703: {D: they're awfully light} {D: made of sharp speech} interviewer: tape seven play after tape six what is it you call the animals like cows horses and mules so forth when you had to g- go out and feed 703: now you want me to give interviewer: again we didn't get that a minute ago 703: I ju- I j- we just always said we had to go tend to the stock or feed the cows #1 and # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: and and the men fed the horses {C: interviewer coughing} I never fed the horses but interviewer: if you're going to feed the hens turkeys geese and so forth you have a name for all of 'em you're going to go out to feed 703: I would go out and and pick up the eggs and and give corn to the chickens Mama never #1 did have # interviewer: #2 did you have # a name for all of 'em? chickens turkeys 703: mama never had any turkeys she had some geese interviewer: geese did you have a name #1 for all of 'em # 703: #2 but I didn't # feed them interviewer: #1 well if # 703: #2 we had # interviewer: somebody did what would you call it went out to feed the what 703: go out to feed the interviewer: what'd you call 'em did you call 'em anything well what'd you call a hen on a nest of eggs 703: setting interviewer: and um a place where the chickens lived what'd you call that 703: hen house #1 well see I never # interviewer: #2 what was the uh # 703: I never fed nothing but the ch- but the chickens interviewer: the part of the chickens that was supposed to be lucky when you ate the chickens what was what was the lucky bone what did you what did you call that 703: uh that well what did we call it interviewer: what did you call it did you call it a wishbone? 703: wishbone interviewer: uh what do you call the inside parts of the chicken that you eat like the liver the heart and the gizzard #1 chicken # 703: #2 gib- # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # giblets interviewer: and the part that you sometimes eat and you so sometimes stuff sausage in was called 703: the cavity in the chicken interviewer: no no this isn't on a chicken this is on a uh a hog 703: oh interviewer: the part that you eat and you sometimes stuff sausage in 703: oh well interviewer: maybe you didn't eat that part of it 703: no my mother always put her sausage up in sacks #1 made out # interviewer: #2 no # I'm talking about 703: #1 but uh # interviewer: #2 what # part of the animal did it come from? what'd you call it you called it the 703: to make sausage #1 out of? # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: uh Papa took all the lean from down the back where we called T-bone #1 now # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: and uh or T is it T-bone in the in uh calves uh well anyway all that back instead of being cut up well he'd that went into backbone and he took all the lean meat in there and put it in a sausage trimmed the hams and the shoulders put the lean meat and sauce and some fat but not too much interviewer: did you ever use the insides of the hog for anything? some people did 703: my {X} used those intestines and cleaned 'em and stuffed her sausage in that and then smoked it interviewer: well what did you call that? 703: I don't know #1 cause my mother # interviewer: #2 did you call it just # intestines is that what you'd call it? 703: no that's not what she called it but I don't know cause my mother never done it interviewer: mm-hmm 703: and then the chitlins interviewer: mm-hmm 703: uh some people m- it ate chitlins and my mother never m- fixed none of those things I never ate a bite of one in my life interviewer: mm-hmm oh 703: but my sister in law just loves them did like 'em so much she can't eat 'em anymore interviewer: if it's time to feed the stock and do the chores you'd say it is if it was time to do that to feed the stock to do the chores you say it {X} 703: time to time to go uh go out and and feed #1 well # interviewer: #2 What kind of time # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # okay did you call it feeding time? 703: mm-hmm interviewer: um what how did you call a cows what call did you use? or any one of the family 703: I can't remember interviewer: #1 if you call a pasture # 703: #2 let's see how did he # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # interviewer: if it what did you call the how did you call a calf? or if you didn't but do you know how someone else did it in the family? 