Auxiliary 1: He'd probably try to get in touch with me in the next few days 741: Well I hope so hope he hasn't absconded with the files why he would I #1 can't imagine. # Auxiliary 1: #2 Why I have # no idea why he would 741: #1 Mike # Auxiliary 1: #2 sir # 741: is managing my father's rent property this #1 summer. # Auxiliary 1: #2 Yeah a # slumlord 741: He yeah that's the truth. and uh so the guy that's been managing it I g- was he a college student you suppose? #1 well anyway we # Auxiliary 1: #2 I guess. # 741: can't he seems to have left and we can't find him and he's got the files and the #1 keys and the # interviewer: #2 Oh great. # 741: everything and interviewer: {X} Auxiliary 1: It is. but he wasn't too worried about it so 741: Dick wasn't worried. #1 about it? # Auxiliary 1: #2 No. # 741: Okay. {C: distorted audio} Auxiliary 1: Not at all. 741: You wanna stay and listen? Auxiliary 1: I think I will listen a little bit. interviewer: mm-kay I was asking you uh you know about the the place around uh the barn where the cattle might just 741: #1 Mill around. # interviewer: #2 walk around. # Yeah that kind of thing you ever heard that called anything 741: #1 Like # interviewer: #2 particular # 741: the barnyard. interviewer: Barnyard sure you ever heard it called a lot? 741: A lot? interviewer: mm-hmm 741: Heard a lot of things called a lot I'm not that in area in specific interviewer: I see 741: Specifically. interviewer: what about the place where your your cows might graze you'd call that the 741: Pasture. interviewer: when when you think of pasture do you think of that as being fenced in or open or what 741: Definitely fenced in. interviewer: fenced in what what type of of fencing would uh probably be around a pasture? 741: barbed wire most of the time around here interviewer: do you know of any other type of wire fence in used in this area? 741: yes they'd what what is that called I've forgotten what #1 that stuff is called oh well they # Auxiliary 1: #2 they use chicken wire # 741: use chicken wire but not for not #1 for uh for cows # Auxiliary 1: #2 not for cows # or anything like that um 741: they have a some kind of mesh type of fence that's good they use a lot now using more and more of it because the barb- the barbed wire is uh you know it would hurt scratches the they get infections and all kinds of stuff from it I don't know what it's what it's really called they're using more and more of it though interviewer: well in the days before uh wire fencing became uh uh used any other type of fence that uh might have possibly been used around the pasture or 741: probably those those cross stick things whatever they are I don't know split rail interviewer: rail fence? 741: might have been I ha- really have I'm that's a guess #1 I have no idea # Auxiliary 1: #2 well considering that # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # barbed wire came in in eighteen sixty-eight or something like that that's been used use has been widespread since then I don't know it'd be hard to remember I doubt anybody around here's ever seen 741: #1 well Arkadelphia # Auxiliary 1: #2 anything else # 741: was settled in eighteen thirty-six so they must have had some sort of fencing before that they had mostly plantations well I believe at that #1 time I think came # interviewer: #2 do you ever see any uh # rail fences around here are there any left? 741: well I say rail fences but they're new rail fences #1 they're they're # interviewer: #2 I see # 741: not uh and they're not they're used for show they're not used to #1 keep anything in you know # interviewer: #2 right right # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # have you ever seen the rail fence of the type that was constructed so it zigzagged? 741: #1 mm-hmm oh yeah I j- # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: I love those I th I think they're really charming but they're again they're usually they're usually for show they're not for interviewer: not really 741: #1 not really # interviewer: #2 functional # 741: for function everybody farmers that I know of just you know they have just the regular pole and wire you know just to interviewer: do you know if uh any cotton is raised in this area? 741: quite a bit interviewer: is that right 741: there used to be more than there is now cause they've got a lot in soybeans and rice and things like that interviewer: do you happen to know about any of the work that's done in raising cotton 741: just picking it #1 all I know # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: {NW} interviewer: what's well do you know what people mean when they talk about chopping cotton? 741: right they're chopping leaves #1 out o- # interviewer: #2 chopping # 741: #1 out of the # interviewer: #2 leaves # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # any any types of weeds in particular that you have trouble around 741: #1 I'm # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: sure they do I just don't know what they are. interviewer: Johnson grass maybe or 741: probably any anything we have Johnson grass you got Johnson grass? interviewer: {X} 741: #1 you called it Jonathan? # Auxiliary 1: #2 he said Johnson # 741: #1 oh he said Johnson # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # interviewer: #1 {X} # Auxiliary 1: #2 he said Johnson # 741: I thought he said Jonathan #1 grass and that was a # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: new one on me interviewer: strange new variety do you have kudzu in this area? 741: I think that's what we have over there at Henderson of ga- of by the #1 those # Auxiliary 1: #2 pardon # 741: vines #1 that are growing all over the trees # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # Auxiliary 1: I have no idea 741: it's I think that's kudzu I've seen kudzu #1 before growing all over # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: the trees. Auxiliary 1: I have no idea 741: it's I think that's kudzu I've seen kudzu #1 before and I believe they have # interviewer: #2 it's it's getting ready # to take over in my part of the #1 country # 741: #2 is that # right? interviewer: really 741: I believe there's some right over up uh along the highway over there I believe #1 Henderson # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: does have some Auxiliary 1: I think they tried to kill it all off and I think they got it 741: #1 you think they got it? # Auxiliary 1: #2 I don't know # can't remember 741: well they still I think it's still there interviewer: well what about the place where a farmer's uh cotton or corn would grow you'd call that a 741: field interviewer: and what about something uh oh maybe where you would grow peas maybe something like a field but possibly smaller 741: you're talking about a pea patch interviewer: patch yeah so there is a you do distinguish between a field and a patch 741: well I don't really but I've heard s- #1 pea patch # interviewer: #2 yeah # do you do you think of a patch as being smaller than a field? 741: I would yes I yeah I would interviewer: #1 {X} # 741: #2 But you # see what I would think of it you know as small gardening so I would consider it a garden interviewer: I see 741: and I think most people call it a garden I don't think most people call 'em a patch I have heard of a pea patch but most people just talk about their vegetable garden or their garden and that's usually a small as differenti- you know differentiating from uh a large huge area where they really grow it for selling on a mass scale interviewer: to get back to fences for just a minute have you ever seen this type of fence uh that's uh well people usually have around their yards or their gardens that's usually painted white 741: picket #1 fence # interviewer: #2 picket # fence #1 Is that # 741: #2 Not # too many of 'em around here but #1 I j- # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: we they used to have more than they do now interviewer: well what about talking about barbed wire fences these things that you would uh string the wire across when you're putting up the fence those would be the 741: the poles that's all I call {C: background noise} #1 it fence poles # Auxiliary 1: #2 I got it # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # interviewer: yeah you mean with this thing that uh would be used for for digging the holes for those 741: #1 post hole digger # interviewer: #2 things post # {NW} 741: that's what they call P-H-Ds around here you know interviewer: probably not a bad 741: #1 no we just had a this # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: one man just really used to tease a friend of ours that has a P-H-D and he was always calling him a post hole digger interviewer: yeah are there any uh walls or fences around here made out of loose stone or rock or anything like that? 741: there probably are