Buffalo Ditch and there's Candy Candy Island Ditch Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: There's Whistle Ditch Interviewer: Oh that's great ditch 678: {NW} Interviewer: Great 678: {NS} My great grandfather Interviewer: Oh this is the one that your #1 Great great # 678: #2 Eighteen and ninety # One see #1 Ninety # Interviewer: #2 Oh # Beautiful 678: #1 See I was telling you about the # Interviewer: #2 Writing # 678: The peculiar ink Interviewer: The the ink 678: Uh-huh Interviewer: It's a it's a brown #1 Looking sort of how # 678: #2 It's how they wrote them back then # Back then Interviewer: Oh 678: {NW} Interviewer: It's beautiful writing though you know it's really pretty look that #1 On that uh # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: W there #1 The way h- # 678: #2 Mm-hmm # Interviewer: He did that fancy thing on there 678: He was a county judge {X} Interviewer: He was the 678: Saint Clare county at the time that he Interviewer: The time that he wrote that 678: Wrote this letter And #1 Just thought you might like # Interviewer: #2 Oh that is # 678: To see that and this is the married license for my dad and mother look Interviewer: Aw 678: {NS} I like those Interviewer: Oh yeah isn't that #1 Pretty aren't they pretty and look at that picture on there # 678: #2 Prettier than today you know uh-huh yeah I like that # Interviewer: Uh-huh I like that too Saint Clare county eighteen ninety oh 678: Quite a while hasn't it Interviewer: Oh it sure has 678: {NW} Now I won't take up the time to let you read this This is something I'm going to give you Interviewer: Oh good 678: {NW} And what it is You know we're in our bicentennial Interviewer: Oh yeah mm-hmm 678: And uh They ask the mayors Or the school superintendents or anyone {NW} That's uh has anything to do with public life or even an individual if they wanted to to write something Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: {NS} To be used {NS} During the Next hundred years {NW} What what they're going to do down on the banks of the Arkansas river {NW} They're gonna have a sort of a tomb or something there and then they're gonna store all the data #1 That they get see # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: And then at the in the The year of two thousand seventy six it's going to be opened #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Oh I see # 678: And uh I wrote a letter As if I was the town of Bay speaking Interviewer: Oh you did #1 And so you # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: gave them that 678: And sent that and then {NS} I wrote uh {NS} As the mayor of Bay Interviewer: Oh 678: #1 Two # Interviewer: #2 So you wrote # Two different #1 Letters # 678: #2 So if # You want to take time to read this part of it why do so you might want to {NS} Comment on it and You can read it here and then #1 You can take that with you # Interviewer: #2 Oh this is really interesting # Now did you wrote this like you were the 678: I'm the it's like I'm the town of Bay speaking see Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Not me or the mayor there but the town of #1 Bay # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Oh this is really 678: To to I'm speaking to the mayor of Two thousand seventy six Interviewer: To the mayor of Bay in that year mm-hmm oh you've got this about the uh the flooding and everything 678: Mm-hmm Just as brief a history as I could give of the town Interviewer: Mm-hmm oh then you've got this flu epidemic that I just never have heard of flu being like that or in the depression Oh you've got everything about the school too {NS} Oh the the corps of engineers Uh I was gonna ask you what they did about the flooding 678: That's what they did they built these levees Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: We haven't had a flood since Interviewer: Who sponsors it 678: Government Interviewer: Mm-hmm oh yeah world war two oh the hub of the universe 678: That's what I jokingly tell people Interviewer: {NW} Oh that is so good oh that 678: And the next one is uh a letter that I have {NW} Was mayor Interviewer: As as you personally 678: #1 Yeah mm-hmm # Interviewer: #2 Uh # 678: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 678: It's been briefed as much as I could Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: They ask you to do you know briefing as much as possible Interviewer: Oh they ask it to brief yeah that is really #1 Something # 678: #2 Now that # They will do Interviewer: So what 678: They they make uh they make uh Pictures of this and then reduce it down Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But they reduce it to to the point to where it will you can read it Interviewer: Oh 678: Almost don't matter how small Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And that'll be put in a little capsule Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And then But this year if we're world's still standing This will be delivered to whoever's mayor of this town if the town is still standing Interviewer: Oh that's a great idea isn't that something to think about that a hundred years from now #1 Somebody will read # 678: #2 Yeah # Interviewer: What you wrote what is that 678: {NW} That's {X} My dad's old Uh graves up in Jonesboro that was in Interviewer: Oh 678: An old {X} In nineteen oh