703: we just drove 'em where we wanted 'em to go interviewer: okay you didn't call 'em uh what'd you say to a mule or a horse to make him go left and right 703: hee haw interviewer: and 703: #1 hee w- # interviewer: #2 we # 703: hee was for one side and haw for the other #1 other # interviewer: #2 hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # maybe that's where they got that name for that TV program 703: maybe so interviewer: I didn't know that what did you call to the horses when you trying to get 'em from the pasture did you ever have any type of a call? none you just went out and drove 'em in? 703: #1 went out and put her {C: bump} # interviewer: #2 did # 703: bridle on brought 'em in or something {C: bumps} interviewer: um when you wanted a horse to to move for you what did you say to him 703: get up interviewer: #1 did you ever call # 703: #2 that you'd take the # #1 take the reins # interviewer: #2 mm mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: #1 that's the # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: thing that goes down the back interviewer: mm-hmm 703: and kinda p- give 'em a little of that say get up interviewer: and then to stop him or to back him up you'd 703: just we'd just pull tight on the reins and and stop without saying anything as far as I remember interviewer: mm-hmm what about the call to pigs when you're getting ready to feed them 703: my papa did have a call for that sooey? #1 sooey? # interviewer: #2 sooey? # 703: #1 sooey sooey? # interviewer: #2 sooey? # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # uh what about call to sheep was there any call to sheep that you know of 703: uh-uh interviewer: a call to chickens? 703: chick chick chick chick chick chick chick interviewer: um whenever your father went out to get the horses ready for driving or plowing he said he had to go out to 703: put the harness on interviewer: and when you were riding the horse you had to put your feet 703: in the stirrups especially if you're older astride if you rode side saddled you couldn't get your feet interviewer: now if you were riding the horse and all of a sudden you slipped and you fell and you fell like this you fell 703: backwards interviewer: and if you fell like this you fell 703: forwards I remember they uh the side saddle didn't have stirrups but it had a thing up th- that you put y- leg up this way over {X} interviewer: the big um trenches cut by plow what did you call those 703: furrows interviewer: and if you wanted to get rid of brush and trees on the land you said you did what 703: clearing interviewer: and if it was the second cutting of clover of grass what did you call the old dry dead grass that's left over on the ground in the spring 703: I don't know #1 pap- # interviewer: #2 you # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: papa never cut it #1 a second time # interviewer: #2 you said you # never raised wheat but the wheat was if it was tied up it was tied up into what 703: into bundles interviewer: and then the bundles or sheaves are piled up into what would you call it when you piled 'em up they were piled up into a standing pile what was that called? 703: I don't know I've seen corn #1 shocked # interviewer: #2 uh # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # okay 703: mm-hmm I #1 started to say I had # interviewer: #2 and # 703: seen corn in shock interviewer: if you were putting those the corn up into baskets and you were measuring it you might say we we raised forty 703: bushels interviewer: of wheat to an acre or corn to an acre um what do you gotta do with oats to separate the grain from the rest of it 703: papa never raised any oats except just for green pasture interviewer: what's it called when you separate it? 703: I don't know interviewer: uh 703: he he'd raise it and and just turn stock fe- on it in the spring to let 'em graze it down interviewer: mm-hmm 703: don't think I ever knew of him cutting any oats interviewer: if something belongs to me you say it's 703: mine interviewer: but if it belongs to both of us you'd say it's 703: ours interviewer: if it belongs to them it's 703: theirs interviewer: if it belongs to him it's 703: his interviewer: if it belongs to her it's 703: hers interviewer: when people have been to visit you and they're about to leave you say to them 703: uh interviewer: come back again 703: come back #1 again # interviewer: #2 you say # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what do you say to a meet 703: I say we're glad to have had you come back again interviewer: alright but you might say y- you might point to 'em or you might have your hand out and say y- 703: {X} well we're sure g- glad to had you and uh come back again real soon or something like that and then say goodbye interviewer: you say y'all come back again? 