I haven't I haven't seen the ruins of 'em I know there are some that have been built lately interviewer: what would uh you say that your best dishes are made out of 741: China. interviewer: you ever seen an egg made out of something like that that the farmer might use to try to fool a hen into laying 741: no I haven't interviewer: never heard of that? never heard of a nest egg or a 741: I've heard of a nest egg but I thought that was money interviewer: could be yeah or an artificial some kind of artificial egg 741: #1 no a nest egg to # interviewer: #2 that would be uh # 741: me simply means that's some amount of money you've got set aside #1 for # interviewer: #2 I see # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # what about if you were uh going out to the barn or wherever to milk your cows the thing that you would take with you to catch the milk in 741: um pail interviewer: call that a #1 pail # 741: #2 but I'd # really call it a bucket you think of a milking pail but uh if it were not being used to milk I would call it a bucket interviewer: well are bucket and pail the same thing to you then? 741: mm-hmm interviewer: what do you usually think of as being made of? 741: heavens some sort of metal um I guess it wouldn't be aluminum must be tin interviewer: have you ever heard of uh any kind of bucket that uh that might have been kept around uh the kitchen to throw scraps in for the hogs 741: oh gosh {C: laughing} that sounds gross Auxiliary 1: what 741: he said some kind of bucket that's kept around the the kitchen to throw scra- {D: oh} throw scraps for the hogs interviewer: real depravity around here never heard of uh a slop bucket? 741: a s- yes I've heard of a slop bucket but a slop bucket well I now I that's a slop jar {X} okay #1 you know what we're talking about # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: I've heard of a slop jar uh slop bucket yeah #1 I've a- # interviewer: #2 gotta slop # the hogs you heard that 741: oh yeah heard of slopping the hogs right I've heard {D: Emmet} calling the hogs too I've even ev- I've even heard a woman do it interviewer: oh yeah we get into that 741: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 I'll ask you # about that 741: okay interviewer: what about uh uh this thing that you would use to fry eggs fry 741: skillet interviewer: like that you ever heard that called anything besides skillet? 741: frying pan interviewer: frying pan you ever heard any anything like that that was used uh years ago uh in the fireplace actually cooking in the fireplace might had legs 741: oh I've seen those but I don't know what they're called I I've seen 'em in restorations I've never seen anybody do it interviewer: well what about these uh containers that you would put cut flowers in uh you would call 741: #1 a vase # interviewer: #2 that # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # now the things that the flower would grow in that wouldn't be a vase but a Auxiliary 1: flowerpot 741: yeah flowerpot {C: laughing} #1 Oh yeah # interviewer: #2 flower # pot would you would you keep any flowerpots inside your house or would that uh 741: a lot of people do but I I ha- have very few I do have one or two interviewer: what about uh the names of the utensils that you eat with just at an ordinary meal you have your 741: you're talking about knives forks spoons interviewer: mm-hmm that's what 741: serving pieces silver {D: with those} we usually refer to it silv- as silver although we use stainless steel every day interviewer: talking about a meal after you get through with the meal uh uh what you have to do to get your dishes clean 741: #1 wash the dishes # interviewer: #2 you say you're gonna # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # and to remove the excess soap you then 741: rinse 'em interviewer: what about that um that cloth that you use when you're #1 washing dishes. # 741: #2 A washcloth. # interviewer: #1 # 741: #2 # interviewer: and the one that you use to dry 741: dish towel. interviewer: dish towel what about the ones about that size that you might use to bathe your face when you're taking a bath 741: washcloth interviewer: and the bigger one that you #1 dry off with. # 741: #2 Towel. # interviewer: #1 # 741: #2 # interviewer: if uh well in your kitchen over your sink the thing that the water comes out of what do you call 741: #1 faucet # interviewer: #2 that # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # now what if it were outside you 741: #1 faucet # interviewer: #2 know # still a faucet you've probably seen these big uh portable water containers that uh well sometimes when men work out on the highway they'll have 'em you know the water supply there's usually a little button or some kind of thing that you can press and the water will come out of it 741: Oh spigot. #1 is that what you're looking for? # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: Okay. interviewer: say uh let me ask you about this expression if you turn on your water one morning in the winter but nothing came out you might say well 741: #1 the pipes # interviewer: #2 the pipes # 741: are frozen interviewer: and sometimes they actually when they 741: break interviewer: right you ever heard of people say well the pipes must have uh any other way of saying it besides break? the pipes Auxiliary 1: burst is what he's looking 741: #1 burst # Auxiliary 1: #2 for # yeah 741: no we'd say break I think {C: laughing} interviewer: what about uh oh a long time ago if uh you were buying a large amount of flour you have any idea what they might uh come in? 741: flour sacks interviewer: sack or 741: mm-hmm interviewer: what about this these these big wooden things with staves and all that you'd call that 741: barrels? interviewer: is there anything uh like a barrel except smaller I think uh nails used to be packed 741: #1 keg # interviewer: #2 into 'em # keg what about this uh metal thing that goes around the barrel to keep the staves in place what'd you call that 741: I don't call it I don't know what it's called {C: laughing} interviewer: you never heard of people call it barrel hoop or anything like that? 741: #1 no # interviewer: #2 not # familiar with that 741: you had one? Auxiliary 1: oh yeah I have yes interviewer: what about if uh if you wanted to buy a say a large amount of of water uh do you have any idea {X} Auxiliary 1: {X} interviewer: may not be familiar with but uh do you have any idea what that might have come in 741: I have no I don't huh-uh interviewer: you never heard of people talk about a stand a lard you're not 741: #1 no # interviewer: #2 familiar # Auxiliary 1: never heard that interviewer: say if you wanted to uh pour some liquid into a small mouth bottle the thing that you would 741: #1 funnel # interviewer: #2 use # you'd use a funnel and this thing that you people used to use when they were uh when they had buggies you know they'd crack around the horses ears 741: #1 a buggy whip # interviewer: #2 to make 'em # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # uh if you were going to the grocery to 741: now I know about going to #1 the grocery store # interviewer: #2 okay # 741: I know all about {C: laughing} going to the grocery store. interviewer: after you make your purchase the the grocer puts your uh things in a 741: Sack. interviewer: what is that usually made out of 741: paper interviewer: any other type of sack you could have uh uh made of anything other than paper that 741: #1 like a plastic # interviewer: #2 might be # 741: bag or something else interviewer: or say something maybe that uh say potatoes would be you know packaged in what would you call that potatoes or fertilizer or uh Auxiliary 1: oats interviewer: peanuts or oats or something Auxiliary 1: like in burlap 741: oh like tow sacks oh interviewer: is that what you'd call that? 741: I call it that's what I call a tow sack I don't buy #1 potatoes in 'em # Auxiliary 1: #2 call 'em burlap # burlap bag or burlap sacks interviewer: some kind of heavy coarse 741: burlap or feed s- just feed sacks but they're quite often made out of paper too heavy paper interviewer: have you ever heard a a tow sack called anything else? 741: the tow sack? interviewer: just 741: that's that's all I've #1 ever heard it # interviewer: #2 {X} # people in our part of country #1 call it? # 741: #2 nuh-uh # interviewer: say croker sacks. 