two see Interviewer: The oh their graves are up in Jonesboro 678: By the old city cemetery Interviewer: Oh and that's where you dad and #1 Mom # 678: #2 {NW} # That's right where they Saint Bernard's hospital Interviewer: Oh 678: That's where they're buried and that's a Deed to their grave To their lots {NW} He bought twenty lots Twenty Interviewer: #1 Lots # 678: #2 And he # Gave them all away Except uh {NW} We had a brother in law that got killed Young in life and they buried him there But then back in those days Dirt roads Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And uh People never thought of A burying place And sometimes you couldn't dig your grave here the water would be so close to the ground during the flood seasons Interviewer: Oh yeah 678: So They would die And he and a few other leading citizens would buy him a coffin or make him one Put him on a train take him to Jonesboro and he gave all his graves away we don't even know who's on there except my brother in law my dad and my brother Interviewer: And you don't even know who's on the rest of them they don't have any 678: No markers Interviewer: No markers 678: No markers nothing Interviewer: Golly 678: Just uh Just the three graves that we knew of and He gave he put his son in law there and then he reserved one for himself one for his mother Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: I mean for his wife my mother Interviewer: And that's the city 678: City cemetery Interviewer: City cemetery do they have a cemetery here now 678: Mm-mm #1 Not at Bay # Interviewer: #2 At Bay # 678: #1 Well # Interviewer: #2 They still have # 678: We have some Indian mounds up here that they #1 Used to bury # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # 678: On but They don't uh they never did have uh cemeteries as such you know People just buried on the mounds because that was above the water Interviewer: That's above the water oh yeah that's right because you've always had such a problem here 678: It was a problem Interviewer: With flooding and all that 678: I've been to Up here at Bowman on eighteen highway between here and Lake City Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: There's a Big Graveyard there and It's kind of on a higher plane than the rest of the land #1 But # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: {NW} I have helped bury people there when two men would have to stand on the box and hold it down in the water to cover him up Interviewer: {NW} 678: Isn't that that terrible Interviewer: Oh that's terrible oh 678: Stand on the box and holding the water let that cold muddy water run in #1 There and # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: Throw the throw the mud in on it Interviewer: Oh mm that's awful well speaking of {X} You ready to roads roads was the one I wanted to ask you about um when they first began to improve roads what was the first thing that they did to them in the way of improving them 678: You mean after the roads were already laid out Interviewer: #1 Yeah # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Well the first thing they would do would be to take what I I told you last night the road slips Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: This is a big old Enormous scoop #1 Maybe so wide # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # Mm-hmm 678: With handles that the man held onto and hooked the team onto a bale like Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh these roads had {NS} Sag holes mud holes we'd call them {NS} And uh {NW} Wherever the Mud holes were why they'd dig these ditches And put this dirt in to build the holes out See Interviewer: Oh I see 678: And get them to S- Somewhere near a level Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And then {NW} Later years well they got the old road graters Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Similar to the ones they have now but they were pulled by teams Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And they would go into each one of these ditches and pull dirt Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: In there and drag it off to a level Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And that continued until they graveled them Interviewer: Oh I see and then when they graveled them did they did they have to put something down on the before that to make the gravel stick to the road or anything 678: No #1 Just embeds # Interviewer: #2 Just put gravel # 678: Itself into the ground Interviewer: It just I see mm-hmm well um if you were talking about a a road that was uh just out in the country a little road that goes off of the main road what would you call it 678: Well some of them call them lanes Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And uh Some of them call them access roads Interviewer: Mm-hmm mm-hmm 678: That word that word came along later #1 Most of the # Interviewer: #2 That was the later # Yeah 678: Mostly they were Lanes Uh-huh You know they would lead up to a house Home or To a into a man's farm Interviewer: Oh or into a 678: #1 Man's farm # Interviewer: #2 Or he had # Mm-hmm 678: Maybe He and his team was the only one that would get in there Interviewer: #1 Oh I see # 678: #2 They were just # Lanes they would call them Not a public thoroughfare #1 At all # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm # 678: Not #1 Wasn't even maintained # Interviewer: #2 Not a public # 678: By the county #1 See # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: It's just a If it went up to the home the people Owners or renters maintained it Or let it go whichever they would choose And went into the farm that is Strictly up to the farmer to Make that road passable Interviewer: Mm-hmm {NS} Um in the something along the side of a street for people to walk on 678: You mean the sidewalks Interviewer: What was that what material what was that made from 678: Well I remember here in Bay when we had board sidewalks Interviewer: Oh really 678: And then Along about Nineteen sixteen or seventeen when I was about {NW} Eight year old something like that They uh Built two or three walks on the main street over here uh out of this uh ground up chat white chat Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And then oh about in the twenties in the early twenties they began to make concrete sidewalks Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: But I remember Plenty of boardwalks around Interviewer: Oh you do 678: Grass growing up between the cracks Interviewer: Grass growing up between them well now have you ever seen a sidewalk that would have a there'd be the sidewalk and then the strip of grass and then the street 678: Yes Interviewer: Strip of grass do you know a name for that strip of grass 678: No Interviewer: Never heard of that okay if um now this part's about expressions that people might use if you've been walking along the road and a mean dog uh jumps you might pick up a 678: Well Whatever you get ahold of a club or Limb Interviewer: Or maybe uh something lying uh or maybe a rock 678: That would depend on where you was walking Interviewer: #1 Uh-huh # 678: #2 If you was # In a rocky country Certainly you'd Pick up a rock #1 I'm trying to think around because just # Interviewer: #2 And then you'd say oh well # 678: On a plain old dirt country road you'd run Interviewer: #1 Oh then you'd run you wouldn't have a # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: Yeah you probably wouldn't have a rock 678: {NW} Interviewer: Well now if you were talking about a rock would you probably say you picked up a rock and then you 678: Threw it Interviewer: Threw it you 678: And then run Interviewer: Okay 678: Mary Interviewer: And then yeah and if somebody came to visit you you might say well just sit down and make yourself 678: At home That's an old expression Interviewer: That's a yeah um now if you were talking about putting milk in coffee you'd say some people like coffee if they do want milk in it you'd say they like their coffee 678: Well you want this modern word integrated Interviewer: {NW} #1 I've never heard anyone say that about coffee # 678: #2 {NW} # Yeah Interviewer: Well now 678: Got white in there and integrated you know Interviewer: {NW} Never heard anybody say that about their coffee if you don't put anything in coffee you say you're drinking it 678: Straight that's what we used Interviewer: Straight yeah uh-huh 678: Like you do your whiskey Interviewer: Mm-hmm they'd say straight mm-hmm that that's interesting I like that um and that was more common than saying black #1 At that time # 678: #2 Oh yeah # Um now if you were going to town and you didn't want to go alone you might say to somebody well come on and go Oh #1 I'd generally say # Interviewer: #2 Come on # 678: Come come along or #1 Go along # Interviewer: #2 Go # 678: Go along with me #1 Something like that # Interviewer: #2 Mm-hmm mm-hmm # And now if that person didn't want to go uh you might say well that's okay I'll just go with without you or how would you say that I'll just go 678: Oh see you tomorrow Interviewer: Um if somebody was not going away from you you'd say they were coming straight 678: Towards you Interviewer: And if you ran into somebody um if you saw somebody that you haven't seen in a long time you might come home and say well guess who I ran 678: Into Interviewer: And if the child was given the same name as her aunt for example you'd say they named that child 678: After was the word they used to use Interviewer: Uh if you had a dog and you wanted it to attack another dog or a person or something 678: You'd just sic him Interviewer: They'd say sic him now if you were talking about a dog that was no particular breed of mixed breed of dog you'd call it a 678: Two two different names a cur or a mongrel Interviewer: Uh-huh oh you know both those names um how about one of those little bitty dogs that barks all the time you call them a people would have in their yard 678: Oh Interviewer: You ever heard of a feist #1 Dog # 678: #2 Yeah # Feist but uh They don't bark as much as the chihuahuas Interviewer: Oh chihuahuas 678: They're the ones that do the #1 Barking # Interviewer: #2 They're the # The yeah uh now if somebody had a mean watch dog and kept it inside a fence uh you'd say to that person so somebody was trying to go in there you'd say you'd better be careful or you'll get 678: Dog bit Dangerous dog Interviewer: Uh now what would you call a male horse 678: A male horse Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Well now that depends on whether he had been castrated or not Interviewer: Oh I see I see one 678: If he hadn't been castrated he's a