703: #1 well # interviewer: #2 or you could say # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: #1 might # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: you all don't s- that's what they said th- that they accused us saying for one person but in the south say you all #1 for just # interviewer: #2 hmm # 703: one but I never did when I said you all it was more than one interviewer: um if you're asking about people at a party you would say if you wanted to know the people that'd been there instead of saying you all been there you would say you were asking someone you wanted to know the people that had been there at the party what would you say 703: who all was at the party interviewer: and when you're asking about a speaker's remarks you might say that he 703: #1 they made a # interviewer: #2 said # 703: good speech interviewer: yeah but if you're asking about all the things that he said you might say you might say to me 703: what did he talk about #1 or # interviewer: #2 yeah # you might say what did he talk about or would you say what all did he say? would you say something like that 703: {D: huh-uh} interviewer: uh we I asked you about some of the kinds of bread that were made from flour that maybe you've had as a child or a different type kinds of bread can you name some different kinds of bread that you 703: well interviewer: besides yeast bread I remember you mentioned that last 703: #1 ma- # interviewer: #2 night # 703: uh biscuits and yeast bread interviewer: did you have anything else any um 703: sometimes grandmother Griffin would make uh {C: name} uh the m- like biscuits out of her yeast and they called 'em what did they call 'em {D: yeaster} muffins no interviewer: if it was baked in loaves 703: #1 well it was loaf bread # interviewer: #2 what did you call it # alright uh when it was made to rise with yeast you called it 703: yeast bread interviewer: um any other kind of ba- uh bread that was baked in a pan? what would you call that 703: well uh corn bread? interviewer: yeah that would be one that would be um 703: #1 baked in a # interviewer: #2 made of cornmeal # but I'm talking about any others made of wheat that you might bake in a pan did you ever have anything like that? 703: nothing unless you made cake interviewer: mm-hmm uh 703: #1 or cookie # interviewer: #2 what about # other kinds of cornmeal breads and cakes made out of cornmeal 703: I've made muffins same thing as cornbread only cooked it in a muffin tin #1 and # interviewer: #2 what's a # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: I think there's was rolls that my husband's mother made with the yeast bread #1 kind of a roll # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what's a corn dodger? 703: corn dodger I don't know interviewer: now there were two kinds of bread #1 after you got older there was # 703: #2 oh yes there was two kinds of bread made out of # interviewer: a homemade bread and then the kind you bought at the store and you call that 703: I haven't bought any you're talking about meal or m- flour interviewer: no I'm talking about bread whenever you you used to make it at home and there was homemade bread and then what'd you call the kind that you went and bought at the store? what do you call it now? 703: loaf bread like that I make my sandwich out of interviewer: did you ever call it town bread or anything like that? 703: mm-mm interviewer: um what about the uh bread that was fried in deep fat with a hole in the center? might have it for breakfast #1 little round # 703: #2 what is it # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # interviewer: what do you call those little round things with the hole in the center and 703: donuts? interviewer: yeah are those what you had is that what you call 'em? or crooners? have you ever heard 'em called 703: #1 crullers # interviewer: #2 that # 703: #1 crullers # interviewer: #2 {X} # something like that is that the same thing to you? and what about the batter that you fry three or four at a time even put syrup and butter on 'em 703: that's some people call hot cakes mama called 'em pancakes interviewer: and when you needed flour at the store you went to the store to buy two 703: two two interviewer: two what of flour? 703: a bag of flour at a #1 time # interviewer: #2 no # by the weight you could bought two uh or five or ten 703: oh well that wasn't back in my early days you can now you can buy five ten to twen- and we used to buy a twenty four pound bag all the time when when we had a family #1 over there # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: but you don't even see that in the stores anymore five and #1 ten pounds # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # the inside part of an egg the yellow 703: #1 yolk # interviewer: #2 part # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # the um the yolk is what color 703: golden yellow interviewer: and if you cook 'em in hot water what do you call it? 703: boiling interviewer: and if you crack 'em and let 'em fall out of the shells in the hot water what are what kind are they? 703: many times have