741: #1 oh really # Auxiliary 1: #2 I've # heard of that yeah 741: have you heard of I haven't heard of it just tow sack is all I have #1 ever heard that called # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 feed there # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: feed sacks and tow sacks and feed sacks are flour what was it they used to have these flour mills a flour sacks that people would make dresses out of and sheets #1 out of # interviewer: #2 right # 741: and dolls #1 out of # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: I can remember that having been but that was a finer type of material than a tow sack tow sack is a burlap bag interviewer: I see 741: to us interviewer: well I hate to leave the grocery but have you ever heard of say if a farmer had to take some corn to the mill the amount that he would take at one time have you ever heard any uh designation for that just the amount that he could take at 741: #1 like bushels or # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # 741: or bushels or truckloads or uh interviewer: have you ever heard uh people talk about a turn of corn as maybe as meaning an amount that he could take at one time what about this uh if this burned out right here this thing that you have 741: #1 the light bulb # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # if you were going outside to hang up your clothes to dry what would you probably carry them out in 741: oh just a clothes basket interviewer: now this thing that uh if you were bottling some liquid a thing that you might stick in the mouth of the bottle to keep the liquid from spilling out that would be a 741: stopper {X} Auxiliary 1: {X} I mean when you're pouring it in or when interviewer: oh no after you Auxiliary 1: #1 oh okay # interviewer: #2 {X} # the thing that you #1 {X} # 741: #2 Yes stopper. # interviewer: what would that be made out of? 741: well cork I g- I guess interviewer: {X} 741: I've never bottled any liquid but I would {X} if I were bottling wine I would use a cork stopper interviewer: now what about uh these things there they're musical instruments so you can play 'em you know like so with your mouth move 'em back and forth 741: oh yeah uh harmonica interviewer: ever heard that called anything else? 741: Jew's harp Auxiliary 1: oh it's not a Jew's harp mouth organ 741: mouth organ Auxiliary 1: #1 mouth organ. # 741: #2 {X} # interviewer: Jew's harp and a harmonica are different? 741: I have no #1 idea # Auxiliary 1: #2 they are different # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # 741: are they di- I didn't know that Auxiliary 1: make a much different sound I'm not quite sure you play 'em both with your mouth but a Jew's harp you 741: harmonica's what I've heard most Auxiliary 1: you sort of pluck a Jew's harp 741: oh do oh that's right somebody told me that okay interviewer: have you ever heard a harmonica called a French harp? 741: yeah I sure have but I haven't heard that in golly I have heard that but it's been many a year interviewer: do you remember if you heard it from an older person #1 or? # 741: #2 It must've # been it just you know way back in my youth that seems like a French harp right I think like my grandfather would talk about a French harp I'm sure he did yeah whoa been a long time interviewer: well could you tell me uh a few of the common tools that you might have around the house to do yardwork or minor repairs or something like that 741: rakes and hammers and edgers and clippers and what do we nah Auxiliary 1: #1 saw sometimes # 741: #2 {X} # #1 Sometimes hatchets # Auxiliary 1: #2 wrenches # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # 741: wrenches and pliers just old common ordinary type of things interviewer: what do you know about wagons is there anything 741: #1 wagons # interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 741: #1 you're # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: what you're gonna show in this study is the the sublime ignorance of #1 of people who don't # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: live on farms about what go what goes on in interviewer: do you happen to know what that long uh wooden piece is called that goes between the horses? 741: the tongue interviewer: now what about a kind of buggy the things that you would back the horse between 741: oh yeah mm-hmm I should know that I can't think of it though doesn't come to me interviewer: you ever hear heard it called shavs buddy shavs 741: hmm-mm I'm not sure I've ever heard it called but may have interviewer: well getting back to the wagon uh you know what the traces are on a wagon have you ever heard that these uh chain like things anyway that uh attach 741: oh yeah interviewer: do you know what those the the thing is called that the traces come back and attach to it's kind of a horizontal block like thing that you ever heard 741: oh uh no I mean I #1 I know I have # interviewer: #2 what were you about to # say 741: well I I don't know #1 I g- # interviewer: #2 oh # 741: uh but I I have it the thing that turns interviewer: yeah yeah you ever heard it called a singletree? 741: nuh-uh interviewer: you haven't heard singletree I guess you haven't heard of doubletree either 741: no interviewer: {NW} okay. what about let me ask you about this expression say if you saw a man uh riding by in his wagon and he had uh a load of wood and a little while later he came back it was empty and shortly afterwards he came back with another load and this went on you know for a pretty long time what would you say he was doing? 741: he was carrying wood interviewer: have you ever heard people use the expression hauling wood 741: hauling yes sure interviewer: well what about uh uh you mentioned plow a minute ago you happen to know the name of the type of plow that was used for breaking the ground uh for planting the first round you ever heard of a turning plow 741: mm-hmm that's what it is? Auxiliary 1: {NW} interviewer: what about uh any other kind of plow that might be used afterwards to break up the ground finer 741: I really d- I Auxiliary 1: Maybe a harrow or something like that? interviewer: yeah you heard of a harrow 741: yes but I didn't know what it was interviewer: what about one thing I meant to ask you when we're talking about wagons the thing that the wagon wheels turn 741: #1 the axle # interviewer: #2 on what'd you call # that or talking about the wagon wheel again the uh in the middle you have the hub you know 741: #1 mm-hmm and spokes # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 coming out from # interviewer: #2 yeah spokes # come out from the hub 741: #1 and then the rim # interviewer: #2 what would # yeah have you ever heard the term uh uh felly used 741: #1 {X} # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # 741: little female horse? interviewer: no no when reference to a wagon wheel 741: a filly? interviewer: a felly felly not filly 741: oh interviewer: felly you haven't heard that? or felloe I think it's called sometimes uh {X} this thing uh uh carpenters use 'em did these on their frames the ends of 'em are kinda shaped like the letter A you know? uh you might use uh a pair of 'em to 741: #1 oh saw horse # interviewer: #2 {X} # sawhorse have you ever seen or heard of anything like that except shaped like the letter X made out of puts a log in the middle of it and saw it off like that 741: mm I've st- I've seen it but I don't know what it's called interviewer: have you ever heard uh you probably sawbuck or 741: I've heard the word sawbuck #1 but I don't # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: I don't associate it with anything interviewer: what about wood rack have you ever heard of that? what about you know when you get up in the morning you go to the bathroom and straighten your hair you might use a comb or a 741: brush interviewer: and you'd just say that you your hair 741: I brushed my hair own hair interviewer: have you do you ever heard of this thing that uh men used to use to uh sharpen their straight razors on you know 741: Razor strap interviewer: razor strap you ever seen those around anymore? 741: I don't think I've ever seen one period Auxiliary 1: #1 {X} # 741: #2 {X} # {D: hey} Auxiliary 1: they still have 'em in barber shops 741: well I don't go to barber shops Auxiliary 1: well I just realized that but interviewer: let me ask you about this expression say uh if uh if a tree had fallen across the road so that you couldn't get by you might say that you need to tie a rope around that thing and see if you can it off? 741: pull it off? interviewer: pull it off or Auxiliary 1: haul it off or something interviewer: haul it off or #1 or maybe # 741: #2 I'd say pull it off # interviewer: #1 # 741: #2 # interviewer: anything else you might say you know uh uh uh maybe drag it off? 741: yeah drag it off interviewer: what about the the past form of that word what would you say? you'd say today I drag it yesterday I 741: I I dragged it interviewer: have you ever heard somebody use the expression well we had to get a piece of rope and snake that log across the road haven't heard that? these things that uh you fire in shotguns most people call 'em shells shotgun shells you have any idea what you would call the things you fire in a pistol or a rifle? 