stud Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And if he has been uh If he has been castrated why He's uh {X} He'd be called a stud or a stallion #1 If he hadn't been but uh # Interviewer: #2 Or a stallion if he hadn't # 678: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 678: Well the dickens Interviewer: #1 I don't know any other # 678: #2 I know as well as I know my own name # I know but I can't think of the name uh Gosh {NS} As many of them as I helped operate on and Interviewer: {NW} 678: Sometimes words hang up with me like that Interviewer: Well um I'll ask another maybe it'll come to you later what would you call a female 678: Mare Interviewer: Did you ever remember um well words well like bull for example do you ever remember people saying that you shouldn't say that in front of women have you ever 678: Oh yeah when when I was growing up why words like I use In front of you no offense intended at all you know why Uh we just didn't use it Interviewer: Well what would they they would not say bull for example in front of a woman 678: Well the grown ups would say it to But men would seldom say it in front of the women Interviewer: They wouldn't 678: No sir Interviewer: What would they say instead 678: Well they the man would tell his wife talking about the bull you know but {NS} #1 They wouldn't uh # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # But not in general 678: They just wouldn't some lady come in why He wouldn't walk into where she Interviewer: Huh 678: This lady and wouldn't say hey that bull jumped the fence Interviewer: They wouldn't 678: Say old {D: Roney} or #1 Whatever they called him jumped the fence # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: {NW} Interviewer: Would the same thing go for stud and stallion 678: That's right Interviewer: Huh 678: Well I can't think of that name I'm declaring my time Interviewer: Um I don't know what that I don't know that name either 678: Oh it's common as stud and stallion but Interviewer: Um only thing I can think of is a gelding is that it no 678: Gelding Interviewer: It's gelding yes 678: #1 That's it # Interviewer: #2 I wasn't even # Sure if gelding was 678: Gelding that's what Interviewer: Um Aux: Hello {X} Interviewer: Oh Aux: Come to take care of Interviewer: You've got company you've got company Aux: {X} {NS} Interviewer: You want to go ahead and talk to them {NS} Like just {NS} 678: Yeah Interviewer: I just happened to come at your busiest 678: Well it all it always happens when you When you don't want to be bothered you are see Interviewer: Okay um now if you were talking about riding horses and if you couldn't stay on the horse you'd say I fell 678: You were throwed off Bucked off whichever one Interviewer: Uh now if a little child went to Sleep in the bed the next morning found himself on the floor he'd say I must have fallen 678: Off out off whatever Interviewer: Off or out which would you 678: Off Interviewer: Fallen off the bed or out of the bed 678: Well Either way Um Interviewer: Um the things that you 678: I would say off Interviewer: You'd say off the things that the things that you put on a horse's feet to protect them from the road 678: Shoe horse shoes Interviewer: And the parts of the foot that the parts of the feet that you put them onto 678: The hoof Uh do you put them on all four uh Yeah {NS} Especially if you're in uh rocky country Interviewer: Uh-huh then you put them on all four of the 678: Sometimes in in the in this country where there's no rocks at all we'd insure Or just common Plow stock Interviewer: Oh you didn't 678: Uh-uh But uh if #1 We had one of those # Interviewer: #2 Well it must not # Get to 678: Well {NW} You know Horses are in in some respects like humans you know some humans' fingernails are brittle and tear up Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And some horses Uh hooves would split if you didn't keep them shut Interviewer: Oh I see 678: But we've got to remember that uh until man come along they weren't shut And they made it see Interviewer: Yeah of course 678: So when {NW} In the rock country I suppose before they're captured they just simply take care of theirself if their feet get sore they don't Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: They just don't run Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Anymore than they have to Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And then uh Probably tougher Than they are in the in the Swamp lands or low lands Interviewer: Um the game that you play with those uh if you were tossing the 678: #1 Horse shoes # Interviewer: #2 Horse shoes # 678: You mean pitching horse shoes Interviewer: Pitching horse shoes 678: Done a lot of that Interviewer: Oh you have um if you were talking about sheep the male sheep would be called 678: He's a ram and uh The uh Female is a ewe I guess you call it E W E Interviewer: Mm-hmm um 678: I never did know how to pronounce that #1 If it was ewe or ewe # Interviewer: #2 I think ewe is what I thought # 678: Is it ewe or ewe #1 Depends on how they handle it # Interviewer: #2 I I call it ewe # 678: #1 Ewe # Interviewer: #2 Yeah # I call it ewe but I I'm not really sure 678: I imagine that's the way it's pronounced Interviewer: I don't know much about sheep 678: Me either Interviewer: Well what do you call the stuff that they have on their backs that