I done that haven't done it for a way interviewer: fat salt pork what do you call that 703: fat salt pork interviewer: yeah 703: what do you call it we just we just called it uh side meat interviewer: when you cut the side of a hog what did you call that? 703: say that again? interviewer: when you cut the side of a hog what did you call it? 703: part of it was fat and just used strictly for cooking boiling and food and y- it's that time and then maybe the lower part'd be smoked for bacon interviewer: okay so you called it a what a an the kind you slice thin to eat with eggs you might call that what 703: well you could buy uh you could buy the salt pork to eat with it or you could uh fry the bacon to eat with eggs interviewer: mm-hmm and the outside of the bacon is called the 703: skin or rind interviewer: the kind of meat that comes in little links on a chain 703: is that hot dogs? interviewer: well it's the li- the one that comes from the hog 703: oh like I was talking about miss {B} well interviewer: the s- 703: #1 she that # interviewer: #2 sa- # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: #1 she # interviewer: #2 sausage # isn't it 703: she she just called it uh stuffing #1 sausage # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: #1 in to these # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: uh after she'd clean these intestines real good and soaked 'em in saltwater for ever so long and then she'd stuff the sausage in there with a machi- little machine and then she'd smoke 'em #1 after they # interviewer: #2 the # 703: dried a while she'd smoke 'em interviewer: the man who kills and sells the meat is called was called the 703: butcher interviewer: and if the meat had been kept too long you'd say the meat 703: #1 spoiled # interviewer: #2 has done # what now after you butcher a hog what do you make with the meat from its head 703: souse interviewer: and what do you call a dish prepared by cooking and grinding up hog liver 703: I don't know I never had any of it interviewer: sausage or liver sausage or 703: #1 never had it # interviewer: #2 anything # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # did you ever make anything out of a hog's blood 703: no interviewer: did somebody else do it? 703: no interviewer: um did you ever take the juice of the head cheese or the liver sausage and stir it up with cornmeal maybe some hog meat and cook it and then later after it gets cold slice it and fry it? 703: no ma'am interviewer: um suppose you kept butter too long and it didn't taste good what do you call it? 703: rancid interviewer: the thick sour milk that you keep on hand is called 703: buttermilk or clabber {X} interviewer: the kind of cheese that you make from it from clabbered milk 703: I've been usually keep that all the time now I can't call it I don't have it right now can't think what is it interviewer: did you call it cottage cheese? 703: cottage cheese interviewer: um after you've milked the first thing you did after milking 703: strain that milk interviewer: and 703: to get any thing that might have be in it out sometimes you'd strain it two or three times through or two through two or three portions of uh cloth thicknesses of cloth interviewer: what did you bake in a deep dish made of apples with a crust on the top? 703: deep dish apple pie interviewer: uh if somebody had a good appetite and you'd say he sure likes to put away his like that he good appetite you'd say he sure likes to put away his 703: food interviewer: what do you call the sweet liquid that you pour over pudding 703: sauce interviewer: food taken between meals you might call it what 703: snack interviewer: what do people drink for breakfast most people 703: coffee #1 tea # interviewer: #2 how do you # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # how do you make it 703: you can brew it in a pot or use it to percolate it or just brew it in a plain old coffeepot now we have instant coffee and I still have uh percolator and I've got a new one and yet you drink instant coffee for dinner interviewer: I sure did if uh food's been cooked and served a second time you'd say it's been 703: leftovers interviewer: the dish made out of boiled Indian meal and some kind of liquid or a kind of pudding made of cornmeal and water 703: corn pudding interviewer: the um what do you call peas beets and the like you grow 'em in a 703: grow 'em in a garden interviewer: mm-kay but what do you call peas beets and the like what do you call all those things carrots 703: #1 vegetables # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # um in the south it's a white food that we sometimes have for breakfast and it's made from ground corn and boiled and it's white you serve it with salt pepper and butter and sometimes gravy what do you call that stuff 703: grits grits interviewer: alright and the the uh food the grain that's grown in Arkansas that has to have water in the fields? 