741: what'd you call it a shotgun? Auxiliary 1: no a rifle the ammunition it'll run 741: oh the a- oh the ammunition of a r- shells? interviewer: a shell or 741: um Auxiliary 1: bullets 741: #1 bullets but # interviewer: #2 bullets # 741: mostly shells I hear 'em called I've not or don't they use they don't use shells for rifles? Auxiliary 1: well they do but shells are usually a larger gauge guns #1 but # 741: #2 oh # Auxiliary 1: uh they're shells but they're also bullets in those kind I'd say interviewer: have you ever heard them called cartridges around here? 741: mm-hmm Auxiliary 1: cartridges 741: mm-hmm interviewer: these uh things that I don't know you might have played on when you were when you were little but uh you know kids would get on each side 741: #1 seesaw # interviewer: #2 like # so what did you say you were doing doing that 741: {NW} I don't remember saying that saying that we were doing it interviewer: did did you ever heard people a kid say they're seesawing or 741: #1 seesawing or # interviewer: #2 something like that # Auxiliary 1: #1 it's a verb right # 741: #2 riding # teeter totter or whatever interviewer: well what about the thing you know that goes around uh that you could get on and spin 741: #1 oh yeah those things # interviewer: #2 {X} # anchored in the middle 741: right what are those things called don't remember what they were called flying Jenny? #1 no # Auxiliary 1: #2 yeah # 741: #1 that what # Auxiliary 1: #2 yeah # 741: that thing was flying Jenny interviewer: would that be the same thing as a merry go round Auxiliary 1: #1 we always # 741: #2 no # Auxiliary 1: called it a merry go round 741: it might be called a merry go round? #1 {D: I bet there f-} # Auxiliary 1: #2 Well # 741: flying Jenny a merry go rou- a flying Jenny I think just had if I can remember the the new merry go round things are are kind of a solid piece of wood and have lots of little things on 'em where people can hang on to flying Jennies I don't remember being that elaborate interviewer: yeah well what about the things that are are used they're real common uh uh suspended from a limb of the tree by couple of ropes and 741: #1 the swing # interviewer: #2 you had # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # but was those usually made out of just a plank say or have you ever seen 'em constructed in any other way? 741: bag swing? interviewer: {X} 741: a bag swing interviewer: now what is that 741: oh you're kidding {NW} haven't you ever #1 ridden a bag swing # Auxiliary 1: #2 {NW} # 741: well I g- uh well you can t- take a a tow sack of whatever and they'd fill it up with something sawdust I don't know what they fill it up with {NS} and tie it at the top and have a big heavy rope that comes down and then you get on that bag swing and here you go {NS} but you usually have to start um from something kind of high and you just uh it makes up a seat you just hop on it and it just really really #1 swings # interviewer: #2 just # had a single rope 741: #1 just one rope # interviewer: #2 {X} # one rope 741: mm-hmm interviewer: have you ever seen it made out of tires or 741: tire swing sure interviewer: bag swing no that's new on me 741: oh bag swings are great they are fact course lots of kids get hurt on 'em they had one outside of our church when y'all were I had to go they had to get the choir mothers to come supervise the bag swing because some kid got his arm broken they would get on top of a car or on top of a a Auxiliary 1: {D: they had like a ladder} 741: garage oh top of a ladder? Auxiliary 1: about a ten foot ladder 741: #1 uh-huh and got on top # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # 741: of it oo boy and then you just gotta stride it like a horse Auxiliary 1: mm-hmm 741: I said um they're they're great I'm surprised in Alabama they don't have bag swings interviewer: oh we had tire swings but I don't remember any bag swings I don't know well what about uh say if you were uh {D: a purple burning coal} in his stove or something like that uh the container that he might keep his supply of coal in next to the stove you know inside his house have you ever heard that anything like that really called anything in particular? 741: you know around here we just don't have much coal burning I've I've never I've heard of coal bins in the basements and stuff like that but that's from other areas of the country not not from around here interviewer: have you ever heard of a coal stove? 741: yeah but mostly in antique shops interviewer: what does that even look like? 741: well if this is what I think they are uh they're usually but this is if I've got the right thing it's usually made out of something like copper and has a it's round and has kind of it resembles a pitcher a little bit interviewer: well talking about a stove what about the the pipes that that go from the back of the stove up to the uh 741: #1 stove pipe # interviewer: #2 the s- # stove pipe and what about the thing uh the part of the chimney that's goes from that point up to the roof of the house you know you ever heard that called anything in particular? {NS} Auxiliary 1: flue 741: the flue? yeah I guess interviewer: call it a flue or if we were talking about uh tools #1 {X} # 741: #2 oh I am having to # go back in my #1 memory to # interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 741: oh to remember some of these things interviewer: yeah I know what you mean it's rough what about the thing that you might use in the yard to say you could put a lot of dirt in it or something like that has two panels with a wheel 741: wheelbarrow interviewer: wheelbarrow ever heard that called anything else? 741: I'm sure I have wheel bar interviewer: #1 Wheel bar. # 741: #2 {NW} # interviewer: have you ever heard people around here call it a Georgia buggy? 741: huh-uh interviewer: never heard that or say this if you had a a farmer had an ax and he wanted to sharpen it put an edge on it this uh big thing 741: grindstone interviewer: yeah now was that uh have you ever seen the type that was uh foot operated you know pedal operated to make it turn 741: not in real life interviewer: and is a grindstone the same thing as a small one that you can hold in your hand and uh fine in on it 741: I g- I guess I don't know Auxiliary 1: well no actually I think they're called whetstones 741: whetstone Auxiliary 1: the small ones that you use for knives also known as oil stones interviewer: I somebody in Arkansas told me that Arkansas was known for its #1 {X} # Auxiliary 1: #2 well that's true # I was gonna say that 741: really? Auxiliary 1: yeah back there in in the nineteenth #1 century we had we exported # 741: #2 gosh I am just being appallingly ignorant # Auxiliary 1: {NW} whetstones all over the uh country {X} interviewer: well what about uh well the vehicle that I drove up in you'd just call 741: #1 car # interviewer: #2 that # anybody else call it anything 741: everybody around here calls 'em cars Auxiliary 1: automobiles 741: they don't I have never heard 'em to call an automobile I #1 just just call # interviewer: #2 that right # 741: 'em cars. interviewer: well say you uh if your car began to squeak you might drive it to the filling station and tell the attendant to put it up on the rack and do what to it 741: what change the oil? I don't know grease it interviewer: and you got that you took the {D: C three} but you have that stuff all over your hand you'd say that your hands were 741: greasy interviewer: what about the stuff that people used to burn in in lamps uh before you know had electric 741: oil interviewer: is it just called oil? 741: far as I know Auxiliary 1: kerosene 741: kerosene oh yeah they do have kerosene lamps interviewer: was it was it just oil or or coal oil or 741: yeah it probably was interviewer: coal oil? have you ever heard of people making a makeshift lamp or a temporary lamp out of uh a bottle and some kerosene and uh something 741: #1 a wick # interviewer: #2 for a wick # 741: uh yeah I've I've heard of that interviewer: do you know if it was called anything particular? sometimes the response I get to that is oh yeah that's a Molotov cocktail 741: a Molotov cocktail {C: laughing} {NW} alright {C: laughing} yeah no I I don't know interviewer: you ever heard it called a flambeau 741: uh-uh interviewer: have you ever seen these you know 741: #1 that sounds like # interviewer: #2 sometimes # 741: French. Auxiliary 1: it is French interviewer: {X} 741: uh-huh interviewer: these uh little black pots that you see on a place in the road you know that 741: #1 smudge pots # interviewer: #2 is being worked on # smudge pot the the inside part of the tire that inflates you call that the 741: the inner tube interviewer: or say if you had a boat and uh when you take it down to the water and actually put the boat in the water you'd say that you're going to what do you use any particular