you raise them for 678: Wool Interviewer: Um Now I know something about billy goats 678: #1 They're I raised # Interviewer: #2 Oh you know about # 678: Billy goats Interviewer: Oh you have really what did what did you raise them for 678: To play with my brother and I played with them worked them to wagons Interviewer: Oh you did you had them pull wagons 678: Yeah Make them a leather harness Interviewer: #1 I didn't know that # 678: #2 My dad # Give her give us all Line plow uh Horse chick lines you know and so forth and we'd Cut them up and take brads And make a goat harness Interviewer: Oh you did 678: Working singles working double just like working horses Yeah We had some fine goats Three or four at a time you know great big old billy goats Interviewer: Uh-huh gosh that's really um if you had a what would you call a male hog 678: Boar Interviewer: Now if you if you had uh uh a boar and uh you didn't want it what would they call it uh if it was castrated it if we were talking 678: Barrow B A R R O W Interviewer: How about um a female hog what would you call that 678: See well uh There's two Before she ever has pigs she's a gilt Interviewer: I see 678: After she has pigs she's a sow Interviewer: Oh that's what makes the difference between that oh well what 678: Like a girl she's a maiden until Interviewer: And then a 678: Until she has Well Until she gets to be an adult maiden #1 You know and # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 678: If she marries why then she Has children she goes into womanhood Interviewer: That's very I never thought 678: Even if uh {NW} Well after she's married #1 She enters womanhood # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # 678: You know No matter what age right she's considered a woman but she's a Maiden until that Interviewer: That's really interesting well what about um first born what do you call a hog 678: That'd be uh well they're called pigs Interviewer: Oh 678: Yeah Interviewer: Well how big are they before they start calling them hogs 678: It depends on the individual that calls them mostly Mary when they get uh we'd say Half grown we call them shoats Interviewer: Oh 678: And at the same time he's called a and I'm referring to a male Interviewer: Yeah 678: He's called a shoat She's called a gilt Interviewer: Oh I see 678: That's a teenager Interviewer: That would be the teenager 678: {NW} The teenager {NW} That's the teenager Same way with Cows you may want to get to that later I don't know but the cow would be called Calf Interviewer: Uh-huh mm-hmm 678: Course And uh {X} Castrated bull's a steer Interviewer: Oh I see 678: And uh and uh A female cow until she has a calf is a heifer Is a heifer oh is that what a heifer is and then after that then they call her the Cow Cow because she's already Gone into that state Interviewer: Yeah I was so amazed when you were talking about in that in your memoirs about having had to help deliver {NW} That's good um 678: Quite a quite an experience Interviewer: Oh I bet 678: Rory and his sister Interviewer: Right 678: But it was either that or lose the Interviewer: Or lose the 678: The heifer see I'll always remember just how she looked Interviewer: Mm and you did it too 678: Yeah yeah {NW} Cleaned that calf up {X} He made a dandy Interviewer: Uh people could just probably do anything then it seems like from talking to you 678: Had to Interviewer: Because you yeah you just 678: You do what you can to survive and then to survive why you have to do Interviewer: Um what would they call the stiff hairs on a hog's back 678: Bristles I suppose Interviewer: And how about those long teeth 678: Uh tusk tusk uh Tusks Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Tusks Interviewer: And how about those wooden uh like those long wooden things they fed the hogs in 678: Hog trough Interviewer: Would they have more than one on where they had 678: Oh depends on the amount of hogs you have Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: If you have more than Four or five hogs then you need two troughs because they'll fight shove one another #1 And steal food # Interviewer: #2 Oh they would # 678: Yeah Interviewer: {NW} 678: Knock the food down on the ground there and eat dirt food and all see Interviewer: Oh oh um the uh how about would they ever have any wild hogs around here 678: Yes I climbed through trees to get away from them Interviewer: Really 678: When my dad would My brother and I would coon hunt Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: I remember Very well one night we had a Man with us we called name Lemers we called him cotton Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: He lived on a Farm up on {X} Ditch my dad had cleared up and He went coon hunting with us one night and these hogs {NW} Got after our dogs Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: Well the dogs always run to the humans for protection Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And they had cut the timber out of this woods and lot of it they cut during the When the water was up Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: {NW} And they made uh {NS} Uh Something like trestles or Two legs out here and a long board and the trestles would sit on the ground the board leaned against the trees and these men would stand on there to saw the tree down Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: So that left a stump Oh maybe six foot high Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: These hogs came along my dad scaled onto those things he climbed up there But my brother and And uh Cotton Lemers and I we all climbed trees Interviewer: Oh you did 678: I remember this one particular night that {NW} That uh Cotton we always looked on as sort of a joke you know he was a big coward Interviewer: Uh-huh {NW} 678: And I climbed this tree with a twenty two rifle in my hand I got up pretty and I was just nine year old when this happened Interviewer: Oh 678: And he I said where are you Cotton he said here I am and he was thirty feet above me up the #1 Same tree yes # Interviewer: #2 Oh on the same tree # 678: #1 # Interviewer: #2 # 678: #1 That's how fast he'd gone up there # Interviewer: #2 {NW} # Well have you I guess you have climbed a lot of trees in your 678: Not any more than I had to I I was always a little fearful of them Climbing trees but my brother would climb anything that he could get That he could possibly Interviewer: Oh he 678: In other words we'd tree a coon and Couldn't find him See you The way you hunt coons you carry a headlight and they look at you their eyes shine and That's when you shoot them Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: That way And some of them were smart enough to {NW} We called it hiding their eyes they'd lay with their head in their Paws you know #1 {X} # Interviewer: #2 Oh # 678: #1 Or they'd # Interviewer: #2 Uh-uh # 678: Lay up hang on the tree Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And my brother would climb Up the tree and and scare him around to where he'd have to go out on a limb And he'd climb down one of the I'd shoot them out {NS} Time or two shot his head my brother's hunting coat you know he Interviewer: You don't mean it 678: He'd pull it up around his neck and hide on the tree you know Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Shot it through {X} Interviewer: Oh 678: But uh I wasn't a climber Interviewer: Yeah oh you you've never climbed much 678: I had perforated ear drums one thing Interviewer: Oh 678: And the heights would uh ween me you know and I was afraid they'd fall out scared really scared to #1 Climb # Interviewer: #2 Sure # 678: Tonight the hogs have got to have {X} Interviewer: {NW} 678: But my brother was climbing Interviewer: Oh that's so good um is the the noise that a calf makes 678: {NW} Interviewer: Uh when it wants its mother you say the calf is 678: Oh several expressions he uh He bleats uh Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: The old cow she moos you know that's what uh Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: But uh Use a Expression we would always call say the calf was bellowing for its mama Interviewer: Oh bellowing for its uh-huh 678: That uh actually I think it would have been referred to as lady Interviewer: Lady how about the noise that a horse makes the sound of 678: Neighs Interviewer: Uh now is that the same as a whinny or a nicker 678: Yeah Same thing uh Neigh is when they let out a long one when they see horses way off and then when they They come up close to them why he whinnies or nickers #1 That's their greeting # Interviewer: #2 I see # It's a greeting 678: A neigh it might could be a call you know Interviewer: Would be more like a 678: #1 Salutation # Interviewer: #2 A call # 678: #1 To something way off # Interviewer: #2 Uh-huh # Uh-huh 678: But when they get up close why they'll roll their neck and whinny and Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: And Haul you know and it's just a language that they're going through Interviewer: Um would people if they were talking about hens and turkeys and geese and all those different things together would they r- did they have a name to refer to those various things as 678: In the chicken family he's a rooster or a hen Interviewer: Uh-huh uh-huh 678: Uh Before she lays eggs she's a pullet Interviewer: Uh-huh I see oh you know all those things 678: Yeah {NW} And uh Interviewer: Would it be the same for any type of fowls 678: About what now Interviewer: Any type of fowl 678: Yeah uh the rooster Uh Before he gets grown he's a Well I c- again I can't think of what we called him I {NS} Chickens are But the turkeys are gobblers Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: {NW} Or hens Interviewer: Mm-hmm 678: And they're also pullets before they Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: Guineas are the same thing Interviewer: Uh-huh 678: You know what a guinea is don't you Interviewer: It's I you I I 678: #1 That's the noisiest # Interviewer: #2 Really # 678: Thing in the country we got some out of across town Interviewer: You mentioned about it in your memoirs #1 You mentioned something about guineas in there # 678: #2 {NW} # Interviewer: I I remember that mentioned but now if you were calling those would you call guineas and turkeys and things like that would they have you call them fowl would they have 678: Yeah they're in the fowl family Interviewer: Uh what do you call a hen on a nest of eggs 678: She's a sitting hen Interviewer: And uh something a kind of a little thing to put chickens in 678: Coop {X} Coop Interviewer: And when you're eating chicken there's a bone that the kids would like uh-oh {NS}