703: what kind of grain interviewer: yes 703: uh interviewer: the one that uh we put the water over and uh we boil it and we serve it maybe along with some a little bit of butter on it and 703: boil boiled corn interviewer: no the grain the um uh it's a staple food of the Chinese and Japanese the little white grains and they grow it in the 703: rice interviewer: yeah and what are some names for non-tax paid alcoholic beverages 703: non-taxed interviewer: yeah non-taxed back in the long time ago the man used to make it out there on his farm and and he didn't pay taxes on it what'd you call it then 703: bootlegging interviewer: yeah and uh what'd you call the stuff he made 703: alcohol whiskey I guess interviewer: you call it whiskey? did you call it moonshine or 703: yeah they called it moonshine interviewer: moonshine 703: {D: for it} when they were doing it ille- ille- illegal interviewer: yeah that's what I was talking about and uh you crush this cane you boil the juice to make 703: #1 molasses # interviewer: #2 what # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and what do you call the sweet sticky liquid that you put on your pancakes 703: syrup interviewer: if it isn't imitation maple syrup you'd say it's gen- 703: genuine #1 maple syrup # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # when sugar isn't prepackaged but weighed out of a barrel you'd say it's sold 703: by the pound interviewer: if it was what about crackers they were sold 703: by the pound interviewer: a long #1 time ago # 703: #2 long # time ago interviewer: #1 uh # 703: #2 they were # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # interviewer: they were sold by the pound but uh they didn't come in a package so you said they were sold 703: they're just sold loose interviewer: #1 loose yeah # 703: #2 when you put 'em in a # interviewer: #1 yeah # 703: #2 bag # interviewer: yeah loose uh the sweet spread that you make by boiling sugar and the juice of apples or peaches or strawberries 703: preserves or jelly interviewer: mm-hmm and the two things that you use to season your food with that you usually put on the table 703: butter interviewer: two things that you sprinkle 703: oh sugar and salt uh salt and pepper interviewer: oh the uh inside a cherry you have the seed or what do you call the inside of the cherry? 703: pit interviewer: alright and what did you call the inside of a peach? 703: pit interviewer: the kind of the peaches where the flesh is tight against the stone did you have a name for them 703: {C: I don't know humming} there was freestone interviewer: okay that's the one where it's not 703: uh-huh and they uh cling peaches interviewer: the part of the apple that you threw away 703: core interviewer: when you cut up apples or peaches and you dry them you're making 703: dried fruit interviewer: and the a- whole the kinds of nuts what kinds of nuts do you have 703: #1 here in this part of the w- # interviewer: #2 okay # 703: #1 Arkansas # interviewer: #2 uh-huh # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: pecans and walnuts {C: bumps} it's all I know in this part of the country interviewer: what about the kind that uh was flat and oval and you might buy 'em at Christmas time they don't grow around here 703: some in there interviewer: almonds 703: almonds interviewer: um the kind of fruit that would grow in Florida 703: the grapefruit oranges limes melons interviewer: did you ever grow any little tiny red vegetables that were real hot that you pull out of the ground? 703: pepper interviewer: yeah but the little uh hot red ones the red ones they're they 703: cayenne pepper interviewer: sometimes they're not no not peppers but uh sometimes these little uh vegetables they look kinda like a a sp- they're red and white they look like a little they're real small and you put 'em in the a dish 703: #1 radish # interviewer: #2 maybe to # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # yeah and then the did you ever grow the the red vegetable that grew on a vine yeah you slice it and have it in a sandwich 703: red? interviewer: put it in yeah you put it in your salad lettuce and 703: tomato interviewer: now what did you call the little bitty ones 703: well #1 people used # interviewer: #2 what'd you # 703: to call 'em tomatoes {C: Tom a toes} the- but they're just small tomatoes they're just a variety of a tomato interviewer: what do you call the strong thing that makes tears in your eyes a strong vegetable 703: onions interviewer: and the vegetable that we picked and it was long and thin and you 703: #1 cucumbers # interviewer: #2 make a gumbo # out of it 703: #1 make a # interviewer: #2 gumbo # 703: oh okra interviewer: and if you leave an apple or a plum around it'll dry up and you say the skin of that dried apple was all 703: withered interviewer: and the large heaping le- uh heads of a vegetable instead of being a lettuce would be a something similar to a lettuce would be the heads of 703: cabbage? interviewer: Mm-hmm and the the bean that you was telling me about names that you said you were going 703: #1 bunch bean # interviewer: #2 to tell me # okay that was the early one did you 703: #1 that # interviewer: #2 say # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: that came first and then the Kentucky wonder came later interviewer: if you were going to put two bunches of lettuce you'd say you ha- you have got two 703: heads of lettuce interviewer: now if you're joking about boys and girls you might say you have two boys and three girls and you have would you ever say heads of children? would you ever use it that way? you never used it that way did you ever have any other name for a group of children several 703: some people call children kids but we didn't interviewer: would you ever call 'em a passel? 703: no interviewer: uh #1 the outside of an ear of corn # 703: #2 we used to call 'em children # if they were our children or our grandchildren interviewer: the outside of an ear of corn was 703: shucks interviewer: and then the kind that you ate on the cob 703: that was boiled corn interviewer: and the top of the corn stalk 703: had silks interviewer: alright 703: uh no tassels #1 at the top # interviewer: #2 tassels # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: and each ear had silk silks interviewer: the large round fruit that you make a jack-o-lantern out of 703: pumpkin interviewer: and something similar but the it's has yellow meat on the inside and uh it's good maybe to have for breakfast you might have had it in a a type of melon what kind was it 703: oh cantaloupe interviewer: and 703: or marsh melon interviewer: did you ever see this little tiny plant that came up in the spring in the woods underneath the leaves and we don't eat them 703: uh mushrooms? interviewer: yeah now the kind that you don't eat you had one name for maybe and the kind that you do eat 703: #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 you had a name for it # 703: called 'em something toads didn't we {C: bump} interviewer: toads- 703: #1 toadstools # interviewer: #2 tools # 703: and you better not eat if you don't know what you're doing you'll die from poison and I never ate one in my life except these bought ones interviewer: uh the large green things that are similar to a cantaloupe were 703: watermelon interviewer: what kinds and what did you eat and what kinds of meat and what kinds of seeds did they have in terms of the different kinds of 703: well they had reddish pink meat some of 'em have white seeds and some dark seeds is that what #1 you mean # interviewer: #2 yeah # and did you have any special kind that you grew? 703: well my father grew what they called a rattlesnake it had on the rind outside it kinda had lines and curved in a little called rattle #1 snake melon # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: and then he blu- uh grew a great big round green melon I don't know what that wa- what they called it but it was just a #1 great big round green melon # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: and they're the most expensive kind they didn't have these like they have it these stores here in town now in the summer time my father never raised any of those they {D: with say sin rights} interviewer: if a man has a sore throat and it's so sore the inside of his throat was all swollen you'd say he couldn't eat that piece of meat because he couldn't 703: swallow it interviewer: what do people smoke? two different things they smoke 703: tobacco interviewer: the little ones 703: cigarettes interviewer: mm-hmm and the bigger fat ones 703: cigars interviewer: and somebody offers to do you a favor you s- you say I appreciate it but I don't wanna be 703: beholden to you? interviewer: what kind of animals come and raid hen roosts? 703: minks will interviewer: did you have a name for all of 'em what'd you call 'em? 703: rodents interviewer: um how many different kinds of squirrels do we have in this country? 