expression to in referring to actually putting the boat into the #1 water? # 741: #2 Not # like launch. {X} interviewer: launch the boat? 741: uh interviewer: do you say that? 741: I don't say it uh but that's w- the only term that comes to my mind I think they just go s- I I'm trying to think when we go with the lake to the lake with the {X} they just they were going to put the boat in don't they Auxiliary 1: they say launch 741: do they say launch? I never have heard 'em use the word launch Auxiliary 1: probably just didn't notice 741: I know they call it a launching they call it a launching area called a launching pad Auxiliary 1: I'd call 'em ramps 741: ramps interviewer: so what about talking about boats the the type of boat that you would use oars with what did people 741: #1 row boats # interviewer: #2 call that # call that a row boat? is that usually a s- uh a flat bottomed uh type of thing or is it 741: yeah I guess it is kind of flat bottomed yeah #1 row buggies # Auxiliary 1: #2 pointed and wide # interviewer: has anybody ever said skull? Auxiliary 1: no I haven't I haven't 741: I had never heard of that 'til you went to France last summer interviewer: I've heard people around here call it a john boat that ring a bell? Auxiliary 1: {X} 741: row boat's all I've I've ever heard of interviewer: are the ends of it flat too or kind of are they tapered or what 741: #1 it seems # Auxiliary 1: #2 for # 741: to me like the front's tapered and the back's straight across Auxiliary 1: I got it it's probably {X} interviewer: you'd say if if you were going to talk about something else if you were going to uh buy some material for a dress or something like that you might take a a little piece a little #1 square? # 741: #2 Swatch. # interviewer: call that a swatch. have you ever heard people call it anything besides that? 741: I may have but I interviewer: you ever heard people call it a sample? 741: well I guess they could call it that swatch is interviewer: Swatch. 741: definitely what I call it. interviewer: what about this expression say if you uh saw a dress at a store window that appealed to you you might say well my goodness that sure is a some kind some adjective you might use in describing 741: {X} well {NW} I use a lot of things depends you want me to visualize a dress until #1 I # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: a fantastic dress uh interviewer: {X} 741: really neat a sharp looking dress Auxiliary 1: mother do you have any #1 tickets for # 741: #2 pretty # Auxiliary 1: tonight? 741: Y- uh no but t- uh tell 'em to give 'em your name and I'll see that they have 'em Auxiliary 1: {X} 741: oh well her ticket's over there will be at the at the door for her Auxiliary 1: okay 741: did she want more than one? #1 I hope # Auxiliary 1: #2 yeah # she didn't say anything interviewer: what about the comparative form of of that adjective pretty you'd say well this #1 is pretty # 741: #2 It's beautiful # or interviewer: or this one's pretty but I think this one's even 741: prettier interviewer: and the superlative form this is 741: #1 the # interviewer: #2 the # 741: prettiest one I've seen interviewer: what about in the thing that uh you would wear around your waist say if you were working in the kitchen to keep your dress 741: #1 apron # interviewer: #2 from getting # and what I was writing with until it gave out 741: #1 a pen # interviewer: #2 of ink # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # Auxiliary 1: #1 {X} # 741: #2 How # about that? interviewer: {NW} 741: you have to work on that S sound {NW} Auxiliary 1: #1 mother # 741: #2 {NW} # Auxiliary 1: #1 # 741: #2 # #1 that's cheating # Auxiliary 1: #2 {D: That's cheating she's} # #1 cheating you now. # interviewer: #2 {NW} # Auxiliary 1: She's #1 cheating. # 741: #2 Pen # it's a pen. Auxiliary 1: {X} interviewer: that's funny uh I called in uh last week to Atlanta and uh {D: Doctor Pedersen was plotting you know he has a big map of all these different colored pins and} uh he was telling a friend of mine who happened to be there uh to get a pin and you know I picked up an ink pen 741: #1 and you're right # interviewer: #2 {X} # Just said aw you southerners 741: #1 yeah right you don't know one when # interviewer: #2 {X} # {NW} yeah and the other thing that with a sharp point you call that a 741: a fountain pen no oh you're talking about a the #1 okay # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: pin yeah interviewer: Okay. 741: {D: talking about} straight pins. that's a straight pin if #1 we have to # interviewer: #2 okay # what would you #1 say uh # 741: #2 Have to think about it. # fountain pen with sharpened point rather than a ballpoint pen interviewer: what would you say uh a man's three piece suit consists of? 741: a vest a jacket and pants interviewer: have you ever heard pants called 741: trousers interviewer: Trousers. 741: It's uncommon but I have heard it {NS} interviewer: well what about these things that uh Auxiliary 1: britches. interviewer: #1 farmers britches yeah # 741: #2 britches yeah I've heard of that # interviewer: they're farmers where you know they have uh straps and a and a bib uh 741: overalls #1 uh # interviewer: #2 overalls # 741: y- but that not just farmers wear those those high school kids wear 'em #1 all the time # interviewer: #2 oh yeah # 741: #1 that's the new in thing # interviewer: #2 yeah college # too Auxiliary 1: excuse me but um what's the consensus on that I mean I've always said overalls myself but I've seen a lot of places where it's written for example it's written overhauls interviewer: say that a lot 741: #1 overhaul? # Auxiliary 1: #2 do they # they don't say it around here but they say where did they say it interviewer: Especially the older informants just about anywhere 741: #1 they call it overhaul? # interviewer: #2 in the South say # overhauls the older old person back in the boonies somewhere yeah he'll say overhauls but uh younger people are you know a little bit more sophisticated will say just overalls you know it's overhauls what about uh this expression say if a man were trying on a coat he might say well that coat won't fit this year but last year it perfectly 741: it fit perfectly interviewer: or say if a man's clothes had worn out he needs something to go to church he might say well I need to go in town to get me a 741: a new suit I interviewer: or if uh Auxiliary 1: {X} {NW} interviewer: what about if sometimes you know when small children uh play or they like to pick up things and and put 'em in their pocket and before long they might have so much in their pocket that their pockets begin to 741: Bulge. interviewer: well say if you were washing a shirt you'd put it in water that was too hot for it 741: it would shrink interviewer: what about the past form of that word 741: it shrank interviewer: and it has 741: shrunk wouldn't it be horrible if I {X} {NW} interviewer: say if uh if a young girl were getting ready to go out on a date she usually spends a lot of time in front of the mirror you know what do you say she's doing 741: primping interviewer: ever heard that called anything else? 741: oh I'm sure I have but primping is the main interviewer: well what about if a boy were getting ready and doing the same thing what would you say he was doing 741: I'd say he's primping too interviewer: Primping too. 741: {D: N- I that} I have never used that uh #1 for a boy # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: but uh I can't think of anything else I would use for a boy Auxiliary 1: getting duded up 741: right interviewer: {D: dutied up?} 741: duded duded up interviewer: you really use that? Auxiliary 1: who? interviewer: well what would you say you were doing? Auxiliary 1: getting ready to go {NW} 741: what what would they use at the high school like really what #1 what what's that # Auxiliary 1: #2 well I have no idea # 741: the expression that they use you've been away too long the #1 whole year # Auxiliary 1: #2 I have no # idea 741: if they probably would say duded #1 up # interviewer: #2 duded # up yeah. what about the uh the thing that uh uh women carry all their things around with 'em in 741: #1 a purse # interviewer: #2 you know # a purse something smaller than that that uh might be used just for change? uh might have a 741: coin purse interviewer: coin purse Auxiliary 1: bill fold 741: oh well not for cha- #1 well sometimes yeah # Auxiliary 1: #2 well yours has ch- # 741: that's true my billfold has change personally interviewer: and these things that uh women wear on their wrists for 741: bracelet interviewer: and around the neck 741: necklace interviewer: and the things that some men wear uh to hold up their pants #1 when they're low yeah. # 741: #2 Suspenders. # interviewer: ever heard those called anything besides that? ever heard it called galluses? 741: No. interviewer: what about 741: I'm glad to find find out what some of these things mean I've heard some of these words interviewer: you've never heard of galluses before then is that right? 741: I think I've seen it written uh in a book or something and I had no notion of what it was instead of looking it up I didn't do it Auxiliary 1: skip right along 741: #1 skipped right along # Auxiliary 1: #2 pretended you knew it # {NW} 741: played like I knew what it was interviewer: {X} well what about uh the thing that you would uh use outdoors you know protects yourself from the Auxiliary 1: {X} interviewer: What's that? 741: an umbrella interviewer: ever heard that called anything else? Auxiliary 1: {X} 741: {D: parasol} has a little different connotation interviewer: what? Auxiliary 1: it's more from the sun 741: from the sun right interviewer: I see 741: protection from the sun interviewer: when you make up your bed the last thing that goes on it what do you call that 741: bedspread #1 isn't that # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: awful? interviewer: {NW} have you ever heard that called anything else 741: ah yeah let's see what have I heard that called? uh most people say bedspread but some people call it um counterpin? but I don't know anybody that does but I have I have heard that interviewer: right now what about the uh the heavier one that might be used in cold weather 741: #1 the quilts you mean? # interviewer: #2 that you yeah # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # 741: quilts and comforters or comforts as we used to call 'em interviewer: and the thing that you rest your head on that's the 741: pillow interviewer: anything like a pillow except larger uh kind of 741: #1 a bolster? # interviewer: #2 like # yeah 741: type of thing interviewer: what about this expression say if if it were a particularly long bolster you might say well that just doesn't go part way across the bed it goes 741: it doesn't go clear across the bed interviewer: {NW} okay well say uh a temporary bed that you might put down on the floor for a child 741: pallet. interviewer: call that a pallet. this expression uh a farmer might say well we expect to get a big crop this year because the soil's very any 741: no idea interviewer: any any particular have you ever heard a farmer or anybody use any particular name for just very good soil uh that'd grow just about anything 741: besides fertile? interviewer: just fertile 741: #1 I # Auxiliary 1: #2 rich # 741: I don't know rich right yeah rich soil interviewer: or what about particularly bad soil uh uh wouldn't grow much of anything any name in particular for that 741: oh I seems like I have heard something like that Mike you're down working at the feed store I mean you didn't work down there but you heard all those people talking interviewer: maybe some 741: um interviewer: sandy soil Auxiliary 1: thin or something 741: lost their topsoil or topsoil's gone or #1 soil's # Auxiliary 1: #2 poor # 741: poor interviewer: what about loam what kind of soil would that be any ideas? 741: loam I've heard my grandmother use loam a lot I I can remember that and I always she would always refer to it as good rich loam and it always seemed like it was fertile and moist and kind of black and interviewer: Okay. have you ever heard people around here refer to the type of land that uh maybe low lying land that's that's very fertile uh might possibly had water on it at one 741: #1 river bottoms # interviewer: #2 time # river bottoms 741: #1 bottomland they call it bottom # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: land river bottoms. interviewer: right well what about uh say a piece of low lying land that didn't grow anything on it except maybe uh a lot of grass or something like that is that called anything in particular around here? 741: probably yeah interviewer: do people around here use the word meadow? 741: meadow? interviewer: uh-huh 741: I think that's only used in poetry I think {C: laughing} Auxiliary 1: I was gonna ask you about that when you said pasture 741: pasture #1 I use pasture all the time # Auxiliary 1: #2 what's the difference in your perception # between pasture and meadow 741: a pasture is a meadow in which cows and horses graze a meadow doesn't have cows and horses on it Auxiliary 1: why not? 741: #1 I don't know just doesn't # interviewer: #2 just a lot of nice # trees and all 741: oh yes #1 no insects whatsoever # Auxiliary 1: #2 butterflies birds # butterflies and birds and interviewer: kind of a utopian pasture 741: right exactly Auxiliary 1: does it have a any fences around it 741: I don't I don't in my mind's eye it #1 does not # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: have any fences you know and no cow droppings or anything you know just interviewer: I I think the same way that you do as far as meadows go but what about a piece of land that's really not good for much of anything because you have water standing on it permanently and a lot of beaver dams and all that through it 741: yeah swamp slough eh had a lot of oh what there's another term for it too I've heard 'em talking about it cause they had a big area south of town where they drained all this water off it {D: called Ross drainage area} and that was just swamp or slough bayou I don't know that's a more Louisiana term but they call it can you think of anything else? Auxiliary 1: no I think interviewer: well you mentioned uh having to drain a piece of land what would you call the the things that uh would be uh dug to 741: #1 the drainage # interviewer: #2 carry off # 741: ditch. interviewer: drainage ditch or what do you what do people around here call uh uh it's a or flowing fresh water flowing along what would you call 741: a creek? interviewer: creek anything smaller than a creek? uh 741: creek is just all it's the smallest I can imagine except just a stream a little trickle of something interviewer: are there any specific proper names for some of the creeks around here that you know of? 741: Mill Creek uh Big Brushy {NW} {D: I} #1 Terre Noire # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # creek 741: Terre Noire Auxiliary 1: Terre Noire 741: and that that's an interesting name now you talk about an anglicized French name now are you familiar #1 with this # interviewer: #2 what is # this now? 741: Terre Noire and it's and it's Auxiliary 1: Terre Noire 741: it's T-E-R-R-E capital N-O-I-R #1 E? # interviewer: #2 {X} # yeah 741: and they call it Terre Noire like T-U-R-N-W-A-R Terre Noire interviewer: well that's not quite as as as bad as uh an Alabama example I can give to you there's a little town close to Mobile it's spelled B-A-Y-O-U L-A B-A-T-R-E obviously French you know what the natives call it? Bayou La Batre {NW} 741: #1 well the interesting # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: {D: thing to me is that that pronouncing it Terre Noire they're as close as they are to the} #1 real spelling of it # interviewer: #2 yeah yeah # 741: #1 I mean real pronunciation # interviewer: #2 That's not too bad at all. # 741: it's not really bad. interviewer: Yeah. 741: and the little town of uh A-N-T-O-I-N-E they call #1 I had always # Auxiliary 1: #2 Antoine # 741: heard it called Antoine but I found out the natives call it Antoine {C: pronunciation} interviewer: #1 ah # 741: #2 which is # still not all that far interviewer: {X} 741: now they have no idea probably that it's even French interviewer: well that's isn't there a restaurant in New Orleans called Antoine? 741: Antoine #1 that different # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: not Antoine {C: pronunciation} interviewer: yeah Auxiliary 1: {D: I get out at} 741: we're from Antoine {C: pronunciation} interviewer: {NW} well what about say uh a place that you might find out in the woods somewhere that's been uh eroded by flowing water say it might be about ten feet deep ten feet across something like that what would you 741: #1 a gully # interviewer: #2 call that # call that a gully Auxiliary 1: more like a 741: #1 gully wash # Auxiliary 1: #2 ravine though # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # 741: that could be a ravine Auxiliary 1: a gully always seemed to me to be I'd say a road to just sort of a bleak area where all the topsoil's been washed away and now it's a gully whereas a ravine could have 741: #1 lots of trees and stuff growing on it # Auxiliary 1: #2 trees growing in it and # 741: #1 if the I assume by what he # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # 741: said didn't have a lot of foliage and stuff. Auxiliary 1: well tell me um in your talking has there you have ever come across difference between a creek and a creek 741: it's the same thing isn't it? interviewer: I haven't encountered creek. 