703: two #1 gray # interviewer: #2 more than two # 703: gray and fox interviewer: okay the owl that ho- the uh bird that hoots at night 703: owl interviewer: did you call it just an owl or did you call it a hoot owl 703: there's hoot owl and there's uh about three varieties of owls in this country one's a hoot owl and one's ano- a screech owl #1 and # interviewer: #2 okay # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # the um small kind of squirrel but it doesn't climb trees and leaves 703: #1 that looks # interviewer: #2 this # 703: kinda uh #1 like they have out west # interviewer: #2 {X} # 703: what did they call #1 that # interviewer: #2 chip- # -munk I think is what you said this morning so what do you call the little turtle that lives only on dry land what did you call it the one that maybe you had as a pet or your children had as a pet 703: Donna had one {C: name} I never did I played with it oh interviewer: do you call it a terrapin? 703: terrapin they said they're really what you said first though interviewer: a turtle? 703: turtle say that there no such thing as terrapin they're a turtle form of a turtle interviewer: the 703: but we called 'em terrapins {C: bump} interviewer: from the sea you get small animal in a shell that has pearls growing in it 703: #1 that's oysters # interviewer: #2 {X} # alright and uh the animal that makes the noise at the pond at night the croaking noise 703: frog interviewer: and then the little tiny ones you hear in the spring what do you call those? 703: water fro- water wa- water frogs or water I only know to say water frogs they're water something though interviewer: did you have any other names for 'em? 703: just what I said they're interviewer: okay 703: uh there's something else you do besides frogs oh t- tadpoles wasn't it? weren't they? interviewer: and the little brown one that lives in the garden that has warts on it 703: well that's just a a regular little garden frog {D: ye} it lives on #1 insects # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and down at the ground you find things to go fishing with like 703: worms interviewer: did you have a special name for any of 'em? 703: no interviewer: what about the little uh in freshwater streams the little thing with claws? can swim backwards what do you call those you f- you fish with those too would you call 'em cr- craw- 703: crawdads #1 crawfish # interviewer: #2 and then # 703: we called 'em some people'd call 'em a crawdad interviewer: okay both names and the fan tail sea animals that sometimes you have maybe with a dip or sometimes you can fry 'em and 703: #1 that's fish but # interviewer: #2 they're a little # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # yeah it's a type of fish and they 703: #1 is it # interviewer: #2 drag a # net and uh you can buy a few pounds of 'em and they're transparent you can almost see 'em and they're kind of a pinkish color thin and transparent and very small they have a little you usually eat the curved part of it and it's kind of a pink color 703: {D: I don't know} interviewer: the insect that flies around a light and tries to fly into it at night when you grab it the little powder comes off on your hands it flies little wings with powder comes off what about the one in the daytime that flies around lands on flowers the little insect that has the pretty wings you know a butterfly does that 703: oh yes interviewer: okay what do you call the ones at night? 703: well they make l- little lights out interviewer: no not that what I'm talking about the one with wings that flies at night it's not a butter butterflies in the day time and 703: does you're not talking about that where you used to see so many lights they'd make them little lights interviewer: no well what are the ones that c- what are the ones that make the lights? 703: oh we used to just have the biggest time catching them and I can't call the name of 'em do you? interviewer: they fight well I I call 'em a lightning bug 703: #1 yeah that's what I w- # interviewer: #2 but some people # 703: #1 call it # interviewer: #2 call 'em a # firefly 703: #1 yes # interviewer: #2 which # 703: #1 firefly or th- # interviewer: #2 did you call it # 703: we called 'em lightning bugs interviewer: yeah um there's a little thin-bodied insect that would go over the water and has real shiny wings and it would fly real fast over the water 703: that would that be a bird? interviewer: no this was a little insect 703: oh a little #1 insect # interviewer: #2 yeah # and it hovers around damp places and it and it eats mosquitoes 703: oh interviewer: it has a hard brittle little beak and two pairs of shiny wings two pairs of wings on each side two little thin sets of wings shiny they fly over the water real fast 703: {D: I don't know} interviewer: um the stinging kinds of insects what kind of insects do we have that sting around here 703: wasps and bees interviewer: the one that makes a big nest in a tree 703: #1 hornets # interviewer: #2 great big # yeah um 703: I haven't seen a hornet's nest though in a many a year interviewer: what about the ones that build the nests on the ground and swarm over you 703: what are they called it'd be uh bores a hole in the ground