741: you haven't encountered creek {C: pronunciation} #1 in all the # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: #1 {X} # Auxiliary 1: #2 I encountered # creek a lot {C: pronunciation} 741: #1 well that's you you've been up # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # 741: north though Auxiliary 1: well here 741: oh here? #1 they say creek? # Auxiliary 1: #2 here # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # well actually there's a difference between a creek and a creek a creek runs out yeah well a creek runs out between an open land and where like cattle drink from whereas a creek is in wooded in a wooded area and deer and things like that drink from it and it's just a difference in what kind of area it's in interviewer: and you picked that up from around here? Auxiliary 1: yes I think interviewer: was it uh an older person or uh just anybody would that be common knowledge? Auxiliary 1: I don't know I doubt it I d- I've heard a lot of people use 'em interchangeably so a lot of people say creek around here 741: do they? interviewer: I'm used to saying it was uh a variant pronunciation without any uh distinction in 741: #1 I think the same thing # Auxiliary 1: #2 well that's the way one of my # hunting friends explained it to me so 741: #1 oh well they # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # 741: you would pick up a lot of things from {D: them} Auxiliary 1: oh the hunters 741: #1 right # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # interviewer: they didn't tell you anything about snipe hunting did they? 741: oh we know about #1 snipe hunting {NW} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # that might be pulling the same thing I don't know {NW} 741: do you know about snipe hunting Mike? #1 I think # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # 741: I better tell you so you don't get #1 caught # interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} 741: it's a joke #1 practical joke # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # 741: #1 yeah # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: #1 # interviewer: #2 # Auxiliary 1: oh 741: that they love to pull on someone who never has #1 hunted # interviewer: #2 yeah # 741: snipes before interviewer: {X} Auxiliary 1: well uh what's the joke there are snipes there are such things as snipes 741: are you sure? Auxiliary 1: I'm positive 741: well they're not they're not in #1 abundance around here. # Auxiliary 1: #2 they're European birds # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # but there really are snipes interviewer: oh Auxiliary 1: because there was a famous battle fought in thirteen eighty-nine between the Turks and the uh Romanians and uh Transylvanians all those people fought at Snipes field and well that's the trans- translation #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 {X} # left out in the woods holding a bag 741: #1 right exactly while everybody else runs off and leaves you # interviewer: #2 {X} # yeah what would you call uh a small elevation in the land you'd say you're just going up a little 741: rise interviewer: little rise or anything else 741: hill interviewer: hill what about this the the round thing that you turn to open the door you call that the 741: door handle Auxiliary 1: #1 knob # interviewer: #2 or # 741: knob Auxiliary 1: handle handle #1 how many handles are around here # 741: #2 oh be quiet # Auxiliary 1: #1 # 741: #2 # interviewer: have you ever heard anybody call a hill a knob? Auxiliary 1: yes 741: yeah I think I have interviewer: mm-hmm 741: #1 or a knoll # Auxiliary 1: #2 about # bald knob for example another place around here that's got it's a little hill interviewer: well what about if the the big one you know it's not a hill it becomes a regular 741: mountain interviewer: what about you know in up in the mountains uh a place where uh the rocky uh face of the mountain that uh drops off very sharp what do you call 741: cliff interviewer: Yeah. or say a a low place in the mountains where roads might go across what would that be called 741: what the valley? Auxiliary 1: pass 741: pass yeah interviewer: would something like that be ever called a gap? 741: #1 well # Auxiliary 1: #2 Caddo Gap # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # there is Caddo Gap along Caddo River way out in the mountains it's a little place where #1 Caddo River # 741: #2 Is that right? # Auxiliary 1: comes through the mountains it's called Caddo Gap 741: I've seen 'em called gaps more in the higher mountains than we have around here #1 although I guess it # Auxiliary 1: #2 lot of famous # gaps Cumberland Gap 741: yeah {NS} interviewer: have you ever heard people around here use the word notch in conjunction with uh with mountains? Auxiliary 1: isn't that a wind blown um uh it's it's a it's sort of a it's a depression in the mountains but it's sort of the difference between a notch I think and a gap I understand that a notch is sort of it's made by the wind and a gap is made by water interviewer: but you're not familiar with the term? 741: no haven't ever heard it interviewer: well what about uh a place where uh a boat would anchor and unload the thing that it unloads on 741: #1 the dock # interviewer: #2 to # would be the dock ever heard that called anything besides dock 741: landing Auxiliary 1: pier 741: not called pier too much around here most call 'em docks #1 or landings # interviewer: #2 would people # around here ever use the term wharf? 741: #1 I don't really think so uh-uh # Auxiliary 1: #2 no no # 741: #1 # Auxiliary 1: #2 # interviewer: well what about a place in the mountains where water falls a long distance that's a 741: waterfall interviewer: say the roads around here uh the surface uh material what are most of 'em made of? 741: lot of 'em are blacktop lot of 'em are concrete Auxiliary 1: some are asphalt interviewer: blacktop or concrete any any other surface 741: gravel just dirt interviewer: still have some dirt 741: #1 oh still # interviewer: #2 roads here? # 741: oh yes we've got dirt roads definitely interviewer: well talking about roads say if you were out in the country uh maybe a little road that goes off the main road what would you call that? 741: Call it a track or a trail interviewer: or what about one that uh went off the main road up to a farmer's house what would that be called? 741: it's just a farm road interviewer: well say uh 741: #1 or his # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: driveway interviewer: yeah say uh a place that's been worn down by cattle coming in from the pasture 741: #1 the track # interviewer: #2 say # 741: cattle track cattle trail even Auxiliary 1: cattle crossing {NW} It's um 741: #1 mostly a # Auxiliary 1: #2 {X} # interviewer: {NW} 741: path or path or a track or trail interviewer: and a place in in the city where pedestrians walk next to the street that's the 741: sidewalk interviewer: have you ever uh do you have these places in residential areas where you have some grass between the street and the sidewalk? 741: mm-hmm interviewer: mm-hmm and is that called anything? 741: I don't know Auxiliary 1: no interviewer: that's another difference that I've run into you know um around where I'm from people call that the tree lawn 741: a tree lawn interviewer: tree lawn 741: huh interviewer: never heard of that? 741: no I really haven't interviewer: {X} 741: it makes sense do- I mean were trees planted along these areas uh interviewer: whenever I #1 had to # 741: #2 uh-huh # interviewer: mow the front yard you know mother would tell me don't forget to mow the tree lawn #1 too # 741: #2 uh-huh # interviewer: you know all had to do 741: huh let me ask you about this expression say if uh a boy were walking around out out in the country and he passed uh a farmer's corn field crows were in the corn field getting after the corn he might reach down and pick up a uh shuck of corn interviewer: or just a 741: rock or what {NW} interviewer: and 741: #1 throw it # interviewer: #2 do what # you ever heard people say anything besides any other way of saying that other than 741: chunk it interviewer: throw it chunk it what about uh say uh oh if you have somebody uh come over to visit you you might tell them to sit down and make yourself 741: at home interviewer: talking about uh putting milk in coffee drinking it that way you might say that some people like it 741: with cream or yeah interviewer: how do you drink yours? 741: with cream interviewer: with cream 741: I don't u- let's see some pla- people call it what do they call it light co- light coffee or something like that but I that's not anything you'd hear around here interviewer: well how would somebody around here order his coffee if he didn't want anything in 741: black interviewer: {X} ever heard any other expression 741: mm-mm interviewer: straight? 741: no #1 {D: you know what I} # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: I hear that more as a little something a little #1 stronger # interviewer: #2 little # stronger uh-huh have you ever heard anybody offer order his coffee barefooted? 741: no {C: laughing} #1 never have # interviewer: #2 {X} # {NW} okay this expression say if if somebody is not going away from you you say they're coming 741: toward you interviewer: and if you just happened to meet somebody that you weren't looking for you might say well wasn't looking for so and so just happened to run 741: run into him Auxiliary 1: run across 741: I would say run into him you can say run across #1 if you want to # interviewer: #2 {NW} # {NW} okay what if uh if a child is given the same name as his father uh you say that the parents named the child 741: after him interviewer: this animal that barks you call that a 741: dog interviewer: what about a type of dog that's not a a pure breed it's you call it a what 741: mongrel interviewer: Mongrel. Is there any 741: Or something else um hmm there's a there's something else we call 'em too besides a Heinz fifty-seven interviewer: {NW} 741: maybe that'll come to me just a just an old Auxiliary 1: Hound? mutt 741: yeah well if they're just an old hound dog but hound dogs are are specially bred they're not they're not of uh hmm that doesn't come to me interviewer: well what about is there any general term that people around here use uh to refer to a a tiny little dog that you know yaps a lot barks gets under your feet you'd say that's just a little old you ever heard ever heard people say that's just a little old feist dog? 741: I was going to say feisty but interviewer: mm 741: I n- I I hadn't really heard 'em call that I uh with I the things I've heard 'em called are usually profane interviewer: {NW} do you is is a when you think of feist it you is that a specific breed uh 741: no no feisty is a to me is a temperament uh not a not a breed of #1 dog at all # interviewer: #2 I see # 741: feisty is very full of full of spice and vinegar interviewer: what about if uh if you wanted your dog uh to attack another dog or 741: sic 'em interviewer: you say sic 'em and if you wanted it to to stop you'd say 741: I never have had dogs {NW} well we used to have a dog once but he didn't attack anything interviewer: What about 741: down boy something I don't know interviewer: {X} if you wanted him to come to you you'd say 741: here boy interviewer: well what about say uh if you were warning somebody about a dog you might say you better watch him he's bad uh 741: bad news dangerous Auxiliary 1: or he bites 741: he he bites or whatever interviewer: what about the past form of that word bite 741: bit interviewer: yesterday I and I have been 741: bitten interviewer: if uh well we've talked about different types of animals say uh in a herd of cattle what is the male called? 741: bull interviewer: or what about uh uh you know used to before you had the tractors and everything the farmer would use animals to plow with what what sort of 741: #1 mules # interviewer: #2 animals do you # {X} think mules or anything else that might have been used for plowing? 741: well not or I think around here oxen might have been used some areas but I think mules were Arkansas's a real mule state Clark county's a real mule #1 county # interviewer: #2 that right # well what if you had two together you'd say you had a 741: two mules interviewer: you ever heard uh say if you were plowing you know with 'em you'd have a 741: team interviewer: team okay and um talking about getting out the cattle again a small one when it's first born you'd call a 741: calf interviewer: if you had a say if you had a cow named Daisy and Daisy was expecting a calf you'd say that Daisy's going to 741: all I can think of are horse terms interviewer: {NW} 741: what are they calve she's going to calve I would say she's gonna foal interviewer: #1 Yeah yeah. # 741: #2 But uh # not gonna foal interviewer: have you ever heard anybody around here say anything like well Daisy's or cow's gonna freshen? 741: hmm-mm interviewer: never heard of that or what about uh say this expression talking about riding on a horse you couldn't stay on a horse you'd say that you 741: I'd say I fell off interviewer: or what about if a small child uh woke up in the morning on the floor he might say well during the night #1 I must have # 741: #2 I # I fell out of bed guess it's a difference in falling off and #1 falling out I don't know # interviewer: #2 falling out # {NW} Auxiliary 1: {D: I thought you were unsee a going to fall off a horse} 741: well and if I were writing a book to be published I might have #1 {X} # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: #1 but generally I would # interviewer: #2 {NW} # 741: fall off the horse. interviewer: oh yeah uh are there any uh uh sheep raised around here? 741: oh I could be sure there's some but not enough to even spit at interviewer: do you happen to know what the male sheep's called? 741: the ram? interviewer: what about the female? 741: a ewe interviewer: what do what would people generally raise sheep for? 741: wool I guess most people have goats here that have anything like that and they raise 'em they have 'em for milk I believe {NW} interviewer: what about uh say a group of hogs do you know what the male is called 741: mm-mm interviewer: you ever heard it called the boar? 741: oh I yes but I think of those as being wild interviewer: I see. 741: I don't but I I didn't know tame ones were also called boars interviewer: well is there anything in particular that you that you call a hog that's grown up wild you just call it a 741: wild boar #1 or wild hog # interviewer: #2 {X} # 741: {D: rile yeah} interviewer: lemme ask you this I keep coming out here to Arkansas people talk about razorbacks is there such a thing as a razorback? 741: they say there's not but I just believe there is #1 they just have to be # interviewer: #2 {NW} # think there is 741: #1 well the reason # interviewer: #2 running around on the # football field or whatever 741: it's a wild boar of some sort and and there are uh now whether they actually exist in Arkansas I don't know but there definitely are razorback hogs that have this this uh quill kind of back uh very sharp hairs or something there on their interviewer: do you know what those hairs are called by the way? 741: mm-mm interviewer: you ever heard 'em called bristles? 741: oh well yeah interviewer: {X} what about these these long 741: #1 tusks # interviewer: #2 teeth # {X} ever heard people call those tuskies? 741: no interviewer: haven't heard that well if uh now we were talking about types of uh hogs a little one when it's first born you call that a 741: I call it a piglet I don't know what anybody else calls it interviewer: is there any intermediate stage you know between a small 741: #1 there probably is I don't know # interviewer: #2 {X} # have you ever heard uh anything called a shoat 741: oh well yes but the shoats are the are the freshman football team at the University of Arkansas interviewer: is that right 741: right {C: laughing} interviewer: {NW} well that's something {X} well what if it makes sense what about uh say a hog a male hog that's been altered have you ever heard that called anything particular? 741: yeah I guess it's the same thing as a cow being altered oh Mike what's that called Auxiliary 1: Oh it's um 741: all I can think of is spayed right now and I know that's not it interviewer: well while you're think trying to think of that what do you say has been done to one like that it's been 741: well that's what I'm it's what I'm trying to think of interviewer: oh well I I was asking what the animal was called Auxiliary 1: oh I see {X} 741: oh it's what's being done to it that I was trying to #1 think of # Auxiliary 1: #2 calve is # is a I mean a cow is a steer 741: yeah and a horse is a gelding but I can't think of #1 I don't know what a # Auxiliary 1: #2 huh # pig is a 741: I don't know what a pig is Auxiliary 1: {X} 741: well that's what you call it anyw- #1 a horse anyway you call it gelding # interviewer: #2 have you ever heard it called a # have you ever heard uh a hog that's been done to called a barrow Auxiliary 1: yeah 741: have you? Auxiliary 1: I have interviewer: well getting back to what's been done to it what'd you call that did you think of that? 741: hmm-mm I it the horse it's uh gelding him but I don't I've forgotten what it's called about a cow and I'm sure the pig and the cow's probably pretty much the same interviewer: talking about the process 741: #1 uh-huh # interviewer: #2 you know # would you do people just say you think castrated? 741: yeah uh but uh but they call it b- but they get it all mixed up and they call it something else uh they don't cut they cat- they don't call it cas- castrated oh I'm trying to think how they Auxiliary 1: {NW} 741: they really