and makes it just like a wasps nest in the #1 ground # interviewer: #2 we'd call 'em # yellow jackets 703: yellow jackets uh-huh interviewer: the kind that a different insect that bites you at night and would carry malaria 703: skeet mosquito interviewer: the little tiny insect that left red welts on your body 703: ants interviewer: no the little tiny ones that crawl all over you you'd be covered with 'em and you #1 wouldn't know # 703: #2 ticks # interviewer: #1 # 703: #2 # interviewer: ticks and what else the uh little red ones and if you 703: #1 chiggers # interviewer: #2 didn't # mm-hmm uh the insect that hops through the grass it'd be 703: #1 grasshoppers # interviewer: #2 green # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # a small fish used for bait 703: there's another question I know it but I can't answer it interviewer: um what do you call the thing that you find stretched across the corners of a room that a spider makes 703: web now I gotta go and get ready honey interviewer: okay let's stop #1 there then # 703: #2 see it's fif- # teen till two and I've just got forty-five minutes interviewer: that you had to finish 703: I got I got something #1 written # interviewer: #2 um # 703: down in that purse so I interviewer: the name of the 703: {D: top water} interviewer: fish that was used for bait 703: topwaters interviewer: uh part of the tree that's underneath the ground is called the 703: roots interviewer: tell me some of the trees that are found in this community 703: oak gum hickory pine elm interviewer: what about any uh use tough wood used for chopping blocks what kind is that? 703: #1 for chopping blocks # interviewer: #2 the uh with broad # leaves to it has broad leaves and they shed 'em all at one time and the bark peels off in little knobs or balls 703: and they used interviewer: yeah these long white limbs and white scaly bark 703: white is that uh now there there I go again can't remember interviewer: okay what about the uh one where you get uh where you get your sugar uh 703: sugar maple interviewer: uh-huh 703: but we don't have those here interviewer: uh-huh we have some kind of maple though don't we 703: yes we have the red maple interviewer: mm-hmm 703: #1 just # interviewer: #2 and um # 703: just ornamental trees Mary Dean had one in her yard and I reckon it's still living interviewer: we have those at the that we eat the little fruit off of that George Washington cut down 703: now that's cherry #1 trees # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: but w- we don't have many of 'em in Arkansas my husband said that they had one in their ho- yard when he was a boy and grandmother Griffin said yes him and the birds got all the cherries interviewer: well what are some of the poisonous plants that we have in our area 703: poison ivy and poison oak the only two I know interviewer: what about that shrub that has the the leaves that are red in the fall it's poison to some people the bush 703: well that's uh there's poison ivy and po- I said poison ivy is a vine and then poison oak #1 is a # interviewer: #2 okay # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: #1 tree # interviewer: #2 okay # okay now name some of the berries that we grow wild in this area 703: grow wild interviewer: mm-hmm 703: blackberries and huckleberries is all I know that #1 grows wild # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # now what are some of the berries that you grew in your garden as a child 703: well interviewer: or as an adult 703: we had strawberries here but they wouldn't live out on that high hill up where my #1 uh I was raised # interviewer: #2 mm-hmm # 703: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 703: papa tried it and they wouldn't live there but we had a nice strawberry patch here and uh interviewer: do you have any of those little uh red or black ones the ones with the rough surface 703: blackberries? interviewer: raspberries did you have any of 703: #1 raspberries # interviewer: #2 those # 703: no we never did have we had uh one kind of berry that made good jelly had a big patch of it right out there let me see but I can't call it name them when I don't want when I want to I can't now I can't interviewer: um 703: one raspberry interviewer: some of the berries that grow in the woods are not good to eat if they could kill you you'd say that they are what 703: poison poisonous interviewer: um do you know the uh tall bush that has the pink and white flowers on it that bloom in the late spring 703: pink and white interviewer: yeah some of 'em have pink and some of 'em have white flowers clusters 703: in clusters interviewer: mm-hmm 703: dogwood? interviewer: mm-hmm what about some more do you know of anymore that grow in the mountains? 703: no I don't cause I